WO2023119932A1 - Airbag device for pedestrian protection - Google Patents

Airbag device for pedestrian protection Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023119932A1
WO2023119932A1 PCT/JP2022/041917 JP2022041917W WO2023119932A1 WO 2023119932 A1 WO2023119932 A1 WO 2023119932A1 JP 2022041917 W JP2022041917 W JP 2022041917W WO 2023119932 A1 WO2023119932 A1 WO 2023119932A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tethers
pair
pedestrian protection
main
vehicle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2022/041917
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
翔 村上
豊 中島
優 土生
崇也 室屋
貴之 清水
由美 志賀
圭希 伊藤
敦 中島
良太 石垣
Original Assignee
オートリブ ディベロップメント エービー
翔 村上
豊 中島
優 土生
崇也 室屋
貴之 清水
由美 志賀
圭希 伊藤
敦 中島
良太 石垣
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by オートリブ ディベロップメント エービー, 翔 村上, 豊 中島, 優 土生, 崇也 室屋, 貴之 清水, 由美 志賀, 圭希 伊藤, 敦 中島, 良太 石垣 filed Critical オートリブ ディベロップメント エービー
Priority to JP2023569152A priority Critical patent/JPWO2023119932A1/ja
Publication of WO2023119932A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023119932A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/23—Inflatable members
    • B60R21/231—Inflatable members characterised by their shape, construction or spatial configuration
    • B60R21/2334—Expansion control features
    • B60R21/2338—Tethers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/34—Protecting non-occupants of a vehicle, e.g. pedestrians
    • B60R21/36—Protecting non-occupants of a vehicle, e.g. pedestrians using airbags

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pedestrian protection airbag device having an airbag cushion that inflates and deploys from below the front hood of a vehicle toward the windshield.
  • a pedestrian protection airbag device that protects pedestrians outside the vehicle has been developed as an airbag device that is different from the one that restrains the occupants inside the vehicle.
  • the airbag cushions are placed in areas where the pedestrian's body may come into contact, such as the windshield. It is configured to inflate and deploy.
  • the airbag 5 includes a cowl covering portion 5a that expands in the vehicle width direction and a pillar covering portion 5b that expands in the longitudinal direction along the A pillar 17. It is configured to have
  • Patent Document 1 a first tether 14 and a second tether 20 are provided at the front end portion and intermediate portion of the pillar covering portion 5b in order to suppress the swinging of the pillar covering portion 5b.
  • the technique of Patent Literature 1 also leaves room for suppressing the swinging of the airbag cushion more simply and efficiently.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a pedestrian protection airbag device capable of efficiently protecting pedestrians with a simple configuration.
  • a typical configuration of the pedestrian protection airbag device includes an airbag cushion that inflates and deploys from below the front hood of a vehicle toward the windshield, and an airbag cushion.
  • the airbag cushion is a main inflation covering at least the lower portion of the windshield over a pair of A-pillars of the vehicle from one to the other.
  • a pair of protruding expansion portions that protrude upward from the main expansion portion along each of the pair of A pillars and cover the A pillars; and the pair of tethers has a crossing portion where the tethers cross and overlap each other when the airbag cushion is inflated and deployed.
  • the tether pulls the upper end of the protruding inflatable portion toward the main inflatable portion, suppressing the swinging of the protruding inflatable portion during inflation and deployment, covering the protected area of the vehicle more quickly, and restraining pedestrians. Even at times, it is possible to suppress the movement of the protruding inflatable portion and appropriately restrain the pedestrian.
  • the protruding expansion part can preferably protect the pedestrian from contact with the highly rigid A-pillar. Therefore, according to the above configuration, it is possible to realize a pedestrian protection airbag device capable of efficiently protecting a pedestrian with a simple configuration.
  • the pair of tethers has an intersection, that is, the pair of tethers are stretched diagonally so that they intersect with each other, so that the upper end side of the protruding expansion portion is pulled inward in the vehicle width direction by the tether. be done.
  • the projecting expanded portion is prevented from moving outward in the vehicle width direction with respect to the A-pillar, and the A-pillar can be preferably covered.
  • intersection portion may be formed at a position exposed from the main inflation portion and the pair of projecting inflation portions when the inflated and deployed airbag cushion is viewed from the front of the vehicle.
  • a pair of tethers are stretched obliquely so as to intersect with each other, so that the upper end side of the projecting expansion portion can be pulled inward in the vehicle width direction by the tethers.
  • intersection portion may be formed between the main inflation portion and the windshield when the inflated and deployed airbag cushion is viewed from the front of the vehicle.
  • a pair of tethers are stretched obliquely so as to intersect with each other, so that the upper end side of the projecting expansion portion can be pulled inward in the vehicle width direction by the tethers.
  • the intersection may be formed near the center in the vehicle width direction.
  • the left and right projecting inflation portions are evenly pulled inward in the vehicle width direction, so that the airbag cushion can be inflated and deployed with a stable behavior that suppresses bias.
  • each of the pair of tethers may be connected to the edge of the main inflation portion on the front side of the vehicle. According to the tether having this configuration, it becomes possible to pull the protruding inflatable portion toward the main inflatable portion.
  • a pair of the one or more inflators are provided in the left and right ranges bounded by the center in the vehicle width direction of the main inflatable portion, and the front end of each of the pair of tethers is different from the projecting inflatable portion to which the tether is connected. It may be connected to an inflator provided on the opposite side.
  • each of the pair of tethers may be connected to the range on the opposite side of the protruding expansion section to which the tether is connected, in the left and right ranges bounded by the center of the main expansion section in the vehicle width direction. .
  • the upper end of the protruding expansion part is pulled inward in the vehicle width direction by the tether, so that it can be prevented from moving outward in the vehicle width direction with respect to the A pillar, and can preferably cover the A pillar.
  • a pair of the one or more inflators are provided in the left and right ranges bounded by the center in the vehicle width direction of the front edge of the main inflatable portion, and the front ends of the pair of tethers are located at the front edge of the main inflatable portion. It may be connected to a portion other than the inflator in the range on the left-right opposite side of the projecting expansion portion to which the tether is connected.
  • the projecting expansion portion can be pulled toward the main expansion portion and inward in the vehicle width direction, and the A-pillar can be preferably covered by the projecting expansion portion.
  • each of the pair of tethers may be connected to a point on the vehicle width direction inner side of the upper end side of the projecting expansion portion.
  • the protruding inflatable portion can be efficiently pulled inward in the vehicle width direction by the tether.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the airbag cushion of FIG. 2 taken along line AA.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a first modified example of the tether of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a second modified example of the tether of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an outline of a pedestrian protection airbag device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1(a) is a diagram illustrating the vehicle before the pedestrian protection airbag device 100 is activated
  • FIG. 1(b) is a diagram illustrating the vehicle when the pedestrian protection airbag device 100 is activated. be.
  • arrows F (Forward) and B (Back) indicate the longitudinal direction of the vehicle
  • arrows L (Left) and R (Right) indicate the lateral direction of the vehicle
  • arrows indicate the vertical direction of the vehicle. Examples are U(up) and D(down).
  • Objects to be protected by the pedestrian protection airbag device 100 include not only pedestrians who move on foot, but also drivers who can travel on roads and drivers of mechanical vehicles in which the occupants are not surrounded by the vehicle body. ing. Examples of these mechanical vehicles include bicycles, motorcycles, and kickboards. Therefore, "pedestrians" in the following explanation include people who are walking, people who are driving bicycles or motorcycles, people who are towing them, kickboards and similar vehicles and playground equipment. It includes people who are
  • the pedestrian protection airbag device 100 is installed under the front hood 104 of the vehicle 102 .
  • the pedestrian protection airbag device 100 includes a sensor (not shown) at a location, such as the inside near the front bumper 106, which is likely to come into contact with the legs of the pedestrian.
  • a sensor not shown
  • an operation signal is sent to the inflators 112a and 112b (see FIG. 2), which are gas generators, via the control unit or the like, and the airbag cushion 114 is activated as shown in FIG. 1(b). is inflated and deployed from below the front hood 104 toward the windshield 108 .
  • the pedestrian protection airbag device 100 includes a housing 116 that accommodates an airbag cushion 114 .
  • the housing 116 is a long box-shaped container made mainly of resin, and houses the airbag cushion 114 (see FIG. 2), the inflators 112a and 112b, and the like.
  • the housing 116 is attached to the lower surface of the front hood 104 via a dedicated bracket or the like with its longitudinal direction directed in the vehicle width direction.
  • the airbag cushion 114 in this embodiment inflates and deploys along the windshield 108 and catches a pedestrian who tries to come into contact with the windshield 108.
  • the airbag cushion 114 can also adopt a configuration that lifts the front hood 104 to float it. This action has the effect of softening the impact on the pedestrian who comes into contact with the front hood 104 .
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the pedestrian protection airbag device 100 of FIG. 1(b) from above.
  • the airbag cushion 114 is bag-shaped, and is formed by stacking and sewing or adhering a plurality of base fabrics constituting the surface thereof, or by spinning or weaving using OPW (One-Piece Woven).
  • OPW One-Piece Woven
  • the inflators 112a and 112b are arranged on the front end side of the airbag cushion 114 and on the left and right sides of the front edge of the main inflatable portion 118, which will be described later, so as to extend in the vehicle width direction.
  • two inflators 112a and 112b are installed so as to supply gas to the airbag cushion 114 evenly on the left and right sides, but it is also possible to install only one inflator if the output is large. be.
  • the inflators 112a, 112b are fixed inside the housing 116 (see FIG. 1(b)) using stud bolts (not shown), and are actuated by an impact detection signal sent from a predetermined sensor. , supplies gas to the airbag cushion 114 .
  • the airbag cushion 114 begins to be inflated by the gas from the inflators 112a and 112b, and is inflated and deployed toward the windshield 108 by, for example, opening the housing 116 by the inflation pressure.
  • the inflators 112a and 112b are of cylinder type (cylindrical type) in this embodiment.
  • the inflators that are currently in widespread use include a type that is filled with a gas generating agent and burns it to generate gas, a type that is filled with compressed gas and supplies gas without generating heat, or a type that is filled with a combustible type.
  • the expansion region of the airbag cushion 114 into which gas flows and expands is largely divided into a main expansion portion 118 and a pair of projecting expansion portions 120a and 120b.
  • the main inflatable portion 118 receives gas from the inflators 112a and 112b and inflates and deploys the lower portion of the windshield 108 from the left A-pillar 110a to the right A-pillar 110b in the vehicle width direction to cover the walking body. widely accepted.
  • the main expansion area 118 may be configured to lift the vicinity of the rear end of the front hood 104 from below, or may be configured to overlap the upper side of the vicinity of the rear end of the front hood 104 and inflate and deploy.
  • the front hood 104 can be floated to soften the impact given to a pedestrian when the front hood 104 comes into contact.
  • a pair of protruding expansion portions 120a and 120b are provided on both end sides of the main expansion portion 118 in the vehicle width direction so as to protrude upward along the A-pillars 110a and 110b, respectively.
  • the projecting inflatable portions 120a and 120b receive gas from the main inflatable portion 118, they inflate and deploy to cover the A-pillars 110a and 110b, respectively, to prevent the head of a pedestrian from contacting the highly rigid A-pillars 110a and 110b. prevent.
  • a pair of tethers 122a and 122b are stretched between the projecting expansion portions 120a and 120b and the main expansion portion 118.
  • the tethers 122a and 122b can pull the protruding inflatable portions 120a and 120b toward the main inflatable portion 118 when the airbag cushion 114 is inflated and deployed, thereby suppressing rocking.
  • the tethers 122a and 122b have their upper ends connected to the inner connection portions P1 and P2 in the vicinity of the upper ends 124a and 124b of the projecting expansion portions 120a and 120b, respectively, and their front ends connected to the connection portion P3 on the front end 126 side of the main expansion portion 118. , P4. Therefore, the tethers 122a and 122b can efficiently pull the projecting expansion portions 120a and 120b toward the vehicle front side and vehicle width direction inside.
  • the connection of the tether 122a and the like to the projecting expansion portion 120a and the like can be performed by sewing.
  • the tethers 122a and 122b pull the vicinity of the upper ends 124a and 124b of the protruding inflatable portion 120a toward the main inflatable portion 118, thereby suppressing the rocking motion of the protruding inflatable portions 120a and 120n when inflating and deploying the vehicle.
  • the protection area can be covered earlier, and the movement of the protruding expansion portions 120a and 120b can be suppressed even when the pedestrian is restrained, so that the pedestrian can be suitably restrained.
  • the front ends of the tethers 122a and 122b are the left and right ranges E1 and E2 bounded by the center C1 in the vehicle width direction of the front edge of the main expansion portion 118, and the upper ends of the tethers 122a and 122b are connected. 120a and 120b are connected to the range on the left-right opposite side. In particular, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the front ends of the tethers 122a and 122b are connected to portions of the front edge of the main inflatable portion 118 other than the inflators 112a and 112b.
  • the tether 122a has an upper end connected to the projecting inflation portion 120a at a connection portion P1 in an area E1, and a front end connected to the main inflation portion 118 at a connection portion P3 in an area E2.
  • the tether 122b has an upper end connected to the protruding inflation portion 120b in an area E2 at a connection portion P2, and a front end connected to the main inflation portion 118 in an area E1 at a connection portion P4.
  • the front ends of the tethers 122a, 122b can be connected to the edges of the main inflatable portion on the front side of the vehicle.
  • the front end of tether 122a can be connected to the extent of edges F3, F4 of main bulge 118 within extent E2.
  • the front end of the tether 122b can be connected to the extent of the edges F1, F2 of the main inflatable portion 118 within the extent E1.
  • the tethers 122a and 122b pull the upper ends 124a and 124b of the projecting expansion portions 120a and 120b inward in the vehicle width direction. Therefore, the protruding expansion portions 120a and 120b are prevented from moving outward in the vehicle width direction from the A pillars 110a and 110b, and the A pillars 110a and 110b can be preferably covered by the protruding expansion portions 120a and 120b.
  • the tethers 122a and 122b have a symmetrical configuration and intersect at the center C1 in the vehicle width direction. With this configuration, the left and right projecting expansion portions 120a and 120b are evenly pulled inward in the vehicle width direction. As a result, the airbag cushion 114 can be inflated and deployed with a stable behavior that suppresses bias.
  • An intersection portion 130 is formed at the location where the tethers 122a and 122b intersect.
  • the crossing portion 130 is formed by directly overlapping the tethers 122a and 122b near the center in the vehicle width direction.
  • the intersection portion 130 is formed between the main inflation portion 118 and the windshield 108 when the inflated and deployed airbag cushion 114 is viewed from the front of the vehicle.
  • the tethers 122a and 122b are stretched so as to form a crossing portion 130 at the center in the vehicle width direction on the windshield 108 side, so that the protruding expansion portions 120a and 120b are pulled evenly inward in the vehicle width direction and toward the windshield 108 side. It is possible to inflate and deploy the projecting inflation portions 120a and 120b with stable behavior that suppresses bias and spread.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the airbag cushion 114 of FIG. 2 taken along line AA.
  • the tethers 122a, 122b pass through the vehicle side, that is, the lower side of the main inflatable portion 118 and span between the front end 126 of the main inflatable portion 118 and the projecting inflatable portions 120a, 120b. This configuration also allows the tethers 122a, 122b to support the vehicle side of the main inflatable portion 118 using tension.
  • the airbag cushion 114 can be provided with loops through which the tethers 122a and 122b are passed, for example, on the vehicle side of the main inflatable portion 118. By passing the tethers 122a and 122b through the loops, movement of the tethers 122a and 122b can be suppressed when the airbag cushion 114 is inflated and deployed.
  • the pedestrian protection airbag device 100 utilizes the projecting inflatable portions 120a and 120b to protect the pedestrian from contact with the highly rigid A-pillars 110a and 110b (see FIG. 1(b)). It can be suitably protected.
  • the tethers 122a and 122b even if the protruding expansion portions 120a and 120b whose upper ends 124a and 124b are free ends, the A pillars 110a and 110b do not come off from the A pillars 110a and 110b. can be inflated and deployed to cover the As described above, according to the pedestrian protection airbag device 100, it is possible to efficiently protect pedestrians with a simple configuration.
  • the pair of tethers 122a and 122b are crossed and stretched obliquely so as to form an intersection 130 at the center in the vehicle width direction, so that the upper end sides of the projecting expanded portions 120a and 120b are directed inward in the vehicle width direction. Efficient pulling is possible. This also prevents the protruding inflation portions 120a and 120b from moving outward in the vehicle width direction with respect to the A-pillars 110a and 110b in the pedestrian protection airbag device 100, and preferably covers the A-pillars 110a and 110b. is possible.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a first modification (tethers 200a and 200b) of the tethers 122a and 122b of FIG.
  • the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those already described, and thus the description of the already described components will be omitted. Further, in the following description, even if the same names as the components already described are given different reference numerals, they have the same functions unless otherwise specified.
  • the tethers 200a and 200b are stretched between the connection portions P1 and P2 on the vehicle width direction inside of the upper ends 124a and 124b of the projecting expansion portions 120a and 120b and the connection portions P5 and P6 on the rear end 128 side of the main expansion portion 118. ing.
  • An intersection portion 202 is formed at the location where the tethers 200a and 200b intersect.
  • the crossing portion 202 is formed by directly overlapping the tethers 200a and 200b at the center in the vehicle width direction.
  • the intersection portion 202 is formed at a position exposed from the main inflation portion 118 and the projecting inflation portions 120a and 120b when the inflated and deployed airbag cushion 114 is viewed from the front of the vehicle.
  • the tethers 200a and 200b are also stretched diagonally so as to form an intersection 202 at the center in the vehicle width direction, so that the upper end sides of the protruding expanded portions 120a and 120b are directed toward the vehicle front side and the vehicle width direction inner side. It is possible to efficiently pull and inflate and deploy the projecting inflation portions 120a and 120b with stable behavior that suppresses bias and spread. In particular, with this configuration, the overall length of the tethers 200a and 200b can be kept short, and the tension in the tethers 200a and 200b can be generated at an early point.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a second modified example (tethers 220a and 220b) of the tethers 122a and 122b in FIG.
  • the front ends of tethers 220a, 220b are connected to inflators 112a, 112b.
  • a pair of inflators 112a and 112b are provided symmetrically in left and right ranges E1 and E2 bounded by the center of the main inflatable portion 118 in the vehicle width direction.
  • the front ends of the tethers 220a and 220b are connected to inflators 112a and 112b provided in a range on the opposite side of the projecting expansion portions 120a and 120b to which the upper ends of the tethers 220a and 220b are connected.
  • the front end of the tether 220a is connected to the inflator 112b in the range E2.
  • the front end of the tether 220b is connected to the inflator 112a in the range E1.
  • the front ends of these tethers 220a and 220b can be connected to places where the gas does not directly hit and the temperature does not rise, such as around brackets supporting the inflators 112a and 112b or around stud bolts.
  • the tethers 220a and 220b are also stretched diagonally so as to form a crossing portion 222 in the center in the vehicle width direction, so that the upper ends of the protruding expansion portions 120a and 120b are positioned toward the main expansion portion 118 in front of the vehicle.
  • the present invention can be used in a pedestrian protection airbag device having an airbag cushion that inflates and deploys from below the front hood of a vehicle toward the windshield.
  • Airbag apparatus for pedestrian protection 102... Vehicle 104... Front hood 106... Front bumper 108... Wind shield 110a, 110b... A-pillar 112a, 112b... Inflator 114... Airbag cushion 116... housing 118 main expansion portion 120a, 120b protruding expansion portion 122a, 122b tether 124a, 124b upper end 126 front end 128 rear end 130 intersection portion 200a, 200b tether 202 intersections 220a, 220b tethers 222 intersections C1 center E1, E2 ranges F1 to F4 edges P1 to P6 connections

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

[Problem] To provide an airbag device for pedestrian protection capable of efficiently protecting pedestrians with a simple configuration. [Solution] An airbag device 100 for pedestrian protection comprises: an airbag cushion 114 that is deployed by being inflated from below a front hood 104 toward a windshield 108; and inflators 112a, 112b that supply a gas to the airbag cushion 114. The airbag cushion 114 includes: a main inflation part 118 covering a lower section of the windshield 108; a pair of protruding inflation parts 120a, 120b that protrude upward from the main inflation part 118 and along A-pillars 110a, 110b, respectively; and a pair of tethers 122a, 122b bridging between the main inflation part 118 and respective upper ends 124a, 124b of the protruding inflation parts 120a, 120b. The tethers 122a, 122b have an intersecting section 130 at which the tethers intersect and overlap each other when the airbag cushion 114 is deployed by being inflated.

Description

歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置Pedestrian protection airbag device
　本発明は、車両のフロントフードの下方からウインドシールドに向かって膨張展開するエアバッグクッションを備えた歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a pedestrian protection airbag device having an airbag cushion that inflates and deploys from below the front hood of a vehicle toward the windshield.
　近年、車内の乗員を拘束するものとは異なるエアバッグ装置として、車外の歩行者を保護する歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置が開発されている。主な歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置は、車両の前部等に設けたセンサが歩行者との接触を検知すると、ウインドシールド等の歩行者の身体が接触するおそれのある部位にエアバッグクッションが膨張展開する構成となっている。 In recent years, a pedestrian protection airbag device that protects pedestrians outside the vehicle has been developed as an airbag device that is different from the one that restrains the occupants inside the vehicle. In the main pedestrian protection airbag system, when a sensor installed in the front of the vehicle detects contact with a pedestrian, the airbag cushions are placed in areas where the pedestrian's body may come into contact, such as the windshield. It is configured to inflate and deploy.
　歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置は、車両のうち歩行者が接触する可能性のある範囲を保護エリアとして迅速に覆う必要がある。例えば、特許文献１の歩行者用エアバッグ装置では、エアバッグ５が、車幅方向に展開するカウル覆装部５ａと、Ａピラー１７に沿って前後方向に展開するピラー覆装部５ｂとを有する構成となっている。 　Pedestrian protection airbag devices must quickly cover the area of the vehicle where pedestrians are likely to come into contact as a protective area. For example, in the pedestrian airbag device of Patent Document 1, the airbag 5 includes a cowl covering portion 5a that expands in the vehicle width direction and a pillar covering portion 5b that expands in the longitudinal direction along the A pillar 17. It is configured to have
特開２０１６－１９０５４２号公報JP 2016-190542 A
　特許文献１では、ピラー覆装部５ｂの揺動を抑えるために、ピラー覆装部５ｂの前端部と中間部とに第１テザー１４および第２テザー２０を設けている。しかしながら、特許文献１の技術は、より簡潔かつ効率よくエアバッグクッションの揺動を抑えるための余地も残している。 In Patent Document 1, a first tether 14 and a second tether 20 are provided at the front end portion and intermediate portion of the pillar covering portion 5b in order to suppress the swinging of the pillar covering portion 5b. However, the technique of Patent Literature 1 also leaves room for suppressing the swinging of the airbag cushion more simply and efficiently.
　本発明は、このような課題に鑑み、簡潔な構成で歩行者を効率よく保護可能な歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置を提供することを目的としている。 An object of the present invention is to provide a pedestrian protection airbag device capable of efficiently protecting pedestrians with a simple configuration.
　上記課題を解決するために、本発明にかかる歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置の代表的な構成は、車両のフロントフードの下方からウインドシールドに向かって膨張展開するエアバッグクッションと、エアバッグクッションにガスを供給する１または複数のインフレータとを備えた歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置において、エアバッグクッションは、車両における一対のＡピラーの一方から他方にまでわたって少なくともウインドシールドの下部を覆う主膨張部と、主膨張部から一対のＡピラーそれぞれに沿って上方に突出してＡピラーを覆う一対の突出膨張部と、突出膨張部それぞれの上端近傍と主膨張部とにかけ渡される一対のテザーと、を有し、一対のテザーは、エアバッグクッションが膨張展開したときに該テザー同士が交差して重なり合う交差部を有することを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a typical configuration of the pedestrian protection airbag device according to the present invention includes an airbag cushion that inflates and deploys from below the front hood of a vehicle toward the windshield, and an airbag cushion. In a pedestrian protection airbag system with one or more gas-supplying inflators, the airbag cushion is a main inflation covering at least the lower portion of the windshield over a pair of A-pillars of the vehicle from one to the other. a pair of protruding expansion portions that protrude upward from the main expansion portion along each of the pair of A pillars and cover the A pillars; and the pair of tethers has a crossing portion where the tethers cross and overlap each other when the airbag cushion is inflated and deployed.
　上記構成によれば、テザーが突出膨張部の上端を主膨張部側に引っ張ることで、膨張展開時の突出膨張部の揺動を抑えて車両の保護エリアをより早期に覆うと共に、歩行者拘束時においても突出膨張部の動きを抑えて歩行者を好適に拘束することができる。特に、突出膨張部は、歩行者を剛性の高いＡピラーへの接触から好適に保護することができる。したがって、上記構成によれば、簡潔な構成で歩行者を効率よく保護可能な歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置を実現することが可能になる。 According to the above configuration, the tether pulls the upper end of the protruding inflatable portion toward the main inflatable portion, suppressing the swinging of the protruding inflatable portion during inflation and deployment, covering the protected area of the vehicle more quickly, and restraining pedestrians. Even at times, it is possible to suppress the movement of the protruding inflatable portion and appropriately restrain the pedestrian. In particular, the protruding expansion part can preferably protect the pedestrian from contact with the highly rigid A-pillar. Therefore, according to the above configuration, it is possible to realize a pedestrian protection airbag device capable of efficiently protecting a pedestrian with a simple configuration.
　また、上記構成では、一対のテザーに交差部が形成されること、すなわち一対のテザーが互いに交差するよう斜めに張られていることで、突出膨張部の上端側がテザーによって車幅方向内側に引っ張られる。これによって、突出膨張部がＡピラーに対して車幅方向外側に移動することを防ぎ、Ａピラーを好適に覆うことが可能になる。 In addition, in the above configuration, the pair of tethers has an intersection, that is, the pair of tethers are stretched diagonally so that they intersect with each other, so that the upper end side of the protruding expansion portion is pulled inward in the vehicle width direction by the tether. be done. As a result, the projecting expanded portion is prevented from moving outward in the vehicle width direction with respect to the A-pillar, and the A-pillar can be preferably covered.
　上記の交差部は、膨張展開したエアバッグクッションを車両前方から見たとき、主膨張部および一対の突出膨張部から露出した位置に形成されてもよい。 The intersection portion may be formed at a position exposed from the main inflation portion and the pair of projecting inflation portions when the inflated and deployed airbag cushion is viewed from the front of the vehicle.
　上記構成によっても、一対のテザーが互いに交差するよう斜めに張り、これによって突出膨張部の上端側をテザーによって車幅方向内側に引っ張ることが可能になる。 Also with the above configuration, a pair of tethers are stretched obliquely so as to intersect with each other, so that the upper end side of the projecting expansion portion can be pulled inward in the vehicle width direction by the tethers.
　上記の交差部は、膨張展開したエアバッグクッションを車両前方から見たとき、主膨張部とウインドシールドとの間に形成されてもよい。 The intersection portion may be formed between the main inflation portion and the windshield when the inflated and deployed airbag cushion is viewed from the front of the vehicle.
　上記構成によっても、一対のテザーが互いに交差するよう斜めに張り、これによって突出膨張部の上端側をテザーによって車幅方向内側に引っ張ることが可能になる。 Also with the above configuration, a pair of tethers are stretched obliquely so as to intersect with each other, so that the upper end side of the projecting expansion portion can be pulled inward in the vehicle width direction by the tethers.
　上記の交差部は、車幅方向の中央の近傍に形成されてもよい。この構成によって、左右の突出膨張部がそれぞれ車幅方向内側に均等に引っ張られるため、エアバッグクッションは偏りを抑えた安定した挙動で膨張展開することが可能になる。 The intersection may be formed near the center in the vehicle width direction. With this configuration, the left and right projecting inflation portions are evenly pulled inward in the vehicle width direction, so that the airbag cushion can be inflated and deployed with a stable behavior that suppresses bias.
　上記の一対のテザーそれぞれの前端は、主膨張部の車両前側の縁部に接続されてもよい。この構成のテザーによれば、突出膨張部を主膨張部側に引っ張ることが可能になる。 The front end of each of the pair of tethers may be connected to the edge of the main inflation portion on the front side of the vehicle. According to the tether having this configuration, it becomes possible to pull the protruding inflatable portion toward the main inflatable portion.
　上記の１または複数のインフレータは、主膨張部のうち車幅方向の中央を境界にした左右の範囲に一対設けられ、一対のテザーそれぞれの前端は、テザーが接続されている突出膨張部とは反対側の範囲に設けられたインフレータに接続されてもよい。 A pair of the one or more inflators are provided in the left and right ranges bounded by the center in the vehicle width direction of the main inflatable portion, and the front end of each of the pair of tethers is different from the projecting inflatable portion to which the tether is connected. It may be connected to an inflator provided on the opposite side.
　上記構成のテザーによっても、突出膨張部を主膨張部側に引っ張ることが可能になる。 With the tether having the above configuration, it is also possible to pull the protruding inflatable portion toward the main inflatable portion.
　上記の一対のテザーそれぞれの前端は、主膨張部の車幅方向の中央を境界にした左右の範囲のうち、テザーが接続されている突出膨張部とは反対側の範囲に接続されてもよい。 The front end of each of the pair of tethers may be connected to the range on the opposite side of the protruding expansion section to which the tether is connected, in the left and right ranges bounded by the center of the main expansion section in the vehicle width direction. .
　上記構成によれば、突出膨張部は、上端側がテザーによって車幅方向内側に引っ張られるため、Ａピラーに対して車幅方向外側に移動することを防ぎ、Ａピラーを好適に覆うことができる。 According to the above configuration, the upper end of the protruding expansion part is pulled inward in the vehicle width direction by the tether, so that it can be prevented from moving outward in the vehicle width direction with respect to the A pillar, and can preferably cover the A pillar.
　上記の１または複数のインフレータは、主膨張部の前縁のうち車幅方向の中央を境界にした左右の範囲に一対設けられ、一対のテザーそれぞれの前端は、主膨張部の前縁のうちテザーが接続されている突出膨張部とは左右反対側の範囲であってインフレータ以外の部分に接続されてもよい。 A pair of the one or more inflators are provided in the left and right ranges bounded by the center in the vehicle width direction of the front edge of the main inflatable portion, and the front ends of the pair of tethers are located at the front edge of the main inflatable portion. It may be connected to a portion other than the inflator in the range on the left-right opposite side of the projecting expansion portion to which the tether is connected.
　上記構成のテザーによっても、突出膨張部を主膨張部側かつ車幅方向内側に引っ張り、Ａピラーを突出膨張部によって好適に覆うことができる。 Even with the tether having the above configuration, the projecting expansion portion can be pulled toward the main expansion portion and inward in the vehicle width direction, and the A-pillar can be preferably covered by the projecting expansion portion.
　上記の一対のテザーそれぞれの上端は、突出膨張部の上端側の車幅方向内側の箇所に接続されていてもよい。 The upper end of each of the pair of tethers may be connected to a point on the vehicle width direction inner side of the upper end side of the projecting expansion portion.
　上記構成によれば、突出膨張部を、テザーによって車幅方向内側に効率よく引っ張ることができる。 According to the above configuration, the protruding inflatable portion can be efficiently pulled inward in the vehicle width direction by the tether.
　本発明によれば、簡潔な構成で歩行者を効率よく保護可能な歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置を提供可能である。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a pedestrian protection airbag device that can efficiently protect pedestrians with a simple configuration.
本発明の実施形態にかかる歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置の概要を例示する図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which illustrates the outline|summary of the pedestrian protection airbag apparatus concerning embodiment of this invention. 図１（ｂ）の歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置を上方から拡大して例示した図である。It is the figure which expanded and illustrated the airbag apparatus for pedestrian protection of FIG.1(b) from upper direction. 図２のエアバッグクッションがＡ－Ａ断面における断面斜視図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the airbag cushion of FIG. 2 taken along line AA. 図２のテザーの第１変形例を例示した図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a first modified example of the tether of FIG. 2; 図２のテザーの第２変形例を例示した図である。FIG. 3 illustrates a second modified example of the tether of FIG. 2;
　以下に添付図面を参照しながら、本発明の好適な実施形態について詳細に説明する。かかる実施形態に示す寸法、材料、その他具体的な数値などは、発明の理解を容易とするための例示に過ぎず、特に断る場合を除き、本発明を限定するものではない。なお、本明細書及び図面において、実質的に同一の機能、構成を有する要素については、同一の符号を付することにより重複説明を省略し、また本発明に直接関係のない要素は図示を省略する。 Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The dimensions, materials, and other specific numerical values shown in these embodiments are merely examples for facilitating understanding of the invention, and do not limit the invention unless otherwise specified. In the present specification and drawings, elements having substantially the same functions and configurations are denoted by the same reference numerals to omit redundant description, and elements that are not directly related to the present invention are omitted from the drawings. do.
　図１は、本発明の実施形態にかかる歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置１００の概要を例示する図である。図１（ａ）は歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置１００の作動前の車両を例示した図であり、図１（ｂ）は歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置１００の作動時の車両を例示した図である。これら図１その他の各図においては、車両前後方向をそれぞれ矢印F(Forward)、B(Back)、車幅方向の左右をそれぞれ矢印L(Left)、R(Right)、車両上下方向をそれぞれ矢印U(up)、D(down)で例示する。 FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an outline of a pedestrian protection airbag device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1(a) is a diagram illustrating the vehicle before the pedestrian protection airbag device 100 is activated, and FIG. 1(b) is a diagram illustrating the vehicle when the pedestrian protection airbag device 100 is activated. be. In FIG. 1 and other figures, arrows F (Forward) and B (Back) indicate the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, arrows L (Left) and R (Right) indicate the lateral direction of the vehicle, and arrows indicate the vertical direction of the vehicle. Examples are U(up) and D(down).
　当該歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置１００の保護対象には、徒歩で移動する歩行者だけでなく、道路を走行できる運転者や乗員が車体で囲まれない機械的な乗り物における運転者等も含まれている。これら機械的な乗り物としては、自転車やオートバイ、キックボードなどが例に挙げられる。よって、以下の説明における「歩行者」には、歩行している人に加え、自転車やオートバイを運転している人やこれらをけん引している人、キックボードやこれらに準ずる乗り物および遊具を使用している人などが含まれている。 Objects to be protected by the pedestrian protection airbag device 100 include not only pedestrians who move on foot, but also drivers who can travel on roads and drivers of mechanical vehicles in which the occupants are not surrounded by the vehicle body. ing. Examples of these mechanical vehicles include bicycles, motorcycles, and kickboards. Therefore, "pedestrians" in the following explanation include people who are walking, people who are driving bicycles or motorcycles, people who are towing them, kickboards and similar vehicles and playground equipment. It includes people who are
　図１（ａ）に例示するように、歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置１００は、車両１０２のフロントフード１０４の下側に設置されている。歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置１００は、例えばフロントバンパ１０６付近の内部など、歩行者の脚部等が接触しやすい箇所に不図示のセンサを備えている。センサが歩行者との接触を検知すると、制御部等を介してガス発生装置であるインフレータ１１２ａ、１１２ｂ（図２参照）に稼動信号が送信され、図１（ｂ）のようにエアバッグクッション１１４がフロントフード１０４の下方からウインドシールド１０８に向かって膨張展開する仕組みとなっている。 As illustrated in FIG. 1( a ), the pedestrian protection airbag device 100 is installed under the front hood 104 of the vehicle 102 . The pedestrian protection airbag device 100 includes a sensor (not shown) at a location, such as the inside near the front bumper 106, which is likely to come into contact with the legs of the pedestrian. When the sensor detects contact with a pedestrian, an operation signal is sent to the inflators 112a and 112b (see FIG. 2), which are gas generators, via the control unit or the like, and the airbag cushion 114 is activated as shown in FIG. 1(b). is inflated and deployed from below the front hood 104 toward the windshield 108 .
　図１（ａ）に例示するように、歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置１００は、エアバッグクッション１１４を収容するハウジング１１６を備えている。ハウジング１１６は、主に樹脂で形成された長尺な箱状の容器であり、エアバッグクッション１１４（図２参照）やインフレータ１１２ａ、１１２ｂ等を収納する。ハウジング１１６は、その長手方向を車幅方向に向けて、専用のブラケット等を介してフロントフード１０４の下面に取り付けられる。 As illustrated in FIG. 1( a ), the pedestrian protection airbag device 100 includes a housing 116 that accommodates an airbag cushion 114 . The housing 116 is a long box-shaped container made mainly of resin, and houses the airbag cushion 114 (see FIG. 2), the inflators 112a and 112b, and the like. The housing 116 is attached to the lower surface of the front hood 104 via a dedicated bracket or the like with its longitudinal direction directed in the vehicle width direction.
　図１（ｂ）に例示するように、本実施形態におけるエアバッグクッション１１４は、ウインドシールド１０８に沿って膨張展開し、このウインドシールド１０８に接触しようとする歩行者を受け止める。加えて、エアバッグクッション１１４は、フロントフード１０４を持ち上げて浮かせる構成を採ることもできる。この動作には、フロントフード１０４に接触する歩行者に与える衝撃を和らげる効果がある。 As illustrated in FIG. 1(b), the airbag cushion 114 in this embodiment inflates and deploys along the windshield 108 and catches a pedestrian who tries to come into contact with the windshield 108. In addition, the airbag cushion 114 can also adopt a configuration that lifts the front hood 104 to float it. This action has the effect of softening the impact on the pedestrian who comes into contact with the front hood 104 .
　図２は、図１（ｂ）の歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置１００を上方から拡大して例示した図である。エアバッグクッション１１４は袋状であって、その表面を構成する複数の基布を重ねて縫製または接着することや、ＯＰＷ（One-Piece Woven）を用いての紡織などによって形成されている。 FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the pedestrian protection airbag device 100 of FIG. 1(b) from above. The airbag cushion 114 is bag-shaped, and is formed by stacking and sewing or adhering a plurality of base fabrics constituting the surface thereof, or by spinning or weaving using OPW (One-Piece Woven).
　インフレータ１１２ａ、１１２ｂは、エアバッグクッション１１４の前端側であって、後述する主膨張部１１８の前縁の左右両側それぞれに車幅方向に延びる向きで配置されている。本実施形態では、エアバッグクッション１１４に左右均等にガスを供給するよう２つのインフレータ１１２ａ、１１２ｂを設置しているが、出力の大きなインフレータであれば１つだけ設置して実施することも可能である。 The inflators 112a and 112b are arranged on the front end side of the airbag cushion 114 and on the left and right sides of the front edge of the main inflatable portion 118, which will be described later, so as to extend in the vehicle width direction. In this embodiment, two inflators 112a and 112b are installed so as to supply gas to the airbag cushion 114 evenly on the left and right sides, but it is also possible to install only one inflator if the output is large. be.
　インフレータ１１２ａ、１１２ｂは、ハウジング１１６（図１（ｂ）参照）の内側にスタッドボルト（図示省略）を使用して固定されていて、所定のセンサから送られる衝撃の検知信号に起因して作動し、エアバッグクッション１１４にガスを供給する。エアバッグクッション１１４は、インフレータ１１２ａ、１１２ｂからのガスによって膨張を始め、その膨張圧でハウジング１１６を開裂等してウインドシールド１０８に向かって膨張展開する。 The inflators 112a, 112b are fixed inside the housing 116 (see FIG. 1(b)) using stud bolts (not shown), and are actuated by an impact detection signal sent from a predetermined sensor. , supplies gas to the airbag cushion 114 . The airbag cushion 114 begins to be inflated by the gas from the inflators 112a and 112b, and is inflated and deployed toward the windshield 108 by, for example, opening the housing 116 by the inflation pressure.
　インフレータ１１２ａ、１１２ｂは、本実施例ではシリンダ型（円筒型）のものを採用している。現在普及しているインフレータには、ガス発生剤が充填されていてこれを燃焼させてガスを発生させるタイプや、圧縮ガスが充填されていて熱を発生させることなくガスを供給するタイプ、または燃焼ガスと圧縮ガスとを両方利用するハイブリッドタイプのものなどがある。インフレータ１１２ａ、１１２ｂとしては、いずれのタイプのものも利用可能である。 The inflators 112a and 112b are of cylinder type (cylindrical type) in this embodiment. The inflators that are currently in widespread use include a type that is filled with a gas generating agent and burns it to generate gas, a type that is filled with compressed gas and supplies gas without generating heat, or a type that is filled with a combustible type. There are hybrid types that use both gas and compressed gas. Any type of inflator 112a, 112b can be used.
　本実施形態では、エアバッグクッション１１４のうちガスが流入して膨張する膨張領域は、主膨張部１１８と一対の突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂに大きく分かれている。 In this embodiment, the expansion region of the airbag cushion 114 into which gas flows and expands is largely divided into a main expansion portion 118 and a pair of projecting expansion portions 120a and 120b.
　主膨張部１１８は、インフレータ１１２ａ、１１２ｂからガスを受給し、ウインドシールド１０８の下部を左側のＡピラー１１０ａから右側のＡピラー１１０ｂにわたるまで車幅方向に覆うよう膨張展開して、歩行の身体を広く受け止める。 The main inflatable portion 118 receives gas from the inflators 112a and 112b and inflates and deploys the lower portion of the windshield 108 from the left A-pillar 110a to the right A-pillar 110b in the vehicle width direction to cover the walking body. widely accepted.
　主膨張領域１１８は、フロントフード１０４の後端近傍を下方から持ち上げる構成とすることも、フロントフード１０４の後端近傍の上側に重なって膨張展開する構成とすることも可能である。主膨張領域１１８がフロントフード１０４の後端近傍を持ち上げる場合、フロントフード１０４を浮かせることで歩行者がフロントフード１０４に接触したときに与える衝撃を和らげることが可能である。 The main expansion area 118 may be configured to lift the vicinity of the rear end of the front hood 104 from below, or may be configured to overlap the upper side of the vicinity of the rear end of the front hood 104 and inflate and deploy. When the main expansion region 118 lifts the vicinity of the rear end of the front hood 104, the front hood 104 can be floated to soften the impact given to a pedestrian when the front hood 104 comes into contact.
　一対の突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂは、主膨張部１１８の車幅方向両端側にＡピラー１１０ａ、１１０ｂそれぞれに沿って上方に突出するよう設けられている。突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂは、主膨張部１１８からガスを受給するとそれぞれＡピラー１１０ａ、１１０ｂを覆うよう膨張展開し、歩行者の頭部などが剛性の高いＡピラー１１０ａ、１１０ｂに接触することを防ぐ。 A pair of protruding expansion portions 120a and 120b are provided on both end sides of the main expansion portion 118 in the vehicle width direction so as to protrude upward along the A-pillars 110a and 110b, respectively. When the projecting inflatable portions 120a and 120b receive gas from the main inflatable portion 118, they inflate and deploy to cover the A-pillars 110a and 110b, respectively, to prevent the head of a pedestrian from contacting the highly rigid A-pillars 110a and 110b. prevent.
　突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂと主膨張部１１８とには、一対のテザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂがかけ渡されている。テザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂは、エアバッグクッション１１４の膨張展開時において、突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂを主膨張部１１８側に引っ張って揺動を抑えることができる。 A pair of tethers 122a and 122b are stretched between the projecting expansion portions 120a and 120b and the main expansion portion 118. The tethers 122a and 122b can pull the protruding inflatable portions 120a and 120b toward the main inflatable portion 118 when the airbag cushion 114 is inflated and deployed, thereby suppressing rocking.
　テザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂは、上端が突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂそれぞれの上端１２４ａ、１２４ｂ近傍の車幅方向内側の接続部Ｐ１、Ｐ２に接続され、前端が主膨張部１１８の前端１２６側の接続部Ｐ３、Ｐ４に接続されている。よって、テザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂは、突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂを車両前側かつ車幅方向内側に効率よく引っ張ることが可能になっている。なお、テザー１２２ａ等の突出膨張部１２０ａ等への接続は、縫製によって行うことができる。 The tethers 122a and 122b have their upper ends connected to the inner connection portions P1 and P2 in the vicinity of the upper ends 124a and 124b of the projecting expansion portions 120a and 120b, respectively, and their front ends connected to the connection portion P3 on the front end 126 side of the main expansion portion 118. , P4. Therefore, the tethers 122a and 122b can efficiently pull the projecting expansion portions 120a and 120b toward the vehicle front side and vehicle width direction inside. The connection of the tether 122a and the like to the projecting expansion portion 120a and the like can be performed by sewing.
　本実施形態では、テザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂが突出膨張部１２０ａの上端１２４ａ、１２４ｂの近傍を主膨張部１１８側に引っ張ることで、膨張展開時の突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｎの揺動を抑えて車両の保護エリアをより早期に覆うと共に、歩行者拘束時においても突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂの動きを抑えて歩行者を好適に拘束することができる。 In this embodiment, the tethers 122a and 122b pull the vicinity of the upper ends 124a and 124b of the protruding inflatable portion 120a toward the main inflatable portion 118, thereby suppressing the rocking motion of the protruding inflatable portions 120a and 120n when inflating and deploying the vehicle. The protection area can be covered earlier, and the movement of the protruding expansion portions 120a and 120b can be suppressed even when the pedestrian is restrained, so that the pedestrian can be suitably restrained.
　テザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂそれぞれの前端は、主膨張部１１８の前縁のうち、車幅方向の中央Ｃ１を境界にした左右の範囲Ｅ１、Ｅ２であって、当該テザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂの上端が接続されている突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂとは左右反対側の範囲に接続されている。特に、図２に例示するように、当該テザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂの前端は、主膨張部１１８の前縁のうちインフレータ１１２ａ、１１２ｂ以外の部分に接続されている。 The front ends of the tethers 122a and 122b are the left and right ranges E1 and E2 bounded by the center C1 in the vehicle width direction of the front edge of the main expansion portion 118, and the upper ends of the tethers 122a and 122b are connected. 120a and 120b are connected to the range on the left-right opposite side. In particular, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the front ends of the tethers 122a and 122b are connected to portions of the front edge of the main inflatable portion 118 other than the inflators 112a and 112b.
　例えば、テザー１２２ａは、上端が範囲Ｅ１にて突出膨張部１２０ａに接続部Ｐ１で接続され、前端が範囲Ｅ２にて主膨張部１１８に接続部Ｐ３で接続されている。また、テザー１２２ｂは、上端が範囲Ｅ２にて突出膨張部１２０ｂに接続部Ｐ２で接続され、前端が範囲Ｅ１にて主膨張部１１８に接続部Ｐ４で接続されている。 For example, the tether 122a has an upper end connected to the projecting inflation portion 120a at a connection portion P1 in an area E1, and a front end connected to the main inflation portion 118 at a connection portion P3 in an area E2. The tether 122b has an upper end connected to the protruding inflation portion 120b in an area E2 at a connection portion P2, and a front end connected to the main inflation portion 118 in an area E1 at a connection portion P4.
　テザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂの前端は、主膨張部の車両前側の縁部に接続することができる。例えば、テザー１２２ａの前端は、範囲Ｅ２内における主膨張部１１８の縁部Ｆ３、Ｆ４の範囲に接続することができる。また、テザー１２２ｂの前端は、範囲Ｅ１内における主膨張部１１８の縁部Ｆ１、Ｆ２の範囲に接続することができる。 The front ends of the tethers 122a, 122b can be connected to the edges of the main inflatable portion on the front side of the vehicle. For example, the front end of tether 122a can be connected to the extent of edges F3, F4 of main bulge 118 within extent E2. Also, the front end of the tether 122b can be connected to the extent of the edges F1, F2 of the main inflatable portion 118 within the extent E1.
　上記のテザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂによって、突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂは上端１２４ａ、１２４ｂ側が車幅方向内側に引っ張られる。そのため、突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂがＡピラー１１０ａ、１１０ｂから車幅方向外側に移動することを防ぎ、突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂによってＡピラー１１０ａ、１１０ｂを好適に覆うことができる。 The tethers 122a and 122b pull the upper ends 124a and 124b of the projecting expansion portions 120a and 120b inward in the vehicle width direction. Therefore, the protruding expansion portions 120a and 120b are prevented from moving outward in the vehicle width direction from the A pillars 110a and 110b, and the A pillars 110a and 110b can be preferably covered by the protruding expansion portions 120a and 120b.
　テザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂは、左右対称の構成になっていて、車幅方向の中央Ｃ１で交差している。この構成によって、左右の突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂは、それぞれ車幅方向内側に均等に引っ張られる。これにより、エアバッグクッション１１４は、偏りを抑えた安定した挙動で膨張展開することが可能になる。 The tethers 122a and 122b have a symmetrical configuration and intersect at the center C1 in the vehicle width direction. With this configuration, the left and right projecting expansion portions 120a and 120b are evenly pulled inward in the vehicle width direction. As a result, the airbag cushion 114 can be inflated and deployed with a stable behavior that suppresses bias.
　テザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂが交差する箇所には、交差部１３０が形成されている。交差部１３０は、車幅方向の中央の近傍にて、テザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂ同士が直接的に重なり合って形成されている。交差部１３０は、膨張展開したエアバッグクッション１１４を車両前方から見たとき、主膨張部１１８とウインドシールド１０８との間に形成される。 An intersection portion 130 is formed at the location where the tethers 122a and 122b intersect. The crossing portion 130 is formed by directly overlapping the tethers 122a and 122b near the center in the vehicle width direction. The intersection portion 130 is formed between the main inflation portion 118 and the windshield 108 when the inflated and deployed airbag cushion 114 is viewed from the front of the vehicle.
　テザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂは、交差部１３０をウインドシールド１０８側の車幅方向中央に形成するよう張られることで、突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂをそれぞれ車幅方向内側かつウインドシールド１０８側に均等に引っ張り、突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂを偏りや広がりを抑えた安定した挙動で膨張展開させることができる。 The tethers 122a and 122b are stretched so as to form a crossing portion 130 at the center in the vehicle width direction on the windshield 108 side, so that the protruding expansion portions 120a and 120b are pulled evenly inward in the vehicle width direction and toward the windshield 108 side. It is possible to inflate and deploy the projecting inflation portions 120a and 120b with stable behavior that suppresses bias and spread.
　図３は、図２のエアバッグクッション１１４がＡ－Ａ断面における断面斜視図である。テザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂは、主膨張部１１８の車両側、すなわち下側を通って主膨張部１１８の前端１２６と突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂとにかけ渡されている。この構成によって、テザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂは、張力を利用して主膨張部１１８の車両側を支えることも可能になっている。 FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the airbag cushion 114 of FIG. 2 taken along line AA. The tethers 122a, 122b pass through the vehicle side, that is, the lower side of the main inflatable portion 118 and span between the front end 126 of the main inflatable portion 118 and the projecting inflatable portions 120a, 120b. This configuration also allows the tethers 122a, 122b to support the vehicle side of the main inflatable portion 118 using tension.
　変形例として、エアバッグクッション１１４は、例えば主膨張部１１８の車両側に、テザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂを通すループを設けることも可能である。ループにテザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂを通すことで、エアバッグクッション１１４の膨張展開時にテザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂの移動を抑えることが可能になる。 As a modification, the airbag cushion 114 can be provided with loops through which the tethers 122a and 122b are passed, for example, on the vehicle side of the main inflatable portion 118. By passing the tethers 122a and 122b through the loops, movement of the tethers 122a and 122b can be suppressed when the airbag cushion 114 is inflated and deployed.
　上記各構成によって、当該歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置１００は、突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂを利用して、歩行者を剛性の高いＡピラー１１０ａ、１１０ｂ（図１（ｂ）参照）への接触から好適に保護することができる。特に、テザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂを利用することで、上端１２４ａ、１２４ｂが自由端の状態になった突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂであっても、Ａピラー１１０ａ、１１０ｂから外れることなく、Ａピラー１１０ａ、１１０ｂを覆う状態に膨張展開することができる。これらのように、当該歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置１００によれば、簡潔な構成で歩行者を効率よく保護することが可能になる。 With each of the above configurations, the pedestrian protection airbag device 100 utilizes the projecting inflatable portions 120a and 120b to protect the pedestrian from contact with the highly rigid A-pillars 110a and 110b (see FIG. 1(b)). It can be suitably protected. In particular, by using the tethers 122a and 122b, even if the protruding expansion portions 120a and 120b whose upper ends 124a and 124b are free ends, the A pillars 110a and 110b do not come off from the A pillars 110a and 110b. can be inflated and deployed to cover the As described above, according to the pedestrian protection airbag device 100, it is possible to efficiently protect pedestrians with a simple configuration.
　また、一対のテザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂは、車幅方向の中央に交差部１３０を形成するよう交差させて斜めに張られていることで、突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂの上端側を車幅方向内側に効率よく引っ張ることが可能になっている。これによっても、当該歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置１００では、突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂがＡピラー１１０ａ、１１０ｂに対して車幅方向外側に移動することを防ぎ、Ａピラー１１０ａ、１１０ｂを好適に覆うことが可能になっている。 In addition, the pair of tethers 122a and 122b are crossed and stretched obliquely so as to form an intersection 130 at the center in the vehicle width direction, so that the upper end sides of the projecting expanded portions 120a and 120b are directed inward in the vehicle width direction. Efficient pulling is possible. This also prevents the protruding inflation portions 120a and 120b from moving outward in the vehicle width direction with respect to the A-pillars 110a and 110b in the pedestrian protection airbag device 100, and preferably covers the A-pillars 110a and 110b. is possible.
（変形例）
　以下、上述した各構成要素の変形例について説明する。図４は、図２のテザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂの第１変形例（テザー２００ａ、２００ｂ）を例示した図である。図４以降では、既に説明した構成要素と同じものには同じ符号を付していて、これによって既出の構成要素については説明を省略する。また、以下の説明において、既に説明した構成要素と同じ名称のものについては、例え異なる符号を付していても、特に明記しない場合は同じ機能を有しているものとする。 (Modification)
Modifications of the components described above will be described below. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a first modification ( tethers 200a and 200b) of the tethers 122a and 122b of FIG. In FIG. 4 and subsequent figures, the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those already described, and thus the description of the already described components will be omitted. Further, in the following description, even if the same names as the components already described are given different reference numerals, they have the same functions unless otherwise specified.
　テザー２００ａ、２００ｂは、突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂそれぞれの上端１２４ａ、１２４ｂの車幅方向内側の接続部Ｐ１、Ｐ２と、主膨張部１１８の後端１２８側の接続部Ｐ５、Ｐ６とにかけ渡されている。 The tethers 200a and 200b are stretched between the connection portions P1 and P2 on the vehicle width direction inside of the upper ends 124a and 124b of the projecting expansion portions 120a and 120b and the connection portions P5 and P6 on the rear end 128 side of the main expansion portion 118. ing.
　テザー２００ａ、２００ｂが交差する箇所には、交差部２０２が形成されている。交差部２０２は、車幅方向の中央にて、テザー２００ａ、２００ｂ同士が直接的に重なり合って形成されている。交差部２０２は、膨張展開したエアバッグクッション１１４を車両前方から見たとき、主膨張部１１８および突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂから露出する位置に形成されている。 An intersection portion 202 is formed at the location where the tethers 200a and 200b intersect. The crossing portion 202 is formed by directly overlapping the tethers 200a and 200b at the center in the vehicle width direction. The intersection portion 202 is formed at a position exposed from the main inflation portion 118 and the projecting inflation portions 120a and 120b when the inflated and deployed airbag cushion 114 is viewed from the front of the vehicle.
　テザー２００ａ、２００ｂもまた、車幅方向の中央に交差部２０２を形成するよう交差させて斜めに張られていることで、突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂの上端側を車両前側かつ車幅方向内側に効率よく引っ張り、突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂを偏りや広がりを抑えた安定した挙動で膨張展開させることができる。特に、この構成では、テザー２００ａ、２００ｂの全長を短く抑え、テザー２００ａ、２００ｂの張力を早い時点で発生させることが可能になる。 The tethers 200a and 200b are also stretched diagonally so as to form an intersection 202 at the center in the vehicle width direction, so that the upper end sides of the protruding expanded portions 120a and 120b are directed toward the vehicle front side and the vehicle width direction inner side. It is possible to efficiently pull and inflate and deploy the projecting inflation portions 120a and 120b with stable behavior that suppresses bias and spread. In particular, with this configuration, the overall length of the tethers 200a and 200b can be kept short, and the tension in the tethers 200a and 200b can be generated at an early point.
　図５は、図２のテザー１２２ａ、１２２ｂの第２変形例（テザー２２０ａ、２２０ｂ）を例示した図である。本実施例では、テザー２２０ａ、２２０ｂの前端をインフレータ１１２ａ、１１２ｂに接続させている。 FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a second modified example ( tethers 220a and 220b) of the tethers 122a and 122b in FIG. In this embodiment, the front ends of tethers 220a, 220b are connected to inflators 112a, 112b.
　インフレータ１１２ａ、１１２ｂは、主膨張部１１８のうち車幅方向の中央を境界にした左右の範囲Ｅ１、Ｅ２に、左右対称に一対設けられている。テザー２２０ａ、２２０ｂそれぞれの前端は、当該テザー２２０ａ、２２０ｂの上端が接続されている突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂとは反対側の範囲に設けられたインフレータ１１２ａ、１１２ｂに接続されている。 A pair of inflators 112a and 112b are provided symmetrically in left and right ranges E1 and E2 bounded by the center of the main inflatable portion 118 in the vehicle width direction. The front ends of the tethers 220a and 220b are connected to inflators 112a and 112b provided in a range on the opposite side of the projecting expansion portions 120a and 120b to which the upper ends of the tethers 220a and 220b are connected.
　例えば、テザー２２０ａの前端は、範囲Ｅ２にてインフレータ１１２ｂに接続されている。また、テザー２２０ｂの前端は、範囲Ｅ１にてインフレータ１１２ａに接続されている。これらテザー２２０ａ、２２０ｂの前端は、インフレータ１１２ａ、１１２ｂを支えるブラケットの周囲やスタッドボルトの周囲など、ガスが直接的に当たらず、かつ高温にならない箇所に接続することができる。 For example, the front end of the tether 220a is connected to the inflator 112b in the range E2. Also, the front end of the tether 220b is connected to the inflator 112a in the range E1. The front ends of these tethers 220a and 220b can be connected to places where the gas does not directly hit and the temperature does not rise, such as around brackets supporting the inflators 112a and 112b or around stud bolts.
　テザー２２０ａ、２２０ｂもまた、車幅方向の中央に交差部２２２を形成するよう交差させて斜めに張られていることで、突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂの上端側を車両前方の主膨張部１１８側かつ車幅方向内側に効率よく引っ張り、突出膨張部１２０ａ、１２０ｂを偏りや広がりを抑えた安定した挙動で膨張展開させることが可能である。 The tethers 220a and 220b are also stretched diagonally so as to form a crossing portion 222 in the center in the vehicle width direction, so that the upper ends of the protruding expansion portions 120a and 120b are positioned toward the main expansion portion 118 in front of the vehicle. In addition, it is possible to efficiently pull inward in the vehicle width direction and inflate and deploy the projecting inflation portions 120a and 120b with a stable behavior that suppresses bias and spread.
　以上、添付図面を参照しながら本発明の好適な実施例について説明したが、以上に述べた実施形態は、本発明の好ましい例であって、これ以外の実施態様も、各種の方法で実施または遂行できる。特に本願明細書中に限定される主旨の記載がない限り、この発明は、添付図面に示した詳細な部品の形状、大きさ、および構成配置等に制約されるものではない。また、本願明細書の中に用いられた表現および用語は、説明を目的としたもので、特に限定される主旨の記載がない限り、それに限定されるものではない。 Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above-described embodiments are preferred examples of the present invention, and other embodiments can be implemented or implemented in various ways. I can carry it out. The present invention is not limited to the shapes, sizes, configurations, and the like of the detailed parts shown in the accompanying drawings, unless specifically stated otherwise in the specification. Also, the phraseology and terminology used herein are for the purpose of description and should not be construed as limiting unless specifically stated otherwise.
　したがって、当業者であれば、特許請求の範囲に記載された範疇内において、各種の変更例または修正例に想到し得ることは明らかであり、それらについても当然に本発明の技術的範囲に属するものと了解される。 Therefore, it is obvious that a person skilled in the art can conceive of various modifications or modifications within the scope described in the claims, and these naturally belong to the technical scope of the present invention. understood as a thing.
　本発明は、車両のフロントフードの下方からウインドシールドに向かって膨張展開するエアバッグクッションを備えた歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置に利用することができる。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used in a pedestrian protection airbag device having an airbag cushion that inflates and deploys from below the front hood of a vehicle toward the windshield.
１００…歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置、１０２…車両、１０４…フロントフード、１０６…フロントバンパ、１０８…ウインドシールド、１１０ａ、１１０ｂ…Ａピラー、１１２ａ、１１２ｂ…インフレータ、１１４…エアバッグクッション、１１６…ハウジング、１１８…主膨張部、１２０ａ、１２０ｂ…突出膨張部、１２２ａ、１２２ｂ…テザー、１２４ａ、１２４ｂ…上端、１２６…前端、１２８…後端、１３０…交差部、２００ａ、２００ｂ…テザー、２０２…交差部、２２０ａ、２２０ｂ…テザー、２２２…交差部、Ｃ１…中央、Ｅ１、Ｅ２…範囲、、Ｆ１～Ｆ４…縁部、Ｐ１～Ｐ６…接続部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100... Airbag apparatus for pedestrian protection 102... Vehicle 104... Front hood 106... Front bumper 108... Wind shield 110a, 110b... A-pillar 112a, 112b... Inflator 114... Airbag cushion 116... housing 118 main expansion portion 120a, 120b protruding expansion portion 122a, 122b tether 124a, 124b upper end 126 front end 128 rear end 130 intersection portion 200a, 200b tether 202 intersections 220a, 220b tethers 222 intersections C1 center E1, E2 ranges F1 to F4 edges P1 to P6 connections

Claims (9)

  1. 　車両のフロントフードの下方からウインドシールドに向かって膨張展開するエアバッグクッションと、該エアバッグクッションにガスを供給する１または複数のインフレータとを備えた歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置において、
    　前記エアバッグクッションは、
    　前記車両における一対のＡピラーの一方から他方にまでわたって少なくとも前記ウインドシールドの下部を覆う主膨張部と、
    　前記主膨張部から前記一対のＡピラーそれぞれに沿って上方に突出して該Ａピラーを覆う一対の突出膨張部と、
    　前記突出膨張部それぞれの上端近傍と前記主膨張部とにかけ渡される一対のテザーと、
    を有し、
    　前記一対のテザーは、前記エアバッグクッションが膨張展開したときに該テザー同士が交差して重なり合う交差部を有することを特徴とする歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置。     A pedestrian protection airbag device comprising an airbag cushion that inflates and deploys from below the front hood of a vehicle toward a windshield, and one or more inflators that supply gas to the airbag cushion,
    The airbag cushion is
    a main expansion portion covering at least a lower portion of the windshield from one to the other of a pair of A-pillars of the vehicle;
    a pair of protruding expansion portions that protrude upward from the main expansion portion along each of the pair of A pillars and cover the A pillars;
    a pair of tethers spanning the vicinity of the upper end of each of the projecting expansion portions and the main expansion portion;
    has
    A pedestrian protection airbag device, wherein the pair of tethers has a crossing portion where the tethers cross and overlap each other when the airbag cushion is inflated and deployed.
  2. 　前記交差部は、膨張展開した前記エアバッグクッションを車両前方から見たとき、前記主膨張部および前記一対の突出膨張部から露出した位置に形成されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置。 2. The crossing portion according to claim 1, wherein the intersection portion is formed at a position exposed from the main inflatable portion and the pair of projecting inflatable portions when the inflated and deployed airbag cushion is viewed from the front of the vehicle. Pedestrian protection airbag device.
  3. 　前記交差部は、膨張展開した前記エアバッグクッションを車両前方から見たとき、前記主膨張部と前記ウインドシールドとの間に形成されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置。 2. The pedestrian protection device according to claim 1, wherein the intersection portion is formed between the main inflation portion and the windshield when the inflated and deployed airbag cushion is viewed from the front of the vehicle. airbag device.
  4. 　前記交差部は、車幅方向の中央の近傍に形成されることを特徴とする請求項１から３のいずれか１項に記載の歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置。 The pedestrian protection airbag device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the intersection is formed near the center in the vehicle width direction.
  5. 　前記一対のテザーそれぞれの前端は、前記主膨張部の車両前側の縁部に接続されていることを特徴とする請求項１から４のいずれか１項に記載の歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置。 The pedestrian protection airbag device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a front end of each of the pair of tethers is connected to an edge of the main inflatable portion on the front side of the vehicle.
  6. 　前記１または複数のインフレータは、前記主膨張部のうち車幅方向の中央を境界にした左右の範囲に一対設けられ、
    　前記一対のテザーそれぞれの前端は、該テザーが接続されている突出膨張部とは反対側の範囲に設けられたインフレータに接続されることを特徴とする請求項１から４のいずれか１項に記載の歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置。     The one or more inflators are provided in a pair on the left and right sides bounded by the center in the vehicle width direction of the main expansion portion,
    The front end of each of the pair of tethers is connected to an inflator provided in a range on the opposite side of the projecting expansion portion to which the tethers are connected. A pedestrian protection airbag device as described.
  7. 　前記一対のテザーそれぞれの前端は、前記主膨張部の車幅方向の中央を境界にした左右の範囲のうち、該テザーが接続されている突出膨張部とは反対側の範囲に接続されることを特徴とする請求項１から５のいずれか１項に記載の歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置。 The front end of each of the pair of tethers is connected to a range on the opposite side of the protruding expansion section to which the tether is connected, in the left and right ranges bounded by the center of the main expansion section in the vehicle width direction. The pedestrian protection airbag device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that:
  8. 　前記１または複数のインフレータは、前記主膨張部の前縁のうち車幅方向の中央を境界にした左右の範囲に一対設けられ、
    　前記一対のテザーそれぞれの前端は、前記主膨張部の前縁のうち該テザーが接続されている突出膨張部とは左右反対側の範囲であって前記インフレータ以外の部分に接続されることを特徴とする請求項５に記載の歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置。     The one or more inflators are provided in a pair on the left and right sides of the front edge of the main inflatable portion with the center in the vehicle width direction as a boundary,
    A front end of each of the pair of tethers is connected to a portion other than the inflator in a range on the left and right opposite side of the protruding expansion portion to which the tether is connected in the front edge of the main expansion portion. The pedestrian protection airbag device according to claim 5.
  9. 　前記一対のテザーそれぞれの上端は、前記突出膨張部の上端側の車幅方向内側の箇所に接続されることを特徴とする請求項１から８のいずれか１項に記載の歩行者保護用エアバッグ装置。 The pedestrian protection air according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the upper end of each of the pair of tethers is connected to a portion on the vehicle width direction inner side of the upper end side of the protruding inflatable portion. bag device.
PCT/JP2022/041917 2021-12-22 2022-11-10 Airbag device for pedestrian protection WO2023119932A1 (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006514593A (en) * 2003-09-03 2006-05-11 タカタ・ペトリ アーゲー Vehicle safety device protecting pedestrians and cyclists
JP2015104950A (en) * 2013-11-28 2015-06-08 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Vehicular pedestrian protection apparatus
US9132799B1 (en) * 2014-04-25 2015-09-15 Hyundai Motor Company Pedestrian airbag system for vehicle
US20160059822A1 (en) * 2014-08-29 2016-03-03 Hyundai Mobis Co., Ltd. Air bag cushion device for protecting pedestrian
JP2016165946A (en) * 2015-03-09 2016-09-15 富士重工業株式会社 Vehicle exterior airbag

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006514593A (en) * 2003-09-03 2006-05-11 タカタ・ペトリ アーゲー Vehicle safety device protecting pedestrians and cyclists
JP2015104950A (en) * 2013-11-28 2015-06-08 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Vehicular pedestrian protection apparatus
US9132799B1 (en) * 2014-04-25 2015-09-15 Hyundai Motor Company Pedestrian airbag system for vehicle
US20160059822A1 (en) * 2014-08-29 2016-03-03 Hyundai Mobis Co., Ltd. Air bag cushion device for protecting pedestrian
JP2016165946A (en) * 2015-03-09 2016-09-15 富士重工業株式会社 Vehicle exterior airbag

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