WO2023134270A1 - 一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台 - Google Patents

一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023134270A1
WO2023134270A1 PCT/CN2022/128479 CN2022128479W WO2023134270A1 WO 2023134270 A1 WO2023134270 A1 WO 2023134270A1 CN 2022128479 W CN2022128479 W CN 2022128479W WO 2023134270 A1 WO2023134270 A1 WO 2023134270A1
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Prior art keywords
power generation
platform
generation device
main body
cage culture
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PCT/CN2022/128479
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邱守强
彭秋平
杨海兵
梁富琳
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华南理工大学
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Application filed by 华南理工大学 filed Critical 华南理工大学
Publication of WO2023134270A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023134270A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/4453—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting solar energy into electric energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/4466—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting water energy into electric energy, e.g. from tidal flows, waves or currents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of marine new energy and cage culture, and in particular relates to a cage culture platform for comprehensively utilizing new marine energy, and in particular to a source-grid-storage-load integration and multi-energy complementation utilizing marine wave energy, solar energy and wind energy
  • a green and intelligent cage culture platform that can flexibly adapt to different sea conditions and climate characteristics.
  • the wave power generation The device is a vertical structure fixed on the seabed.
  • the size of the air chamber of the box cannot be changed, and it cannot actively gather and release the gas pressure and flow in the effective space of the box. Therefore, the power generation efficiency is low. It only has the air chamber Power generation leads to a single power generation mode, and the caisson structure mentioned above is fixed on the seabed.
  • additional mechanisms and power need to be provided to adapt to water level changes, resulting in high cost and poor flexibility.
  • Chinese invention patent application 201611184118.X involves a floating breakwater device that collects solar energy, wave energy, and wind energy.
  • the surface of the power generation float although the content of the invention relates to various forms of marine energy utilization, the principle and structural form of wave power generation, the installation method of fans and solar panels are all fundamentally different from the present invention.
  • the Chinese invention patent application 202010190515.8 relates to a floating breakwater with both wave energy power generation function and fish farming function.
  • the wave power generation device is also an oscillating float type, and does not involve the comprehensive utilization of wind energy, solar energy and other energy sources. Its wave power generation principle and structural form are essentially different from those of the present invention.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cage culture platform for comprehensive utilization of new offshore energy sources.
  • the oscillating water column type wave energy generation device, solar photovoltaic panel and wind power generator device into a floating platform, according to the characteristics of each device, the It is optimally arranged around or in the upper space of the floating platform to decompose and absorb wave energy loads and wind loads into electrical energy.
  • the underwater space of the floating platform can be used for cage culture, and the electric energy required for its production and life can be provided by the above-mentioned power generation device.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention realizes the resource sharing of the main structure of each functional part, the mooring system, the power and electrical facilities, the integration of the source, the network, the load and the storage, and multi-energy complementarity, and expands the use of new offshore energy devices and cage culture structures.
  • the scope of application provides a feasible technical solution for breaking through the bottleneck of offshore source-grid-load-storage integration and multi-energy complementary technologies.
  • the present invention provides a net cage culture platform that comprehensively utilizes new offshore energy, including a platform body, a wave power generation device, a solar power generation device, a wind power generation device, a culture cage, and a mooring system.
  • the main body of the platform is triangular, rectangular, circular or other polygonal structural shapes.
  • the wave power generation device is arranged around the main body of the platform, and the connection mode of the two is rigid connection.
  • the solar power generation device and the wind power generation device are arranged in the upper space of the main body of the platform, and the breeding cages are arranged on the main body of the platform. underwater space.
  • the wave power generation device, solar power generation device and wind power generation device are all of modular design, and a certain number can be optimally arranged according to the platform structure shape, sea state environment and cage culture requirements.
  • the wave power generation device is an oscillating water column type, including a front wall panel, a box body, an air channel, an air turbine, a gearbox or a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic motor, a coupling, a first and a second generator, a storage battery and optional inverter, etc.
  • the front wall panel Under the action of waves, the front wall panel can undergo pitching motion around the rotating shaft on the top.
  • the rotating shaft is connected to the box body through bearings and hinge supports, and the end of the rotating shaft is connected to the gearbox or hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic pressure.
  • the motor, the gearbox or the hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic motor are connected to the second generator, and the second generator is connected to the battery and an optional inverter or electrical equipment.
  • the solar power generation device includes a solar photovoltaic panel, a storage battery and an optional inverter, etc., and the storage battery and the optional inverter are connected to required electrical equipment.
  • the wind power generation device includes a wind power generator (direct current or alternating current), a storage battery and an optional inverter or rectifier, etc., and the storage battery and an optional inverter or rectifier are connected to required electrical equipment.
  • the wave power generation device, the solar power generation device and the wind power generation device can share a storage battery and an optional inverter or rectifier, and the storage battery and the optional inverter or rectifier are connected to the required electricity equipment.
  • the cage culture platform for comprehensive utilization of new offshore energy is moored on the seabed by a mooring system, and the specific mooring form is not limited under the condition of ensuring the normal operation of each component described in the present invention.
  • the top part of the front wall panel is hinged to the box body, and can swing around the hinge shaft under the action of waves, and the output end of the hinge shaft can also be connected with a damper to limit the excessive swing range of the front wall panel to a certain limit. within the safe range of motion.
  • the main body of the platform can be provided with several airtight chambers as equipment compartments or ballast water tanks.
  • the marine new energy utilization type attached to the cage culture platform for the comprehensive utilization of new offshore energy is not limited to the above-mentioned wave power generation, solar power generation and wind power generation, but can be other types of offshore energy sources, or any of them one or more combinations.
  • the present invention focuses on the structural form and working principle of the device itself, and does not describe in detail the required control actuators and sensing signal acquisition and feedback systems, but the present invention has the above-mentioned accessories and functions.
  • the wave power generation device (1) is arranged on the facing wave side of the platform main body (2).
  • cage culture platform for comprehensive utilization of new offshore energy can be expanded into floating energy islands (groups) on the sea, which can be used as ecological breeding or ecotourism sightseeing platforms, sea cities or sea airports, etc.
  • the present invention provides a cage culture platform that integrates multiple new offshore energy sources, which can realize self-sufficiency in electric power for deep sea cage culture, and provide power for mechanization and intelligence required in breeding production.
  • the introduction of wave energy power generation devices can effectively reduce the movement response of the platform and provide a relatively stable production and living environment for cage farming.
  • the prior art has similar inventions and creations to structures such as sea wave energy and cage culture or breakwaters, they do not possess the following characteristics of the present invention:
  • the wave power generation device of the present invention has a front wall panel structure that can swing longitudinally. This structure can move with the wave peaks and valleys. This movement can dynamically adjust the volume of the air chamber, and has the function of guiding and accelerating the convergence and release of the airflow in the air chamber. ability, so the energy conversion efficiency can be improved. Moreover, energy collection can also be performed at the rotating shaft of the swinging front wall panel, which further expands the existing energy collection mode and range of the air chamber, and is beneficial to the output of comprehensive energy.
  • the front wall panel structure that can swing longitudinally in the present invention is attached with a damping structure that can intelligently control its swing amplitude.
  • the damping structure is a power generation mechanism that can capture energy, including such as a gearbox and a generator system, or a hydraulic motor And generator system, etc., the electric energy output can be converged with the wind power generation and solar power generation panels in the upper space of the platform to provide a source of power for cage culture production.
  • the underwater space of the platform main body of the present invention can be used as a deep-sea aquaculture net cage, and power generation devices such as small fans or solar panels can be installed on the water platform, and various power generation devices can be optimally arranged according to the upper space of the platform.
  • the platform main body It is a floating structure that can comprehensively utilize offshore renewable energy, and can be expanded into one or more offshore floating energy islands (groups), in order to achieve the goal of "carbon neutrality" and provide clean, low-carbon, safe Efficient energy systems offer a viable solution.
  • the technical solution of the present invention has important practical significance and promotion prospects for reducing the development and utilization of new offshore energy devices and the economic cost of the cage culture industry, improving the reliability and survivability of the devices, and expanding the industrial model of multi-energy complementarity at sea.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cage culture platform for comprehensive utilization of new offshore energy provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the main body of the platform is rectangular.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wave power generation device for a cage culture platform that comprehensively utilizes new offshore energy provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a side view of a cage culture platform for comprehensive utilization of new offshore energy provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of A-A section in Fig. 3 of a cage culture platform for comprehensive utilization of new offshore energy provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of B-B section in Fig. 3 of a cage culture platform for comprehensive utilization of new offshore energy provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a cage culture platform for comprehensive utilization of new offshore energy provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the main body of the platform is a triangle.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a cage culture platform for comprehensive utilization of new offshore energy provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the main body of the platform is circular.
  • a net cage culture platform for comprehensive utilization of new offshore energy includes a wave power generation device 1, a platform main body 2, a solar power generation device 3, a wind power generation device 4, a heave plate 5, Breeding cages 6 and mooring system.
  • Wave power generation device 1 is arranged on the facing wave side of platform main body 2, and solar power generation device 3, wind power generation device 4 are all fixedly arranged on the upper space of platform main body 2, and culture cage 6 is positioned at the underwater space of platform main body 2, and platform main body 2 A heave plate 5 is arranged around the bottom, which can restrain the up and down movement of the platform main body 2 under the action of waves, and the platform main body 2 is anchored at a predetermined position in the sea through a mooring system.
  • the platform main body 2 is circular, triangular, rectangular or other polygonal shapes.
  • the platform main body 2 is a hollow rectangular platform, and the wave power generation device 1 is arranged on the wave-facing side of the platform main body 2, and the connection between the two is a rigid connection,
  • the solar power generation device 3 and the wind power generation device 4 are arranged in the upper space of the platform main body 2
  • the culture cage 6 is arranged in the underwater space of the platform main body 2 .
  • the center of gravity of the entire platform can be reasonably arranged through the solar power generation device 3 and the wind power generation device 4 , or adjusted through the ballast water tank located in the platform main body 2 .
  • the platform main body 2 is a triangular structure, and the corresponding culture cage 6 is also a triangular shape, and the wave power generation device 1 is arranged at the center of one side, corresponding to wind power generation.
  • the device 4 can be arranged at its diagonal position to balance the center of gravity of the structure.
  • the mooring system uses three mooring chains, which are respectively arranged at the diagonal position at the bottom of the platform main body 2 .
  • the platform main body 2 is a circular structure, and the corresponding culture cage 6 is also circular, and the box body 101 of the wave power generation device 1 is rigid to the platform main body 2.
  • the solar power generation device 3 is evenly arranged in the upper space of the platform main body 2 along the circumference, and a part of the space is reserved for the arrangement of the wind power generation device 4, and the mooring system is evenly distributed at the bottom of the platform main body 2 along the circumference.
  • the wave power generation device 1 includes a box body 101, a front wall panel 102, a hinge shaft 103, an air passage 105, an air turbine 106, a first generator 107, an energy storage 108 and coupling 109, the top of the front wall panel 102 is hinged to one side of the box body 101 through the hinge shaft 103, the top of the box body 101 is provided with an air hole, the air channel 105 communicates with the box body 101 through the air hole, and the air turbine 106 is located at the air inlet and outlet of the air channel 105 , and the air turbine 106 is connected to the first generator 107 through a coupling 109 , and the accumulator 108 is connected to the air channel 105 .
  • the front wall panel 102 can reciprocate and swing around the hinge shaft 103 under the action of waves, and under the action of the wave crest, the front wall panel 102 swings to the inside of the box body 101 to compress the inner space of the box body 101, so that the internal air quickly flows out from the upper air channel 105
  • the air turbine 106 located at the end of the air channel 105 is impacted by the air flowing out at a high speed to rotate and then drive the first generator 107 to rotate and output electric energy through the coupling 109 .
  • the front wall panel 102 swings to the outside of the box body 101 to expand the inner space of the box body 101, so that the external air flows in rapidly from the air passage 105 at the upper part, and the air turbine 106 at the end of the air passage 105
  • the rotation is caused by the impact of the high-speed inflowing air, and then the generator 107 is driven to rotate through the coupling 109 to output electric energy.
  • the accumulator 108 can buffer the impact of the air flow pressure on the air turbine 106, and simultaneously store and release a certain air pressure to stabilize the kinetic energy output of the air turbine.
  • the end of the hinged shaft 103 can be connected with a damper that intelligently controls its swing amplitude, or a second generator 111 .
  • the wave power generation device 1 further includes a second generator 111 , and the hinged shaft 103 is connected to the second generator 111 through a gearbox 110 .
  • the gearbox 110 at the end of the hinge shaft 103 and the second generator 111 connected to it are also driven by the front wall panel 102 to reciprocate and swing to output electric energy.
  • the gearbox 110 and the second generator 111 connected to it can also implement active control of the swing response of the front wall panel 102 by changing the magnitude of the load.
  • the gearbox 110 can be replaced by a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic motor and the second generator 111 are connected in sequence.
  • the wave power generation device 1 is not provided with the second generator 111, but a damper is connected to the end of the hinge shaft 103, so as to limit the swing range of the front wall panel from being too large, and the front wall panel 102 is limited. within a certain safe range of motion.
  • the second generator 111 is provided, the swing of the front wall panel 102 can be restricted within a safe range of motion during the process of converting the kinetic energy of the front wall panel 102 into electrical energy without additional dampers.
  • the second generator 111 and the first generator 107 are connected to the storage battery, and the storage battery is connected to the electrical equipment required by the farming platform and an optional inverter through the controller, wherein the inverter is used to Convert direct current to alternating current.
  • the wave power generation device 1 can be arranged modularly around the platform main body 2, that is, each wave power generation device 1 has the same structure, and multiple wave power generation devices can be arranged around the platform main body 2 as required. device 1.
  • the interior of the platform main body 2 is divided into several sealed chambers, the size of which can be adjusted according to the structural requirements, and the wave
  • the components in the power generation device 1: the air turbine 106, the first generator 107, the second generator 111, the accumulator 108 and the coupling 109 can all be arranged in the sealed chamber of the platform main body 2, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 4. As shown in 5, this can avoid seawater or rainwater erosion, greatly improve the survivability of the device, and facilitate device maintenance and reduce maintenance costs.
  • the platform main body 2 is also provided with a ballast water tank, which can be filled with ballast water to adjust the center of gravity and draft of the structure, so as to adapt to different marine environments.
  • the output shaft of the gearbox 110 needs to transmit power to the second generator 111 in the sealed chamber through the transmission connecting rod 104 , as shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 .
  • the solar power generation device 3 includes a solar photovoltaic panel and its electrical equipment, which can be arranged modularly in the upper space of the platform main body 2, that is, a plurality of solar power generation devices 3 can be provided as required.
  • the structure of the wind power generation device 4 is a horizontal-axis fan or a vertical-axis fan, and its components include a fan and its electrical equipment, which can be arranged in a modular manner in the upper space of the platform main body 2 , that is, a plurality of wind power generating devices 4 can be provided as required.
  • the aquaculture net cage 6 is arranged in the underwater space of the platform main body 2, and the electrical equipment required for aquaculture can be generated by the wave power generation device 1, the solar power generation device 3 and wind power.
  • the device 4 provides electrical energy.
  • the energy utilization type of the present invention is not limited to wave power generation, solar power generation and wind power generation, but also other types of marine energy sources, or any one or combination thereof.
  • the mooring system includes a counterweight 702 and multiple mooring chains 701 , and the platform main body 2 is moored to the seabed through the mooring chains 701 and the counterweights 702 .
  • All the functional components in the foregoing invention embodiments can be consigned to the predetermined sea area after installation at the shipyard wharf, and then the floating state of the platform can be adjusted by adding water to the ballast water tank located in the main body 2 of the platform, and several mooring chains 701 and counterweight 702 are anchored on the seabed.
  • the power generation scheme of the present invention is not limited to the cage culture situation described in the embodiment, and all occasions suitable for the power generation device module described in the present invention belong to the protection scope of this invention.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台，包括波浪发电装置、平台主体、太阳能发电装置、风力发电装置、养殖网箱、系泊***。所述波浪发电装置布置在平台主体的周边，所述太阳能发电装置和风力发电装置布置在平台主体的上部，所述养殖网箱布置在平台主体的水下。所述波浪发电装置具有可以纵向摇摆的前墙板结构，所述前墙板随着波浪峰谷运动动态调节气室体积，具有引导和加速气室内气流汇聚及释放的能力，可以提高能量转换效率。所述前墙板结构附有可以智能控制其摇摆幅值的阻尼结构，或发电机获能机构。本发明可以扩展为海上浮动的能源岛，为海上能量来源及生态养殖提供了一种新颖实用的技术方案。

Description

一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台 技术领域
本发明属于海上新能源及网箱养殖领域，尤其涉及一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台，特别涉及一种利用海上波浪能、太阳能和风能的源网储荷一体化及多能互补的、可以灵活适应不同海况环境和气候特征的绿色智能网箱养殖平台。
 背景技术
目前在“海洋经济”、“海洋强国”及“碳中和”等政策引导下，海上新能源开发利用装备及海上绿色网箱养殖装备均属于国家大力支持的产业。上述两种装备具有不同的环境要求和工作原理，因此具有不同的结构形式和目标要求。目前这两类装备多为独立布置，且两者的技术成熟度均不高，尤其是海上新能源开发利用装备仍未进入商业化运行阶段，还没有形成具有统一共识的可靠技术方案，因此经济成本很高而可靠性很差。另一方面，网箱养殖装备虽然已经商业化，但是技术水平和产品附加值都较低，多数没有电力供给或仅由柴油机发电，更没有绿色能源技术的引入，同时结构抵御恶劣海况的能力较差，无法实现绿色化、智能化及规模化，因此急需对现有的网箱养殖装备进行升级改造。
目前虽有一些关于海上波浪能集成网箱养殖平台或防波堤等结构物的发明创造，如中国实用新型专利申请号201521092314.5所涉及的一种兼具波浪发电和养殖功能的复合防波堤，其中的波浪发电装置为固定于海底的直立式结构，所述箱体气室体积大小是无法改变的，不能主动汇聚和释放箱体有效空间内的气体压力与流量，因此发电效率较低，其仅有气室发电导致发电模式单一，其所述的沉箱式结构固定于海底，作为养殖装置需要提供额外的机构及动力才能适应水位变化，导致成本高，灵活性较差。中国发明专利申请201611184118.X所涉及的一种集太阳能、波浪能、风能的浮式防波堤装置，其中的波浪能发电装置为振荡浮子，风力发电装置为固定于海底，太阳能光伏板直接铺设在波浪发电浮子表面，其发明内容虽涉及海洋多种能源利用形式，但波浪发电原理及结构形式、风机及太阳能板安装方式均与本发明有本质区别。中国发明专利申请202010190515.8所涉及的一种兼具波浪能发电功能和渔业养殖功能的浮式防波堤，所述的波浪发电装置同样为振荡浮子式，同时不涉及风能及太阳能等多种能源综合利用，其波浪发电原理及结构形式与本发明有本质区别。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的在于提供一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台，通过将振荡水柱型波浪能发电装置、太阳能光伏板及风力发电机装置集成于一个浮式平台，根据各装置的特点将其优化布置在浮式平台的四周或上部空间，将波浪能载荷和风载荷分解并吸收转换为电能。同时，浮式平台的水下空间可以用来网箱养殖，其生产生活所需的电能都可以由上述发电装置提供。本发明的技术方案实现了各功用部分的主体结构、锚系***、电力电气设施的资源共享及源网荷储的一体化和多能互补，拓展了海上新能源装置和网箱养殖结构物的适用范围，为突破海上源网荷储一体化和多能互补技术的瓶颈提供了一种可行的技术方案。
    为了实现本发明目的，本发明提供的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台，包括平台主体、波浪发电装置、太阳能发电装置、风力发电装置、养殖网箱、系泊***。所述平台主体为三角形、矩形、圆形或其他多边形结构形状。所述波浪发电装置布置在所述平台主体的周边，两者的连接方式为刚性连接，所述太阳能发电装置和风力发电装置布置在平台主体的上部空间，所述的养殖网箱布置在平台主体的水下空间。所述的波浪发电装置、太阳能发电装置和风力发电装置均为模块化设计，可以根据平台结构形状、海况环境及网箱养殖需求优化布置若干数量。所述波浪发电装置为振荡水柱型，包括前墙板、箱体、空气通道、空气透平、变速箱或液压油缸及液压马达、联轴器、第一及第二发电机、蓄电池及可选的逆变器等。所述前墙板在波浪作用下可以绕其顶部的转轴发生纵摇运动，所述转轴通过轴承及铰支座连接所述箱体，所述转轴端部连接所述变速箱或液压油缸及液压马达，所述变速箱或液压油缸及液压马达连接所述第二发电机，所述第二发电机连接所述蓄电池及可选的逆变器或用电设备。所述箱体顶部具有若干圆形的气孔，开孔位置设置所述的空气通道及空气透平，所述的空气透平通过联轴器连接所述的第一发电机，所述的第一发电机将输出电能连接至所述的蓄电池及可选的逆变器或用电设备。所述的太阳能发电装置包括太阳能光伏板、蓄电池及可选的逆变器等，所述的蓄电池及可选的逆变器连接所需的用电设备。所述的风力发电装置包括风力发电机（直流或交流）、蓄电池及可选的逆变器或整流器等，所述的蓄电池及可选的逆变器或整流器连接所需的用电设备。
进一步地，所述的波浪发电装置、太阳能发电装置和风力发电装置可以共享一个蓄电池及可选的逆变器或整流器，所述的蓄电池及可选的逆变器或整流器连接所需的用电设备。
进一步地，所述的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台由系泊***锚泊于海底，在保证本发明所述各组成部分正常工作的情况下不限制具体锚泊形式。
进一步地，前墙板的顶部部铰接于箱体，在波浪作用下可以绕铰接轴复摆动，铰接轴输出端还可以连接阻尼器以限制前墙板的摆动幅度过大，使其限定在一定的安全运动范围内。
进一步地，所述的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台，其平台主体可以设置若干密闭腔室用来作为设备舱或压载水舱。
进一步地，所述的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台所附属的海洋新能源利用类型不仅限于上述波浪发电、太阳能发电及风力发电，可以为其他类型的海上能源，或其中任一种或多种的组合。
进一步地，本发明重点关注装置本身的结构形式和工作原理，对所需控制执行机构和传感信号采集及反馈***并未详细描述，但本发明均具有上述附件及功能。
进一步地，所述波浪发电装置（1）布置在所述平台主体（2）的迎浪侧。
进一步地，所述的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台可以扩展成海上浮动的能源岛（群），作为生态养殖或生态旅游观光平台或海上城市或海上机场等使用。
 有益效果
相比现有技术，本发明提供的一种集成多种海上新能源的网箱养殖平台可以实现深远海网箱养殖的电力自给，为养殖生产中所需的机械化和智能化提供电力。同时，波浪能发电装置的引入可以有效降低平台的运动响应，为网箱养殖提供较为平稳的生产生活环境。虽然现有技术已有对海上波浪能及网箱养殖或防波堤等结构物进行类似的发明创造，但均不具备本发明的以下特点：
（1）本发明的波浪发电装置具有可以纵向摇摆的前墙板结构，该结构形式可以随着波浪峰谷运动，该运动可以动态调节气室体积，具有引导和加速气室内气流汇聚及释放的能力，因此可以提高能量的转换效率。且摆动的前墙板转轴处同样可以进行能力采集，进一步扩大了现有的气室能量采集模式和范围，有利于综合能量的输出。
（2）本发明的可以纵向摇摆的前墙板结构附有可以智能控制其摇摆幅值的阻尼结构，该阻尼结构为可以获能的发电机构，包括如齿轮箱和发电机***，或液压马达和发电机***等，电能输出可以和平台上部空间的风力发电和太阳能发电板汇聚为网箱养殖生产提供电力来源。
（3）本发明的平台主体水下空间可以作为深海养殖网箱，水上平台可以安装小型风机或太阳能板等发电装置，且各类发电装置可以根据平台上部空间进行优化布置，所述的平台主体是一个可以综合利用海上可再生能源的浮式结构物，可以扩展为一个或多个海上浮动的能源岛（群），为实现“碳中和”目标及为海上结构物提供清洁低碳、安全高效的能源体系提供了一种可行的解决方案。
本发明的技术方案对于降低海上新能源装置的开发利用及网箱养殖产业的经济成本、提高装置可靠性和生存能力、拓展海上多能互补的产业模式等方面具有重要的现实意义和推广前景。
 附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的平台主体为矩形时的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台的结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施例提供的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台的波浪发电装置原理图。
图3是本发明实施例提供的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台的侧视图。
图4是本发明实施例提供的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台图3中A-A断面剖视图。
图5是本发明实施例提供的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台图3中B-B断面剖视图。
图6是本发明实施例提供的平台主体为三角形时的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台的结构示意图。
图7是本发明实施例提供的平台主体为为圆形时的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台的结构示意图。
图中所示为：1-波浪发电装置，101-箱体，102-前墙板，103-铰接轴，104-传动连杆，105-空气通道，106-空气透平，107-第一发电机，108-蓄能器，109-联轴器，110-变速箱；111-第二发电机；2-平台主体；3-太阳能发电装置；4-风力发电装置；5-垂荡板；6-养殖网箱；701-系泊链；702-配重块。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的发明目的作进一步详细描述，实施例不能在此一一赘述，但本发明的实施方式并不因此限定于以下实施例。
如图1至图5所示，本发明提供的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台包括波浪发电装置1、平台主体2、太阳能发电装置3、风力发电装置4、垂荡板5、养殖网箱6和系泊***。波浪发电装置1设置在平台主体2的迎浪侧，太阳能发电装置3、风力发电装置4均固定设置在平台主体2的上部空间，养殖网箱6位于平台主体2的水下空间，平台主体2底部四周设置有垂荡板5，其可以在波浪作用下抑制平台主体2的上下运动，平台主体2通过系泊***锚泊于海中预定位置。
本发明中，平台主体2为圆形、三角形、矩形或其他多边形形状。在本发明其中一些实施例中，如图1至图5所示，平台主体2为一中空矩形平台，波浪发电装置1布置在平台主体2的迎浪侧，两者的连接方式为刚性连接，太阳能发电装置3和风力发电装置4布置在平台主体2的上部空间，养殖网箱6布置在平台主体2的水下空间。整个平台的重心可以通过所述太阳能发电装置3和风力发电装置4合理布置，或通过位于平台主体2内的压载水舱进行调节。在本发明的另一些实施例中，如图6所示，平台主体2为三角形结构，与之对应的养殖网箱6也为三角形，波浪发电装置1布置于一边中心位置，与之对应风力发电装置4可以布置于其对角位置以平衡结构重心，系泊***采用三条系泊链，分别布置于平台主体2底部对角位置。在本发明的另一些实施例中，如图7所示，平台主体2为圆形结构，与之对应的养殖网箱6也为圆形，波浪发电装置1的箱体101与平台主体2刚性连接，太阳能发电装置3沿圆周均匀布置于平台主体2上部空间，预留部分空间布置风力发电装置4，系泊***沿圆周均布于平台主体2底部位置。
在本发明其中一些实施例中，如图2所示，波浪发电装置1包括箱体101、前墙板102、铰接轴103、空气通道105、空气透平106、第一发电机107、蓄能器108和联轴器109，前墙板102的顶端与箱体101的一侧通过铰接轴103铰接，箱体101的顶部开设有气孔，空气通道105通过气孔与箱体101连通，空气透平106位于空气通道105的进出风口，且空气透平106通过联轴器109与第一发电机107连接，蓄能器108与空气通道105连接。前墙板102可在波浪作用下绕铰接轴103往复摆动，在波峰作用下前墙板102向箱体101内部摆动压缩箱体101内部空间，使得内部的空气急速从位于上部的空气通道105流出，位于空气通道105端部的空气透平106受高速流出的空气冲击发生旋转进而通过联轴器109带动第一发电机107旋转输出电能。相同地，在波谷作用下前墙板102向箱体101外侧摆动使得箱体101内部空间扩张，由此外部空气急速从位于上部的空气通道105流入，位于空气通道105端部的空气透平106受高速流入的空气冲击发生旋转进而通过联轴器109带动发电机107旋转输出电能。上述过程中，蓄能器108可以缓冲气流压力对空气透平106的冲击，并同步存储及释放一定的气压以稳定空气透平的动能输出。
本发明，所述铰接轴103端部可连接智能控制其摇摆幅值的阻尼器，或第二发电机111。具体地，在本发明其中一些实施例中，如图2所示，波浪发电装置1还包括第二发电机111，铰接轴103通过变速箱110与第二发电机111连接。位于铰接轴103端部的变速箱110及其连接的第二发电机111也在前墙板102往复摆动的驱动下旋转输出电能。变速箱110及其连接的第二发电机111也可以通过改变负载大小实施对前墙板102摆幅响应的主动控制。在其他实施例中，变速箱110可以替换为液压油缸和液压马达，液压油缸、液压马达和第二发电机111与依次连接。在另一其他实施例中，波浪发电装置1不设置第二发电机111，而是在铰接轴103的端部连接阻尼器，以限制前墙板的摆动幅度过大，将前墙板102限定在一定的安全运动范围内。而在设置有第二发电机111时，在将前墙板102的动能转化为电能的过程中即可以将前墙板102的摆动限制在安全运动范围内，而无需另设阻尼器。
在本发明的其中一些实施例中，第二发电机111、第一发电机107连接蓄电池，蓄电池通过控制器连接养殖平台所需的用电设备及可选的逆变器，其中逆变器用来将直流电转换为交流电。
在本发明的其中一些实施例中，波浪发电装置1可以在平台主体2的周围模块化设置，即每个波浪发电装置1的结构相同，可以根据需要在平台主体2的周围设置多个波浪发电装置1。
在本发明的其中一些实施例中，如图1、图3、图4及图5所示，平台主体2内部划分为若干密封腔室，腔室大小可根据结构要求进行调整，所述的波浪发电装置1中组成部分：空气透平106、第一发电机107、第二发电机111、蓄能器108及联轴器109均可以布置在平台主体2的密封腔室内，如图4及图5所示，这样可以避免海水或雨水的侵蚀，对装置的生存能力有较大的提高，且有利于装置维护并降低维护成本。另外平台主体2内还设置有压载水舱，可往压载水舱灌注压载水调整结构重心和吃水大小，以适应不同的海洋环境。这种情况下变速箱110的输出轴需通过传动连杆104将动力传输至密封腔室内的第二发电机111，如图1、图3及图4所示。
在本发明的其中一些实施例中，所述的太阳能发电装置3包括太阳能光伏板及其电气设备，可以在平台主体2的上部空间模块化布置，即可以根据需要设置多个太阳能发电装置3。
在本发明的其中一些实施例中，所述的风力发电装置4的结构形式为水平轴风机或垂直轴风机，组成部分包括风机及其电气设备，可以在平台主体2的上部空间进行模块化布置，即可以根据需要设置多个风力发电装置4。
在本发明的其中一些实施例中，所述的养殖网箱6布置在平台主体2的水下空间，养殖所需的电气设备可以由所述的波浪发电装置1、太阳能发电装置3和风力发电装置4提供电能。
本发明的能源利用类型不仅限于波浪发电、太阳能发电及风力发电，还能采用其他类型的海上能源，或其中任一种或多种的组合。
在本发明的其中一些实施例中，系泊***包括配重块702和多条系泊链701，平台主体2通过系泊链701和配重块702锚泊于海底。
前述发明实施例中所有功能部件都可以在船厂码头安装完毕后托运至预定海域，然后通过向位于平台主体2内的压载水舱加水进行平台的浮态调整，并由若干条系泊链701和配重块702锚泊于海底。
应当指出，凡可以通过本发明所述发明内容及技术路线实现波浪发电装置前墙板摆动发电、不限定前墙板摆动的结构形式及其运动控制***，不限定手动或自动均属于本发明权利所限范围。
应当指出，本发明的发电方案不限于实施例所述的网箱养殖的情形，所有适宜于本发明所述的发电装置模块的场合均属于此发明的保护范围。
本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台，其特征在于，包括波浪发电装置（1）、平台主体（2）、太阳能发电装置（3）、风力发电装置（4）、养殖网箱（6）和系泊***；
    所述波浪发电装置（1）布置在所述平台主体（2）的周边，所述太阳能发电装置（3）和风力发电装置（4）布置在平台主体（2）的上部空间，所述的养殖网箱（6）布置在平台主体（2）下方的水下空间，系泊***用于将平台主体（2）锚泊于海中；
    其中，所述波浪发电装置（1）包括箱体（101）、前墙板（102）、铰接轴（103）、空气通道（105）、空气透平（106）、第一发电机（107）和蓄能器（108），前墙板（102）通过铰接轴（103）与箱体（101）铰接以在波浪的作用下压缩或扩张箱体（101）的内部空间，空气通道（105）、空气透平（106）、第一发电机（107）依次连接，蓄能器（108）与空气通道（105）连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台，其特征在于：所述平台主体（2）为圆形、三角形、矩形或其他多边形形状。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台，其特征在于：还包括第二发电机（111），所述第二发电机（111）与铰接轴（103）之间通过变速箱（110）连接，或，所述第二发电机（111）与铰接轴（103）之间通过液压油缸和液压马达连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台，其特征在于：还包括传动连杆（104），平台主体（2）内设置有密封腔室，空气透平（106）、第一发电机（107）、蓄能器（108）和第二发电机（111）均设置在密封腔室内，变速箱（110）或液压油缸和液压马达的输出端通过传动连杆（104）与第二发电机（111）连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台，其特征在于：还包括阻尼器，所述阻尼器连接设置在铰接轴（103）输出端。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台，其特征在于：所述平台主体（2）内部设置有压载水舱，所述压载水舱用于灌注压载水。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台，其特征在于：所述的太阳能发电装置（3）包括太阳能光伏板及其电气设备，能在平台主体（2）的上部空间模块化布置。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台，其特征在于：所述的风力发电装置（4）的结构形式为水平轴风机或垂直轴风机，能在平台主体（2）的上部空间模块化布置。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台，其特征在于：所述波浪发电装置（1）布置在所述平台主体（2）的迎浪侧。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一所述的一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台，其特征在于：所述的能源利用类型不仅限于波浪发电、太阳能发电及风力发电，还能采用其他类型的海上能源，或其中任一种或多种的组合
PCT/CN2022/128479 2022-01-13 2022-10-31 一种综合利用海上新能源的网箱养殖平台 WO2023134270A1 (zh)

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