WO2023115741A1 - 一种新的芸苔素甾醇类似物、新晶型及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种新的芸苔素甾醇类似物、新晶型及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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WO2023115741A1
WO2023115741A1 PCT/CN2022/083659 CN2022083659W WO2023115741A1 WO 2023115741 A1 WO2023115741 A1 WO 2023115741A1 CN 2022083659 W CN2022083659 W CN 2022083659W WO 2023115741 A1 WO2023115741 A1 WO 2023115741A1
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crystal form
brassinolide
sterol
new crystal
present
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PCT/CN2022/083659
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English (en)
French (fr)
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何其明
任丹
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成都新朝阳作物科学股份有限公司
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Priority to EP22909079.0A priority Critical patent/EP4403564A1/en
Priority to US18/547,826 priority patent/US11970515B1/en
Priority to CA3234106A priority patent/CA3234106A1/en
Publication of WO2023115741A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023115741A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07J—STEROIDS
    • C07J9/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of more than two carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, coprostane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/13—Crystalline forms, e.g. polymorphs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of agrochemicals, in particular to a new brassinosteroid analogue, a new crystal form and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Natural brassinosterols are a general term for a class of lactone compounds and their sterol analogues. In addition to the identified BL, more than 60 different natural structures have been discovered, collectively called brassinosterols or brassinosterols ( Brassinosteroids, BRs). Our company has more than 20 years of research history on natural brassinolide sterols, and has developed a series of preparation processes for extracting natural brassinolide sterols from natural raw materials. Natural brassinoid sterol analogues (BR1-BR6) with different structures were isolated. On this basis, the applicant discovered a new structure of natural brassinosteroid sterol analogues through continuous in-depth development and continuous research.
  • Compound polymorphism means that the active ingredient of a drug can form two or more molecular assembly modes during the crystallization process, and the appearance of polymorphism is the result of kinetic competition in the process of crystallization thermodynamics and molecular recognition.
  • crystallization conditions such as: solvent composition, temperature, concentration, supersaturation, pH value, stirring speed, impurities, etc.
  • the change of combination mode and force can make the crystal have different unit cell parameters and space groups, thus forming polymorphism.
  • the present invention provides a new brassinolide sterol analogue, new crystal form and its preparation method and application.
  • a product with significant biological activity can be obtained.
  • the present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
  • a brassinolide sterol analog the chemical formula of the brassinolide sterol analog is C 27 H 46 O 7 , and the chemical name is (20R,22R)-2 ⁇ ,3 ⁇ ,14 ⁇ -14,20,22,25- Hexahydroxy-5 ⁇ ,8 ⁇ ,9 ⁇ -cholestan-6-one, the structural formula is as follows:
  • a new crystal form of brassinolide sterol analogues is crystal form I or crystal form II;
  • the X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of the crystal form I represented by Cu-K ⁇ radiation and 2 ⁇ 0.2° diffraction angle is at 6.25°, 8.75°, 9.53°, 12.46°, 13.93°, 16.26°, 17.21, 17.73, 18.69 , 19.81, 20.68, 22.75, 24.13°, 24.99°, 25.77°, 27.07°, 29.66°, 30.78°, 31.82°, 33.11°, 36.14°, 37.69°, 38.90°, 40.37°, 42.53°, 48.76° Has diffraction characteristic peaks;
  • the X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of the crystal form II represented by Cu-K ⁇ radiation and 2 ⁇ 0.2° diffraction angle is at 6.59°, 10.74°, 11.94°, 14.62°, 15.31°, 17.56°, 18.42°, 18.80° , 19.75°, 20.76°, 21.88°, 22.57°, 23.87°, 24.81°, 26.45°, 28.09°, 28.71°, 29.65°, 31.39°, 33.46°, 34.40°, 36.83°, 38.11°, 38.72°, 39.76 °, 41.66°, 43.05°, 46.42°, 47.02°, 47.45° showed diffraction characteristic peaks.
  • the infrared spectrum of the crystal form I has wavenumbers of 3425.78cm -1 , 2961.01cm -1 , 2926.81cm -1 , 1696.67cm -1 , 1633.37cm -1 , 1383.39cm -1 , 1064.12cm -1 , 950.79cm -1 , 524.36 There are characteristic peaks at cm -1 .
  • the infrared spectrum of the crystal form II is 3431.58cm -1 , 2966.56cm -1 , 2931.38cm -1 , 2361.83cm -1 , 1708.24cm -1 , 1634.57cm -1 , 1455.83cm -1 , 1383.93cm -1 , 1068.20 There are characteristic peaks at cm -1 and 550.62cm -1 .
  • a method for preparing a new crystal form of brassinolide sterol analogs comprises the following steps: 1) extracting the crude extract of natural brassinolide analogs from rapeseed pollen; 2) weighing 10- 20 parts of crude extracts of natural brassinolide analogues were dissolved in 20-30 times methanol reagent, and heated to 50-80°C to promote dissolution, to make it completely dissolved, filtered into a test tube while hot, and sealed with a parafilm The hole is cooled and left to stand for volatilization, and the precipitated massive white crystal is the new crystal form I of the brassinosterol analogue;
  • the preparation method of crystal form II comprises the following steps: 1) extracting the crude extract of natural brassinolide analogs from rapeseed pollen; 2) weighing 10 to 20 parts of the crude extracts of natural brassinolide analogs and dissolving them in 75-85 times the toluene reagent, and heated to 50-80°C to promote dissolution, and make it completely dissolved, filtered into a test tube while hot, sealed with a sealing film, pierced the hole, cooled and left to volatilize, and precipitated massive granular white crystals It is the new crystal form II of the brassinosteroid sterol analogue.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a new crystal form of brassinolide sterol analogues.
  • the preparation method of the crude extract is the same as the "Application of Natural Brassinolide Lactone Analogues" No. 201210026285.7, including the following steps: 1) using 80 to 100 % (V/V) ethanol aqueous solution to extract the broken rapeseed pollen, retain the filtrate after solid-liquid separation (optionally wherein the filtrate is further concentrated), and obtain the alcohol-soluble extract; 2) mix the alcohol-soluble extract with 0-60% (V/V V) ethanol aqueous solution is mixed, then add ethyl acetate to extract, keep ethyl acetate layer and add esterase to carry out incomplete reaction, then dry, obtain ester-soluble extract; 3) ester-soluble extract is loaded on silica gel chromatographic column, use The mixed solution of methanol and ethyl acetate is eluted, and the eluate containing natural brassin
  • the present invention provides an application of a brassinolide sterol analogue or a new crystal form thereof in the field of agriculture, preferably in promoting plant growth.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
  • a brassinoid sterol analog and its crystal form provided in the embodiment of the present invention have significant biological activity
  • the method for preparing a new crystal form of brassinolide sterol analogs provided by the embodiment of the present invention improves the purification method of pollen crude extract, and obtains two new crystal forms with high biological activity through recrystallization, which can be applied to Promotes the growth of plants in the field of agriculture.
  • Fig. 1 is the high-resolution mass spectrogram of the brassinolide sterol analog provided by the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the carbon nuclear magnetic spectrum of the new crystal form of the brassinolide sterol analog provided by the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is the powder diffraction pattern of the new crystal form I provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 provides the powder diffraction pattern of new crystal form II for the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is the infrared spectrogram of the new crystal form I provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is the infrared spectrogram of the new crystal form II provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is the TG diagram of the new crystal form I provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is the TG diagram of the new crystal form II provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a DSC chart of the new crystal form I provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a DSC chart of the new crystal form II provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a solubility curve diagram of the new crystal form I in ethanol provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is the solubility curve of the new crystal form II in ethanol provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is the solubility curve of the new crystal form I in water provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a solubility curve of the new crystal form II in water provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • ester-soluble extract is loaded on a silica gel chromatographic column, eluted with a mixture of methanol and ethyl acetate, and the eluate containing natural brassinolide analogs is collected, then dried to obtain natural brassinolide Analog crude extract;
  • ester-soluble extract is loaded on a silica gel chromatographic column, eluted with a mixture of methanol and ethyl acetate, and the eluate containing natural brassinolide analogs is collected, then dried to obtain natural brassinolide Analog crude extract;
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the recrystallization method is different, specifically as follows: Weigh 15g of brassinolide sterol analogue, dissolve it in 0.5L of methanol solution, add 1L of acetonitrile solvent and stir evenly, and seal the hole with a parafilm and let it stand Volatile, about 20 days, although small crystal particles appear on the test tube wall, but it is not suitable for X-ray test.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the recrystallization method is different, as follows: Weigh 5g of brassinolide sterol analogues, dissolve them in 0.5L ethanol solution, filter and let stand for volatilization for a week, the solution turns into a yellow viscous liquid without crystals Precipitate.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the recrystallization method is different, specifically as follows: Weigh 10g of brassinolide sterol analogs, dissolve them in 0.3L of methanol solution, add 0.8L of acetonitrile solvent and stir evenly, filter and place in a long test tube Slowly volatilize, no crystals are precipitated, and after the solvent volatilizes completely, a yellow thick liquid substance remains.
  • the molecular chemical formula of the brassinosteroid sterol analogs of the present invention is C 27 H 46 O 7 , and the chemical name is (20R,22R)-2 ⁇ ,3 ⁇ ,14 ⁇ -14,20,22,25-hexahydroxy-5 ⁇ , 8 ⁇ , 9 ⁇ -cholestan-6-one, its molecular structure is shown below:
  • the XRD diffraction results of the new crystal form I of the present invention as shown in Figure 3, the X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of crystal form I represented by Cu-K ⁇ radiation and 2 ⁇ 0.2° diffraction angle is at 6.25°, 8.75°, 9.53°, 12.46°, 13.93°, 16.26°, 17.21, 17.73, 18.69, 19.81, 20.68, 22.75, 24.13°, 24.99°, 25.77°, 27.07°, 29.66°, 30.78°, 31.82°, 33.11°, 36 .14° , 37.69°, 38.90°, 40.37°, 42.53°, 48.76° showed characteristic diffraction peaks.
  • the XRD diffraction results of the new crystal form II of the present invention as shown in Figure 4, the X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of crystal form II represented by Cu-K ⁇ radiation and 2 ⁇ 0.2° diffraction angle is at 6.59°, 10.74°, 11.94° , 14.62°, 15.31°, 17.56°, 18.42°, 18.80°, 19.75°, 20.76°, 21.88°, 22.57°, 23.87°, 24.81°, 26.45°, 28.09°, 28.71°, 29.65°, 31.39°, 33.46 °, 34.40°, 36.83°, 38.11°, 38.72°, 39.76°, 41.66°, 43.05°, 46.42°, 47.02°, 47.45° showed diffraction characteristic peaks.
  • thermogravimetric curve shows that the compound of the present invention has good stability from room temperature to 280°C.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides the application of the new crystal form I and the new crystal II in promoting plant growth. Specifically, the experiment of promoting Arabidopsis root growth is taken as an example. The steps are as follows:
  • the new crystal form I and the new crystal II of the present invention prepared as a 10 mg/ml mother liquor with absolute ethanol, prepared and used immediately during the experiment).
  • the 7-day-old tobacco seedlings were transplanted and planted in the cultivation room, and the experiment was carried out after 2 days of slowing down the seedlings.
  • the treatment agent was formulated according to the experimental design, the leaves of the tobacco seedlings were evenly sprayed, and each treatment was repeated 3 times, with 2 plants in each repetition, that is, 6 seedlings in each treatment. Chemicals entering the soil affect the experimental results.
  • the RGB AREA_MM parameter value (leaf area/mm 2 ) of tobacco was recorded with a plant phenotype instrument before and 7 days before the medicine, and the leaf area growth rate was calculated to evaluate the growth-promoting effect of the drug.
  • the leaf area growth rate calculation formula is as follows:
  • the growth rate of leaf area of different treatment groups 7 days after drug treatment is shown in Table 3. From the experimental results, it can be seen that 7 days after drug treatment, the new crystal forms I and II of the present invention showed obvious growth-promoting effects at a concentration of 0.003 ppm.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides the application of the new crystal form I in promoting plant growth, specifically taking the experiment of soaking seeds to promote the germination and growth of corn as an example, the steps are as follows:
  • the new crystal form I of the present invention (prepared as a 10mg/ml mother liquor with absolute ethanol, ready for use during experiments).
  • test agent prepares the test agent according to the experimental design, select 20 normal plump corn seeds, put them in the agent, soak the seeds at 26°C for 24 hours, then wash the seeds with clean water, put them in the culture box and put them in a constant temperature incubator for germination
  • the germination temperature was set to 2 periods: 14h light, 28°C, 10h dark, 25°C, and cultured for 7 days. Each treatment was repeated 3 times.
  • 5 ml of clear water was regularly added with a pipette at 9 o'clock every day to keep the culture box moist. After 7 days, the germination rate was counted, the shoot length and root length were measured, and the root vigor and bud vigor were calculated.
  • Germination rate germinated number of treated seeds/treated total number of seeds*100% on the 7th day
  • Bud vigor index germination rate on the 7th day*the seedling bud length on the 7th day;
  • Root vitality index germination rate on the 7th day * root length of the seedlings on the 7th day.
  • the new crystal form I of the present invention has an effect of promoting germination on corn compared with the clean water control at a concentration of 0.03 ppm. From the perspective of root and bud vitality index, the new crystal form I of the present invention has the effect of improving the root vitality index and bud vitality index, and the new crystal form I of the present invention at a concentration of 0.03ppm has the best effect, which is obviously better than the control CK.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides the application of the new crystal form II in promoting plant stress resistance.
  • the cold resistance experiment of tobacco is taken as an example. The steps are as follows:
  • the new crystal form II of the present invention (prepared as a 10 mg/ml mother solution with absolute ethanol, ready for use during experiments).
  • the leaves of the tobacco seedlings were evenly sprayed in the morning, and each treatment was repeated 3 times, and each repetition was 2 plants, that is, a total of 6 seedlings for each treatment.
  • cold injury (4°C) treatment was performed, and other conditions remained the same as during normal cultivation.
  • the chlorophyll fluorescence QY-max parameter value (theoretical maximum photosynthetic capacity) and Fv/Fm (maximum light quantum yield of PSII) were recorded with a plant phenotype instrument before drug treatment, 6h, 24h of low temperature treatment and 24h of recovery at room temperature (25°C). ).
  • QY-max represents the theoretical maximum photosynthetic capacity of plants, and the smaller the reduction rate, the better the plant's low temperature resistance.
  • Fv/Fm-lss represents the maximum photon yield of PSII, similar to QY-max, the smaller the decrease rate, the better the plant's low temperature resistance. It can be seen from Table 7 that QY-max and Fv/Fm-lss decrease in each treatment after 6 hours of low-temperature treatment, and the decrease rate of QY-max and Fv/Fm-lss of the new crystal form II of the present invention at a concentration of 0.03ppm is significantly lower than that of Water control.
  • Table 8 shows the rate of change of QY-max and Fv/Fm-lss between treatments after 24 hours of low-temperature treatment. It can be seen that with the prolongation of low-temperature time, the differences among treatments gradually decrease. Afterwards, each treatment was placed at room temperature (25°C) for recovery. As shown in Figure 9, after 24 hours of recovery, the recovery effect of the new crystal form II at each concentration was better than that of the water control, and the effect was the best when the concentration was 0.03ppm. In summary, the new crystal form II of the present invention has the activity of anti-low temperature.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种新的芸苔素甾醇类似物、新晶型及其制备方法与应用，所述芸苔素甾醇类似物的化学式为C27H46O7，化学命名为(20R,22R)-2β,3β,14α-14,20,22,25-六羟基-5β,8α,9α-胆甾-6-酮，结构式如aa所示：本发明通过对天然提取的芸苔素甾醇类似物的重结晶工艺进行改进，能够得到一种高生物活性的新晶型，能够应用在农业领域促进植物的生长。

Description

一种新的芸苔素甾醇类似物、新晶型及其制备方法与应用 技术领域
本发明涉及农用化学技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种新的芸苔素甾醇类似物、新晶型及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
上世纪30年代，美国农业部(USDA)研究人员发现植物花粉提取物能促进植物生长。美国科学家Mitchell于1970年首先提出油菜素(Brassins)的概念，这种来源于油菜花粉提取物的未知成分在极低浓度下就能有效促进植物茎伸长和细胞***。随后，1979年科学家Grove从油菜花粉中提取到具有油菜素活性的化合物并通过X-射线单晶衍射分析确定其化学结构式，命名为芸苔素内酯(Brassinolide，BL)。芸苔素甾醇具有多种独特的调节植物生长的生理活性，与已知的生长素、细胞***素、赤霉素、脱落酸、乙烯等植物生长调节剂相比，生物活性更强，使用量更低，安全性更高，在农业上增产增收的效果更好。
天然芸苔素甾醇是一类内酯类化合物及其甾醇类似物的统称，除已经鉴定的BL外，人们陆续发现了超过60种不同的天然结构，统称为油菜素甾醇或芸苔素甾醇(Brassinosteroids，BRs)。本公司对天然芸苔素甾醇有着20多年的研究历史，开发了一系列从天然原料中提取天然芸苔素甾醇的制备工艺，在201210026285.7号《天然芸苔素内酯类似物的应用》中我们分离得到了不同结构的天然芸苔素甾醇类似物(BR1～BR6)，本申请在此基础上通过不断的深入开发和持续研究，发现了一个新的天然芸苔素甾醇类似物结构。
化合物多晶型现象是指药物活性成分在结晶的过程中可以形成两种或者两种以上的分子组装模式，多晶型的出现是结晶热力学和分子识别过程中动力学竞争的结果。结晶过程中，由于结晶条件的变化，例如：溶剂组成、温度、浓度、过饱和度、pH值、搅拌速度、杂质等都会导致晶体内部质点元的构型、构象发生变化，或者相互之间的结合方式和作用力改变，都可以使晶体出现不同的晶胞参数和空间群，从而形成多晶型现象。一般来讲，一种化合物都会存在多种晶型，然而并不是所有制备的晶型都具有生物活性，因此筛选优势晶型非常重要。本申请在201210026285.7号《天然芸苔素内酯类似物的应用》专利的基础上，对花粉粗提物采用不同的重结晶方式得到了两个新晶体，两个新晶体均具有显著的生物活性。
有鉴于此，特提出本申请。
发明内容
本发明提供一种新的芸苔素甾醇类似物、新晶型及其制备方法与应用，通过对提取的天 然芸苔素甾醇类似物进行重结晶条件改进和优化，能够得到一种生物活性显著提高的芸苔素甾醇类似物及新晶型。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现：
一种芸苔素甾醇类似物，所述芸苔素甾醇类似物的化学式为C 27H 46O 7，化学命名为(20R,22R)-2β,3β,14α-14,20,22,25-六羟基-5β,8α,9α-胆甾-6-酮，结构式如下所示：
Figure PCTCN2022083659-appb-000001
所述芸苔素甾醇类似物的核磁碳谱数据如下： 13C NMR(100MHz,C5D5N):δ212.07,83.72,77.36,76.68,70.27,69.37,67.18,51.45,50.05,49.44,47.79,43.42,42.39,41.55,41.41,40.14,39.46,34.16,31.46,29.89,29.76,27.48,27.29,21.35,20.93,18.96,18.84。
一种芸苔素甾醇类似物的新晶型，所述新晶型为晶型Ⅰ或者晶型Ⅱ；
所述晶型Ⅰ以Cu-Kα辐射、2θ±0.2°衍射角表示的X-射线粉末衍射光谱图在6.25°、8.75°、9.53°、12.46°、13.93°、16.26°、17.21、17.73、18.69、19.81、20.68、22.75、24.13°、24.99°、25.77°、27.07°、29.66°、30.78°、31.82°、33.11°、36.14°、37.69°、38.90°、40.37°、42.53°、48.76°处显示有衍射特征峰；
所述晶型Ⅱ以Cu-Kα辐射、2θ±0.2°衍射角表示的X-射线粉末衍射光谱图在6.59°、10.74°、11.94°、14.62°、15.31°、17.56°、18.42°、18.80°、19.75°、20.76°、21.88°、22.57°、23.87°、24.81°、26.45°、28.09°、28.71°、29.65°、31.39°、33.46°、34.40°、36.83°、38.11°、38.72°、39.76°、41.66°、43.05°、46.42°、47.02°、47.45°处显示有衍射特征峰。
晶型Ⅰ的红外光谱在波数为3425.78cm -1、2961.01cm -1、2926.81cm -1、1696.67cm -1、1633.37cm -1、1383.39cm -1、1064.12cm -1、950.79cm -1、524.36cm -1处有特征峰。
晶型Ⅱ的红外光谱在波数为3431.58cm -1、2966.56cm -1、2931.38cm -1、2361.83cm -1、1708.24cm -1、1634.57cm -1、1455.83cm -1、1383.93cm -1、1068.20cm -1、550.62cm -1处有特征峰。
一种芸苔素甾醇类似物新晶型的制备方法，晶型Ⅰ的制备方法包括如下步骤：1)从油菜花粉中提取天然芸苔素内酯类似物粗提物；2)称量10～20份天然芸苔素内酯类似物粗提物溶解在20～30倍甲醇试剂，并加热温度到50～80℃促进溶解，使其溶解完全，趁热过滤至试 管中，并用封口膜密封扎孔冷却静置挥发，析出的块状白色晶体即为芸苔素甾醇类似物新晶型Ⅰ；
晶型Ⅱ的制备方法包括如下步骤：1)从油菜花粉中提取天然芸苔素内酯类似物粗提物；2)称量10～20份天然芸苔素内酯类似物粗提物溶解在75～85倍甲苯试剂，并加热温度到50～80℃促进溶解，并使其溶解完全，趁热过滤至试管中，并用封口膜密封扎孔冷却静置挥发，析出的块状颗粒状白色晶体即为芸苔素甾醇类似物新晶型Ⅱ。
本发明提供一种芸苔素甾醇类似物新晶型的制备方法，粗提物的制备方法同201210026285.7号《天然芸苔素内酯类似物的应用》，包括如下步骤：1)用80～100％(V/V)乙醇水溶液提取破碎的油菜花粉，固液分离后保留滤液(任选其中滤液进一步浓缩)，获得醇溶性提取液；2)将醇溶性提取液与0～60％(V/V)乙醇水溶液混合，然后加入乙酸乙酯萃取，保留乙酸乙酯层并加入酯酶进行不完全反应，然后干燥，获得酯溶性提取物；3)酯溶性提取物上样于硅胶色谱柱，用甲醇和乙酸乙酯的混和液洗脱，收集含有天然芸苔素内酯类似物的洗脱液，然后干燥，获得天然芸苔素内酯类似物粗提物。
本发明提供一种芸苔素甾醇类似物或其新晶型在农业领域的应用，优选为在促进植物生长方面的应用。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下的优点和有益效果：
1、本发明实施例提供的一种芸苔素甾醇类似物及其晶型，具有显著的生物活性；
2、本发明实施例提供的一种芸苔素甾醇类似物新晶型的制备方法，对花粉粗提物纯化方法进行改进，通过重结晶得到了两个高生物活性的新晶型，能够应用在农业领域促进植物的生长。
1、附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明示例性实施方式的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的芸苔素甾醇类似物高分辨质谱图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的芸苔素甾醇类似物新晶型的核磁碳谱；
图3为本发明实施例提供新晶型Ⅰ的粉末衍射图；
图4为本发明实施例提供新晶型Ⅱ的粉末衍射图
图5为本发明实施例提供新晶型Ⅰ的红外光谱图；
图6为本发明实施例提供新晶型Ⅱ的红外光谱图；
图7为本发明实施例提供新晶型Ⅰ的TG图；
图8为本发明实施例提供新晶型Ⅱ的TG图；
图9为本发明实施例提供新晶型Ⅰ的DSC图；
图10为本发明实施例提供新晶型Ⅱ的DSC图；
图11为本发明实施例提供新晶型Ⅰ在乙醇中的溶解度曲线图；
图12为本发明实施例提供新晶型Ⅱ在乙醇中的溶解度曲线图；
图13为本发明实施例提供新晶型Ⅰ在水中的溶解度曲线图；
图14为本发明实施例提供新晶型Ⅱ在水中的溶解度曲线图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合实施例和附图，对本发明作进一步的详细说明，本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明仅用于解释本发明，并不作为对本发明的限定。
在以下描述中，为了提供对本发明的透彻理解阐述了大量特定细节。然而，对于本领域普通技术人员显而易见的是：不必采用这些特定细节来实行本本发明。在其他实施例中，为了避免混淆本发明，未具体描述公知的方法。
在整个说明书中，对“一个实施例”、“实施例”、“一个示例”或“示例”的提及意味着：结合该实施例或示例描述的特定特征、结构或特性被包含在本本发明至少一个实施例中。因此，在整个说明书的各个地方出现的短语“一个实施例”、“实施例”、“一个示例”或“示例”不一定都指同一实施例或示例。此外，可以以任何适当的组合和、或子组合将特定的特征或特性组合在一个或多个实施例或示例中。此外，本领域普通技术人员应当理解，在此提供的示图都是为了说明的目的，并且示图不一定是按比例绘制的。这里使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关列出的项目的任何和所有组合。
实施例1
本发明实施例提供的一种芸苔素甾醇类似物新晶型Ⅰ的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1、天然芸苔素内酯类似物粗提物的提取方法
1)用80～100％(V/V)乙醇水溶液提取破碎的油菜花粉，固液分离后保留滤液(任选其中滤液进一步浓缩)，获得醇溶性提取液；
2)将醇溶性提取液与0～60％(V/V)乙醇水溶液混合，然后加入乙酸乙酯萃取，保留乙 酸乙酯层并加入酯酶进行不完全反应，然后干燥，获得酯溶性提取物；
3)酯溶性提取物上样于硅胶色谱柱，用甲醇和乙酸乙酯的混和液洗脱，收集含有天然芸苔素内酯类似物的洗脱液，然后干燥，获得天然芸苔素内酯类似物粗提物；
2、芸苔素甾醇类似物新晶型Ⅰ的重结晶方法
称量10g步骤1提取的天然芸苔素内酯类似物粗提物溶解在20～30倍甲醇试剂，并加热温度到50～80℃促进溶解，并使其溶解完全，趁热过滤至试管中，并用封口膜密封扎孔冷却静置挥发，5天左右析出块状的白色晶体即为新晶型Ⅰ。
本发明实施例提供的一种芸苔素甾醇类似物新晶型Ⅱ的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1、天然芸苔素内酯类似物粗提物的提取方法
1)用80～100％(V/V)乙醇水溶液提取破碎的油菜花粉，固液分离后保留滤液(任选其中滤液进一步浓缩)，获得醇溶性提取液；
2)将醇溶性提取液与0～60％(V/V)乙醇水溶液混合，然后加入乙酸乙酯萃取，保留乙酸乙酯层并加入酯酶进行不完全反应，然后干燥，获得酯溶性提取物；
3)酯溶性提取物上样于硅胶色谱柱，用甲醇和乙酸乙酯的混和液洗脱，收集含有天然芸苔素内酯类似物的洗脱液，然后干燥，获得天然芸苔素内酯类似物粗提物；
2、芸苔素甾醇类似物新晶型Ⅱ的重结晶方法
称量10g步骤1提取的天然芸苔素内酯类似物粗提物溶解在75～85倍甲苯试剂，并加热温度到50～80℃促进溶解，并使其溶解完全，趁热过滤至试管中，并用封口膜密封扎孔冷却静置挥发，10天左右析出的块状颗粒状白色晶体即为新晶型Ⅱ。
对比例1
与实施例1的区别在于：重结晶方法不同，具体如下：称取15g芸苔素甾醇类似物，溶解在0.5L甲醇溶液中，再加入1L乙腈溶剂搅拌均匀，并用封口膜密封扎孔静置挥发，20天左右，试管壁虽然出现较小晶体颗粒，但是却不适合做X-ray测试。
对比例2
与实施例1的区别在于：重结晶方法不同，具体如下：称取5g芸苔素甾醇类似物，溶解在0.5L乙醇溶液中，过滤静置挥发一周，溶液转变成黄色粘稠液体，无晶体析出。
对比例3
与实施例1的区别在于：重结晶方法不同，具体如下：称取10g芸苔素甾醇类似物，溶解在0.3L甲醇溶液中，再加入0.8L乙腈溶剂搅拌均匀，过滤后置于长试管中缓慢挥发，无 晶体析出，待溶剂挥发完全，仍剩下黄色的稠状液体物质。
对比例1-对比例3采用的重结晶体系与方法与本发明实施例1提供的重结晶方法不同，从结果可以看出，对比例1-对比例3均无法析出本发明的晶体。
对实施例1获得的两种白色晶体进行XRD、红外光谱、氢谱和碳谱检测确定其结构式，并通过TG和DSC对晶体的热稳定性进行测试，得出如下结果：
1、本发明的芸苔素甾醇类似物的分子化学式均为C 27H 46O 7，化学命名为(20R,22R)-2β,3β,14α-14,20,22,25-六羟基-5β，8α，9α-胆甾-6-酮，其分子结构图如下所示：
Figure PCTCN2022083659-appb-000002
2、本发明芸苔素甾醇类似物的高分辨质谱结果，如图1所示，化合物的加钠分子量为505.31314，分子式为C 27H 46O 7+Na。
3、本发明芸苔素甾醇类似物的核磁碳谱结果，如图2所示，数据如下： 13C NMR(100MHz,C5D5N):δ212.07,83.72,77.36,76.68,70.27,69.37,67.18,51.45,50.05,49.44,47.79,43.42,42.39,41.55,41.41,40.14,39.46,34.16,31.46,29.89,29.76,27.48,27.29,21.35,20.93,18.96,18.84.
4、本发明新晶型Ⅰ的XRD衍射结果，如图3所示，晶型Ⅰ以Cu-Kα辐射、2θ±0.2°衍射角表示的X-射线粉末衍射光谱图在6.25°、8.75°、9.53°、12.46°、13.93°、16.26°、17.21、17.73、18.69、19.81、20.68、22.75、24.13°、24.99°、25.77°、27.07°、29.66°、30.78°、31.82°、33.11°、36.14°、37.69°、38.90°、40.37°、42.53°、48.76°处显示有衍射特征峰。
本发明新晶型Ⅱ的XRD衍射结果，如图4所示，晶型Ⅱ以Cu-Kα辐射、2θ±0.2°衍射角表示的X-射线粉末衍射光谱图在6.59°、10.74°、11.94°、14.62°、15.31°、17.56°、18.42°、18.80°、19.75°、20.76°、21.88°、22.57°、23.87°、24.81°、26.45°、28.09°、28.71°、29.65°、31.39°、33.46°、34.40°、36.83°、38.11°、38.72°、39.76°、41.66°、43.05°、46.42°、47.02°、47.45°处显示有衍射特征峰。
5、本发明新晶型Ⅰ的红外光谱图结果，如图5所示，本发明新晶型Ⅰ的红外光谱显示在3425.78cm -1、2961.01cm -1、2926.81cm -1、1696.67cm -1、1633.37cm -1、1383.39cm -1、1064.12cm -1、950.79cm -1、524.36cm -1处有特征峰。
本发明新晶型Ⅱ的红外光谱图结果，如图6所示，本发明晶型Ⅱ的红外光谱在显示在3431.58cm -1、2966.56cm -1、2931.38cm -1、2361.83cm -1、1708.24cm -1、1634.57cm -1、1455.83cm -1、1383.93cm -1、1068.20cm -1、550.62cm -1处有特征峰。
6、本发明新晶型Ⅰ的TG结果，如图7所示，热重曲线表明本发明的化合物在室温到280℃均具有很好的稳定性。
本发明新晶型Ⅱ的TG结果，如图8所示，热重曲线表明本发明的化合物在室温到260℃均具有很好的稳定性。
7、本发明新晶型Ⅰ的DSC结果，如图9所示，图谱中存在物理干扰的2个放热峰，峰位置分别在76℃、410℃。
本发明新晶型Ⅱ的DSC结果，如图10所示，图谱中存在物理干扰的2个放热峰，峰位置分别在116℃、410℃。
实施例2
本发明实施例1提供的新晶型的稳定性和溶解性研究
1、稳定性研究
取适量晶型Ⅰ和晶型Ⅱ，分别放置在80±2℃高温环境中进行稳定性实验，实验结果入下表1所示，从结果可以看出，本发明在高温环境下很稳定，不会出现晶型变化。
表1本发明新晶体的稳定性结果
Figure PCTCN2022083659-appb-000003
2、溶解度研究
(1)分别称取50mg晶型Ⅰ和晶型Ⅱ在试管中，在不同温度下缓慢滴加乙醇，边滴边振动，直至完全溶解，称重记录下总质量，并换算成体积，表示为mg/mL，实验结果如图11和图12所示；
(2)分别称取50mg晶型Ⅱ和晶型Ⅲ在试管中，在不同温度下缓慢滴加水，边滴边振动，直至完全溶解，称重记录下总质量，并换算成体积，表示为mg/mL，实验结果如图13和图14所示。
从结果可以看出晶型Ⅰ和晶型Ⅱ在乙醇与水中均有良好的溶解度。
实施例3
本发明实施例提供新晶型Ⅰ和新晶Ⅱ在促进植物生长方面的应用，具体的以促拟南芥根生长实验为例，步骤如下：
1、实验样品：
本发明新晶型Ⅰ和新晶Ⅱ(用无水乙醇配制为10mg/ml的母液，实验时现配现用)。
2、实验设计：
表2药剂浓度设计
Figure PCTCN2022083659-appb-000004
3、实验方法：
将7天苗龄烟草幼苗在培养室内进行移栽定植，缓苗2天后进行试验。处理药剂按照实验设计配制后对烟草幼苗叶片进行均匀喷施，每个处理3次重复，每个重复2株，即每个处理6株幼苗，喷施时以药液不滴落为宜，防止药剂进入土壤影响实验结果。分别于药前和7天用植物表型仪记录烟草的RGB AREA_MM参数值(叶面积/mm 2)，计算叶面积增长率评价药剂的促长效果，叶面积增长率计算公式如下：
增长率(％)＝(叶面积终-叶面积初)×100％/叶面积初
4、实验结果：
药后7天不同处理组叶面积增长率如表3，从实验结果可以看出，药后7天，本发明新晶型Ⅰ和Ⅱ在0.003ppm浓度下均表现出明显的促生长效果。
表3不同处理组烟草促长测定结果
Figure PCTCN2022083659-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2022083659-appb-000006
实施例4
本发明实施例提供新晶型Ⅰ在促进植物生长方面的应用，具体的以浸种促玉米萌发和生长实验为例，步骤如下：
1、实验样品：
本发明新晶型Ⅰ(用无水乙醇配制为10mg/ml的母液，实验时现配现用)。
2、实验设计：
表4药剂浓度设计
Figure PCTCN2022083659-appb-000007
3、实验方法：
首先将试验药剂按照实验设计配制备用，选取正常饱满玉米种子20粒，置于药剂中，26℃浸种处理24h，然后用清水将种子洗净，置于培养盒中放入恒温培养箱中进行催芽培养，发芽温度设置为2个时段∶14h光照、28℃，10h黑暗、25℃，培养7天。每个处理重复3次，在整个试验过程中，每天9点定时利用移液枪添加5ml清水，以保持培养盒湿润。7d后统计发芽率，测量芽长、根长，计算根活力和芽活力。
发芽率＝第7天处理种子萌发数/处理种子总数*100％；
芽活力指数＝第7天发芽率*第7天的幼苗芽长；
根活力指数＝第7天发芽率*第7天的幼苗根长。
4、实验结果：
各处理组对玉米种子萌发和生长的影响测定结果如表5所示，从实验结果可以看出，本发明新晶型Ⅰ在0.03ppm浓度下与清水对照相比对玉米具有促明发效果。从根、芽活力指数 上看，本发明新晶型Ⅰ有提升根活力指数和芽活力指数的作用，其中0.03ppm浓度下的本发明新晶型Ⅰ作用效果最佳，明显优于对照CK。
表5不同处理组对玉米萌发和生长影响测定结果
Figure PCTCN2022083659-appb-000008
实施例5
本发明实施例提供新晶型Ⅱ在促进植物抗逆方面的应用，具体的以促烟草抗寒实验为例，步骤如下：
1、实验样品：
本发明新晶型Ⅱ(用无水乙醇配制为10mg/ml的母液，实验时现配现用)。
2、实验设计：
表6药剂浓度设计
Figure PCTCN2022083659-appb-000009
3、实验方法：
处理药剂按照表6配制后，当天上午对烟草幼苗叶片进行均匀喷施，每个处理3次重复，每个重复2株，即每个处理共6株幼苗，以药液不滴落为宜，缓苗1天后进行冷害(4℃)处理，其他条件保持同正常培养期间一样的生长条件。分别于药前、低温处理6h、24h及常温(25℃)恢复24h后用植物表型仪记录烟草的叶绿素荧光QY-max参数值(理论最大光合能力)和Fv/Fm(PSⅡ的最大光量子产量)。
4、实验结果：
QY-max表示植物理论最大光合能力，其降低率越小表示植物的抗低温效果越好。Fv/Fm-lss表示PSⅡ的最大光量子产量，与QY-max类似，其降低率越小表示植物的抗低温效果越好。从表7中可以看到低温处理6h后各处理QY-max和Fv/Fm-lss出现降低，本发明新晶型Ⅱ在0.03ppm浓度下QY-max和Fv/Fm-lss降低率明显低于清水对照。表8为低温处理 24h后各处理间QY-max和Fv/Fm-lss变化率，可以看到随着低温时间的延长，各处理间差异逐渐减小。之后将各处理放置在常温(25℃)下进行恢复，如图9可以看到恢复24h后各浓度下新晶型Ⅱ恢复效果均优于清水对照，其中浓度为0.03ppm时效果最好。综上，本发明新晶型Ⅱ具有抗低温的生活活性。
表7低温处理6h测定结果
Figure PCTCN2022083659-appb-000010
表8低温处理24h测定结果
Figure PCTCN2022083659-appb-000011
表9常温恢复24h测定结果
Figure PCTCN2022083659-appb-000012
以上所述的具体实施方式，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种芸苔素甾醇类似物，其特征在于，所述芸苔素甾醇类似物的化学式为C 27H 46O 7，化学命名为(20R,22R)-2β,3β,14α-14,20,22,25-六羟基-5β，8α，9α-胆甾-6-酮，结构式如下所示：
    Figure PCTCN2022083659-appb-100001
  2. 一种如权利要求1所述芸苔素甾醇类似物的新晶型，其特征在于，所述新晶型为晶型Ⅰ或者晶型Ⅱ；所述晶型Ⅰ以Cu-Kα辐射、2θ±0.2°衍射角表示的X-射线粉末衍射光谱图在6.25°、8.75°、9.53°、12.46°、13.93°、16.26°、17.21、17.73、18.69、19.81、20.68、22.75、24.13°、24.99°、25.77°、27.07°、29.66°、30.78°、31.82°、33.11°、36.14°、37.69°、38.90°、40.37°、42.53°、48.76°处显示有衍射特征峰；所述晶型Ⅱ以Cu-Kα辐射、2θ±0.2°衍射角表示的X-射线粉末衍射光谱图在6.59°、10.74°、11.94°、14.62°、15.31°、17.56°、18.42°、18.80°、19.75°、20.76°、21.88°、22.57°、23.87°、24.81°、26.45°、28.09°、28.71°、29.65°、31.39°、33.46°、34.40°、36.83°、38.11°、38.72°、39.76°、41.66°、43.05°、46.42°、47.02°、47.45°处显示有衍射特征峰。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的芸苔素甾醇类似物新晶型，其特征在于，晶型Ⅰ的红外光谱在波数为3425.78cm -1、2961.01cm -1、2926.81cm -1、1696.67cm -1、1633.37cm -1、1064.12cm -1处有特征峰。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的芸苔素甾醇类似物新晶型，其特征在于，晶型Ⅱ的红外光谱在波数为3431.58cm -1、2966.56cm -1、1708.24cm -1、1634.57cm -1、1383.93cm -1、1068.20cm -1处有特征峰。
  5. 一种如权利要求2-4任一所述的芸苔素甾醇类似物新晶型的制备方法，其特征在于，晶型Ⅰ的制备方法包括如下步骤：1)从油菜花粉中提取天然芸苔素内酯类似物粗提物；2)称量10～20份天然芸苔素内酯类似物粗提物溶解在20～30倍甲醇试剂，并加热促进溶解，使其溶解完全，趁热过滤至试管中，并用封口膜密封扎孔冷却静置挥发，析出的块状白色晶体即为芸苔素甾醇类似物新晶型Ⅰ。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的芸苔素甾醇类似物新晶型的制备方法，其特征在于，晶型Ⅱ的制备方法包括如下步骤：1)从油菜花粉中提取天然芸苔素内酯类似物粗提物；2)称量10～20 份天然芸苔素内酯类似物粗提物溶解在75～85倍甲苯试剂，并加热温度促进溶解，使其溶解完全，趁热过滤至试管中，并用封口膜密封扎孔冷却静置挥发，析出的块状颗粒状白色晶体即为芸苔素甾醇类似物新晶型Ⅱ。
  7. 如权利要求1所述芸苔素甾醇类似物或权利要求2-4任一所述新晶型在农业领域的应用。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的芸苔素甾醇类似物或其新晶型在农业领域的应用，其特征在于，在促进植物生长方面的应用。
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