WO2023108245A1 - Method for re-using synthetic textile waste to produce continuous yarn - Google Patents

Method for re-using synthetic textile waste to produce continuous yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023108245A1
WO2023108245A1 PCT/BR2022/050503 BR2022050503W WO2023108245A1 WO 2023108245 A1 WO2023108245 A1 WO 2023108245A1 BR 2022050503 W BR2022050503 W BR 2022050503W WO 2023108245 A1 WO2023108245 A1 WO 2023108245A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
yarn
polyester
pes
waste
textile waste
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/BR2022/050503
Other languages
French (fr)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Ricardo Rodrigo Ramos CECCI
Reynel Martínez CASTELLANOS
André Luis Dos Santos DA SILVA
João Carlos Oleksinski DE ANDRADES
Treudi Feldens DE ANDRADES
Original Assignee
Indústria E Comércio De Confecções Bella Moda Ltda.
Serviço Nacional De Aprendizagem Industrial (Senai) - Centro De Tecnologia Da Indústria Química E Têxtil (Cetiqt)
Serviço Nacional De Aprendizagem Industrial - Departamento Regional Do Rio Grande Do Sul - Senai/Rs
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Application filed by Indústria E Comércio De Confecções Bella Moda Ltda., Serviço Nacional De Aprendizagem Industrial (Senai) - Centro De Tecnologia Da Indústria Química E Têxtil (Cetiqt), Serviço Nacional De Aprendizagem Industrial - Departamento Regional Do Rio Grande Do Sul - Senai/Rs filed Critical Indústria E Comércio De Confecções Bella Moda Ltda.
Publication of WO2023108245A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023108245A1/en

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01GPRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G11/00Disintegrating fibre-containing articles to obtain fibres for re-use
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02GCRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02JFINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J13/00Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/66Disintegrating fibre-containing textile articles to obtain fibres for re-use

Definitions

  • the present invention is inserted in the field of application of textiles, more specifically, in the reuse of synthetic textile waste, originated in the confection process, aiming at the formation of new thread through the process of recycling by melting.
  • the carpet includes: a primary backing having a face and a back surface; a plurality of fibers attached to the primary support and extending from the face of the primary support and exposed on the rear surface of the primary support; an adhesive composition holder; and an optional secondary backing adjacent to the adhesive backing.
  • the method of making carpet includes extrusion coating the adhesive composition onto the back surface of a primary backing to form the backing of the adhesive composition.
  • the carpet recycling method can recover one or more polymeric components of the carpet.
  • Document US20210060821 (Regeneration. 2018) refers to a method for the production of textile articles, in which textile articles can be disassembled automatically or semi-automatically because they are made from a polymer melt yarn, and in the which the dismantling of the article produced is done by heating the article or yarn to a temperature equal to or greater than the melting temperature, at which the stitches are released.
  • Document US10501599 (Giro. 2019) describes systems and methods involving a subcritical water reaction to recycle the cellulose and polyester components of waste cotton and cotton/polyester blend textiles that would otherwise be discarded. Specifically, the disclosed methods provide for the treatment of textile waste to produce advanced materials including cellulose and terephthalic acid (TA) with a low environmental impact. The cellulose and TA produced are of high quality, allowing the production of regenerated cellulose and regenerated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) suitable for fiber spinning and textile applications.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • Document CN108641 120 presents a method and system for recycling polyester textile waste.
  • waste is added with ethylene glycol and stirred.
  • the pre-treated textile is placed in the alcoholysis boiler, and ethylene glycol is added again, taking place an alcoholysis reaction catalyzed by zinc acetate.
  • Crude ethylene glycol terephthalate undergoes purification processes to obtain refined ethylene glycol terephthalate.
  • the refined ethylene glycol terephthalate is placed in a prepolymerization boiler and the catalyst is added.
  • the final polymerization reaction is carried out, the polymer is discharged again by melt pump and in this way recycled polyester is obtained.
  • the document JP2001190317 (Miyata, Takeo. 2000) describes a method of recycling polyester, mainly from PET bottles, for the manufacture of bags that can be made from a recovered non-woven polyester. In these bags, continuous production is carried out using ultrasonic melting instead of the commonly used heat melting.
  • the polyester non-woven fabric which is weak to melting by heat, it has better processability when the ultrasonic melting technique is performed. In the case of virgin polyester non-woven fabric, thermal melting can be used, but also recycled PET can be blended due to heat history (repeated heating and cooling in the production of the original product).
  • Document CN105803585 (Hubei. 2016) describes a textile polyester recycling process from cutting, washing, drying, compacting, melt extrusion, homogenization and viscosity adjustment processes for the production of new filaments via extrusion.
  • Document CN106279755 (Ningbo. 2016) describes a process for the production of multifilaments from scraps of polyester fabrics with polyurethane. Polyurethane is removed from polyester by alcoholysis processes. The polyester is extruded at temperatures between 275-300°C and after extrusion, the polyester is placed in a device, at temperatures between 280 and 295°C, to adjust the viscosity.
  • Document CN110093018 (Fujian. 2019) describes a method of recycling polyester textile scraps for the production of blends with polyolefins.
  • the blends are prepared by extrusion, resulting in pellets.
  • a compatibilizing agent, impact modifier, antioxidants and extrusion lubricants are added to the textile polyester residue.
  • Document CN108396392 (Haiyan Haili. 2018) describes a method for producing multifilaments by extrusion from polyester textile trimmings. The process involves the initial treatment of textile residues, removing impurities, cutting them into smaller pieces and removing accessories (zippers, buttons, etc.) from the shavings. The material is extruded at temperatures between 260 and 320°C during filament production. The resulting filament has a diameter between 1 and 3 dtex.
  • Document WO2020252523 (Blocktexx. 2020) describes a system and process for separating and recycling mixed fabrics of polyester and cotton. The first stage is related to the cutting and grinding of textile shavings. The crushed material is added to a hot aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, where the material goes through different chemical processes to separate cotton and polyester. The polyester fraction is extruded, with the addition of chain extenders and thermal stabilizers, and subsequently pelletized.
  • Document CN106283228 (Ningbo Data. 2016) describes a process for removing polyurethane from polyester textile shavings and the use of polyester for the production of multifilaments.
  • the removal of polyurethane is carried out through alcoholysis processes.
  • the solution is added to an extruder, where the filaments are produced.
  • WO201 7019802 (Evrnu Spc. 2015) describes a chemical process for separating cotton from polyester in mixed fabrics. The process involves a pre-treatment of mixed fabrics, with the solubilization of the cotton fraction and subsequent extrusion of the polyester fraction into multifilaments.
  • Document CN1 10229476A describes the chemical recycling of polyester textile waste, where the polyester is depolymerized, filtered and purified to be polymerized again in polyester and used in the preparation of blends with polyamide 6 via extrusion, in the presence of compatible agents.
  • Document CN105199138 (Plastic Union. 2019) describes a process for recycling polyester composition fabrics and polyurethane, where the shavings are initially crushed into smaller pieces, washed and dried under vacuum, and later mixed with grafted styrene copolymer with maleic anhydride in an extruder to produce pellets. These pellets are transformed into artifacts by injection molding.
  • Document JP2004042385 (Fuji Heavy. 2002) describes a method for recycling polyester textile waste.
  • the textile shavings are previously pulverized into smaller pieces for mixing in a twin-screw extruder with virgin polyester and subsequent granulation.
  • the same document describes the same process for polypropylene textile waste.
  • Document CN107056165 (Julin. 2017) describes a process for recycling used garments into new materials for thermal insulation. First, the process involves separating the parts according to the type of material. The polyester parts are washed, rinsed and dried for later use. The dry polyester fiber is melted in an extruder and granulated for later transformation into a polyester fiber powder, which is mixed with other materials to form thermal insulation blankets.
  • Document WO20201 54489 (Purlin. 2020) describes the process of recycling textile polyester fibers for the production of nonwovens. Polyester waste is purified, sterilized and extruded into multifilaments that can be reused for the production of nonwovens, textiles and other transformation processes.
  • Document CN110273197 (Fuqing. 2019) describes a method of recycling polyester filaments from textile waste to produce new filaments. The process involves grinding the shavings into smaller pieces. These pieces are heated until they reach the molten state, where they are filtered to remove impurities in order to obtain, at the end of the process, a semi-finished granulated material. The granulated material is added to a depolymerization reactor and then polymerized again by polycondensation. Chain extenders, esterifying agents and color masterbatches are added to a twin screw extruder for subsequent transformation into multifilaments.
  • Document CN109763227 (Xinchang. 2019) describes a textile waste recycling process for the production of multifunctional fabrics interwoven with polyester filaments. Recycled polyester is used to produce filaments in a bl-component extruder in the presence of virgin polyester or PBT.
  • Document KR20100087578 (Woonglin. 2009) describes a process for producing recycled polyester fibers from the melting of polyester fibers, films, preforms or bottles.
  • the recycled polyester is mixed with virgin resin to produce multifilaments by extrusion.
  • thermokinetic mixer which mixes the material at high speeds, increasing the temperature through friction and melting the material, giving rise to a molten mass, which will then be crushed in a knife mill, generating pellets.
  • the recycling process in a thermokinetic mixer does not involve electrical or oil heating of the mixing chamber and molten material, generating energy savings and shorter machine setup times.
  • the pellets are the raw material for the production of recycled yarn through the extrusion process.
  • the object of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn obtained, where it is possible to reuse synthetic textile waste with the addition of virgin polymer (PBT or PESv), allowing a new use and thus avoiding waste and reducing the environmental impact generated in the production or chemical separation of this fiber.
  • virgin polymer PBT or PESv
  • a feature of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn which provides steps for sorting, cutting and agglutinating textile residues or shavings to form threads.
  • Characteristic of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn that provides yarn with a composition of 95% PES R - 5% PBT.
  • Characteristic of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn that provides yarn with a composition of 90% PES R - 10% PBT.
  • Characteristic of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn that provides yarn with a composition of 95% PES R - 5% PESv.
  • Characteristic of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn that provides yarn with a composition of 90% PES R - 10% PESv.
  • a characteristic of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn that provides a mesh obtained by the composition 95% PES R - 5% PBT to present 7.4815g of mass and 748.15 g/ m 2 of weight.
  • a feature of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn that provides a mesh obtained by the composition 90% PES R - 10% PBT to present 5.9942g of mass and 599.42 g/ m 2 of weight.
  • a feature of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn which provides a mesh obtained by the composition 95% PES R - 5% PESv to present 4.5190g of mass and 451.90 g/m 2 of grammage.
  • a characteristic of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn that provides a mesh obtained by the composition 90% PES R - 10% PESv to present 4.4413g of mass and 444.13 g/ m 2 of weight.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the textile shavings of 100% polyester composition, after being cut in the cutter to standardize the size.
  • Figure 2 shows the 100% polyester composite material after the bonding process.
  • Figure 3 shows the pellets produced in the thermokinetic mixer.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the meshes produced from each of the yarns obtained by the melt spinning process.
  • the process of reusing synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn, object of the present invention demonstrates that textile waste or shavings undergo a sorting stage, where they are separated by composition and only the 100% polyester shavings are selected ( FEET).
  • FEET 100% polyester shavings are selected
  • the material is added to a cutter, where the shavings are cut into pieces with an average size between 1 and 30cm 2 , as shown in Figure 1.
  • the material is cut and bonded in a binder mill, until completely uncharacterized, turning into fiber, splint as shown in Figure 2.
  • the agglutination of tissues is a form of crushing and grinding, similar to the mechanical processes of tissue defibration.
  • the binder mill is also known as a condenser or agglomerator.
  • This equipment in a generic way, is composed of a steel container, with fixed blades positioned on the walls of this container and rotating blades coupled to an electric motor. The rotating and fixed knives cut and rub the textile shavings against the equipment walls, raising the process temperature, until the shavings are defibrated.
  • thermoplastic agglutinator mill For agglutination of fabrics, a thermoplastic agglutinator mill was used. The bonding time is different for each type of material. The amount of material added to the binder also has a direct influence on the process time, as observed during the initial tests. In the case of 100% PES tissue flaps, for each 5 kg of material, a processing time of between 5 and 10 minutes was required.
  • thermokinetic mixer is also known commercially as a Drais, Dryser, or K-mixer. This equipment is widely used for manufacturing pigment concentrates (masterbatches), composites, blends, PVC compounds and WPG (wood plastic composite).
  • thermokinetic mixer is a horizontal mixer, without a heating source, with a cooling system in a mixing chamber equipped with a shaft with stationary high-speed blades, which carry out the shear mixing process.
  • the chamber is closed and start the mixing process at high speed (above 2000 rpm).
  • the chamber filling factor was between 50 and 70%.
  • the processing parameters, such as initial speed, final speed, form of addition and process time are shown in Table 1, which describes the processing parameters for the samples produced in a thermokinetic mixer.
  • the first stage of the process is the grinding of the particles caused by the collision between the materials and the machine elements (blades, shaft and mixing chamber). As time goes on, these particles form a kind of micrometric cloud inside the chamber, generating high turbulence due to the impact of the particles. Finally, melting of the material takes place and the sample is ready for the next steps in thermoplastics processing. The total mixing time was determined by counting 5 seconds after the melt reached the melting temperature of polyester (250°C). It was then discharged completely from inside the mixing chamber.
  • thermokinetic mixer After cooled at room temperature is added in a knife mill, resulting in samples in the form of pellets.
  • the mill used has a sieve with a 5.6 mesh opening, a rotor with a diameter of 200mm, with 03 rotating blades arranged in the rotor and 02 fixed knives in the grinding chamber.
  • the cut used was the “scissors” type and the speed was 285 RPM.
  • virgin polymer PBT or PESv
  • PESr virgin polymer
  • the pellets developed showed an effective action in improving the rheological properties of the waste and the mechanical properties of the filaments produced, making recycling via spinning by melting polyester feasible to obtain textile yarns and their knitted fabrics.
  • the melt spinning technique was used.
  • the spinning and drawing system used is composed of a twin-screw extruder, a multifilament die and a stretcher with 4 godet-type rollers.
  • the pellets were previously submitted to dehumidification at 150 °C for 24 hours to eliminate moisture from the polymer and favor its processing by the equipment.
  • the extrusion parameters were: title pump speed: 20 rpm, melt pressure: 50 bar, screw speed: automatically adjusted.
  • the fibers were continuously cooled with synthetic air to a temperature of 20 °C. After cooling, the fibers were stretched in 4 godet rollers heated to 70 °C.
  • the drawing rates and speeds of each roll as well as the compositions of each yarn are described in Table 3, which describes the composition, speed of the godets and drawing rates used in the production of the yarns.
  • Toughness breaking strength
  • y toughness (cN/tex)
  • F load (cN)
  • TMF average spinning quality
  • Equation 1 Fiber tenacity calculation.
  • the maximum elongation ⁇ (%) was calculated by Equation 2, where I is the final length (mm) and l is the initial length (mm) of the specimen.
  • Equation 2 Calculation of maximum elongation in the tensile test.
  • the tenacity versus elongation curve in its initial part has a linear region where Hook's Law is valid, in this region there is the elastic deformation of the studied material.
  • the elastic modulus can be obtained through the angular coefficient of the toughness-elongation curve, according to Equation 3, where E is the elastic modulus (cN/tex), y is the toughness (cN/tex) and ⁇ is the elongation ( %).
  • Equation 3 Elastic modulus calculation.
  • Yarn 5 had the highest tenacity value, containing 90% of recycled PES and 10% of virgin PES, it can be concluded that the conditions employed in the manufacture of this yarn allow to obtain a more resistant yarn, adding a greater proportion of virgin polymer, without requiring an excessively high amount.
  • thermogravimetric analysis using a Hitachi thermogravimetric analysis equipment, model STA 7300.
  • the operating conditions used in the analysis are shown in the following table.
  • T onS et extrapolated initial temperature
  • Toffset extra final temperature
  • Knitwear - Circular Knitting (Circular Knitting)
  • Weight (g/m 2 ) mass (_g) x 100

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to recycling technology of polyester textile waste produced during the manufacture of garments. The technology uses a piece of equipment called an agglutinator to shred the waste, which is then processed in a thermokinetic mixer to produce polymer pellets used as raw material in the process of extruding and forming recycled yarn. The yarn is formed by the melt spinning process, in which the extruded continuous filament is cooled, stretched and cooled to form yarn, thus returning to the production chain and adding value to the textile scraps that are normally discarded in sanitary landfills, generating tons of waste that pollute the environment.

Description

PROCESSO DE REAPROVEITAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS TÊXTEIS SINTÉTICOS PARA OBTENÇÃO DE FIO CONTÍNUO CAMPO DA APLICAÇÃO PROCESS OF REUSE OF SYNTHETIC TEXTILE WASTE TO OBTAIN CONTINUOUS YARN FIELD OF APPLICATION
[01] A presente invenção se insere no campo de aplicação de têxteis, mais concretamente, no reaproveitamento de rejeito têxtil sintético, ori- ginado no processo da confecção, visando a formação de novo fio atra- vés do processo de reciclagem por fusão. [01] The present invention is inserted in the field of application of textiles, more specifically, in the reuse of synthetic textile waste, originated in the confection process, aiming at the formation of new thread through the process of recycling by melting.
ANTECEDENTES DA INVENÇÃO BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[02] A indústria têxtil representa um enorme problema ambiental de- vido ao elevado volume de material descartado ao longo do processo da confecção, que geralmente é descartado direto nos aterros sanitá- rios, sem qualquer possibilidade de reutilização por meio de reciclagem. Esta problemática tem obrigado às empresas a repensarem seu mo- delo de negócio e de produção, diminuindo o impacto ambiental e tor- nando-se mais sustentáveis. [02] The textile industry represents a huge environmental problem due to the high volume of material discarded during the manufacturing process, which is usually disposed of directly in landfills, without any possibility of reuse through recycling. This problem has forced companies to rethink their business and production model, reducing the environmental impact and becoming more sustainable.
[03] Dados da Associação Brasileira da Indústria Têxtil e de Confec- ção (Abit), de 2018, indicam que o Brasil é considerado a quinta maior indústria têxtil do mundo. Em 2018 o Brasil produziu cerca de 8,9 bi- lhões de peças incluindo vestuário, cama, mesa, banho, meias e outros itens. O alto potencial na indústria têxtil resulta na geração de aproxi- madamente 160 mil toneladas de resíduos por ano no país. [03] Data from the Brazilian Textile and Apparel Industry Association (Abit), from 2018, indicate that Brazil is considered the fifth largest textile industry in the world. In 2018 Brazil produced around 8.9 billion pieces including clothing, bedding, table, bath, socks and other items. The high potential in the textile industry results in the generation of approximately 160 thousand tons of waste per year in the country.
[04] Devido a esta problemática, existe uma tendência em criar novas alternativas de economia circular para a indústria têxtil. Assim, a pre- sente invenção apresenta um desafio tecnológico para o reaproveita- mento de resíduos têxteis sintéticos visando a produção de novas ma- térias-primas de valor agregado, contribuindo com a diminuição do im- pacto ambiental e aumentando a sustentabilidade. [05] Nesse sentido, a reciclagem apresenta vantagens a nível econô- mico, permitindo a redução de custos de produção, já que os resíduos têxteis substituem a matéria-prima virgem, levando à conservação dos recursos naturais e reduzindo o consumo energético, e, portanto, redu- zindo os impactos ambientais. [04] Due to this problem, there is a tendency to create new circular economy alternatives for the textile industry. Thus, the present invention presents a technological challenge for the reuse of synthetic textile waste aiming at the production of new raw materials with added value, contributing to the reduction of the environmental impact and increasing sustainability. [05] In this sense, recycling has advantages at an economic level, allowing the reduction of production costs, since textile waste replaces virgin raw material, leading to the conservation of natural resources and reducing energy consumption, and, therefore reducing environmental impacts.
[06] Em pesquisa realizada junto ao estado da técnica identificamos que os processos de reciclagem de fibras são comumente praticados por grandes empresas, onde podemos destacar alguns processos para reaproveitamento de resíduos têxteis para gerar produtos de maior va- lor agregado: [06] In research carried out with the state of the art, we identified that fiber recycling processes are commonly practiced by large companies, where we can highlight some processes for reusing textile waste to generate products with greater added value:
[07] O documento CN10163191 1 (Columbia. 2007) descreve os mé- todos de fabricação e reciclagem de carpetes. Em um aspecto, o car- pete inclui: um forro primário que tem uma face e uma superfície pos- terior; uma pluralidade de fibras fixadas ao suporte primário e se esten- dendo desde a face do suporte primário e expostas na superfície pos- terior do suporte primário; um suporte de composição adesiva; e um suporte secundário opcional adjacente ao suporte adesivo. O método de fazer carpete inclui o revestimento por extrusão da composição ade- siva na superfície posterior de um suporte primário para formar o su- porte da composição adesiva. O método de reciclagem de carpete pode recuperar um ou mais componentes poliméricos do carpete. [07] Document CN10163191 1 (Columbia. 2007) describes methods for manufacturing and recycling carpets. In one aspect, the carpet includes: a primary backing having a face and a back surface; a plurality of fibers attached to the primary support and extending from the face of the primary support and exposed on the rear surface of the primary support; an adhesive composition holder; and an optional secondary backing adjacent to the adhesive backing. The method of making carpet includes extrusion coating the adhesive composition onto the back surface of a primary backing to form the backing of the adhesive composition. The carpet recycling method can recover one or more polymeric components of the carpet.
[08] O documento US20210060821 (Regeneration. 2018) se refere a um método para a produção de artigos têxteis, no qual os artigos têxteis podem ser desmontados automática ou semi-automaticamente porque são feitos a partir de um fio fundido de polímero, e no qual a desmon- tagem do artigo produzido é feita por meio do aquecimento do artigo ou do fio a uma temperatura igual ou superior à temperatura de fusão, na qual os pontos de costura se soltam. [09] O documento US10501599 (Giro. 2019) descreve os sistemas e métodos que envolvem uma reação de água subcrítica para reciclar os componentes de celulose e poliéster de resíduos de algodão e têxteis de mistura de algodão/poliéster que de outra forma seriam descartados. Especificamente, os métodos divulgados proporcionam o tratamento dos resíduos têxteis para produzir materiais avançados, incluindo celu- lose e ácido tereftálico (AT) com um baixo impacto ambiental. A celu- lose e o AT produzidos são de alta qualidade, permitindo a produção de celulose regenerada e tereftalato de polietileno regenerado (PET) adequado para fiação de fibras e aplicações têxteis. [08] Document US20210060821 (Regeneration. 2018) refers to a method for the production of textile articles, in which textile articles can be disassembled automatically or semi-automatically because they are made from a polymer melt yarn, and in the which the dismantling of the article produced is done by heating the article or yarn to a temperature equal to or greater than the melting temperature, at which the stitches are released. [09] Document US10501599 (Giro. 2019) describes systems and methods involving a subcritical water reaction to recycle the cellulose and polyester components of waste cotton and cotton/polyester blend textiles that would otherwise be discarded. Specifically, the disclosed methods provide for the treatment of textile waste to produce advanced materials including cellulose and terephthalic acid (TA) with a low environmental impact. The cellulose and TA produced are of high quality, allowing the production of regenerated cellulose and regenerated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) suitable for fiber spinning and textile applications.
[010] O documento CN108641 120 (Shanghai Juyou. 2018) apresenta um método e um sistema de reciclagem de resíduos têxteis de poliéster. No processo de reciclagem de têxteis de poliéster os resíduos são adi- cionados com etilenoglicol e agitados. Posteriormente o têxtil pré-tra- tado é colocado na caldeira de alcoólise, e etilenoglicol é adicionado novamente acontecendo uma reação de alcoólise catalisada por ace- tato de zinco. O tereftalato de etilenoglicol bruto passa por processos de purificação para obter tereftalato de etilenoglicol refinado. Logo, o tereftalato de etilenoglicol refinado é colocado em caldeira de pré-poli- merização e o catalisador é adicionado. A reação final de polimerização é realizada, o polímero é descarregado novamente por melt pump e se obtém desta forma o poliéster reciclado. [010] Document CN108641 120 (Shanghai Juyou. 2018) presents a method and system for recycling polyester textile waste. In the process of recycling polyester textiles, waste is added with ethylene glycol and stirred. Subsequently, the pre-treated textile is placed in the alcoholysis boiler, and ethylene glycol is added again, taking place an alcoholysis reaction catalyzed by zinc acetate. Crude ethylene glycol terephthalate undergoes purification processes to obtain refined ethylene glycol terephthalate. Then, the refined ethylene glycol terephthalate is placed in a prepolymerization boiler and the catalyst is added. The final polymerization reaction is carried out, the polymer is discharged again by melt pump and in this way recycled polyester is obtained.
[011] O documento JP2001190317 (Miyata, Takeo. 2000) descreve um método de reciclagem de poliéster, principalmente a partir de garrafas PET para fabricação de sacolas que possam ser confeccionadas a par- tir de um não tecido de poliéster recuperados. Nestas sacolas, a produ- ção contínua é realizada usando fusão ultrassónica em vez da fusão por calor geralmente usada. O tecido não tecido de poliéster, que é fraco à fusão por calor, apresenta melhor processabilidade quando é realizada a técnica de fusão ultrassónica. No caso de tecido não tecido de poliéster virgem, fusão térmica pode ser usada, mas também PET reciclado pode ser misturado devido ao histórico de calor (aquecimento e resfriamento repetidos na produção do produto original). [011] The document JP2001190317 (Miyata, Takeo. 2000) describes a method of recycling polyester, mainly from PET bottles, for the manufacture of bags that can be made from a recovered non-woven polyester. In these bags, continuous production is carried out using ultrasonic melting instead of the commonly used heat melting. The polyester non-woven fabric, which is weak to melting by heat, it has better processability when the ultrasonic melting technique is performed. In the case of virgin polyester non-woven fabric, thermal melting can be used, but also recycled PET can be blended due to heat history (repeated heating and cooling in the production of the original product).
[012] O documento CN105803585 (Hubei. 2016) descreve um pro- cesso de reciclagem de poliéster têxtil a partir de processos de corte, lavagem, secagem, compactação, extrusão em estado fundido, homo- geneização e ajuste na viscosidade para a produção de novos filamen- tos via extrusão. [012] Document CN105803585 (Hubei. 2016) describes a textile polyester recycling process from cutting, washing, drying, compacting, melt extrusion, homogenization and viscosity adjustment processes for the production of new filaments via extrusion.
[013] O documento CN106279755 (Ningbo. 2016) descreve um pro- cesso para produção de multifilamentos a partir de retalhos de tecidos de poliéster com poliuretano. O poliuretano é removido do poliéster por processos de alcólise. O poliéster é extrusado em temperaturas entre 275-300°C e após a extrusão, o poliéster é colocado em um dispositivo, em temperaturas entre 280 e 295°C, para ajuste da viscosidade. [013] Document CN106279755 (Ningbo. 2016) describes a process for the production of multifilaments from scraps of polyester fabrics with polyurethane. Polyurethane is removed from polyester by alcoholysis processes. The polyester is extruded at temperatures between 275-300°C and after extrusion, the polyester is placed in a device, at temperatures between 280 and 295°C, to adjust the viscosity.
[014] O documento CN110093018 (Fujian. 2019) descreve um método de reciclagem de aparas têxteis de poliéster para produção de blendas com poliolefinas. As blendas são preparadas por extrusão, originando pellets. São adicionados ao resíduo de poliéster têxtil, agente compati- bilizante, modificador de impacto, antioxidantes e lubrificantes por ex- trusâo. [014] Document CN110093018 (Fujian. 2019) describes a method of recycling polyester textile scraps for the production of blends with polyolefins. The blends are prepared by extrusion, resulting in pellets. A compatibilizing agent, impact modifier, antioxidants and extrusion lubricants are added to the textile polyester residue.
[015] O documento CN108396392 (Haiyan Haili. 2018) descreve um método para produção de multifilamentos por extrusão a partir de apa- ras têxteis de poliéster. O processo envolve o tratamento inicial dos re- síduos têxteis, com a remoção de impurezas, corte em pedaços meno- res e retirada de acessórios (zipers, botões, etc) das aparas. O material é extrusado em temperaturas entre 260 e 320°C durante a produção de filamentos. O filamento resultante apresenta diâmetro entre 1 e 3 dtex. [016] O documento WO2020252523 (Blocktexx. 2020) descreve um sistema e um processo para separação e reciclagem de tecidos mistos de poliéster e algodão. A primeira etapa é relacionada ao corte e tritu- tação das aparas têxteis. O material triturado é adicionado em uma so- lução aquosa de ácido sulfúrico a quente, onde o material passa por diferentes processos químicos para que ocorra a separação do algodão e do poliéster. A fração de poliéster é extrusada, com a adição de ex- tensores de cadeia e estabilizantes térmicos, e posteriormente peleti- zada. [015] Document CN108396392 (Haiyan Haili. 2018) describes a method for producing multifilaments by extrusion from polyester textile trimmings. The process involves the initial treatment of textile residues, removing impurities, cutting them into smaller pieces and removing accessories (zippers, buttons, etc.) from the shavings. The material is extruded at temperatures between 260 and 320°C during filament production. The resulting filament has a diameter between 1 and 3 dtex. [016] Document WO2020252523 (Blocktexx. 2020) describes a system and process for separating and recycling mixed fabrics of polyester and cotton. The first stage is related to the cutting and grinding of textile shavings. The crushed material is added to a hot aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, where the material goes through different chemical processes to separate cotton and polyester. The polyester fraction is extruded, with the addition of chain extenders and thermal stabilizers, and subsequently pelletized.
[017] O documento CN106283228 (Ningbo Data. 2016) descreve um processo de remoção de poliuretano de aparas têxteis de poliéster e a utilização do poliéster para produção de multifilamentos. A remoção do poliuretano é realizada através de processos de alcólise. A solução é adicionada em uma extrusora, onde são produzidos os filamentos. [017] Document CN106283228 (Ningbo Data. 2016) describes a process for removing polyurethane from polyester textile shavings and the use of polyester for the production of multifilaments. The removal of polyurethane is carried out through alcoholysis processes. The solution is added to an extruder, where the filaments are produced.
[018] O documento WO201 7019802 (Evrnu Spc. 2015) descreve um processo químico para separação do algodão do poliéster em tecidos mistos. O processo envolve um pré-tratamento dos tecidos mistos, com a solubilização da fração de algodão e posterior extrusão da fração po- liéster em multifilamentos. [018] WO201 7019802 (Evrnu Spc. 2015) describes a chemical process for separating cotton from polyester in mixed fabrics. The process involves a pre-treatment of mixed fabrics, with the solubilization of the cotton fraction and subsequent extrusion of the polyester fraction into multifilaments.
[019] O documento CN1 10229476A descreve a reciclagem química de resíduos têxteis de poliéster, onde o poliéster é despolimerizado, fil- trado e purificado para novamente ser pollmerizado em poliéster e ser utilizado na preparação de blendas com poliamida 6 via extrusão, na presença de agentes compatibilizantes. [019] Document CN1 10229476A describes the chemical recycling of polyester textile waste, where the polyester is depolymerized, filtered and purified to be polymerized again in polyester and used in the preparation of blends with polyamide 6 via extrusion, in the presence of compatible agents.
[020] O documento CN105199138 (Plastic Union. 2019) descreve um processo de reciclagem de tecidos de composição de poliéster e poliuretano, onde as aparas são inicialmente trituradas em pedaços menores, lavadas e secas à vácuo, e posteriormente misturadas com copolímero de estireno graftizado com anidrido maleico em extrusora para produção de pellets. Esses pellets são transformados em artefatos por moldagem por injeção. [020] Document CN105199138 (Plastic Union. 2019) describes a process for recycling polyester composition fabrics and polyurethane, where the shavings are initially crushed into smaller pieces, washed and dried under vacuum, and later mixed with grafted styrene copolymer with maleic anhydride in an extruder to produce pellets. These pellets are transformed into artifacts by injection molding.
[021] O documento CN103304839 (Jiangsu. 2013) também descreve métodos de separação de algodão do poliéster em composições mistas de tecidos. O poliéster e o algodão são solubilizados em solventes apro- priados. A solução de poliéster é evaporada, extrudada e granulada. [021] Document CN103304839 (Jiangsu. 2013) also describes methods of separating cotton from polyester in mixed fabric compositions. Polyester and cotton are dissolved in appropriate solvents. The polyester solution is evaporated, extruded and granulated.
[022] O documento JP2004042385 (Fuji Heavy. 2002) descreve um método para reciclagem de resíduos têxteis de poliéster. As aparas têx- teis são previamente pulverizadas em menores pedaços para mistura em extrusora dupla rosca com poliéster virgem e posterior granulação. O mesmo documento descreve o mesmo processo para resíduos têx- teis de polipropileno. [022] Document JP2004042385 (Fuji Heavy. 2002) describes a method for recycling polyester textile waste. The textile shavings are previously pulverized into smaller pieces for mixing in a twin-screw extruder with virgin polyester and subsequent granulation. The same document describes the same process for polypropylene textile waste.
[023] O documento JP2000063557 (Nippon Ester. 1998) descreve o processo de reciclagem de poliéster a partir de fibras, filmes, chapas extrudadas e garrafas. No caso dos resíduos têxteis de poliéster, as fibras são cortadas em um tamanho pré-determinado, alimentadas a uma extrusora para formação de novos filamentos. [023] Document JP2000063557 (Nippon Ester. 1998) describes the process of recycling polyester from fibers, films, extruded sheets and bottles. In the case of polyester textile waste, the fibers are cut to a predetermined size, fed to an extruder to form new filaments.
[024] O documento CN107056165 (Julin. 2017) descreve um processo de reciclagem de peças de vestuário usadas em novos materiais para isolamento térmico. Primeiramente, o processo envolve a separação das peças conforme o tipo de material. As peças de poliéster são lava- das, enxaguadas e secas para posterior uso. A fibra de poliéster seca é fundida em extrusora e granulada para posterior transformação em um pó de fibra de poliéster, que é misturado com outros materiais para formação das mantas de isolamento térmico. [025] O documento W020201 54489 (Purlin. 2020) descreve o pro- cesso de reciclagem de fibras de poliéster têxtil para produção de não- tecidos. Os resíduos de poliéster são purificados, esterilizados e extru- sados em multifilamentos que podem ser reutilizados para produção de não-tecidos, têxteis e outros processos de transformação. [024] Document CN107056165 (Julin. 2017) describes a process for recycling used garments into new materials for thermal insulation. First, the process involves separating the parts according to the type of material. The polyester parts are washed, rinsed and dried for later use. The dry polyester fiber is melted in an extruder and granulated for later transformation into a polyester fiber powder, which is mixed with other materials to form thermal insulation blankets. [025] Document WO20201 54489 (Purlin. 2020) describes the process of recycling textile polyester fibers for the production of nonwovens. Polyester waste is purified, sterilized and extruded into multifilaments that can be reused for the production of nonwovens, textiles and other transformation processes.
[026] O documento CN110273197 (Fuqing. 2019) descreve um método de reciclagem de filamentos de poliéster a partir de resíduos têxteis para produção de novos filamentos. O processo envolve a trituração das aparas em pedaços menores. Estes pedaços são aquecidos até atingirem o estado fundido, onde são filtrados para remoção de impu- rezas de modo a se obter no final do processo um material granulado semiacabado. O material granulado é adicionado a um reator de des- polimerlzação e depois é novamente polimerizado por policondensa- çâo. São adicionados em extrusora dupla rosca extensores de cadeia, agentes esterificantes e masterbatches de cores para posterior trans- formação em multifilamentos. [026] Document CN110273197 (Fuqing. 2019) describes a method of recycling polyester filaments from textile waste to produce new filaments. The process involves grinding the shavings into smaller pieces. These pieces are heated until they reach the molten state, where they are filtered to remove impurities in order to obtain, at the end of the process, a semi-finished granulated material. The granulated material is added to a depolymerization reactor and then polymerized again by polycondensation. Chain extenders, esterifying agents and color masterbatches are added to a twin screw extruder for subsequent transformation into multifilaments.
[027] O documento CN109763227 (Xinchang. 2019) descreve um pro- cesso de reciclagem de resíduos têxteis para produção de tecidos mul- tifuncionais entrelaçados com filamentos de poliéster. O poliéster reci- clado é utilizado para produção de filamentos em extrusora blcompo- nente na presença de poliéster ou PBT virgens. [027] Document CN109763227 (Xinchang. 2019) describes a textile waste recycling process for the production of multifunctional fabrics interwoven with polyester filaments. Recycled polyester is used to produce filaments in a bl-component extruder in the presence of virgin polyester or PBT.
[028] O documento KR20100087578 (Woonglin. 2009) descreve um processo de produção de fibras de poliéster reciclada a partir da fusão de fibras, filmes, pré-formas ou garrafas de poliéster. O poliéster reci- clado é misturado com resina virgem para produção de multifilamentos por extrusão. [028] Document KR20100087578 (Woonglin. 2009) describes a process for producing recycled polyester fibers from the melting of polyester fibers, films, preforms or bottles. The recycled polyester is mixed with virgin resin to produce multifilaments by extrusion.
[029] Estes documentos citados no estado da técnica apresentam mé- todos e sistemas destinados a reciclagem e reaproveitamento de resíduos têxteis, sendo que cada documento descreve um processo próprio. Porém, nenhum deles descreve e reivindica um processo de reciclagem mecânica que não utiliza nenhum tipo de reagente químico, dito reagente químico que representa um aumento no custo de produ- ção e pressupõe um pós-tratamento dos resíduos gerados. Na recicla- gem mecânica em estado fundido, os resíduos têxteis de composição 100% poliéster (PES), provenientes do processo da confecção, são aglutinados utilizando um moinho aglutinador que realiza a desfibragem de maneira mecânica, deixando as fibras abertas e prontas para serem adicionadas em um misturador termocinético o qual mistura o material em velocidades elevadas aumentando a temperatura pelo atrito e rea- lizando a fusão do material e dando origem a uma massa fundida, que depois será triturada em um moinho de facas, gerando pellets. O pro- cesso de reciclagem em misturador termocinético não envolve aqueci- mento elétrico ou por óleo da câmara de misturas e do material fundido, gerando economia de energia elétrica e menores tempos de setup de máquina. Os pellets são a matéria-prima para a produção do fio reci- clado mediante o processo de extrusão. [029] These documents cited in the state of the art present methods and systems for the recycling and reuse of textile waste, each document describing a specific process. However, none of them describes and claims a mechanical recycling process that does not use any type of chemical reagent, said chemical reagent that represents an increase in production cost and presupposes post-treatment of the waste generated. In the mechanical recycling in molten state, the textile residues of 100% polyester (PES) composition, from the manufacturing process, are agglutinated using a agglutinating mill that performs the defibration mechanically, leaving the fibers open and ready to be added. in a thermokinetic mixer which mixes the material at high speeds, increasing the temperature through friction and melting the material, giving rise to a molten mass, which will then be crushed in a knife mill, generating pellets. The recycling process in a thermokinetic mixer does not involve electrical or oil heating of the mixing chamber and molten material, generating energy savings and shorter machine setup times. The pellets are the raw material for the production of recycled yarn through the extrusion process.
[030] Desta forma, é objeto da presente invenção, um processo de re- aproveitamento de resíduos têxteis sintéticos para obtenção de fio con- tínuo obtido, onde é possível reaproveitar os resíduos têxteis sintéticos com adição de polímero virgem (PBT ou PESv), permitindo um novo uso e evitando assim o desperdício e diminuindo o impacto ambiental gerado na produção ou na separação química desta fibra. [030] Thus, the object of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn obtained, where it is possible to reuse synthetic textile waste with the addition of virgin polymer (PBT or PESv), allowing a new use and thus avoiding waste and reducing the environmental impact generated in the production or chemical separation of this fiber.
SUMÁRIO DA INVENÇÃO SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[031] É característica da presente invenção um processo de reaprovei- tamento de resíduos têxteis sintéticos para obtenção de fio contínuo
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000011_0001
que provê etapas de triagem, corte e aglutinação dos resíduos têxteis ou aparas para formação dos fios.
[031] A feature of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000011_0001
which provides steps for sorting, cutting and agglutinating textile residues or shavings to form threads.
[032] É característica da presente invenção um processo de reaprovei- tamento de resíduos têxteis sintéticos para obtenção de fio contínuo que provê a obtenção de fio com uma composição de 95% PESR - 5% PBT. [032] Characteristic of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn that provides yarn with a composition of 95% PES R - 5% PBT.
[033] É característica da presente invenção um processo de reaprovei- tamento de resíduos têxteis sintéticos para obtenção de fio contínuo que provê a obtenção de fio com uma composição de 90% PESR - 10% PBT. [033] Characteristic of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn that provides yarn with a composition of 90% PES R - 10% PBT.
[034] É característica da presente invenção um processo de reaprovei- tamento de resíduos têxteis sintéticos para obtenção de fio contínuo que provê a obtenção de fio com uma composição de 95% PESR - 5% PESv. [034] Characteristic of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn that provides yarn with a composition of 95% PES R - 5% PESv.
[035] É característica da presente invenção um processo de reaprovei- tamento de resíduos têxteis sintéticos para obtenção de fio contínuo que provê a obtenção de fio com uma composição de 90% PESR - 10% PESv. [035] Characteristic of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn that provides yarn with a composition of 90% PES R - 10% PESv.
[036] É característica da presente invenção um processo de reaprovei- tamento de resíduos têxteis sintéticos para obtenção de fio contínuo que provê uma malha obtida pela composição 95% PESR - 5% PBT apresentar 7,4815g de massa e 748,15 g/m2 de gramatura. [036] A characteristic of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn that provides a mesh obtained by the composition 95% PES R - 5% PBT to present 7.4815g of mass and 748.15 g/ m 2 of weight.
[037] É característica da presente invenção um processo de reaprovei- tamento de resíduos têxteis sintéticos para obtenção de fio contínuo que provê uma malha obtida pela composição 90% PESR - 10% PBT apresentar 5,9942g de massa e 599,42 g/m2 de gramatura. [037] A feature of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn that provides a mesh obtained by the composition 90% PES R - 10% PBT to present 5.9942g of mass and 599.42 g/ m 2 of weight.
[038] É característica da presente invenção um processo de reaprovei- tamento de resíduos têxteis sintéticos para obtenção de fio contínuo que provê uma malha obtida pela composição 95% PESR - 5% PESv apresentar 4,5190g de massa e 451 ,90 g/m2 de gramatura. [038] A feature of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn which provides a mesh obtained by the composition 95% PES R - 5% PESv to present 4.5190g of mass and 451.90 g/m 2 of grammage.
[039] É característica da presente invenção um processo de reaprovei- tamento de resíduos têxteis sintéticos para obtenção de fio contínuo que provê uma malha obtida pela composição 90% PESR - 10% PESv apresentar 4,4413g de massa e 444,13 g/m2 de gramatura. [039] A characteristic of the present invention is a process for the reuse of synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn that provides a mesh obtained by the composition 90% PES R - 10% PESv to present 4.4413g of mass and 444.13 g/ m 2 of weight.
BREVE DESCRIÇÃO DAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[040] A Figura 1 ilustra as aparas têxteis de composição 100% poliés- ter, após serem cortadas na cortadeira para uniformizar o tamanho. [040] Figure 1 illustrates the textile shavings of 100% polyester composition, after being cut in the cutter to standardize the size.
[041] A Figura 2 apresenta o material de composição 100% poliéster após o processo de aglutinação. [041] Figure 2 shows the 100% polyester composite material after the bonding process.
[042] Na Figura 3 se observam os pellets produzidos no misturador ter- mocinético. [042] Figure 3 shows the pellets produced in the thermokinetic mixer.
[043] Na Figura 4 se observam as bobinas com os diferentes filamentos obtidos pelo processo de fiação por fusão. De esquerda à direita na imagem encontram-se o Fio 1 (obtido nas condições do teste 1 ) até o Fio 5 (obtido nas condições do teste 5). [043] In Figure 4, the coils with the different filaments obtained by the melt spinning process can be seen. From left to right in the image are Wire 1 (obtained under test 1 conditions) to Wire 5 (obtained under test 5 conditions).
[044] A Figura 5 ilustra as malhas produzidas a partir de cada um dos fios obtidos pelo processo de fiação por fusão. [044] Figure 5 illustrates the meshes produced from each of the yarns obtained by the melt spinning process.
DESCRIÇÃO DETALHADA DA INVENÇÃO DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[045] O processo de reaproveitamento de resíduos têxteis sintéticos para obtenção de fio contínuo, objeto da presente invenção, demonstra que os resíduos têxteis ou aparas passam por uma etapa de triagem, onde são separados por composição e selecionados apenas as aparas 100% poliéster (PES). Após a triagem, o material é adicionado em uma cortadeira, onde as aparas são cortadas em pedaços com tamanho mé- dio entre 1 e 30cm2, tal como apresentado na Figura 1 . Em seguida, o material é cortado e aglutinado em um moinho aglutinador, até que esteja totalmente descaracterizado, se transformando em fibra, tala como demonstrado na Figura 2. [045] The process of reusing synthetic textile waste to obtain continuous yarn, object of the present invention, demonstrates that textile waste or shavings undergo a sorting stage, where they are separated by composition and only the 100% polyester shavings are selected ( FEET). After sorting, the material is added to a cutter, where the shavings are cut into pieces with an average size between 1 and 30cm 2 , as shown in Figure 1. Then the material is cut and bonded in a binder mill, until completely uncharacterized, turning into fiber, splint as shown in Figure 2.
[046] A aglutinação dos tecidos é uma forma de trituração e moagem, similar aos processos mecânicos de desfibragem de tecidos. O moinho aglutinador também é conhecido como adensador ou aglomerador. Este equipamento, de uma maneira genérica, é composto de um reci- piente de aço, com navalhas fixas posicionadas nas paredes deste re- cipiente e navalhas rotativas acopladas a um motor elétrico. As nava- lhas rotativas e fixas cortam e atritam as aparas têxteis contra as pare- des do equipamento, elevando a temperatura do processo, até fazer com que as aparas sejam desfibradas. [046] The agglutination of tissues is a form of crushing and grinding, similar to the mechanical processes of tissue defibration. The binder mill is also known as a condenser or agglomerator. This equipment, in a generic way, is composed of a steel container, with fixed blades positioned on the walls of this container and rotating blades coupled to an electric motor. The rotating and fixed knives cut and rub the textile shavings against the equipment walls, raising the process temperature, until the shavings are defibrated.
[047] Para aglutinação de tecidos, utilizou-se um moinho aglutinador de termoplásticos. O tempo de aglutinação é diferente para cada tipo de material. A quantidade de material adicionada ao aglutinador também tem influência direta no tempo de processo, conforme foi observado du- rante os testes iniciais. No caso dos retalhos de tecidos de 100% PES, para cada 5 kg de material, foi necessário um tempo de processamento entre 5 e 10 minutos. [047] For agglutination of fabrics, a thermoplastic agglutinator mill was used. The bonding time is different for each type of material. The amount of material added to the binder also has a direct influence on the process time, as observed during the initial tests. In the case of 100% PES tissue flaps, for each 5 kg of material, a processing time of between 5 and 10 minutes was required.
[048] Uma vez aglutinado, o material foi seco por 4 h a 1 10 °C e poste- riormente adicionado no misturador termocinético. O misturador tam- bém é conhecido comercialmente como Drais, Dryser, ou K-mixer. Este equipamento é amplamente utilizado para fabricação de concentrados de pigmento (masterbatches), compósitos, blendas, compostos de PVC e WPG (wood plastic composite). [048] Once agglutinated, the material was dried for 4 h at 1 10 °C and subsequently added to the thermokinetic mixer. The mixer is also known commercially as a Drais, Dryser, or K-mixer. This equipment is widely used for manufacturing pigment concentrates (masterbatches), composites, blends, PVC compounds and WPG (wood plastic composite).
[049] O misturador termocinético é um misturador horizontal, sem fonte de aquecimento, com sistema de refrigeração em uma câmara de mis- turas dotada de um eixo com pás estacionárias de alta rotação, que realizam o processo de mistura por cisalhamento. A câmara é fechada e inicia-se o processo de mistura em alta velocidade (acima de 2000 rpm). O fator de enchimento da câmara foi entre 50 e 70%. Os parâme- tros de processamento, como velocidade inicial, velocidade final, forma de adição e tempo de processo são apresentados na Tabela 1 , que descreve os parâmetros de processamento para as amostras produzi- das em misturador termocinético.
Figure imgf000014_0001
[049] The thermokinetic mixer is a horizontal mixer, without a heating source, with a cooling system in a mixing chamber equipped with a shaft with stationary high-speed blades, which carry out the shear mixing process. The chamber is closed and start the mixing process at high speed (above 2000 rpm). The chamber filling factor was between 50 and 70%. The processing parameters, such as initial speed, final speed, form of addition and process time are shown in Table 1, which describes the processing parameters for the samples produced in a thermokinetic mixer.
Figure imgf000014_0001
[050] A primeira etapa do processo é a moagem das partículas ocasio- nada pelo choque entre os materiais e os elementos de máquina (pás, eixo e câmara de mistura). Com o avanço do tempo, estas partículas formam uma espécie de nuvem micrométrica no interior da câmara, ge- rando alta turbulência pelo choque das partículas. Por fim, acontece a fusão do material e a amostra está pronta para os próximos passos no processamento de termoplásticos. O tempo total de mistura foi deter- minado contando 5 segundos após a massa fundida atingir a tempera- tura de fusão do poliéster (250 °C). Em seguida, foi descarregada por completo do interior da câmara de misturas. [050] The first stage of the process is the grinding of the particles caused by the collision between the materials and the machine elements (blades, shaft and mixing chamber). As time goes on, these particles form a kind of micrometric cloud inside the chamber, generating high turbulence due to the impact of the particles. Finally, melting of the material takes place and the sample is ready for the next steps in thermoplastics processing. The total mixing time was determined by counting 5 seconds after the melt reached the melting temperature of polyester (250°C). It was then discharged completely from inside the mixing chamber.
[051] O material processado no misturador termocinético após resfriado em temperatura ambiente é adicionado em um moinho de facas, resul- tando em amostras no formato de pellets. O moinho utilizado possui uma peneira com abertura de 5,6 mesh, rotor com diâmetro de 200mm, com 03 navalhas rotativas dispostas no rotor e 02 navalhas fixas na câmara de moagem. O corte utilizado foi o tipo “tesoura” e a velocidade foi de 285 RPM. [051] The material processed in the thermokinetic mixer after cooled at room temperature is added in a knife mill, resulting in samples in the form of pellets. The mill used has a sieve with a 5.6 mesh opening, a rotor with a diameter of 200mm, with 03 rotating blades arranged in the rotor and 02 fixed knives in the grinding chamber. The cut used was the “scissors” type and the speed was 285 RPM.
[052] Nesta etapa é adicionado o polímero virgem (PBT ou PESv) ao PESr em baixa proporção (5%) para melhorar as propriedades mecâni- cas dos fios, possibilitando a sua processabilidade e fabricação do te- cido de malha. [052] In this step, virgin polymer (PBT or PESv) is added to the PESr in a low proportion (5%) to improve the mechanical properties of the yarns, enabling its processability and manufacture of the knitted fabric.
[053] Como resultado, obtiveram-se os pellets, tal como detalhado na Figura 3, os quais posteriormente foram utilizados como matéria-prima no processo de extrusão para formação de fios contínuos. [053] As a result, pellets were obtained, as detailed in Figure 3, which were later used as raw material in the extrusion process to form continuous threads.
[054] Após as etapas do processo, os pellets desenvolvidos mostraram uma ação efetiva na melhoria das propriedades reológicas do rejeito e nas propriedades mecânicas dos filamentos produzidos, tornando viá- vel a reciclagem via fiação por fusão do poliéster para obtenção de fios têxteis e seus tecidos de malha. [054] After the process steps, the pellets developed showed an effective action in improving the rheological properties of the waste and the mechanical properties of the filaments produced, making recycling via spinning by melting polyester feasible to obtain textile yarns and their knitted fabrics.
[055] Para obtenção dos fios, formados por vários filamentos, foi utili- zada a técnica de fiação por fusão (melt spinning). O sistema de fiação e estiragem utilizado é composto de uma extrusora dupla-rosca, uma matriz multifilamentos e uma estiradeira com 4 rolos do tipo godet. Para esta aplicação, os pellets foram previamente submetidos à desumidifi- cação a 150 °C por 24h para eliminar a umidade do polímero e favore- cer seu processamento pelo equipamento. [055] To obtain the yarn, formed by several filaments, the melt spinning technique was used. The spinning and drawing system used is composed of a twin-screw extruder, a multifilament die and a stretcher with 4 godet-type rollers. For this application, the pellets were previously submitted to dehumidification at 150 °C for 24 hours to eliminate moisture from the polymer and favor its processing by the equipment.
[056] Os parâmetros de extrusão foram: velocidade da bomba de título: 20 rpm, pressão do fundido: 50 bar, velocidade do parafuso: ajustado automaticamente. A fieira utilizada possui 81 capilares (0 = 3 mm, com- primento = 25mm). [056] The extrusion parameters were: title pump speed: 20 rpm, melt pressure: 50 bar, screw speed: automatically adjusted. The die used has 81 capillaries (0 = 3 mm, length = 25 mm).
[057] Inicialmente, neste processo foram utilizados apenas o polímero reciclado (100% PES), visando obter um fio o mais estirado e uniforme possível. Posteriormente foram realizados 4 testes misturando o PES reciclado com polímero virgem (PBT - polibutileno tereftalato ou PES - polietileno tereftalato), sendo que o PBT e PESv são adicionados junto a etapa do misturador termocinético em um percentual de 5%, tal como demonstrado na Tabela 3. A Tabela 2 demonstra os perfis de tempera- tura de fiação por fusão utilizados em todos os testes.
Figure imgf000016_0001
[057] Initially, only recycled polymer (100% PES) was used in this process, in order to obtain a more drawn and uniform yarn possible. Subsequently, 4 tests were carried out mixing the recycled PES with virgin polymer (PBT - polybutylene terephthalate or PES - polyethylene terephthalate), and the PBT and PESv are added together with the thermokinetic mixer stage in a percentage of 5%, as shown in Table 3. Table 2 shows the melt spinning temperature profiles used in all tests.
Figure imgf000016_0001
[058] Após a fusão dos polímeros, foi feito o resfriamento contínuo das fibras com ar sintético até a temperatura de 20 °C. Após resfriadas, as fibras foram estiradas em 4 rolos godet aquecidos a 70 °C. As taxas de estiragem e velocidades de cada rolo assim como as composições de cada fio encontram-se descritos na Tabela 3, que descreve a composi- ção, velocidade dos godets e taxas de estiragem utilizadas na produção dos fios.
Figure imgf000016_0002
Figure imgf000017_0001
p
[058] After melting the polymers, the fibers were continuously cooled with synthetic air to a temperature of 20 °C. After cooling, the fibers were stretched in 4 godet rollers heated to 70 °C. The drawing rates and speeds of each roll as well as the compositions of each yarn are described in Table 3, which describes the composition, speed of the godets and drawing rates used in the production of the yarns.
Figure imgf000016_0002
Figure imgf000017_0001
P
[059] Apesar do PES puro ser possível de estirar com taxas maiores, as fibras de PES reciclado apresentaram um comportamento frágil e quebradiço em taxas maiores devido à degradação das cadeias poli- méricas durante todo o processo de reciclagem mecânica. Variando as velocidades dos godets foi possível aumentar a taxa de estiragem até 1 ,61 x, a qual foi a maior possível para obtenção de fios com este ma- terial sem quebra do fio formado. Observou-se que taxa de estiragem, a fibra possuía comportamento frágil, impossibilitando uma maior esti- ragem no processo de fiação por fusão. [059] Although pure PES is able to stretch at higher rates, recycled PES fibers showed a brittle and brittle behavior at higher rates due to the degradation of polymer chains throughout the mechanical recycling process. By varying the speeds of the godets, it was possible to increase the drawing rate up to 1.61x, which was the highest possible to obtain threads with this material without breaking the formed thread. It was observed that at the draw rate, the fiber had a fragile behavior, making it impossible to have a greater draw in the melt spinning process.
[060] Após a estiragem as fibras foram enroladas na forma de filamento contínuo em um tubo com diâmetro interno e externo de 94 e 104 mm, respectivamente. Os tubos com as fibras produzidas nos 5 testes po- dem ser visualizados na Figura 4. Observa-se um fio de cor preta pro- veniente da coloração dos resíduos têxteis utilizados. [060] After stretching the fibers were wound in the form of a continuous filament in a tube with an internal and external diameter of 94 and 104 mm, respectively. The tubes with the fibers produced in the 5 tests can be seen in Figure 4. A black thread can be seen from the coloring of the textile waste used.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS FIOS OBTIDOS CHARACTERIZATION OF THE OBTAINED YARN
[061] Os fios foram caracterizados quanto as propriedades mecânicas (título (TMF), tenacidade e alongamento). A metodologia, parâmetros e condições operacionais de cada técnica, assim como os resultados ob- tidos são apresentados e discutidos nas seções a seguir. Propriedades físicas e mecânicas [061] The wires were characterized for mechanical properties (title (TMF), tenacity and elongation). The methodology, parameters and operating conditions of each technique, as well as the results obtained are presented and discussed in the following sections. Physical and mechanical properties
Título (TMF) Title (TMF)
[062] A determinação dos títulos foi realizada de acordo com a Norma ASTM 13214:1994, onde uma meada de 100 m de cada fio foi obtida através da Meadeira modelo MBE-7 da Kimak (Santa Catarina, Brasil). [063] Cada meada foi pesada em balança analítica. As massas obtidas para cada fio foram utilizadas para calcular o título de cada fio conforme descrito a seguir. Os resultados obtidos encontram-se na Tabela 4. [062] The determination of the titles was carried out in accordance with the ASTM Standard 13214:1994, where a skein of 100 m of each yarn was obtained using the Meadeira model MBE-7 from Kimak (Santa Catarina, Brazil). [063] Each skein was weighed on an analytical balance. The weights obtained for each yarn were used to calculate the titre of each yarn as described below. The results obtained are shown in Table 4.
Massa pesada (g) — 100 m Heavy mass (g) — 100 m
X - 10000 m X - 10000 m
X = Título (dtex)
Figure imgf000018_0001
X = Title (dtex)
Figure imgf000018_0001
[064] Nota-se que o fio obtido no teste 1 , para uma composição de 100% PES reciclado, cuja taxa de estiragem foi a menor (1 ,61 x), apre- sentou o maior título, uma vez que quanto menor é a taxa de estiragem maior é a massa por unidade de comprimento de fio, e consequente- mente obtém-se um fio de maior título (ou diâmetro). [064] It is noted that the yarn obtained in test 1, for a composition of 100% recycled PES, whose draw rate was the lowest (1 .61 x), presented the highest title, since the lower it is the higher draw rate is the mass per unit length of yarn, and consequently a yarn with a higher quality (or diameter) is obtained.
[065] A adição do polímero virgem (PBT ou PES) mesmo que em bai- xas proporções, permitiu aumentar a taxa de estiragem do fio conside- ravelmente, aumentando assim o seu comprimento e resultando em um fio mais fino (menor título). O menor título obtido foi o do fio 4, composto por 95% de PES reciclado e 5% PES virgem. Dessa forma é possível observar que adicionando pouca quantidade de PES virgem a taxa de estiragem do fio aumenta aproximadamente 5 vezes em comparação com o fio produzido a partir de PES reciclado. Como resultado, obtém- se um título de 1245 dtex. [065] The addition of virgin polymer (PBT or PES) even in low proportions, allowed to increase the yarn drawing rate considerably, thus increasing its length and resulting in a thinner thread (lower title). The lowest titre obtained was that of yarn 4, composed of 95% recycled PES and 5% virgin PES. Thus, it is possible to observe that by adding a small amount of virgin PES, the yarn draw rate increases approximately 5 times compared to the yarn produced from recycled PES. As a result, a title of 1245 dtex is obtained.
Ensaio de Tração Traction Test
[066] O ensaio de tração nas fibras para medição da tenacidade, mó- dulo elástico e alongamento na ruptura foi realizado seguindo a Norma ISO 2062:2009 em um Dinamômetro Autodyn II 2514 da MesdanLab. As condições operacionais do ensaio estão descritas na tabela a seguir.
Figure imgf000019_0002
[066] The tensile test on the fibers to measure tenacity, elastic modulus and elongation at break was performed following the ISO 2062:2009 Standard on an Autodyn II 2514 dynamometer from MesdanLab. The test operating conditions are described in the following table.
Figure imgf000019_0002
[067] Para cada um dos 10 corpos de prova de cada fibra determinou- se a tenacidade, o módulo elástico e o alongamento máximo. A tenaci- dade (resistência à ruptura) foi calculada pela Equação 1 , onde y é a tenacidade (cN/tex), F é a carga (cN) e TMF é o título médio de fiação (tex).
Figure imgf000019_0001
[067] For each of the 10 specimens of each fiber, the tenacity, elastic modulus and maximum elongation were determined. Toughness (breaking strength) was calculated using Equation 1, where y is toughness (cN/tex), F is load (cN) and TMF is average spinning quality (tex).
Figure imgf000019_0001
Equação 1. Cálculo da tenacidade das fibras. [068] O alongamento máximo ε (%) foi calculado pela Equação 2, onde I é comprimento final (mm) e lo comprimento Inicial (mm) do corpo de prova.
Figure imgf000020_0001
Equation 1. Fiber tenacity calculation. [068] The maximum elongation ε (%) was calculated by Equation 2, where I is the final length (mm) and l is the initial length (mm) of the specimen.
Figure imgf000020_0001
Equação 2. Cálculo do alongamento máximo no ensaio de tração. Equation 2. Calculation of maximum elongation in the tensile test.
[069] A curva tenacidade versus alongamento em sua parte inicial pos- sui uma região linear onde a Lei de Hook é válida, nesta região tem-se a deformação elástica do material estudado. O módulo elástico pode ser obtido através do coeficiente angular da curva tenacidade-alonga- mento, conforme a Equação 3, onde E é o módulo elástico (cN/tex), y é a tenacidade (cN/tex) e ε é o alongamento (%).
Figure imgf000020_0002
[069] The tenacity versus elongation curve in its initial part has a linear region where Hook's Law is valid, in this region there is the elastic deformation of the studied material. The elastic modulus can be obtained through the angular coefficient of the toughness-elongation curve, according to Equation 3, where E is the elastic modulus (cN/tex), y is the toughness (cN/tex) and ε is the elongation ( %).
Figure imgf000020_0002
Equação 3. Cálculo do módulo elástico. Equation 3. Elastic modulus calculation.
[070] Os resultados obtidos com a média e desvio padrão calculados se encontram na Tabela 6, que descreve a Tenacidade, módulo elástico e alongamento na ruptura de cada fio estudado.
Figure imgf000020_0003
Figure imgf000021_0001
[070] The results obtained with the calculated mean and standard deviation are shown in Table 6, which describes the Tenacity, elastic modulus and elongation at break of each wire studied.
Figure imgf000020_0003
Figure imgf000021_0001
[071] Observa-se que o fio 100% PES reciclado apresentou elevadas taxas de alongamento, isso devido à baixa taxa de estiragem durante seu processamento. O fio 1 com título de 4870 dTex apresentou o maior alongamento devido à sua baixa taxa de estiragem, e, portanto, sua tenacidade foi a menor. A baixa tenacidade para o fio de 100% PES reciclado está associada à degradação das cadeias poliméricas nos processos de reciclagem mecânica e térmica para transformação em pellets, gerando um enfraquecimento na estrutura do polímero e con- sequentemente um fio mais frágil e de baixa processabilidade. [071] It is observed that the 100% recycled PES yarn showed high elongation rates, due to the low stretching rate during processing. Yarn 1 with a titer of 4870 dTex showed the highest elongation due to its low draw rate, and therefore its tenacity was the lowest. The low tenacity for the 100% recycled PES yarn is associated with the degradation of the polymeric chains in the mechanical and thermal recycling processes for transformation into pellets, generating a weakening of the polymer structure and consequently a more fragile yarn with low processability.
[072] No caso dos fios 3 e 5, os quais apresentaram alongamento simi- lares ~81 %. Ambos contêm em sua composição 90% do PES reciclado e 10% de polímero virgem. A adição de uma maior quantidade de polí- mero virgem permitiu uma maior taxa de alongamento do fio devido à maior integridade das cadeias poliméricas, e, portanto, maior flexibili- dade. Já os fios 2 e 4, os quais contêm 95% do PES reciclado apresen- taram menor alongamento, sendo o menor para o fio 4 (1 ,5%). É inte- ressante observar que o fio 4, o qual foi estirado com menor taxa de alongamento, foi o que apresentou o menor título dos fios obtidos (1245 dTex). [073] O fio 5 apresentou 0 maior valor de tenacidade, contendo 90% do PES reciclado e 10% do PES virgem, pode-se concluir que as condi- ções empregadas na fabricação deste fio permitem obter um fio mais resistente, adicionando uma maior proporção de polímero virgem, sem ser necessária uma quantidade excessivamente alta. [072] In the case of wires 3 and 5, which showed similar elongation ~81%. Both contain 90% recycled PES and 10% virgin polymer in their composition. The addition of a greater amount of virgin polymer allowed a higher rate of yarn elongation due to greater integrity of the polymeric chains, and therefore greater flexibility. Yarns 2 and 4, which contain 95% of recycled PES, presented the lowest elongation, with the lowest for yarn 4 (1 .5%). It is interesting to note that yarn 4, which was drawn with the lowest elongation rate, was the one that presented the lowest titer of the yarns obtained (1245 dTex). [073] Yarn 5 had the highest tenacity value, containing 90% of recycled PES and 10% of virgin PES, it can be concluded that the conditions employed in the manufacture of this yarn allow to obtain a more resistant yarn, adding a greater proportion of virgin polymer, without requiring an excessively high amount.
Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA) Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
[074] A estabilidade térmica das fibras foi determinada através de aná- lise termogravimétrica, utilizando um equipamento para análise termo- gravimétrica da Hitachi modelo STA 7300. As condições operacionais utilizadas na análise se encontram na tabela seguir.
Figure imgf000022_0001
[074] The thermal stability of the fibers was determined through thermogravimetric analysis, using a Hitachi thermogravimetric analysis equipment, model STA 7300. The operating conditions used in the analysis are shown in the following table.
Figure imgf000022_0001
[075] Para acompanhar as mudanças na estabilidade térmica das fibras a temperatura inicial extrapolada (TonSet) e temperatura final extra (Toffset) foram calculadas. A Tonset foi obtida pela interseção das tangentes do início da degradação e do máximo da degradação traçadas na curva da TG com auxílio da DTG. Já a Toffset foi obtida pela interseção das tan- gentes do final da degradação e do máximo da degradação. Os resul- tados obtidos são mostrados na Tabela 8, onde TPiCoé a temperatura do pico da DTG, onde a degradação foi máxima.
Figure imgf000023_0001
[075] To follow the changes in the thermal stability of the fibers, the extrapolated initial temperature (T onS et) and extra final temperature (Toffset) were calculated. The Tonset was obtained by the intersection of the tangents of the beginning of the degradation and the maximum of the degradation traced in the curve of the TG with the aid of the DTG. The Toffset was obtained by the intersection of the tangents of the end of degradation and the maximum of degradation. The results obtained are shown in Table 8, where T PiC o is the DTG peak temperature, where the degradation was maximum.
Figure imgf000023_0001
[076] Foi possível observar através da análise termogravimétrica que a adição de polímero virgem, seja PBT ou PES, nas concentrações tes- tadas, não Interfere na estabilidade térmica da fibra, a qual continua apresentando degradação em temperaturas elevadas próximas aos 450°C. [076] It was possible to observe through the thermogravimetric analysis that the addition of virgin polymer, whether PBT or PES, at the concentrations tested, does not interfere with the thermal stability of the fiber, which continues to show degradation at high temperatures close to 450°C.
FABRICAÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS MALHAS DE PES RECI- CLADO MANUFACTURE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RECYCLED PES KNITTING
Fabricação das Malhas - Malharia Circular (Circular Knitting) Manufacturing of Knitwear - Circular Knitting (Circular Knitting)
[077] Os fios obtidos no processo de reciclagem por fusão foram sub- metidos ao processo de malharia visando obter um tecido de malha de valor agregado. Para isso, cada fio foi tecido em malharia circular mo- nofrontura (MesdanLab Knitter) 1/2 malha, Finura: 24”, Φ = 3,75”. Apro- ximadamente 6 m de malha total foram obtidos nesse processo. As ma- lhas obtidas encontram-se na Figura 5. [077] The threads obtained in the melt recycling process were subjected to the knitting process in order to obtain a value-added knitted fabric. For this, each yarn was woven in a single-ply circular knitting machine (MesdanLab Knitter) 1/2 mesh, Fineness: 24”, Φ = 3.75”. Approximately 6 m of total mesh was obtained in this process. The meshes obtained are shown in Figure 5.
[078] No caso do fio de composição 100% PES reciclado, não foi pos- sível a fabricação do tecido de malha devido à baixa resistência mecânica e ao elevado título do fio, impossibilitando a sua processabi- lidade no processo de malharia. [078] In the case of the 100% recycled PES composition yarn, it was not possible to manufacture the knitted fabric due to the low resistance mechanics and the high quality of the yarn, making it impossible to process in the knitting process.
[079] Adicionalmente, foi observado que a adição de polímero virgem (PBT ou PES) na mistura com PES reciclado melhorou as propriedades mecânicas dos fios e possibilitou o processamento dos mesmos medi- ante o processo de malharia circular. [079] Additionally, it was observed that the addition of virgin polymer (PBT or PES) in the mixture with recycled PES improved the mechanical properties of the yarns and enabled their processing through the circular knitting process.
Gramatura Grammage
[080] A medição da gramatura das malhas foi realizada de acordo com a Norma ABNT NBR 10591 :1998, na qual a área de cada corpo de prova foi determinada utilizando um gabarito metálico de forma circular com área de 100 cm2 da Albrecht Equipamentos Industriais Ltda. Após o corte, cada corpo de prova é pesado em balança analítica e sua massa é utilizada para o cálculo da gramatura de acordo com a se- guinte equação: [080] Mesh weight measurement was performed in accordance with ABNT NBR 10591:1998 Standard, in which the area of each specimen was determined using a circular metal template with an area of 100 cm 2 from Albrecht Equipamentos Industriais Ltd. After cutting, each specimen is weighed on an analytical scale and its mass is used to calculate the grammage according to the following equation:
Gramatura (g/m2) = massa (_g) x 100 Weight (g/m 2 ) = mass (_g) x 100
Equação 4. Cálculo da gramatura das malhas. Equation 4. Mesh weight calculation.
[081] Na Tabela 9 se encontram os valores medidos da massa de cada tecido de malha, assim como a gramatura calculada.
Figure imgf000024_0001
Figure imgf000025_0001
[081] In Table 9 are the measured values of the mass of each knitted fabric, as well as the calculated weight.
Figure imgf000024_0001
Figure imgf000025_0001
[082] Utilizando o polímero reciclado puro (100% PES), não foi possível obter o tecido de malha, devido às baixas propriedades mecânicas, baixa tenacidade e títulos elevados impossibilitando a sua processabi- lidade. [082] Using pure recycled polymer (100% PES), it was not possible to obtain the knitted fabric, due to low mechanical properties, low tenacity and high titers, making it impossible to process.
[083] Adicionando polímero virgem (PBT ou PES) ao polímero reci- clado, mesmo em baixas proporções (5%), foi possível melhorar as pro- priedades mecânicas dos fios, possibilitando a sua processabilidade e fabricação do tecido de malha. [083] By adding virgin polymer (PBT or PES) to the recycled polymer, even in low proportions (5%), it was possible to improve the mechanical properties of the yarns, enabling its processability and fabrication of knitted fabric.
[084] A qualidade dos tecidos de malha obtidas foi boa, destacando que as melhores características encontradas foram para o tecido de malha fabricado com o fio (90% PES reciclado / 10% PES virgem). [084] The quality of the knitted fabrics obtained was good, highlighting that the best characteristics found were for the knitted fabric made with the yarn (90% recycled PES / 10% virgin PES).

Claims

REIVINDICAÇÕES: CLAIMS:
1. PROCESSO DE REAPROVEITAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS TÊX- TEIS SINTÉTICOS PARA OBTENÇÃO DE FIO CONTÍNUO, inclu- indo as seguintes etapas: a) separar os resíduos têxteis e selecionar os resíduos de 100% polléster; b) adicionar os resíduos de 100% polléster em uma cortadeira, de modo a obter pedaços com dimensões inferiores a 30cm2; c) transformar os retalhos de resíduos têxteis de polléster em fi- bras a partir do uso de um moinho aglutinador, sendo que para retalhos de tecidos de 100% PES, para cada 5 kg de material, foi necessário um tempo de processamento entre 5 e 10 minu- tos; d) desumidificar o material por 4h a 1 10 °C; caracterizado por e) adicionar o material no misturador termocinético que realizará a mistura com velocidade acima de 2000 rpm e o fator de en- chimento da câmara foi entre 50 e 70%; o tempo total de mis- tura foi determinado contando 5 segundos após a massa fun- dida atingir a temperatura de fusão do polléster (250 °C); f) adicionar polímero virgem (PBT ou PESv) na mistura em uma proporção de 5% para melhorar as propriedades mecânicas; g) descarregar o material por completo do interior da câmara de misturas; h) resfriar o material processado em temperatura ambiente; 1. REUSE PROCESS OF SYNTHETIC TEXTILE WASTE TO OBTAIN CONTINUOUS YARN, including the following steps: a) separate the textile waste and select the 100% polyester waste; b) add the 100% polyester residues in a cutter, in order to obtain pieces smaller than 30cm 2 ; c) transforming scraps of polyester textile waste into fibers using a binding mill, considering that for scraps of 100% PES fabrics, for each 5 kg of material, a processing time of between 5 and 10 minutes; d) dehumidify the material for 4h at 110 °C; characterized by e) adding the material to the thermokinetic mixer that will perform the mixing at a speed above 2000 rpm and the filling factor of the chamber was between 50 and 70%; the total mixing time was determined by counting 5 seconds after the melt reached the melting temperature of the polyester (250 °C); f) add virgin polymer (PBT or PESv) in the mixture in a proportion of 5% to improve the mechanical properties; g) unloading the material completely inside the mixing chamber; h) cooling the processed material at room temperature;
I) micronizar a mistura em um moinho de facas, que possui uma peneira com abertura de 5,6 mesh, rotor com diâmetro de 200mm, com 03 navalhas rotativas dispostas no rotor e 02 na- valhas fixas na câmara de moagem, sendo que o corte utilizado foi o tipo tesoura e a velocidade foi de 285 RPM, para obter peilets em dimensões adequadas; j) os pellets obtidos foram utilizados como matéria-prima no pro- cesso de extrusão para formação de fios compostos por diver- sos filamentos contínuos; k) desumidificação dos pellets a 150 °C por 24 h para eliminar a umidade do polímero e favorecer seu processamento, para ob- tenção dos fios; l) extrusar os pellets em uma extrusora dupla-rosca modelo,
Figure imgf000027_0001
com matriz multifilamentos e uma estiradeira com 4 rolos do tipo godet; m) realizar o resfriamento contínuo das fibras com ar sintético até a temperatura de 20 °C e após resfriadas, as fibras foram esti- radas em 4 rolos godet aquecidos a 70 °C. n) armazenar os fios enrolados na forma de filamento contínuo em um tubo com diâmetro interno e externo de 94 e 104 mm, res- pectivamente, observa-se um fio de cor preta proveniente da coloração dos resíduos têxteis utilizados. FIO OBTIDO PELO PROCESSO, conforme definido na reivindica- ção 1 , caracterizado por obter fios com composições de 95% PESR - 5% PBT formado por vários filamentos, 90% PESR - 10% PBT formado por vários filamentos, 95% PES - 5% PESv formado por vários filamentos e 90% PES - 10% PESv formado por vários filamentos, onde os fios resultantes foram submetidos ao processo de malharia, onde cada fio foi tecido em malharia circular.
I) micronize the mixture in a knife mill, which has a sieve with a 5.6 mesh opening, rotor with a diameter of 200mm, with 03 rotating blades arranged in the rotor and 02 fixed knives in the grinding chamber, with the cut used it was the scissor type and the speed was 285 RPM, to obtain pellets in adequate dimensions; j) the pellets obtained were used as raw material in the extrusion process to form threads composed of several continuous filaments; k) dehumidification of the pellets at 150 °C for 24 h to eliminate moisture from the polymer and favor its processing to obtain yarn; l) extrude the pellets in a model twin-screw extruder,
Figure imgf000027_0001
with multifilament matrix and a stretcher with 4 godet-type rollers; m) perform continuous cooling of the fibers with synthetic air to a temperature of 20 °C and after cooling, the fibers were stretched on 4 godet rollers heated to 70 °C. n) store the wound threads in the form of a continuous filament in a tube with an internal and external diameter of 94 and 104 mm, respectively, a black thread resulting from the color of the textile waste used is observed. YARN OBTAINED BY THE PROCESS, as defined in claim 1, characterized by obtaining yarns with compositions of 95% PES R - 5% PBT formed by several filaments, 90% PES R - 10% PBT formed by several filaments, 95% PES - 5% PESv formed by several filaments and 90% PES - 10% PESv formed by several filaments, where the resulting yarns were submitted to the knitting process, where each yarn was woven in circular knitting.
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