WO2023123679A1 - 微电网的控制方法、装置及区域电力*** - Google Patents
微电网的控制方法、装置及区域电力*** Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/007—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
- H02J3/0073—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources for providing alternative feeding paths between load and source when the main path fails, e.g. transformers, busbars
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/16—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/16—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass
- H02H3/162—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass for ac systems
- H02H3/165—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass for ac systems for three-phase systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/002—Flicker reduction, e.g. compensation of flicker introduced by non-linear load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/30—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
Definitions
- the present disclosure generally relates to the field of electric power technology, and more specifically, relates to a control method and device for a microgrid and a regional power system.
- the initial characteristics of power grid faults are similar to transient dynamic disturbances, and the disturbances and faults should be accurately distinguished.
- the grid dynamic disturbance and transient disturbance control system should be accurately identified, and the fault detection signal will quickly return to the normal value to ensure that the circuit breaker does not trip; for faults, the fault detection signal will retain a value that is quite different from the normal value, and For a long period of time, the fault protection system should accurately trip a reasonable circuit breaker according to the location of the fault point.
- the UPS can supply power for the precision load for a short time when the power grid fails.
- most of the current UPSs are lead-carbon batteries or lithium batteries.
- the load backup power supply is practical, but its economy is not high when faced with a large number of heavy and precise loads.
- the capacity and operation mode of the UPS cannot solve the voltage flicker and short-term interruption of the load terminal voltage caused by the fault of the regional power grid, and cannot protect the precision load.
- the third existing technical solution is to improve power quality through reactive power compensation or active filter equipment.
- this method is generally aimed at reactive power shortage or voltage drop caused by load, and cannot solve power voltage flicker and power failure caused by faults. Short-term interruptions make it even more difficult to guarantee the safe and stable operation of precision loads.
- the current UPS technology and conventional microgrid technology can no longer guarantee the stable operation of precision loads from the occurrence of permanent faults to the recovery period.
- Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure aim to provide a microgrid control method, device and regional power system, which can effectively guarantee the power supply stability of target loads (eg, precision loads).
- target loads eg, precision loads
- a control method of a microgrid the microgrid is connected to a target load, and the energy storage device of the microgrid includes a power type energy storage device and an energy type energy storage device, wherein , the control method includes: determining whether the target load is disconnected from the grid; after the target load is disconnected from the grid, controlling the power-type energy storage device and the energy-type energy storage device outputting power so that the voltage of the microgrid tracks the rated voltage of the microgrid, and the frequency of the microgrid tracks the rated frequency of the microgrid.
- a control device for a microgrid the microgrid is connected to a target load
- the energy storage device for the microgrid includes a power type energy storage device and an energy type energy storage device
- the control device includes: a state determining unit configured to determine whether the target load is disconnected from the grid; an energy storage control unit configured to control the target load after the target load is disconnected from the grid
- the output power of the power-type energy storage device and the energy-type energy storage device so that the voltage of the micro-grid tracks the rated voltage of the micro-grid, and the frequency of the micro-grid tracks the rated voltage of the micro-grid frequency.
- a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor is prompted to execute the microgrid control method as described above .
- a control device for a microgrid includes: a processor; a memory storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processing The controller executes the control method of the microgrid as described above.
- a regional power system including: a microgrid and a control device for the microgrid as described above, the microgrid is connected to a target load, and the energy storage device for the microgrid includes a power type energy storage device and an energy type energy storage device; the control device is used to determine whether the target load is disconnected from the grid, and after the target load is disconnected from the grid, control the power type output power of the energy storage device and the energy-type energy storage device, so that the voltage of the microgrid tracks the rated voltage of the microgrid, and the frequency of the microgrid tracks the rated frequency of the microgrid.
- the target load is protected when the power grid fails, Guarantee the uninterrupted power supply of the target load and improve the power supply stability of the target load. Especially after a permanent fault occurs in the power grid, it can protect the precision load.
- Figure 1 shows an example of the topology of a district power system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a positive sequence equivalent circuit diagram after a fault occurs according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a negative-sequence equivalent circuit diagram after a fault occurs according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a zero-sequence network architecture diagram after a fault occurs according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- Fig. 5 shows an example of a zero-sequence network contour diagram after a fault occurs according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 6 shows an example of Thevenin equivalent circuit diagrams of positive sequence, negative sequence and zero sequence according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a composite sequence network equivalent diagram of a single-phase short-circuit fault according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of a control method of a microgrid according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 9 shows an example of a topology including a microgrid according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- Fig. 10 shows an example of the operation control states of the energy-type energy storage device and the power-type energy storage device at time t 0- according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- Fig. 11 shows an example of the operation control states of the energy-type energy storage device and the power-type energy storage device at time t 0+ according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- Fig. 12 shows an example of the control state when the energy-type energy storage device and the power-type energy storage device are overregulated according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- Fig. 13 shows another example of the control state when the energy-type energy storage device and the power-type energy storage device are overregulated according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- Fig. 14 shows another example of the control state when the energy-type energy storage device and the power-type energy storage device are overregulated according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- Fig. 15 shows an example of the control states of an energy-type energy storage device and a power-type energy storage device t 0+ according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- Fig. 16 shows an example of control states of an energy-type energy storage device and a power-type energy storage device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- Fig. 17 shows an example of the control states of an energy-type energy storage device and a power-type energy storage device in a steady state according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- Fig. 18 shows a structural block diagram of a control device for a microgrid according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 19 shows a block topology diagram of a district power system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a topology of a district power system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the regional power system is mainly a local power system with a voltage level below 220kV.
- the rest is mainly composed of loads, large-scale renewable energy, energy storage, micro-grid groups, etc.
- Zero-carbon local power system composition T-1 and T-2 represent transformers, and LD represents load and/or reactive power compensation equipment.
- the regional power system mainly includes regional generators (substation equivalent generators), three-winding transformers, double-winding transformers, transmission and distribution lines, and precision loads, etc. There may also be other loads on the transmission and distribution lines Or the power distribution branch circuit, which will not be described in detail here.
- the traditional power system forms a 220kV power tie line through a substation, and the end of the line is connected to the target load that requires stable power supply (for example, a precision load park) through a dedicated line.
- Each node in the regional power system topology shown in Figure 1 is explained below. Node 1 represents an infinite power system node, because compared with the large power grid, the capacity of the regional power system is small.
- Node 2 represents the outlet node of the substation.
- the voltage of this node is generally at the voltage level of 35kV ⁇ 110kV.
- Node 3 is a precision load outlet node, and it is generally powered separately through a dedicated line.
- the line between node 2 and node 3 can be a single-circuit line or a double-circuit power supply line (to improve power supply stability).
- Node 4 is a medium and low voltage node for precision loads, generally 10kV.
- Node 5 is the grid connection point where the remaining loads are located.
- CB1, CB2, CB3 and CB4 represent circuit breakers on the line.
- the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the substation voltage of 110kV, and is still applicable to other voltage levels such as substation outlet voltages of 220kV and 35kV.
- the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited to single-circuit power supply lines, but also includes double-circuit power supply lines, structural forms of ring network power supply lines, and radial area structures.
- the voltage level of the load node is not limited to 10kV, and it is still applicable to other nodes that meet the medium and low voltage voltage level specifications.
- Precision loads have very high requirements for power supply stability.
- chip processing equipment, photolithography machines, and silicon purification equipment all require that the voltage cannot be interrupted and the voltage needs to be maintained within the specified range.
- the present disclosure considers that if a fault occurs at position f between node 4 and node 3 (that is, the fault point), for the convenience of illustration, equivalent modeling is performed on the above-mentioned regional power system topology diagram, as shown in FIG. 2 . Firstly, calculate the unit value of important components such as lines, transformers, power supplies and loads.
- the calculation results are expressed by parameters as the generator port voltage is G 1 , the star-connected impedance of the high-voltage side of transformer T-1 is X T-11 , and the transformer T- 1
- the low-voltage side star connection impedance is X T-12
- the low-voltage side corner connection impedance of transformer T-1 is X T-13
- the transmission line impedance between the equivalent generator and the three-winding transformer T-1 is X 1
- the impedance between the low-voltage star connection side of transformer T-1 and node 2 is X 2
- the impedance of the distribution line between node 2 and node 3 is X 3
- the impedance between node 3 and the high-voltage side of transformer T-2 in the precision load park is
- the dedicated line impedance is X 4
- the line impedance from the low-voltage corner connection side of the transformer T-2 to the park load is X 5
- the equivalent impedance of transformer T-2 is X T-2
- the equivalent circuit of the positive-sequence network should include all power system components except the neutral grounding impedance, unloaded lines, and unloaded transformers. Since there are no no-load lines and no-load transformers in Fig. 1, the positive sequence network diagram of the system is further analyzed and optimized as shown in Fig. 2, where U a1 represents the positive sequence voltage value. From the observation of the positive sequence network at the fault point, it can be seen that this is an active network.
- the faults of the regional power system are analyzed as follows: Because the components that the negative sequence current can flow in the negative sequence equivalent circuit diagram are the same as the positive sequence, but all the negative sequence potentials of the power supply are zero. According to this, the negative sequence equivalent circuit diagram after the fault can be obtained synchronously, as shown in Figure 3, where U a2 represents the negative sequence voltage value. Observing the negative sequence network from the fault point shows that this is a passive network.
- the zero-sequence potential representing the occurrence of a fault is applied at the short-circuit point, and the zero-sequence current has the same magnitude and phase, and must pass through the ground to form a path.
- the zero-sequence current loop must be related to the neutral-point grounded components. For voltage levels of 110kV and above, direct grounding is generally used, and the grounding resistance can be ignored. U 0 means zero-sequence voltage. Accordingly, the zero-sequence equivalent circuit after the fault can be obtained is shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
- formula (1) in, Indicates the short-circuit phase (that is, the fault phase) voltage, and Indicates the non-short-circuit phase current, according to the law of symmetrical components, formula (1) can be expressed as:
- a permanent fault occurs, and the fault is isolated after the grid side circuit breaker CB3 is opened, and the system on the left side of CB3 can still operate normally, but the power on the right side of CB3 is cut off due to the continuation of the fault, which will cause the T-2 transformer and the back-end precision
- the power supply of the load is disconnected, and the power supply of the precision load cannot be guaranteed.
- the circuit breaker on the grid side will only switch on and transmit power after the fault is manually cleared, during which the power outage can last for several hours. As a result, precision loads are disconnected from power supply, which seriously affects production efficiency and production quality.
- Fig. 8 shows a flowchart of a control method of a microgrid according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the microgrid is connected to the target load, and the energy storage device of the microgrid includes a power type energy storage device (hereinafter also referred to as power type energy storage device) and an energy type energy storage device (hereinafter also referred to as energy type energy storage device for short). ).
- the target load may be a load requiring stable power supply.
- the microgrid may include: at least one photovoltaic power generation system and/or at least one wind power generating set.
- the target load is also connected to the grid.
- the present disclosure proposes a method for protecting a target load when a permanent fault occurs in a microgrid including a power-type energy storage device and an energy-type energy storage device.
- the present disclosure proposes to parallel connect a microgrid with an appropriate capacity (the microgrid includes a power-type energy storage device and an energy-type energy storage device) at the outlet end of the target load transformer.
- the power-type energy storage device can quickly respond to the fault current of the grid system at a millisecond speed, and the moment of the fault occurs, the current pressure of the grid on the fault point is reduced.
- the power-type energy storage device and the energy-type energy storage device will work together as a transient support source to stabilize the microgrid system on the right of CB4 and enter the transient disturbance stage of island operation.
- the power-type energy storage device will serve as a supporting power source for the grid to assist the voltage and frequency stability of the micro-grid system, while in the long-term operation of the island, the energy-type energy storage device will serve as the main supporting power source to maintain the voltage and frequency stability of the micro-grid system.
- Renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics in the system will continue to operate as microgrid follower power sources, providing fluctuating, uncertain and random currents.
- T-3, T-4, T-5, and T-6 represent transformers
- CB5, CB6, CB7, and CB8 represent circuit breakers
- the precision load zone is the target load.
- the power type energy storage device may include but not limited to at least one of the following items: supercapacitor energy storage, flywheel energy storage. It should be understood that other suitable types of power energy storage may also be included, and this disclosure is not limited thereto.
- the energy storage device may include but not limited to at least one of the following items: lithium battery, all-vanadium liquid flow. It should be understood that other suitable types of energy-based energy storage may also be included, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
- step S10 it is determined whether the target load is disconnected from the grid, that is, it is determined whether the connection between the grid and the target load is disconnected.
- connection between the power grid and the target load is disconnected may be determined in an appropriate manner, which will not be repeated here.
- step S20 after the target load is disconnected from the grid (that is, after the connection between the grid and the target load is disconnected), control the power-type energy storage device and the energy The output power of the type energy storage device, so that the voltage of the microgrid tracks the rated voltage of the microgrid, and makes the frequency of the microgrid track the rated frequency of the microgrid.
- control the output power or absorption rate of the power-type energy storage device and the energy-type energy storage device to adjust the micro-grid to supply power to the target load stability.
- the output power adjustment speed of the power-type energy storage device is higher than the output power adjustment speed of the energy-type energy storage device, so as to avoid reverse tripping caused by over-regulation.
- the virtual inertia used to control the output power of the power-type energy storage device may be greater than the virtual inertia used to control the output power of the energy-type energy storage device, and/or, control the power-type energy storage device
- the droop coefficient used for the output power of the energy storage device may be smaller than the droop coefficient used for controlling the output power of the energy storage device, so that the adjustment speed of the output power of the power storage device is faster than that of the energy storage device.
- the output power of the device can adjust the speed.
- the microgrid control method may further include: when a short-circuit fault occurs in the grid and the target load is not disconnected from the grid, controlling the power-type energy storage The device and the energy-type energy storage device provide a short-circuit current for a fault point of the grid to avoid disconnection of a circuit breaker between the target load and the grid.
- the circuit breaker is turned off, the target load is disconnected from the grid, and the circuit breaker is the circuit breaker corresponding to the fault point.
- the difference between the voltage of the microgrid and the rated voltage As an example, after the target load is disconnected from the grid, according to the difference between the voltage of the microgrid and the rated voltage, the difference between the frequency of the microgrid and the rated frequency , to control the output power of the power type energy storage device.
- the output power of the energy-type energy storage device may be controlled according to the output power of the power-type energy storage device.
- the three-phase voltage of the energy-type energy storage device and the three-phase voltage of the power-type energy storage device and the The power angle between the three-phase voltages of the microgrid may be controlled according to the output power of the power-type energy storage device.
- the output current of each power generation device in the microgrid, the The output current of the power-type energy storage device and the input current of the target load are used to control the power angle between the three-phase voltage of the energy-type energy storage device and the three-phase voltage of the microgrid.
- the power angle between the three-phase voltage of the energy-based energy storage device and the three-phase voltage of the microgrid may be positively correlated with the real-time change rate.
- the power angle and current difference between the three-phase voltage of the energy-type energy storage device and the three-phase voltage of the microgrid may be negatively correlated, wherein the current difference is: the power-type The value obtained by subtracting the output current value of each power generation device and the input current value of the target load from the output current value of the energy storage device.
- the fault current is not only provided by the traditional grid, but the power-type energy storage device can also provide instantaneous short-circuit current.
- the grid side disconnects the circuit breaker CB3, and the microgrid and precision load side disconnects the circuit breaker CB4, and the removal time of CB4 is required to be faster than that of CB3, and the microgrid system enters the island operation with the precision load.
- the present disclosure can realize that no voltage and frequency flicker or short-term interruption occurs for the target load in the above process.
- the instantaneous transient process of CB4 opening is the key point of the present disclosure.
- CB4 branch The time immediately before the gate is defined as t 0- , and the time immediately after CB4 opens is defined as t 0+ .
- the power-type energy storage device proposed in this disclosure is mainly in the transient moment, and the energy-type energy storage device and other renewable energy are supplemented by the method, which can avoid the system transient collapse caused by the system transient disturbance at the moment of CB4 opening.
- the power type energy storage device when the microgrid enters the stable island operation stage through the above-mentioned transient process, the power type energy storage device will be used as a supporting power source and the energy type energy storage device will be used as a main supporting power source to ensure that the system Safe and stable operation.
- the moment of inertia of the microgrid that enters the island operation is relatively weak, and the anti-disturbance ability is relatively weak.
- the power-type energy storage device will quickly stabilize in the event of system disturbance, and reserve enough time for the energy-type energy storage device to stabilize Adjustment to achieve safe and stable operation of the system.
- This state still exists at time t 0+ .
- CB4 opens, control the power type energy storage device and energy type energy storage device to change the original output state, and adjust the power type energy storage device and energy type energy storage device in real time during the control process.
- the external inertia of the energy device According to the wind power output power and photovoltaic output power of the system, the output power of the power-type energy storage device and the energy-type energy storage device can be adjusted in real time, and the renewable energy can be cut off when necessary.
- the target load when the target load is disconnected from the power grid and the micro-grid experiences voltage dynamic oscillations and frequency dynamic oscillations (caused by an excessively high proportion of renewable energy), cut off from the micro-grid at least one power generation device; and/or, after the target load is disconnected from the grid, when the total output power of each power generation device in the microgrid is greater than the power type energy storage device, the energy type
- the power generation device may include a wind turbine and/or a photovoltaic power generation system in a microgrid.
- ⁇ li represents the power factor angle of the energy-type energy storage device
- ⁇ li represents the power angle of the energy-type energy storage device
- Indicates the internal potential of the energy storage device Represents the voltage of the energy storage device
- R li represents the resistance between the energy storage device and the microgrid
- X li represents the reactance between the energy storage device and the microgrid
- ⁇ sc represents the power angle of the power type energy storage device
- Indicates the internal potential of the power type energy storage device Indicates the voltage of the power type energy storage device
- R sc represents the resistance between the power type energy storage device and the microgrid
- X sc represents the reactance between the power type energy storage device and the microgrid.
- FIG. 10 describes the three-phase voltage U sca , U scb and U scc at the outlet of the power-type energy storage device, the three-phase voltage at the outlet of the energy-type energy storage device U lia , U lib and U lic and the power grid E a , E b and the phase relationship between E c and the direction of potential rotation. Due to the fast transient response of the power type energy storage device, it needs to be controlled to provide more transient current during the transient process (as shown in Figure 10(b)). Moreover, the energy-type energy storage device will gradually change from the state of providing fault current to the state of absorbing excess energy of the system after switching.
- the response speed of the energy-type energy storage device should not be faster than that of the power-type energy storage device, otherwise it is very likely that the swing of the power angle will cause the system oscillation to lose stability due to over-regulation, or the power reverse protection of wind power and photovoltaic power generation will trip.
- both the energy-type energy storage device and the power-type energy storage device reach the first transient current after the system switching at time t 0+ peak, as shown in Figure 11(a).
- the dotted line represents the control state in Fig. 11, and the solid line represents the control state at the current moment.
- the power angle in the current absorbed power control mode increases, and the current absorbed by the power-type energy storage device and the energy-type energy storage device increases.
- the dotted line in Fig. 14 represents the control state in Fig. 12, and the solid line represents the control state at the current moment. It can be seen from the figure that, compared with the power angle in Figure 12, the power angle in the current output power control mode increases, and the output current of the power type energy storage device and the energy type energy storage device increases.
- the microgrid system switches to the island operation state after a fault occurs on the grid side, due to the control over-regulation problem of the power-type energy storage device and the energy-type energy storage device, the system has a rapid and divergent power angle swing, and the system It will eventually lose its stability.
- this disclosure proposes an adjustment method in which the power-type energy storage device is the main and the energy-type energy storage device is the auxiliary during the transient control of the switching process, and the real-time detection of the power-type energy storage device itself relative to the system
- the real-time change rate of the power angle realizes the auxiliary control of the energy storage device and enhances the transient stability of the system.
- ⁇ sc be the real-time power angle between the power-type energy storage device and the microgrid system
- ⁇ li the real-time power angle between the energy-type energy storage device and the microgrid system.
- the output power control of the energy-type energy storage device is also related to the current.
- the ⁇ li control first considers the real-time change rate of the power angle of the power type energy storage device itself relative to the system, namely Positive correlation, followed by ⁇ li control is also related to related, namely negative correlation. Then the power control of the energy storage device can be expressed as follows:
- the power control of the energy-type energy storage device in the system transient process is mainly subject to the power-type energy storage power of the device.
- the specific control process can be shown in Figure 15.
- the state diagram at time t0- is consistent with Figure 10, and the state diagram at time t0 + can be shown in Figure 15.
- the power-type energy storage device performs rapid control according to the micro-grid voltage and frequency shortage after the transient instant off-grid, and the instantaneous power is increased.
- the energy-type energy storage device is no longer in the over-regulated state in Figure 14, and it performs auxiliary stability adjustment according to the power angle change rate of the power-type energy storage device, which appropriately reduces the output power and enhances system stability and inertia.
- the power angle change rate of the power-type energy storage device gradually approaches zero, and the power angle of the energy-type energy storage device is mainly based on the system wind turbine current, photovoltaic power generation current and target The load current is determined. If the generated power is greater than the load power, the power angle of the energy-type energy storage device is less than zero (deduced according to formula (5)). The corresponding control state diagram at this time is shown in Figure 16.
- This disclosure realizes the emergence of power-type energy storage devices (supercapacitor energy storage, flywheel energy storage, etc.) and energy-type energy storage devices (lithium batteries, all-vanadium liquid flow, etc.) with better economic performance in regional power systems
- power-type energy storage devices supercapacitor energy storage, flywheel energy storage, etc.
- energy-type energy storage devices lithium batteries, all-vanadium liquid flow, etc.
- the protection measures for the microgrid to the precision load are proposed.
- the types of faults that the present disclosure can deal with include permanent faults of power systems and common transient faults (fast reclosing) of power systems, including metallic ground faults and non-metallic ground faults.
- the present disclosure does not require additional spinning reserves for critical and delicate loads, helping to reduce carbon emissions.
- This disclosure is based on the fault analysis of the regional power system, and evaluates that under various operating conditions, the precise load end should be equipped with a control method for the microgrid system, including power-type energy storage devices and energy storage devices when the microgrid enters an island operation state after a fault occurs.
- Type energy storage device control is based on the fault analysis of the regional power system, and evaluates that under various operating conditions, the precise load end should be equipped with a control method for the microgrid system, including power-type energy storage devices and energy storage devices when the microgrid enters an island operation state after a fault occurs.
- This disclosure proposes that when a power grid fault occurs, the power-type energy storage device and the energy-type energy storage device work together to provide fault current, and at this stage, the power-type energy storage device plays the main role, and the energy-type energy storage device assists. In this case, it can be quickly adjusted for transient response, instantaneously respond to transient faults, provide transient current and power for the system, ensure the stability of precision loads, and improve productivity and product yield.
- the microgrid needs to enter the island mode operation unplanned. At this time, the energy-type energy storage device is dominant, and the power-type energy storage device needs to assist to solve the transient stability problem caused by the unplanned island operation.
- Fig. 18 shows a structural block diagram of a control device for a microgrid according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the micro grid is connected to a target load, and the energy storage device of the micro grid includes a power type energy storage device and an energy type energy storage device.
- the microgrid control device includes: a state determination unit 10 and an energy storage control unit 20 .
- the state determination unit 10 is configured to determine whether the target load is disconnected from the grid.
- the energy storage control unit 20 is configured to control the output power of the power-type energy storage device and the energy-type energy storage device after the target load is disconnected from the grid, so that the voltage of the microgrid Tracking the rated voltage of the microgrid, and making the frequency of the microgrid track the rated frequency of the microgrid.
- the output power adjustment speed of the power type energy storage device is higher than the output power adjustment speed of the energy type energy storage device.
- the virtual inertia used to control the output power of the power-type energy storage device is greater than the virtual inertia used to control the output power of the energy-type energy storage device, and/or, the control of the power-type energy storage device
- the droop coefficient used for the output power is smaller than the droop coefficient used for controlling the output power of the energy-type energy storage device, so that the adjustment speed of the output power of the power-type energy storage device is higher than that of the energy-type energy storage device output power regulation speed.
- the energy storage control unit 20 may be configured to: after the target load is disconnected from the grid, according to the difference between the voltage of the micro grid and the rated voltage, the frequency of the micro grid The difference between the rated frequency and the rated frequency controls the output power of the power type energy storage device.
- the energy storage control unit 20 may be configured to: control the output power of the energy-type energy storage device according to the output power of the power-type energy storage device after the target load is disconnected from the grid .
- the energy storage control unit 20 may be configured to: after the target load is disconnected from the grid, according to the difference between the three-phase voltage of the power-type energy storage device and the three-phase voltage of the microgrid The real-time rate of change of the power angle, the output current of each power generation device in the microgrid, the output current of the power-type energy storage device, the input current of the target load, and control the three-phase power of the energy-type energy storage device The power angle between the voltage and the three-phase voltage of the microgrid.
- the power angle between the three-phase voltage of the energy-type energy storage device and the three-phase voltage of the microgrid may be positively correlated with the real-time rate of change; and/or, the power angle of the energy-type energy storage device
- the power angle and current difference between the three-phase voltage and the three-phase voltage of the microgrid may be negatively correlated, wherein the current difference is: the output current value of the power type energy storage device minus the The output current value of each power generation device and the value after the input current value of the target load.
- the energy storage control unit 20 may also be configured to: when a short-circuit fault occurs in the grid and the target load is not disconnected from the grid, control the power-type energy storage device and the energy-storage The energy device provides a short-circuit current for the fault point of the grid to avoid disconnection of the circuit breaker between the target load and the grid; wherein, when the circuit breaker is disconnected, the target load is disconnected from the grid Open the connection.
- control device may further include: a power generation device control unit (not shown), and the power generation device control unit is configured to: and frequency dynamic oscillation, cut off at least one generating device from the microgrid; and/or, after the target load is disconnected from the grid, when the total output power of each generating device in the microgrid When it is greater than the sum of the absorbed power of the power-type energy storage device, the energy-type energy storage device, and the target load, at least one power generation device is cut off from the microgrid; and/or, from the microgrid Remove the failed generator.
- a power generation device control unit is configured to: and frequency dynamic oscillation, cut off at least one generating device from the microgrid; and/or, after the target load is disconnected from the grid, when the total output power of each generating device in the microgrid When it is greater than the sum of the absorbed power of the power-type energy storage device, the energy-type energy storage device, and the target load, at least one power generation device is cut off from the microgrid; and/or
- each unit in the microgrid control device may be implemented as hardware components and/or software components.
- Those skilled in the art may implement each unit, for example, by using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) according to the defined processing performed by each unit.
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
- Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program.
- the processor is prompted to execute the microgrid as described in the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments.
- Control Method The computer readable storage medium is any data storage device that can store data that is read by a computer system. Examples of computer-readable storage media include: read-only memory, random-access memory, optical disks, magnetic tapes, floppy disks, optical data storage devices, and carrier waves (such as data transmission over the Internet via wired or wireless transmission paths).
- a control device for a microgrid includes: a processor (not shown) and a memory (not shown), wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, Prompting the processor to execute the microgrid control method described in the above exemplary embodiments.
- the electronic device may be a controller of a wind power plant or a converter (eg a controller of a converter).
- FIG. 19 shows a block topology diagram of a district power system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the regional power system of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a microgrid and a control device for the microgrid as described in the above exemplary embodiments, the microgrid is connected to the target load, and the energy storage device for the microgrid Including power type energy storage device and energy type energy storage device.
- the control device of the micro-grid is used to determine whether the target load is disconnected from the grid, and after the target load is disconnected from the grid, control the output power of the power-type energy storage device and the energy-type energy storage device so that the voltage of the micro-grid Track the nominal voltage of the microgrid and make the frequency of the microgrid track the nominal frequency of the microgrid.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (13)
- 一种微电网的控制方法,其中,所述微电网连接到目标负荷,所述微电网的储能装置包括功率型储能装置和能量型储能装置,其中,所述控制方法包括:确定所述目标负荷是否与电网断开连接;在所述目标负荷与所述电网断开连接之后,控制所述功率型储能装置和所述能量型储能装置的输出功率,以使所述微电网的电压跟踪所述微电网的额定电压,并使所述微电网的频率跟踪所述微电网的额定频率。
- 根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其中,对所述功率型储能装置的输出功率调节速度高于对所述能量型储能装置的输出功率调节速度。
- 根据权利要求2所述的控制方法,其中,控制所述功率型储能装置的输出功率所使用的虚拟惯量大于控制所述能量型储能装置的输出功率所使用的虚拟惯量,和/或,控制所述功率型储能装置的输出功率所使用的下垂系数小于控制所述能量型储能装置的输出功率所使用的下垂系数,以使对所述功率型储能装置的输出功率调节速度高于对所述能量型储能装置的输出功率调节速度。
- 根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其中,在所述目标负荷与所述电网断开连接之后,控制所述功率型储能装置的输出功率的步骤包括:在所述目标负荷与所述电网断开连接之后,根据所述微电网的电压与所述额定电压之间的差别、所述微电网的频率与所述额定频率之间的差别,控制所述功率型储能装置的输出功率。
- 根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其中,在所述目标负荷与所述电网断开连接之后,控制所述能量型储能装置的输出功率的步骤包括:在所述目标负荷与所述电网断开连接之后,根据所述功率型储能装置的输出功率,控制所述能量型储能装置的输出功率。
- 根据权利要求5所述的控制方法,其中,根据所述功率型储能装置的输出功率,控制所述能量型储能装置的输出功率的步骤包括:根据所述功率型储能装置的三相电压与所述微电网的三相电压之间的功率角的实时变化率、所述微电网中各个发电装置的输出电流、所述功率型储能装置的输出电流、所述目标负荷的输入电流,控制所述能量型储能装置的 三相电压与所述微电网的三相电压之间的功率角。
- 根据权利要求6所述的控制方法,其中,所述能量型储能装置的三相电压与所述微电网的三相电压之间的功率角与所述实时变化率呈正相关;和/或,所述能量型储能装置的三相电压与所述微电网的三相电压之间的功率角与电流差值呈负相关,其中,所述电流差值为:所述功率型储能装置的输出电流值减去所述各个发电装置的输出电流值和所述目标负荷的输入电流值之后的值。
- 根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其中,所述控制方法还包括:当所述电网发生短路故障且所述目标负荷与所述电网未断开连接时,控制所述功率型储能装置和所述能量型储能装置为所述电网的故障点提供短路电流以避免所述目标负荷与所述电网之间的断路器断开;其中,当所述断路器断开时,所述目标负荷与所述电网断开连接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其中,所述控制方法还包括:当所述目标负荷与所述电网断开连接且所述微电网出现电压动态震荡和频率动态震荡时,从所述微电网中切除至少一个发电装置;和/或,在所述目标负荷与所述电网断开连接之后,当所述微电网中的各个发电装置的总输出功率大于所述功率型储能装置、所述能量型储能装置、所述目标负荷的吸收功率之和时,从所述微电网中切除至少一个发电装置;和/或,从所述微电网中切除出现故障的发电装置。
- 一种微电网的控制装置,其中,所述微电网连接到目标负荷,所述微电网的储能装置包括功率型储能装置和能量型储能装置,其中,所述控制装置包括:状态确定单元,被配置为确定所述目标负荷与电网是否断开连接;储能控制单元,被配置为在所述目标负荷与所述电网断开连接之后,控制所述功率型储能装置和所述能量型储能装置的输出功率,以使所述微电网的电压跟踪所述微电网的额定电压,并使所述微电网的频率跟踪所述微电网的额定频率。
- 一种存储有计算机程序的计算机可读存储介质,其中,当所述计算机程序被处理器执行时,促使所述处理器执行如权利要求1至9中的任意一项所述的微电网的控制方法。
- 一种微电网的控制装置,其中,所述控制装置包括:处理器;存储器,存储有计算机程序,当所述计算机程序被处理器执行时,促使所述处理器执行如权利要求1至9中的任意一项所述的微电网的控制方法。
- 一种区域电力***,其中,包括:微电网及如权利要求10或12所述的微电网的控制装置,所述微电网连接到目标负荷,所述微电网的储能装置包括功率型储能装置和能量型储能装置;所述控制装置用于确定所述目标负荷是否与电网断开连接,并在所述目标负荷与所述电网断开连接之后,控制所述功率型储能装置和所述能量型储能装置的输出功率,以使所述微电网的电压跟踪所述微电网的额定电压,并使所述微电网的频率跟踪所述微电网的额定频率。
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