WO2023125538A1 - 充电控制方法、***、电子设备及存储介质 - Google Patents

充电控制方法、***、电子设备及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023125538A1
WO2023125538A1 PCT/CN2022/142342 CN2022142342W WO2023125538A1 WO 2023125538 A1 WO2023125538 A1 WO 2023125538A1 CN 2022142342 W CN2022142342 W CN 2022142342W WO 2023125538 A1 WO2023125538 A1 WO 2023125538A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
charging
charging control
replacement
station
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PCT/CN2022/142342
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴俊婵
Original Assignee
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
上海电巴新能源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023125538A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023125538A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/04—Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of battery replacement for vehicles, in particular to a charging control method, system, electronic equipment and storage medium.
  • the quick-change electric vehicle can meet the power supply demand of the quick-change electric vehicle by replacing the battery pack at the power station.
  • the charging mode of "replace and charge" is generally implemented in the battery swap station, that is, when the battery is replaced from the battery swap vehicle, the battery swap equipment will immediately send the replaced battery to an idle charging position to start charging.
  • the charging resources of the replacement station may be wasted; Too many have caused a lot of charging pressure on the power station.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art that if all rechargeable batteries adopt the charging mode of “replacement and charging”, the charging resources of the replacement station will be wasted, and the charging pressure will be caused to the replacement station.
  • the present invention provides a charging control method, the charging control method comprising:
  • the forecast data including a first battery supply state, a second battery supply state, a first battery replacement demand, and a second battery replacement demand;
  • the target battery exchange station has two kinds of batteries, namely the first battery and the second battery. Factors such as business needs lead to high requirements on charging time, so it needs to adopt a charging mode of "replace and charge”.
  • the target replacement station adopts different charging control methods for the two types of batteries. Specifically, the first battery is charged Charge control in advance, in this way, there is no need to adopt the battery replacement mode of "replace and charge", which can meet the needs of the first battery and save charging resources, and carry out instant charge control on the second battery to meet the needs of the second battery.
  • the charging time requirement of the battery, on the one hand, the present invention satisfies the charging time requirement of the specific battery, that is, the second battery, by the target power station on the one hand; pressure.
  • the second battery includes at least one of a set model battery, a battery with a preset identification, and a set user or user group replacement battery.
  • the factor that the second battery needs to be charged immediately can be determined according to the actual situation.
  • the second battery can be a battery whose charging speed is faster than that of the first battery.
  • the battery of the set model can be set as the second battery;
  • the second battery can also be a battery corresponding to a specific vehicle or user with a higher priority for battery replacement.
  • the battery with a preset identifier can be set as the second battery, or the battery corresponding to the user or user group can be set as the second battery. second battery.
  • various situations that require the charging speed of the second battery can be met.
  • the step of controlling the charging of the first battery in advance according to the supply state of the first battery and the replacement requirement of the first battery includes:
  • the charging control of the first battery can be effectively carried out in advance, so as to control the time when the first battery is charged and converted into a usable battery, so as to It is ensured that the available quantity of the first battery can meet the replacement requirement of the first battery.
  • the step of acquiring the forecast data of the target switching station in the first time period specifically includes:
  • the second time period is a time period before the first time period.
  • the future data (ie, the battery supply status and battery replacement demand in the first time period) can be predicted according to the historical data of the target battery swapping station itself (ie, the battery supply status and battery replacement demand in the second time period), While making full use of its own resources, it also improves the accuracy of forecasting.
  • the forecast data also includes the maximum electrical load of the target power exchange station, and after the step of performing instant charging control on the second battery according to the supply state of the second battery and the replacement demand of the second battery, further include:
  • the total charging power of the target switching station is controlled to be less than or equal to the maximum electric load.
  • the predicted data also includes the maximum electric load, which is the maximum power consumption under the condition that the target power exchange station guarantees safe operation.
  • the target power exchange station can be reduced
  • the charging pressure also improves the safety of charging.
  • the step of controlling the total charging power of the target switching station to be less than or equal to the maximum electric load specifically includes:
  • the batteries charged in the target switching station include both the first battery and the second battery, if the sum of the charging power is greater than the maximum electric load, reduce the charging power of the first battery and/or Or reduce the charging amount of the first battery.
  • the charging power and/or charging quantity of the first battery can be reduced, Under the condition that the safe operation of the target switching station is ensured, the second battery is preferentially charged, so as to satisfy the charging time requirement of the second battery first.
  • the second battery replacement requirement includes the vehicle's expected battery replacement time
  • the step of controlling the total charging power of the target battery replacement station to be less than or equal to the maximum electric load specifically includes:
  • the batteries charged in the target switching station only include the second battery, if the sum of the charging power is greater than the maximum electric load, reduce the charging power of the second battery whose battery replacement time is expected to be later than that of the vehicle And/or reduce the charging quantity of the second battery whose battery is expected to be replaced later in the vehicle.
  • the estimated battery replacement time is reduced by reducing the charging power or charging quantity of the second battery whose estimated battery replacement time is later.
  • the previous second battery is charged preferentially, so as to give priority to ensuring that the second battery with the earlier battery replacement time can meet the battery replacement demand, and enable as many second batteries as possible to complete charging.
  • the target switching station includes a non-24-hour switching station, and the non-24-hour switching station includes business hours and non-business hours.
  • the steps of performing advanced charging control on the first battery according to the battery replacement requirement include:
  • the charging control of the first battery is performed in advance according to the first battery replacement requirement.
  • the vehicles for a non-24-hour power station, there may be a large number of vehicles coming to change batteries when the power station starts operating, and the vehicles will replace a large number of batteries to be charged, and a large number of batteries in the target power station will be replaced.
  • the available battery can be replaced.
  • the "replacement and charging" mode is also adopted for a large number of vehicles during the period of operation.
  • the replaced first battery to be charged is charged to ensure that there is a sufficient supply of available first batteries thereafter.
  • the present invention also provides a charging control system, the charging control system comprising: a prediction data acquisition module, a first charging control module and a second charging control module;
  • the prediction data acquisition module is used to obtain the prediction data of the target battery swap station in the first time period, the prediction data includes the first battery supply state, the second battery supply state, the first battery replacement demand and the second battery replacement demand;
  • the first charging control module is used to control the charging of the first battery in advance according to the supply status of the first battery and the replacement requirement of the first battery;
  • the second charging control module is used for performing real-time charging control on the second battery according to the supply status of the second battery and the replacement requirement of the second battery.
  • the second battery includes at least one of a set model battery, a battery with a preset identification, and a set user or user group replacement battery.
  • the first charging control module is used to determine the charging start time and/or charging speed of the first battery in the target switching station.
  • the forecast data acquisition module includes a historical data acquisition unit and a forecast data determination unit;
  • the historical data acquisition unit is used to acquire the historical data of the target switching station in the second time period
  • the forecast data determining unit is configured to determine the forecast data of the first time period according to the historical data of the second time period;
  • the second time period is a time period before the first time period.
  • the predicted data also includes the maximum electrical load of the target power exchange station
  • the charging control system further includes a load control module
  • the second charging control module also calls the load control module, the load The control module is used to control the total charging power of the target switching station to be less than or equal to the maximum electric load.
  • the load control module is specifically configured to: when the batteries charged in the target switching station include both the first battery and the second battery, if the sum of the charging power is greater than the maximum power load, reducing the charging power of the first battery and/or reducing the charging quantity of the first battery.
  • the load control module is further configured to reduce the charging power sum if the charging power sum is greater than the maximum electric load when the batteries charged in the target switching station only include the second battery.
  • the target switching station includes a non-24-hour switching station, and the non-24-hour switching station includes business hours and non-business hours, and the first charging control module further includes an advance charging control unit and an instant charging control unit. charging control unit;
  • the advance charging control unit is used to perform instant charging control on the first battery according to the first battery replacement requirement from the business hours of the non-24-hour battery swapping station to a preset time;
  • the instant charging control unit is used to control the charging of the first battery in advance according to the first battery replacement requirement from the preset time of the non-24-hour battery swapping station to the end of business time.
  • the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and operable on the processor, when the processor executes the computer program, the charging described in any one of the above is realized Control Method.
  • the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the charging control method described in any one of the above items is realized.
  • the positive progress effect of the present invention is: in the present invention, different charging control strategies are adopted for the first battery and the second battery according to different charging requirements, and the charging control of the first battery is carried out in advance. In this way, the charging time requirement is shorter
  • the high second battery adopts the battery replacement mode of "replacement and charging", and performs real-time charging control on the second battery to meet the business needs of the second battery.
  • For the first battery that does not require a high charging time it adopts early charging control. In this way, the charging resources of the battery swapping station are allocated reasonably, and the battery swapping pressure is reduced as a whole.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a charging control method in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an implementation manner of step 101 in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an implementation manner of step 101 in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a flow chart when the forecast data includes the maximum electric load in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a charging control system in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of modules of the electronic device in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the terms “have”, “may have”, “include” or “may include” indicate the existence of corresponding functions, operations, elements, etc. of the present disclosure, and do not limit other one or more The existence of a function, operation, element, etc.
  • the term “comprising” or “having” as used herein indicates the presence of features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components or combinations thereof described in the specification, but does not exclude one or more Existence or addition of other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components or combinations thereof.
  • a or B As used herein, the term “A or B”, “at least one of A and/or B” or “one or more of A and/or B” includes the words listed together Any and all combinations.
  • “A or B,” “at least one of A and B,” or “at least one of A or B” means that (1) includes at least one of A, (2) includes at least one of B, or (3) includes Both at least one A and at least one B.
  • This embodiment provides a charging control method.
  • the charging control method is used to charge and control the batteries in the target power exchange station.
  • the target power exchange station includes at least two types of batteries.
  • the first type of battery is an ordinary battery, that is, the first Battery
  • the second type of battery is a "rechargeable battery” type battery, that is, the second battery.
  • the second battery needs to be replaced due to prior agreement with the user, in order to meet the needs of the replacement station itself, the performance requirements of the battery itself, etc. Charge the vehicle as soon as it is changed.
  • the second battery includes a battery with a set model, a battery with a preset logo, a set user or user group Replace at least one of the batteries.
  • the battery with the set model can be set as the second battery
  • the battery with the preset logo can be set as the second battery
  • the battery corresponding to the user or user group can be set as the second battery , thereby improving the flexibility of setting the second battery.
  • the charging control method in this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • Step 101 Obtain forecast data of a target power station in a first time period.
  • the forecast data includes the first battery supply status, the second battery supply status, the first battery replacement requirement and the second battery replacement requirement.
  • step 101 may include the following steps:
  • Step 1011 acquiring the historical data of the target switching station in the second time period.
  • Step 1012. Determine the forecast data of the first time period according to the historical data of the second time period.
  • the historical data may specifically include the historical first battery supply state, the historical second battery supply state, the historical first battery replacement demand, and the historical second battery replacement demand.
  • the historical data can be obtained from data such as the battery swap log of the target swap station, and the second time period can be the same as the first time period, or longer than the first time period. For example, if you need to predict the forecast data for the next day, you can obtain the historical data of the week before the next day, average these data, or use other preset calculation methods to get the forecast data for the next day.
  • the future data can be predicted based on the historical data of the target power station itself, which can make full use of its own resources and improve the accuracy of prediction.
  • historical data of other similar or adjacent switching stations may also be selected to predict the battery replacement demand of the target switching station.
  • Step 102 performing advanced charging control on the first battery according to the supply status of the first battery and the replacement requirement of the first battery.
  • the first battery supply status includes the number of available batteries, the number of batteries to be charged and the remaining power of each battery to be charged, the available battery is a battery whose remaining power reaches the power threshold, and the battery to be charged is a battery whose remaining power has not reached the power threshold
  • the specific value of the power threshold can be determined according to the actual situation. For example, 98% of the battery's full charge can be generally used as the power threshold.
  • the battery replacement requirement of the target replacement station includes: the number of batteries to be replaced. In step 102, it can be judged whether the battery supply status meets the battery replacement requirement by comparing the number of available batteries with the number of batteries to be replaced.
  • the batteries to be charged are charged in advance to convert the batteries to be charged into usable batteries until the number of usable batteries meets the number of batteries to be replaced; and when the number of usable batteries meets the number of batteries to be replaced When it is confirmed that the number of available batteries satisfies the number of batteries to be replaced, there is no need to perform charge control on the first battery in advance.
  • step 102 may specifically include the steps of: determining the charging start time and/or charging speed of the first battery in the target battery exchange station to control the charging of the first battery, for example, the number of batteries to be replaced at 15:00 is 4 blocks, but the number of available batteries is only 2, then you can get the remaining power of each battery to be charged at this time, and calculate the time to convert to a usable battery according to the remaining power (further, you can calculate the time to convert to a usable battery at different charging speeds) battery time), to determine how far ahead and at what speed to charge the 2 batteries to be charged so that they can be converted into usable batteries before 15:00.
  • the target switching station may be a non-24-hour switching station.
  • the non-24-hour switching station is characterized by not operating continuously. It is divided into business hours and non-business hours in a day. Generally speaking, at the beginning of business every day, there will be a large number of battery-swapping cars waiting for battery replacement to go to non-24-hour battery-swapping stations for battery replacement. Therefore, in this scenario, as shown in Figure 3, step 102 can specifically be Include the following steps:
  • Step 1021 from the business hours of the non-24-hour power station to the preset time, perform real-time charging control on the first battery according to the first battery replacement requirement;
  • Step 1022 From the preset time of the non-24-hour battery swapping station to the end of business time, perform advanced charging control on the first battery according to the first battery replacement requirement.
  • Step 103 performing real-time charging control on the second battery according to the supply status of the second battery and the replacement requirement of the second battery.
  • the second battery has higher requirements on charging time due to factors such as battery type and business demand. Therefore, although the first battery in the target battery swap station can perform charging control according to the prediction of future battery swap needs, but for the second battery The second battery will continue to use the charging control method of instant replacement, so as to save charging resources and reduce the charging pressure of the replacement station, and can also meet the charging time requirements of the second battery.
  • the forecast data in step 101 also includes the maximum electrical load of the target power exchange station, as shown in Figure 4, after step 103, the following steps may be further included:
  • Step 104 controlling the sum of the charging power of the target switching station to be less than or equal to the maximum electric load.
  • the maximum electric load indicates the maximum power that the target power exchange station can carry under the condition of ensuring safe operation.
  • the target power exchange station can be reduced.
  • the charging pressure also improves the safety of charging.
  • step 104 may include the step of: when the batteries charged in the target switching station include both the first battery and the second battery, if the sum of the charging power is greater than the maximum electric load, reduce the charging power of the first battery and/or reduce The charge amount of the first battery.
  • the charging power and/or charging quantity of the first battery can be reduced , under the condition that the target switching station is ensured to ensure safe operation, the second battery is preferentially charged, so as to preferentially meet the charging time requirement of the second battery.
  • Step 104 may also include the step of: when the battery charged in the target battery replacement station only includes the second battery, if the total charging power is greater than the maximum electric load, reduce the charging power and/or Reduce the charging quantity of the second battery after the vehicle is expected to replace the battery.
  • the expected battery replacement time is reduced by reducing the charging power or charging quantity of the second battery whose battery replacement time is expected to be later.
  • the second battery with the earlier time is charged first, so as to give priority to ensuring that the second battery with the earlier battery replacement time can meet the battery replacement demand, and enable as many second batteries as possible to complete charging.
  • step 104 may also include a step: when the batteries charged in the target power exchange station only include the first battery, the total battery capacity of the target power exchange station may be reduced by reducing the charging power and/or the charging quantity of the first battery. load to reduce the charging pressure of the target power station.
  • the charging control system includes: a prediction data acquisition module 201 , a first charging control module 202 and a second charging control module 203 .
  • the prediction data acquisition module 201 is used to obtain the prediction data of the target switching station in the first time period, the prediction data includes the first battery supply status, the second battery supply status, the first battery replacement demand and the second battery replacement demand;
  • the first charging control module 202 is configured to control the charging of the first battery in advance according to the supply status of the first battery and the replacement requirement of the first battery;
  • the second charging control module 203 is used for performing real-time charging control on the second battery according to the supply status of the second battery and the replacement requirement of the second battery.
  • the forecast data also includes the maximum electric load of the target power exchange station
  • the charging control system further includes a load control module 204
  • the second charging control module also uses the load control module 204
  • the load control module 204 is used to The total charging power of the control target switching station is less than or equal to the maximum electric load.
  • This embodiment provides an electronic device, which can be expressed in the form of a computing device (for example, it can be a server device), including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and operable on the processor, wherein the processor
  • the charging control method in Embodiment 1 can be realized when the computer program is executed.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of this embodiment.
  • the electronic device 9 specifically includes:
  • At least one processor 91 at least one memory 92, and a bus 93 for connecting different system components, including the processor 91 and the memory 92, wherein:
  • the bus 93 includes a data bus, an address bus, and a control bus.
  • the memory 92 includes a volatile memory, such as a random access memory (RAM) 921 and/or a cache memory 922 , and may further include a read only memory (ROM) 923 .
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • Memory 92 also includes programs/utilities 925 having a set (at least one) of program modules 924 including, but not limited to, an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, examples of which are Each or some combination of these may include implementations of network environments.
  • the processor 91 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the computer program stored in the memory 92, such as the charging control method in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Electronic device 9 may further communicate with one or more external devices 94 (eg, keyboards, pointing devices, etc.). Such communication may occur through input/output (I/O) interface 95 .
  • the electronic device 9 can also communicate with one or more networks (such as a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN) and/or a public network such as the Internet) through the network adapter 96 .
  • Network adapter 96 communicates with other modules of electronic device 9 via bus 93 .
  • other hardware and/or software modules may be used in conjunction with electronic device 9, including but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processors, external disk drive arrays, RAID (array of disks) systems, tape drives, and data backup storage systems.
  • This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the charging control method in Embodiment 1 is implemented.
  • the readable storage medium may more specifically include but not limited to: portable disk, hard disk, random access memory, read-only memory, erasable programmable read-only memory, optical storage device, magnetic storage device or any of the above-mentioned the right combination.
  • the present invention can also be implemented in the form of a program product, which includes program code, and when the program product runs on a terminal device, the program code is used to make the terminal device execute The charging control method in Embodiment 1.
  • the program code for executing the present invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, and the program code can be completely executed on the user equipment, partially executed on the user equipment, or used as an independent
  • the package executes, partly on the user device and partly on the remote device, or entirely on the remote device.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种充电控制方法、***、电子设备及存储介质，该方法包括获取目标换电站在第一时间周期的预测数据；根据所述第一电池供应状态及所述第一电池更换需求对第一电池进行提前充电控制；根据所述第二电池供应状态及所述第二电池更换需求对第二电池进行即时充电控制。本发明中，对第一电池进行提前充电控制，这种方式下，对于充电时间要求较高的第二电池采取"换下即充"的换电模式，对第二电池进行即时充电控制，满足第二电池的充电时间需求，而对于充电时间要求不高的第一电池采取提前充电控制，从而合理分配换电站的充电资源，在整体上减小了换电压力。

Description

充电控制方法、***、电子设备及存储介质
本申请要求申请日为2021/12/30的中国专利申请2021116591016的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆换电领域，特别涉及一种充电控制方法、***、电子设备及存储介质。
背景技术
快换式电动汽车可以通过在换电站更换电池包的方式来满足快换式电动汽车的供电需求。在目前换电站一般实行“换下即充”的充电模式，即当电池从换电车辆换下，换电设备立即将换下电池送到空闲的充电仓位开启充电。
若换电站中的所有充电电池都采取“换下即充”的充电模式，一方面，可能会浪费换电站的充电资源；另一方面，在换电高峰时期可能由于换下的待充电电池的数量过多，给换电站造成了很大的充电压力。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中若所有充电电池都采取“换下即充”的充电模式，则会浪费换电站充电资源，给换电站造成很大的充电压力的缺陷，提供一种节约充电资源、降低充电压力的充电控制方法、***、电子设备及存储介质。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题：
本发明提供了一种充电控制方法，所述充电控制方法包括：
获取目标换电站在第一时间周期的预测数据，所述预测数据包括第一电池供应状态、第二电池供应状态、第一电池更换需求及第二电池更换需求；
根据所述第一电池供应状态及所述第一电池更换需求对第一电池进行提前充电控制；
根据所述第二电池供应状态及所述第二电池更换需求对第二电池进行即时充电控制。
本发明中，目标换电站具有两种电池，即第一电池及第二电池，第一电池为普通电池，第二电池为“换下即充”类型的电池，第二电池一般由于电池种类、业务需求等因素导致对充电时间要求较高，因此其需要采取“换下即充”的充电模式，目标换电站对这两类电池采取不同的充电控制方式，具体而言，对第一电池进行提前充电控制，这种方式下，不需要采取“换下即充”的换电模式，则可以满足第一电池的需求，节约了充电资源，而对第二电池进行即时充电控制，满足第二电池的充电时间需求，综合来看，本发明一方面满足了目标换电站对特定电池，即第二电池的充电时间需求，另一方面也从整体上节约了换电资源，减小了换电压力。
较佳地，所述第二电池包括设定型号的电池、具有预设标识的电池、设定用户或用户组更换的电池中的至少一种。
本发明中，第二电池需要进行即时充电的因素可以根据实际情况确定，例如第二电池可以为充电速度比第一电池快的电池，此时可以将设定型号的电池设置为第二电池；第二电池还可以为换电优先级较高的特定车辆或用户对应的电池，此时可以将具有预设标识的电池设置为第二电池、或将设定用户或用户组所对应的电池作为第二电池。由此，可以满足各种对第二电池充电速度有要求的情况。
较佳地，根据所述第一电池供应状态及所述第一电池更换需求对第一电池进行提前充电控制的步骤包括：
确定目标换电站中所述第一电池的充电开始时间和/或充电速度。
本发明中，通过确定目标换电站中待充电池的充电开始时间和/或充电速度，可以有效对第一电池进行提前充电控制，从而对第一电池充电转换为可用电池的时间进行控制，以保证第一电池的可用数量可以满足第一电池更换需求。
较佳地，所述获取目标换电站在第一时间周期的预测数据的步骤具体包括：
获取所述目标换电站在第二时间周期的历史数据；
根据所述第二时间周期的历史数据确定所述第一时间周期的预测数据；
其中，所述第二时间周期为所述第一时间周期之前的时间周期。
本发明中，可以根据目标换电站自身的历史数据(即第二时间周期的电池供应状态及电池更换需求)对未来的数据进行预测(即第一时间周期的电池供应状态及电池更换需求)，在充分利用自身资源的同时，也提高预测的准确度。
较佳地，所述预测数据还包括所述目标换电站的最大电负荷，所述根据所述第二电池供应状态及所述第二电池更换需求对第二电池进行即时充电控制的步骤后还包括：
控制所述目标换电站的充电功率总和小于或等于所述最大电负荷。
本发明中，预测数据还包括最大电负荷，最大电负荷为目标换电站保证安全运行情况下的最大用电功率，通过控制目标换电站的充电功率总和小于或等于最大电负荷，可以减少目标换电站的充电压力，也提高了充电的安全性。
较佳地，控制所述目标换电站的充电功率总和小于或等于所述最大电负荷的步骤具体包括：
当所述目标换电站中充电的电池同时包括所述第一电池及所述第二电池时，若所述充电功率总和大于所述最大电负荷，减小所述第一电池的充电功率和/或减少所述第一电池的充电数量。
本发明中，当目标换电站的充电总功率大于最大电负荷，且此时同时在充第一电池及第二电池，则可以通过减小第一电池的充电功率和/或充电数量的方式，在保证目标换电站保证安全运行的情况下，优先对第二电池进行充电，以优先满足第二电池的充电时间需求。
较佳地，所述第二电池更换需求包括车辆预计换电时间，控制所述目标换电站的充电功率总和小于或等于所述最大电负荷的步骤具体包括：
当所述目标换电站中充电的电池仅包括所述第二电池时，若所述充电功率总和大于所述最大电负荷，减小所述车辆预计换电时间在后的第二电池的充电功率和/或减少所述车辆预计换电时间在后的第二电池的充电数量。
本发明中，当充电功率总和大于最大电负荷且控制充电的电池仅包括第 二电池时，通过减少车辆预计换电时间在后的第二电池的充电功率或充电数量的方式使预计换电时间在前的第二电池优先充电，从而优先保证换电时间在前的第二电池可以满足换电需求，且使尽可能多的第二电池能够完成充电。
较佳地，所述目标换电站包括非二十四小时换电站，所述非二十四小时换电站包括营业时间及非营业时间，所述根据所述第一电池供应状态及所述第一电池更换需求对第一电池进行提前充电控制的步骤包括：
从所述非二十四小时换电站的营业时间开始至预设时间，根据所述第一电池更换需求对所述第一电池进行即时充电控制；
从所述非二十四小时换电站的所述预设时间至营业结束时间，根据所述第一电池更换需求对所述第一电池进行提前充电控制。
本发明中，对于非二十四小时换电站而言，在换电站刚开始营业时可能会有大量的辆过来换电，车辆将大量的待充电池换下，而将目标换电站中大量的可用电池换上，为了保证后续营业的过程中，有充足的可用电池可以供后续换电的车辆使用，在营业开始的一段时间内，也采取“换下即充”的模式来对大量被车辆换下的待充的第一电池充电，以保证之后能供应足够的可用的第一电池。
本发明还提供了一种充电控制***，所述充电控制***包括：预测数据获取模块、第一充电控制模块及第二充电控制模块；
所述预测数据获取模块用于获取目标换电站在第一时间周期的预测数据，所述预测数据包括第一电池供应状态、第二电池供应状态、第一电池更换需求及第二电池更换需求；
所述第一充电控制模块用于根据所述第一电池供应状态及所述第一电池更换需求对第一电池进行提前充电控制；
所述第二充电控制模块用于根据所述第二电池供应状态及所述第二电池更换需求对第二电池进行即时充电控制。
较佳地，所述第二电池包括设定型号的电池、具有预设标识的电池、设定用户或用户组更换的电池中的至少一种。
较佳地，所述第一充电控制模块用于确定目标换电站中所述第一电池的充电开始时间和/或充电速度。
较佳地，所述预测数据获取模块包括历史数据获取单元及预测数据确定单元；
所述历史数据获取单元用于获取所述目标换电站在第二时间周期的历史数据；
所述预测数据确定单元用于根据所述第二时间周期的历史数据确定所述第一时间周期的预测数据；
其中，所述第二时间周期为所述第一时间周期之前的时间周期。
较佳地，所述预测数据还包括所述目标换电站的最大电负荷，所述充电控制***还包括负荷控制模块，所述第二充电控制模块还用调用所述负荷控制模块，所述负荷控制模块用于控制所述目标换电站的充电功率总和小于或等于所述最大电负荷。
较佳地，所述负荷控制模块具体用于当所述所述目标换电站中充电的电池同时包括所述第一电池及所述第二电池时，若所述充电功率总和大于所述最大电负荷，减小所述第一电池的充电功率和/或减少所述第一电池的充电数量。
较佳地，所述负荷控制模块还用于当所述所述目标换电站中充电的电池仅包括所述第二电池时，若所述充电功率总和大于所述最大电负荷，减小所述车辆预计换电时间在后的第二电池的充电功率和/或减少所述车辆预计换电时间在后的第二电池的充电数量。
较佳地，所述目标换电站包括非二十四小时换电站，所述非二十四小时换电站包括营业时间及非营业时间，所述第一充电控制模块还包括提前充电控制单元及即时充电控制单元；
所述提前充电控制单元用于从所述非二十四小时换电站的营业时间开始至预设时间，根据所述第一电池更换需求对所述第一电池进行即时充电控制；
所述即时充电控制单元用于从所述非二十四小时换电站的所述预设时间至营业结束时间，根据所述第一电池更换需求对所述第一电池进行提前充电控制。
本发明还提供了一种电子设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上 并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如上任一项所述的充电控制方法。
本发明还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上任一项所述的充电控制方法。
本发明的积极进步效果在于：本发明中，根据不同充电要求的第一电池及第二电池采取不同的充电控制策略，对第一电池进行提前充电控制，这种方式下，对于充电时间要求较高的第二电池采取“换下即充”的换电模式，对第二电池进行即时充电控制，满足第二电池的业务需求，而对于充电时间要求不高的第一电池采取提前充电控制，从而合理分配换电站的充电资源，在整体上减小了换电压力。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中充电控制方法的流程图。
图2为本发明实施例1中步骤101的实现方式的流程图。
图3为本发明实施例1中步骤101的实现方式的流程图。
图4为本发明实施例1中预测数据包括最大电负荷时的流程图。
图5为本发明实施例2中充电控制***的模块示意图。
图6为本发明实施例3中电子设备的模块示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解，下面先对实施例中常出现的术语进行解释：
【包括的定义】如这里所使用的术语“具有”、“可以具有”、“包括”或“可以包括”指示本公开的相应功能、操作、元件等的存在，并且不限制其它的一个或多个功能、操作、元件等的存在。此外应当理解到，如这里所使用的术语“包括”或“具有”是指示在说明书中所描述的特点、数字、步骤、操作、元件、部件或其组合的存在，而不排除一个或多个其它特点、数字、步骤、操作、元件、部件或其组合的存在或增加。
【和/或的定义】如这里所使用的术语“A或B”、“A和/或B的至少之一”或“A和/或B的一个或多个”包括与其一起列举的单词的任意和所有 组合。例如，“A或B”、“A和B的至少之一”或“A或B的至少之一”意味着(1)包括至少一个A，(2)包括至少一个B，或(3)包括至少一个A和至少一个B两者。
【第一、第二的定义】本申请实施例中出现的第一、第二等描述，仅作示意与区分描述对象之用，没有次序之分，也不表示本申请实施例中对设备个数的特别限定，不能构成对本申请实施例的任何限制。例如，可以将第一元件称为第二元件，而没脱离本公开的范围，类似地，可以将第二元件称为第一元件。
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种充电控制方法，该充电控制方法用于对目标换电站中的电池进行充电控制，目标换电站包括至少两种类型的电池，第一种电池为普通电池，即第一电池，第二种电池为“换下即充”类型的电池，即第二电池，第二电池由于与用户事先约定、为了满足换电站自身的需求、电池自身性能的要求等原因需要从换电车辆换下时立即对其进行充电。
具体而言，本实施例中，有有多种方式可以灵活地区分第一电池和第二电池，即第二电池包括设定型号的电池、具有预设标识的电池、设定用户或用户组更换的电池中的至少一种。
本实施例中，通过上述方式，可以将设定型号的电池设置为第二电池、将具有预设标识的电池设置为第二电池、将设定用户或用户组所对应的电池作为第二电池，由此，提高了第二电池设置的灵活度。通过区分第一电池和第二电池可以确保满足第二电池“换下即充”的要求。
如图1所示，本实施例中的充电控制方法包括以下步骤：
步骤101、获取目标换电站在第一时间周期的预测数据。
其中，预测数据包括第一电池供应状态、第二电池供应状态、第一电池更换需求及第二电池更换需求。
本实施例中，可以通过目标换电站的历史数据来获取其预测数据，具体来说，如图2所示，步骤101可以包括以下步骤：
步骤1011、获取目标换电站在第二时间周期的历史数据。
步骤1012、根据第二时间周期的历史数据确定第一时间周期的预测数据。
其中，历史数据具体可以包括历史第一电池供应状态、历史第二电池供应状态、历史第一电池更换需求及历史第二电池更换需求。历史数据可以通过目标换电站的换电日志等数据获取，第二时间周期可以与第一时间周期的时长相同，也可以长于第一时间周期的时长。比如说，需要预测第二天的预测数据，则可以获取第二天之前的一个星期的历史数据，对这些数据求均值，或者其他的预设计算方法来得到第二天的预测数据。
通过这种方式，可以根据目标换电站自身的历史数据对未来的数据进行预测，可以充分利用自身资源的同时，也提高预测的准确度。在其他可选的实施方式中，在缺少目标换电站的历史数据等情况下，也可以选择其他同类型或位置邻近的换电站的历史数据用于预测目标换电站的电池更换需求。
步骤102、根据第一电池供应状态及第一电池更换需求对第一电池进行提前充电控制。
其中，第一电池供应状态包括可用电池的数量、待充电池的数量及每一待充电池的剩余电量，可用电池为剩余电量达到电量阈值的电池，待充电池为剩余电量未达到电量阈值的电池，电量阈值的具体数值可以根据实际情况确定，例如一般可以将电池满电电量的98％作为电量阈值。目标换电站的电池更换需求包括：待更换电池的数量，在步骤102中，可以通过可用电池的数量及待更换电池的数量的比较来判断电池供应状态是否满足电池更换需求，当可用电池的数量不满足待更换电池的数量时，则对待充电池进行提前充电以使待充电池转换成可用电池，直至可用电池的数量满足待更换电池的数量；而当可用电池的数量满足待更换电池的数量时，确认可用电池的数量满足待更换电池的数量，则无需对第一电池进行提前充电控制。
具体来说，步骤102可以具体包括步骤：确定目标换电站中第一电池的充电开始时间和/或充电速度来对第一电池进行充电控制，比如说，在15点待更换电池的数量为4块，但可用电池的数量只有2块，则可以得到此时各个待充电电池的剩余电量，根据剩余电量来计算转换为可用电池的时间(进 一步的，可以计算在不同的充电速度下转换为可用电池的时间)，以此来确定需要提前多久，以多少速度来对2块待充电池进行充电控制以使其在15点前转换为可用电池。
本实施例中，通过确定目标换电站中待充电池的充电开始时间和/或充电速度，可以有效对第一电池进行提前充电控制，以控制待充的第一电池充电转换为可用电池的时间，从而保证第一电池可以满足第一电池更换需求。
在一种具体的实施方式中，目标换电站可能为非二十四小时换电站，非二十四小时换电站的特点在于并非持续营业，其在一天中分为营业时间及非营业时间，一般来说，每天在刚开始营业时，会有大量等待换电的换电汽车前往非二十四小时换电站进行换电，因此，在这种场景下，如图3所示，步骤102具体可以包括以下步骤：
步骤1021、从非二十四小时换电站的营业时间开始至预设时间，根据第一电池更换需求对第一电池进行即时充电控制；
步骤1022、从非二十四小时换电站的预设时间至营业结束时间，根据第一电池更换需求对第一电池进行提前充电控制。
本实施例中中，对于非二十四小时换电站而言，在换电站刚开始营业时，大量等待换电的车辆，将大量的待充电池换下，而将目标换电站中大量的可用电池换上，此时，目标换电站会增加大量的待充电池，因此，为了保证后续营业的过程中，有充足的可用电池可以供后续换电的车辆使用，在营业开始的一段时间内，也可以采取“换下即充”的模式来对大量被车辆换下的待充的第一电池充电，在各个第一电池的电量满足一定条件后，再执行提前充电的策略，以保证目标换电站在营业时间能供应足够的可用的第一电池。
步骤103、根据第二电池供应状态及第二电池更换需求对第二电池进行即时充电控制。
本实施例中，第二电池由于电池种类、业务需求等因素导致对充电时间要求较高，因此虽然目标换电站中的第一电池可以根据对未来的换电需求预测行充电控制，但对于第二电池，则继续采用即换即充的充电控制方式，从而在节约充电资源、降低换电站的充电压力的情况下，也能够满足第二电池的充电时间需求。
在一种优选的实施方式中，步骤101中的预测数据还包括目标换电站的最大电负荷，如图4所示，步骤103之后还可以进一步包括以下步骤：
步骤104、控制目标换电站的充电功率总和小于或等于最大电负荷。
其中最大电负荷表示目标换电站在保证安全运行的情况下，所能承载的最大用电功率，本实施例中，通过控制目标换电站的充电功率总和小于或等于最大电负荷，可以减少目标换电站的充电压力，也提高了充电的安全性。
具体而言，步骤104可以包括步骤：当目标换电站中充电的电池同时包括第一电池及第二电池时，若充电功率总和大于最大电负荷，减小第一电池的充电功率和/或减少第一电池的充电数量。
本实施例中，当目标换电站的充电总功率大于最大电负荷，且此时同时在充第一电池及第二电池，则可以通过减小第一电池的充电功率和/或充电数量的方式，在保证目标换电站保证安全运行的情况下，优先对第二电池进行充电，以优先满足第二电池的充电时间需求。
步骤104还可以包括步骤：当目标换电站中充电的电池仅包括第二电池时，若充电功率总和大于最大电负荷，减小车辆预计换电时间在后的第二电池的充电功率和/或减少车辆预计换电时间在后的第二电池的充电数量。
本实施例中，当充电功率总和大于最大电负荷且控制充电的电池仅包括第二电池时，通过减少车辆预计换电时间在后的第二电池的充电功率或充电数量的方式使预计换电时间在前的第二电池优先充电，从而优先保证换电时间在前的第二电池可以满足换电需求，且使尽可能多的第二电池能够完成充电。
当然，步骤104还可以包括步骤：当目标换电站中充电的电池仅包括第一电池时，可以通过减小第一电池的充电功率和/或充电数量的方式来降低目标换电站的总的电负荷，以降低目标换电站的充电压力。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种充电控制***，如图5所示，该充电控制***包括：预测数据获取模块201、第一充电控制模块202及第二充电控制模块203。
预测数据获取模块201用于获取目标换电站在第一时间周期的预测数 据，预测数据包括第一电池供应状态、第二电池供应状态、第一电池更换需求及第二电池更换需求；
第一充电控制模块202用于根据第一电池供应状态及第一电池更换需求对第一电池进行提前充电控制；
第二充电控制模块203用于根据第二电池供应状态及第二电池更换需求对第二电池进行即时充电控制。
在一种具体的实施方式中，预测数据还包括目标换电站的最大电负荷，充电控制***还包括负荷控制模块204，第二充电控制模块还用调用负荷控制模块204，负荷控制模块204用于控制目标换电站的充电功率总和小于或等于最大电负荷。
本实施例中，各个模块的实现方式及技术效果都可以参考实施例1中对应的实现方式及技术效果，此处便不再赘述。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种电子设备，电子设备可以通过计算设备的形式表现(例如可以为服务器设备)，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，其中处理器执行计算机程序时可以实现实施例1中充电控制方法。
图6示出了本实施例的硬件结构示意图，如图6所示，电子设备9具体包括：
至少一个处理器91、至少一个存储器92以及用于连接不同***组件(包括处理器91和存储器92)的总线93，其中：
总线93包括数据总线、地址总线和控制总线。
存储器92包括易失性存储器，例如随机存取存储器(RAM)921和/或高速缓存存储器922，还可以进一步包括只读存储器(ROM)923。
存储器92还包括具有一组(至少一个)程序模块924的程序/实用工具925，这样的程序模块924包括但不限于：操作***、一个或者多个应用程序、其它程序模块以及程序数据，这些示例中的每一个或某种组合中可能包括网络环境的实现。
处理器91通过运行存储在存储器92中的计算机程序，从而执行各种功 能应用以及数据处理，例如本发明实施例1中充电控制方法。
电子设备9进一步可以与一个或多个外部设备94(例如键盘、指向设备等)通信。这种通信可以通过输入/输出(I/O)接口95进行。并且，电子设备9还可以通过网络适配器96与一个或者多个网络(例如局域网(LAN)，广域网(WAN)和/或公共网络，例如因特网)通信。网络适配器96通过总线93与电子设备9的其它模块通信。应当明白，尽管图中未示出，可以结合电子设备9使用其它硬件和/或软件模块，包括但不限于：微代码、设备驱动器、冗余处理器、外部磁盘驱动阵列、RAID(磁盘阵列)***、磁带驱动器以及数据备份存储***等。
应当注意，尽管在上文详细描述中提及了电子设备的若干单元/模块或子单元/模块，但是这种划分仅仅是示例性的并非强制性的。实际上，根据本申请的实施方式，上文描述的两个或更多单元/模块的特征和功能可以在一个单元/模块中具体化。反之，上文描述的一个单元/模块的特征和功能可以进一步划分为由多个单元/模块来具体化。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，所述程序被处理器执行时实现实施例1中充电控制方法。
其中，可读存储介质可以采用的更具体可以包括但不限于：便携式盘、硬盘、随机存取存储器、只读存储器、可擦拭可编程只读存储器、光存储器件、磁存储器件或上述的任意合适的组合。
在可能的实施方式中，本发明还可以实现为一种程序产品的形式，其包括程序代码，当所述程序产品在终端设备上运行时，所述程序代码用于使所述终端设备执行实现实施例1中充电控制方法。
其中，可以以一种或多种程序设计语言的任意组合来编写用于执行本发明的程序代码，所述程序代码可以完全地在用户设备上执行、部分地在用户设备上执行、作为一个独立的软件包执行、部分在用户设备上部分在远程设备上执行或完全在远程设备上执行。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这仅是举例说明，本发明的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领 域的技术人员在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改，但这些变更和修改均落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述充电控制方法包括：
    获取目标换电站在第一时间周期的预测数据，所述预测数据包括第一电池供应状态、第二电池供应状态、第一电池更换需求及第二电池更换需求；
    根据所述第一电池供应状态及所述第一电池更换需求对第一电池进行提前充电控制；
    根据所述第二电池供应状态及所述第二电池更换需求对第二电池进行即时充电控制。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述第二电池包括设定型号的电池、具有预设标识的电池、设定用户或用户组更换的电池中的至少一种。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，根据所述第一电池供应状态及所述第一电池更换需求对第一电池进行提前充电控制的步骤包括：
    确定目标换电站中所述第一电池的充电开始时间和/或充电速度。
  4. 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述获取目标换电站在第一时间周期的预测数据的步骤具体包括：
    获取所述目标换电站在第二时间周期的历史数据；
    根据所述第二时间周期的历史数据确定所述第一时间周期的预测数据；
    其中，所述第二时间周期为所述第一时间周期之前的时间周期。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述预测数据还包括所述目标换电站的最大电负荷，所述根据所述第二电池供应状态及所述第二电池更换需求对第二电池进行即时充电控制的步骤后还包括：
    控制所述目标换电站的充电功率总和小于或等于所述最大电负荷。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，控制所述目标换电站的充电功率总和小于或等于所述最大电负荷的步骤具体包括：
    当所述目标换电站中充电的电池同时包括所述第一电池及所述第二电池时，若所述充电功率总和大于所述最大电负荷，减小所述第一电池的充电功率和/或减少所述第一电池的充电数量。
  7. 如权利要求5或6所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述第二电池更换需求包括车辆预计换电时间，控制所述目标换电站的充电功率总和小于或等于所述最大电负荷的步骤具体包括：
    当所述目标换电站中充电的电池仅包括所述第二电池时，若所述充电功率总和大于所述最大电负荷，减小所述车辆预计换电时间在后的第二电池的充电功率和/或减少所述车辆预计换电时间在后的第二电池的充电数量。
  8. 如权利要求1-7任一项所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述目标换电站包括非二十四小时换电站，所述非二十四小时换电站包括营业时间及非营业时间，所述根据所述第一电池供应状态及所述第一电池更换需求对第一电池进行提前充电控制的步骤包括：
    从所述非二十四小时换电站的营业时间开始至预设时间，根据所述第一电池更换需求对所述第一电池进行即时充电控制；
    从所述非二十四小时换电站的所述预设时间至营业结束时间，根据所述第一电池更换需求对所述第一电池进行提前充电控制。
  9. 一种充电控制***，其特征在于，所述充电控制***包括：预测数据获取模块、第一充电控制模块及第二充电控制模块；
    所述预测数据获取模块用于获取目标换电站在第一时间周期的预测数据，所述预测数据包括第一电池供应状态、第二电池供应状态、第一电池更换需求及第二电池更换需求；
    所述第一充电控制模块用于根据所述第一电池供应状态及所述第一电池更换需求对第一电池进行提前充电控制；
    所述第二充电控制模块用于根据所述第二电池供应状态及所述第二电池更换需求对第二电池进行即时充电控制。
  10. 一种电子设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现权利要求1至8任一项所述的充电控制方法。
  11. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至8任一项所述的充电控制方法。
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