WO2023124885A1 - Antenna, array antenna and electronic device - Google Patents
Antenna, array antenna and electronic device Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023124885A1 WO2023124885A1 PCT/CN2022/137687 CN2022137687W WO2023124885A1 WO 2023124885 A1 WO2023124885 A1 WO 2023124885A1 CN 2022137687 W CN2022137687 W CN 2022137687W WO 2023124885 A1 WO2023124885 A1 WO 2023124885A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
- H01Q13/0208—Corrugated horns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
Definitions
- the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of antennas, and in particular, to an antenna, an array antenna, and an electronic device.
- waveguide antennas Due to the advantages of low insertion loss, high gain, and easy realization of ultra-low sidelobes, waveguide antennas have attracted more and more attention.
- the section height of the antenna such as the waveguide antenna and the radiation opening are generally made larger to reduce the phase difference of energy distribution on the radiation opening, thereby increasing the gain of the waveguide antenna.
- the cross-sectional height of the antenna and the size of the radiation aperture are relatively large, which is not conducive to the miniaturization of the antenna.
- Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna, an array antenna, and electronic equipment, which can reduce the cross-sectional height and radiation aperture size of the antenna on the basis of ensuring the gain of the antenna, and realize miniaturization of the antenna.
- An embodiment of the present application provides an antenna, including an antenna body;
- the antenna main body has a radiation port surface, at least one radiation port is provided on the radiation port, and a conductive member is arranged at the radiation port, and the conductive member divides the radiation port into two sub-radiation ports; or, the radiation port is provided with a plurality of conductive pieces, a plurality of conductive pieces are arranged at intervals along the direction of the electric field perpendicular to the radiation port;
- a plurality of radiation sub-ports are arranged at intervals along the direction of the electric field perpendicular to the surface of the radiation port, and each sub-radiation port is located on the surface of the radiation port, and the size of each sub-radiation port along the direction perpendicular to the electric field is 0.3 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , where ⁇ is The operating wavelength of the antenna.
- the radiation opening of the antenna body is divided into a plurality of sub-radiation openings arranged at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the electric field through conductive members, so that the energy on the radiation opening is weighted by at least two sub-radiation openings, and the energy
- the phase difference between the center point and the edge of the radiation port is smaller than the phase difference between the center point and the edge of the radiation port in the related art, so that the antenna changes from a traditional spherical wave front to an approximate plane wave front, and the energy density on the radiation port surface is at least
- the weighted distribution of the two sub-radiation openings makes the energy distribution density at the radiation opening surface more uniform, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna, so that when making the antenna of the embodiment of the present application, the section height of the antenna and the radiation opening surface can be reduced.
- the size makes the antenna of the embodiment of the present application miniaturized.
- the size of each sub-radiation port perpendicular to the direction of the electric field within the above-mentioned range, it is ensured that the electromagnetic wave energy of a certain frequency can be radiated from the corresponding sub-radiation port to realize signal transmission and reduce energy loss.
- improve the gain of the antenna and also avoid the excessive size of the sub-radiation port along the direction perpendicular to the electric field, so that the radiation port surface cannot be divided into more sub-radiation ports, resulting in the limitation of the antenna gain of the embodiment of the present application Situation happens.
- the radiation opening surface can be divided into more sub-radiation openings, so that the energy in the radiation section can be weighted in more areas, so that The energy density on the surface of the radiation port is more uniform.
- the position of the conductive parts can be adjusted, for example, the distance between two adjacent conductive parts can be adjusted to adjust the energy density of the sub-radiation port. size, so that the antenna can meet the actual required electrical performance, that is, the electrical performance of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application can be adjusted more easily.
- the conductive element is located inside the antenna main body, and two ends of the conductive element are respectively connected to inner walls of the antenna main body.
- the size occupied by the conductive member in the cross-sectional height of the antenna is reduced, thereby reducing the cross-sectional height of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application, making the antenna more miniaturized.
- the stability of the conductive member in the antenna main body is enhanced, making the structure of the whole antenna more stable, and ensuring the structural stability of each sub-radiation port.
- the conductive member and the antenna main body are integrally formed as one piece.
- the conductive part and the antenna main body are provided as an integrated part, for example, the conductive part and the antenna main body can be integrally cast, which simplifies the manufacturing process of the antenna and improves the manufacturing efficiency of the antenna.
- the connection stability between the conductive member and the antenna main body makes the structure of the whole antenna more stable and reliable.
- the antenna body includes a first part and a second part arranged in sequence along the axial direction;
- the antenna is a waveguide antenna, the first part includes the waveguide section and part of the radiation section of the antenna, and the second part is another part of the radiation section;
- the first part and the second part are separate parts, and the conductive part and the second part are integrally formed as one piece.
- the antenna main body is set as two separate first parts and second parts, and the conductive part and the second part of a part of the horn section are set as an integral part.
- the The first part is poured and formed at one time, and the second part and the conductive part are casted and formed at one time.
- the section height of the second part is smaller than that of the entire antenna body, the integrated structure of the second part and the conductive part is easier to fall off during the pouring process.
- the mold reduces the impact of the conductive parts on the radiation port surface on the demoulding process, thereby making the manufacturing process of the antenna simpler and faster, and improving the manufacturing efficiency of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application.
- a positioning mark is provided on the radiation port surface, and the positioning mark is used for positioning the conductive element on the radiation port face.
- the conductive member By setting the positioning mark on the radiation opening surface, the conductive member can accurately set the corresponding position of the radiation opening surface through the positioning mark, making the installation and positioning between the conductive member and the antenna main body more convenient and quick.
- a limiting groove is formed on the surface of the radiation opening, and the limiting groove is located on both sides of the radiation opening along the direction of the electric field, and at least part of the conductive member located outside the radiation opening is embedded in the limiting groove.
- the position slot is configured as a positioning mark, so that, on the one hand, the conductive part can be accurately installed on the corresponding position of the radiation port surface through the limit slot to ensure that the size of each sub-radiation port is within the setting range; on the other hand, it can limit Conductive parts move in the direction perpendicular to the electric field to ensure the structural stability of the sub-radiation openings.
- the conductive parts are prevented from occupying the size of the antenna along the height direction, thereby ensuring that the antenna low profile.
- the antenna further includes a connecting piece
- the connecting part cover is arranged on the radiation opening surface, and the conductive part is arranged on the connecting part, which can ensure that the conductive part is stably arranged in the radiation opening surface.
- the connecting element is a diaphragm, and a conductive pattern is formed on the diaphragm, and the conductive pattern is configured as a conductive element.
- the connector is set as a diaphragm, and a conductive pattern is formed on the diaphragm as a conductive member to separate the radiation port surface.
- the stability of the conductive member in the radiation port is ensured, so that the The area separation of the radiation port is more reliable, ensuring the uniformity of the energy density distribution of the radiation port.
- the diaphragm occupies a small size in the direction of the section height of the entire antenna, so that the section height of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application is smaller. will not be affected, in other words, the low profile of the antenna of the embodiment of the present application can be guaranteed.
- the conductive member is suspended in the radiation port.
- the conductive member can be used as the reference ground of the antenna to achieve impedance matching of the antenna and improve the working performance of the antenna.
- the radial cross-sectional areas of the plurality of radiation sub-ports are equal or unequal.
- the distance between two adjacent conductive elements can be equal, It may also be unequal, thereby reducing the requirement for setting the position of the conductive element, making the arrangement of the conductive element more flexible and convenient, thereby improving the manufacturing efficiency of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application.
- the outer wall of the conductive member is wrapped with a reinforcement layer, and the material of the reinforcement layer includes any one of foam plastics, non-polar resin, and weak polar resin.
- the structural strength of the conductive member is enhanced by wrapping the outer wall of the conductive member with a reinforcing layer. Stable, thereby improving the structural stability of each sub-radiation port.
- the reinforcement layer can be made of low dielectric constant materials such as foam plastics, non-polar resin, weak polarity resin, etc., so as to reduce or even ignore the energy loss of the reinforcement layer to electromagnetic waves and ensure the radiation performance of the antenna.
- the multiple radiation ports are arranged at intervals at one end of the antenna main body.
- the antenna in the embodiment of the present application forms an array antenna.
- the antenna forms two In this way, energy weighting can be realized between the elements formed by the radiation ports of the antenna, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application, widening the bandwidth of the antenna, and improving the working performance of the antenna. It can be ensured that the size of the antenna in terms of profile height will not be affected, that is, the low profile of the antenna can be ensured.
- the antenna is any one of a waveguide slot antenna, a waveguide horn antenna, and a waveguide probe antenna.
- the radiation surface of any waveguide antenna such as waveguide slot antenna, waveguide horn antenna, waveguide probe antenna, etc., can be improved to realize the characteristics of high gain and low profile of the waveguide antenna, which enriches the application of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application Scenes.
- Another aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an array antenna, including multiple antennas as described above, and the multiple antennas are arranged in an array.
- the array antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application uses the above-mentioned antenna to form an array antenna, so that each antenna is miniaturized, thereby reducing the size of the entire array antenna, saving the occupied space in electronic equipment such as a radar system, and realizing electronic Miniaturization of equipment. From another perspective, by miniaturizing each antenna, the number of antennas in the array antenna can be increased within a certain size of electronic equipment, thereby improving the radiation performance of the array antenna and ensuring the communication performance of the electronic equipment.
- Another aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including a radio frequency circuit and the above-mentioned antenna;
- the feeding surface of the antenna is electrically connected with the radio frequency circuit.
- the gain of the antenna is improved, the signal transmission performance of the electronic device is ensured, the low profile of the antenna is realized, and the occupied size of the antenna in the electronic device is reduced.
- Arranging other components in the device provides a suitable space. For example, on the basis of ensuring a certain size of the electronic device, an array antenna can be arranged in the electronic device to further improve the performance of the electronic device, so that the electronic device can meet more Requirements to adapt to more application scenarios.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna in the related art
- Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the energy distribution of the antenna in the related art
- Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of one of the antennas provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 5 is a top view of Figure 4.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of energy distribution of one of the antennas provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radiation port surface in Fig. 7;
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of injection molding and demoulding of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of injection molding and demoulding of an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 11 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 12 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 13 is an exploded view of the structure of Figure 12;
- Fig. 14 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 15 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 16 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 17 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 18 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 19 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 20 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 21 is a characteristic result diagram of the return loss of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 22 is a characteristic result diagram of low sidelobes in the vertical plane of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 23 is a characteristic result diagram of the horizontal plane wide beam of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- 110-antenna main body 120-conductive parts; 4, 101-radiation port surface; 5, 102-feeding surface; 6, 103-radiation port; 130-connector; 140-strengthening layer; 910-upper mold; 920- Lower mold;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- the embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which can send signals such as sound and distance to other devices through the internal antenna 100, or the electronic device can receive signals from external devices, etc., through the internal antenna 100. signal sent.
- Bluetooth blue-tooth, BT
- global positioning system global positioning system
- wireless fidelity wireless fidelity, WiFi
- GSM global system for mobile communications
- WCDMA wideband code division multiple access
- LTE long term evolution
- the electronic device in the embodiment of the present application may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a smart home, a smart bracelet, a smart watch, a smart helmet, and smart glasses.
- the electronic device may also be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a Functional handheld devices, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, vehicle-mounted devices, electronic devices in the 5G network or electronic devices in the future evolution of the public land mobile network (PLMN), etc., this
- SIP session initiation protocol
- WLL wireless local loop
- PDA personal digital assistant
- Functional handheld devices computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, vehicle-mounted devices, electronic devices in the 5G network or electronic devices in the future evolution of the public land mobile network (PLMN), etc.
- the vehicle-mounted device may be a device on a vehicle such as a manned or unmanned vehicle, a manned or unmanned ship, a train, or an airplane.
- the radar system may be a speed radar system.
- the speed measuring radar system can measure the rotation speed of the wheels to measure the speed of vehicles such as cars.
- the on-vehicle radar system may be an obstacle detection radar system, for example, the obstacle detection radar system can observe the terrain when there is no visibility or poor visibility, and warn the driver to prevent accidents.
- the on-vehicle radar system may be an adaptive cruise control radar, for example, the adaptive cruise control radar can adapt to the surrounding environment of the vehicle, and maintain a safe speed with the preceding vehicle according to the speeds of the own vehicle and the preceding vehicle.
- both sending and receiving of signals in the detection of the radar system need to be completed through the antenna 100 . Since the millimeter-wave antenna 100 has advantages such as wide frequency band, high transmission rate, and miniaturization, the millimeter-wave radar system becomes a development trend.
- an electronic device such as a radar system may include an antenna 100 , a radio frequency circuit 200 and a circuit board 300 , wherein one end of the antenna 100 is electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit 200 .
- the radio frequency circuit 200 may be a radio frequency integrated circuit (Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit, RFIC for short) integrated on the circuit board 300 .
- RFIC Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit
- the antenna 100 is arranged on the circuit board 300, and one end of the antenna 100 can be electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit 200 on the circuit board 300 through a transfer structure 400 such as a feed network, so that the antenna 100 and the radio frequency circuit 200 The mutual transmission of radio frequency signals.
- the circuit board 300 is also provided with a processing unit 500 such as a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, referred to as DSP), the DSP and the RFIC can be respectively located on the two opposite surfaces of the circuit board 300, and the DSP and the RFIC pass through the circuit
- DSP Digital Signal Processor
- the DSP and the RFIC can be respectively located on the two opposite surfaces of the circuit board 300, and the DSP and the RFIC pass through the circuit
- the wires on the board 300 are electrically connected, and the antenna 100 and the RFIC are arranged on the same side of the circuit board 300 to facilitate the electrical connection between the antenna 100 and the RFIC.
- functional chips 600 such as other memory chips and control chips are also arranged on the circuit board 300 .
- the radar system further includes a radome 700 .
- Components such as the antenna 100 and the circuit board 300 are all arranged in the radome 700 to protect the components such as the antenna 100 in the radar system from the external environment.
- the radome 700 has good electromagnetic wave penetration properties in terms of electrical properties, and can withstand the effects of harsh external environments in terms of mechanical properties.
- the components of the radar system are protected by the radome 700 to prevent the components in the radar system from falling dust or being damaged by water.
- the two ends of the circuit board 300 can be fixed on the inner wall of the radome 700 through the supporting columns 800 to improve the stability of the circuit board 300 and the components integrated on the circuit board 300 .
- the radar system is provided with a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna, wherein the transmitting antenna or the receiving antenna may include one or more antennas 100 .
- the transmitting antenna or the receiving antenna may include one or more antennas 100 .
- the transmitting antenna or the receiving antenna may include one or more antennas 100 .
- three antennas 100 are provided in the radar system, and the three antennas 100 may be transmitting antennas or receiving antennas.
- a plurality of antennas 100 as transmitting antennas or receiving antennas may be arranged in an array in the radar system, in other words, electronic equipment such as a radar system also includes an array antenna, and the array antenna includes a plurality of antennas 100 arranged in an array .
- the plurality of antennas 100 in the array antenna can be arranged on the circuit board 300 in an A*B array, where A is the number of rows of the array formed by the plurality of antennas 100, and A can be any discrete value greater than or equal to 1
- A may be 1, 2 or 3, etc.
- B is the number of columns of the array formed by multiple antennas 100, and B may be any discrete value greater than or equal to 1, for example, B may be 1, 2 or 3, etc.
- the array antenna includes three antennas 100 arranged on a circuit board 300 in a 1*3 array.
- the array antenna is a linear array antenna.
- the array antenna is formed as a planar array antenna.
- the area array antenna may be a planar array antenna, for example, multiple antennas 100 are arrayed on the same plane.
- the area array antenna may also be a curved surface array antenna, for example, multiple antennas 100 are arranged in an array on a curved surface, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the arrangement manner of the array antenna.
- the radio frequency circuit 200 such as RFIC can provide a signal source for the antenna 100, for example, the feed end of the antenna 100 is electrically connected to the radio frequency signal port in the radio frequency circuit 200, so that the radio frequency signal port transmits radio frequency signals, The radio frequency signal is fed into the antenna 100 in the form of electric current, and then the antenna 100 sends the radio frequency signal to the target object in the form of electromagnetic wave, and the target object reflects the electromagnetic wave signal and is received by the receiving antenna of the vehicle-mounted device.
- the radio frequency circuit 200 such as RFIC can provide a signal source for the antenna 100, for example, the feed end of the antenna 100 is electrically connected to the radio frequency signal port in the radio frequency circuit 200, so that the radio frequency signal port transmits radio frequency signals, The radio frequency signal is fed into the antenna 100 in the form of electric current, and then the antenna 100 sends the radio frequency signal to the target object in the form of electromagnetic wave, and the target object reflects the electromagnetic wave signal and is received by the receiving antenna of the vehicle-mounted device.
- the radio frequency circuit 200 can receive the radio frequency signal fed back by the antenna 100, for example, the antenna 100 converts the received electromagnetic wave signal into a current signal, and then transmits it to the radio frequency circuit 200 through the switching structure 400, and then Subsequent processing is carried out by DSP.
- the indicators of the antenna 100 include bandwidth, gain, 3dB beam width in the horizontal plane, sidelobe level, and the like.
- a wider bandwidth means that the radar system can support higher resolution.
- a higher gain means that the energy transmitted or received by the antenna 100 is stronger, so that the radar system can support detection at a longer distance.
- the 3dB beam width on the horizontal plane represents the angle between the two directions where the radiation power drops by 3dB on both sides of the maximum radiation direction in the horizontal plane direction. The larger the 3dB beam width on the horizontal plane, the larger the detection angle of the radar system and the larger the detection range. .
- the sidelobe level on the vertical surface represents the ratio of the maximum value of the sidelobe to the maximum value of the main lobe on the vertical surface.
- the lower the sidelobe level on the vertical surface the stronger the anti-interference ability of the radar system and the better the detection accuracy. high.
- the waveguide antenna in the antenna 100 has advantages such as small insertion loss, high gain, and easy realization of ultra-low sidelobes, it has attracted more and more attention.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna in the related art.
- antenna 1 such as waveguide antenna, has a feeding surface 5 and a radiation opening surface 4 arranged opposite to each other along the height direction (shown in the z direction with reference to Fig. 2), wherein, the feeding surface 5 and the The radio frequency circuit 200 is electrically connected, so that the radio frequency circuit 200 can transmit a radio frequency signal to the antenna 100, and the radio frequency signal forms an electric field perpendicular to the height direction in the antenna 100, and the electric field is converted into an electromagnetic wave, and is radiated through the radiation port 4.
- Port 6 spreads out to realize the function of sending a signal.
- the antenna 1 includes a waveguide section 2 and a radiation section 3.
- the waveguide section 2 is the straight-through section of the antenna 1
- the radiation section 3 is the horn section of the antenna 1.
- One end of section 2 is connected to radiating section 3
- the end surface of the other end of waveguide section 2 is used as feeding surface 5 of antenna 1
- the end surface of radiating section 3 away from waveguide section 2 is used as radiation interface 4 of antenna 1 .
- the antenna 1 When specifically set up, the antenna 1 is electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit 200 through the feeding surface 5, so that the radio frequency circuit 200 transmits the radio frequency signal to the waveguide section 2 through the feeding surface 5, and the energy is gathered in the waveguide section 2, and then transmitted to the radiation Section 3, the energy is distributed reasonably perpendicular to the radial direction in the radiation section 3, and reaches the radiation port 4 at one end of the radiation section 3, and finally the radio frequency signal is radiated in the form of electromagnetic waves through the radiation port 6 on the radiation port 4 .
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the energy distribution of the antenna in the related art.
- FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a horn section of an antenna such as a waveguide horn antenna in the related art.
- O point is the starting point of the energy of the horn section
- O' point is the center point of the radiation port surface 4
- B point and C point are respectively the end points on the two symmetrical edges of the radiation port 6 along OO'
- B Point C and Point C are the opposite ends of the radiation port 6 along the x direction
- BC is the connection line between the two opposite ends of the radiation port 6 along the direction perpendicular to the electric field.
- the direction of the electric field at the radiation port 6 is the a direction, and the a direction coincides with the y direction as an example for illustration.
- the OO' value is smaller than the OB value and the OC value, and the distance between the O point and the radiation port 4 is in the direction from the O' point to both sides (such as the B point or the C point)
- the time for energy to reach the radiation port 4 from point O is gradually extended in the direction from point O' to both sides (i.e. point B or point C), in other words, the energy from point O to The phase on the radiation port 4 gradually delays from point O' to both sides (that is, point B or point C), so that the energy density distribution on the radiation port 4 gradually moves from point O' to point B or point C. decreases, and the value of the energy density at point O' differs greatly from the value at point B.
- the value of energy density at point O' differs greatly from the value at point C, that is, the energy density in the antenna 1
- the uneven distribution on the radiation port 4 of the waveguide antenna is smaller than the OB value and the OC value, and the distance between the O point and the radiation port 4 is in the direction from the O
- the OO' value refers to the length of OO'
- the OB value refers to the length of OB
- OC refers to the length of OC
- the phases of any point on the spherical surface are equal.
- the phases of the energy on C' are equal, that is, the B'C' is an equi-phase plane, so that the antenna 1 is a spherical wavefront, and its gain is small.
- the value of OB' is the length of OB'
- the value of OC' is the length of OC'.
- the profile height of the antenna 1 is larger, that is, the OO' value is larger, then when the radial size of the radiating section 3, such as the horn section, is constant, the ratios of the BB' value and the CC' value to the OO' value are higher. If is small, the value of OO' is approximately equal to the value of OB, and the value of OO' is approximately equal to the value of OC, so that the influence of the distance difference from the feeding surface 5 to the radiation surface 4 on the energy phase on the radiation surface 4 (such as BC line) The smaller it is, the more uniform the energy density distribution on the radiation port surface 4 is, realizing a plane wave front, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna 100 .
- the antenna 1 in the related art increases the section height of the antenna 1 while ensuring the gain.
- the size of the radiation port 4 of the antenna 1 is correspondingly increased, resulting in this
- the antenna 1 is not conducive to miniaturization design, and the occupied size in the electronic equipment such as a radar system is too large, which affects the installation of other components of the electronic equipment such as the integrated arrangement of the array antenna.
- the size of the radiation aperture 4 can be understood as the radial dimension or area of the radiation aperture 4.
- the size of the radiation aperture 4 can be the diameter of the radiation aperture 4.
- the length and width may also be the area of the radiation port 4 .
- the embodiment of the present application provides an antenna 100, by dividing the radiation opening 103 on the radiation opening surface 101 into a plurality of independent regions along the direction perpendicular to the electric field, and the distance between each region and the center of the feeding surface 102 is The direction from the center to both sides of the region gradually increases, so that the energy phase distribution in each region gradually increases from the center to the edge, and the energy density distribution in each region gradually decreases from the center to the edge.
- each The difference between the center of a region and the edges on both sides from the center of the feeding surface 102 is smaller than the difference between the center of the radiation opening 103 and the edges on both sides from the center of the feeding surface 102, that is, the energy on the radiation opening 103 is distributed in multiple regions
- the weighted distribution can transform the spherical wavefront of the antenna 100 into a planar wavefront to ensure the uniformity of the energy density on the radiating surface 101 , so that high gain can be achieved on the shorter antenna 100 .
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. 4
- an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna 100 , including an antenna body 110 .
- the antenna body 110 includes a waveguide section 111 and a radiation section 112, one end of the waveguide section 111 is connected to the radiation section 112, and the end surface of the other end of the waveguide section 111 is used as the feeding surface 102 of the antenna 100, and the radiation section 112
- One end face away from the waveguide section 111 serves as the radiation port face 101 of the antenna 100 .
- the radiation port surface 101 has at least one radiation port 103 .
- the length direction of the antenna 100 is represented by the x direction
- the width direction of the antenna 100 is represented by the y direction
- the height direction of the antenna 100 is represented by the z direction.
- the antenna 100 When specifically set up, the antenna 100 is electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit 200 through the feeding surface 102, so that the radio frequency circuit 200 transmits the radio frequency signal to the waveguide section 111 through the feeding surface 102, and the energy is gathered in the waveguide section 111, and then transmitted to the radiation.
- Section 112 the energy density is distributed reasonably in the radial direction in the radiation section 112, and reaches the radiation opening surface 101 at one end of the radiation section 112, and finally the radio frequency signal is radiated in the form of electromagnetic waves through the radiation opening 103 on the radiation opening surface 101.
- the waveguide section 111 is a straight-through section of the horn antenna
- the radiation section 112 is a horn section of the horn antenna.
- the radial dimension of the through section is consistent in the height direction of the antenna 100 .
- the radial dimension of the horn section gradually increases in the height direction of the antenna 100 (such as shown in the z direction in FIG.
- the straight-through section conducts concentratedly to the horn section, and distributes the energy density reasonably in the horn section, and finally radiates outward from the radiation port surface 101 .
- the height direction of the antenna 100 can be understood as the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves in the antenna 100, such as the direction of the antenna 100 from the feeding surface 102 to the radiation port 103 surface 101, or from the radiation port 103 surface 101 to the feeding surface 102 direction.
- the radio frequency circuit 200 when the radio frequency circuit 200 is electrically connected to the antenna 100 , the radio frequency circuit 200 may be directly electrically connected to the feeding surface 102 of the antenna 100 , in other words, one end of the radio frequency circuit 200 may be directly connected to the feeding surface 102 . In some examples, one end of the radio frequency circuit 200 can also be coupled and fed to the feeding surface 102. For example, one end of the radio frequency circuit 200 is spaced from the feeding surface 102 to realize the coupling and feeding connection.
- the electrical connection manner between the circuit 200 and the antenna 100 is not limited.
- the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application may also include at least one conductive member 120, the conductive member 120 is arranged on the radiation port 103, and the conductive member 120 separates the radiation port 103 into at least two sub-radiation ports 1031, at least two sub-radiation openings 1031 are arranged at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the electric field on the radiation opening surface 101, and each sub-radiation opening 1031 is located on the plane where the radiation opening surface 101 is located, in other words, the radiation opening surface 101 is perpendicular to the
- the direction of the electric field is divided into at least two areas, and each area serves as a sub-radiation opening 1031 , that is, the energy on the radiation opening surface 101 is divided into multiple areas, and the energy of each area is located in the corresponding sub-radiation opening 1031 .
- the direction of the electric field on the radiation port 101 is shown in the direction a in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , and the direction a is consistent with the width direction of the antenna 100 , that is, the y direction.
- the extending direction of the conductive member 120 in the embodiment of the present application is consistent with the electric field direction (for example, the y direction) on the radiation port surface 101 , so that the radiation port 103 is divided into at least two sub-radiation ports 1031 arranged at intervals along the x direction.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of energy distribution of one of the antennas 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the radiation section 112 in the antenna 100 according to the embodiment of the present application.
- the radiation section 112 at point O is, for example, the energy starting point of the horn section.
- the point O' is the center point of the radiation port surface 101
- the points B and C are respectively the two symmetrical points of the radiation port 103 along OO'.
- point B and point C are the opposite ends of the radiation port 103 along the x direction
- BC is the two opposite ends of the radiation port 103 along the direction perpendicular to the electric field, for example, the x direction connection between terminals.
- the two sub-radiation ports 1031 are respectively the first sub-radiation port 1031a and the second sub-radiation port 1031a. Mouth 1031b.
- the first sub-radiation opening 1031a is the sub-radiation opening 1031 on the left side along the x direction
- the second sub-radiation opening 1031b is the sub-radiation opening 1031 on the right side along the x direction as an example for illustration.
- the point O' can be understood as one end of any sub-radiation port 1031
- BO' is the connection between the opposite ends of one of the sub-radiation ports 1031 along the direction perpendicular to the electric field (such as the x direction)
- CO' is Another sub-radiation port 1031 is along the line between the opposite ends perpendicular to the direction of the electric field (for example, x direction)
- point P1 is the center point of the first sub-radiation port 1031a
- point P2 is the center of the second sub-radiation port 1031b point.
- the radiation port 103 is divided into at least two regions arranged at intervals such as the first sub-radiation port 1031 a and the second sub-radiation port 1031 b, the energy radiated from point O is redistributed in each sub-radiation port 1031 .
- a spherical wavefront with O1 as the starting point of energy, ie, the center of the sphere, and O1P1 as the radius is formed, and the phases of any point on the sphere are equal.
- O1 is on the line segment OP1.
- a spherical wavefront is formed with O2 as the starting point of energy, that is, the center of the sphere, and O2P2 as the radius, and any point on the spherical surface has the same phase.
- the arc C"D in FIG. 6 is a partial arc of a circle with O2 as the center and O2P2 as the radius. Ground, the energy density of any point on the arc C"D is equal.
- O2 is on the line segment of O2P2.
- the energy phase is gradually delayed from point O' to point B or from point O' to point C, but in the embodiment of the present application, the energy phase at the radiation port 103 is divided into two regions distribution, one of which is gradually delayed from point P1 to point B or from point P1 to point O', and the other distribution is gradually delayed from point P2 to point C or from point P2 to point O', so the embodiment of the present application
- the phase difference between point O' and point B is smaller than the phase difference between point O' and point B in the related art
- the phase difference between point O' and point C is smaller than that between point O' and point C in the related art Phase difference, so that the antenna 100 is formed as an approximate plane wave front, and the energy density on the radiation port surface 101 is weighted by at least two sub-radiation ports 1031 (such as the first sub-radiation port 1031 and the second sub-radiation port 1031), so that The energy density on the radiation port 103 is more evenly distributed
- the plurality of spherical wave fronts formed on the radiation port 103 are distributed in the x direction (that is, perpendicular to the direction of the electric field, that is, shown in the direction a in FIG. 5 ).
- the section height of the antenna 100 can be reduced.
- the section height of the antenna 100 is reduced, and the size of the radiation port 101 is correspondingly reduced.
- the embodiment of the present application does not need to increase the section height of the antenna 100 and the size of the radiation opening 101, that is, the high gain performance of the antenna 100 can be realized on the basis of ensuring the low profile of the antenna 100 and the small radiation opening 101 .
- the array antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application makes each antenna 100 miniaturized by reducing the cross-sectional height of each antenna 100 and the size of the radiation port 101, thereby reducing the size of the entire array antenna and saving electronic resources.
- the number of antennas 100 in the array antenna can be increased in an electronic device of a certain size, thereby improving the radiation performance of the array antenna and ensuring the communication performance of the electronic device.
- the distance between the feeding surface 102 and the radiation opening surface 101 is greater than or equal to 0.15 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the working wavelength of the antenna 100 . It can be understood that the value of ⁇ is the wavelength value specified according to the working scene in practical applications, and the distance h between the feeding surface 102 and the radiation port surface 101 can be adjusted according to the wavelength. It can be understood that the distance h between the feeding surface 102 and the radiation opening surface 101 is the section height of the antenna 100 .
- the distance h between the feeding surface 102 and the radiation opening surface 101 may be a suitable value such as 0.15 ⁇ , 0.2 ⁇ , 0.25 ⁇ or 0.3 ⁇ .
- the antenna main body 110 by setting the distance between the feeding surface 102 of the antenna main body 110 and the radiation opening surface 101 within the above-mentioned range, it is ensured that the antenna main body 110 between the radiation opening surface 101 and the feeding surface 102 can effectively carry out energy.
- the radio frequency signal fed from the feeding surface 102 that is, the energy
- the radio frequency signal fed from the feeding surface 102 can be concentrated and stably transmitted to the radiation interface through the inner cavity of the antenna main body 110 101, to ensure the energy density at the radiation port 101, that is, to ensure the gain of the antenna 100, so that the electromagnetic wave energy from the radiation port 101 can be effectively radiated to the receiving antenna 100, so that the signal can be transmitted stably and reliably at the sending end and the receiving end stable transmission.
- a conductive member 120 is provided on the radiation port 103 of the antenna 100, and the extension direction of the conductive member 120 is set to be consistent with the direction of the electric field, so that the conductive member 120 divides the radiation port 103 into at least two sub-radiation ports 1031, on the one hand, ensures the uniform distribution of energy density on the radiation port 103 and increases the gain of the antenna 100; This simplifies the structure of the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application, thereby ensuring the manufacturing efficiency of the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application.
- the number of the conductive member 120 can be one, so that the radiation port 103 on the radiation port surface 101 can be divided into two sub-radiation ports 1031 by the conductive member 120 .
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radiation aperture in FIG. 7
- the number of conductive members 120 is multiple, and the plurality of conductive members 120 are arranged at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the electric field (shown with reference to the x direction in FIG. 7 ), so as to radiate
- the aperture surface 101 is divided into three or more sub-radiation apertures 1031 .
- the energy in the radiation section 112 can be weighted in more areas, and the phase difference between the center point of the radiation port 103 and the edge is smaller than that of antennas in the related art.
- the antenna 100 forms a plane wave front, and the radiation port surface
- the energy density on 101 is more uniform, thereby ensuring the gain of the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application, and ensuring that the section height of the antenna 100 and the size of the radiation port 101 are not affected.
- the size of the sub-radiation opening 1031 can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the conductive member 120, for example, by adjusting the distance between two adjacent conductive members 120, so that the antenna can meet the actual requirements.
- the electrical performance that is to say, makes it easier to adjust the electrical performance of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application.
- the radial cross-sectional areas of the plurality of radiation sub-ports 1031 in the embodiment of the present application may be set to be equal or unequal.
- the conductive member 120 when there is a conductive member 120 on the radiation port surface 101, the conductive member 120 can be arranged on the symmetry axis of the radiation port 103, or it can be arranged away from the symmetry axis of the radiation port 103.
- the conductive member 120 and The distance between the two ends of the radiation port 103 along the direction perpendicular to the electric field may be equal or unequal.
- the distance between two adjacent conductive elements 120 may be equal or unequal, thereby reducing the The location setting requirements make the setting of the conductive member 120 more flexible and convenient, thereby improving the manufacturing efficiency of the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application.
- each sub-radiation opening 1031 of different sizes can pass through electromagnetic waves of different frequencies. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the area of each sub-radiation opening 1031 can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the conductive member 120 , and a better antenna radiation performance can be obtained through a specific amplitude-phase relationship.
- each sub-radiation port 1031 can radiate or receive electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency
- the size of each sub-radiation port 1031 along the first direction is 0.3 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ , wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the direction of the electric field on the radiation port surface 101 , for example, the first direction can refer to the x direction shown in FIG. 8 .
- h2 may be a suitable value such as 0.3 ⁇ , 0.5 ⁇ , ⁇ , 1.5 ⁇ or 2 ⁇ , and may be specifically designed according to electrical performance.
- the radial dimension of each sub-radiation opening 1031 can be any one of suitable values such as 0.3 ⁇ , 0.5 ⁇ , ⁇ , 1.5 ⁇ or 2 ⁇ , for example, the radial dimension of each sub-radiation opening 1031 is 0.3 ⁇ . In some other examples, the radial dimensions of each sub-radiation opening 1031 may be different. For example, referring to FIG. The radial dimension of the opening 1031 may be 0.5 ⁇ , and the radial dimension of the third sub-radiation opening 1031 may be ⁇ .
- h1 may be an appropriate value such as 0.3 ⁇ , 0.5 ⁇ , ⁇ , 1.5 ⁇ or 2 ⁇ , and may be specifically designed according to electrical performance.
- the distance h1 between each pair of adjacent two conductive members 120 may be equal or unequal, for example, the distance between each pair of adjacent two conductive members 120 may be 0.3 ⁇ , 0.5 ⁇ , ⁇ , 1.5 Any one of appropriate values such as ⁇ or 2 ⁇ . In some examples, the distance h1 between two adjacent pair of conductive elements 120 may be 0.3 ⁇ , and the distance h1 between two adjacent pair of conductive elements 120 may be 0.5 ⁇ .
- the size of each sub-radiation opening 1031 along the first direction is set within the above-mentioned range to ensure that electromagnetic wave energy of a certain frequency can pass through the sub-radiation opening 1031.
- the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application when used as When transmitting the antenna 100, it can ensure that the electromagnetic wave energy of a certain frequency can be radiated from the corresponding sub-radiation port 1031 to realize the transmission of the signal.
- the energy loss caused by the too small sub-radiation port 1031 is also avoided, thereby ensuring that the antenna 100 gains will not be affected.
- each radiation sub-port 1031 perpendicular to the direction of the electric field is set within the above-mentioned range, which also avoids the size of the sub-radiation port 1031 being too large, so that the radiation port surface 101 cannot be divided into more sub-radiation ports 1031, resulting in
- the gain of the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application is limited. Therefore, during manufacture, the number of conductive members 120 can be increased on the basis of ensuring that electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency pass through the corresponding sub-radiation openings 1031, so as to improve the performance of the antenna 100.
- the gain of the antenna of the application example is provided.
- the conductive member 120 in the embodiment of the present application can be located inside the antenna main body 110, so that the conductive member 120 is flush with the radiation port 101, or there is a certain distance between the conductive member 120 and the radiation port 101, so as to It is ensured that the conductive member 120 does not occupy the space other than the height direction of the antenna body 110 (refer to the z direction in FIG. 4 ), so as to ensure the low profile of the antenna 100 .
- the embodiment of the present application does not exclude that the conductive member 120 may also protrude from a part of the radiation aperture surface 101 , and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
- the conductive member 120 is located inside the antenna main body 110, in other words, the conductive member 120 is located inside the cavity of the radiation section 112 of the antenna main body 110, and the two ends of the conductive member 120 are respectively connected to the antenna main body. 110 on the inner wall.
- the occupied size of the conductive member 120 on the cross-sectional height of the antenna 100 is reduced, thereby reducing the cross-sectional height of the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application, so that The antenna 100 is more miniaturized.
- the stability of the conductive member 120 in the antenna main body 110 is enhanced, making the structure of the entire antenna 100 more stable, and ensuring the radiation of each sub-radiation port 1031. structural stability.
- the conductive member 120 and the antenna main body 110 may be integrally formed as an integral part.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of injection mold release of the antenna 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- the conductive member 120 and the antenna main body 110 can be integrally cast to simplify the manufacturing process of the antenna 100 and improve the manufacturing efficiency of the antenna 100.
- the connection between the conductive member 120 and the antenna main body 110 is also strengthened. The stability of the connection between them makes the structure of the entire antenna 100 more stable and reliable.
- the upper mold 910 of the casting mold 900 has a set of convex lines 911 on one side surface, and the set of convex lines 911 includes a plurality of spaced apart convex lines 911, the lower mold 920 includes a mold cavity 921 for containing pouring liquid, the shape of the mold cavity 921 is consistent with the shape of the antenna main body 110, there is a support part 923 in the glue filling port 922 of the mold cavity 921, and the support part 923 The two ends are connected to the side walls opposite to the glue filling port 922 , and the surface of the supporting part 923 facing away from the inner cavity of the mold cavity 921 has a groove 923a.
- the number of ridges 911 in each group of ridges 911 depends on the number of sub-radiation openings 1031 , and the number of ridges 911 is consistent with the number of sub-radiation openings 1031 . For example, when the number of sub-radiation openings 1031 is two, the number of convex strips 911 is two.
- the specific demoulding process can be: taking the upper mold 910 from the lower mold 920 from bottom to top (shown along the z direction in FIG. 9 ), and then removing the lower mold 920 from the antenna 100 from top to bottom Take it out (refer to the opposite direction of z in Figure 9). Or the lower mold 920 is taken out from the top mold 910 from top to bottom (shown in the opposite direction of z with reference to FIG. shown), of course, the antenna 100 can also be taken out from the upper mold 910 from top to bottom (refer to the opposite direction of z in FIG. 9 ).
- the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application may be a metal part, for example, the antenna main body 110 and the conductive part 120 may be made of metal conductive materials such as copper and aluminum.
- the casting liquid for casting the antenna 100 may be in a liquid state of metal materials such as copper and aluminum.
- the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application may also be formed by wrapping a metal layer on the surface of a non-metallic component.
- the antenna 100 may be made of a plastic part and a metal layer wrapped on the surface of the plastic part.
- the antenna main body 110 and the plastic parts in the conductive part 120 are first integrally cast and molded. It can be understood that the pouring liquid in the pouring process is plastic, and then a metal layer such as aluminum is coated on the surface of the integrally formed plastic parts.
- each antenna 100 When each antenna 100 is integrally formed as one piece, it can facilitate the manufacture of the array antenna 100, in other words, by setting each antenna 100 as an integrally formed one piece, for example, by integrally casting each antenna 100 , making the fabrication of the array antenna 100 more convenient and quick.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of injection mold release of the array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- multiple antennas 100 of the array antenna can be mass-produced through a casting mold 900 .
- one side of the upper mold 910 has multiple groups of convex lines 911, and the number of groups of convex lines 911 is equal to the number of antennas 100, for example, the array antenna has three antennas 100 , then the upper mold 910 has three sets of convex lines 911 .
- the lower mold 920 includes a plurality of mold cavities 921 for containing pouring liquid, and the shape of each mold cavity 921 is consistent with the shape of the antenna main body 110 , wherein the glue filling port 922 of each mold cavity 921 There is a supporting part 923 inside, and the two ends of the supporting part 923 are connected with the opposite side walls of the glue filling port 922 , and the surface of the supporting part 923 facing away from the inner cavity of the mold cavity 921 has a groove 923a.
- the number of mold cavities 921 is equal to the number of antennas 100 , for example, the array antenna has three antennas 100 , and the lower mold 920 has three mold cavities 921 .
- pouring pouring liquid is injected in each mold cavity 921 of lower mold 920 until the pouring liquid has not passed through each groove 923a, and then the upper mold 910 is covered on the lower mold 920, and the raised lines of the upper mold 910 911 protrudes into the mold cavity 921 .
- demoulding is performed, and multiple integrated antennas 100 can be formed in batches at one time, which makes the manufacture of array antennas faster and more convenient.
- Fig. 11 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- the antenna body 110 includes a first portion 110 a and a second portion 110 b arranged in sequence along the axial direction. It can be understood that the axial direction is consistent with the height direction of the antenna body 110 , as shown with reference to the z direction in FIG. 11 .
- the first part 110 a includes the waveguide section 111 and part of the radiation section 112 of the antenna 100
- the second part 110 b is another part of the radiation section 112 .
- the first part 110a is composed of a straight-through section of the horn antenna and a part of the horn section
- the second part 110b is composed of another part of the horn section.
- the conductive member 120 is located on a side surface of the second portion 110b facing away from the first portion 110a.
- first part 110a and the second part 110b are separate parts, for example, the first part 110a and the second part 110b can be connected by high temperature compression, or the first part 110a and the second part 110b can be bonded, welded , screw connection and other methods of fixed connection, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the connection method between the first part 110a and the second part 110b.
- the conductive member 120 and the second portion 110b may be integrally formed as a single piece.
- the first part 110a may be integrally cast, and in addition, the second part 110b and the conductive member 120 may be integrally cast.
- the structure of the mold cavity 921 of the lower mold 920 matches the structure of the second part 110b.
- the cross-sectional height of the second part 110b is smaller than that of the entire antenna body 110, compared with the integral casting of the entire antenna 100, the upper mold 910 used in the one-time casting of the second part 110b and the conductive member 120 The ridges are shorter, and the height of the lower mold 920 is smaller, so that the integrated structure of the second part 110b and the conductive member 120 is easier to demould during the pouring molding process, for example, the upper mold 910 is lowered from the second part 110b Two (shown in the direction of z with reference to Fig.
- FIG. 12 is another schematic structural view of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 13 is an exploded view of the structure of FIG. 12 .
- the conductive member 120 and the antenna main body 110 may be separate parts.
- the conductive member 120 is suspended in the radiation opening 103 .
- the conductive member 120 is guaranteed to separate the area of the radiation port surface 101, so that the radiation port surface 101 forms at least two sub-radiation ports 1031.
- the conductive member 120 can be used as a reference ground of the antenna 100 to achieve impedance matching of the antenna 100 and improve the working performance of the antenna 100 .
- the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application may also include a connecting member 130, the connecting member 130 is covered on the radiation opening surface 101, and the conductive member 120 It is arranged on the connecting member 130 so as to ensure that the conductive member 120 is stably arranged in the radiation opening surface 101 .
- the connecting member 130 can be used to fix the conductive member 120 .
- the conductive member 120 can be arranged on the side of the connecting member 130 facing the radiation opening surface 101. In this way, by covering the connecting member 130 on the radiation opening surface 101, the conducting member 120 can be stably suspended in the air. Inside the radiation port 103.
- the connecting piece 130 can be fixed on the radiation opening surface 101 of the antenna main body 110 by bonding or screwing, and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the connection method between the connecting piece 130 and the radiation opening surface 101 .
- the connecting member 130 can allow electromagnetic waves to pass through.
- the connecting member 130 may be a membrane on which a conductive pattern is formed, and the conductive pattern is configured as the conductive member 120 .
- the diaphragm may be an insulating diaphragm such as a plastic film coated on the radiation port surface 101 .
- the conductive pattern can be printed on the membrane.
- the connector 130 is set as a diaphragm, and a conductive pattern is formed on the diaphragm as the conductive member 120 to separate the radiation port 103.
- a conductive pattern is formed on the diaphragm as the conductive member 120 to separate the radiation port 103.
- it ensures that the conductive member 120 in the radiation port 103 stability, which makes the area separation of the radiation port 103 more reliable and ensures the uniformity of energy density distribution on the radiation port 103;
- the profile height dimension of the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the application will not be affected, in other words, the low profile of the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the application can be guaranteed.
- the antenna main body 110 and the diaphragm are separate parts, so the antenna main body 110 can be integrally cast and molded first, and then the diaphragm printed with a metal pattern is covered on the radiation port surface of the antenna main body 110 101, so that the metal pattern separates the radiation port 103 on the radiation port surface 101 to form a plurality of sub-radiation ports 1031, thereby simplifying the manufacturing process of the antenna 100 and avoiding the detachment of the conductive member 120 during the integral casting process.
- the influence of the mode improves the manufacturing efficiency of the antenna 100.
- Fig. 14 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- a positioning mark 101a can be set on the radiation opening surface 101 of the antenna body 110, and the positioning mark 101a is used for radiation detection.
- the conductive element 120 on the oral surface 101 is positioned.
- the positioning mark 101a can be a symbol such as a circle or a cross drawn on the radiation port surface 101, or a slot opened on the radiation port surface 101, or other labels bonded on the radiation port surface 101.
- the embodiment of the present application specifically does not limit the structure of the positioning identifier 101a.
- the positioning mark 101a such as a symbol
- the positioning mark 101a can be arranged at the installation position of the conductive member 120, for example, one of the conductive members 120 needs to be arranged at the middle position of the radiation port surface 101 along the x direction, therefore, it can be placed on the radiation port surface 101
- the positioning mark 101a is set at the middle position along the x direction, so that the conductive member 120 can be directly installed on the positioning mark 101a, which can ensure that the conductive member 120 is quickly and accurately installed at the middle position of the radiation port surface 101 along the x direction.
- the positioning mark 101a such as a symbol may also be set at a position with a certain distance from the installation position of the conductive member 120 .
- positioning marks 101a can be set within a preset distance on both sides of the installation position of the conductive member 120 along the x direction. In this way, the position range of the installation position of the conductive member 120 can be located.
- the element 120 is disposed between two positioning marks 101a spaced apart along the x direction, so that the conductive element 120 can be installed within a predetermined range of installation positions.
- the exact installation position of the conductive member 120 can be directly determined according to the distance of the positioning marks 101a.
- the center position between the two positioning marks 101a can be used as the installation position of the conductive member 120.
- the accuracy of the installation position of the conductive member 120 on the radiation aperture surface 101 can be ensured.
- the embodiment of the present application does not limit the setting manner of the positioning identifier 101a.
- the conductive member 120 can be quickly positioned at the corresponding position of the radiation port face 101 through the positioning mark 101a, so that the installation and positioning between the conductive member 120 and the antenna main body 110 More convenient and faster.
- limiting grooves 1011 can be formed on the radiation port surface 101, and the limiting grooves 1011 are respectively located on both sides of the radiation port 103 along the direction of the electric field, that is, the direction a. Limiting slots 1011 are respectively provided on both sides of the port 103 along the direction of the electric field, that is, the direction a.
- At least part of the conductive member 120 outside the radiation opening 103 is embedded in the limiting groove 1011.
- the middle part of the conductive member 120 is located on the radiation opening 103, and the parts of the conductive member 120 protruding from the radiation opening 103 can be respectively embedded in the corresponding In the limit groove 1011 of each sub-radiation opening 1031, the movement of the conductive member 120 is restricted in the direction perpendicular to the electric field, so as to ensure the structural stability of each sub-radiation opening 1031.
- the shape and size of the limiting groove 1011 can match the conductive member 120 , so that the conductive member 120 is stably embedded in the limiting groove 1011 , ensuring the structural stability of each radiation sub-port 1031 .
- the conductive member 120 protrudes from the radiation opening surface 101 and occupies the dimension of the antenna 100 in the height direction, that is, the z direction, thereby reducing the cross-sectional height of the antenna 100 .
- the above-mentioned limiting groove 1011 can be used as a positioning mark 101a, so that the conductive member 120 can be accurately installed on the corresponding position of the radiation opening surface 101 through the limiting groove 1011, ensuring that the size of each sub-radiating opening 1031 is within the setting range.
- the conductive member 120 may also be fixed on the radiation port surface 101 by means of welding or bonding.
- the conductive member 120 can be completely fixed on the radiation port surface 101.
- both ends of the conductive member 120 along the extension direction can also be extended and fixed on the side wall of the antenna main body 110, for example, the conductive member The part of 120 located on the radiation port surface 101 can be embedded in the limiting groove 1011, and the two ends of the conductive member 120 along the extension direction can also protrude from the limiting groove 1011 and extend to the side wall of the antenna main body 110.
- This application implements For example, there is no limitation on the fixed position of the conductive member 120 , as long as at least part of the conductive member 120 is located at the radiation opening 103 so that the radiation opening 103 is divided into multiple sub-radiation openings 1031 .
- through holes can also be provided on the two inner walls of the radiation port 103 opposite to each other along the direction of the electric field, that is, the direction a, and the conductive member 120 can be inserted into the two through holes on the antenna main body 110, so as to ensure that the conductive member 120 is stably fixed.
- the radiation port 103 In the radiation port 103.
- connection between the conductive member 120 and the antenna main body 110 The above fixing methods are only some examples of the connection between the conductive member 120 and the antenna main body 110.
- the conductive member 120 can also be fixed on the antenna main body 110 through other feasible connection methods.
- the connection method between the conductive member 120 and the antenna main body 110 No restrictions.
- Fig. 15 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 , in a feasible implementation manner, the radial cross-sectional areas of the plurality of radiation sub-ports 1031 are equal (as shown in FIG. 14 ) or unequal (as shown in FIG. 15 ).
- each conductive member 120 may be a conductive column, for example, the conductive column may be embedded in a limiting groove 1011 on the radiation port surface 101 .
- the radial cross-sectional shape of the conductive elements 120 may be circular (as shown in FIG. 7 ), in other words, each conductive element 120 is a cylindrical structure.
- the radial cross-sectional shape of each conductive member 120 can also be a polygon, wherein, the polygon can be a triangle, a quadrangle, a pentagon, etc., for example, the diameter of each conductive member 120
- the cross-sectional shape is a quadrilateral (shown in Fig. 15).
- each conductive member 120 can also be other irregular shapes, for example, the radial cross-sectional shape of each conductive member 120 can be a "cross" shape or an "X" shape, etc.
- the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the radial structural shape of the conductive member 120 , as long as the conductive member 120 can divide the radiation opening 103 into multiple sub-radiation openings 1031 .
- the radial cross-sectional area of each conductive element 120 that is, the thickness of the conductive column is not limited.
- the conductive member 120 of the embodiment of the present application can also be a metal wire, for example, at least part of the metal wire can be embedded in the limiting groove 1011 on the radiation port surface 101, or welded to the radiation port surface 101 on.
- the arrangement of the metal wire reduces the occupied size of the conductive member 120 in the antenna 100, for example, the metal wire reduces the size of the conductive member 120 along the first direction (such as shown in the x direction in FIG.
- the metal wire also reduces the size of the conductive member 120 along the height direction of the antenna 100 (refer to the z direction shown in FIG. 14 ), and realizes the miniaturization of the antenna 100 .
- the conductive member 120 can also be a thin metal sheet.
- the thin metal sheet can be vertically inserted into the limiting groove 1011 on the surface of the radiation opening 101. In this way, the conductive member 120 can be reduced.
- the size of the first direction (such as shown in the x direction in Fig. 14) can increase the conductive member 120 in the radiation port 103 of a certain size on the basis of ensuring that each sub-radiation port 1031 can pass through the electromagnetic wave of a certain operating frequency.
- the number of settings can increase the gain of the antenna 100 .
- the conductive member 120 in the embodiment of the present application can be arranged in any structure, as long as the space of the radiation opening 103 can be separated in the x direction, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the structure of the conductive member 120 .
- Fig. 16 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- the outer wall of the conductive member 120 can also be wrapped with a reinforcing layer 140, so that the structural strength of the conductive member 120 can be enhanced.
- the radial dimension of the conductive member 120 is small, it can be passed
- the wrapping of the reinforcing layer 140 makes the structure of the conductive member 120 on the radiation opening 103 more stable, thereby improving the structural stability of each sub-radiation opening 11031 .
- the material of the reinforcement layer 140 is selected from a material with a lower dielectric constant.
- the reinforcement layer 140 may select a material with a dielectric constant less than or equal to 3, so as to approach the dielectric constant of air, and reduce or even ignore the reinforcement layer 140.
- the energy loss of electromagnetic waves ensures the radiation performance of the antenna.
- the material of the reinforcement layer 140 may include, but not limited to, any one of foam plastics, non-polar resin, and weakly polar resin.
- the reinforcement layer 140 can be made of polyurethane, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, phenolic foam and other materials with a dielectric constant of about 2.5.
- the conductive member 120 is installed on the antenna main body 110.
- the part of the conductive member 120 outside the radiation port 1031 can be attached to the radiation port surface 101.
- the conductive member The portion of 120 located on the radiation opening 1031 may be parallel to the surface of the radiation opening 101 , in other words, the conductive member 120 such as a metal wire may be stretched and arranged on the radiation opening 101 .
- the conductive member 120 such as a metal wire can also be bent on the radiation port 103, for example, the part of the conductive member 120 on the radiation port 103 can be bent and protrude from the radiation port surface 101, or be recessed to the antenna main body 110, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 17 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG. 17 , there are multiple radiation ports 103 in the embodiment of the present application, and the plurality of radiation ports 103 are arranged at intervals on the radiation port surface 101 of the antenna main body 110 .
- each feeding port communicates with the corresponding radiation port 103 in the height direction of the antenna 100, and each feeding port can pass through the corresponding switching structure 400 such as the feeding network and the radio frequency circuit 200 electrical connection.
- the radio frequency circuit 200 can feed a corresponding radio frequency signal into each feeding port, and the radio frequency signal forms an electric field in the cavity between the feeding port and the corresponding radiation port 103, and Electromagnetic waves are generated, and the electromagnetic waves are finally radiated from the corresponding radiation ports 103 .
- the radio frequency circuit 200 can feed radio frequency signals of different amplitudes into each feeding port, so that the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application can obtain lower side lobe characteristics.
- the radiation aperture 101 of the embodiment of the present application is a two-dimensional planar structure, for example, the radiation aperture 101 is located on the xy plane (the plane jointly formed by the x direction and the y direction).
- the radiation ports 103 can be arranged in an m*n array on the radiation port surface 101 of the antenna body 110, where m is the number of rows of the array formed by a plurality of radiation ports 103, and m can be any discrete value greater than or equal to 1
- m can be 1, 2 or 3, etc.
- n is the number of columns of the array formed by a plurality of radiation ports 103, and n can be any discrete value greater than or equal to 1, for example, n can be 1, 2 or 3, etc. .
- the four radiation ports 103 are arranged in a 2*2 array, for example, spaced along the x direction of the radiation port surface 101
- Two radiation ports 103 are provided, and two radiation ports 103 are arranged at intervals along the y-direction of the radiation port surface 101.
- four feed port is provided on the feeding surface 102 of the antenna main body 110, and four feed port.
- the radiation port surface 101 of the embodiment of the present application may also be a three-dimensional curved surface structure (not shown in the figure), and a plurality of radiation port surfaces 101 are arranged at intervals on the three-dimensional curved surface structure.
- the structure of the surface 101 is limited.
- the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application forms an array antenna, so that energy weighting can be realized between the elements formed by the radiation ports 101 of the antenna 100 , thereby increasing the gain of the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application, widening the bandwidth of the antenna 100, improving the performance of the antenna 100, and ensuring that the size of the antenna 100 in the section height will not be affected, that is, ensuring The low profile of the antenna 100 is shown.
- the array antenna formed by the antenna 100 according to the embodiment of the present application is easier to manufacture in batches.
- the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application may include, but not limited to, any one of the waveguide slot antenna 100, the waveguide horn antenna 100 (shown in FIG. 4 ), and the waveguide probe antenna 100, that is to say, the improvement of the embodiment of the present application
- the scheme can be adapted to any antenna 100, in other words, the radiation surface 101 of any antenna 100 such as the waveguide slot antenna 100, the waveguide horn antenna 100, the waveguide probe antenna 100, etc. can be improved to achieve high gain and high gain of the antenna 100.
- the feature of low profile enriches the application scenarios of the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 18 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 19 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- the waveguide horn antenna may include, but not limited to, an E-plane waveguide horn antenna, an H-plane waveguide horn antenna, and a square waveguide horn antenna. (refer to Figure 4 and Figure 18) and any one of the ridge waveguide horn antenna (refer to Figure 19).
- the horn section of the square waveguide horn antenna can be a structure in which a pair of side walls are gradually opened, and the other pair of side walls is arranged in parallel (as shown in FIG. 4 ), or two pairs of opposite side walls can be opened.
- the structure, that is, the square waveguide horn antenna is a pyramidal horn antenna (refer to FIG. 18 ), and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the structure of the waveguide horn antenna.
- the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application may be an antenna 100 whose radial side wall is a closed structure (refer to FIG. 4, FIG. 18 and FIG.
- the opening surface 101 is an open structure, and the side walls between the feeding surface 102 and the radiation opening surface 101 are all closed structures.
- the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application may have a non-closed structure along the radial side wall, in other words, except for the feeding surface 102 and the radiation surface of the antenna 100 101 is an opening structure, and the side wall between the feeding surface 102 and the radiation opening surface 101 is also an opening structure.
- Fig. 20 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG. 20 , the antenna 100 has an opening structure along the radial side wall and the feeding surface 102 , and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the structure of the antenna 100 .
- Fig. 21 is a characteristic result diagram of the return loss of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application
- Fig. 22 is a characteristic result diagram of the vertical plane low sidelobe of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application
- Fig. 23 is an implementation of the present application
- the curve a1 in Figure 21 is the The return loss characteristic curve of the antenna 100 of the embodiment
- the curve b1 is the callback loss characteristic curve of the antenna 1 in the related art, it can be seen that, compared with the antenna 1 in the related art, the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application has a gain of 7.5dB is raised to 10.3dB (refer to Figure 21).
- curve a2 is the low sidelobe characteristic curve of the vertical plane of the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application
- curve b2 is the low sidelobe characteristic curve of the vertical plane of the antenna 1 of the related art. It can be seen that the vertical plane The low sidelobe is reduced from -5dB in the related art to -26.6dB in the embodiment of the present application, wherein the coordinates of m1 in the curve a2 are (0.0000, -72.0000), and the coordinates of m2 are (10.2853, -16.3536), the broadening work Bandwidth improves matching.
- curve a3 is the characteristic curve of the horizontal plane wide beam of the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application
- curve b3 is the characteristic curve of the horizontal plane wide beam of the antenna 1 of the related art. It can be seen that the horizontal plane wide beam Performance is unaffected with a 3dB horizontal beam ⁇ 110°.
- the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application can ensure the low profile height and small radiation surface 101 of the antenna 100 on the basis of ensuring the characteristics of gain, low sidelobe in the vertical plane, and wide beam in the horizontal plane, so that the antenna 100 can be Miniaturization also reduces the weight of the antenna 100 and saves the production cost of the antenna 100 .
- the above characteristic results are performance tests conducted by taking six sub-radiation openings 1031 , for example, setting five conductive members 120 in the radiation opening 103 as an example.
- this effect can also be achieved by dividing the radiation opening 103 into more or fewer sub-radiation openings 1031 in the embodiment of the present application, and the number of sub-radiation openings 1031 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
- the gain of the antenna 100 is improved, the signal transmission performance of the electronic device is ensured, and the low profile and small radiation surface 101 of the antenna 100 are also realized, reducing the The occupied size of the antenna 100 in the electronic device is ensured, and a suitable space is provided for setting other components in the electronic device.
- an array antenna can be set in the electronic device on the basis of ensuring a certain size of the electronic device, so as to further improve the performance of the electronic device.
- the performance of the device enables the electronic device to meet more requirements and adapt to more application scenarios. For example, it can be used in vehicle radar system applications and has extremely high application value.
- the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application may also be applicable to scenarios with limited size such as millimeter wave sensing radar and satellite communication in motion.
- the working performance of the electronic device is improved, and on the other hand, the occupied size of the array antenna in the electronic device is also reduced.
- the number of antennas 100 in the array antenna can be increased, thereby improving the radiation performance of the array antenna 100 and improving the working performance of the electronic device.
- electrical connection in this application can be understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction of components; it can also be understood as the connection between different components in the circuit structure through printed circuit board (printed circuit board, PCB) copper foil or wires A form of connection such as physical lines that can transmit electrical signals.
- Coupling can be understood as electrical conduction through space through indirect coupling.
- the coupling in this application can be understood as capacitive coupling, for example, the coupling between the gaps between the two conductive elements 120 forms an equivalent capacitance to realize signal transmission.
- the coupling phenomenon refers to the close cooperation and mutual influence between the input and output of two or more circuit elements or electrical networks, and through the interaction from one side to the other side The phenomenon of energy transfer.
- Communication connection may refer to electrical signal transmission, including wireless communication connection and wired communication connection.
- a wireless communication connection does not require a physical medium and does not belong to a connection relationship that defines a product configuration.
- Both "connection” and “connection” can refer to a mechanical or physical connection relationship, that is, the connection between A and B or the connection between A and B can mean that there are fastening components (such as screws, bolts, rivets, etc.) between A and B. etc.), or A and B are in contact with each other and A and B are difficult to be separated.
- connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a An indirect connection through an intermediary may be an internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements.
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Abstract
Provided in the embodiments of the present application are an antenna, an array antenna and an electronic device. The antenna comprises an antenna main body. The antenna main body is provided with a radiation aperture face, which is provided with at least one radiation aperture. The radiation aperture is provided with one or more conductive pieces, which divide the radiation aperture into a plurality of sub-radiation apertures. The sub-radiation apertures are arranged at intervals in a direction perpendicular to an electric field at the radiation aperture face, and are all located on the radiation aperture face, so that the energy density of the radiation aperture is subjected to weighted distribution by at least two sub-radiation apertures. Thus, the antenna changes from a traditional cylindrical wavefront to an approximately planar wavefront, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna. Therefore, when the antenna of the embodiments of the present application is manufactured, the cross section height and the size of the radiation aperture face of the antenna can be reduced. In addition, the size of each sub-radiation aperture in the direction perpendicular to the electric field is 0.3λ-2λ so as to guarantee that electromagnetic waves with a certain frequency can pass through the corresponding sub-radiation apertures.
Description
本申请要求于2021年12月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111635110.1、申请名称为“天线、阵列天线及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application with application number 202111635110.1 and application title "Antenna, Array Antenna, and Electronic Equipment" filed with the China Patent Office on December 29, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference .
本申请实施例涉及天线技术领域,特别涉及一种天线、阵列天线及电子设备。The embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of antennas, and in particular, to an antenna, an array antenna, and an electronic device.
近年来,随着车载毫米波雷达***等电子设备的快速发展,宽频带、高传输速率、小型化和多功能集成的电子设备依然称为发展趋势,由于毫米波等高频段能够满足以上需求,毫米波雷达天线成为近年来研究备受关注。In recent years, with the rapid development of electronic equipment such as vehicle-mounted millimeter-wave radar systems, electronic equipment with broadband, high transmission rate, miniaturization, and multi-functional integration are still called development trends. Since high-frequency bands such as millimeter waves can meet the above requirements, Millimeter-wave radar antennas have attracted much attention in recent years.
因波导天线具有插损小、高增益、易实现超低副瓣等优势,越来越受到关注。一般地,天线例如波导天线的剖面高度和辐射口一般做的比较大,以减小辐射口上能量分布的相位差,从而增大波导天线的增益。Due to the advantages of low insertion loss, high gain, and easy realization of ultra-low sidelobes, waveguide antennas have attracted more and more attention. Generally, the section height of the antenna such as the waveguide antenna and the radiation opening are generally made larger to reduce the phase difference of energy distribution on the radiation opening, thereby increasing the gain of the waveguide antenna.
然而,相关技术中,天线的剖面高度和辐射口面的尺寸均较大,不利于天线的小型化。However, in the related art, the cross-sectional height of the antenna and the size of the radiation aperture are relatively large, which is not conducive to the miniaturization of the antenna.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请实施例提供了一种天线、阵列天线及电子设备,能够在保证天线的增益的基础上,可减小天线的剖面高度和辐射口面尺寸,实现天线的小型化。Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna, an array antenna, and electronic equipment, which can reduce the cross-sectional height and radiation aperture size of the antenna on the basis of ensuring the gain of the antenna, and realize miniaturization of the antenna.
本申请实施例一方面提供了一种天线,包括天线主体;An embodiment of the present application provides an antenna, including an antenna body;
天线主体具有辐射口面,辐射口面上具有至少一个辐射口,该辐射口处设置有一个导电件,该导电件将辐射口分隔为两个子辐射口;或者,辐射口处设置有多个导电件,多个导电件沿垂直于辐射口的电场方向间隔设置;The antenna main body has a radiation port surface, at least one radiation port is provided on the radiation port, and a conductive member is arranged at the radiation port, and the conductive member divides the radiation port into two sub-radiation ports; or, the radiation port is provided with a plurality of conductive pieces, a plurality of conductive pieces are arranged at intervals along the direction of the electric field perpendicular to the radiation port;
多个子辐射口沿垂直于辐射口面上的电场方向间隔设置,且每个子辐射口均位于辐射口面上,每个子辐射口沿垂直于电场方向的尺寸为0.3λ~2λ,其中,λ为天线的工作波长。A plurality of radiation sub-ports are arranged at intervals along the direction of the electric field perpendicular to the surface of the radiation port, and each sub-radiation port is located on the surface of the radiation port, and the size of each sub-radiation port along the direction perpendicular to the electric field is 0.3λ~2λ, where λ is The operating wavelength of the antenna.
本申请实施例提供的天线,通过导电件将天线主体的辐射口分隔成沿垂直于电场的方向间隔设置的多个子辐射口,使得辐射口上的能量进行了至少两个子辐射口的加权分布,能量在辐射口的中心点与边缘的相位差小于相关技术中辐射口的中心点与边缘的相位差,使得天线由传统的球面波前变为近似平面波前,辐射口面上的能量密度进行了至少两个子辐射口的加权分布,使得辐射口面处的能量分布密度更加均匀,从而增大了天线的增益,这样在制作本申请实施例的天线时,可减小天线的剖面高度和辐射口面尺寸,使得本申请实施例的天线得以小型化。另外,通过将每个子辐射口沿垂直于电场方向的尺寸设置在上述范围内,以确保一定频率的电磁波能量能够从对应的子辐射口辐射出去,实现信号的发送,另外也减小了能量损耗,提高天线的增益,另外,也避免了子辐射口沿垂直于电场方 向的尺寸过大,而使得辐射口面无法分隔成更多的子辐射口,导致本申请实施例的天线增益受到限制的情况发生。In the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application, the radiation opening of the antenna body is divided into a plurality of sub-radiation openings arranged at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the electric field through conductive members, so that the energy on the radiation opening is weighted by at least two sub-radiation openings, and the energy The phase difference between the center point and the edge of the radiation port is smaller than the phase difference between the center point and the edge of the radiation port in the related art, so that the antenna changes from a traditional spherical wave front to an approximate plane wave front, and the energy density on the radiation port surface is at least The weighted distribution of the two sub-radiation openings makes the energy distribution density at the radiation opening surface more uniform, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna, so that when making the antenna of the embodiment of the present application, the section height of the antenna and the radiation opening surface can be reduced. The size makes the antenna of the embodiment of the present application miniaturized. In addition, by setting the size of each sub-radiation port perpendicular to the direction of the electric field within the above-mentioned range, it is ensured that the electromagnetic wave energy of a certain frequency can be radiated from the corresponding sub-radiation port to realize signal transmission and reduce energy loss. , improve the gain of the antenna, and also avoid the excessive size of the sub-radiation port along the direction perpendicular to the electric field, so that the radiation port surface cannot be divided into more sub-radiation ports, resulting in the limitation of the antenna gain of the embodiment of the present application Situation happens.
另外,通过在天线的辐射口面上间隔设置多个导电件,一方面,可将辐射口面分隔为更多的子辐射口,使得辐射段内的能量进行了更多区域的加权分布,使得辐射口面上的能量密度更为均匀,另一方面,在实际设计时,可通过调整导电件的位置,例如,可通过调整相邻两个导电件之间的间距,以调整子辐射口的尺寸,从而使得该天线达到实际要求的电气性能,也即是说,使得本申请实施例的天线的电气性能更易于调整。In addition, by arranging a plurality of conductive parts at intervals on the radiation opening surface of the antenna, on the one hand, the radiation opening surface can be divided into more sub-radiation openings, so that the energy in the radiation section can be weighted in more areas, so that The energy density on the surface of the radiation port is more uniform. On the other hand, in actual design, the position of the conductive parts can be adjusted, for example, the distance between two adjacent conductive parts can be adjusted to adjust the energy density of the sub-radiation port. size, so that the antenna can meet the actual required electrical performance, that is, the electrical performance of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application can be adjusted more easily.
在一种可行的实现方式中,导电件位于天线主体的内部,且导电件的两端分别连接于天线主体的内壁上。In a feasible implementation manner, the conductive element is located inside the antenna main body, and two ends of the conductive element are respectively connected to inner walls of the antenna main body.
本申请实施例通过将导电件设置在天线主体的内部,减小了导电件在天线的剖面高度上的占用尺寸,从而减小了本申请实施例的天线的剖面高度,使得天线更加小型化。另外,通过将导电件的两端分别连接在天线主体的内壁上,增强了导电件在天线主体内的稳固性,使得整个天线的结构更加稳定,保证各个子辐射口的结构稳定性。In the embodiment of the present application, by arranging the conductive member inside the antenna main body, the size occupied by the conductive member in the cross-sectional height of the antenna is reduced, thereby reducing the cross-sectional height of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application, making the antenna more miniaturized. In addition, by connecting the two ends of the conductive member to the inner wall of the antenna main body, the stability of the conductive member in the antenna main body is enhanced, making the structure of the whole antenna more stable, and ensuring the structural stability of each sub-radiation port.
在一种可行的实现方式中,导电件与天线主体为一体成型的一体件。In a feasible implementation manner, the conductive member and the antenna main body are integrally formed as one piece.
本申请实施例通过将导电件和天线主体设置为一体成型的一体件,例如,导电件和天线主体可一体浇筑成型,简化了天线的制作工序,提高了天线的制作效率,另外,也增强了导电件与天线主体之间的连接稳固性,使得整个天线的结构更加稳定可靠。In the embodiment of the present application, the conductive part and the antenna main body are provided as an integrated part, for example, the conductive part and the antenna main body can be integrally cast, which simplifies the manufacturing process of the antenna and improves the manufacturing efficiency of the antenna. The connection stability between the conductive member and the antenna main body makes the structure of the whole antenna more stable and reliable.
在一种可行的实现方式中,天线主体包括沿轴向依次设置的第一部分和第二部分;In a feasible implementation manner, the antenna body includes a first part and a second part arranged in sequence along the axial direction;
天线为波导天线,第一部分包括天线的波导段和部分辐射段,第二部分为辐射段的另一部分;The antenna is a waveguide antenna, the first part includes the waveguide section and part of the radiation section of the antenna, and the second part is another part of the radiation section;
第一部分与第二部分为分体件,导电件与第二部分为一体成型的一体件。The first part and the second part are separate parts, and the conductive part and the second part are integrally formed as one piece.
本申请实施例通过将天线主体设置为两个分体设置的第一部分和第二部分,将导电件和一部分喇叭段的第二部分设置为一体成型的一体件,这样,在制作时,可将第一部分一次浇筑成型,将第二部分和导电件一次浇筑成型,因第二部分的剖面高度相比于整个天线主体更小,使得第二部分和导电件的一体结构在浇筑成型过程中更易脱模,减小了辐射口面上的导电件对脱模过程造成的影响,从而使得天线的制作工艺更加简单快捷,提高了本申请实施例的天线的制作效率。In the embodiment of the present application, the antenna main body is set as two separate first parts and second parts, and the conductive part and the second part of a part of the horn section are set as an integral part. In this way, during production, the The first part is poured and formed at one time, and the second part and the conductive part are casted and formed at one time. Because the section height of the second part is smaller than that of the entire antenna body, the integrated structure of the second part and the conductive part is easier to fall off during the pouring process. The mold reduces the impact of the conductive parts on the radiation port surface on the demoulding process, thereby making the manufacturing process of the antenna simpler and faster, and improving the manufacturing efficiency of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application.
在一种可行的实现方式中,辐射口面上具有定位标识,定位标识用于对辐射口面上的导电件进行定位。In a feasible implementation manner, a positioning mark is provided on the radiation port surface, and the positioning mark is used for positioning the conductive element on the radiation port face.
通过在辐射口面上设置定位标识,使得导电件可通过该定位标识准确的设置辐射口面的对应位置,使得导电件与天线主体之间的安装定位更加方便快捷。By setting the positioning mark on the radiation opening surface, the conductive member can accurately set the corresponding position of the radiation opening surface through the positioning mark, making the installation and positioning between the conductive member and the antenna main body more convenient and quick.
在一种可行的实现方式中,辐射口面上形成有限位槽,限位槽位于辐射口沿电场方向的两侧,导电件位于辐射口外侧的至少部分嵌设在限位槽内,该限位槽被配置为定位标识,这样,一方面,导电件可通过该限位槽准确地安装在辐射口面的相应位置,保证每个子辐射口的尺寸在设置范围内,另一方面,可限制导电件在垂直于电场的方向活动,以保证子辐射口的结构稳定性,另外,通过将导电件嵌设在限位槽内,以避免导电件占用天线沿高度方向上的尺寸,从而确保天线的低剖面。In a feasible implementation, a limiting groove is formed on the surface of the radiation opening, and the limiting groove is located on both sides of the radiation opening along the direction of the electric field, and at least part of the conductive member located outside the radiation opening is embedded in the limiting groove. The position slot is configured as a positioning mark, so that, on the one hand, the conductive part can be accurately installed on the corresponding position of the radiation port surface through the limit slot to ensure that the size of each sub-radiation port is within the setting range; on the other hand, it can limit Conductive parts move in the direction perpendicular to the electric field to ensure the structural stability of the sub-radiation openings. In addition, by embedding the conductive parts in the limiting slots, the conductive parts are prevented from occupying the size of the antenna along the height direction, thereby ensuring that the antenna low profile.
在一种可行的实现方式中,天线还包括连接件;In a feasible implementation manner, the antenna further includes a connecting piece;
连接件盖设在辐射口面上,导电件设置在连接件上,这样可保证导电件稳定地设置在 辐射口面内。The connecting part cover is arranged on the radiation opening surface, and the conductive part is arranged on the connecting part, which can ensure that the conductive part is stably arranged in the radiation opening surface.
在一种可行的实现方式中,连接件为膜片,膜片上形成有导电图案,导电图案被配置为导电件。In a feasible implementation manner, the connecting element is a diaphragm, and a conductive pattern is formed on the diaphragm, and the conductive pattern is configured as a conductive element.
本申请实施例通过将连接件设置为膜片,并在膜片上形成导电图案,以作为导电件,对辐射口面进行区域分隔,一方面保证了导电件在辐射口内的稳定性,使得对辐射口的区域分隔更加可靠,保证辐射口的能量密度的分布均匀性,另一方面,膜片对整个天线的剖面高度方向上的占用尺寸较小,使得本申请实施例的天线的剖面高度尺寸不会受到影响,换句话说,可保证本申请实施例的天线的低剖面。In the embodiment of the present application, the connector is set as a diaphragm, and a conductive pattern is formed on the diaphragm as a conductive member to separate the radiation port surface. On the one hand, the stability of the conductive member in the radiation port is ensured, so that the The area separation of the radiation port is more reliable, ensuring the uniformity of the energy density distribution of the radiation port. On the other hand, the diaphragm occupies a small size in the direction of the section height of the entire antenna, so that the section height of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application is smaller. will not be affected, in other words, the low profile of the antenna of the embodiment of the present application can be guaranteed.
在一种可行的实现方式中,导电件的外缘与天线主体的内壁在平行于辐射口面的方向上具有一定间距,即导电件悬空设置在辐射口内,这样,在保证导电件对辐射口面的区域进行分隔,使得辐射口面形成至少两个子辐射口的基础上,该导电件可以作为天线的参考地,以实现天线的阻抗匹配,提升天线的工作性能。In a feasible implementation, there is a certain distance between the outer edge of the conductive member and the inner wall of the antenna main body in the direction parallel to the radiation port, that is, the conductive member is suspended in the radiation port. On the basis of separating the area of the surface so that the radiation port surface forms at least two sub-radiation ports, the conductive member can be used as the reference ground of the antenna to achieve impedance matching of the antenna and improve the working performance of the antenna.
在一种可行的实现方式中,多个子辐射口的径向截面面积相等或者不相等。In a feasible implementation manner, the radial cross-sectional areas of the plurality of radiation sub-ports are equal or unequal.
本申请实施例通过将多个子辐射口的径向截面面积设置为相等或者不相等,例如,当辐射口面上设置有多个导电件上,相邻两个导电件之间的间距可以相等,也可以不相等,从而降低了导电件的位置设置要求,使得导电件的设置更加灵活方便,从而提高了本申请实施例的天线的制作效率。In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the radial cross-sectional areas of multiple sub-radiation openings to be equal or unequal, for example, when there are multiple conductive elements on the surface of the radiation opening, the distance between two adjacent conductive elements can be equal, It may also be unequal, thereby reducing the requirement for setting the position of the conductive element, making the arrangement of the conductive element more flexible and convenient, thereby improving the manufacturing efficiency of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application.
在一种可行的实现方式中,导电件的外侧壁包裹有加强层,加强层的材料包括泡沫塑料、非极性树脂、弱极性树脂中的任意一种。In a feasible implementation manner, the outer wall of the conductive member is wrapped with a reinforcement layer, and the material of the reinforcement layer includes any one of foam plastics, non-polar resin, and weak polar resin.
本申请实施例通过在导电件的外侧壁包裹加强层,以增强导电件的结构强度,例如当导电件的径向尺寸较小时,可通过加强层的包裹,使得导电件在辐射口上的结构更加稳定,从而提高了每个子辐射口的结构稳定性。其中,该加强层可以采用泡沫塑料、非极性树脂、弱极性树脂等低介电常数的材料制成,以减小甚至忽略该加强层对电磁波的能量损耗,保证天线的辐射性能。In the embodiment of the present application, the structural strength of the conductive member is enhanced by wrapping the outer wall of the conductive member with a reinforcing layer. Stable, thereby improving the structural stability of each sub-radiation port. Wherein, the reinforcement layer can be made of low dielectric constant materials such as foam plastics, non-polar resin, weak polarity resin, etc., so as to reduce or even ignore the energy loss of the reinforcement layer to electromagnetic waves and ensure the radiation performance of the antenna.
在一种可行的实现方式中,辐射口为多个,多个辐射口间隔设置在天线主体的一端。In a feasible implementation manner, there are multiple radiation ports, and the multiple radiation ports are arranged at intervals at one end of the antenna main body.
本申请实施例通过在天线主体上设置多个间隔的辐射口,使得本申请实施例的天线形成阵列天线,例如,当多个辐射口呈阵列排布在天线主体的端面上,该天线形成二位阵列天线,这样,天线的各个辐射口形成的阵子之间可实现能量加权,从而增大了本申请实施例的天线的增益,扩宽了天线的带宽,使得天线的工作性能得以提升,也可保证天线在剖面高度上的尺寸不会受到影响,即保证了天线的低剖面。In the embodiment of the present application, by setting a plurality of spaced radiation ports on the antenna body, the antenna in the embodiment of the present application forms an array antenna. For example, when a plurality of radiation ports are arranged in an array on the end surface of the antenna body, the antenna forms two In this way, energy weighting can be realized between the elements formed by the radiation ports of the antenna, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application, widening the bandwidth of the antenna, and improving the working performance of the antenna. It can be ensured that the size of the antenna in terms of profile height will not be affected, that is, the low profile of the antenna can be ensured.
在一种可行的实现方式中,天线为波导缝隙天线、波导喇叭天线、波导探头天线中的任意一种,也即是说,本申请实施例的改进方案可适应于任意一种波导天线,换句话说,可对波导缝隙天线、波导喇叭天线、波导探头天线等任意一个波导天线的辐射口面进行改进,实现波导天线的高增益、低剖面的特点,丰富了本申请实施例的天线的应用场景。In a feasible implementation, the antenna is any one of a waveguide slot antenna, a waveguide horn antenna, and a waveguide probe antenna. In other words, the radiation surface of any waveguide antenna, such as waveguide slot antenna, waveguide horn antenna, waveguide probe antenna, etc., can be improved to realize the characteristics of high gain and low profile of the waveguide antenna, which enriches the application of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application Scenes.
本申请实施例另一方面提供了一种阵列天线,包括多个如上所述的天线,多个天线呈阵列排布。Another aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an array antenna, including multiple antennas as described above, and the multiple antennas are arranged in an array.
本申请实施例提供的阵列天线,通过采用上述天线形成阵列天线,使得每个天线小型化,从而缩小了整个阵列天线的尺寸,节约了在电子设备例如雷达***内的占用空间,从而可实现电子设备的小型化。换个角度来说,通过使每个天线小型化,可在一定尺寸的电 子设备内,增加阵列天线中天线的数量,从而提高阵列天线的辐射性能,保证电子设备的通信性能。The array antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application uses the above-mentioned antenna to form an array antenna, so that each antenna is miniaturized, thereby reducing the size of the entire array antenna, saving the occupied space in electronic equipment such as a radar system, and realizing electronic Miniaturization of equipment. From another perspective, by miniaturizing each antenna, the number of antennas in the array antenna can be increased within a certain size of electronic equipment, thereby improving the radiation performance of the array antenna and ensuring the communication performance of the electronic equipment.
本申请实施例再一方面提供了一种电子设备,包括射频电路和如上所述的天线;Another aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including a radio frequency circuit and the above-mentioned antenna;
天线的馈电面与射频电路电连接。The feeding surface of the antenna is electrically connected with the radio frequency circuit.
本申请实施例通过在电子设备内设置上述天线,提高了天线的增益,保证了电子设备的信号传输性能,也实现了天线的低剖面,减小了天线在电子设备内的占用尺寸,为电子设备内设置其他部件提供了合适的空间,例如,可在保证电子设备的尺寸一定的基础上,在电子设备内设置阵列天线,以进一步提升电子设备的性能,使得该电子设备可满足更多的要求,以适应更多的应用场景。In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the above-mentioned antenna in the electronic device, the gain of the antenna is improved, the signal transmission performance of the electronic device is ensured, the low profile of the antenna is realized, and the occupied size of the antenna in the electronic device is reduced. Arranging other components in the device provides a suitable space. For example, on the basis of ensuring a certain size of the electronic device, an array antenna can be arranged in the electronic device to further improve the performance of the electronic device, so that the electronic device can meet more Requirements to adapt to more application scenarios.
图1是本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的结构示意图;FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图2是相关技术中天线的结构示意图;FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna in the related art;
图3是相关技术中天线的能量分布原理图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the energy distribution of the antenna in the related art;
图4是本申请一实施例提供的天线的其中一种结构示意图;Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of one of the antennas provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图5是图4的俯视图;Figure 5 is a top view of Figure 4;
图6是本申请一实施例提供的其中一种天线的能量分布原理图;FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of energy distribution of one of the antennas provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图7是本申请一实施例提供的天线的另一种结构示意图;Fig. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图8是图7中辐射口面的结构示意图;Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radiation port surface in Fig. 7;
图9是本申请一实施例提供的天线的注塑脱模示意图;FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of injection molding and demoulding of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图10是本申请一实施例提供的阵列天线的注塑脱模示意图;Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of injection molding and demoulding of an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图11是本申请一实施例提供的天线的又一种结构示意图;Fig. 11 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图12是本申请一实施例提供的天线的再一种结构示意图;Fig. 12 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图13是图12的结构分解图;Figure 13 is an exploded view of the structure of Figure 12;
图14是本申请一实施例提供的天线的再一种结构示意图;Fig. 14 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图15是本申请一实施例提供的天线的再一种结构示意图;Fig. 15 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图16是本申请一实施例提供的天线的再一种结构示意图;Fig. 16 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图17是本申请一实施例提供的天线的再一种结构示意图;Fig. 17 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图18是本申请一实施例提供的天线的再一种结构示意图;Fig. 18 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图19是本申请一实施例提供的天线的再一种结构示意图;Fig. 19 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图20是本申请一实施例提供的天线的再一种结构示意图;Fig. 20 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图21是本申请一实施例提供的天线的回波损耗的特征结果图;Fig. 21 is a characteristic result diagram of the return loss of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图22是本申请一实施例提供的天线的竖直面低副瓣的特征结果图;Fig. 22 is a characteristic result diagram of low sidelobes in the vertical plane of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图23是本申请一实施例提供的天线的水平面宽波束的特征结果图。Fig. 23 is a characteristic result diagram of the horizontal plane wide beam of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
附图标记说明:Explanation of reference signs:
1、100-天线;200-射频电路;300-电路板;400-转接结构;500-处理单元;600-功能芯片;700-雷达罩;800-支撑柱;900-浇筑模具;1. 100-antenna; 200-radio frequency circuit; 300-circuit board; 400-transfer structure; 500-processing unit; 600-function chip; 700-radome; 800-support column; 900-casting mold;
110-天线主体;120-导电件;4、101-辐射口面;5、102-馈电面;6、103-辐射口;130-连接件;140-加强层;910-上模;920-下模;110-antenna main body; 120-conductive parts; 4, 101-radiation port surface; 5, 102-feeding surface; 6, 103-radiation port; 130-connector; 140-strengthening layer; 910-upper mold; 920- Lower mold;
2、111-波导段;3、112-辐射段;101a-定位标识;1011-限位槽;1031-子辐射口;110a-第一部分;110b-第二部分;911-凸条;921-模具腔;922-灌胶口;923-支撑部;2. 111-waveguide section; 3.112-radiation section; 101a-positioning mark; 1011-limiting groove; 1031-sub-radiation port; 110a-first part; 110b-second part; Cavity; 922-glue filling port; 923-support portion;
923a-凹槽。923a - groove.
本申请的实施方式部分使用的术语仅用于对本申请的具体实施例进行解释,而非旨在限定本申请。The terms used in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain specific embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application.
图1是本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的结构示意图。参照图1所示,本申请实施例提供一种电子设备,该电子设备可通过内部的天线100向其他设备发送声音、距离等信号,或者,该电子设备可通过内部的天线100接收外部设备等发送来的信号。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG. 1 , the embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which can send signals such as sound and distance to other devices through the internal antenna 100, or the electronic device can receive signals from external devices, etc., through the internal antenna 100. signal sent.
本申请实施例提供的技术方案适用于采用以下一种或多种通信技术的电子设备:蓝牙(blue-tooth,BT)通信技术、全球定位***(global positioning system,GPS)通信技术、无线保真(wireless fidelity,WiFi)通信技术、全球移动通讯***(global system for mobile communications,GSM)通信技术、宽频码分多址(wideband code division multipleaccess,WCDMA)通信技术、长期演进(long term evolution,LTE)通信技术、5G通信技术以及未来其他通信技术等。The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are applicable to electronic devices using one or more of the following communication technologies: Bluetooth (blue-tooth, BT) communication technology, global positioning system (global positioning system, GPS) communication technology, wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, WiFi) communication technology, global system for mobile communications (GSM) communication technology, wideband code division multiple access (wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA) communication technology, long term evolution (LTE) Communication technology, 5G communication technology and other future communication technologies, etc.
需要说明的是,本申请实施例中的电子设备可以是手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、智能家居、智能手环、智能手表、智能头盔、智能眼镜等。电子设备还可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(session initiation protocol,SIP)电话、无线本地环路(wireless local loop,WLL)站、个人数字助手(personal digital assistant,PDA)、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备,5G网络中的电子设备或者未来演进的公用陆地移动通信网络(public land mobile network,PLMN)中的电子设备等,本申请实施例对此并不限定。It should be noted that the electronic device in the embodiment of the present application may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a smart home, a smart bracelet, a smart watch, a smart helmet, and smart glasses. The electronic device may also be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a Functional handheld devices, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, vehicle-mounted devices, electronic devices in the 5G network or electronic devices in the future evolution of the public land mobile network (PLMN), etc., this The application embodiments do not limit this.
本申请实施例的电子设备以车载设备为例进行说明。其中,该车载设备可以是有人或无人驾驶汽车、有人或无人驾驶轮船、火车、飞机等交通工具上的设备。The electronic device in the embodiment of the present application is described by taking a vehicle-mounted device as an example. Wherein, the vehicle-mounted device may be a device on a vehicle such as a manned or unmanned vehicle, a manned or unmanned ship, a train, or an airplane.
参照图1所示,本申请实施例具体以车载设备为雷达***为例进行说明。该雷达***可以是测速雷达***。例如,该测速雷达***可以测量车轮的转速来测量出汽车等交通工具的速度。该车载雷达***可以是障碍物探测雷达***,例如,该障碍物探测雷达***可以在无能见度或能见度很差的情况下观察地形,向司机报警从而防止事故。该车载雷达***可以是自适应巡航控制雷达,例如,该自适应巡航控制雷达能够适应车辆周围的环境,并根据本车与前车的速度与前车保持一个安全速度。Referring to FIG. 1 , the embodiment of the present application is specifically described by taking the vehicle-mounted device as a radar system as an example. The radar system may be a speed radar system. For example, the speed measuring radar system can measure the rotation speed of the wheels to measure the speed of vehicles such as cars. The on-vehicle radar system may be an obstacle detection radar system, for example, the obstacle detection radar system can observe the terrain when there is no visibility or poor visibility, and warn the driver to prevent accidents. The on-vehicle radar system may be an adaptive cruise control radar, for example, the adaptive cruise control radar can adapt to the surrounding environment of the vehicle, and maintain a safe speed with the preceding vehicle according to the speeds of the own vehicle and the preceding vehicle.
可以理解,雷达***的探测中信号的发送和接收都需要通过天线100完成。由于毫米波天线100具有宽频带、高传输速率、小型化等优势,使得该毫米波雷达***成为发展趋势。It can be understood that both sending and receiving of signals in the detection of the radar system need to be completed through the antenna 100 . Since the millimeter-wave antenna 100 has advantages such as wide frequency band, high transmission rate, and miniaturization, the millimeter-wave radar system becomes a development trend.
参照图1所示,电子设备例如雷达***可以包括天线100、射频电路200及电路板300,其中,天线100的一端与射频电路200电连接。该射频电路200可以是集成在电路板300上的射频集成电路(Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit,简称RFIC)。例如,天线100设置在电路板300上,且该天线100的一端可通过转接结构400例如馈电网络与与电路板300上的射频电路200电连接,使得天线100与射频电路200之间进行射频信号的相互传输。Referring to FIG. 1 , an electronic device such as a radar system may include an antenna 100 , a radio frequency circuit 200 and a circuit board 300 , wherein one end of the antenna 100 is electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit 200 . The radio frequency circuit 200 may be a radio frequency integrated circuit (Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit, RFIC for short) integrated on the circuit board 300 . For example, the antenna 100 is arranged on the circuit board 300, and one end of the antenna 100 can be electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit 200 on the circuit board 300 through a transfer structure 400 such as a feed network, so that the antenna 100 and the radio frequency circuit 200 The mutual transmission of radio frequency signals.
另外,电路板300上还设置有处理单元500例如数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor,简称DSP),该DSP可与RFIC可分别位于电路板300相对的两个表面,且该DSP与RFIC通过电路板300上的走线实现电连接,天线100与RFIC设置在电路板300的同一侧,以便于该天线100与RFIC电连接。实际应用中,在电路板300上还设置在其他内存芯片、控制芯片等功能芯片600。In addition, the circuit board 300 is also provided with a processing unit 500 such as a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, referred to as DSP), the DSP and the RFIC can be respectively located on the two opposite surfaces of the circuit board 300, and the DSP and the RFIC pass through the circuit The wires on the board 300 are electrically connected, and the antenna 100 and the RFIC are arranged on the same side of the circuit board 300 to facilitate the electrical connection between the antenna 100 and the RFIC. In practical applications, functional chips 600 such as other memory chips and control chips are also arranged on the circuit board 300 .
具体应用时,雷达***还包括雷达罩700。天线100、电路板300等元器件均设置在该雷达罩700内,以保护雷达***中的天线100等元器件免受外部环境影响。该雷达罩700在电气性能上具有良好的电磁波穿透特性,机械性能上能经受外部恶劣环境的作用。通过该雷达罩700对雷达***的元器件进行保护,以防雷达***内的元器件落灰或者遇水而损坏。电路板300的两端可通过支撑柱800固定在雷达罩700的内壁上,以提高电路板300以及集成在电路板300上的元器件的稳固性。In a specific application, the radar system further includes a radome 700 . Components such as the antenna 100 and the circuit board 300 are all arranged in the radome 700 to protect the components such as the antenna 100 in the radar system from the external environment. The radome 700 has good electromagnetic wave penetration properties in terms of electrical properties, and can withstand the effects of harsh external environments in terms of mechanical properties. The components of the radar system are protected by the radome 700 to prevent the components in the radar system from falling dust or being damaged by water. The two ends of the circuit board 300 can be fixed on the inner wall of the radome 700 through the supporting columns 800 to improve the stability of the circuit board 300 and the components integrated on the circuit board 300 .
可以理解的是,雷达***中设置有发送天线和接收天线,其中,发送天线或者接收天线可以包括一个或者多个天线100。例如,参照图1所示,雷达***中设置有三个天线100,这三个天线100可以是发送天线,也可以是接收天线。It can be understood that the radar system is provided with a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna, wherein the transmitting antenna or the receiving antenna may include one or more antennas 100 . For example, referring to FIG. 1 , three antennas 100 are provided in the radar system, and the three antennas 100 may be transmitting antennas or receiving antennas.
其中,作为发送天线或者接收天线的多个天线100可呈阵列排布在雷达***中,换句话说,电子设备例如雷达***还包括阵列天线,该阵列天线包括多个呈阵列排布的天线100。Wherein, a plurality of antennas 100 as transmitting antennas or receiving antennas may be arranged in an array in the radar system, in other words, electronic equipment such as a radar system also includes an array antenna, and the array antenna includes a plurality of antennas 100 arranged in an array .
其中,阵列天线中的多个天线100可以呈A*B阵列排布在电路板300上,其中,A为多个天线100形成的阵列的行数,A可以为大于或者等于1的任意离散值,例如,A可以是1、2或3等,B为多个天线100形成的阵列的列数,B可以为大于或者等于1的任意离散值,例如,B可以是1、2或3等。例如,参照图1所示,阵列天线包括三个天线100,三个天线100呈1*3阵列排布在电路板300上。Wherein, the plurality of antennas 100 in the array antenna can be arranged on the circuit board 300 in an A*B array, where A is the number of rows of the array formed by the plurality of antennas 100, and A can be any discrete value greater than or equal to 1 For example, A may be 1, 2 or 3, etc., B is the number of columns of the array formed by multiple antennas 100, and B may be any discrete value greater than or equal to 1, for example, B may be 1, 2 or 3, etc. For example, referring to FIG. 1 , the array antenna includes three antennas 100 arranged on a circuit board 300 in a 1*3 array.
可以理解的是,当A或B为1时,该阵列天线为线阵天线,例如图1所示的为当A和B均大于1时,该阵列天线形成为面阵天线。其中,该面阵天线可以为平面阵天线,例如,多个天线100阵列排布在同一个平面上。在其他示例中,该面阵天线还可以为曲面阵天线,例如,多个天线100阵列排布在曲面上,本申请实施例对阵列天线的排布方式不做限制。It can be understood that when A or B is 1, the array antenna is a linear array antenna. For example, as shown in FIG. 1 , when both A and B are greater than 1, the array antenna is formed as a planar array antenna. Wherein, the area array antenna may be a planar array antenna, for example, multiple antennas 100 are arrayed on the same plane. In other examples, the area array antenna may also be a curved surface array antenna, for example, multiple antennas 100 are arranged in an array on a curved surface, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the arrangement manner of the array antenna.
以天线100为发送天线为例,射频电路200例如RFIC可以为天线100提供信号源,例如,天线100的馈电端与射频电路200中的射频信号端口电连接,使得射频信号端口发送射频信号,并将该射频信号以电流的形式馈入至天线100中,继而该天线100将该射频信号以电磁波的形式发送至目标物,目标物将该电磁波信号反射后,被车载设备的接收天线接收。Taking the antenna 100 as the transmitting antenna as an example, the radio frequency circuit 200 such as RFIC can provide a signal source for the antenna 100, for example, the feed end of the antenna 100 is electrically connected to the radio frequency signal port in the radio frequency circuit 200, so that the radio frequency signal port transmits radio frequency signals, The radio frequency signal is fed into the antenna 100 in the form of electric current, and then the antenna 100 sends the radio frequency signal to the target object in the form of electromagnetic wave, and the target object reflects the electromagnetic wave signal and is received by the receiving antenna of the vehicle-mounted device.
当天线100为接收天线时,射频电路200可以接收天线100反馈的射频信号,例如,该天线100将接收到的电磁波信号转化为电流信号,继而通过转接结构400传输至射频电路200中,继而通过DSP进行后续的处理。When the antenna 100 is a receiving antenna, the radio frequency circuit 200 can receive the radio frequency signal fed back by the antenna 100, for example, the antenna 100 converts the received electromagnetic wave signal into a current signal, and then transmits it to the radio frequency circuit 200 through the switching structure 400, and then Subsequent processing is carried out by DSP.
其中,雷达***中,天线100的指标有带宽、增益、水平面3dB波束宽度、副瓣电平等。其中,带宽越宽则代表雷达***可以支持更高的分辨率。增益越高代表天线100发射出的能量或接收到的能量越强,使得该雷达***可以支持更远的距离探测。水平面3dB波束宽度代表在水平面方向上,在最大辐射方向两侧,辐射功率下降3dB的两个方向的夹角,水平面3dB波宽越大,雷达***的探测角度越大,探测范围也就越大。竖直面副瓣电平代表在竖直面上,副瓣的最大值相对主瓣最大值的比,竖直面副瓣电平越低,代表雷达***的抗干扰能力越强,探测精度越高。Among them, in the radar system, the indicators of the antenna 100 include bandwidth, gain, 3dB beam width in the horizontal plane, sidelobe level, and the like. Among them, a wider bandwidth means that the radar system can support higher resolution. A higher gain means that the energy transmitted or received by the antenna 100 is stronger, so that the radar system can support detection at a longer distance. The 3dB beam width on the horizontal plane represents the angle between the two directions where the radiation power drops by 3dB on both sides of the maximum radiation direction in the horizontal plane direction. The larger the 3dB beam width on the horizontal plane, the larger the detection angle of the radar system and the larger the detection range. . The sidelobe level on the vertical surface represents the ratio of the maximum value of the sidelobe to the maximum value of the main lobe on the vertical surface. The lower the sidelobe level on the vertical surface, the stronger the anti-interference ability of the radar system and the better the detection accuracy. high.
因为天线100中的波导天线具有插损小、高增益、易实现超低副瓣等优势,越来越受到关注。Because the waveguide antenna in the antenna 100 has advantages such as small insertion loss, high gain, and easy realization of ultra-low sidelobes, it has attracted more and more attention.
图2是相关技术中天线的结构示意图。参照图2所示,相关技术中,天线1例如波导天线具有沿高度方向(参照图2中z方向所示)相背设置的馈电面5和辐射口面4,其中,馈电面5与射频电路200电连接,使得该射频电路200可为天线100传输射频信号,该射频信号在天线100内形成垂直于高度方向上的电场,该电场转化为电磁波,并经辐射口面4上的辐射口6传播出去,实现发送信号的作用。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna in the related art. Referring to Fig. 2, in the related art, antenna 1, such as waveguide antenna, has a feeding surface 5 and a radiation opening surface 4 arranged opposite to each other along the height direction (shown in the z direction with reference to Fig. 2), wherein, the feeding surface 5 and the The radio frequency circuit 200 is electrically connected, so that the radio frequency circuit 200 can transmit a radio frequency signal to the antenna 100, and the radio frequency signal forms an electric field perpendicular to the height direction in the antenna 100, and the electric field is converted into an electromagnetic wave, and is radiated through the radiation port 4. Port 6 spreads out to realize the function of sending a signal.
继续参照图2所示,以喇叭天线为例,天线1包括波导段2和辐射段3,可以理解是,波导段2为天线1的直通段,辐射段3为天线1的喇叭段,该波导段2的一端与辐射段3连接,波导段2的另一端的端面作为天线1的馈电面5,辐射段3背离波导段2的一端面作为天线1的辐射口面4。Continuing to refer to Figure 2, taking the horn antenna as an example, the antenna 1 includes a waveguide section 2 and a radiation section 3. It can be understood that the waveguide section 2 is the straight-through section of the antenna 1, and the radiation section 3 is the horn section of the antenna 1. One end of section 2 is connected to radiating section 3 , the end surface of the other end of waveguide section 2 is used as feeding surface 5 of antenna 1 , and the end surface of radiating section 3 away from waveguide section 2 is used as radiation interface 4 of antenna 1 .
具体设置时,天线1通过馈电面5与射频电路200电连接,使得射频电路200通过该馈电面5将射频信号传输至波导段2,在波导段2进行能量的汇聚,继而传输至辐射段3,能量在辐射段3进行垂直于径向上的合理分布,并到达辐射段3一端的辐射口面4上,最终经辐射口面4上的辐射口6将射频信号以电磁波的形式辐射出去。When specifically set up, the antenna 1 is electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit 200 through the feeding surface 5, so that the radio frequency circuit 200 transmits the radio frequency signal to the waveguide section 2 through the feeding surface 5, and the energy is gathered in the waveguide section 2, and then transmitted to the radiation Section 3, the energy is distributed reasonably perpendicular to the radial direction in the radiation section 3, and reaches the radiation port 4 at one end of the radiation section 3, and finally the radio frequency signal is radiated in the form of electromagnetic waves through the radiation port 6 on the radiation port 4 .
图3是相关技术中天线的能量分布原理图。参照图3所示,图3示出了相关技术中,天线例如波导喇叭天线的喇叭段的纵向剖面图。其中,O点为喇叭段的能量出发点,O’点为辐射口面4的中心点,B点和C点分别是辐射口6沿OO’对称的两个边缘上的端点,换句话说,B点和C点分别是辐射口6沿x方向相对的两端点,则可以理解,BC为辐射口6沿垂直于电场方向相对的两端之间的连线。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the energy distribution of the antenna in the related art. Referring to FIG. 3 , FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a horn section of an antenna such as a waveguide horn antenna in the related art. Wherein, O point is the starting point of the energy of the horn section, O' point is the center point of the radiation port surface 4, B point and C point are respectively the end points on the two symmetrical edges of the radiation port 6 along OO', in other words, B Point C and Point C are the opposite ends of the radiation port 6 along the x direction, so it can be understood that BC is the connection line between the two opposite ends of the radiation port 6 along the direction perpendicular to the electric field.
需要说明的是,参照图2所示,辐射口6处的电场方向为a方向,以该a方向与y方向一致为例进行说明。It should be noted that, referring to FIG. 2 , the direction of the electric field at the radiation port 6 is the a direction, and the a direction coincides with the y direction as an example for illustration.
参照图3所示,可以看出,OO’值小于OB值和OC值,且O点与辐射口面4之间的距离在自O’点至两侧(例如B点或者C点)的方向上逐渐增大,这样,能量从O点到达辐射口面4上的时间在自O’点至两侧(即B点或C点)的方向上逐渐延长,换句话说,能量从O点至辐射口面4上的相位从O’点至两侧(即B点或者C点)逐渐延迟,使得能量在辐射口面4上的密度分布从O’点至B点或者C点的方向上逐渐减小,且能量密度在O’点处的值与B点处的值差异较大,相应地,能量密度在O’点处的值与C点处的值差异较大,即能量密度在天线1例如波导天线的辐射口面4上的分布不均。Referring to Fig. 3, it can be seen that the OO' value is smaller than the OB value and the OC value, and the distance between the O point and the radiation port 4 is in the direction from the O' point to both sides (such as the B point or the C point) In this way, the time for energy to reach the radiation port 4 from point O is gradually extended in the direction from point O' to both sides (i.e. point B or point C), in other words, the energy from point O to The phase on the radiation port 4 gradually delays from point O' to both sides (that is, point B or point C), so that the energy density distribution on the radiation port 4 gradually moves from point O' to point B or point C. decreases, and the value of the energy density at point O' differs greatly from the value at point B. Correspondingly, the value of energy density at point O' differs greatly from the value at point C, that is, the energy density in the antenna 1 For example, the uneven distribution on the radiation port 4 of the waveguide antenna.
需要说明的是,OO’值是指OO’的长度,OB值是指OB的长度,OC是指OC的长度。It should be noted that the OO' value refers to the length of OO', the OB value refers to the length of OB, and OC refers to the length of OC.
继续参照图3所示,其中,以O为圆心,OO’值为半径的球面上的任意一点的相位相等。例如,对于波导天线的剖面结构而言,图3中弧线B’C’为以O为圆心的圆的部分弧线,则OB’值=OO’值=OC’值,这样,该B’C’上的能量相位相等,即该B’C’为等相面,使得该天线1为球面波前,其增益较小。其中,OB’值为OB’的长度,OC’值为OC’的长度。Continuing to refer to Fig. 3, wherein, with O as the center and OO' as the radius, the phases of any point on the spherical surface are equal. For example, for the cross-sectional structure of the waveguide antenna, the arc B'C' in Fig. 3 is a partial arc of a circle with O as the center, then the value of OB' = OO' value = OC' value, so that the B' The phases of the energy on C' are equal, that is, the B'C' is an equi-phase plane, so that the antenna 1 is a spherical wavefront, and its gain is small. Among them, the value of OB' is the length of OB', and the value of OC' is the length of OC'.
基于上述可知,当天线1的剖面高度越大,即OO’值越大,则在辐射段3例如喇叭段的径向尺寸一定时,BB’值和CC’值分别与OO’值的比值越小,则OO’值与OB值近似相等,OO’值与OC值近似相等,使得馈电面5至辐射口面4的距离差异对辐射口面4(例如BC线)上的能量相位的影响越小,使得辐射口面4上的能量密度分布更加均匀,实现平面波前,从而增大了天线100的增益。Based on the above, it can be seen that when the profile height of the antenna 1 is larger, that is, the OO' value is larger, then when the radial size of the radiating section 3, such as the horn section, is constant, the ratios of the BB' value and the CC' value to the OO' value are higher. If is small, the value of OO' is approximately equal to the value of OB, and the value of OO' is approximately equal to the value of OC, so that the influence of the distance difference from the feeding surface 5 to the radiation surface 4 on the energy phase on the radiation surface 4 (such as BC line) The smaller it is, the more uniform the energy density distribution on the radiation port surface 4 is, realizing a plane wave front, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna 100 .
然而,相关技术中的天线1,在保证增益的同时,增大了天线1的剖面高度,对于喇叭天线而言,也相应地的增大了天线1的辐射口面4的尺寸,从而导致该天线1不利于小型化设计,在电子设备例如雷达***内的占用尺寸过大,而对电子设备其他元器件的安装例如阵列天线的集成设置造成影响。However, the antenna 1 in the related art increases the section height of the antenna 1 while ensuring the gain. For the horn antenna, the size of the radiation port 4 of the antenna 1 is correspondingly increased, resulting in this The antenna 1 is not conducive to miniaturization design, and the occupied size in the electronic equipment such as a radar system is too large, which affects the installation of other components of the electronic equipment such as the integrated arrangement of the array antenna.
需要说明的是,辐射口面4的尺寸可以理解为辐射口面4的径向尺寸或者面积,例如,当辐射口面4为方形结构时,辐射口面4的尺寸可以是辐射口面4的长度和宽度,也可以是辐射口面4的面积。It should be noted that the size of the radiation aperture 4 can be understood as the radial dimension or area of the radiation aperture 4. For example, when the radiation aperture 4 is a square structure, the size of the radiation aperture 4 can be the diameter of the radiation aperture 4. The length and width may also be the area of the radiation port 4 .
本申请实施例提供一种天线100,通过将辐射口面101上的辐射口103沿垂直于电场的方向分隔成多个独立的区域,每个区域与馈电面102的中心之间的距离在该区域的中心至两侧的方向上逐渐增大,使得能量的相位在各个区域上的分布从中心往边缘逐渐增加,能量密度在各个区域上的分布从中心往边缘逐渐减小,另外,每个区域的中心与两侧边缘距离馈电面102中心的差值,小于辐射口103的中心与两侧边缘距离馈电面102中心的差值,即辐射口103上的能量进行多个区域的加权分布,可将天线100的球面波前转变为平面波前,保证辐射口面101上的能量密度等均匀性,这样,可在较短的天线100上实现高增益。The embodiment of the present application provides an antenna 100, by dividing the radiation opening 103 on the radiation opening surface 101 into a plurality of independent regions along the direction perpendicular to the electric field, and the distance between each region and the center of the feeding surface 102 is The direction from the center to both sides of the region gradually increases, so that the energy phase distribution in each region gradually increases from the center to the edge, and the energy density distribution in each region gradually decreases from the center to the edge. In addition, each The difference between the center of a region and the edges on both sides from the center of the feeding surface 102 is smaller than the difference between the center of the radiation opening 103 and the edges on both sides from the center of the feeding surface 102, that is, the energy on the radiation opening 103 is distributed in multiple regions The weighted distribution can transform the spherical wavefront of the antenna 100 into a planar wavefront to ensure the uniformity of the energy density on the radiating surface 101 , so that high gain can be achieved on the shorter antenna 100 .
以下结合附图对本申请实施例的天线100的具体结构进行详细说明。The specific structure of the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
图4是本申请一实施例提供的天线100的其中一种结构示意图,图5是图4的俯视图。参照图4和图5所示,本申请实施例提供一种天线100,包括天线主体110。可以理解的是,该天线主体110包括波导段111和辐射段112,该波导段111的一端与辐射段112连接,波导段111的另一端的端面作为天线100的馈电面102,辐射段112背离波导段111的一端面作为天线100的辐射口面101。该辐射口面101上具有至少一个辐射口103。FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. 4 . Referring to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna 100 , including an antenna body 110 . It can be understood that the antenna body 110 includes a waveguide section 111 and a radiation section 112, one end of the waveguide section 111 is connected to the radiation section 112, and the end surface of the other end of the waveguide section 111 is used as the feeding surface 102 of the antenna 100, and the radiation section 112 One end face away from the waveguide section 111 serves as the radiation port face 101 of the antenna 100 . The radiation port surface 101 has at least one radiation port 103 .
参照图4所示,为了方便描述,将天线100的长度方向用x方向表示,将天线100的宽度方向用y方向表示,将天线100的高度方向用z方向表示。Referring to FIG. 4 , for convenience of description, the length direction of the antenna 100 is represented by the x direction, the width direction of the antenna 100 is represented by the y direction, and the height direction of the antenna 100 is represented by the z direction.
具体设置时,天线100通过馈电面102与射频电路200电连接,使得射频电路200通过该馈电面102将射频信号传输至波导段111,在波导段111进行能量的汇聚,继而传输至辐射段112,能量密度在辐射段112进行径向上的合理分布,并到达辐射段112一端的辐射口面101上,最终经辐射口面101上的辐射口103将射频信号以电磁波的形式辐射出去。When specifically set up, the antenna 100 is electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit 200 through the feeding surface 102, so that the radio frequency circuit 200 transmits the radio frequency signal to the waveguide section 111 through the feeding surface 102, and the energy is gathered in the waveguide section 111, and then transmitted to the radiation. Section 112, the energy density is distributed reasonably in the radial direction in the radiation section 112, and reaches the radiation opening surface 101 at one end of the radiation section 112, and finally the radio frequency signal is radiated in the form of electromagnetic waves through the radiation opening 103 on the radiation opening surface 101.
参照图4所示,以喇叭天线为例,波导段111为喇叭天线的直通段,辐射段112为喇叭天线的喇叭段。其中,直通段的径向尺寸在天线100的高度方向上一致。喇叭段的径向尺寸在天线100的高度方向(例如图4中z方向所示)逐渐增大,这样,从馈电面102馈入至天线100内的射频信号会转化为电磁波能量,并在该直通段集中传导至喇叭段,并在喇叭段进行能量密度的合理分布,最终从辐射口面101向外辐射。Referring to FIG. 4 , taking a horn antenna as an example, the waveguide section 111 is a straight-through section of the horn antenna, and the radiation section 112 is a horn section of the horn antenna. Wherein, the radial dimension of the through section is consistent in the height direction of the antenna 100 . The radial dimension of the horn section gradually increases in the height direction of the antenna 100 (such as shown in the z direction in FIG. The straight-through section conducts concentratedly to the horn section, and distributes the energy density reasonably in the horn section, and finally radiates outward from the radiation port surface 101 .
需要说明的是,天线100的高度方向可以理解为天线100内电磁波的传播方向,例如天线100自馈电面102至辐射口103面101的方向,或者自辐射口103面101至馈电面102的方向。It should be noted that the height direction of the antenna 100 can be understood as the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves in the antenna 100, such as the direction of the antenna 100 from the feeding surface 102 to the radiation port 103 surface 101, or from the radiation port 103 surface 101 to the feeding surface 102 direction.
其中,射频电路200在与天线100电连接时,该射频电路200可与天线100的馈电面102直接电连接,换句话说,射频电路200的一端可直接连接在馈电面102上。在一些示例中,射频电路200的一端还可以与馈电面102耦合馈电连接,例如,射频电路200的一端与馈电面102间隔设置,以实现耦合馈电连接,本申请实施例对射频电路200与天线100 之间的电连接方式不做限制。Wherein, when the radio frequency circuit 200 is electrically connected to the antenna 100 , the radio frequency circuit 200 may be directly electrically connected to the feeding surface 102 of the antenna 100 , in other words, one end of the radio frequency circuit 200 may be directly connected to the feeding surface 102 . In some examples, one end of the radio frequency circuit 200 can also be coupled and fed to the feeding surface 102. For example, one end of the radio frequency circuit 200 is spaced from the feeding surface 102 to realize the coupling and feeding connection. The electrical connection manner between the circuit 200 and the antenna 100 is not limited.
参照图4和图5所示,本申请实施例的天线100还可以包括至少一个导电件120,该导电件120设置在辐射口103上,导电件120将辐射口103分隔成至少两个子辐射口1031,至少两个子辐射口1031沿垂直于辐射口面101上电场的方向间隔设置,且每个子辐射口1031均位于辐射口面101所在的平面上,换句话说,辐射口面101沿垂直于电场的方向分隔为至少两个区域,每个区域作为子辐射口1031,即将辐射口面101上的能量分隔为多个区域,每个区域的能量位于对应的子辐射口1031内。Referring to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application may also include at least one conductive member 120, the conductive member 120 is arranged on the radiation port 103, and the conductive member 120 separates the radiation port 103 into at least two sub-radiation ports 1031, at least two sub-radiation openings 1031 are arranged at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the electric field on the radiation opening surface 101, and each sub-radiation opening 1031 is located on the plane where the radiation opening surface 101 is located, in other words, the radiation opening surface 101 is perpendicular to the The direction of the electric field is divided into at least two areas, and each area serves as a sub-radiation opening 1031 , that is, the energy on the radiation opening surface 101 is divided into multiple areas, and the energy of each area is located in the corresponding sub-radiation opening 1031 .
其中,辐射口面101上电场的方向如图4和图5中a方向所示,a方向与天线100的宽度方向即y方向一致。本申请实施例的导电件120的延伸方向与辐射口面101上的电场方向(例如y方向)一致,这样,辐射口103分隔为至少两个沿x方向间隔设置的子辐射口1031。Wherein, the direction of the electric field on the radiation port 101 is shown in the direction a in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , and the direction a is consistent with the width direction of the antenna 100 , that is, the y direction. The extending direction of the conductive member 120 in the embodiment of the present application is consistent with the electric field direction (for example, the y direction) on the radiation port surface 101 , so that the radiation port 103 is divided into at least two sub-radiation ports 1031 arranged at intervals along the x direction.
图6是本申请一实施例提供的其中一种天线100的能量分布原理图。参照图6所示,图6示出了本申请实施例的天线100中,辐射段112的纵向剖面图。其中,O点辐射段112例如喇叭段的能量出发点,当天线100为对称结构时,O’点为辐射口面101的中心点,B点和C点分别是辐射口103沿OO’对称的两个边缘上的端点,换句话说,B点和C点分别为辐射口103沿x方向相对的两端,则可以理解的是,BC为辐射口103沿垂直于电场方向例如x方向相对的两端之间的连线。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of energy distribution of one of the antennas 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG. 6 , FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the radiation section 112 in the antenna 100 according to the embodiment of the present application. Wherein, the radiation section 112 at point O is, for example, the energy starting point of the horn section. When the antenna 100 is a symmetrical structure, the point O' is the center point of the radiation port surface 101, and the points B and C are respectively the two symmetrical points of the radiation port 103 along OO'. In other words, point B and point C are the opposite ends of the radiation port 103 along the x direction, it can be understood that BC is the two opposite ends of the radiation port 103 along the direction perpendicular to the electric field, for example, the x direction connection between terminals.
参照图6所示,以辐射口103被分隔为两个径向截面尺寸相等的子辐射口1031为例,为方便描述,两个子辐射口1031分别为第一子辐射口1031a和第二子辐射口1031b。需要说明的是,以下示例以第一子辐射口1031a为沿x方向左侧的子辐射口1031,第二子辐射口1031b为沿x方向的右侧的子辐射口1031为例进行说明。Referring to Fig. 6, taking the radiation port 103 divided into two sub-radiation ports 1031 with the same radial cross-sectional size as an example, for the convenience of description, the two sub-radiation ports 1031 are respectively the first sub-radiation port 1031a and the second sub-radiation port 1031a. Mouth 1031b. It should be noted that, in the following example, the first sub-radiation opening 1031a is the sub-radiation opening 1031 on the left side along the x direction, and the second sub-radiation opening 1031b is the sub-radiation opening 1031 on the right side along the x direction as an example for illustration.
其中,O’点可以理解为任意一个子辐射口1031的一端,则BO’为其中一个子辐射口1031沿垂直于电场方向(例如x方向)相对的两端之间的连线,CO’为另一个子辐射口1031沿垂直于电场方向(例如x方向)相对的两端之间的连线,P1点为第一子辐射口1031a的中心点,P2点为第二子辐射口1031b的中心点。Among them, the point O' can be understood as one end of any sub-radiation port 1031, then BO' is the connection between the opposite ends of one of the sub-radiation ports 1031 along the direction perpendicular to the electric field (such as the x direction), and CO' is Another sub-radiation port 1031 is along the line between the opposite ends perpendicular to the direction of the electric field (for example, x direction), point P1 is the center point of the first sub-radiation port 1031a, point P2 is the center of the second sub-radiation port 1031b point.
因辐射口103分隔为至少两个间隔设置的区域例如第一子辐射口1031a和第二子辐射口1031b,使得从O点辐射出的能量在各个子辐射口1031内重新分布。例如,针对第一子辐射口1021a的能量分布,形成了以O1为能量出发点即球心,O1P1值为半径的球面波前,且该球面上的任意一点的相位相等。例如,对于天线100的剖面结构而言,图6中弧线B”D为以O1为圆心,O1P1值为半径的圆的部分弧线,在该弧线B”D上任意一点的相位均相等,相应地,该弧线B”D上任意一点的能量密度均相等。其中,O1在OP1这条线段上。Since the radiation port 103 is divided into at least two regions arranged at intervals such as the first sub-radiation port 1031 a and the second sub-radiation port 1031 b, the energy radiated from point O is redistributed in each sub-radiation port 1031 . For example, for the energy distribution of the first sub-radiation port 1021a, a spherical wavefront with O1 as the starting point of energy, ie, the center of the sphere, and O1P1 as the radius is formed, and the phases of any point on the sphere are equal. For example, for the cross-sectional structure of the antenna 100, the arc B"D in Fig. 6 is a partial arc of a circle with O1 as the center and O1P1 as the radius, and the phases at any point on the arc B"D are equal , correspondingly, the energy density at any point on the arc B"D is equal. Among them, O1 is on the line segment OP1.
另外,针对第二子辐射口1021b的能量分布,形成了以O2为能量出发点即球心,O2P2值为半径的球面波前,且该球面上的任意一点的相位相等。例如,对于天线100的剖面结构而言,图6中弧线C”D为以O2为圆心,O2P2值为半径的圆的部分弧线,该弧线C”D上任意一点的相位相等,相应地,弧线C”D上任意一点的能量密度均相等。其中,O2在O2P2这条线段上。In addition, for the energy distribution of the second sub-radiation port 1021b, a spherical wavefront is formed with O2 as the starting point of energy, that is, the center of the sphere, and O2P2 as the radius, and any point on the spherical surface has the same phase. For example, for the cross-sectional structure of the antenna 100, the arc C"D in FIG. 6 is a partial arc of a circle with O2 as the center and O2P2 as the radius. Ground, the energy density of any point on the arc C"D is equal. Among them, O2 is on the line segment of O2P2.
可以看出,相比于相关技术中,能量相位由O’点至B点或由O’点至C点逐渐延迟,而本申请实施例中,在辐射口103的能量相位分成了两个区域的分布,其中一个分布是由P1点至B点或由P1点至O’点逐渐延迟,另一个分布是由P2点至C点或由P2点至O’点逐渐延迟,因此本申请实施例的天线中,O’点与B点的相位差小于相关技术中O’点与B 点的相位差,相应地,O’点与C点的相位差小于相关技术中O’点与C点的相位差,从而使得天线100形成为近似平面波前,辐射口面101上的能量密度进行了至少两个子辐射口1031(例如第一子辐射口1031和第二子辐射口1031)的加权分布,使得辐射口103上的能量密度在自中心至两侧的分布更为均匀,从而增大了本申请实施例的天线100的增益。It can be seen that compared with the related art, the energy phase is gradually delayed from point O' to point B or from point O' to point C, but in the embodiment of the present application, the energy phase at the radiation port 103 is divided into two regions distribution, one of which is gradually delayed from point P1 to point B or from point P1 to point O', and the other distribution is gradually delayed from point P2 to point C or from point P2 to point O', so the embodiment of the present application In the antenna, the phase difference between point O' and point B is smaller than the phase difference between point O' and point B in the related art, and correspondingly, the phase difference between point O' and point C is smaller than that between point O' and point C in the related art Phase difference, so that the antenna 100 is formed as an approximate plane wave front, and the energy density on the radiation port surface 101 is weighted by at least two sub-radiation ports 1031 (such as the first sub-radiation port 1031 and the second sub-radiation port 1031), so that The energy density on the radiation port 103 is more evenly distributed from the center to both sides, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application.
参照图6所示,可以理解的是,在辐射口103上形成的多个球面波前沿x方向(即垂直于电场方向即图5中a方向所示)分布。Referring to FIG. 6 , it can be understood that the plurality of spherical wave fronts formed on the radiation port 103 are distributed in the x direction (that is, perpendicular to the direction of the electric field, that is, shown in the direction a in FIG. 5 ).
这样,在制作本申请实施例的天线100时,可减小天线100的剖面高度,对于喇叭天线而言,减小天线100的剖面高度,也相应地减小了辐射口面101的尺寸,换句话说,本申请实施例无需增大天线100的剖面高度和辐射口面101的尺寸,即在保证天线100的低剖面和小辐射口面101的基础上,便可实现天线100的高增益性能。In this way, when making the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application, the section height of the antenna 100 can be reduced. For the horn antenna, the section height of the antenna 100 is reduced, and the size of the radiation port 101 is correspondingly reduced. In other words, the embodiment of the present application does not need to increase the section height of the antenna 100 and the size of the radiation opening 101, that is, the high gain performance of the antenna 100 can be realized on the basis of ensuring the low profile of the antenna 100 and the small radiation opening 101 .
经实验证明,本申请实施例的天线100在保证相关技术中天线1的增益的基础上,其整体尺寸可减小50%,重量可降低50%,降低了本申请实施例的天线100的制作成本。Experiments have proved that the overall size and weight of the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application can be reduced by 50% while ensuring the gain of the antenna 1 in the related art, which reduces the production cost of the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application. cost.
另外,本申请实施例提供的阵列天线,通过减小每个天线100的剖面高度和辐射口面101的尺寸,使得每个天线100小型化,从而缩小了整个阵列天线的尺寸,节约了在电子设备例如雷达***内的占用空间,从而可实现电子设备的小型化。换个角度来说,通过使每个天线100小型化,可在一定尺寸的电子设备内,增加阵列天线中天线100的数量,从而提高阵列天线的辐射性能,保证电子设备的通信性能。In addition, the array antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application makes each antenna 100 miniaturized by reducing the cross-sectional height of each antenna 100 and the size of the radiation port 101, thereby reducing the size of the entire array antenna and saving electronic resources. The space occupied by equipment such as radar systems, thereby enabling the miniaturization of electronic equipment. From another point of view, by miniaturizing each antenna 100, the number of antennas 100 in the array antenna can be increased in an electronic device of a certain size, thereby improving the radiation performance of the array antenna and ensuring the communication performance of the electronic device.
其中,参照图4所示,馈电面102与辐射口面101之间的距离大于或者等于0.15λ,其中,λ为天线100的工作波长。可以理解,λ的数值是在实际应用中根据工作场景指定的波长数值,馈电面102与辐射口面101之间的距离h可根据该波长进行调试。可以理解的是,馈电面102与辐射口面101之间的距离h为天线100的剖面高度。Wherein, referring to FIG. 4 , the distance between the feeding surface 102 and the radiation opening surface 101 is greater than or equal to 0.15λ, where λ is the working wavelength of the antenna 100 . It can be understood that the value of λ is the wavelength value specified according to the working scene in practical applications, and the distance h between the feeding surface 102 and the radiation port surface 101 can be adjusted according to the wavelength. It can be understood that the distance h between the feeding surface 102 and the radiation opening surface 101 is the section height of the antenna 100 .
示例性地,馈电面102与辐射口面101之间的距离h可以为0.15λ、0.2λ、0.25λ或0.3λ等合适的数值。Exemplarily, the distance h between the feeding surface 102 and the radiation opening surface 101 may be a suitable value such as 0.15λ, 0.2λ, 0.25λ or 0.3λ.
本申请实施例通过将天线主体110的馈电面102与辐射口面101之间距离设置在上述范围内,以保证辐射口面101与馈电面102之间的天线主体110能够对能量进行有效汇聚并传播,例如,当本申请实施例的天线100作为发送天线100时,从馈电面102馈入的射频信号即能量能够经天线主体110的内腔进行汇聚并稳定地传输至辐射口面101,保证辐射口面101处的能量密度,即保证天线100的增益,使得从辐射口面101处的电磁波能量能够有效地辐射至接收天线100,实现信号的稳定可靠地在发送端和接收端之间稳定传输。In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the distance between the feeding surface 102 of the antenna main body 110 and the radiation opening surface 101 within the above-mentioned range, it is ensured that the antenna main body 110 between the radiation opening surface 101 and the feeding surface 102 can effectively carry out energy. Convergence and propagation, for example, when the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application is used as the transmitting antenna 100, the radio frequency signal fed from the feeding surface 102, that is, the energy, can be concentrated and stably transmitted to the radiation interface through the inner cavity of the antenna main body 110 101, to ensure the energy density at the radiation port 101, that is, to ensure the gain of the antenna 100, so that the electromagnetic wave energy from the radiation port 101 can be effectively radiated to the receiving antenna 100, so that the signal can be transmitted stably and reliably at the sending end and the receiving end stable transmission.
本申请实施例通过在天线100的辐射口103上设置导电件120,并将该导电件120的延伸方向设置为与电场方向一致,使得该导电件120将辐射口103分隔成至少两个子辐射口1031,一方面,保证了辐射口103上能量密度的均匀分布,增大了天线100的增益,另一方面,通过导电件120的设置,将辐射口103分隔成多个子辐射口1031,也保证了本申请实施例的天线100的结构简单化,从而保证本申请实施例的天线100的制作效率。In the embodiment of the present application, a conductive member 120 is provided on the radiation port 103 of the antenna 100, and the extension direction of the conductive member 120 is set to be consistent with the direction of the electric field, so that the conductive member 120 divides the radiation port 103 into at least two sub-radiation ports 1031, on the one hand, ensures the uniform distribution of energy density on the radiation port 103 and increases the gain of the antenna 100; This simplifies the structure of the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application, thereby ensuring the manufacturing efficiency of the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application.
可以理解的是,导电件120的数量可以是一个,这样,辐射口面101上的辐射口103可以通过该导电件120分隔为两个子辐射口1031。It can be understood that the number of the conductive member 120 can be one, so that the radiation port 103 on the radiation port surface 101 can be divided into two sub-radiation ports 1031 by the conductive member 120 .
图7是本申请一实施例提供的天线的另一种结构示意图,图8是图7中辐射口面的结构示意图。参照图7和图8所示,在一些示例中,导电件120的数量为多个,多个导电件120沿垂直于电场的方向(参照图7中x方向所示)间隔设置,以将辐射口面101分隔为三个或者 三个以上子辐射口1031。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radiation aperture in FIG. 7 . Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8 , in some examples, the number of conductive members 120 is multiple, and the plurality of conductive members 120 are arranged at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the electric field (shown with reference to the x direction in FIG. 7 ), so as to radiate The aperture surface 101 is divided into three or more sub-radiation apertures 1031 .
这样,辐射段112中的能量可进行更多区域的加权分布,辐射口103的中心点的相位与边缘的相位差相比于相关技术的天线更小,天线100形成了平面波前,辐射口面101上的能量密度更为均匀,从而保证了本申请实施例的天线100的增益,且保证了天线100的剖面高度和辐射口面101的尺寸不受影响。In this way, the energy in the radiation section 112 can be weighted in more areas, and the phase difference between the center point of the radiation port 103 and the edge is smaller than that of antennas in the related art. The antenna 100 forms a plane wave front, and the radiation port surface The energy density on 101 is more uniform, thereby ensuring the gain of the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application, and ensuring that the section height of the antenna 100 and the size of the radiation port 101 are not affected.
另外,在实际设计时,可通过调整导电件120的位置,例如,可通过调整相邻两个导电件120之间的间距,以调整子辐射口1031的尺寸,从而使得该天线达到实际要求的电气性能,也即是说,使得本申请实施例的天线的电气性能更易于调整。In addition, in the actual design, the size of the sub-radiation opening 1031 can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the conductive member 120, for example, by adjusting the distance between two adjacent conductive members 120, so that the antenna can meet the actual requirements. The electrical performance, that is to say, makes it easier to adjust the electrical performance of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application.
参照图8所示,本申请实施例的多个子辐射口1031的径向截面面积可设置为相等,也可设置为不相等。例如,当辐射口面101上具有一个导电件120时,该导电件120可以设置在辐射口103的对称轴上,也可以偏离辐射口103的对称轴设置,换句话说,该导电件120与辐射口103沿垂直于电场方向的两端之间的距离可以相等,也可以不相等。Referring to FIG. 8 , the radial cross-sectional areas of the plurality of radiation sub-ports 1031 in the embodiment of the present application may be set to be equal or unequal. For example, when there is a conductive member 120 on the radiation port surface 101, the conductive member 120 can be arranged on the symmetry axis of the radiation port 103, or it can be arranged away from the symmetry axis of the radiation port 103. In other words, the conductive member 120 and The distance between the two ends of the radiation port 103 along the direction perpendicular to the electric field may be equal or unequal.
当辐射口面101上设置有多个导电件120上,相邻两个导电件120之间的间距(参照图8中h1所示)可以相等,也可以不相等,从而降低了导电件120的位置设置要求,使得导电件120的设置更加灵活方便,从而提高了本申请实施例的天线100的制作效率。When a plurality of conductive elements 120 are arranged on the radiation port surface 101, the distance between two adjacent conductive elements 120 (refer to h1 in FIG. 8 ) may be equal or unequal, thereby reducing the The location setting requirements make the setting of the conductive member 120 more flexible and convenient, thereby improving the manufacturing efficiency of the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application.
可以理解,不同尺寸的子辐射口1031可经过不同频率的电磁波。因此,本申请实施例可通过调整导电件120的位置,从而调整各个子辐射口1031的面积,通过特定的幅度相位关系,获得更佳的天线辐射性能。It can be understood that the sub-radiation openings 1031 of different sizes can pass through electromagnetic waves of different frequencies. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the area of each sub-radiation opening 1031 can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the conductive member 120 , and a better antenna radiation performance can be obtained through a specific amplitude-phase relationship.
参照图8所示,示例性地,为了保证每个子辐射口1031能够辐射出或者接收一定频率的电磁波,每个子辐射口1031沿第一方向的尺寸(参照图8中h2所示)为0.3λ~2λ,其中,该第一方向垂直于辐射口面101上的电场方向,例如,该第一方向可参照图8中x方向所示。As shown in FIG. 8 , for example, in order to ensure that each sub-radiation port 1031 can radiate or receive electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency, the size of each sub-radiation port 1031 along the first direction (shown with reference to h2 in FIG. 8 ) is 0.3λ ~2λ, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the direction of the electric field on the radiation port surface 101 , for example, the first direction can refer to the x direction shown in FIG. 8 .
示例性地,h2可以为0.3λ、0.5λ、λ、1.5λ或2λ等合适的数值,具体可根据电气性能进行设计。Exemplarily, h2 may be a suitable value such as 0.3λ, 0.5λ, λ, 1.5λ or 2λ, and may be specifically designed according to electrical performance.
在一些示例中,每个子辐射口1031的径向尺寸可以均为0.3λ、0.5λ、λ、1.5λ或2λ等合适的数值中的任意一个数值,例如,每个子辐射口1031的径向尺寸为0.3λ。在另外一些示例中,各个子辐射口1031的径向尺寸可以不同,例如,参照图8所示,沿x方向最左侧的子辐射口1031的径向尺寸可以为0.3λ,第二个子辐射口1031的径向尺寸可以为0.5λ,第三个子辐射口1031的径向尺寸可以为λ。In some examples, the radial dimension of each sub-radiation opening 1031 can be any one of suitable values such as 0.3λ, 0.5λ, λ, 1.5λ or 2λ, for example, the radial dimension of each sub-radiation opening 1031 is 0.3λ. In some other examples, the radial dimensions of each sub-radiation opening 1031 may be different. For example, referring to FIG. The radial dimension of the opening 1031 may be 0.5λ, and the radial dimension of the third sub-radiation opening 1031 may be λ.
参照图8所示,可以理解的是,因相邻两个导电件120之间形成一个子辐射口1031,因此,相邻两个导电件120之间的间距(参照图8中h1所示)也相应地设置为0.3λ~2λ。例如,h1可以为0.3λ、0.5λ、λ、1.5λ或2λ等合适的数值,具体可根据电气性能进行设计。Referring to FIG. 8 , it can be understood that because a sub-radiation opening 1031 is formed between two adjacent conductive members 120, the distance between two adjacent conductive members 120 (refer to h1 in FIG. 8 ) Also correspondingly set to 0.3λ ~ 2λ. For example, h1 may be an appropriate value such as 0.3λ, 0.5λ, λ, 1.5λ or 2λ, and may be specifically designed according to electrical performance.
需要说明的是,每对相邻的两个导电件120的间距h1可以相等也可以不相等,例如,每对相邻两个导电件120的间距可以均为0.3λ、0.5λ、λ、1.5λ或2λ等合适的数值中的任意一个数值。在某些示例中,其中一对相邻两个导电件120的间距h1可以为0.3λ,另一对相邻两个导电件120的间距h1可以为0.5λ。It should be noted that the distance h1 between each pair of adjacent two conductive members 120 may be equal or unequal, for example, the distance between each pair of adjacent two conductive members 120 may be 0.3λ, 0.5λ, λ, 1.5 Any one of appropriate values such as λ or 2λ. In some examples, the distance h1 between two adjacent pair of conductive elements 120 may be 0.3λ, and the distance h1 between two adjacent pair of conductive elements 120 may be 0.5λ.
本申请实施例通过将每个子辐射口1031沿第一方向的尺寸设置在上述范围内,以保证一定频率的电磁波能量能够从子辐射口1031通过,例如,当本申请实施例的天线100用作发射天线100时,可保证一定频率的电磁波能量能够从对应的子辐射口1031辐射出去,实现信号的发送,另外,也避免了过小的子辐射口1031对能量造成的损耗,从而保证天线100 的增益不会受到影响。In the embodiment of the present application, the size of each sub-radiation opening 1031 along the first direction is set within the above-mentioned range to ensure that electromagnetic wave energy of a certain frequency can pass through the sub-radiation opening 1031. For example, when the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application is used as When transmitting the antenna 100, it can ensure that the electromagnetic wave energy of a certain frequency can be radiated from the corresponding sub-radiation port 1031 to realize the transmission of the signal. In addition, the energy loss caused by the too small sub-radiation port 1031 is also avoided, thereby ensuring that the antenna 100 gains will not be affected.
另外,每个子辐射口1031沿垂直于电场方向的尺寸设置在上述范围内,也避免了子辐射口1031的尺寸过大,而使辐射口面101无法分隔成更多的子辐射口1031,导致本申请实施例的天线100增益受到限制的情况发生,从而在制作时,可在保证一定频率电磁波从相应地子辐射口1031穿过的基础上,增大导电件120的设置数量,以提高本申请实施例的天线的增益。In addition, the size of each radiation sub-port 1031 perpendicular to the direction of the electric field is set within the above-mentioned range, which also avoids the size of the sub-radiation port 1031 being too large, so that the radiation port surface 101 cannot be divided into more sub-radiation ports 1031, resulting in The gain of the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application is limited. Therefore, during manufacture, the number of conductive members 120 can be increased on the basis of ensuring that electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency pass through the corresponding sub-radiation openings 1031, so as to improve the performance of the antenna 100. The gain of the antenna of the application example.
可以理解的是,本申请实施例的导电件120可位于天线主体110的内部,使得该导电件120与辐射口面101齐平,或者导电件120与辐射口面101之间具有一定间距,以保证导电件120不会占用天线主体110沿高度方向(参照图4中z方向所示)以外的空间,保证天线100的低剖面。It can be understood that the conductive member 120 in the embodiment of the present application can be located inside the antenna main body 110, so that the conductive member 120 is flush with the radiation port 101, or there is a certain distance between the conductive member 120 and the radiation port 101, so as to It is ensured that the conductive member 120 does not occupy the space other than the height direction of the antenna body 110 (refer to the z direction in FIG. 4 ), so as to ensure the low profile of the antenna 100 .
当然,本申请实施例并不排除导电件120也可凸出于辐射口面101一部分,本申请实施例对此不做限制。Certainly, the embodiment of the present application does not exclude that the conductive member 120 may also protrude from a part of the radiation aperture surface 101 , and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
例如,参照图4所示,导电件120位于天线主体110的内部,换句话说,导电件120位于天线主体110的辐射段112的腔体内部,且导电件120的两端分别连接于天线主体110的内壁上。For example, as shown in FIG. 4 , the conductive member 120 is located inside the antenna main body 110, in other words, the conductive member 120 is located inside the cavity of the radiation section 112 of the antenna main body 110, and the two ends of the conductive member 120 are respectively connected to the antenna main body. 110 on the inner wall.
本申请实施例通过将导电件120设置在天线主体110的内部,减小了导电件120在天线100的剖面高度上的占用尺寸,从而减小了本申请实施例的天线100的剖面高度,使得天线100更加小型化。另外,通过将导电件120的两端分别连接在天线主体110的内壁上,增强了导电件120在天线主体110内的稳固性,使得整个天线100的结构更加稳定,保证各个子辐射口1031的结构稳定性。In the embodiment of the present application, by arranging the conductive member 120 inside the antenna main body 110, the occupied size of the conductive member 120 on the cross-sectional height of the antenna 100 is reduced, thereby reducing the cross-sectional height of the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application, so that The antenna 100 is more miniaturized. In addition, by connecting the two ends of the conductive member 120 to the inner wall of the antenna main body 110, the stability of the conductive member 120 in the antenna main body 110 is enhanced, making the structure of the entire antenna 100 more stable, and ensuring the radiation of each sub-radiation port 1031. structural stability.
本申请实施例的天线100在具体制作时,导电件120与天线主体110可以为一体成型的一体件。When the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application is actually produced, the conductive member 120 and the antenna main body 110 may be integrally formed as an integral part.
图9是本申请一实施例提供的天线100的注塑脱模示意图。参照图9所示,例如,导电件120和天线主体110可一体浇筑成型,以简化了天线100的制作工序,提高了天线100的制作效率,另外,也增强了导电件120与天线主体110之间的连接稳固性,使得整个天线100的结构更加稳定可靠。FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of injection mold release of the antenna 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG. 9, for example, the conductive member 120 and the antenna main body 110 can be integrally cast to simplify the manufacturing process of the antenna 100 and improve the manufacturing efficiency of the antenna 100. In addition, the connection between the conductive member 120 and the antenna main body 110 is also strengthened. The stability of the connection between them makes the structure of the entire antenna 100 more stable and reliable.
可以理解的是,导电件120和天线主体110在一体浇筑成型时,浇筑模具900的上模910为一侧表面具有一组凸条911,且一组凸条911包括多个间隔设置的凸条911,下模920包括一个用于盛装浇筑液的模具腔921,模具腔921的形状与天线主体110的形状一致,模具腔921的灌胶口922内具有支撑部923,且该支撑部923的两端与灌胶口922相对的侧壁连接,支撑部923背向模具腔921内腔的表面具有凹槽923a。It can be understood that, when the conductive member 120 and the antenna main body 110 are integrally cast, the upper mold 910 of the casting mold 900 has a set of convex lines 911 on one side surface, and the set of convex lines 911 includes a plurality of spaced apart convex lines 911, the lower mold 920 includes a mold cavity 921 for containing pouring liquid, the shape of the mold cavity 921 is consistent with the shape of the antenna main body 110, there is a support part 923 in the glue filling port 922 of the mold cavity 921, and the support part 923 The two ends are connected to the side walls opposite to the glue filling port 922 , and the surface of the supporting part 923 facing away from the inner cavity of the mold cavity 921 has a groove 923a.
具体浇筑时,在下模920的模具腔921内注入浇筑液,直至该浇筑液没过凹槽923a,继而将上模910盖设在下模920上,且该上模910的凸条911伸入至模具腔921内。待浇筑液冷却固化后,进行脱模。可以理解的是,凹槽923a用于形成导电件120,则凹槽923a的数量和位置完全取决于导电件120的设置需要。每组凸条911中凸条911的数量取决于子辐射口1031的数量,且该凸条911的数量与子辐射口1031的数量一致。例如,子辐射口1031的数量为两个时,凸条911的数量为两个。During concrete pouring, inject pouring liquid in the mold cavity 921 of lower mold 920, until this pouring liquid has not passed through groove 923a, then cover upper mold 910 on the lower mold 920, and the protruding line 911 of this upper mold 910 stretches into Inside the mold cavity 921. After the pouring liquid is cooled and solidified, demoulding is carried out. It can be understood that the groove 923 a is used to form the conductive member 120 , and the number and position of the groove 923 a are completely determined by the arrangement requirements of the conductive member 120 . The number of ridges 911 in each group of ridges 911 depends on the number of sub-radiation openings 1031 , and the number of ridges 911 is consistent with the number of sub-radiation openings 1031 . For example, when the number of sub-radiation openings 1031 is two, the number of convex strips 911 is two.
示例性地,具体的脱模过程可为:将上模910从下模920中自下而上(沿图9中z方向所示)取出,再将下模920从天线100上自上而下取出(参照图9中z的反方向所示)。或者将 下模920从上模910中自上而下取出(参照图9中z的反方向所示),再将上模910从天线100上自下而上取出(参照图9中z方向所示),当然也可以将天线100从上模910上自上而下取出(参照图9中z的反方向所示)。Exemplarily, the specific demoulding process can be: taking the upper mold 910 from the lower mold 920 from bottom to top (shown along the z direction in FIG. 9 ), and then removing the lower mold 920 from the antenna 100 from top to bottom Take it out (refer to the opposite direction of z in Figure 9). Or the lower mold 920 is taken out from the top mold 910 from top to bottom (shown in the opposite direction of z with reference to FIG. shown), of course, the antenna 100 can also be taken out from the upper mold 910 from top to bottom (refer to the opposite direction of z in FIG. 9 ).
其中,本申请实施例的天线100可以为金属件,例如,天线主体110和导电件120可以由铜、铝等金属导电材料制成。例如,浇筑成型的天线100的浇筑液可以是铜、铝等金属材料的液态。Wherein, the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application may be a metal part, for example, the antenna main body 110 and the conductive part 120 may be made of metal conductive materials such as copper and aluminum. For example, the casting liquid for casting the antenna 100 may be in a liquid state of metal materials such as copper and aluminum.
在一些示例中,本申请实施例的天线100还可以是在非金属件的表面包裹一层金属层而成的。示例性地,天线100可以是由塑胶件和包裹在塑胶件表面的金属层制成。例如,先将天线主体110和导电件120中的塑胶件进行一体浇筑成型,可以理解,浇筑过程中的浇筑液为塑胶,继而在一体成型的塑胶件表面涂覆一层铝等金属层,制成表面可导电的天线100。In some examples, the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application may also be formed by wrapping a metal layer on the surface of a non-metallic component. Exemplarily, the antenna 100 may be made of a plastic part and a metal layer wrapped on the surface of the plastic part. For example, the antenna main body 110 and the plastic parts in the conductive part 120 are first integrally cast and molded. It can be understood that the pouring liquid in the pouring process is plastic, and then a metal layer such as aluminum is coated on the surface of the integrally formed plastic parts. An antenna 100 with a conductive surface.
当每个天线100为一体成型的一体件时,可有利于阵列天线100的制作,换句话说,通过将每个天线100设置为一体成型的一体件,例如通过将每个天线100一体浇筑成型,使得阵列天线100的制作更加方便快捷。When each antenna 100 is integrally formed as one piece, it can facilitate the manufacture of the array antenna 100, in other words, by setting each antenna 100 as an integrally formed one piece, for example, by integrally casting each antenna 100 , making the fabrication of the array antenna 100 more convenient and quick.
图10是本申请一实施例提供的阵列天线的注塑脱模示意图。参照图10所示,阵列天线的多个天线100可通过浇筑模具900批量制作。其中,批量制作多个天线100的浇筑模具900中,上模910的一侧具有多组凸条911,且凸条911的组数与天线100的数量相等,例如,阵列天线具有三个天线100,则上模910具有三组凸条911。FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of injection mold release of the array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG. 10 , multiple antennas 100 of the array antenna can be mass-produced through a casting mold 900 . Among them, in the pouring mold 900 for producing multiple antennas 100 in batches, one side of the upper mold 910 has multiple groups of convex lines 911, and the number of groups of convex lines 911 is equal to the number of antennas 100, for example, the array antenna has three antennas 100 , then the upper mold 910 has three sets of convex lines 911 .
继续参照图10所示,下模920包括多个用于盛装浇筑液的模具腔921,每个模具腔921的形状与天线主体110的形状一致,其中,每个模具腔921的灌胶口922内具有支撑部923,且该支撑部923的两端与灌胶口922相对的侧壁连接,支撑部923背向模具腔921内腔的表面具有凹槽923a。可以理解的是,模具腔921的数量与天线100的数量相等,例如,阵列天线具有三个天线100,下模920具有三个模具腔921。Continuing to refer to FIG. 10 , the lower mold 920 includes a plurality of mold cavities 921 for containing pouring liquid, and the shape of each mold cavity 921 is consistent with the shape of the antenna main body 110 , wherein the glue filling port 922 of each mold cavity 921 There is a supporting part 923 inside, and the two ends of the supporting part 923 are connected with the opposite side walls of the glue filling port 922 , and the surface of the supporting part 923 facing away from the inner cavity of the mold cavity 921 has a groove 923a. It can be understood that the number of mold cavities 921 is equal to the number of antennas 100 , for example, the array antenna has three antennas 100 , and the lower mold 920 has three mold cavities 921 .
具体浇筑时,在下模920的每个模具腔921内注入浇筑液,直至该浇筑液没过每个凹槽923a,继而将上模910盖设在下模920上,且该上模910的凸条911伸入至模具腔921内。待浇筑液冷却固化后,进行脱模,则可一次批量形成多个一体成型的天线100,使得阵列天线的制作更加快捷方便。During specific pouring, pouring pouring liquid is injected in each mold cavity 921 of lower mold 920 until the pouring liquid has not passed through each groove 923a, and then the upper mold 910 is covered on the lower mold 920, and the raised lines of the upper mold 910 911 protrudes into the mold cavity 921 . After the pouring liquid is cooled and solidified, demoulding is performed, and multiple integrated antennas 100 can be formed in batches at one time, which makes the manufacture of array antennas faster and more convenient.
图11是本申请一实施例提供的天线的又一种结构示意图。参照图11所示,天线主体110包括沿轴向依次设置的第一部分110a和第二部分110b。可以理解,该轴向与天线主体110的高度方向一致,参照图11中z方向所示。Fig. 11 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG. 11 , the antenna body 110 includes a first portion 110 a and a second portion 110 b arranged in sequence along the axial direction. It can be understood that the axial direction is consistent with the height direction of the antenna body 110 , as shown with reference to the z direction in FIG. 11 .
第一部分110a包括天线100的波导段111和部分辐射段112,第二部分110b为辐射段112的另一部分。以天线100为喇叭天线为例,第一部分110a由喇叭天线的直通段和一部分喇叭段组成,第二部分110b由另一部分喇叭段组成。其中,导电件120位于第二部分110b背向第一部分110a的一侧表面。The first part 110 a includes the waveguide section 111 and part of the radiation section 112 of the antenna 100 , and the second part 110 b is another part of the radiation section 112 . Taking the antenna 100 as an example of a horn antenna, the first part 110a is composed of a straight-through section of the horn antenna and a part of the horn section, and the second part 110b is composed of another part of the horn section. Wherein, the conductive member 120 is located on a side surface of the second portion 110b facing away from the first portion 110a.
具体制作时,第一部分110a与第二部分110b为分体件,例如,第一部分110a与第二部分110b可以通过高温压合连接,或者,第一部分110a和第二部分110b可通过粘接、焊接、螺钉连接等方式固定连接,本申请实施例不对第一部分110a和第二部分110b之间的连接方式进行限制。During specific production, the first part 110a and the second part 110b are separate parts, for example, the first part 110a and the second part 110b can be connected by high temperature compression, or the first part 110a and the second part 110b can be bonded, welded , screw connection and other methods of fixed connection, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the connection method between the first part 110a and the second part 110b.
在一些示例中,导电件120与第二部分110b可以为一体成型的一体件。In some examples, the conductive member 120 and the second portion 110b may be integrally formed as a single piece.
例如,在制作本申请实施例的天线100时,可将第一部分110a一体浇筑成型,另外,将第二部分110b和导电件120一体浇筑成型。For example, when manufacturing the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application, the first part 110a may be integrally cast, and in addition, the second part 110b and the conductive member 120 may be integrally cast.
可以理解的是,用于浇筑第二部分110b和导电件120的模具900中,下模920的模具腔921的结构与第二部分110b的结构相匹配。另外,因第二部分110b的剖面高度相比于整个天线主体110更小,因此,相较于整个天线100一体浇筑成型,第二部分110b和导电件120一次浇筑成型中采用的上模910的凸条较短,且下模920的高度较小,使得第二部分110b和导电件120的一体结构在浇筑成型过程中更易脱模,例如,将上模910从第二部分110b上自下而二(参照图9中z的方向所示)取出时,因凸条911较短,且该第二部分110b的较短,使得上模910从第二部分110b的取出过程更方便,减小了辐射口面101上的导电件120对脱模过程造成的影响,从而使得天线100的制作工艺更加简单快捷,提高了本申请实施例的天线100的制作效率。It can be understood that, in the mold 900 for pouring the second part 110b and the conductive member 120, the structure of the mold cavity 921 of the lower mold 920 matches the structure of the second part 110b. In addition, because the cross-sectional height of the second part 110b is smaller than that of the entire antenna body 110, compared with the integral casting of the entire antenna 100, the upper mold 910 used in the one-time casting of the second part 110b and the conductive member 120 The ridges are shorter, and the height of the lower mold 920 is smaller, so that the integrated structure of the second part 110b and the conductive member 120 is easier to demould during the pouring molding process, for example, the upper mold 910 is lowered from the second part 110b Two (shown in the direction of z with reference to Fig. 9) when taking out, because of the shorter convex strip 911, and the shorter of this second part 110b, make the take-up process of upper mold 910 from second part 110b more convenient, reduce The influence of the conductive member 120 on the radiation port surface 101 on the demoulding process makes the manufacturing process of the antenna 100 simpler and faster, and improves the manufacturing efficiency of the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application.
图12是本申请一实施例提供的天线的再一种结构示意图,图13是图12的结构分解图。参照图12和图13所示,导电件120与天线主体110可以为分体件。FIG. 12 is another schematic structural view of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 13 is an exploded view of the structure of FIG. 12 . Referring to FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 , the conductive member 120 and the antenna main body 110 may be separate parts.
在一些示例中,导电件120的外缘与天线主体110的内壁之间可具有一定间距,换句话说,导电件120悬空设置在辐射口103内。In some examples, there may be a certain distance between the outer edge of the conductive member 120 and the inner wall of the antenna main body 110 , in other words, the conductive member 120 is suspended in the radiation opening 103 .
通过将导电件120的外缘与天线主体110的内壁之间形成一定间距,这样,在保证导电件120对辐射口面101的区域进行分隔,使得辐射口面101形成至少两个子辐射口1031的基础上,该导电件120可以作为天线100的参考地,以实现天线100的阻抗匹配,提升天线100的工作性能。By forming a certain distance between the outer edge of the conductive member 120 and the inner wall of the antenna main body 110, in this way, the conductive member 120 is guaranteed to separate the area of the radiation port surface 101, so that the radiation port surface 101 forms at least two sub-radiation ports 1031. Basically, the conductive member 120 can be used as a reference ground of the antenna 100 to achieve impedance matching of the antenna 100 and improve the working performance of the antenna 100 .
参照图12和图13所示,为了将导电件120固定在辐射口103内,本申请实施例的天线100还可以包括连接件130,连接件130盖设在辐射口面101上,导电件120设置在连接件130上,这样可保证导电件120稳定地设置在辐射口面101内。12 and 13, in order to fix the conductive member 120 in the radiation opening 103, the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application may also include a connecting member 130, the connecting member 130 is covered on the radiation opening surface 101, and the conductive member 120 It is arranged on the connecting member 130 so as to ensure that the conductive member 120 is stably arranged in the radiation opening surface 101 .
例如,当导电件120悬空设置在辐射口103内,可采用该连接件130对导电件120进行固定。示例性,可将导电件120设置在连接件130朝向辐射口面101的一侧,这样,可通过将连接件130盖设在辐射口面101上,便可使得导电件120稳定地悬空设置于辐射口103内。For example, when the conductive member 120 is suspended in the radiation opening 103 , the connecting member 130 can be used to fix the conductive member 120 . Exemplarily, the conductive member 120 can be arranged on the side of the connecting member 130 facing the radiation opening surface 101. In this way, by covering the connecting member 130 on the radiation opening surface 101, the conducting member 120 can be stably suspended in the air. Inside the radiation port 103.
其中,该连接件130可以粘接或者螺钉连接等方式固定在天线主体110的辐射口面101上,本申请实施例具体不对连接件130与辐射口面101之间的连接方式进行限制。Wherein, the connecting piece 130 can be fixed on the radiation opening surface 101 of the antenna main body 110 by bonding or screwing, and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the connection method between the connecting piece 130 and the radiation opening surface 101 .
可以理解的是,连接件130可供电磁波穿过。例如,参照图12和图13所示,连接件130可以为膜片,膜片上形成有导电图案,导电图案被配置为导电件120。其中,该膜片可以为涂覆在辐射口面101上的塑胶膜等绝缘膜片。导电图案可以是在膜片上印制成形的。It can be understood that the connecting member 130 can allow electromagnetic waves to pass through. For example, as shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 , the connecting member 130 may be a membrane on which a conductive pattern is formed, and the conductive pattern is configured as the conductive member 120 . Wherein, the diaphragm may be an insulating diaphragm such as a plastic film coated on the radiation port surface 101 . The conductive pattern can be printed on the membrane.
本申请实施例通过将连接件130设置为膜片,并在膜片上形成导电图案,以作为导电件120,对辐射口103进行区域分隔,一方面保证了导电件120在辐射口103内的稳定性,使得对辐射口103的区域分隔更加可靠,保证辐射口103上的能量密度的分布均匀性,另一方面,膜片对整个天线100的剖面高度方向上的占用尺寸较小,使得本申请实施例的天线100的剖面高度尺寸不会受到影响,换句话说,可保证本申请实施例的天线100的低剖面。In the embodiment of the present application, the connector 130 is set as a diaphragm, and a conductive pattern is formed on the diaphragm as the conductive member 120 to separate the radiation port 103. On the one hand, it ensures that the conductive member 120 in the radiation port 103 stability, which makes the area separation of the radiation port 103 more reliable and ensures the uniformity of energy density distribution on the radiation port 103; The profile height dimension of the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the application will not be affected, in other words, the low profile of the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the application can be guaranteed.
参照图13所示,其中,天线主体110和膜片为分体件,因此可先将天线主体110进行一体浇筑成型,再将印刷有金属图案的膜片盖设在天线主体110的辐射口面101上,使得该金属图案对辐射口面101上的辐射口103进行区域分隔,形成多个子辐射口1031,从而简化了天线100的制作工序,避免了导电件120在一体浇筑成型过程中对脱模的影响,提高了天线 100的制作效率。Referring to Fig. 13, wherein, the antenna main body 110 and the diaphragm are separate parts, so the antenna main body 110 can be integrally cast and molded first, and then the diaphragm printed with a metal pattern is covered on the radiation port surface of the antenna main body 110 101, so that the metal pattern separates the radiation port 103 on the radiation port surface 101 to form a plurality of sub-radiation ports 1031, thereby simplifying the manufacturing process of the antenna 100 and avoiding the detachment of the conductive member 120 during the integral casting process. The influence of the mode improves the manufacturing efficiency of the antenna 100.
图14是本申请一实施例提供的天线的再一种结构示意图。参照图14所示,本申请实施例中,当导电件120与天线主体110为分体件时,可在天线主体110的辐射口面101上设置定位标识101a,该定位标识101a用于对辐射口面101上的导电件120进行定位。Fig. 14 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. Referring to Figure 14, in the embodiment of the present application, when the conductive member 120 and the antenna body 110 are separate parts, a positioning mark 101a can be set on the radiation opening surface 101 of the antenna body 110, and the positioning mark 101a is used for radiation detection. The conductive element 120 on the oral surface 101 is positioned.
其中,该定位标识101a可以是用画在辐射口面101上的符号例如圈或者叉等,也可以是开设在辐射口面101上的槽孔,或者粘接在辐射口面101上的其他标签等,本申请实施例具体不对定位标识101a的结构进行限制。Wherein, the positioning mark 101a can be a symbol such as a circle or a cross drawn on the radiation port surface 101, or a slot opened on the radiation port surface 101, or other labels bonded on the radiation port surface 101. Etc., the embodiment of the present application specifically does not limit the structure of the positioning identifier 101a.
可以理解的是,该定位标识101a例如符号可以设置在导电件120的安装位置,例如,其中一个导电件120需设置在辐射口面101沿x方向的中间位置,因此,可在辐射口面101沿x方向的中间位置设置定位标识101a,这样,导电件120可直接安装在该定位标识101a上,便可保证该导电件120快速准确的安装在辐射口面101沿x方向的中间位置。It can be understood that the positioning mark 101a, such as a symbol, can be arranged at the installation position of the conductive member 120, for example, one of the conductive members 120 needs to be arranged at the middle position of the radiation port surface 101 along the x direction, therefore, it can be placed on the radiation port surface 101 The positioning mark 101a is set at the middle position along the x direction, so that the conductive member 120 can be directly installed on the positioning mark 101a, which can ensure that the conductive member 120 is quickly and accurately installed at the middle position of the radiation port surface 101 along the x direction.
在一些示例中,定位标识101a例如符号还可以设置在与导电件120的安装位置具有一定距离的位置。例如,参照图14所示,可在导电件120的安装位置沿x方向的两侧的预设距离内设置定位标识101a,这样,可定位出导电件120的安装位置的位置范围,通过将导电件120设置在沿x方向间隔设置的两个定位标识101a之间,便可使得导电件120安装在预定的安装位置范围内。另外,可根据定位标识101a的距离直接确定出导电件120的准确安装位置,例如,可将两个定位标识101a之间的中心位置作为导电件120的安装位置,这样,通过将导电件120安装在两个定位标识101a之间的中心位置,便可保证导电件120在辐射口面101上的安装位置的准确性。In some examples, the positioning mark 101a such as a symbol may also be set at a position with a certain distance from the installation position of the conductive member 120 . For example, as shown in FIG. 14 , positioning marks 101a can be set within a preset distance on both sides of the installation position of the conductive member 120 along the x direction. In this way, the position range of the installation position of the conductive member 120 can be located. The element 120 is disposed between two positioning marks 101a spaced apart along the x direction, so that the conductive element 120 can be installed within a predetermined range of installation positions. In addition, the exact installation position of the conductive member 120 can be directly determined according to the distance of the positioning marks 101a. For example, the center position between the two positioning marks 101a can be used as the installation position of the conductive member 120. In this way, by installing the conductive member 120 At the central position between the two positioning marks 101a, the accuracy of the installation position of the conductive member 120 on the radiation aperture surface 101 can be ensured.
本申请实施例对定位标识101a的设置方式不做限制。The embodiment of the present application does not limit the setting manner of the positioning identifier 101a.
基于上述可知,通过在辐射口面101上设置定位标识101a,使得导电件120可通过该定位标识101a快速定位在辐射口面101的对应位置,使得导电件120与天线主体110之间的安装定位更加方便快捷。Based on the above, by setting the positioning mark 101a on the radiation port surface 101, the conductive member 120 can be quickly positioned at the corresponding position of the radiation port face 101 through the positioning mark 101a, so that the installation and positioning between the conductive member 120 and the antenna main body 110 More convenient and faster.
参照图14所示,在一些示例中,可以在辐射口面101上形成有限位槽1011,该限位槽1011分别位于辐射口103沿电场方向即a方向的两侧,换句话说,在辐射口103沿电场方向即a方向的两侧分别设置有限位槽1011。Referring to FIG. 14 , in some examples, limiting grooves 1011 can be formed on the radiation port surface 101, and the limiting grooves 1011 are respectively located on both sides of the radiation port 103 along the direction of the electric field, that is, the direction a. Limiting slots 1011 are respectively provided on both sides of the port 103 along the direction of the electric field, that is, the direction a.
导电件120位于辐射口103外侧的至少部分嵌设在限位槽1011内,例如,导电件120的中间部分位于辐射口103上,导电件120伸出辐射口103的部分可分别嵌设在对应的限位槽1011内,以限制导电件120在垂直于电场方向上活动,从而保证各个子辐射口1031的结构稳定性。可以理解的是,限位槽1011的形状和尺寸可与导电件120相匹配,使得导电件120稳定地嵌设在该限位槽1011内,保证每个子辐射口1031的结构稳定。At least part of the conductive member 120 outside the radiation opening 103 is embedded in the limiting groove 1011. For example, the middle part of the conductive member 120 is located on the radiation opening 103, and the parts of the conductive member 120 protruding from the radiation opening 103 can be respectively embedded in the corresponding In the limit groove 1011 of each sub-radiation opening 1031, the movement of the conductive member 120 is restricted in the direction perpendicular to the electric field, so as to ensure the structural stability of each sub-radiation opening 1031. It can be understood that the shape and size of the limiting groove 1011 can match the conductive member 120 , so that the conductive member 120 is stably embedded in the limiting groove 1011 , ensuring the structural stability of each radiation sub-port 1031 .
另外,通过将导电件120嵌设在限位槽1011内,避免了导电件120凸出辐射口面101而占用天线100在高度方向即z方向上的尺寸,从而可减小天线100的剖面高度。In addition, by embedding the conductive member 120 in the limiting groove 1011, it is avoided that the conductive member 120 protrudes from the radiation opening surface 101 and occupies the dimension of the antenna 100 in the height direction, that is, the z direction, thereby reducing the cross-sectional height of the antenna 100 .
其中,上述限位槽1011可以作为定位标识101a,这样,导电件120可通过该限位槽1011准确地安装在辐射口面101的相应位置,保证每个子辐射口1031的尺寸在设置范围内。Wherein, the above-mentioned limiting groove 1011 can be used as a positioning mark 101a, so that the conductive member 120 can be accurately installed on the corresponding position of the radiation opening surface 101 through the limiting groove 1011, ensuring that the size of each sub-radiating opening 1031 is within the setting range.
当然,在另外一些示例中,导电件120还可通过焊接或者粘接等方式固定在辐射口面101上。Of course, in some other examples, the conductive member 120 may also be fixed on the radiation port surface 101 by means of welding or bonding.
需要说明的是,导电件120可完全固定在辐射口面101上,在一些示例中,导电件120沿延伸方向的两端还可延伸并固定在天线主体110的侧壁上,例如,导电件120位于辐射口 面101的部分可嵌设在限位槽1011内,导电件120沿延伸方向的两端还可从限位槽1011伸出,并延伸至天线主体110的侧壁,本申请实施例具体不对导电件120的固定位置进行限制,只要保证导电件120的至少部分位于辐射口103处,使得辐射口103被分隔为多个子辐射口1031即可。It should be noted that the conductive member 120 can be completely fixed on the radiation port surface 101. In some examples, both ends of the conductive member 120 along the extension direction can also be extended and fixed on the side wall of the antenna main body 110, for example, the conductive member The part of 120 located on the radiation port surface 101 can be embedded in the limiting groove 1011, and the two ends of the conductive member 120 along the extension direction can also protrude from the limiting groove 1011 and extend to the side wall of the antenna main body 110. This application implements For example, there is no limitation on the fixed position of the conductive member 120 , as long as at least part of the conductive member 120 is located at the radiation opening 103 so that the radiation opening 103 is divided into multiple sub-radiation openings 1031 .
另外,还可以在辐射口103沿电场方向即a方向相对的两个内壁上开设贯穿孔,导电件120可穿设于天线主体110上的两个贯穿孔内,从而保证导电件120稳定地固定在辐射口103内。In addition, through holes can also be provided on the two inner walls of the radiation port 103 opposite to each other along the direction of the electric field, that is, the direction a, and the conductive member 120 can be inserted into the two through holes on the antenna main body 110, so as to ensure that the conductive member 120 is stably fixed. In the radiation port 103.
以上固定方式仅为导电件120与天线主体110连接的一些示例,导电件120还可通过其他可行的连接方式固定在天线主体110上,本申请实施例对导电件120与天线主体110的连接方式不做限制。The above fixing methods are only some examples of the connection between the conductive member 120 and the antenna main body 110. The conductive member 120 can also be fixed on the antenna main body 110 through other feasible connection methods. The connection method between the conductive member 120 and the antenna main body 110 No restrictions.
图15是本申请一实施例提供的天线的再一种结构示意图。参照图14和图15所示,在一种可行的实现方式中,多个子辐射口1031的径向截面面积相等(参照图14所示)或者不相等(参照图15所示)。Fig. 15 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 , in a feasible implementation manner, the radial cross-sectional areas of the plurality of radiation sub-ports 1031 are equal (as shown in FIG. 14 ) or unequal (as shown in FIG. 15 ).
参照图7和图15所示,本申请实施例中,每个导电件120可以为导电柱,例如,该导电柱可嵌设在辐射口面101上的限位槽1011内。该导电件120的径向截面形状可以为圆形(参照图7所示),换句话说,每个导电件120为圆柱结构。参照图15所示,在一些示例中,每个导电件120的径向截面形状还可以是多边形,其中,该多边形可以是三角形、四边形、五边形等,例如,每个导电件120的径向截面形状为四边形(参照图15所示)。Referring to FIG. 7 and FIG. 15 , in the embodiment of the present application, each conductive member 120 may be a conductive column, for example, the conductive column may be embedded in a limiting groove 1011 on the radiation port surface 101 . The radial cross-sectional shape of the conductive elements 120 may be circular (as shown in FIG. 7 ), in other words, each conductive element 120 is a cylindrical structure. 15, in some examples, the radial cross-sectional shape of each conductive member 120 can also be a polygon, wherein, the polygon can be a triangle, a quadrangle, a pentagon, etc., for example, the diameter of each conductive member 120 The cross-sectional shape is a quadrilateral (shown in Fig. 15).
当然,在其他示例中,每个导电件120的径向截面形状还可以是其他不规则形状,例如,每个导电件120的径向截面形状可以为“十”字型或者“X”型等,本申请实施例具体不对导电件120的径向结构形状进行限制,只要保证该导电件120能够将辐射口103分隔为多个子辐射口1031即可。另外,每个导电件120的径向截面面积即导电柱的粗细程度不限。Of course, in other examples, the radial cross-sectional shape of each conductive member 120 can also be other irregular shapes, for example, the radial cross-sectional shape of each conductive member 120 can be a "cross" shape or an "X" shape, etc. The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the radial structural shape of the conductive member 120 , as long as the conductive member 120 can divide the radiation opening 103 into multiple sub-radiation openings 1031 . In addition, the radial cross-sectional area of each conductive element 120 , that is, the thickness of the conductive column is not limited.
参照图14所示,本申请实施例的导电件120还可以是金属丝,例如,该金属丝的至少部分可嵌设在辐射口面101上的限位槽1011内,或者焊接在辐射口面101上。金属丝的设置减小导电件120在天线100内的占用尺寸,例如,该金属丝减小了导电件120在辐射口103沿第一方向(例如图14中x方向所示)的尺寸,这样,在辐射口103的尺寸一定时,可增大导电件120的设置数量,从而使得辐射口103可分隔为多个子辐射口1031,从而使得天线100形成平面波前,增大天线100的增益。另外,该金属丝也减小了导电件120在天线100沿高度方向(参照图14中z方向所示)的尺寸,实现了天线100的小型化。Referring to Figure 14, the conductive member 120 of the embodiment of the present application can also be a metal wire, for example, at least part of the metal wire can be embedded in the limiting groove 1011 on the radiation port surface 101, or welded to the radiation port surface 101 on. The arrangement of the metal wire reduces the occupied size of the conductive member 120 in the antenna 100, for example, the metal wire reduces the size of the conductive member 120 along the first direction (such as shown in the x direction in FIG. 14 ) at the radiation port 103, so that , when the size of the radiation port 103 is constant, the number of conductive members 120 can be increased, so that the radiation port 103 can be divided into a plurality of sub-radiation ports 1031, so that the antenna 100 can form a plane wave front and increase the gain of the antenna 100. In addition, the metal wire also reduces the size of the conductive member 120 along the height direction of the antenna 100 (refer to the z direction shown in FIG. 14 ), and realizes the miniaturization of the antenna 100 .
在其他示例中,该导电件120还可以是金属薄片,例如,该金属薄片可垂直插设在辐射口面101上的限位槽1011内,这样,可减小导电件120在辐射口103沿第一方向(例如图14中x方向所示)的尺寸,可在保证每个子辐射口1031能够供一定工作频率的电磁波穿过的基础上,可增加导电件120在一定尺寸的辐射口103内的设置数量,从而可提高天线100的增益。In other examples, the conductive member 120 can also be a thin metal sheet. For example, the thin metal sheet can be vertically inserted into the limiting groove 1011 on the surface of the radiation opening 101. In this way, the conductive member 120 can be reduced. The size of the first direction (such as shown in the x direction in Fig. 14) can increase the conductive member 120 in the radiation port 103 of a certain size on the basis of ensuring that each sub-radiation port 1031 can pass through the electromagnetic wave of a certain operating frequency. The number of settings can increase the gain of the antenna 100 .
基于上述可知,本申请实施例的导电件120可以设置为任意结构,只要能够对辐射口103的空间进行x方向上的分隔即可,本申请实施例对导电件120的结构不做限制。Based on the above, the conductive member 120 in the embodiment of the present application can be arranged in any structure, as long as the space of the radiation opening 103 can be separated in the x direction, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the structure of the conductive member 120 .
图16是本申请一实施例提供的天线的再一种结构示意图。参照图16所示,示例性地,导电件120的外侧壁还可包裹有加强层140,这样,可增强导电件120的结构强度,例如,当导电件120的径向尺寸较小时,可通过加强层140的包裹,使得导电件120在辐射口103上 的结构更加稳定,从而提高了每个子辐射口11031的结构稳定性。Fig. 16 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 16 , for example, the outer wall of the conductive member 120 can also be wrapped with a reinforcing layer 140, so that the structural strength of the conductive member 120 can be enhanced. For example, when the radial dimension of the conductive member 120 is small, it can be passed The wrapping of the reinforcing layer 140 makes the structure of the conductive member 120 on the radiation opening 103 more stable, thereby improving the structural stability of each sub-radiation opening 11031 .
其中,加强层140的材料选择介电常数较低的材料,例如,该加强层140可选择介电常数小于或者等于3的材料,以接近空气的介电常数,减小甚至忽略该加强层140对电磁波的能量损耗,保证天线的辐射性能。Wherein, the material of the reinforcement layer 140 is selected from a material with a lower dielectric constant. For example, the reinforcement layer 140 may select a material with a dielectric constant less than or equal to 3, so as to approach the dielectric constant of air, and reduce or even ignore the reinforcement layer 140. The energy loss of electromagnetic waves ensures the radiation performance of the antenna.
具体设置时,加强层140的材料可以包括但不限于泡沫塑料、非极性树脂、弱极性树脂中的任意一种。例如,加强层140可选用聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、酚醛泡沫塑料等介电常数在2.5左右的材料。When specifically configured, the material of the reinforcement layer 140 may include, but not limited to, any one of foam plastics, non-polar resin, and weakly polar resin. For example, the reinforcement layer 140 can be made of polyurethane, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, phenolic foam and other materials with a dielectric constant of about 2.5.
应当理解,导电件120安装在天线主体110上,例如,导电件120设置在辐射口面101上时,该导电件120位于辐射口1031以外的部分可贴设在辐射口面101上,导电件120位于辐射口1031上的部分可与辐射口面101的表面平行,换句话说,该导电件120例如金属丝可以绷直设置在辐射口面101上。It should be understood that the conductive member 120 is installed on the antenna main body 110. For example, when the conductive member 120 is arranged on the radiation port surface 101, the part of the conductive member 120 outside the radiation port 1031 can be attached to the radiation port surface 101. The conductive member The portion of 120 located on the radiation opening 1031 may be parallel to the surface of the radiation opening 101 , in other words, the conductive member 120 such as a metal wire may be stretched and arranged on the radiation opening 101 .
在一些示例中,该导电件120例如金属丝还可以在辐射口103上进行弯曲,例如,导电件120位于辐射口103上的部分可弯曲并凸出于辐射口面101,或者凹陷至天线主体110的内腔中,本申请实施例对此不做限制。In some examples, the conductive member 120 such as a metal wire can also be bent on the radiation port 103, for example, the part of the conductive member 120 on the radiation port 103 can be bent and protrude from the radiation port surface 101, or be recessed to the antenna main body 110, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
图17是本申请一实施例提供的天线的再一种结构示意图。参照图17所示,本申请实施例的辐射口103为多个,多个辐射口103间隔设置在天线主体110的辐射口面101上。Fig. 17 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG. 17 , there are multiple radiation ports 103 in the embodiment of the present application, and the plurality of radiation ports 103 are arranged at intervals on the radiation port surface 101 of the antenna main body 110 .
可以理解的是,当天线主体110的辐射口面101上具有多个辐射口103时,天线主体110的馈电面102上具有多个馈电口,多个馈电口与多个辐射口103一一对应设置,换句话说,每个馈电口与对应的辐射口103在天线100的高度方向上连通,每个馈电口可通过对应的转接结构400例如馈电网络与射频电路200电连接。It can be understood that when there are multiple radiation ports 103 on the radiation port surface 101 of the antenna main body 110, there are multiple feed ports on the feed surface 102 of the antenna body 110, and the multiple feed ports and the multiple radiation ports 103 One-to-one correspondence setting, in other words, each feeding port communicates with the corresponding radiation port 103 in the height direction of the antenna 100, and each feeding port can pass through the corresponding switching structure 400 such as the feeding network and the radio frequency circuit 200 electrical connection.
当天线100为发送天线100时,射频电路200可向每个馈电口馈入相应的射频信号,该射频信号在该馈电口与对应的辐射口103之间的内腔内形成电场,并产生电磁波,该电磁波最终从对应的辐射口103辐射出去。When the antenna 100 is the transmitting antenna 100, the radio frequency circuit 200 can feed a corresponding radio frequency signal into each feeding port, and the radio frequency signal forms an electric field in the cavity between the feeding port and the corresponding radiation port 103, and Electromagnetic waves are generated, and the electromagnetic waves are finally radiated from the corresponding radiation ports 103 .
其中,射频电路200可向每个馈电口馈入不同幅度的射频信号,使得本申请实施例的天线100获得较低的副瓣特性。Wherein, the radio frequency circuit 200 can feed radio frequency signals of different amplitudes into each feeding port, so that the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application can obtain lower side lobe characteristics.
参照图17所示,可以理解的是,本申请实施例的辐射口面101为二维平面结构,例如,该辐射口面101位于xy平面(x方向和y方向共同形成的平面)上,多个辐射口103可呈m*n阵列排布在天线主体110的辐射口面101上,其中,m为多个辐射口103形成的阵列的行数,m可以为大于或者等于1的任意离散值,例如,m可以是1、2或3等,n为多个辐射口103形成的阵列的列数,n可以为大于或者等于1的任意离散值,例如,n可以是1、2或3等。Referring to FIG. 17 , it can be understood that the radiation aperture 101 of the embodiment of the present application is a two-dimensional planar structure, for example, the radiation aperture 101 is located on the xy plane (the plane jointly formed by the x direction and the y direction). The radiation ports 103 can be arranged in an m*n array on the radiation port surface 101 of the antenna body 110, where m is the number of rows of the array formed by a plurality of radiation ports 103, and m can be any discrete value greater than or equal to 1 For example, m can be 1, 2 or 3, etc., n is the number of columns of the array formed by a plurality of radiation ports 103, and n can be any discrete value greater than or equal to 1, for example, n can be 1, 2 or 3, etc. .
参照图17所示,示例性地,天线主体110的辐射口面101上具有四个辐射口103,四个辐射口103呈2*2阵列排布,例如,沿辐射口面101的x方向间隔设置有两个辐射口103,沿辐射口面101的y方向间隔设置有两个辐射口103,相应地,在天线主体110的馈电面102上可设置呈2*2阵列排布的四个馈电口。Referring to FIG. 17 , for example, there are four radiation ports 103 on the radiation port surface 101 of the antenna main body 110, and the four radiation ports 103 are arranged in a 2*2 array, for example, spaced along the x direction of the radiation port surface 101 Two radiation ports 103 are provided, and two radiation ports 103 are arranged at intervals along the y-direction of the radiation port surface 101. Correspondingly, on the feeding surface 102 of the antenna main body 110, four feed port.
在一些示例中,本申请实施例的辐射口面101还可以是三维曲面结构(图中未示出),多个辐射口面101间隔设置在该三维曲面结构上,本申请实施例不对辐射口面101的结构进行限制。In some examples, the radiation port surface 101 of the embodiment of the present application may also be a three-dimensional curved surface structure (not shown in the figure), and a plurality of radiation port surfaces 101 are arranged at intervals on the three-dimensional curved surface structure. The structure of the surface 101 is limited.
本申请实施例通过在天线主体110上设置多个间隔的辐射口103,使得本申请实施例的天线100形成阵列天线,这样,天线100的各个辐射口面101形成的阵子之间可实现能量加 权,从而增大了本申请实施例的天线100的增益,扩宽了天线100的带宽,使得天线100的工作性能得以提升,也可保证天线100在剖面高度上的尺寸不会受到影响,即保证了天线100的低剖面。In the embodiment of the present application, by setting a plurality of spaced radiation ports 103 on the antenna main body 110, the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application forms an array antenna, so that energy weighting can be realized between the elements formed by the radiation ports 101 of the antenna 100 , thereby increasing the gain of the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application, widening the bandwidth of the antenna 100, improving the performance of the antenna 100, and ensuring that the size of the antenna 100 in the section height will not be affected, that is, ensuring The low profile of the antenna 100 is shown.
另外,通过在天线主体110上设置多个间隔的辐射口103,使得本申请实施例的天线100形成的阵列天线更易于批量加工制作。In addition, by arranging a plurality of spaced radiation openings 103 on the antenna main body 110 , the array antenna formed by the antenna 100 according to the embodiment of the present application is easier to manufacture in batches.
本申请实施例的天线100可以包括但不限于波导缝隙天线100、波导喇叭天线100(参照图4所示)、波导探头天线100中的任意一种,也即是说,本申请实施例的改进方案可适应于任意一种天线100,换句话说,可对波导缝隙天线100、波导喇叭天线100、波导探头天线100等任意一个天线100的辐射口面101进行改进,实现天线100的高增益、低剖面的特点,丰富了本申请实施例的天线100的应用场景。The antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application may include, but not limited to, any one of the waveguide slot antenna 100, the waveguide horn antenna 100 (shown in FIG. 4 ), and the waveguide probe antenna 100, that is to say, the improvement of the embodiment of the present application The scheme can be adapted to any antenna 100, in other words, the radiation surface 101 of any antenna 100 such as the waveguide slot antenna 100, the waveguide horn antenna 100, the waveguide probe antenna 100, etc. can be improved to achieve high gain and high gain of the antenna 100. The feature of low profile enriches the application scenarios of the antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present application.
图18是本申请一实施例提供的天线的再一种结构示意图,图19是本申请一实施例提供的天线的再一种结构示意图。参照图18和图19所示,另外,当本申请实施例的天线100为波导喇叭天线时,该波导喇叭天线可以包括但不限于E面波导喇叭天线、H面波导喇叭天线、方波导喇叭天线(参照图4和图18所示)和脊波导喇叭天线(参照图19所示)中的任意一种。FIG. 18 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 19 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. 18 and 19, in addition, when the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application is a waveguide horn antenna, the waveguide horn antenna may include, but not limited to, an E-plane waveguide horn antenna, an H-plane waveguide horn antenna, and a square waveguide horn antenna. (refer to Figure 4 and Figure 18) and any one of the ridge waveguide horn antenna (refer to Figure 19).
其中,方波导喇叭天线的喇叭段可以是其中一对侧壁逐渐张开,另一对侧壁平行设置的结构(参照图4所示),也可以是两对相对的侧壁均张开的结构,即该方波导喇叭天线为角锥喇叭天线(参照图18所示),本申请实施例对方波导喇叭天线的结构不做限制。Wherein, the horn section of the square waveguide horn antenna can be a structure in which a pair of side walls are gradually opened, and the other pair of side walls is arranged in parallel (as shown in FIG. 4 ), or two pairs of opposite side walls can be opened. The structure, that is, the square waveguide horn antenna is a pyramidal horn antenna (refer to FIG. 18 ), and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the structure of the waveguide horn antenna.
本申请实施例的天线100可以是沿径向的侧壁为封闭式结构的天线100(参照图4、图18和图19所示),换句话说,除天线100的馈电面102和辐射口面101为开口结构外,馈电面102和辐射口面101之间的侧壁均为封闭结构。The antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application may be an antenna 100 whose radial side wall is a closed structure (refer to FIG. 4, FIG. 18 and FIG. The opening surface 101 is an open structure, and the side walls between the feeding surface 102 and the radiation opening surface 101 are all closed structures.
参照图18和图19所示,可以理解的是,本申请实施例的天线100可以是沿径向的侧壁为非封闭结构,换句话说,除天线100的馈电面102和辐射口面101为开口结构外,馈电面102和辐射口面101之间的侧壁也为开口结构。图20是本申请一实施例提供的天线的再一种结构示意图。参照图20所示,该天线100沿径向的侧壁以及馈电面102均为开口结构,本申请实施例具体不对天线100的结构进行限制。18 and 19, it can be understood that the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application may have a non-closed structure along the radial side wall, in other words, except for the feeding surface 102 and the radiation surface of the antenna 100 101 is an opening structure, and the side wall between the feeding surface 102 and the radiation opening surface 101 is also an opening structure. Fig. 20 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG. 20 , the antenna 100 has an opening structure along the radial side wall and the feeding surface 102 , and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the structure of the antenna 100 .
图21是本申请一实施例提供的天线的回波损耗的特征结果图,图22是本申请一实施例提供的天线的竖直面低副瓣的特征结果图,图23是本申请一实施例提供的天线的水平面宽波束的特征结果图。参照图21-图23所示,本申请实施例是以六个子辐射口1031,例如,在辐射口103内设置五个导电件120为例,进行的性能测试,图21中曲线a1为本申请实施例的天线100的回波损耗特征曲线,曲线b1为相关技术中天线1的回拨损耗特征曲线,可以看出,相对于相关技术中的天线1,本申请实施例的天线100将增益由7.5dB提升到10.3dB(参照图21所示)。Fig. 21 is a characteristic result diagram of the return loss of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application, Fig. 22 is a characteristic result diagram of the vertical plane low sidelobe of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application, Fig. 23 is an implementation of the present application The characteristic result graph of the horizontal plane wide beam of the antenna provided in the example. Referring to Figures 21-23, the embodiment of the present application is based on six sub-radiation openings 1031, for example, setting five conductive members 120 in the radiation opening 103 as an example, and the performance test is carried out. The curve a1 in Figure 21 is the The return loss characteristic curve of the antenna 100 of the embodiment, the curve b1 is the callback loss characteristic curve of the antenna 1 in the related art, it can be seen that, compared with the antenna 1 in the related art, the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application has a gain of 7.5dB is raised to 10.3dB (refer to Figure 21).
参照图22所示,曲线a2为本申请实施例的天线100的竖直面低副瓣特征曲线,曲线b2为相关技术的天线1的竖直面低副瓣特征曲线,可以看出,垂直面低副瓣由相关技术中的-5dB降低到本申请实施例的-26.6dB,其中,曲线a2中m1的坐标为(0.0000,-72.0000),m2的坐标为(10.2853,-16.3536),展宽工作带宽改善匹配。Referring to Fig. 22, curve a2 is the low sidelobe characteristic curve of the vertical plane of the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application, and curve b2 is the low sidelobe characteristic curve of the vertical plane of the antenna 1 of the related art. It can be seen that the vertical plane The low sidelobe is reduced from -5dB in the related art to -26.6dB in the embodiment of the present application, wherein the coordinates of m1 in the curve a2 are (0.0000, -72.0000), and the coordinates of m2 are (10.2853, -16.3536), the broadening work Bandwidth improves matching.
另外,参照图23所示,曲线a3为本申请实施例的天线100的水平面宽波束特征曲线,曲线b3为相关技术的天线1的水平面宽波束特征曲线,可以看出,水平面宽波束性能未 受影响,3dB的水平面波束≥110°。In addition, referring to FIG. 23, curve a3 is the characteristic curve of the horizontal plane wide beam of the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application, and curve b3 is the characteristic curve of the horizontal plane wide beam of the antenna 1 of the related art. It can be seen that the horizontal plane wide beam Performance is unaffected with a 3dB horizontal beam ≥110°.
基于上述可知,本申请实施例的天线100在保证增益、竖直面低副瓣、水平面宽波束的特性基础上,可保证天线100的低剖面高度和小辐射口面101,使得天线100得以小型化,同时也减轻了天线100的重量,节约了天线100的制作成本。Based on the above, it can be seen that the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application can ensure the low profile height and small radiation surface 101 of the antenna 100 on the basis of ensuring the characteristics of gain, low sidelobe in the vertical plane, and wide beam in the horizontal plane, so that the antenna 100 can be Miniaturization also reduces the weight of the antenna 100 and saves the production cost of the antenna 100 .
上述特性结果是以六个子辐射口1031,例如,在辐射口103内设置五个导电件120为例,进行的性能测试。当然,本申请实施例通过将辐射口103分隔成更多或者更少的子辐射口1031,也同样可达到此效果,本申请实施例对子辐射口1031的数量不做限制。The above characteristic results are performance tests conducted by taking six sub-radiation openings 1031 , for example, setting five conductive members 120 in the radiation opening 103 as an example. Of course, this effect can also be achieved by dividing the radiation opening 103 into more or fewer sub-radiation openings 1031 in the embodiment of the present application, and the number of sub-radiation openings 1031 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
本申请实施例通过在电子设备例如雷达***内设置上述天线100,提高了天线100的增益,保证了电子设备的信号传输性能,也实现了天线100的低剖面和小辐射口面101,减小了天线100在电子设备内的占用尺寸,为电子设备内设置其他部件提供了合适的空间,例如,可在保证电子设备的尺寸一定的基础上,在电子设备内设置阵列天线,以进一步提升电子设备的性能,使得该电子设备可满足更多的要求,以适应更多的应用场景。例如,可在车载雷达***应用中,具有极高的应用价值。另外,本申请实施例的天线100还可适用于毫米波感知雷达,卫星动中通等尺寸受限的场景。In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the above-mentioned antenna 100 in an electronic device such as a radar system, the gain of the antenna 100 is improved, the signal transmission performance of the electronic device is ensured, and the low profile and small radiation surface 101 of the antenna 100 are also realized, reducing the The occupied size of the antenna 100 in the electronic device is ensured, and a suitable space is provided for setting other components in the electronic device. For example, an array antenna can be set in the electronic device on the basis of ensuring a certain size of the electronic device, so as to further improve the performance of the electronic device. The performance of the device enables the electronic device to meet more requirements and adapt to more application scenarios. For example, it can be used in vehicle radar system applications and has extremely high application value. In addition, the antenna 100 of the embodiment of the present application may also be applicable to scenarios with limited size such as millimeter wave sensing radar and satellite communication in motion.
本申请实施例通过在电子设备例如雷达***内设置上述多个天线100形成的阵列天线,一方面提高了电子设备的工作性能,另一方面也减小阵列天线在电子设备内的占用尺寸,换个角度来说,可在电子设备尺寸一定的基础上,增大阵列天线中天线100的设置数量,从而可提高阵列天线100的辐射性能,使得电子设备的工作性能得以提升。In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the array antenna formed by the above-mentioned multiple antennas 100 in an electronic device such as a radar system, on the one hand, the working performance of the electronic device is improved, and on the other hand, the occupied size of the array antenna in the electronic device is also reduced. From a perspective, on the basis of a certain size of the electronic device, the number of antennas 100 in the array antenna can be increased, thereby improving the radiation performance of the array antenna 100 and improving the working performance of the electronic device.
这里需要说明的是,本申请实施例涉及的数值和数值范围为近似值,受制造工艺的影响,可能会存在一定范围的误差,这部分误差本领域技术人员可以认为忽略不计。It should be noted here that the numerical values and numerical ranges involved in the embodiments of the present application are approximate values, and there may be a certain range of errors due to the influence of the manufacturing process, and those skilled in the art may consider these errors to be negligible.
应理解,在本申请中“电连接”可理解为元器件物理接触并电导通;也可理解为线路构造中不同元器件之间通过印制电路板(printed circuit board,PCB)铜箔或导线等可传输电信号的实体线路进行连接的形式。“耦合”可理解为通过间接耦合的方式隔空电导通。本申请中的耦合可以理解为电容耦合,例如通过两个导电件120间隔的间隙之间的耦合形成等效电容来实现信号传输。其中,本领域人员可以理解的是,耦合现象即指两个或两个以上的电路元件或电网络的输入与输出之间存在紧密配合与相互影响,并通过相互作用从一侧向另一侧传输能量的现象。“通信连接”可以指电信号传输,包括无线通信连接和有线通信连接。无线通信连接不需要实体媒介,且不属于对产品构造进行限定的连接关系。“连接”、“相连”均可以指一种机械连接关系或物理连接关系,即A与B连接或A与B相连可以指,A与B之间存在紧固的构件(如螺钉、螺栓、铆钉等),或者A与B相互接触且A与B难以被分离。It should be understood that "electrical connection" in this application can be understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction of components; it can also be understood as the connection between different components in the circuit structure through printed circuit board (printed circuit board, PCB) copper foil or wires A form of connection such as physical lines that can transmit electrical signals. "Coupling" can be understood as electrical conduction through space through indirect coupling. The coupling in this application can be understood as capacitive coupling, for example, the coupling between the gaps between the two conductive elements 120 forms an equivalent capacitance to realize signal transmission. Among them, those skilled in the art can understand that the coupling phenomenon refers to the close cooperation and mutual influence between the input and output of two or more circuit elements or electrical networks, and through the interaction from one side to the other side The phenomenon of energy transfer. "Communication connection" may refer to electrical signal transmission, including wireless communication connection and wired communication connection. A wireless communication connection does not require a physical medium and does not belong to a connection relationship that defines a product configuration. Both "connection" and "connection" can refer to a mechanical or physical connection relationship, that is, the connection between A and B or the connection between A and B can mean that there are fastening components (such as screws, bolts, rivets, etc.) between A and B. etc.), or A and B are in contact with each other and A and B are difficult to be separated.
在本申请实施例的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应作广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或者两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a An indirect connection through an intermediary may be an internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application according to specific situations.
本申请实施例的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象,而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the description and claims of the embodiments of the present application and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, while It is not necessarily used to describe a particular order or sequence.
Claims (15)
- 一种天线,其特征在于,包括天线主体;An antenna, characterized in that it includes an antenna body;所述天线主体具有辐射口面,所述辐射口面上具有至少一个辐射口,所述辐射口处设置有一个导电件,所述导电件将所述辐射口分隔成两个子辐射口;或者,所述辐射口处设置有多个导电件,多个导电件沿垂直于所述辐射口的电场方向间隔设置,以将所述辐射口分隔为三个或者三个以上所述子辐射口;The antenna main body has a radiation opening surface, the radiation opening surface has at least one radiation opening, and a conductive member is arranged at the radiation opening, and the conductive member separates the radiation opening into two sub-radiation openings; or, The radiation opening is provided with a plurality of conductive members, and the plurality of conductive members are arranged at intervals along the direction of the electric field perpendicular to the radiation opening, so as to divide the radiation opening into three or more sub-radiation openings;多个所述子辐射口沿垂直于所述辐射口面上的电场方向间隔设置,且每个所述子辐射口均位于所述辐射口面上,每个所述子辐射口沿垂直于所述电场方向的尺寸为0.3λ~2λ,其中,所述λ为所述天线的工作波长。A plurality of the sub-radiation openings are arranged at intervals along the electric field direction perpendicular to the radiation opening surface, and each of the sub-radiation openings is located on the radiation opening surface, and each of the sub-radiation openings is vertical to the radiation opening surface. The size of the electric field direction is 0.3λ˜2λ, wherein the λ is the working wavelength of the antenna.
- 根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,所述导电件位于所述天线主体的内部,且所述导电件的两端分别连接于所述天线主体的内壁上。The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the conductive element is located inside the antenna main body, and two ends of the conductive element are respectively connected to inner walls of the antenna main body.
- 根据权利要求2所述的天线,其特征在于,所述导电件与所述天线主体为一体成型的一体件。The antenna according to claim 2, wherein the conductive member and the antenna main body are integrally formed as one piece.
- 根据权利要求2所述的天线,其特征在于,所述天线主体包括沿轴向依次设置的第一部分和第二部分;The antenna according to claim 2, wherein the antenna body comprises a first part and a second part arranged in sequence along the axial direction;所述天线为波导天线,所述第一部分包括所述天线的波导段和部分辐射段,所述第二部分为所述辐射段的另一部分;The antenna is a waveguide antenna, the first part includes a waveguide section and a part of the radiation section of the antenna, and the second part is another part of the radiation section;所述第一部分与所述第二部分为分体件,所述导电件与所述第二部分为一体成型的一体件。The first part and the second part are separate parts, and the conductive part is integrally formed with the second part.
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线,其特征在于,所述辐射口面上具有定位标识,所述定位标识用于对所述辐射口面上的所述导电件进行定位。The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that there is a positioning mark on the radiation opening surface, and the positioning mark is used for positioning the conductive member on the radiation opening surface.
- 根据权利要求5所述的天线,其特征在于,所述辐射口面上形成有限位槽,所述限位槽位于所述辐射口沿电场方向的两侧,所述导电件位于所述辐射口外侧的至少部分嵌设在所述限位槽内;The antenna according to claim 5, wherein a limiting groove is formed on the surface of the radiation opening, the limiting groove is located on both sides of the radiation opening along the electric field direction, and the conductive member is located at the radiation opening At least part of the outer side is embedded in the limiting groove;所述限位槽被配置为所述定位标识。The limiting groove is configured as the positioning mark.
- 根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,所述天线还包括连接件;The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna further comprises a connector;所述连接件盖设在所述辐射口面上,所述导电件设置在所述连接件上。The connecting piece is covered on the radiation port surface, and the conductive piece is arranged on the connecting piece.
- 根据权利要求7所述的天线,其特征在于,所述连接件为膜片,所述膜片上形成有导电图案,所述导电图案被配置为所述导电件。The antenna according to claim 7, wherein the connecting element is a diaphragm, and a conductive pattern is formed on the diaphragm, and the conductive pattern is configured as the conductive element.
- 根据权利要求7或8所述的天线,其特征在于,所述导电件的外缘与所述天线主体的内壁在平行于所述辐射口面的方向上具有一定间距。The antenna according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that there is a certain distance between the outer edge of the conductive member and the inner wall of the antenna main body in a direction parallel to the radiation opening surface.
- 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的天线,其特征在于,多个所述子辐射口的径向截面面积相等或者不相等。The antenna according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the radial cross-sectional areas of the plurality of sub-radiation openings are equal or unequal.
- 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的天线,其特征在于,所述导电件的外侧壁包裹有加强层,所述加强层的材料包括泡沫塑料、非极性树脂、弱极性树脂中的任意一种。The antenna according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, the outer wall of the conductive member is wrapped with a reinforcement layer, and the material of the reinforcement layer includes foam plastics, non-polar resins, and weak polar resins. any of the
- 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的天线,其特征在于,所述辐射口为多个,多个所述辐射口间隔设置在所述天线主体的辐射口面上。The antenna according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that there are a plurality of radiation openings, and the plurality of radiation openings are arranged at intervals on the radiation opening surface of the antenna main body.
- 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的天线,其特征在于,所述天线为波导缝隙天线、波导喇叭天线、波导探头天线中的任意一种。The antenna according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein the antenna is any one of a waveguide slot antenna, a waveguide horn antenna, and a waveguide probe antenna.
- 一种阵列天线,其特征在于,包括多个如权利要求1-13任一项所述的天线,多个所述天线呈阵列排布。An array antenna, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of antennas according to any one of claims 1-13, and the plurality of antennas are arranged in an array.
- 一种电子设备,其特征在于,包括射频电路、至少一个如权利要求1-13任一项所述的天线,或者至少一个如权利要求14所述的阵列天线;An electronic device, characterized by comprising a radio frequency circuit, at least one antenna according to any one of claims 1-13, or at least one array antenna according to claim 14;每个所述天线与所述射频电路电连接。Each of the antennas is electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit.
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US20170279193A1 (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2017-09-28 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Antenna with mechanically reconfigurable radiation pattern |
CN108832276A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-11-16 | 西安红叶通讯科技有限公司 | Millimeter wave grid cell type flat plate array antenna |
CN113161726A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-07-23 | 华中科技大学温州先进制造技术研究院 | Metal cavity millimeter wave array antenna |
CN113422214A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-09-21 | 星展测控科技股份有限公司 | Broadband dual-linear polarization waveguide array antenna and communication device |
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- 2021-12-29 CN CN202111635110.1A patent/CN116417779A/en active Pending
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US20170279193A1 (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2017-09-28 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Antenna with mechanically reconfigurable radiation pattern |
CN108832276A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-11-16 | 西安红叶通讯科技有限公司 | Millimeter wave grid cell type flat plate array antenna |
CN113161726A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-07-23 | 华中科技大学温州先进制造技术研究院 | Metal cavity millimeter wave array antenna |
CN113422214A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-09-21 | 星展测控科技股份有限公司 | Broadband dual-linear polarization waveguide array antenna and communication device |
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