WO2023103490A1 - Method and apparatus for obtaining electric energy - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and apparatus for obtaining electric energy. In the present invention, a different solution from the magnetic flux change mode of conventional generators is provided, which does not use relative movement between the magnet and the iron core or between iron cores to periodically change the magnetic flux and the direction of magnetic flux in the iron core, such that the coil surrounding the iron core induces the change in magnetic flux. As a replacement, the change is: the magnetic flux and the direction of magnetic flux are kept unchanged, but a regular distribution is presented, so that the coil moves relative to the iron core, comprising continuous movement and jumping movement, such that the change in magnetic flux is induced. For continuous movement, because the iron core shields the magnetic field lines in the air around the coil, lenz's force is not generated; for jumping movement, the movement mechanism of the coil avoids lenz's force, and therefore, both generate almost no resistance, greatly improving power generation efficiency, and the permanent magnetic energy is directly extracted inside the generator and converted into electric energy.

Description

获取电能的方法和装置Method and device for obtaining electrical energy 技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种获取电能的方法和装置，属于新能源发电技术中的可以直接提取永磁能转化为电能但极少消耗其它能量的发电技术领域。The invention relates to a method and a device for obtaining electric energy, which belong to the field of electric power generation technology that can directly extract permanent magnet energy and convert it into electric energy but rarely consume other energy in new energy power generation technology.

背景技术Background technique

自从发电机问世一百多年来，技术一直处于不断的创新和完善之中，完美提取永磁能也是这样。传统发电机由于是通过磁铁与铁芯之间或铁芯与铁芯之间的相对运动使铁芯中的磁通量和磁通方向发生周期性变化，造成楞次磁通总是阻碍运动的进行，导致永磁能转化为电能的同时又消耗了大量的机械能，相当于将机械能转化为电能。一方面永磁能被白白的浪费，人们为了得到电能而苦苦挖掘化石燃料和核能燃料去用这些燃料换取机械能再转化为电能，另一方面无数专家学者为了提高发电效率而劳心费神殚精竭虑，但是仍然举步维艰收效甚微因为老方法已经穷途末路。一直以来，有一个现象被人们忽视，那就是线圈相对于铁芯的连续运动和跳跃运动，不改变铁芯中的磁通量和磁通方向，却改变了线圈中的磁通量和磁通方向，这样产生电能的楞次磁通，几乎并不阻碍运动部件或驱动机构的运动，虽然可以极大地不可以思议的提高发电能效，却一直没有人尝试过。Since the generator came out for more than a hundred years, the technology has been in constant innovation and improvement, and the same is true for the perfect extraction of permanent magnet energy. Due to the relative movement between the magnet and the iron core or between the iron core and the iron core in the traditional generator, the magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux in the iron core are periodically changed, resulting in the Lenz magnetic flux always hindering the movement, resulting in The conversion of permanent magnet energy into electrical energy consumes a large amount of mechanical energy, which is equivalent to converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. On the one hand, the permanent magnet energy is wasted in vain. People dig fossil fuels and nuclear fuels to exchange these fuels for mechanical energy and then convert them into electric energy in order to obtain electric energy. On the other hand, countless experts and scholars work hard to improve power generation efficiency. Struggles do little good because the old ways are dead. For a long time, there is a phenomenon that has been ignored by people, that is, the continuous movement and jumping movement of the coil relative to the iron core does not change the magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux in the iron core, but changes the magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux in the coil, thus producing The Lenz flux of electric energy hardly hinders the movement of moving parts or driving mechanisms. Although it can greatly improve the energy efficiency of power generation, no one has tried it.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明所要解决的技术问题是：传统的发电机由于是通过机械运动使铁芯中的磁通量和磁通方向发生周期性变化，造成楞次磁通总是阻碍运动的进行，消耗了更多的机械能降低了效率，无法在发电机中直接提取永磁能转变为电能，只能将机械能转化为电能。本发明采用线圈相对于铁芯运动包括连续运动和跳跃运动的方案，使楞次磁通由于屏蔽无法产生楞次力，或者虽然有楞次力但是产生在磁铁和铁芯这些固定部件之间，对运动线圈或运动机制的抵抗极其微小甚至没有。从而极大地提高了发电效率，相当于直接在发电机中提取永磁能或提取励磁的电能转变为电能。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: because the traditional generator periodically changes the magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux in the iron core through mechanical movement, the Lenz magnetic flux always hinders the movement and consumes more energy. The mechanical energy reduces the efficiency, and the permanent magnet energy cannot be directly extracted in the generator to convert it into electrical energy, only the mechanical energy can be converted into electrical energy. The present invention adopts the solution that the motion of the coil relative to the iron core includes continuous motion and jumping motion, so that the Lenz magnetic flux cannot generate the Lenz force due to shielding, or the Lenz force is generated between the fixed parts such as the magnet and the iron core. There is little to no resistance to the moving coil or movement mechanism. Thus, the power generation efficiency is greatly improved, which is equivalent to directly extracting the permanent magnet energy or extracting the electric energy of the excitation into electric energy in the generator.

本发明提供的技术方案是，有两个技术方案：一个是线圈相对于铁芯的连续运动；一个是线圈相对于铁芯的跳跃运动。The technical solution provided by the invention is that there are two technical solutions: one is the continuous motion of the coil relative to the iron core; the other is the jumping motion of the coil relative to the iron core.

先说线圈相对于铁芯的连续运动，即煎饼线圈相对于铁芯的连续圆周运动。Let me talk about the continuous motion of the coil relative to the iron core, that is, the continuous circular motion of the pancake coil relative to the iron core.

连续运动的技术方案是，将铁芯做成多个直板桥和桥洞的形状，或者其它形状的桥和桥洞的形状，磁铁或励磁线圈的磁通经由桥墩流过直板桥身或桥身，再到相邻的桥墩回到另一极或回到另一个磁铁的另一极，使每个相邻直板桥身内或桥身内的磁通方向相反，于是整体上这些桥身内的磁通大小和方向就呈现有规则的近似方波的分布，但铁芯的屏蔽效应使桥面上方空气中没有磁通，于是桥面上的煎饼线圈在相对运动中能够感应直板桥身内或桥身内的磁通而发电，却不能产生桥面上空气中的楞次力，让煎饼线圈相对于铁芯桥面无阻力发电运行。The technical scheme of continuous motion is to make the iron core into the shape of multiple straight bridges and bridge holes, or other shapes of bridges and bridge holes, and the magnetic flux of the magnet or excitation coil flows through the straight bridge body or the bridge body through the pier, and then To the adjacent pier back to the other pole or back to the other pole of another magnet, so that the direction of the magnetic flux in each adjacent straight bridge body or in the bridge body is opposite, so the magnitude and direction of the magnetic flux in these bridge bodies as a whole It presents a regular approximate square wave distribution, but the shielding effect of the iron core makes there is no magnetic flux in the air above the bridge deck, so the pancake coils on the bridge deck can induce the magnetic flux in the straight bridge body or in the bridge body during relative motion. To generate electricity, it cannot generate the Lenz force in the air on the bridge surface, so that the pancake coil can generate electricity without resistance relative to the iron core bridge surface.

直板桥铁芯的局部剖视图如图3(a)如图3(b)。The partial sectional view of straight bridge iron core is shown in Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b).

线圈相对于铁芯的圆周运动，以一个绕两层的煎饼线圈为例，当线圈运动到图3(b1)的位置时，相当于传统发电机中线圈中的磁通量最大，当线圈由图3(b1)的位置运动到图3(b2)的位置，相当于线圈内的磁通由最大变化到0，当线圈由图3(b2)的位置运动到图3(b3)的位置，相当于线圈内的磁通由0变化到反向最大。由此线圈中的磁通大小和方向在相对运动中呈现周期性变化，线圈中产生感生电动势。The circular motion of the coil relative to the iron core, taking a pancake coil wound around two layers as an example, when the coil moves to the position shown in Figure 3 (b1), it is equivalent to the maximum magnetic flux in the coil in the traditional generator. The position of (b1) moves to the position of Figure 3 (b2), which is equivalent to the change of the magnetic flux in the coil from the maximum to 0. When the coil moves from the position of Figure 3 (b2) to the position of Figure 3 (b3), it is equivalent to The magnetic flux in the coil changes from 0 to reverse maximum. Therefore, the magnitude and direction of the magnetic flux in the coil show periodic changes in the relative motion, and an induced electromotive force is generated in the coil.

由于铁芯屏蔽了磁铁或励磁线圈散布在煎饼线圈周围空气中的磁通，感生电流带负荷后产生的分布在煎饼线圈周围的楞次磁通就无法产生楞次力。穿过铁芯浅层的塄次磁通也回到空气中另一个线圈的另一极，形成了一个个回路而不能到达磁铁，只能产生线圈与铁芯之间的吸引力。进入铁芯和流出铁芯回到空气的楞次磁通量相同，都表现为吸引力。即使楞次磁通太大穿透了铁芯，与磁铁或励磁线圈直接作用，也只是铁芯与磁铁之间或铁芯与励磁线圈之间的作用力，煎饼线圈与铁芯之间仍为吸引力，这与电磁铁内部的线圈与铁芯之间在工作时候没有排斥力的道理相同。所以发电机运行只需克服因铁芯深浅不一所致吸引力时大时小的影响，阻力非常的小，相当于直接将永磁能或励磁能转化为了电能。这样就解决了传统发电机的转子与定子相对运动中总是克服楞次力消耗更多机械能无法直接将永磁能转化为电能的技术问题。Since the iron core shields the magnetic flux distributed by the magnet or the excitation coil in the air around the pancake coil, the Lenz magnetic flux distributed around the pancake coil generated by the induced current under load cannot generate the Lenz force. The magnetic flux passing through the shallow layer of the iron core also returns to the other pole of another coil in the air, forming loops one by one and cannot reach the magnet, only the attraction between the coil and the iron core can be generated. The Lenz magnetic flux entering the iron core and flowing out of the iron core back to the air are the same, and both act as attractive forces. Even if the Lenz magnetic flux is too large to penetrate the iron core and act directly on the magnet or the exciting coil, it is only the force between the iron core and the magnet or between the iron core and the exciting coil, and the pancake coil and the iron core are still attractive. This is the same reason that there is no repulsive force between the coil and the iron core inside the electromagnet when it is working. Therefore, the operation of the generator only needs to overcome the influence of the large and small attraction caused by the different depths of the iron core, and the resistance is very small, which is equivalent to directly converting the permanent magnet energy or excitation energy into electric energy. This solves the technical problem that the traditional generator always overcomes the Lenz force and consumes more mechanical energy in the relative movement between the rotor and the stator and cannot directly convert the permanent magnetic energy into electrical energy.

该方案的两个关键部件是铁芯和煎饼线圈，二者可以互为转子和定子。煎饼线圈和骨架作为转子时需要从电刷上引出电压输出线。The two key components of the scheme are the iron core and the pancake coil, which can be the rotor and the stator of each other. When the pancake coil and the skeleton are used as the rotor, the voltage output line needs to be drawn from the brush.

铁芯是板桥结构的铁芯。铁芯中嵌入多个磁铁，或者不用磁铁而采用励磁线圈的方式，让铁芯板桥中静止磁通的大小和方向，在与线圈相对运动方向上呈现有规则的如同正负方波一样的变化。对于圆柱式发电机，从图4(a)可以直接看到板桥结构的形状；对于圆盘式发电机，铁芯的外形如图1(a)如图2，其局部单元剖面形状如图3.The iron core is the iron core of the bridge structure. Multiple magnets are embedded in the iron core, or excitation coils are used instead of magnets, so that the magnitude and direction of the static magnetic flux in the iron core plate bridge presents regular positive and negative square waves in the direction of relative motion to the coils. Variety. For cylindrical generators, the shape of the plate bridge structure can be seen directly from Figure 4(a); for disc generators, the shape of the iron core is shown in Figure 1(a) and Figure 2, and the cross-sectional shape of its local units is shown in Figure 2 3.

磁铁的充磁方向在铁芯中的布置有两种方法，一种是磁铁的充磁方向与铁芯和线圈的相对表面互相垂直，如图2就是盘式的互相垂直的类型；另一种是磁铁的充磁方向与铁芯和线圈的相对表面互相平行或相切，当平行或相切时，相邻两个磁铁的极性相对。如图1(a)是圆盘式平行式的，图1(a)中铁芯中还没有嵌入磁铁。There are two ways to arrange the magnetization direction of the magnet in the iron core. One is that the magnetization direction of the magnet is perpendicular to the opposite surface of the iron core and the coil, as shown in Figure 2, which is a disk type perpendicular to each other; The magnetization direction of the magnet is parallel or tangent to the opposite surface of the iron core and the coil. When parallel or tangent, the polarities of the two adjacent magnets are opposite. As shown in Fig. 1(a), it is a disc type parallel type, and there is no magnet embedded in the iron core in Fig. 1(a).

该发电机铁芯采用直板桥和孔洞的方式，一是使磁铁远离煎饼线圈，降低磁铁的反向磁通的影响(这主要是对于磁极方向与铁芯线圈相对表面互相平行的类型而言的)；二是使铁芯直板桥的厚度适当，便于形成饱和或接近饱和的磁通密度；三是留出空气通道，便于散热；四是有利于更彻底的屏蔽线圈周围空气中的磁通，多余的磁通从桥洞空气中流过，铁芯外面就没有磁通了。The iron core of the generator adopts the method of straight bridge and hole, one is to keep the magnet away from the pancake coil, and reduce the influence of the reverse magnetic flux of the magnet (this is mainly for the type where the direction of the magnetic pole is parallel to the opposite surface of the core coil ); the second is to make the thickness of the iron core straight plate bridge appropriate, which is convenient to form a saturated or close to saturated magnetic flux density; the third is to leave an air channel for easy heat dissipation; the fourth is to help more thoroughly shield the magnetic flux in the air around the coil, The excess magnetic flux flows through the air in the bridge hole, and there is no magnetic flux outside the iron core.

线圈是自粘煎饼线圈，由多个煎饼线圈嵌入煎饼骨架中充当转子或定子。骨架和线圈的形状对于圆柱式发电机是圆柱曲面式的薄饼形状，对于圆盘式发电机是圆盘平面式的薄饼形状。图1(c)是圆盘式发电机的线圈骨架，外圈有4个耳朵和螺丝孔用于径向同心度定位，里面嵌有若干个煎饼线圈，每个煎饼线圈的两头已经折弯。图1(d)右侧是圆盘式发电机的单个煎饼线圈的绕线方式，左侧是煎饼线圈的形状，两头折弯是为了感应更多的磁通；圆柱式发电机单个煎饼线圈的绕线方式及形状与此相似，只是长度很长，且宽度方向是曲面形状。The coil is a self-adhesive pancake coil consisting of multiple pancake coils embedded in a pancake skeleton to act as a rotor or stator. The shape of the skeleton and the coil is a pancake shape with a cylindrical surface for a cylindrical generator, and a flat pancake shape for a disc generator. Figure 1(c) is the coil skeleton of the disc generator. There are four ears and screw holes on the outer ring for radial concentricity positioning. There are several pancake coils embedded in it, and the two ends of each pancake coil have been bent. The right side of Figure 1(d) is the winding method of a single pancake coil of a disc generator, the left side is the shape of a pancake coil, and the two ends are bent to induce more magnetic flux; the winding method of a single pancake coil of a cylindrical generator The winding method and shape are similar to this, except that the length is very long, and the width direction is a curved shape.

圆柱式发电机的结构如图4(a)，它由偶数个磁铁布置在铁芯的桥下，或者桥下采用励磁的方式，使圆周运动方向的板桥桥身中的磁通大小和方向呈现有规则的如同正负方波一样的分布，让煎饼线圈相对于铁芯板桥的桥面做圆周运动，从而产生感生电动势。当采用励磁式的时候，可以让铁芯作为转子，煎饼线圈作为定子。The structure of the cylindrical generator is shown in Figure 4(a). It consists of an even number of magnets arranged under the bridge of the iron core, or the way of excitation is used under the bridge to make the magnetic flux in the bridge body in the direction of circular motion and the direction It presents a regular distribution like positive and negative square waves, so that the pancake coil makes a circular motion relative to the bridge deck of the iron core bridge, thereby generating an induced electromotive force. When the excitation type is used, the iron core can be used as the rotor, and the pancake coil can be used as the stator.

圆盘式发电机的结构如图4(b)，它的每一套磁铁可以维持两个铁芯盘面，做成图1(a)或图2那样的铁芯转子或铁芯定子，采用多级结构，定子之间用定位环定位，转子之间用轴套定位，处于中间位置的煎饼线圈的前后两侧都可以在转动时感应铁芯中的磁通，提高了能量密度。The structure of the disk generator is shown in Figure 4(b). Each set of magnets can maintain two iron core disks to make an iron core rotor or iron core stator as shown in Figure 1(a) or Figure 2. The stage structure, the positioning ring is used for positioning between the stators, and the shaft sleeve is used for positioning between the rotors. The front and rear sides of the pancake coil in the middle position can sense the magnetic flux in the iron core when rotating, which improves the energy density.

图1(c)和图1(d)中的线圈是盘式发电机的煎饼线圈，其两头超出铁芯的部分都折弯成了弧形直角，同理，对于圆柱式发电机的煎饼线圈，两头如果折弯是要折弯成平面直角，且圆柱式线圈作为转子时折弯后的装配顺序是先装线圈再装骨架。The coils in Figure 1(c) and Figure 1(d) are pancake coils of disc generators, and the parts beyond the iron core at both ends are bent into an arc at right angles. Similarly, for the pancake coils of cylindrical generators If the two ends are bent, they should be bent into a plane at right angles, and when the cylindrical coil is used as the rotor, the assembly sequence after bending is to install the coil first and then the skeleton.

该线圈的方案包括折弯直角的方案和不折弯的方案，虽然两个方案都能发电，但由于折弯后形成线圈对铁芯的半包围状态，显然折弯的方案能感应更多的磁通以及能量密度更大。The scheme of the coil includes the scheme of bending at right angles and the scheme of not bending. Although both schemes can generate electricity, but because the coil forms a semi-enclosed state of the iron core after bending, it is obvious that the bending scheme can induce more Magnetic flux and energy density are greater.

由于这种发电机是无阻力运行，所以盘式发电机有必要设置成多级结构提高发电容量。Since this generator runs without resistance, it is necessary for the disk generator to be arranged in a multi-stage structure to increase the generating capacity.

该发电机与空心线圈发电机不同，不是以空气为介质感应空气中的磁通量和磁通方向，而是以铁芯为介质感应铁芯中的磁通量和磁通方向，所以以铁芯为介质的感生电动势与以空气为介质相比，是不在一个数量级的(相差多个数量级)。This generator is different from the air-core coil generator. It does not use air as the medium to induce the magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux in the air, but uses the iron core as the medium to induce the magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux in the iron core, so the iron core is used as the medium. Compared with air as the medium, the induced electromotive force is not in the same order of magnitude (the difference is several orders of magnitude).

煎饼线圈的楞次磁通与铁芯之间的吸引力可以通过加强骨架粘接强度和前后抵消来处理。具体来说，就是煎饼线圈采用自粘线圈，胶水凝固后的强度与骨架的强度相当，并且线圈与骨架之间也要粘结牢固，或者也可以将线圈和骨架用高强度胶水一体化浇注，在线圈尺寸大于铁芯的尺寸处，加装支撑固定件使线圈卡死在骨架上，必要时线圈层与层之间加一些细的筋线或很薄的筋网或筋板。当采用圆柱式发电机时，是利用径向对称的两个吸引力互相抵消。当采用盘式多级发电机时，中间的每个线圈或铁芯都受到前后两个吸引力，当气隙相等时就互相抵消了。The attractive force between the Lenz flux of the pancake coil and the iron core can be dealt with by strengthening the bonding strength of the skeleton and offsetting the front and back. Specifically, the pancake coil uses a self-adhesive coil, the strength of the glue after solidification is equivalent to the strength of the skeleton, and the coil and the skeleton must be firmly bonded, or the coil and the skeleton can be integrated with high-strength glue. Where the size of the coil is larger than the size of the iron core, add supporting fixtures so that the coil is stuck on the skeleton, and if necessary, add some thin ribs or thin ribs or ribs between the coil layers. When a cylindrical generator is used, the two radially symmetrical attractive forces are used to cancel each other out. When a disc-type multi-stage generator is used, each coil or iron core in the middle is subjected to two attractive forces, which cancel each other out when the air gaps are equal.

至于怎样保持气隙均等，可以在装配时同时采用两个措施：第一个是轴的两端一端使用推力轴承或推力轴承加向心轴承，另一端使用向心轴承；第二个是故意让全部转子的轴向受力不平衡，推力轴承那一端受吸引力大，另一端受吸引力小。使全部转子轴向受力不平衡有三个方法:一个方法是让发电机竖直运行，利用转子的重量使轴向受力不平衡，二个方法是让个别转子或个别定子不发电，从而使吸引力偏向一端；三个方法是在轴上再增加一套无刷电机的转子和定子，利用无刷电机的轴向推力使转子的受力不均衡。加装无刷电机后，就不需要外部动力机械了。As for how to keep the air gap equal, two measures can be taken at the same time during assembly: the first is to use a thrust bearing or a thrust bearing plus a radial bearing at one end of the shaft, and a radial bearing at the other end; The axial force of the entire rotor is unbalanced, the thrust bearing end receives a large force, and the other end receives a small force. There are three ways to unbalance the axial force of all rotors: one method is to let the generator run vertically, and use the weight of the rotor to make the axial force unbalanced; the second method is to prevent individual rotors or individual stators from generating electricity, so that The attractive force is biased towards one end; the third method is to add a set of brushless motor rotor and stator on the shaft, and use the axial thrust of the brushless motor to make the force of the rotor unbalanced. With the addition of a brushless motor, no external power machinery is required.

除此之外，还有一个不采用推力轴承也能维持气隙均等的方法：这就是在发电机转轴上加装盘式无刷电机的转子和定子，但让无刷电机产生前后两个方向的轴向推力，从而可以使整体的转子都稳定在某一个位置不动。轴的两端都使用向心轴承，轴承孔做成通孔。这个方法也不需要外部的动力机械。In addition, there is another method to maintain an equal air gap without using thrust bearings: this is to install the rotor and stator of a disc-type brushless motor on the shaft of the generator, but let the brushless motor produce two directions forward and backward. The axial thrust, so that the whole rotor can be stabilized in a certain position. Both ends of the shaft use radial bearings, and the bearing holes are made as through holes. This method also requires no external power machinery.

这个方案最大最直接的效果就是将发电效率惊人的提高，由于转子的转动阻力很小，所以对于盘式发电机一般都做成有多级转子和多级定子的比较大发电容量的发电机，由于一般是多级的，所以能在线圈的前后两侧感应到铁芯中的磁力线，所以与线圈围绕铁芯凸极绕线使线圈只有一侧感应的方式相比，对于能量密度起到了一个提高的作用。The biggest and most direct effect of this scheme is to increase the power generation efficiency surprisingly. Since the rotation resistance of the rotor is very small, disc generators are generally made into generators with relatively large power generation capacity with multi-stage rotors and multi-stage stators. Because it is generally multi-level, the magnetic field lines in the iron core can be induced on the front and rear sides of the coil, so compared with the way that the coil is wound around the salient poles of the iron core so that only one side of the coil is induced, it has played a role in energy density. Enhanced effect.

再说线圈相对于铁芯的跳跃运动的方案。Let's talk about the scheme of the jumping motion of the coil relative to the iron core.

含有单相电的方案和多相电的方案，还有单级方案和多级方案。先说单相单级方案。There are single-phase electricity schemes and multi-phase electricity schemes, as well as single-level schemes and multi-level schemes. Let me talk about the single-phase single-stage scheme first.

这个方案是利用磁铁和铁芯的正确设置或励磁线圈和铁芯的正确设置，在一段或多段铁芯的多个凸极中分别产生两个方向的静止磁通，在这些铁芯凸极上套上或绕上静止线圈，这些线圈都是相连的，在这些线圈的相同匝数位置抽出抽头，或者在相邻两线圈之间抽出抽头。然后用两根电压输出线，依次与这些抽头快速通断，相当于与两根电压输出线相连的线圈沿着铁芯凸极做快速往复运动，运动中让与两根输出线相连的线圈中的磁通量和磁通方向发生快速周期性变化。由于两抽头之间含有多匝线圈，所以它的运动是相当于多匝线圈从一个凸极跳跃进入另一个凸极，叫做跳跃运动。This scheme is to use the correct setting of the magnet and the iron core or the correct setting of the exciting coil and the iron core to generate static magnetic fluxes in two directions in multiple salient poles of one or more segments of the iron core, and on these salient poles of the iron core Slip on or wind stationary coils, these coils are connected, draw taps at the same number of turns of these coils, or draw taps between two adjacent coils. Then use two voltage output lines to quickly switch on and off these taps in turn, which is equivalent to the coil connected to the two voltage output lines doing fast reciprocating motion along the salient pole of the iron core, and the coil connected to the two output lines will Rapid periodic changes in magnetic flux and flux direction. Since there are multi-turn coils between the two taps, its movement is equivalent to the multi-turn coil jumping from one salient pole to another salient pole, which is called jumping motion.

这个方案的装置是由两部分或三部分组成，两部分时是由固定部件和驱动机构组成，三部分时是由固定部件和驱动机构和暂储暂放电装置组成。只有固定部件和驱动机构也能发电，但效率还不太理想。The device of this scheme is made up of two parts or three parts, and two parts are made up of fixed part and drive mechanism, and three parts are made up of fixed part, drive mechanism and temporary storage and temporary discharge device. Only the fixed parts and the drive mechanism can also generate electricity, but the efficiency is not ideal.

***的感生电动势是由固定部件和驱动机构产生的。在产生感生电动势的过程中，不断的丢失线圈和接入线圈，这些不断接入的线圈有可能产生持续不断的压降，如果这些线圈在接入之前都已经失电很干净了，那么这个压降就会将感生电动势降得无法使用。但是带电线圈断电后的失电需要时间，且线圈连接空气的失电速度比其它导体更慢，而我们的驱动机构前进速度又很快，线圈刚流出一点点电流就又重新回到回路，那么线圈短暂脱离回路的电感能损失就会很少，压降也就不会那么大了。至于得电时间与失电时间平均一样长，即线圈回到回路与脱离回路的时间平均一样长，为什么得电不能被失完？这是线圈的固有属性决定的，线圈本来得电就比失电快，从0得电到某值和从某值失电到0，得电用时要短得多。更何况线圈得电不是外界传输给它，而是它感生磁通自己生成的。驱动速度越快，感生电动势越大，压降就越小，那么总能达到一个较快驱动速度下的输出电压，与常规发电机常规速度下的输出电压相同。尽管如此，用电容收集这些损失还给发电***以提高效率，作为发电***多设置一个收集装置不仅是值得的，更是锦上添花的。除了可以适应较慢的驱动机构前进速度之外，对于多相电和多级电，收集装置即暂储暂放电装置使利用剩磁的增益效应越发明显。The induced electromotive force of the system is generated by the fixed parts and the driving mechanism. In the process of generating induced electromotive force, the coils are continuously lost and connected. These continuously connected coils may generate continuous voltage drop. If these coils have been de-energized and clean before being connected, then this The voltage drop will drop the induced emf to an unusable level. However, it takes time to lose power after the coil is powered off, and the power loss speed of the coil connected to the air is slower than that of other conductors, and our drive mechanism moves forward very fast, and the coil returns to the loop as soon as a little current flows out. Then the loss of inductance energy when the coil is temporarily out of the loop will be very small, and the voltage drop will not be so large. As for the power-on time and the power-off time, the average time is the same, that is, the average time for the coil to return to the circuit is the same as the time to leave the circuit. Why can't the power be completely lost? This is determined by the inherent properties of the coil. The coil gains power faster than it loses power. The time it takes to get power from 0 to a certain value and from a certain value to 0 is much shorter. What's more, the power of the coil is not transmitted to it from the outside world, but generated by its own induced magnetic flux. The faster the driving speed, the greater the induced electromotive force, and the smaller the voltage drop, so the output voltage at a faster driving speed can always be achieved, which is the same as the output voltage at the normal speed of a conventional generator. Nevertheless, using capacitors to collect these losses and return them to the power generation system to improve efficiency, it is not only worthwhile to set up an additional collection device as a power generation system, but also a icing on the cake. In addition to being able to adapt to the slower forward speed of the driving mechanism, for multi-phase electricity and multi-level electricity, the collection device, that is, the temporary storage and temporary discharge device, makes the gain effect of using residual magnetism more obvious.

利用磁铁和铁芯的正确设置，或者是利用励磁线圈和铁芯的正确设置，在一段铁芯或多段铁芯的多个凸极中产生两个方向的静止磁通，在这些铁芯凸极上套上或绕上静止线圈，这些线圈都是相连的，在这些线圈的相同匝数位置或者是在相邻两线圈之间抽出抽头并标出数字标号。这些多个磁铁或励磁线圈、多个铁芯凸极、桥架和多个线圈多个抽头，就组成了固定部件。Using the correct arrangement of magnets and iron cores, or using the correct arrangement of excitation coils and iron cores, static magnetic fluxes in two directions are generated in multiple salient poles of one or more sections of iron cores, and in these salient poles of iron cores Put or wind stationary coils on the top, and these coils are all connected, and taps are drawn at the same number of turns of these coils or between two adjacent coils and marked with digital labels. These multiple magnets or excitation coils, multiple iron core salient poles, bridges and multiple taps of multiple coils constitute the fixed part.

而驱动机构有很多种。There are many types of drive mechanisms.

第一种是电刷式圆周驱动。The first is a brushed circular drive.

采用两个静止电刷可以被两个相连的运动电刷同时接触就导通，同时离开就断开的原理，将两个静止电刷和两个运动电刷当成一个开关，然后用若干个这样的开关的一端与抽头连接，开关的另一端用导线将与前一半抽头连接的开关并联起来，再用另一根导线将与后一半抽头连接的开关并联起来，两根并联线就成为了电压输出线。将这些静止电刷置于定子圆盘的盘面上，或置于定子圆柱的圆周上，让两对刷握作为转子做圆周运动，让刷握内的运动电刷依次将这些静止电刷导通，使前一半开关中和后一半开关中总有两个个处于导通状态，且导通状态的开关所控制的线圈中的磁通量和磁通方向在导通过程中不断发生周期性变化，产生感生电动势。Using the principle that two stationary brushes can be turned on when two connected moving brushes are in contact at the same time, and disconnected when they leave at the same time, the two static brushes and the two moving brushes are used as a switch, and then several such One end of the switch is connected to the tap, and the other end of the switch is connected in parallel with the switch connected to the first half of the tap with a wire, and then connected in parallel with the switch connected to the second half of the tap with another wire, and the two parallel wires become a voltage output line. Place these stationary brushes on the surface of the stator disk, or on the circumference of the stator cylinder, let the two pairs of brush holders act as rotors to perform circular motion, and let the moving brushes in the brush holders conduct these stationary brushes in turn. , so that two of the first half switch and the second half switch are always in the conduction state, and the magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux in the coil controlled by the switch in the conduction state are constantly changing periodically during the conduction process, resulting in induced electromotive force.

这种驱动可能会在高速运动中有接触不良的情况，所以对于电刷材料和精度会有所要求。This kind of drive may have poor contact during high-speed motion, so there will be requirements for the brush material and precision.

第二种是霍尔元件与电子开关相配合的驱动。The second is the drive in which the Hall element cooperates with the electronic switch.

用转动的小磁铁触发霍尔元件产生电压信号，用霍尔元件的电压信号驱动电子开关单元的开合动作。若干个电子开关单元标出数字标号，将其一端与固定部件的相同标号的抽头连接，另一端用两根导线分别将前一半电子开关单元和后一半电子开关单元并联，并联后的两根导线作为电压输出线。A small rotating magnet is used to trigger the Hall element to generate a voltage signal, and the voltage signal of the Hall element is used to drive the opening and closing action of the electronic switch unit. Several electronic switch units are marked with digital labels, and one end of them is connected to the tap of the same label of the fixed part, and the other end uses two wires to connect the first half of the electronic switch units and the second half of the electronic switch units in parallel, and the two wires after parallel connection as a voltage output line.

当霍尔元件控制下的电子开关依次开合时，相当于闭合状态的电子开关所连接的线圈在不同的铁芯之间来回移动，使线圈内的磁通量和磁通方向发生快速的周期性变化，产生感生电动势。When the electronic switch under the control of the Hall element opens and closes sequentially, the coil connected to the electronic switch in the closed state moves back and forth between different iron cores, causing the magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux in the coil to change rapidly and periodically , generating an induced electromotive force.

这种驱动方式避免了接触不良，但由于霍尔元件有少许延时，电子开关又有少许延时，综合的延时还是有的，要想跟上当前能达到的几万转每分钟的小磁铁旋转速度还有难度。况且难点还有小磁铁和霍尔元件的配合，要想让前一对电子开关将要断开还没有断开时就让后一对电子开关导通，需要进行多次的修正。This driving method avoids poor contact, but because the Hall element has a little delay and the electronic switch has a little delay, there is still a comprehensive delay. If you want to keep up with the current small Magnet rotation speed is also difficult. Moreover, the difficult point is the cooperation of the small magnet and the Hall element. If the former pair of electronic switches are about to be disconnected and the latter pair of electronic switches are not disconnected, the latter pair of electronic switches must be turned on, and multiple corrections are required.

第三种是电路板式驱动。The third is the circuit board drive.

用时钟电路或单片机直接控制电子开关的开合动作。每个电子开关的一端连接固定部件的抽头，另一端用两根电压输出线分别将前一半和后一半电子开关并联起来，与霍尔驱动的原理相同，并联后的两根导线就可以得到电能。The opening and closing action of the electronic switch is directly controlled by a clock circuit or a single-chip microcomputer. One end of each electronic switch is connected to the tap of the fixed part, and the other end uses two voltage output wires to connect the first half and the second half of the electronic switches in parallel, which is the same as the principle of Hall drive, and the two wires in parallel can get electric energy .

电路板式驱动方案很大的好处就是，不但可以明显提高驱动开关的前进速度，而且在前一对开关断开和后一对开关接通之间，两对开关同时处于接通状态的时长可以控制的很短，可以小于1微秒甚至可以小到纳秒级别。The great advantage of the circuit board drive scheme is that not only can the forward speed of the drive switch be significantly increased, but also the duration of the two pairs of switches being in the on state at the same time between the first pair of switches being turned off and the latter pair of switches being turned on can be controlled. It is very short, it can be less than 1 microsecond or even as small as nanoseconds.

这种驱动方式不但功耗极小，而且静态无运动部件。相比于前面两种驱动方式，它的延时最小，响应速度最快，输出最稳定，效果最好。This driving method not only consumes very little power, but also has no moving parts statically. Compared with the previous two driving methods, it has the smallest delay, the fastest response speed, the most stable output, and the best effect.

暂储暂放电装置是在相邻每两个抽头之间的每个线圈上并联一个电容，(如果想加快充放电速度可以将每个线圈并联多个电容)，然后用合适的电子开关元件或其它开关串联在每个线圈和电容的小回路中进行控制，当驱动开关控制的输出电压回路离开一个线圈时将电感能充进电容，或者维持谐振，当驱动开关控制的输出电压回路回到该线圈时又将该能量放电进入线圈同时放电进入输出电压回路，或者回到的是已被放电的线圈。The temporary storage and temporary discharge device is to connect a capacitor in parallel on each coil between every two adjacent taps, (if you want to speed up the charging and discharging speed, you can connect multiple capacitors in parallel to each coil), and then use a suitable electronic switch element or Other switches are connected in series with each coil and capacitor for control in a small loop. When the output voltage loop controlled by the drive switch leaves a coil, the inductance can be charged into the capacitor, or maintain resonance. When the output voltage loop controlled by the drive switch returns to this When the coil discharges the energy into the coil and discharges into the output voltage circuit at the same time, or returns to the coil that has been discharged.

充放电开关可以使用单向可控硅或双向可控硅或mos管或三极管或igbt或电子开关组件等作为电子开关。电子元件或组件的门极电压或栅极电压或基极电压可以利用驱动机构的信号电压进行触发，也可以利用与驱动机构同步的或逻辑不同步的其它信号进行触发，也可以利用该线圈刚刚接通抽头或断开抽头进入或离开输出电压回路时的感生电压作为触发电压信号。The charge and discharge switch can use a one-way thyristor or a triac or a mos tube or a triode or an igbt or an electronic switch component as an electronic switch. The gate voltage or gate voltage or base voltage of electronic components or components can be triggered by the signal voltage of the drive mechanism, or by other signals that are synchronous or logic asynchronous with the drive mechanism, or can be triggered by the coil just The induced voltage when the tap is turned on or off when the tap enters or leaves the output voltage loop is used as a trigger voltage signal.

充放电可以利用LC并联回路的自然谐振，有持续谐振的方法和半个周期充电半个周期放电的方法。持续谐振的方法就是当驱动开关断开使线圈离开输出电压回路时，可以让线圈与电容之间的双向可控硅接通，维持谐振直到线圈将要重回回路之前且线圈将要被放完电时，门极电压停止，放完过零即断开。半个周期充电半个周期放电的方法就是使用单向可控硅在线圈对电容充电时，在第一个谐振周期进行一半即线圈电感能全部腾出给电容时，单向可控硅截止，电容接收全部能量；在线圈回归回路之前提前半个周期电容对线圈放电时，也是谐振周期进行一半即电容的电量全部放电给线圈时，双向可控硅或单向可控硅断开。这些提前操作都需要具备两个条件：一是比较慢的驱动开关前进速度，使线圈脱离回路的时长超过一个谐振周期，二是准确计算谐振回路的自然周期。Charging and discharging can use the natural resonance of the LC parallel circuit, there are methods of continuous resonance and half-cycle charging and half-cycle discharging. The method of continuous resonance is that when the drive switch is turned off to make the coil leave the output voltage loop, the bidirectional thyristor between the coil and the capacitor can be connected to maintain resonance until the coil is about to return to the loop and the coil is about to be fully discharged , the gate voltage stops, and it will be disconnected after zero crossing. The method of half-cycle charging and half-cycle discharging is to use the one-way thyristor. When the coil charges the capacitor, the one-way thyristor is cut off when half of the first resonance cycle is completed, that is, the coil inductance can be fully released to the capacitor. The capacitor receives all the energy; when the capacitor discharges the coil half a cycle in advance before the coil returns to the loop, it is also half of the resonance cycle, that is, when the capacitor's power is fully discharged to the coil, the triac or unidirectional thyristor is disconnected. These advance operations need to meet two conditions: one is to drive the switch at a relatively slow forward speed, so that the time for the coil to leave the circuit exceeds one resonance period, and the other is to accurately calculate the natural period of the resonance circuit.

如果没有采用自然谐振提前放电，而是采用与驱动开关同步放电时，因为各电容充电时长不同，所充电量不尽相同，所以要求合适的电容，尽量选用额定电压比较大和额定电容比较小的电容，充电较少电量就能得到比较大的电压，有利于放电的顺利进行。而充电时的感应电动势会使充电一直持续。If natural resonance is not used to discharge in advance, but to discharge synchronously with the drive switch, because the charging time of each capacitor is different, the charging amount is different, so a suitable capacitor is required, and try to choose a capacitor with a relatively large rated voltage and a relatively small rated capacitance. , charging less power can get a relatively large voltage, which is conducive to the smooth progress of discharge. The induced electromotive force during charging will keep the charging going.

从线圈到电容的充电方向是依据充电之前电流的方向，即感生电流的方向，可以根据右手定则进行判断。从电容到线圈的同步放电方向是依据感生电动势的方向而不是感生电流的方向，由于感生电流改变时不论是电流突然变大还是逐渐变大，都会产生一个反向电动势导致感生电动势总是滞后电流一个相位角。对于正弦波交流电，感生电流变大跨度长达90度，感生电动势滞后90度；对于其它波形的交流电，感生电动势滞后的相位角各有不同。影响这个所滞后的相位角的因素很多，需要用电压波形图和电流波形图来测量或用其它方法计算测量，如果不是提前放电，而是与驱动开关同步的放电，需要计算测量滞后的相位角来确定放电方向。该放电方向的控制可以有以下两种方法，即单向控制和双向控制。The charging direction from the coil to the capacitor is based on the direction of the current before charging, that is, the direction of the induced current, which can be judged according to the right-hand rule. The direction of synchronous discharge from the capacitor to the coil is based on the direction of the induced electromotive force rather than the direction of the induced current. When the induced current changes, whether the current suddenly increases or gradually increases, a reverse electromotive force will be generated to cause the induced electromotive force Always lags the current by one phase angle. For sine wave alternating current, the induced current has a large span of 90 degrees, and the induced electromotive force lags by 90 degrees; for other waveforms of alternating current, the phase angles of the induced electromotive force lag are different. There are many factors that affect the lagged phase angle. It needs to be measured by voltage waveform diagram and current waveform diagram or calculated by other methods. If it is not discharged in advance, but is discharged synchronously with the drive switch, it is necessary to calculate and measure the lagged phase angle. to determine the discharge direction. The discharge direction can be controlled in the following two ways, namely unidirectional control and bidirectional control.

单向控制就是只对线圈逐个接入输出电压回路那一侧的电容对线圈放电进行控制，而对于线圈逐个断开输出电压回路的那一侧不做放电操作。双向控制就是对于两侧线圈都进行放电的操作控制，放电过程中的切换方向和电压滞后相位角都会用到双向控制。如图13最右侧的12”和14”将虚线开关变成实线开关后，就能双向控制，就能多一次切换方向的机会。如果将其它的电容线圈都进行双向控制，那么就要都按照12”和14”的样式增加虚线开关并变成实线开关。One-way control is to control the discharge of the coils only on the side where the coils are connected to the output voltage loop one by one, while the discharge operation is not performed on the side where the coils are disconnected from the output voltage loop one by one. Bidirectional control is the operation control of discharging both coils on both sides. The switching direction and voltage lag phase angle during the discharge process will use bidirectional control. As shown in the rightmost 12" and 14" of Figure 13, after changing the dotted line switch into a solid line switch, it can be controlled in both directions, and there is one more opportunity to switch directions. If the other capacitive coils are controlled bidirectionally, it is necessary to add a dotted line switch and change it into a solid line switch according to the 12" and 14" styles.

电容对线圈的放电，与驱动开关同步的放电所产生的反向电动势与输出回路的方向相同，走过一个线圈后的放电所产生的反向电动势被前后抵消一部分，综合反电动势还是与输出回路的方向相同，所以按照感生电动势的方向进行同步放电，并不会改变感生电动势的方向即输出电压回路的方向，只会将输出电压回路的绝对值抬高，使它的波形图更胖。The discharge of the capacitor to the coil, the back electromotive force generated by the synchronous discharge with the drive switch is in the same direction as the output circuit, and the back electromotive force generated by the discharge after passing through a coil is partially offset by the front and back, and the comprehensive back electromotive force is still the same as the output circuit The same direction, so synchronous discharge according to the direction of the induced electromotive force will not change the direction of the induced electromotive force, that is, the direction of the output voltage circuit, but will only increase the absolute value of the output voltage circuit, making its waveform graph fatter .

再说跳跃运动多相电的方案。Let's talk about the scheme of jumping motion polyphase electricity.

多相电一般需要设置多套固定部件，而驱动机构为了准确的相位差一般需要使用同一套驱动机构增加几相驱动机构进行不同相位差的多相同步运行，对于电路板驱动机构，即增加几套电子开关运行不同相位差的程序。Multi-phase electricity generally requires multiple sets of fixed parts, and the driving mechanism generally needs to use the same set of driving mechanisms to increase several phases of driving mechanisms for multi-phase synchronous operation with different phase differences for accurate phase difference. For the circuit board driving mechanism, that is, adding several Sets of electronic switches run programs with different phase differences.

为了节省磁铁铁芯材料，发明人提出了一种两相电的固定部件设置方案。即从相位差角度所在的线圈抽头的位置，例如120度相位差的交流电就从120度的位置，180度相位差就从180度的位置，再反向绕一组线圈，绕线方向与第一相相同，这需要铁芯凸极有比较大的预留空间，因为有的或所有的铁芯凸极需要绕两个线圈。所设置的磁铁和铁芯凸极要比单相电多一相磁铁和铁芯凸极的方法更节省，例如120度相位差的两相电就只比单相电多1/3的 磁铁和铁芯凸极。这样对于120度相位差的交流电来说，第二相就能节省2/3的磁铁和铁芯材料。In order to save the material of the magnet core, the inventor proposes a two-phase electric fixed component arrangement scheme. That is, from the position of the coil tap where the phase difference angle is located, for example, the alternating current with a phase difference of 120 degrees starts from the position of 120 degrees, and the phase difference of 180 degrees starts from the position of 180 degrees, and then reversely winds a group of coils, and the winding direction is the same as the first One phase is the same, which requires a relatively large reserved space for the salient poles of the iron core, because some or all of the salient poles of the iron core need to be wound with two coils. The set magnet and iron core salient pole are more economical than the method of one more phase magnet and iron core salient pole in single-phase electricity. For example, two-phase electricity with a phase difference of 120 degrees only has 1/3 more magnets and Iron core salient pole. In this way, for the alternating current with a phase difference of 120 degrees, the second phase can save 2/3 of the magnet and iron core materials.

这种设置两相电的好处是，既可以充分利用每一个磁铁和铁芯凸极，不浪费材料，又能保证运行过程中两相线圈不互相冲突，不会发生两个线圈同时使用同一个铁芯凸极的情况。而且更重要的是，由于运行中每个周期有三分之二的时间都是处于追尾状态，后面头部线圈恰好吸收利用了前面尾部线圈丢下的楞次磁通的正向剩磁，对于感生电压有增益作用。The advantage of setting up two-phase power is that it can make full use of each magnet and iron core salient pole without wasting materials, and it can also ensure that the two-phase coils do not conflict with each other during operation, and that two coils will not use the same coil at the same time. The case of core salient poles. And more importantly, because two-thirds of the time in each cycle of operation is in the rear-end state, the rear head coil just absorbs and utilizes the positive residual magnetism of the Lenz flux dropped by the front tail coil. The induced voltage has a gain effect.

对于180度相位差的交流电，需要从180度的位置反向绕线，运行时全程都处于追尾状态，都能享受正向剩磁的增益，第二相能节省100％的磁铁和铁芯材料。For the alternating current with a phase difference of 180 degrees, it is necessary to reverse the winding from the position of 180 degrees. During operation, the whole process is in the rear-end state, and can enjoy the gain of positive residual magnetism. The second phase can save 100% of the magnet and iron core materials .

为了更理想的效率，多相电的每一相可以增加暂储暂放电装置。For better efficiency, a temporary storage and temporary discharge device can be added to each phase of the multi-phase electricity.

关于跳跃运动的多级方案。Multilevel scheme for jumping motion.

多级方案跟多相方案很类似，只要多设置一些固定部件和驱动机构，也是使用同一套驱动机构运行，但是要在相同的相位差下运行。The multi-stage scheme is very similar to the multi-phase scheme, as long as there are more fixed parts and driving mechanisms, the same set of driving mechanisms is also used to operate, but it must be operated under the same phase difference.

多级方案的级与级之间可以串联也可以并联，串联以提高电压，并联以提高电流。The stages of the multi-stage scheme can be connected in series or in parallel, in order to increase the voltage in series, and in parallel to increase the current.

为了能量密度最大化，节省磁铁和铁芯材料，避免装置运行时有一半的磁铁和铁芯处于动态闲置状态，发明人提出了一种在同一套磁铁和铁芯上绕两组线圈的两级方案。每个凸极绕两个线圈，即从第一组线圈的某一位置开始再绕出第二组线圈，正确设置第二组线圈的绕线方向所对应的磁通方向，使两组线圈进行同步驱动后能够相位相同，方便串联和并联。In order to maximize energy density, save magnet and iron core materials, and avoid half of the magnets and iron cores being in a dynamic idle state when the device is running, the inventor proposed a two-stage two-stage coil winding two sets of coils on the same set of magnets and iron cores. plan. Each salient pole winds two coils, that is, starts from a certain position of the first group of coils and then winds the second group of coils, and correctly sets the magnetic flux direction corresponding to the winding direction of the second group of coils, so that the two groups of coils After synchronous driving, the phases can be the same, which is convenient for series and parallel connection.

为了更理想的效率，多级电的每一级都可以增加相应的暂储暂放电装置。For better efficiency, each level of multi-level power supply can add a corresponding temporary storage and temporary discharge device.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1(a)为线圈相对于铁芯圆周运动的磁极方向平行的圆盘式整体式转子铁芯示意图。Fig. 1(a) is a schematic diagram of a disc-type integral rotor core in which the coil is parallel to the magnetic pole direction of the circular motion of the core.

图1(b)为线圈相对于铁芯圆周运动的磁极方向平行的圆盘式半开式转子铁芯示意图。Fig. 1(b) is a schematic diagram of a disk-type semi-open rotor core in which the direction of the magnetic poles of the coil is parallel to the circular motion of the core.

图1(c)为线圈相对于铁芯圆周运动优选方式的圆盘式定子线圈骨架和煎饼线圈示意图。Fig. 1(c) is a schematic diagram of a disk-type stator coil bobbin and a pancake coil in a preferred mode of circular motion of the coil relative to the iron core.

图1(d)为线圈相对于铁芯圆周运动优选方式的线圈绕线方式和线圈形状示意图。Fig. 1(d) is a schematic diagram of the coil winding mode and the coil shape in the preferred mode of circular motion of the coil relative to the iron core.

图2为线圈相对于铁芯圆周运动优选方式的磁极方向垂直于相对表面的转子铁芯示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rotor core in which the magnetic pole direction is perpendicular to the opposite surface in a preferred mode of circular motion of the coil relative to the core.

图3(a)为线圈相对于铁芯圆周运动优选方式的磁极方向平行的铁芯局部剖面结构示意图。FIG. 3( a ) is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the iron core in which the direction of the magnetic poles is parallel to the preferred mode of circular motion of the coil relative to the iron core.

图3(b)为线圈相对于铁芯圆周运动优选方式的磁极方向垂直的铁芯局部剖面结构示意图。Fig. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the iron core in which the direction of the magnetic pole is perpendicular to the preferred mode of circular motion of the coil relative to the iron core.

图3(b1)为某个线圈位于磁铁正上方的铁芯附近时线圈中磁通量为最大的局部剖面示意图。Figure 3(b1) is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a certain coil located near the iron core directly above the magnet where the magnetic flux in the coil is at its maximum.

图3(b2)为某个线圈位于两磁铁中间正上方的铁芯时线圈中磁通量为0的局部剖面示意图。Fig. 3(b2) is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a certain coil located in the iron core directly above the middle of the two magnets with zero magnetic flux in the coil.

图3(b3)为某个线圈位于与上一个磁铁相邻的磁铁的铁芯正上方时线圈中磁通量为反向最大的局部剖面示意图。Fig. 3 (b3) is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a certain coil located directly above the iron core of the magnet adjacent to the last magnet, and the magnetic flux in the coil is reversed to the maximum.

图3中①为磁铁，②为铁芯，③为空气，④为直板桥，⑤为桥墩，⑥为双层煎饼线圈。In Fig. 3, ① is a magnet, ② is an iron core, ③ is air, ④ is a straight bridge, ⑤ is a bridge pier, and ⑥ is a double-layer pancake coil.

图4(a)为线圈相对于铁芯圆周运动的圆柱式发电机结构示意图。图中①为定子铁芯，②为磁铁，③为转子煎饼线圈，④线圈骨架，⑤为外壳，⑥为轴。Figure 4(a) is a schematic structural diagram of a cylindrical generator in which the coil moves in a circle relative to the iron core. In the figure, ① is the stator core, ② is the magnet, ③ is the rotor pancake coil, ④ the coil skeleton, ⑤ is the casing, and ⑥ is the shaft.

图4(b)为线圈相对于铁芯圆周运动优选方式的盘式多级发电机结构示意图。图中①为转子铁芯，②为定子骨架及线圈，③为定位环，④为铁芯外圈环形箍上的通气孔，⑤为骨架无线圈，⑥为端盖，⑦为轴承，⑧为螺母，⑨为轴套，⑩为轴肩，

为垫圈，

为轴，

为推力轴承，

为底座，

为底座上为螺母预留的缺口,

为端盖上的螺母，

为铁芯外圈的环形箍。 Fig. 4(b) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the disk multi-stage generator in the preferred mode of circular motion of the coil relative to the iron core. In the figure, ① is the rotor core, ② is the stator frame and coil, ③ is the positioning ring, ④ is the vent hole on the ring hoop of the outer ring of the iron core, ⑤ is the skeleton without coil, ⑥ is the end cover, ⑦ is the bearing, ⑧ is the Nut, ⑨ is the shaft sleeve, ⑩ is the shaft shoulder,

for the gasket,

for the axis,

for thrust bearings,

for the base,

For the gap reserved for the nut on the base,

is the nut on the end cap,

It is the ring hoop of the outer ring of the iron core.

图5为线圈相对于铁芯跳跃运动的固定部件优选方式结构示意图。图中①为磁铁，②为铁芯，③为线圈，④为数字标号，⑤为抽头。Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred mode of fixing the coil relative to the iron core for jumping motion. In the figure, ① is a magnet, ② is an iron core, ③ is a coil, ④ is a number label, and ⑤ is a tap.

图6为线圈相对于铁芯跳跃运动的电刷圆周驱动机构优选方式定子圆盘的静止电刷和运动电刷分布示意图。图中①为静止电刷，②静止电刷连接线，③为数字标号，④为运动电刷，⑤为运动电刷连接线，⑥为并联线，⑦为电压输出线。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of distribution of stationary brushes and moving brushes of the stator disk in a preferred mode of the brush circular drive mechanism in which the coil is jumping relative to the iron core. In the figure, ① is a stationary brush, ② is a connecting line of a stationary brush, ③ is a number label, ④ is a moving brush, ⑤ is a connecting line of a moving brush, ⑥ is a parallel line, and ⑦ is a voltage output line.

图7为线圈相对于铁芯跳跃运动的电刷圆周驱动机构优选方式整机结构示意图。图中①为定子圆盘，②为转子，③为刷握，④为轴承座，⑤为轴承，⑥为轴。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the preferred mode of the brush circular drive mechanism in which the coil jumps relative to the iron core. In the figure, ① is the stator disc, ② is the rotor, ③ is the brush holder, ④ is the bearing seat, ⑤ is the bearing, and ⑥ is the shaft.

图8为电子开关的构成示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the electronic switch.

图9为电子开关单元的引脚位置示意图。图中①为两个漏极，②为直流输入，③为直流输出，④为信号输入。FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of pin positions of the electronic switch unit. In the figure, ① is two drains, ② is DC input, ③ is DC output, and ④ is signal input.

图10为线圈相对于铁芯跳跃运动的霍尔驱动中的电子开关单元布置示意图。图中①为漏极(接抽头)，②为数字标号，③为并联线，④为输出电压，⑤表示这里接直流电源，⑥表示这里接霍尔元件。Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the electronic switch unit in the hall driving of the jumping motion of the coil relative to the iron core. In the figure, ① is the drain (connected to the tap), ② is the number label, ③ is the parallel line, ④ is the output voltage, ⑤ means that the DC power supply is connected here, and ⑥ means that the Hall element is connected here.

图11为线圈相对于铁芯跳跃运动的霍尔驱动中的霍尔元件在圆筒上分布展开图示意图。图中①为霍尔元件，②为 数字标号，③为塑料圆筒的展开，④是为了均布所画的刻度。Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the distribution and expansion of the Hall elements on the cylinder in the Hall drive in which the coil moves relative to the iron core. In the figure, ① is the Hall element, ② is the number label, ③ is the expansion of the plastic cylinder, and ④ is the scale drawn for uniform distribution.

图12为线圈相对于铁芯跳跃运动的电路板驱动中的电路板布置优选方式示意图。图中①为电路板，②为接抽头的漏极线，③为接线端子，④为数字标号，⑤为电子开关，⑥为电压输出线，⑦为适配电路，内含晶振电路、接口电路、隔离电路等，⑧为单片机。Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a preferred arrangement of the circuit board in the circuit board driving of the coil relative to the iron core jumping motion. In the figure, ① is the circuit board, ② is the drain line connected to the tap, ③ is the terminal block, ④ is the number label, ⑤ is the electronic switch, ⑥ is the voltage output line, and ⑦ is the adapter circuit, which contains the crystal oscillator circuit and the interface circuit. , Isolation circuit, etc., ⑧ is a single-chip microcomputer.

图13(a)为线圈相对于铁芯跳跃运动的暂储暂放电装置电路板驱动机构的理想化结构示意图。图中①为线圈，②为抽头，③为数字标号，④为单向可控硅，⑤为放电开关，⑥为带”的数字标号。Fig. 13(a) is a schematic diagram of an idealized structure of the circuit board driving mechanism of the temporary storage and temporary discharge device in which the coil jumps relative to the iron core. In the figure, ① is a coil, ② is a tap, ③ is a digital label, ④ is a one-way thyristor, ⑤ is a discharge switch, and ⑥ is a digital label with ".

图13(b)为线圈相对于铁芯跳跃运动的暂储暂放电装置电路板驱动机构混合充放电方式的理想化结构示意图。图中①为线圈，②为抽头，③为数字标号，④为单向可控硅，⑤为放电开关，⑥为带”的数字标号，⑦为双向可控硅，⑧为电容。Fig. 13(b) is a schematic diagram of the idealized structure of the circuit board driving mechanism of the temporary storage and temporary discharge device with the jumping motion of the coil relative to the iron core. In the figure, ① is a coil, ② is a tap, ③ is a digital label, ④ is a one-way thyristor, ⑤ is a discharge switch, ⑥ is a digital label with ", ⑦ is a bidirectional thyristor, and ⑧ is a capacitor.

图14为线圈相对于铁芯跳跃运动的两相电的固定部件优选方式布置示意图。图中①为磁铁，②为铁芯，③为线圈，④为数字标号，⑤为抽头。Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a preferred arrangement of fixed components of two-phase electricity in which the coil jumps relative to the iron core. In the figure, ① is a magnet, ② is an iron core, ③ is a coil, ④ is a number label, and ⑤ is a tap.

图15为线圈相对于铁芯跳跃运动的两相电的电路板驱动优选方式布置示意图。图中①为电路板，②为接抽头的漏极线，③为接线端子，④为数字标号，⑤为电子开关，⑥为电压输出线，⑦为适配电路，内含晶振电路、接口电路和隔离电路等，⑧为单片机。Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a preferred layout of the two-phase electric circuit board drive for the jumping motion of the coil relative to the iron core. In the figure, ① is the circuit board, ② is the drain line connected to the tap, ③ is the terminal block, ④ is the number label, ⑤ is the electronic switch, ⑥ is the voltage output line, and ⑦ is the adapter circuit, which contains the crystal oscillator circuit and the interface circuit. And isolation circuit, etc., ⑧ is a single-chip microcomputer.

图16为线圈相对于铁芯跳跃运动的两级电的优选方式固定部件布置示意图。图中①为磁铁，②为铁芯，③为线圈，④为数字标号，⑤为抽头。Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the fixed components in the preferred mode of the two-stage electric circuit for the jumping motion of the coil relative to the iron core. In the figure, ① is a magnet, ② is an iron core, ③ is a coil, ④ is a number label, and ⑤ is a tap.

具体实施方式：Detailed ways:

依照本发明的方案可以制作出多种发电机。下面结合附图解释一下发明人做出的优选方式的发电机。发明人需要申明，这里只是解释优选方式，并不限于优选方式。According to the scheme of the present invention, various generators can be produced. The generator of the preferred mode made by the inventor will be explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The inventor needs to declare that the preferred mode is only explained here, and is not limited to the preferred mode.

线圈相对于铁芯的连续圆周运动方案的优选方式是盘式多级发电机。The preferred form of the continuous circular motion scheme of the coil relative to the core is a disc multi-stage generator.

转子为磁铁和铁芯，每副磁铁可以维持前后两个铁芯圆盘；定子为煎饼线圈及骨架。The rotor is a magnet and iron core, and each pair of magnets can maintain two iron core discs; the stator is a pancake coil and skeleton.

磁铁的充磁方向在铁芯中的布置有两种方法，一种是磁铁的充磁方向与铁芯和线圈的相对表面互相垂直，另一种是磁铁的充磁方向与铁芯和线圈的相对表面互相平行或相切。当平行或相切时，相邻两个磁铁的极性相对。There are two ways to arrange the magnetization direction of the magnet in the iron core. One is that the magnetization direction of the magnet is perpendicular to the opposite surface of the iron core and the coil, and the other is that the magnetization direction of the magnet is perpendicular to the direction of the iron core and the coil. Opposite surfaces are parallel or tangent to each other. When parallel or tangent, the polarities of two adjacent magnets are opposite.

如图1(a)为磁铁充磁方向与相对表面平行的整体式铁芯示意图，图中还没有嵌入磁铁。如图1(b)为磁铁充磁方向与相对表面平行的半开式铁芯示意图，图中放置了一部分磁铁，可以看到磁极方向。这些铁芯在局部剖面结构上均可以看到直板桥的结构，桥洞桥墩为梯形或其它形状，如图3(a)。Figure 1(a) is a schematic diagram of an integral iron core in which the magnetization direction of the magnet is parallel to the opposite surface, and no magnet is embedded in the figure. Figure 1(b) is a schematic diagram of a semi-open iron core in which the magnetization direction of the magnet is parallel to the opposite surface. A part of the magnet is placed in the figure, and the direction of the magnetic pole can be seen. These iron cores can be seen in the structure of the straight bridge in the local section structure, and the piers of the bridge tunnel are trapezoidal or other shapes, as shown in Figure 3(a).

如图2为磁极方向与相对表面垂直的铁芯与磁铁示意图，这种铁芯不能使用整体式的，可以采用上下两半铁芯中间夹磁铁合并在一起的方式。这种铁芯也要像如图3(b)那样采用直板桥和桥墩的局部剖面构造，桥墩为梯形。当磁铁强度较强时，可以适当增加桥墩高度，以使屏蔽更有效；当磁铁强度较弱时，可以适当增大磁铁面积和增大板桥的长度，以使板桥磁通饱和值能够适当；当磁铁较弱但直板桥的长度受到限制不能延长时，即磁铁圆周方向长度受限不能延长时，可以在直板桥径向宽度不变情况下延长桥墩底部的径向宽度，使桥墩的底部径向宽度由与直板桥平齐变成突出直板桥。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the iron core and the magnet whose magnetic pole direction is perpendicular to the opposite surface. This kind of iron core cannot be used as a whole, and the upper and lower halves of the iron core can be combined with a magnet in the middle. This kind of iron core also adopts the local section structure of straight bridge and pier as shown in Figure 3(b), and the pier is trapezoidal. When the strength of the magnet is strong, the height of the pier can be appropriately increased to make the shielding more effective; when the strength of the magnet is weak, the area of the magnet and the length of the bridge can be appropriately increased so that the magnetic flux saturation value of the bridge can be properly ; When the magnet is weak but the length of the straight bridge is limited and cannot be extended, that is, the length of the magnet in the circumferential direction is limited and cannot be extended, the radial width of the bottom of the pier can be extended under the condition that the radial width of the straight bridge remains unchanged, so that the bottom of the pier The radial width changes from being flush with the straight bridge to protruding from the straight bridge.

这种铁芯在磁铁的边缘处可以稍高于磁铁平面，使磁铁嵌入铁芯，就像图3(b)的磁铁宽度两侧的铁芯那样处理，并且磁铁径向长度两侧边缘的铁芯也那样处理，便于磁铁的磁通全部走铁芯通道。This iron core can be slightly higher than the magnet plane at the edge of the magnet, so that the magnet is embedded in the iron core, just like the iron core on both sides of the magnet width in Figure 3 (b), and the iron core on both sides of the radial length of the magnet The core is also treated in that way, so that the magnetic flux of the magnet can all go through the iron core channel.

磁铁的磁通量即磁铁强度与垂直于磁场方向的表面积的乘积，必须使通过板桥的磁通密度达到饱和或接近饱和，当饱和或接近饱和时，板桥的上表面附近和下表面附近的磁通密度才会大致相等，有利于煎饼线圈对磁通的感应及有利于提高能量密度。The magnetic flux of the magnet is the product of the magnet strength and the surface area perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. The magnetic flux density passing through the bridge must be saturated or close to saturation. When saturated or close to saturation, the magnetic field near the upper surface and the lower surface of the bridge must The flux density will be roughly equal, which is conducive to the induction of the pancake coil to the magnetic flux and is conducive to improving the energy density.

由于直板桥下面有桥洞，所以铁芯内衬与轴相连的部分可以做成小倾角叶轮形状，便于通风但要减小风阻。并将铁芯外圈的环形箍的通气孔钻的稍大。环形箍不必覆盖整个铁芯宽度，只要覆盖住桥墩和磁铁即可。Because there is a bridge hole under the straight bridge, the part where the iron core lining is connected with the shaft can be made into the shape of a small-inclination impeller, which is convenient for ventilation but reduces wind resistance. And drill the air hole of the annular hoop of the iron core outer ring slightly larger. The hoop does not have to cover the entire width of the core, just the piers and magnets.

它的定子采用定子线圈骨架将煎饼线圈嵌入其中，或者也可以将线圈和骨架用高强度胶水浇注为一体，自粘煎饼线圈的厚度与定子线圈骨架的厚度相同。线圈尺寸超出转子铁芯的弧形回转部分依转子直径折弯成弧形直角，并使用支撑固定件将线圈固定到骨架上。骨架的外圈有4个螺丝孔，螺丝孔由4个耳朵包围，用于径向同心度的定位和圆周定位。当多级发电机整体装配时，骨架与骨架之间的轴向距离由定位环定位，定位环上也有与骨架相同的4个轴向螺丝孔，另外还可以间隔布置一些径向孔洞用于观察气隙。每个定位环也可以用4个带螺丝孔的小圆柱体代替。Its stator uses the stator coil skeleton to embed the pancake coil in it, or the coil and the skeleton can be poured into one body with high-strength glue, and the thickness of the self-adhesive pancake coil is the same as that of the stator coil skeleton. The arc-shaped turning part whose size of the coil exceeds the rotor core is bent into an arc-shaped right angle according to the diameter of the rotor, and the coil is fixed to the skeleton with supporting fixtures. There are 4 screw holes on the outer ring of the skeleton, and the screw holes are surrounded by 4 ears, which are used for radial concentricity positioning and circumferential positioning. When the multi-stage generator is assembled as a whole, the axial distance between the skeleton and the skeleton is determined by the positioning ring. The positioning ring also has the same four axial screw holes as the skeleton. In addition, some radial holes can be arranged at intervals for observation. air gap. Each positioning ring can also be replaced by 4 small cylinders with screw holes.

线圈的宽度应保证线圈的左右两侧都能感应到方向互相相反的最大磁通。不论采用哪种磁铁充磁方向的铁芯，线圈个数可以等于磁铁个数的一半，也可以等于磁铁个数。这两种线圈个数所产生的感生电动势和能效差别不大，但小的较窄的线圈可以粘接更加牢固。本优选方式是线圈个数等于磁铁个数即每铁芯转子圆盘有12个磁铁每骨架 定子圆盘有12个线圈。The width of the coil should ensure that the left and right sides of the coil can induce the maximum magnetic flux in opposite directions. Regardless of the iron core in which magnet magnetization direction is used, the number of coils can be equal to half of the number of magnets, or equal to the number of magnets. The induced electromotive force and energy efficiency produced by the two numbers of coils have little difference, but the smaller and narrower coils can be bonded more firmly. This preferred mode is that the number of coils is equal to the number of magnets, that is, every iron core rotor disk has 12 magnets and every skeleton stator disk has 12 coils.

图1(c)和图1(d)所画线圈形状为两个半圆形中间夹一个矩形。但实际制作时也可以设计成两个半径不同的半圆形中间夹一个梯形，梯形的两腰与径线重合，这样的好处一是使漆包线垂直于磁通方向，二是使相邻两煎饼线圈之间的吸引力较平均，不方便之处在于较大半径那端可能粘接不太牢固，或者线圈中间孔洞较大。The shape of the coil drawn in Fig. 1(c) and Fig. 1(d) is a rectangle sandwiched between two semicircles. However, in actual production, it can also be designed as a trapezoid between two semicircles with different radii, and the two waists of the trapezoid coincide with the radial line. The attractive force between the coils is relatively average, the inconvenience is that the end with the larger radius may not be bonded firmly, or the hole in the middle of the coil may be larger.

线圈的绕线方式是要绕成狭长的煎饼形状的线圈，要一层一层的绕。第一层由外向内，再绕第二层由内向外，线圈的层数为双数，使线圈漆包线的首尾都在外面。线圈的长度要比磁铁长度稍长，具体是每一头至少都要长出线圈最大宽度一半的约0.5倍，超出(包括大于和小于)铁芯直径的部分弯折成弧形直角，使其在相对旋转时对铁芯形成半包围状态。一半厚度向上折弯一半厚度向下折弯。如图1(c)为定子线圈与骨架的整体示意图，图1(d)左图为单个煎饼线圈的形状示意图。图1(d)右图为绕线方式示意图，右图只画出了第一层线圈的绕线方式及折弯方式，其它层的类似。The winding method of the coil is to wind into a long and narrow pancake-shaped coil, which needs to be wound layer by layer. The first layer is from the outside to the inside, and then the second layer is wound from the inside to the outside. The number of layers of the coil is even, so that the head and tail of the coil enameled wire are all outside. The length of the coil is slightly longer than the length of the magnet. Specifically, each end must be at least 0.5 times longer than half of the maximum width of the coil. When it rotates relative to each other, it forms a semi-enclosed state on the iron core. Bend half thickness up and half thickness down. Figure 1(c) is the overall schematic diagram of the stator coil and skeleton, and the left figure of Figure 1(d) is a schematic diagram of the shape of a single pancake coil. The right figure in Figure 1(d) is a schematic diagram of the winding method. The right figure only shows the winding method and bending method of the first layer of coils, and the other layers are similar.

如图4(b)为多级盘式发电机整体结构示意图，它有4个图2那样的转子铁芯圆盘和5个图1(c)那样的定子线圈和骨架，4个转子铁芯加内衬装到轴上，铁芯外圈套上只覆盖磁铁和桥墩的环形箍，线圈骨架用4条长螺丝与定位环和前后端盖相连。中间的3个骨架中的煎饼线圈每个都能感应前后两个铁芯中的磁通。最右侧的骨架和线圈没有接入是处于空置状态，使整体的转子铁芯在发电时受到向左的吸引力较大，同时轴的左侧使用推力轴承加向心轴承，右侧使用向心轴承，以维持轴向位置的稳定和气隙均等，从而使中间的3个定子线圈和骨架所受吸引力前后抵消。Figure 4(b) is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multi-stage disc generator, which has 4 rotor core discs as shown in Figure 2, 5 stator coils and skeletons as shown in Figure 1(c), and 4 rotor cores The inner lining is installed on the shaft, the outer ring of the iron core only covers the ring hoop of the magnet and the pier, and the coil skeleton is connected with the positioning ring and the front and rear end covers with 4 long screws. The pancake coils in the middle 3 bobbins each sense the flux in the front and rear cores. The skeleton and coil on the far right are in a vacant state, so that the overall rotor core is attracted to the left when generating electricity. At the same time, the left side of the shaft uses a thrust bearing plus a radial bearing, and the right side uses a radial bearing. The central bearing is used to maintain the stability of the axial position and the air gap is equal, so that the three stator coils and the skeleton in the middle are offset by the attractive forces.

该发电机的定子与定子之间用定位环进行定位，转子与转子之间用轴套进行定位；定位环上除了有4个与线圈骨架相同的轴向螺丝孔之外，还有径向间隔分布的一些观察孔，用于观察气隙，每个定位环也可以用4个带螺丝孔的小圆柱体代替；左侧的端盖可以做成有底座的形式，便于竖直放置安装，运行时可以竖直也可以水平放置，当竖直方式运行时，最右侧的骨架无线圈的定子(竖直时位于最上部)也可以改为骨架有线圈的定子；4条贯穿骨架和定位环和前后两个端盖的长螺丝由于位置在7点半和10点半的原因在图4(b)只看到两头和端盖上的螺母，左侧端盖的底座上螺母处要开出4个适当的缺口留给螺母用；另外左侧端盖上可以安装气隙调节装置(例如蜗轮蜗杆)对推力轴承进行微调节，以保证推力轴承长期磨损后仍能气隙均等。The positioning ring is used for positioning between the stator and the stator of the generator, and the positioning is performed between the rotor and the rotor; besides the 4 axial screw holes same as the coil frame, there are also radial intervals on the positioning ring. Some observation holes are distributed to observe the air gap. Each positioning ring can also be replaced by 4 small cylinders with screw holes; the end cover on the left can be made into a form with a base, which is convenient for vertical installation and operation. It can be placed vertically or horizontally. When running vertically, the stator with no coils on the rightmost frame (located at the top when vertical) can also be changed to a stator with coils on the frame; 4 runs through the frame and the positioning ring And the long screws of the front and rear end caps are located at 7:30 and 10:30. In Figure 4(b), only the two ends and the nuts on the end caps can be seen, and the nuts on the base of the left end cap should be opened. 4 appropriate notches are reserved for nuts; in addition, an air gap adjustment device (such as a worm gear) can be installed on the left end cover to fine-tune the thrust bearing to ensure that the thrust bearing can still have an equal air gap after long-term wear.

关于线圈相对于铁芯跳跃运动的方案，它是由固定部件和驱动机构组成，也可以是由固定部件和驱动机构和暂储暂放电装置组成的。Regarding the solution of the jumping motion of the coil relative to the iron core, it is composed of a fixed component and a driving mechanism, and may also be composed of a fixed component, a driving mechanism and a temporary storage and temporary discharge device.

固定部件的优选方式如图5，它使用12个磁铁和两个铁芯的24个凸极位置，绕出24个绕线方向相同为逆时针的线圈，这些线圈都是相连的，这些线圈所在铁芯凸极的磁通方向是正反各占一半。绕好后抽出25个抽头，并将抽头按照图示标号。The optimal way of fixing the parts is shown in Figure 5. It uses 12 magnets and 24 salient pole positions of two iron cores to wind out 24 coils with the same winding direction as counterclockwise. These coils are all connected, and these coils are located in The magnetic flux direction of the salient poles of the iron core is positive and negative. After winding, draw 25 taps and mark the taps according to the figure.

关于跳跃运动驱动机构的优选方式，第一种驱动是电刷圆周驱动。Regarding the preferred form of the jumping motion drive mechanism, the first drive is a brush circular drive.

优选方式是用两个定子圆盘，每个圆盘上分布两圈静止电刷，这两圈静止电刷呈内外圈径向对应角度相等状态。如图6所示，每个圆盘上的静止电刷数量都是24对。第一个定子圆盘的每对电刷标号是1至13，外圈的连接线都与固定部件的相同标号的抽头连接，内圈的连接线并联起来引出电压输出线。但要注意这些静止电刷的分布，在均布的情况下左侧一半的静止电刷还要逆时针旋转一个距离或角度，旋转的量是运动电刷的宽度减去两静止电刷之间的间隙，或者说是运动电刷的宽度所占的角度减去两静止电刷之间的间隙所占的角度。这么一来13号静止电刷就很窄，比运动电刷还窄的多，1号静止电刷就很宽，这很正常，不影响发电。The preferred method is to use two stator disks, and two circles of stationary brushes are distributed on each disk, and the two circles of stationary brushes are in a state where the radial angles of the inner and outer rings are equal. As shown in Figure 6, the number of stationary brushes on each disk is 24 pairs. Each pair of brushes of the first stator disk is numbered from 1 to 13, and the connecting wires of the outer ring are all connected to the taps of the same label of the fixed part, and the connecting wires of the inner ring are connected in parallel to lead out the voltage output wires. But pay attention to the distribution of these stationary brushes. In the case of uniform distribution, the left half of the stationary brushes will rotate counterclockwise for a distance or angle. The amount of rotation is the width of the moving brush minus the distance between the two stationary brushes. The gap, or the angle occupied by the width of the moving brush minus the angle occupied by the gap between the two stationary brushes. In this way, the No. 13 static brush is very narrow, much narrower than the moving brush, and the No. 1 static brush is very wide, which is normal and does not affect power generation.

第二个定子圆盘的每对电刷标号是13至25，外圈的连接线都与固定部件的相同标号的抽头连接，内圈的连接线并联起来引出电压输出线。仍然要注意这些静止电刷的分布，在均布的情况下左侧一半的静止电刷还要顺时针旋转一个距离或角度，旋转的量是运动电刷的宽度减去两静止电刷之间的间隙，或者说是运动电刷的宽度所占的角度减去两静止电刷之间的间隙所占的角度。这么一来13号静止电刷就很窄，比运动电刷还窄的多，25号静止电刷就很宽，这很正常，不影响发电。Every pair of electric brush label of the second stator disk is 13 to 25, and the connecting wire of outer ring is all connected with the tap of the same label of fixed part, and the connecting wire of inner ring is connected in parallel and draws voltage output line. Still pay attention to the distribution of these stationary brushes. In the case of uniform distribution, the left half of the stationary brushes will rotate clockwise for a distance or angle. The amount of rotation is the width of the moving brush minus the distance between the two stationary brushes. The gap, or the angle occupied by the width of the moving brush minus the angle occupied by the gap between the two stationary brushes. In this way, the No. 13 stationary brush is very narrow, much narrower than the moving brush, and the No. 25 stationary brush is very wide, which is normal and does not affect power generation.

在安装的时候，从图7可以看到，两定子圆盘是相对面的，所以要使用图6中第一个定子圆盘的背面。When installing, it can be seen from Figure 7 that the two stator discs are facing each other, so the back side of the first stator disc in Figure 6 will be used.

在安装的时候，是用两对刷握内的运动电刷分别将这两个定子圆盘上的静止电刷成对导通。但要注意运动电刷的位置，两对运动电刷并不是齐头并进，运动电刷顺时针旋转，运动电刷在右侧的时候，是13至25标号上的运动电刷在前。当前面一对运动电刷离开16号静止电刷的同时，后面一对运动电刷恰好接触5号静止电刷，以此类推。两个定子圆盘的位置是固定的，两对运动电刷的相对位置也是要在转子上调整好并固定住。During installation, the stationary brushes on the two stator discs are conducted in pairs with the moving brushes in the two pairs of brush holders. But pay attention to the position of the moving brushes. The two pairs of moving brushes do not go hand in hand. The moving brushes rotate clockwise. When the moving brushes are on the right side, the moving brushes on the 13-25 mark are in front. When the front pair of moving brushes leaves No. 16 stationary brushes, the back pair of moving brushes just touches No. 5 stationary brushes, and so on. The positions of the two stator discs are fixed, and the relative positions of the two pairs of moving brushes must also be adjusted and fixed on the rotor.

图6可以看到两对运动电刷在静止电刷上的位置。Figure 6 shows the positions of the two pairs of moving brushes on the stationary brushes.

两对运动电刷的转动方向，从第二个定子圆盘的正面来看，是顺时针转动。The direction of rotation of the two pairs of moving brushes rotates clockwise from the front of the second stator disc.

用各种零配件安装好的整机结构示意图如图7所示，四个刷握内有运动电刷和弹簧，使运动电刷和静止电刷之间有适度的压力，保证良好接触又不至于太紧。The structural diagram of the whole machine installed with various spare parts is shown in Figure 7. There are moving brushes and springs in the four brush holders, so that there is moderate pressure between the moving brushes and the stationary brushes, ensuring good contact without As for being too tight.

整机结构简单，耗能少，效率高。The whole machine has simple structure, low energy consumption and high efficiency.

第二种驱动是霍尔元件配合电子开关的驱动。The second type of driving is the driving of the Hall element with the electronic switch.

要实施该方案首先要有合适的电子开关，该电子开关的优选方式是将两个mos管的栅极与栅极对接，源极与源极对接，对接后接入稳压二极管和泻放电阻，栅极再加限流电阻后就组成了电子开关，可以用弱小的直流电快速控制两个漏极之间的较高电压和大电流的交流电，如图8。To implement this scheme, a suitable electronic switch must first be used. The preferred method of the electronic switch is to connect the gates of the two mos tubes to the gate, the source to the source, and then connect the Zener diode and the discharge resistor , the gate is combined with a current-limiting resistor to form an electronic switch, which can quickly control the high-voltage and high-current alternating current between the two drains with a weak direct current, as shown in Figure 8.

将这样的电子开关接入隔离电源和电容，再接入霍尔元件的上拉电阻，就成了一个独立的可以直接接受霍尔控制的电子开关单元，如图9。可以用26个这样的单元去接受霍尔元件的控制。Connecting such an electronic switch to the isolated power supply and capacitor, and then connecting to the pull-up resistor of the Hall element, becomes an independent electronic switch unit that can directly accept Hall control, as shown in Figure 9. 26 such units can be used to accept the control of Hall elements.

如图10，将26个电子开关单元焊接在一块电路板上，并标记好数字标号。mos管的一个漏极连接到固定部件的相同标号的抽头上，另一个漏极用两根导线分别将前一半电子开关单元和后一半电子开关单元并联，并联后的两根导线作为电压输出线。As shown in Figure 10, solder 26 electronic switch units on a circuit board and mark them with numbers. One drain of the mos tube is connected to the tap of the same label of the fixed part, and the other drain uses two wires to connect the first half of the electronic switch unit and the second half of the electronic switch unit in parallel, and the two wires in parallel are used as voltage output lines .

26个电子开关单元的直流输入可以连接同一个直流电源。The DC inputs of 26 electronic switching units can be connected to the same DC power supply.

将24对霍尔元件平均分布黏贴在透明塑料圆筒的外圆上，平均分布的方式是将霍尔元件按照1和13成一对，2和14成一对，3和15成一对······的规则进行标号，直至13和25成一对，然后再往回11对。这24对霍尔元件在透明塑料圆筒上的展开图如图11所示。 Paste 24 pairs of Hall elements evenly distributed on the outer circle of the transparent plastic cylinder. The way of even distribution is to form a pair of Hall elements according to 1 and 13, 2 and 14 as a pair, and 3 and 15 as a pair... The rules of ··· are numbered until 13 and 25 form a pair, and then go back to 11 pairs. The expanded view of these 24 pairs of Hall elements on the transparent plastic cylinder is shown in Figure 11.

相同标号的霍尔元件和电子开关单元进行连接，连接的方式是正极连正极，负极连负极，霍尔元件的输出端连接电子开关单元的输入端。The Hall element with the same label is connected to the electronic switch unit in the way of connecting the positive pole to the positive pole and the negative pole to the negative pole, and the output terminal of the Hall element is connected to the input terminal of the electronic switch unit.

透明塑料圆筒套在电动机的外壳上，电动机转轴的转子上有一个小磁铁，恰好位于圆筒内侧霍尔元件下面，小磁铁转动时可以成对触发霍尔元件，使之输出高电平。调整转子小磁铁与轴心的距离，使后一对霍尔元件刚要由高电平转为低电平还没有转入低电平的时候，前一对霍尔元件就受到触发转入高电平。The transparent plastic cylinder is set on the shell of the motor. There is a small magnet on the rotor of the motor shaft, just below the Hall element inside the cylinder. When the small magnet rotates, it can trigger the Hall element in pairs to output a high level. Adjust the distance between the small magnet of the rotor and the shaft center, so that when the latter pair of Hall elements are about to turn from high level to low level before turning to low level, the former pair of Hall elements are triggered to turn into high level. level.

这样，当电机转动时，就相当于处于接通状态的电子开关所控制的线圈在不同磁通的铁芯凸极之间来回移动，线圈中的磁通量和磁通方向发生周期性快速变化。In this way, when the motor rotates, it is equivalent to that the coil controlled by the electronic switch in the on state moves back and forth between the salient poles of the iron core with different magnetic fluxes, and the magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux in the coil change periodically and rapidly.

第三种驱动是电路板驱动。The third driver is the board driver.

该方案的优选方式是在一块电路板上的最外侧靠近边缘处焊接26个两路的接线端子，并标出数字标号，接线端子的一路与相同标号的固定部件的抽头连接，另一路用两根导线分别将前一半数字标号的接线端子和后一半数字标号的接线端子并联，并联后的两根导线作为电压输出线。(接线端子虽然是两路的，但连接的电子开关是一路的。)The optimal way of this scheme is to weld 26 two-way terminal blocks on the outermost side of a circuit board near the edge, and mark the digital labels. The first half of the numbered terminals and the second half of the numbered terminals are respectively connected in parallel by two wires, and the two paralleled wires are used as voltage output wires. (Although the terminal block is two-way, the connected electronic switch is one-way.)

从接线端子向内依次焊接图8的电子开关、适配电路和单片机，适配电路内含晶振电路、接口电路、隔离电路、电容等等。如图12.Weld the electronic switch, adapter circuit and single-chip microcomputer in Figure 8 sequentially from the terminal to the inside. The adapter circuit includes a crystal oscillator circuit, an interface circuit, an isolation circuit, a capacitor, and the like. Figure 12.

该驱动机构优选方式不但运动速度比霍尔驱动更快，它的最大的优势就是，在前一对开关断开和后一对开关接通之间，两对开关同时处于接通状态的时长可以控制的很短，可以小于1微秒，甚至可以小到纳秒级别。The optimal mode of the drive mechanism not only moves faster than the Hall drive, but its biggest advantage is that between the opening of the previous pair of switches and the closing of the latter pair of switches, the duration of the two pairs of switches being on at the same time can be reduced. The control is very short, which can be less than 1 microsecond, or even as small as nanoseconds.

程序烧写后开始运行时，26个电子开关按照既定的顺序高速开合，使与两根电压输出线相连的线圈中的磁通量和磁通方向发生极其快速的周期性变化，产生感生电动势。When the program starts to run after programming, 26 electronic switches open and close at high speed according to the established sequence, causing the magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux in the coil connected to the two voltage output lines to undergo extremely rapid periodic changes, generating induced electromotive force.

暂储暂放电装置有四种充放电方式：第一种是将线圈和电容之间用双向可控硅作为开关，线圈离开输出电压回路时就将双向可控硅接通(给其门极电压)，并维持门极电压使自然的并联谐振持续进行，直到线圈即将回到回路且在最后一个谐振周期接收电容的全部电量之前，提前过零之前的1/4谐振周期停止门极电压，双向可控硅过零即截止。第二种是当线圈脱离回路时，用单向可控硅控制充电，当线圈重回回路时，再用单向可控硅按照新的感生电动势方向，做与对应的驱动开关同步的放电，这种方式的电容应该选用那些额定电容较低额定电压较高的电容，少量充电就能得到较高电压，便于放电，而充电时有感应电动势的加持能够顺利进行。第三种的充电方式与第二种相同，但放电不是同步而是使用双向可控硅或单向可控硅，在线圈回归回路时提前半个谐振周期放电，使线圈刚刚得到电容的全部电量就进入输出电压回路。第四种是混合以上两种或三种充放电方式。There are four charging and discharging methods for the temporary storage and temporary discharge device: the first is to use a bidirectional thyristor as a switch between the coil and the capacitor, and when the coil leaves the output voltage loop, the bidirectional thyristor is turned on (giving its gate voltage ), and maintain the gate voltage so that the natural parallel resonance continues until the coil is about to return to the loop and receives the full power of the capacitor in the last resonance cycle, and the gate voltage is stopped 1/4 of the resonance cycle before zero crossing in advance, bidirectional The thyristor is cut off when it crosses zero. The second is to use the one-way thyristor to control the charging when the coil is out of the loop, and then use the one-way thyristor to discharge synchronously with the corresponding drive switch according to the new induced electromotive force direction when the coil returns to the loop. , This type of capacitor should choose those capacitors with lower rated capacitance and higher rated voltage. A small amount of charging can get a higher voltage, which is easy to discharge, and the blessing of the induced electromotive force can be carried out smoothly during charging. The third charging method is the same as the second one, but the discharge is not synchronous but uses a triac or a one-way thyristor. When the coil returns to the loop, it discharges half a resonance cycle in advance, so that the coil has just received the full power of the capacitor. into the output voltage loop. The fourth is to mix the above two or three charging and discharging methods.

这四种充放电方式的第一种需要根据线圈和电容参数计算其并联谐振的周期，再根据驱动速度算出该线圈脱离输出电压回路后多久才能回归回路，脱离时长除以周期，进而得出谐振了几个周期，在最后一个周期进行到3/4周期时长时停止门极电压，可控硅就会在周期结束时过零截止。第三种与此类似，只是半个周期放电结束至驱动开关触发之间的时长可以很短。另外，如果不介意放电后的方向，第三种方式的简易型可以与第一种方式的电路图一样，电容线圈之间只用一个双向可控硅。The first of these four charging and discharging methods needs to calculate the period of its parallel resonance according to the parameters of the coil and capacitance, and then calculate how long it takes for the coil to return to the loop after leaving the output voltage loop according to the driving speed, and divide the detachment time by the period to obtain the resonance After a few cycles, the gate voltage is stopped when the last cycle reaches 3/4 of the cycle, and the SCR will be zero-crossed and cut off at the end of the cycle. The third type is similar to this, except that the time between the end of half-period discharge and the triggering of the driving switch can be very short. In addition, if you don't mind the direction after discharge, the simple type of the third method can be the same as the circuit diagram of the first method, and only one triac is used between the capacitor coils.

图13(a)和图13(b)中的所有开关元件，包括单向可控硅和双向可控硅和电子开关组件，都是经过隔离后再接收逻辑信号或驱动信号或接收与驱动开关同步的信号，然后自动接通断开或者经过逻辑运算做相应的接通和断开动作。All switching elements in Figure 13(a) and Figure 13(b), including unidirectional thyristors and triacs and electronic switching components, are isolated before receiving logic signals or driving signals or receiving and driving switches The synchronous signal is then automatically turned on and off, or the corresponding on and off actions are performed through logic operations.

如图13(a)是驱动开关匀速运动的无滞后相位角的理想化单向控制充放电电路示意图，该图可以是第二种和第三种的充放电方式，它的充电开关④用的是单向可控硅，谐振半个周期线圈电能全部充进电容就自动截止，来不及全部充进却回到回路也会自动截止。它的放电开关⑤可以使用双向可控硅或单向可控硅。对于左侧的那些电容和线圈，可以是第二种同步放电，如果线圈能脱离回路超过一个谐振周期，那么也可以尝试第三种放电方式即提前半个谐振周期放电。第三种放电方式的放电开关是使用双向可控硅，也可以使用单向可控硅，提前该驱动开关触发点的半个谐振周期给其门极电压，并维持门极电压3/8周期的时长，使其在周期末尾过零断开。如果采用第二种同步的放电方式，那么就要使用单向可控硅放电，特别是图中最右侧几个电容对线圈的放电，就必须使用单向可控硅作为开关，因为充电时长太短，很难知道放电时长，而单向可控硅可以自动断开，避免被回路反充电。当有滞后相位角的时候，比如感生电动势滞后15度，那么图中最右侧的虚线开关就要变成实线开关且采用单向可控硅同步放电，而该线圈的原实线放电开关要等15度才能动作，即切换方向，切换后如果电容电量不足，单向可控硅也能阻止反充电。Figure 13(a) is a schematic diagram of an idealized one-way control charging and discharging circuit with no lagging phase angle for driving the switch at a constant speed. This figure can be the second and third charging and discharging methods, and its charging switch ④ is used It is a one-way silicon controlled rectifier. It will automatically cut off when the electric energy of the resonant half cycle coil is fully charged into the capacitor, and it will be automatically cut off when it returns to the loop before it is fully charged. Its discharge switch ⑤ can use triac or unidirectional thyristor. For those capacitors and coils on the left, it can be the second synchronous discharge. If the coil can be out of the loop for more than one resonance period, then you can also try the third discharge method, which is to discharge half the resonance period in advance. The discharge switch of the third discharge method uses a bidirectional thyristor, or a one-way thyristor, and advances the half resonance cycle of the trigger point of the driving switch to give its gate voltage, and maintains the gate voltage for 3/8 cycle duration so that it disconnects at zero crossing at the end of the period. If the second synchronous discharge method is adopted, then one-way thyristors must be used for discharge, especially for the discharge of the coils by the capacitors on the far right in the figure, one-way thyristors must be used as switches, because the charging time is long Too short, it is difficult to know the discharge time, and the one-way thyristor can be automatically disconnected to avoid being reversely charged by the circuit. When there is a lagging phase angle, for example, the induced electromotive force lags by 15 degrees, then the dotted line switch on the far right in the figure will become a solid line switch and the one-way thyristor is used for synchronous discharge, while the original solid line of the coil is discharged The switch has to wait for 15 degrees before it can act, that is, switch the direction. If the capacitor is insufficient after switching, the one-way thyristor can also prevent reverse charging.

如图13(b)左半部分1”至6”和20”至25”是使用双向可控硅的第一种充放电方式，或者是第三种充放电方式的简易型。这种方式适用于充电时间较长有充分的谐振周期的情形。它放电后的方向与感生电动势方向相反。As shown in Figure 13(b), the left half 1” to 6” and 20” to 25” are the first charging and discharging method using triac, or the simple type of the third charging and discharging method. This method is suitable for situations where the charging time is long and there is sufficient resonance period. Its discharge direction is opposite to that of the induced electromotive force.

如图13(a)如图13(b)是对应于固定部件的优选方式图5，只是未经测量计算的无滞后相位角的驱动开关匀速运动的暂储暂放电装置的理想化单向控制示意图，它的真实优选方式需要知道感生电动势滞后多少度才能确定，其中的充电方向是依据感生电流的方向而不是感生电动势的方向，感生电流的方向可以根据右手定则进行判断。如图13中1”和25”的充放电也是依据半个周期末尾的电流方向，当驱动开关从1运动到2或从25运动到24时，原感生电流方向没有改变只是由于脱离导致的电流减小产生了电流增大效应，使电感能充电进入电容，或开始谐振。As shown in Fig. 13(a) Fig. 13(b) is the optimal way corresponding to the fixed part Fig. 5, only the idealized one-way control of the temporary storage and temporary discharge device with a drive switch with no lag phase angle and no measured and calculated constant speed Schematic diagram, its real optimal method needs to know how many degrees the induced electromotive force lags before it can be determined. The charging direction is based on the direction of the induced current rather than the direction of the induced electromotive force. The direction of the induced current can be judged according to the right-hand rule. As shown in Figure 13, the charge and discharge of 1” and 25” are also based on the current direction at the end of the half cycle. When the drive switch moves from 1 to 2 or from 25 to 24, the direction of the original induced current does not change, but it is caused by detachment. The decrease in current creates a current increase effect that allows the inductor to charge into the capacitor, or start to resonate.

在这两个理想化原理示意图中，将24个线圈分别并联一个电容，并根据第几种充放电方式的不同，加进相应的充放电开关，第一种方式和第三种简易型方式使用双向可控硅，第二种和第三种方式的充电开关使用单向可控硅，第二种的放电开关使用单向可控硅，第三种的放电开关使用双向可控硅或单向可控硅。这几种充放电方式各有优势，第一种和第三种简易型的简单，第一种放电后至进入回路之间的时长随天意，它们适用于较慢的驱动开关前进速度；第二种的无奈，最右侧必须如此，适用于所有驱动速度；第三种的放电后能立即进入回路，也适用于较慢的驱动开关前进速度，它的放电方向与感生电动势相同，不产生滞后相位角；第四种混合型的比较好。In these two idealized schematic diagrams, 24 coils are connected in parallel with a capacitor, and according to the different charging and discharging methods, the corresponding charging and discharging switches are added. The first method and the third simple method are used. Triac, the charging switch of the second and third methods uses a one-way thyristor, the second discharge switch uses a one-way thyristor, and the third discharge switch uses a two-way thyristor or a one-way thyristor SCR. These charging and discharging methods have their own advantages. The first and third simple types are simple. The length of time between the first type of discharge and entering the circuit depends on God’s will. They are suitable for slower driving speeds of the drive switch; the second type The helplessness of the first kind must be the case on the far right, which is applicable to all driving speeds; the third kind can enter the circuit immediately after discharge, and is also suitable for the slower forward speed of the driving switch. Its discharge direction is the same as that of the induced electromotive force and does not generate Lag phase angle; the fourth hybrid is better.

接通放电开关有两种方式：一种是与对应的驱动开关同步的方式，例如第二种方式，另一种是提前放电的方式，例如第一种方式和第三种方式和第三种简易型方式。There are two ways to turn on the discharge switch: one is to synchronize with the corresponding drive switch, such as the second way, and the other is to discharge in advance, such as the first way and the third way and the third way Easy way.

同步的方式是，放电开关信号电压即单向可控硅的门极电压是使用数字标号相对应的驱动机构的信号电压，对应标号的意思就是数字底数相同，例如1对应于1”，2对应于2”，3对应于3”，···以此类推，直到25对应于25”。同步放电是电容和输出电压回路同时对线圈放电，二者抵消一部分，一般不会发生尖峰反电动势中途截止电容放电的情况，但为了以防万一，当驱动速度够快，尖峰反电动势持续时长超过信号电压的时长时，门极电压最好延长至合适的时长，延长需要逻辑控制来实现。The way of synchronization is that the signal voltage of the discharge switch, that is, the gate voltage of the one-way thyristor, is the signal voltage of the driving mechanism corresponding to the number label. The corresponding label means that the number base is the same, for example, 1 corresponds to 1", 2 corresponds to For 2", 3 corresponds to 3", and so on, until 25 corresponds to 25". Synchronous discharge means that the capacitor and the output voltage circuit discharge the coil at the same time, and the two offset a part. Generally, there will be no situation where the peak back EMF cuts off the capacitor discharge midway, but just in case, when the driving speed is fast enough, the peak back EMF lasts for a long time When the duration of the signal voltage is exceeded, it is better to extend the gate voltage to an appropriate duration, and the extension requires logic control to achieve.

而提前放电，对于第一种方式的双向可控硅，无所谓提前，门极电压维持谐振一直进行，直到最后一个谐振周期即将结束且即将重回回路，门极电压在最后一个周期的3/4周期时间点断开，双向可控硅在重回回路之前周期结束之后过零截止。对于第三种方式和第三种简易型的方式，充完电即截止，放电开关要利用逻辑控制使它要比重回回路的驱动信号提前半个谐振周期接通，开始放电，门极信号电压维持3/8周期的时长，使线圈刚被放完电即重回回路。1/2周期和3/8周期需要用参数计算或测量得出，加减驱动信号的时间点，既得控制电压的动作时间点，写进单片机程序即可进行逻辑控制。As for early discharge, for the triac in the first way, it does not matter in advance, the gate voltage maintains resonance until the last resonance cycle is about to end and is about to return to the loop, and the gate voltage is 3/4 of the last cycle The cycle time point is turned off, and the triac is turned off after the zero crossing after the end of the cycle before returning to the loop. For the third method and the third simple method, it will be cut off after charging, and the discharge switch should use logic control to make it turn on half a resonance cycle earlier than the drive signal returning to the loop, and start discharging. Maintain the duration of 3/8 cycle, so that the coil will return to the loop just after being discharged. The 1/2 cycle and 3/8 cycle need to be calculated or measured by parameters, and the time point of adding and subtracting the driving signal is obtained to obtain the action time point of the control voltage, which can be written into the microcontroller program for logic control.

第二种和第三种和第三种简易型的充电可控硅接通的信号电压不对应而是相差一个数字标号，例如从1”至12”每个充电可控硅的门极所接的信号电压要大一个数字标号，1”接2抽头的信号电压，2”接3抽头的信号电压，···直至12”接13抽头的信号电压；从14”至25”每个充电可控硅的门极所接的信号电压要小一个数字标号，例如14”接13抽头的信号电压，15”接14抽头的信号电压，···直25”接24的信号电压。The signal voltages of the second type, the third type, and the third type of simple charging thyristor are not corresponding but differ by a digital label, for example, from 1" to 12", the gates of each charging thyristor are connected. The signal voltage of the signal voltage should be one number larger, 1" is connected to the signal voltage of 2 taps, 2" is connected to the signal voltage of 3 taps, until 12" is connected to the signal voltage of 13 taps; from 14" to 25" each charge can be The signal voltage connected to the gate of the SCR should be one number smaller, for example, 14" is connected to the signal voltage of tap 13, 15" is connected to the signal voltage of tap 14, and 25" is connected to the signal voltage of 24.

除了1”和25”之外，不论是充放电可控硅还是其它开关元件，都要采用逻辑电路或单片机的逻辑运算，让它们都是接收两次驱动信号接通即闭合一次，且放电可控硅是信号从右至左运动时闭合，充电可控硅是从左至右运动时闭合。In addition to 1" and 25", whether it is a charge and discharge thyristor or other switching elements, logic circuits or logic operations of single-chip microcomputers must be used to make them receive two drive signals and then close once, and the discharge can be The SCR is closed when the signal moves from right to left, and the charge SCR is closed when it moves from left to right.

这样，不论驱动开关运动到哪里，当驱动开关接通抽头使线圈进入输出电压回路时，或者该线圈已经提前被放完电，或者回路内的电容立即向线圈放电，失去的电感能都会重回线圈；当驱动开关断开抽头使线圈离开输出电压 回路时，回路外的电容就会被线圈充电或者与线圈谐振，直至可控硅过零截止，或维持谐振等待门极信号变化。In this way, no matter where the drive switch moves, when the drive switch turns on the tap to make the coil enter the output voltage loop, or the coil has been fully discharged in advance, or the capacitance in the loop immediately discharges to the coil, the lost inductance energy will be regained. Coil; when the drive switch disconnects the tap to make the coil leave the output voltage loop, the capacitor outside the loop will be charged by the coil or resonate with the coil until the SCR zero crosses and ends, or maintain resonance and wait for the gate signal to change.

还要注意当同步放电而不是提前放电的时候，不论使用什么作为放电开关，开始放电的时间点都要稍微滞后于驱动机构接通的时间点，等邻近的开关断开再放电，以避免短路放电。这个需要严格计算电子元件的响应速度力求搭配的完美无缺。而充电可控硅的时间点可以不用考虑这个问题。Also note that when discharging synchronously instead of in advance, no matter what switch is used as the discharge switch, the time point of starting discharge should be slightly behind the time point when the drive mechanism is turned on, and the adjacent switch is turned off before discharging to avoid short circuit discharge. This requires strict calculation of the response speed of electronic components and strives for a perfect match. The time point of charging the thyristor does not need to consider this issue.

跳跃运动的两相电。Two-phase electricity for jumping motion.

固定部件的优选方式是使用16个磁铁和两块铁芯上的32个凸极，绕出两相线圈共计48个线圈。其中第一相是从第五个磁铁的前面开始绕线，前12个线圈所在的凸极内的磁通方向都是向上的，后12个线圈所在的凸极内的磁通方向都是向下的。绕好后前端、后端和各线圈之间共抽出25个抽头，按照前后顺序标出25个数字标号1、2、3···直至25。第二相是从第一相的9号抽头位置即120度位置开始反向绕线，绕线方向相同，方法一样也是12个磁通方向向上12个磁通方向向下，绕好后抽出25个抽头，标记25个数字标号分别是1’、2’、3’···直至25’。如图14。The preferred way of fixing the component is to use 16 magnets and 32 salient poles on two iron cores to wind out two-phase coils with a total of 48 coils. The first phase starts winding from the front of the fifth magnet, the magnetic flux directions in the salient poles where the first 12 coils are located are all upward, and the magnetic flux directions in the salient poles where the last 12 coils are located are all upward. down. After winding, 25 taps are taken out between the front end, the rear end and each coil, and the 25 digital labels are marked 1, 2, 3... until 25 in sequence. The second phase starts from the position of the No. 9 tap of the first phase, that is, the position of 120 degrees, and the winding direction is the same. A tap, marking 25 digital labels are 1', 2', 3'... until 25'. Figure 14.

驱动机构都是使用同一套驱动机构进行不同相位差的多相同步驱动，例如霍尔元件驱动就是再增加一个圆周的霍尔元件和26个电子开关，在同一个电机同一个转轴同一个塑料圆筒上，让两个小磁铁错开一个相位差角度运行这套驱动机构。这里的优选方式采用电路板驱动的两相电，是使用同一个单片机驱动两套电子开关，如图15.The driving mechanisms all use the same set of driving mechanisms for multi-phase synchronous driving with different phase differences. For example, the Hall element drive is to add another circle of Hall elements and 26 electronic switches. The same motor, the same shaft, and the same plastic circle On the cylinder, let the two small magnets stagger a phase difference angle to run this drive mechanism. The preferred way here is to use the two-phase power driven by the circuit board, which is to use the same single-chip microcomputer to drive two sets of electronic switches, as shown in Figure 15.

第二相线圈的暂储暂放电装置参考第一相的图13，电容的正负极方向和单向可控硅的方向也要参考第一相和参考驱动开关运动方向进行正确设置。For the temporary storage and temporary discharge device of the second phase coil, refer to Figure 13 of the first phase. The direction of the positive and negative poles of the capacitor and the direction of the one-way thyristor should also be set correctly by referring to the first phase and the reference drive switch movement direction.

可以将电路板的所有原件都集成到一起，4条并联线也集成到里面，只留出4个输出接线柱或接线端子，另外还有52个连接抽头的接线柱或接线端子，以及直流电源输入接线端子。集成电路内也可以包含每一相的暂储暂放电装置。可以根据需要或者根据固定部件的形式运行120度或180度相位差交流电的程序。All the original components of the circuit board can be integrated together, and 4 parallel lines are also integrated into it, leaving only 4 output terminals or terminals, and there are 52 terminals or terminals connected to taps, and DC power supply Input terminals. The integrated circuit may also include a temporary storage and temporary discharge device for each phase. Programs with 120-degree or 180-degree phase-difference alternating current can be run on demand or in the form of fixed components.

跳跃运动的两级电。Two-stage electric for jumping motion.

固定部件的优选方式是使用12个磁铁和两块铁芯上的24个凸极，绕出两组线圈共计48个线圈，并在线圈之间抽出抽头后按照前后顺序标出数字标号。其中第二组线圈是从第一组线圈的第12个线圈的后面即180度位置开始，正向绕出第二组线圈，且第二组线圈的绕线方向与第一组线圈的绕线方向相反。第二组线圈也抽出抽头并标号。第一组线圈的数字标号是1、2、3···直至25，第二组线圈的数字标号是1’、2’、3’···直至25’。如图16。The optimal way to fix the parts is to use 12 magnets and 24 salient poles on two iron cores to wind two sets of coils, a total of 48 coils, and draw out the taps between the coils and mark the numbers in sequence. The second group of coils starts from the position behind the 12th coil of the first group of coils, which is 180 degrees, and the second group of coils is wound forward, and the winding direction of the second group of coils is the same as that of the first group of coils. in the opposite direction. The second set of coils is also tapped and labeled. The numbers of the coils of the first group are 1, 2, 3... until 25, and the numbers of the coils of the second group are 1', 2', 3'... until 25'. Figure 16.

这种布置方式两组线圈全程都处于追尾状态，能够享受正向剩磁的增益红利，不存在两个线圈同时使用同一个凸极的情况，不存在磁铁和铁芯凸极的动态闲置的情况。In this arrangement, the two sets of coils are in the tail-end state throughout the whole process, and can enjoy the gain bonus of positive residual magnetism. There is no situation where two coils use the same salient pole at the same time, and there is no dynamic idle situation between the magnet and the iron core salient pole. .

驱动机构是使用同一套驱动机构进行零相位差的两组线圈同步驱动。驱动机构的电压输出线如果串联是首尾相连，即例如第一级的首连接第二级的尾，如果并联是首首相连和尾尾相连。注意如果把1至13的开关相并联的电压输出线称为首，把13至25的开关相并联的电压输出线称为尾，那么也要把1’至13’的开关相并联的电压输出线称为首，把13’至25’的开关相并联的电压输出线称为尾。The driving mechanism is synchronously driven by two groups of coils with zero phase difference using the same set of driving mechanism. If the voltage output lines of the driving mechanism are connected in series, they are connected end to end, that is, for example, the head of the first stage is connected to the tail of the second stage; if they are connected in parallel, they are connected end to end and end to end. Note that if the voltage output line connected in parallel with switches 1 to 13 is called the first, and the voltage output line connected in parallel with switches 13 to 25 is called the tail, then the voltage output line connected in parallel with switches 1' to 13' should also be called It is called the first, and the voltage output line connecting the switches from 13' to 25' in parallel is called the tail.

对于电路板驱动的两级电的驱动机构，两组电子开关也可以使用同一组信号进行驱动，从外形上看与两相电的驱动机构好像没有差别，但是内部程序是不一样的。如图15。For the two-stage electric drive mechanism driven by the circuit board, the two sets of electronic switches can also be driven by the same set of signals, which seems to be the same as the two-phase electric drive mechanism in appearance, but the internal procedures are different. Figure 15.

第二级线圈的暂储暂放电装置可以参考第一级的图13，电容的正负极方向和单向可控硅的方向也要参考第一级，并参考或根据驱动开关运动方向和磁极方向和线圈绕向进行正确设置。The temporary storage and temporary discharge device of the second-stage coil can refer to Figure 13 of the first stage. The direction of the positive and negative poles of the capacitor and the direction of the one-way thyristor should also refer to the first stage, and refer to or according to the direction of the drive switch and the magnetic pole. The direction and coil winding are set correctly.

也可以将两级驱动电路板的所有元件都集成到一起，4条并联线也集成到里面，或者再将每一级的暂储暂放电装置也集成到里面，做成集成电路板或模块。只需要将模块连接固定部件的抽头，并输入直流电，就可以得到串联或并联后的两级电了。It is also possible to integrate all the components of the two-level drive circuit board together, and integrate the 4 parallel lines into it, or integrate the temporary storage and temporary discharge device of each level into the inside to make an integrated circuit board or module. Only need to connect the module to the tap of the fixed part, and input the direct current, you can get the two-stage power after series or parallel connection.

也可以只集成一级驱动的所有元件或者所有元件和暂储暂放装置，但留出流水灯输入输出信号的接线柱或排针。用排线将两个连接抽头后的集成模块的流水灯信号接线柱或排针并联起来，但停止第二个集成模块的原始流水灯驱动程序，保留其暂储暂放程序，使其接受第一个模块的流水灯信号后与其同步运行。由于第一级与第二级的暂储暂放装置的方向和程序是相同的，所以将两个模块的输出电压串联起来或并联起来，就得到两级电了。It is also possible to only integrate all the components or all the components and the temporary storage and temporary release device of the first-level drive, but leave the binding posts or pin headers for the input and output signals of the running water lamp. Use a cable to connect the water lamp signal terminals or pin headers of the two integrated modules connected to the taps in parallel, but stop the original water lamp driver of the second integrated module, keep its temporary storage and release program, and make it accept the first A module runs synchronously with the running light signal. Since the direction and procedure of the temporary storage and temporary release devices of the first stage and the second stage are the same, the output voltages of the two modules are connected in series or in parallel to obtain two stages of electricity.

本发明内容的说明可能有未尽之处，对于不脱离本发明构思的前提下，做出若干变型，均应属于侵权。The description of the content of the present invention may have some unfinished parts, and any modification without departing from the concept of the present invention shall be regarded as infringement.

Claims (19)

1. 获取电能的方法和装置，与传统经典发电机相同的技术特征是，都有线圈和铁芯和使铁芯内产生磁通的磁铁，当它是励磁式发电机的时候，就是都有线圈和铁芯和励磁线圈，都是以铁芯为介质通过使线圈中的磁通量和磁通方向发生周期性变化而产生感生电动势，但其不同的技术特征在于，它的磁铁与铁芯之间不能相对运动，它的铁芯与铁芯之间也不能相对运动，即其不是依靠磁铁与铁芯之间的相对运动，也不是依靠铁芯与铁芯之间的相对运动，使铁芯中的磁通量和磁通方向发生周期性变化，从而是使包围铁芯的线圈中磁通量和磁通方向发生周期性变化，它所取而代之的改变是，让铁芯中的磁通量和磁通方向处于静止状态但呈现有规律的分布，让线圈和铁芯做快速的相对运动，包括连续运动和跳跃运动，由于铁芯中磁通大小和方向分布有规律，从而使线圈相对于铁芯运动时，线圈中的磁通量和磁通方向发生周期性变化，进而产生感生电动势。The method and device for obtaining electric energy have the same technical characteristics as the traditional classic generator, that is, there are coils, iron cores and magnets that generate magnetic flux in the iron cores. When it is an excitation generator, it has coils and iron cores. Both the iron core and the excitation coil use the iron core as the medium to generate an induced electromotive force by periodically changing the magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux in the coil, but their different technical characteristics are that there is no connection between the magnet and the iron core Relative movement, its iron core and the iron core can not move relative to each other, that is, it does not rely on the relative movement between the magnet and the iron core, nor does it rely on the relative movement between the iron core and the iron core to make the iron core The magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux change periodically, so that the magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux in the coil surrounding the iron core change periodically, and what it replaces is that the magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux in the iron core are in a static state but It presents a regular distribution, allowing the coil and the iron core to perform rapid relative motion, including continuous motion and jumping motion. Since the magnetic flux in the iron core is distributed regularly in size and direction, when the coil moves relative to the iron core, the coil in the coil The magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux change periodically, which in turn generates an induced electromotive force.
2. 根据权利要求1所述的获取电能的方法和装置，提供出线圈相对于铁芯做连续圆周运动的方案，其特征在于，铁芯中嵌入多个磁铁，当采用励磁式的时候，就是铁芯中绕有励磁线圈，使铁芯内的与煎饼线圈发生相对运动的那一侧的磁通量和磁通方向，在相对运动方向上呈现静止的有规则的分布，煎饼线圈和包含磁通的铁芯互为转子和定子，当两者发生相对转动时，煎饼线圈中因感应磁通而产生感生电动势；圆盘式发电机的煎饼线圈是平面式的，圆柱式发电机的煎饼线圈是弧形曲面式的；采用励磁的方法代替磁铁使铁芯中磁通量和磁通方向呈现有规则分布，也属于本专利权利保护的范围。According to the method and device for obtaining electric energy according to claim 1, a scheme for continuous circular motion of the coil relative to the iron core is provided, wherein a plurality of magnets are embedded in the iron core, and when the excitation type is used, it is the iron core An excitation coil is wound in the middle, so that the magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux on the side of the iron core that moves relative to the pancake coil present a static and regular distribution in the direction of relative motion. The pancake coil and the iron core containing the magnetic flux They are the rotor and the stator of each other. When the two rotate relative to each other, an induced electromotive force is generated in the pancake coil due to the induced magnetic flux; the pancake coil of the disc generator is planar, and the pancake coil of the cylindrical generator is arc-shaped Curved surface type; the method of excitation is used instead of the magnet to make the magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux in the iron core present a regular distribution, which also belongs to the scope of protection of this patent right.
3. 根据权利要求2所述的获取电能的方法和装置，提供出铁芯内部的局部剖面单元结构是直板桥和桥墩的结构，其特征在于，铁芯的局部剖面结构有一段长长的直板桥，直板桥内的磁通由直板桥下的磁铁提供并经由桥墩输送上来，对于励磁式发电机就是直板桥内的磁通由直板桥下的励磁线圈提供并经由桥墩输送上来，再经相邻的桥墩送下去，直板桥内的磁通密度处于饱和点附近，被桥墩分开的相邻两个直板桥内的磁通方向相反，桥墩的高度应达到屏蔽效果，使铁芯内的原磁通上不到煎饼线圈周围空气中。According to the method and device for obtaining electric energy according to claim 2, the partial cross-sectional unit structure inside the iron core is a structure of a straight bridge and a bridge pier, and it is characterized in that the partial cross-sectional structure of the iron core has a long straight bridge, The magnetic flux in the straight bridge is provided by the magnet under the straight bridge and transported up through the bridge pier. For the excitation generator, the magnetic flux in the straight bridge is provided by the excitation coil under the straight bridge and transported up through the bridge pier, and then through the adjacent When the pier is sent down, the magnetic flux density in the straight bridge is near the saturation point, and the magnetic flux direction in the two adjacent straight bridges separated by the pier is opposite. The height of the pier should achieve the shielding effect, so that the original magnetic flux in the iron core Not to air around the pancake coil.
4. 根据权利要求2所诉的获取电能的方法和装置，提供出煎饼线圈的形状和结构，其特征在于，它的最大面积可以靠近铁芯有一定气隙发生相对运动，它的宽度与铁芯中的磁通方向相对应，它的绕线方式是先绕第一层由外向内，再绕第二层由内向外，线圈层数是双数使漆包线的首尾都在外圈，由这样的若干个煎饼线圈嵌入一个骨架中并粘接牢固，充当与铁芯相对运动的另一方，对于圆盘式发电机的煎饼线圈是平面式的，对于圆柱式发电机的煎饼线圈是弧形曲面式的，对于能量密度较高发电机的煎饼线圈两头都有折弯使它对铁芯形成半包围，对于简易型发电机的煎饼线圈两头没有折弯。According to the method and device for obtaining electric energy claimed in claim 2, the shape and structure of the pancake coil are provided, which is characterized in that its maximum area can be close to the iron core with a certain air gap for relative movement, and its width is the same as that in the iron core. Corresponding to the direction of the magnetic flux, its winding method is to wind the first layer from outside to inside, and then wind the second layer from inside to outside. The pancake coil is embedded in a skeleton and firmly bonded to act as the other side of the relative movement with the iron core. The pancake coil for the disc generator is flat, and the pancake coil for the cylindrical generator is curved. There are bends at both ends of the pancake coil of the higher energy density generator so that it forms a semi-surrounding of the iron core, and there is no bend at both ends of the pancake coil of the simple generator.
5. 根据权利要求2所述的获取电能的方法和装置，提供出定子和转子呈圆柱状的圆柱型发电机，其特征在于，它由偶数个磁铁与一个整体式铁芯组合成一个定子，该定子中心是一个圆柱形孔洞，该孔洞由若干个弧形板桥围成，其中可以安装转子，该定子铁芯是板桥和桥墩结构，每个磁铁的磁通由桥墩流过板桥再到相邻的桥墩到相邻的磁铁，使相邻板桥内的磁通方向相反；该转子是由与磁通方向相对应的煎饼线圈黏贴在转子骨架上，再安装到轴上；当采用励磁式发电机的时候，可以由铁芯作为转子，煎饼线圈作为定子。According to the method and device for obtaining electric energy according to claim 2, a cylindrical generator with a cylindrical stator and rotor is provided, which is characterized in that it is composed of an even number of magnets and an integral iron core to form a stator, the stator The center is a cylindrical hole, which is surrounded by several arc-shaped bridges, in which the rotor can be installed. The stator core is a structure of bridges and piers. The magnetic flux of each magnet flows from the piers through the bridges to the phase The adjacent bridge pier is connected to the adjacent magnet, so that the direction of the magnetic flux in the adjacent bridge is opposite; the rotor is pasted on the rotor frame by the pancake coil corresponding to the direction of the magnetic flux, and then installed on the shaft; when the excitation When using a type generator, the iron core can be used as the rotor, and the pancake coil can be used as the stator.
6. 根据权利要求2所述的获取电能的方法和装置，提供出定子和转子呈现圆盘形的盘式多级发电机，其特征在于，每套磁铁维持前后两面铁芯组成一个盘式铁芯，当采用励磁式的时候就是励磁线圈能够维持前后两面铁芯组成一个盘式铁芯，使盘式铁芯的前后两面都能被煎饼线圈感应磁通；每个盘式线圈骨架由若干个煎饼线圈嵌入其中并粘接牢固；将多个盘式铁芯和多个盘式线圈互为转子和定子交错布置在一个发电机中，使中间每个煎饼线圈的前后都能感应到铁芯中的磁通；转子与转子之间用轴套定位，定子与定子之间用定位环定位，每个定位环可以采用与定子轴向螺丝孔数量和口径相同的带螺丝孔的 小圆柱体代替，便于观察测量气隙，使转子和定子之间的气隙都相等，从而保证转子和定子之间的吸引力抵消。According to the method and device for obtaining electric energy according to claim 2, a disk-type multi-stage generator in which the stator and the rotor are in the shape of a disk is provided, wherein each set of magnets maintains two front and rear iron cores to form a disk-type iron core, When the excitation type is used, the excitation coil can maintain the front and rear iron cores to form a disc core, so that the front and rear sides of the disc core can be induced by the magnetic flux of the pancake coil; each disc coil skeleton is composed of several pancake coils Embedded in it and bonded firmly; multiple disc cores and multiple disc coils are interlaced as rotors and stators in a generator, so that the front and back of each pancake coil in the middle can sense the magnetic field in the core. Through; between the rotor and the rotor is positioned by the sleeve, between the stator and the stator is positioned by the positioning ring, each positioning ring can be replaced by a small cylinder with screw holes with the same number and diameter as the axial screw holes of the stator, which is convenient for observation Measure the air gap so that the air gap between the rotor and the stator is equal, thus ensuring that the attractive force between the rotor and the stator cancels out.
7. 根据权利要求6所述的获取电能的方法和装置，提供出维持气隙均等不偏移并使吸引力抵消的方法，其特征在于，多级盘式发电机有多个转子和多个定子，处于中间位置的盘式线圈包括骨架和多个盘式铁芯能够受到前后两个方向的轴向吸引力，维持每个转子与定子之间的气隙均等，从而使吸引力抵消；通过使盘式发电机竖直运行，利用转子的重量使轴向受力偏向下面，轴的下面采用推力轴承，上面采用向心轴承；虽然水平运行，但通过某些方法使轴向受力不均，受吸引力大的的那一端采用推力轴承，另一端采用向心轴承；用推力轴承的抵抗保持气隙的稳定。According to the method and device for obtaining electric energy according to claim 6, a method for maintaining equal air gaps without offset and offsetting the attractive forces is provided, wherein the multi-stage disc generator has multiple rotors and multiple stators, The disc coil in the middle position includes a skeleton and a plurality of disc cores, which can receive axial attraction in the front and rear directions, and maintain an equal air gap between each rotor and stator, so that the attraction is offset; by making the disc The generator runs vertically, using the weight of the rotor to deflect the axial force downward, the lower part of the shaft adopts the thrust bearing, and the upper part adopts the centripetal bearing; although it runs horizontally, the axial force is uneven through some methods. Thrust bearing is used at the end with strong attraction force, and radial bearing is used at the other end; the resistance of thrust bearing is used to keep the air gap stable.
8. 根据权利要求6所述的获取电能的方法和装置，提供出不需要外部动力机械还能够维持气隙均等的方法，其特征在于，在发电机转轴上再加装一套盘式无刷电机的转子和定子，并使无刷电机的轴向推力偏向有推力轴承那一侧。According to the method and device for obtaining electric energy according to claim 6, a method that can maintain an equal air gap without external power machinery is provided, and it is characterized in that a set of disc-type brushless motors is installed on the generator shaft Rotor and stator, and the axial thrust of the brushless motor is biased to the side with the thrust bearing.
9. 根据权利要求6所述的获取电能的方法和装置，提供出不需要外部动力机械也不需要推力轴承还能够维持气隙均等的方法，其特征在于，在发电机转轴上再加装一套盘式无刷电机的转子和定子，但让无刷电机产生前后两个方向的轴向推力，轴的两端都使用向心推力球轴承，轴承孔做成通孔。According to the method and device for obtaining electric energy according to claim 6, a method for maintaining equal air gaps without external power machinery or thrust bearings is provided, and it is characterized in that a set of discs is installed on the generator shaft The rotor and stator of the type brushless motor, but let the brushless motor generate axial thrust in the front and rear directions. Both ends of the shaft use radial thrust ball bearings, and the bearing holes are made through holes.
10. 根据权利要求1所述的获取电能的方法和装置，提供出线圈相对于铁芯做跳跃运动的方案，其特征在于，利用磁铁或励磁线圈在若干个铁芯的若干个凸极内形成两个方向的静止磁通，在这些凸极上绕上静止线圈，当凸极没有极靴的时候，可以套上带骨架的线圈，在线圈的相同匝数的位置抽出抽头，也可以在每个相邻两线圈之间抽出抽头，并将抽头标出数字标号，然后用两根电压输出线与这些抽头快速的接通和断开，快速通断过程中使与两根电压输出线相连的线圈数量基本维持不变，但是让这些线圈中的磁通量和磁通方向发生快速周期性变化，进而产生感生电动势。According to the method and device for obtaining electric energy according to claim 1, a solution for the coil to perform jumping motion relative to the iron core is provided, wherein two magnets or excitation coils are used to form two The static magnetic flux in the direction, wind the stationary coils on these salient poles, when the salient poles do not have pole shoes, you can put on the coils with skeletons, draw the taps at the same number of turns of the coils, or you can use them in each phase Pull out taps between two adjacent coils, and mark the taps with digital labels, and then use two voltage output lines to quickly connect and disconnect these taps. During the rapid on-off process, the number of coils connected to the two voltage output lines remain essentially the same, but allow rapid periodic changes in the magnetic flux and flux direction in these coils, which in turn generate an induced electromotive force.
11. 根据权利要求10所述的获取电能的方法和装置，提供出电刷式圆周驱动的方案，其特征在于，两个定子圆盘每个定子圆盘分别布置两圈若干个静止电刷，这两圈静止电刷呈径向对应状态，可以让径向对应的由导线相连的两个运动电刷在圆周运动中依次导通内外两圈静止电刷；让内圈外圈的静止电刷其中一圈分别连接抽头，另一圈并联起来作为电压输出线，两个定子圆盘上的电压输出线可以直接输出感生电压；两个定子圆盘上的静止电刷不是对称分布的，第一个定子圆盘上的两圈静止电刷，在均布的情况下左侧一半的两圈静止电刷还要逆时针旋转一个距离或角度，旋转的量等于运动电刷的宽度减去相邻两静止电刷之间的圆周方向间隙，或者说是等于运动电刷的周向宽度所占的角度减去相邻两静止电刷之间的圆周方向间隙所占的角度；第二个圆盘上的静止电刷，在均布的情况下左侧一半的两圈静止电刷还要顺时针旋转一个距离或角度，旋转的量是等于运动电刷的周向宽度减去相邻两静止电刷之间的圆周方向间隙，或者说是等于运动电刷的宽度所占的角度减去两静止电刷之间的圆周方向间隙所占的角度，这样不对称分布后，可以使两对运动电刷错开角度，可以使前半周是第二个圆盘上的一对运动电刷在前，后半周是第一个圆盘上的一对运动电刷在前，从而不论是前半周还是后半周，接通状态的开关所控制的线圈匝数基本维持不变。According to the method and device for obtaining electric energy according to claim 10, a brush-type circular drive solution is provided, wherein two stator disks are respectively arranged with several stationary brushes in two circles, the two The static brushes of the rings are in a radial corresponding state, which allows the two radially corresponding moving brushes connected by wires to conduct the inner and outer rings of the static brushes sequentially in the circular motion; let one of the static brushes of the inner ring and the outer ring The coils are connected to the taps respectively, and the other coil is connected in parallel as a voltage output line. The voltage output lines on the two stator discs can directly output the induced voltage; the stationary brushes on the two stator discs are not symmetrically distributed. The first The two circles of stationary brushes on the stator disk, in the case of uniform distribution, the two circles of stationary brushes on the left half will rotate counterclockwise for a distance or angle, and the amount of rotation is equal to the width of the moving brush minus the adjacent two circles. The circumferential gap between the stationary brushes, or equal to the angle occupied by the circumferential width of the moving brush minus the angle occupied by the circumferential gap between two adjacent stationary brushes; on the second disc In the case of uniform distribution, the two circles of static brushes on the left side will rotate a distance or angle clockwise. The amount of rotation is equal to the circumferential width of the moving brush minus the two adjacent stationary brushes. The gap in the circumferential direction between the two stationary brushes is equal to the angle occupied by the width of the moving brush minus the angle occupied by the gap in the circumferential direction between the two stationary brushes. After such an asymmetric distribution, the two pairs of moving brushes can By staggering the angle, the first half circle is a pair of moving brushes on the second disc in front, and the second half circle is a pair of moving brushes on the first disc in front, so that whether it is the first half circle or the second half circle, The number of turns of the coil controlled by the switch in the on state remains basically unchanged.
12. 根据权利要求10所述的获取电能的方法和装置，提供出霍尔元件和电子开关相配合的驱动方案，其特征在于，固定部件上标记好号码的抽头连接到相同号码电子开关的一个漏极上，另一个漏极用两根电压输出线分别将前一半和后一半电子开关并联起来，每个电子开关接入隔离电源和霍尔元件的上拉电阻后成为电子开关单元；用若干个霍尔元件成对布置在驱动小磁铁的控制路线上，并与电子开关单元连接，用小磁铁成对驱动这些霍尔元件，依次控制电子开关的开合，从而实现与两根电压输出线相连的接通状态电子 开关控制的线圈中的磁通量和磁通方向发生快速周期性变化，产生感生电动势。According to the method and device for obtaining electric energy according to claim 10, a drive scheme in which the Hall element and the electronic switch cooperate is provided, wherein the tap with the number marked on the fixed part is connected to a drain of the electronic switch with the same number On the other drain, use two voltage output lines to connect the first half and the second half of the electronic switches in parallel, and each electronic switch becomes an electronic switch unit after being connected to the isolated power supply and the pull-up resistor of the Hall element; The Hall elements are arranged in pairs on the control route for driving small magnets, and are connected with the electronic switch unit. These Hall elements are driven in pairs with small magnets, and the opening and closing of the electronic switches are sequentially controlled, so as to realize the connection with two voltage output lines. The magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux in the coil controlled by the electronic switch in the on-state change rapidly and periodically, generating an induced electromotive force.
13. 根据权利要求12所述的霍尔元件和电子开关相配合的驱动方案，提供出小直流控制大交流的高速电子开关，其特征在于，将两个mos管的栅极和栅极对接，源极和源极对接，对接后栅极和源极之间加泻放电阻和稳压二极管，栅极加限流电阻，就成了电子开关，可以实现高速控制，将mos管换成三极管或IGBT也可以，这个电子开关也可以用于电路板式驱动方案。According to the driving scheme of the Hall element and the electronic switch as claimed in claim 12, a high-speed electronic switch with small direct current controlling large alternating current is provided, and it is characterized in that the gates of the two mos tubes are connected to the gate, and the source It is connected to the source, and after the connection, a discharge resistor and a Zener diode are added between the gate and the source, and a current limiting resistor is added to the gate to become an electronic switch, which can realize high-speed control. It is also possible to replace the mos tube with a triode or IGBT Yes, this electronic switch can also be used in board-based drive solutions.
14. 根据权利要求10所述的获取电能的方法和装置，提供出电路板式驱动方案，其特征在于，在电路板外侧靠近边缘处布置有若干个接线端子，固定部件上标记好号码的抽头连接到相同号码的接线端子上一个外接口上，每个接线端子有两个外接口，另一个外接口分别将前一半号码和后一半号码并联，两根并联线形成两根电压输出线；接线端子的内接口连接到权利要求13所述的电子开关，这些电子开关经过适配电路与单片机连接，适配电路含有晶振电路、接口电路、隔离电路、电容；当单片机运行高速流水灯程序时，接通状态的电子开关所控制的线圈中的磁通量和磁通方向发生快速周期性变化，两个电压输出线即可产生感生电动势。According to the method and device for obtaining electric energy according to claim 10, a circuit board type driving scheme is provided, wherein a plurality of connection terminals are arranged on the outside of the circuit board close to the edge, and the taps marked with numbers on the fixed parts are connected to the same There is one external interface on the connecting terminal of the number, and each connecting terminal has two external interfaces, and the other external interface respectively connects the first half of the number and the second half of the number in parallel, and the two parallel lines form two voltage output lines; The interface is connected to the electronic switch described in claim 13, and these electronic switches are connected with the single-chip microcomputer through the adaptation circuit, and the adaptation circuit contains a crystal oscillator circuit, an interface circuit, an isolation circuit, and a capacitor; The magnetic flux and the direction of the magnetic flux in the coil controlled by the electronic switch change rapidly and periodically, and the two voltage output lines can generate an induced electromotive force.
15. 根据权利要求10所述的获取电能的方法和装置，提供出暂储暂放电装置，其特征在于，将固定部件的相邻每两个抽头之间的每个线圈都并联电容，并在电容和线圈的小回路中串联充放电开关，使每个线圈脱离驱动机构的输出电压回路时，线圈内的电感能暂储即暂时充电到电容中，当该线圈又回到驱动机构的输出电压回路时，又从电容向线圈放电；放电有提前放电的方式和同步放电的方式，提前放电就是利用并联谐振原理，在线圈重回输出电压回路之前，将电量放电到其中，适用于较慢的驱动机构前进速度使该线圈脱离输出电压回路的时长超过一个谐振周期；同步放电就是线圈重回输出电压回路与放电同时发生，适用于所有的驱动机构前进速度。According to the method and device for obtaining electric energy according to claim 10, a temporary storage and temporary discharge device is provided, which is characterized in that each coil between every two adjacent taps of the fixed part is connected in parallel with a capacitor, and between the capacitor and A charge-discharge switch is connected in series in the small loop of the coil, so that when each coil is separated from the output voltage loop of the drive mechanism, the inductance in the coil can be temporarily stored, that is, temporarily charged into the capacitor, and when the coil returns to the output voltage loop of the drive mechanism , and discharge from the capacitor to the coil; the discharge has the way of early discharge and synchronous discharge. The early discharge is to use the principle of parallel resonance to discharge the power into the coil before returning to the output voltage circuit, which is suitable for slower driving mechanisms. The forward speed causes the coil to leave the output voltage loop for more than one resonance period; synchronous discharge means that the coil returns to the output voltage loop and discharge occurs simultaneously, which is applicable to all drive mechanism forward speeds.
16. 根据权利要求10所述的获取电能的方法和装置，提供出两相电的固定部件即磁铁铁芯线圈布置方案，其特征在于，从第一相的相位差位置(例如120度位置)再反向绕一相线圈，第二相线圈的绕线方向与第一相相同，当第二相线圈的前进方向上与第一相线圈所在凸极的磁通方向相同的凸极数量不够时，就要增加相应的磁铁和凸极数量，使第二相的凸极分布情况与第一相一样是磁通方向各占一半；有的铁芯凸极上需要绕两个线圈；用同样的方法抽出抽头并标记与第一相略微不同的数字标号，这种设置的好处是避免了部分磁铁和凸极的动态闲置的情况。According to the method and device for obtaining electric energy according to claim 10, the fixed part of the two-phase electricity is provided, that is, the layout scheme of the magnet core coil, which is characterized in that, from the phase difference position of the first phase (for example, the position of 120 degrees) Winding a phase coil in one direction, the winding direction of the second phase coil is the same as that of the first phase, when the number of salient poles in the forward direction of the second phase coil that is the same as the magnetic flux direction of the salient pole where the first phase coil is located is not enough, then It is necessary to increase the corresponding number of magnets and salient poles, so that the distribution of the salient poles of the second phase is the same as that of the first phase, and the magnetic flux direction accounts for half; some iron core salient poles need to be wound with two coils; use the same method to extract Tap and mark a slightly different digital label than the first phase. The advantage of this setting is to avoid the dynamic idle situation of some magnets and salient poles.
17. 根据权利要求10所述的获取电能的方法和装置，提供出多相电的驱动机构的方案，其特征在于，对于电路板驱动方式是在电路板上增加第二相的电子开关，运行同一个单片机的某一相位差的两相程序，对于其它驱动方式是使用同一套驱动机构的多相驱动机构进行同一轴上的转子错开一个相位差角度运行这个驱动机构。According to the method and device for obtaining electric energy according to claim 10, a solution for a multi-phase electric drive mechanism is provided, wherein, for the circuit board drive mode, an electronic switch of the second phase is added on the circuit board to run the same For the two-phase program of a certain phase difference of the single-chip microcomputer, for other driving methods, the multi-phase driving mechanism of the same set of driving mechanism is used to run the driving mechanism with the rotor on the same shaft staggered by a phase difference angle.
18. 根据权利要求10所述的获取电能的方法和装置，提供出能量密度最大化的两级电方案，其特征在于，固定部件每个凸极有两个线圈的位置，第一组线圈绕好并抽头标号后，从180度位置开始再正走向绕一组线圈并抽头标号，第二组线圈的绕线方向与第一组相反，即一组顺时针另一组逆时针，然后两级驱动机构进行零相位差的同步驱动，驱动机构的电压输出线首尾串联连接或者首首和尾尾并联连接，这两组线圈可以都加上暂储暂放电装置。According to the method and device for obtaining electric energy according to claim 10, a two-stage electric scheme for maximizing energy density is provided, characterized in that, each salient pole of the fixed part has two coil positions, and the first set of coils is wound and After tapping the label, start from the 180-degree position and then wind a group of coils and tap the label. The winding direction of the second group of coils is opposite to that of the first group, that is, one group is clockwise and the other group is counterclockwise, and then the two-stage drive mechanism For synchronous driving with zero phase difference, the voltage output lines of the driving mechanism are connected in series or in parallel, and the two sets of coils can be equipped with temporary storage and temporary discharge devices.
19. 根据权利要求14和权利要求15和权利要求17和权利要求18所述的电路板驱动方案，提供出集成电路模块的方案，其特征在于，将电路板上的所有元件，包括外面的并联线，都集成在一个电路板或模块中；需要的时候将暂储暂放装置也集成在里面；模块外面只有抽头的接线柱、输出电压接线柱、输入直流电源接线柱，集成后可以使价格更经济，使用更方便。According to the circuit board driving scheme described in claim 14 and claim 15 and claim 17 and claim 18, a scheme for an integrated circuit module is provided, which is characterized in that all components on the circuit board, including external parallel lines, They are all integrated into one circuit board or module; when needed, the temporary storage and temporary release device is also integrated inside; outside the module, there are only tap terminals, output voltage terminals, and input DC power supply terminals, which can make the price more economical after integration , more convenient to use.

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