Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F33/00—Control of operations performed in washing machines or washer-dryers 
  • D06F33/30—Control of washing machines characterised by the purpose or target of the control 
  • D06F33/32—Control of operational steps, e.g. optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry
  • D06F33/37—Control of operational steps, e.g. optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry of metering of detergents or additives
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
  • D06F2103/02—Characteristics of laundry or load
  • D06F2103/04—Quantity, e.g. weight or variation of weight
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
  • D06F2105/02—Water supply
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
  • D06F2105/42—Detergent or additive supply
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
  • D06F2105/52—Changing sequence of operational steps; Carrying out additional operational steps; Modifying operational steps, e.g. by extending duration of steps
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
  • D06F2105/56—Remaining operation time; Remaining operational cycles
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
  • D06F2105/58—Indications or alarms to the control system or to the user
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F25/00—Washing machines with receptacles, e.g. perforated, having a rotary movement, e.g. oscillatory movement, the receptacle serving both for washing and for centrifugally separating water from the laundry and having further drying means, e.g. using hot air 
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F33/00—Control of operations performed in washing machines or washer-dryers 
  • D06F33/30—Control of washing machines characterised by the purpose or target of the control 
  • D06F33/32—Control of operational steps, e.g. optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry
  • D06F33/34—Control of operational steps, e.g. optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry of water filling

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a washing machine or washer-dryer and a washing method, in particular a step of filling the washing machine with water.
• Domestic washing machines comprise a supporting and housing structure, in which a washing tank is housed, provided with a front opening closable by a porthole door frontally hinged to the housing.
• a drum is rotatably housed inside the washing tank, about a horizontal or inclined axis, to receive the clothes to be washed.
• the drum also delimits a front opening placed at the opening of the washing tank in order to load and unload the clothes.
• the washing tank is adapted to contain the washing liquid during the clothes washing steps.
• a washing water filling system connectable to the water supply network is provided to allow the filling the tank with mains water and detergent substances and additives.
• a drainage duct associated with a drainage pump is provided at the bottom of the washing tank, which removes the washing liquid from the tank and, together with the filling system, controls the level of liquid inside the tank.
• the detergent tray can be configured as a drawer which can be removed from and inserted into the housing structure and which can be filled manually for each wash with an amount of detergent and/or treatment additive sufficient for a single washing cycle.
• An electrical resistance for heating the washing liquid contained in the washing tank is provided, the electrical resistance being arranged inside the washing tank, in the gap between the tank wall and the laundry drum.
• Recirculation systems usually comprise a recirculation duct which extends externally to the washing tank from a lower opening of the washing tank (for drawing the liquid to be recirculated) up to an upper opening of the washing tank (for reintroducing the recirculated liquid), as well as an electric or ejector recirculation pump.
• Some washing machines comprise a sensor for detecting the clothes load and a control device which controls the execution of a washing program also depending on the detected clothes load.
• the clothes load is detected when performing a washing program which has already started, for example by monitoring the absorption of water in the clothes or by means of force sensors interposed between the washing tank and the housing.
• the step of filling mains water in the washing tank is performed in an iterative manner, alternating the steps of opening a supply valve with rotation steps of the laundry drum and with steps of monitoring the water level in the washing tank through a pressure sensor in order to consider both a desired water level, which can be verified by detecting water pressure at the bottom of the washing tank, and the amount of water absorbed by the clothes, which in turn depends on the quantity of clothes contained in the drum.
• the known iterative water filling process is performed conceptually equally for each individual washing cycle, irrespective of the quantity of clothes loaded in the laundry drum. Therefore, the individual water filling steps are selected small enough so as to avoid excessively exceeding the desired water level also in the presence of a few items of clothes. This circumstance requires an increased number of individual water filling steps alternated by corresponding steps of monitoring the water level through the pressure sensor, thus requiring undesirably lengthy filling times and undesirably increased energy consumption.
• the washing machines and washer-dryers of the known art do not allow determining clothes treatment parameters, for example the dose of detergent or other treatment substances, or the clothes drying time, in quantity ranges optimized for the type and quantity of clothes actually treated.
• Further objects of the present invention relate to the provision of an improved washing machine and washing method having features so as to determine clothes treatment parameters, for example the detergent dose or the drying time, in a new and targeted manner for the type (for example, the water absorption property) and quantity (for example, the total dry and/or wet mass) of clothes actually treated.
• clothes treatment parameters for example the detergent dose or the drying time
• a washing method by a washing machine comprising:
• a treatment system configured to perform, on the clothes inside the laundry drum, one or more laundry washing programs by soaking in water and detergent, [0025] wherein the washing method comprises:
• washing program comprising a step of filling water in the washing tank
• a treatment system configured to perform, on the clothes inside the laundry drum, one or more laundry washing programs by soaking in water and detergent, [0034] wherein the treatment system is configured to:
• washing program comprising a step of filling water in the washing tank
• the thus configured laundry machine allows immediately filling the washing machine with the amount of water required for the clothes mass to be washed, obviating repeated and lengthy partial filling iterations, discontinuation and waiting for absorption of the water by the clothes, monitoring the water level, further partial filling, etc., of the known art, and therefore, obtaining a considerable decrease in the duration of the water filling step, for example in the range of 20 minutes.
• a washing method is suggested, where the water filling step depending on the determined dry clothes mass can be optional, but which also comprises the steps of:
• [0042] determining a moisture parameter indicative of an amount of water which is to be evaporated through the drying step (44) depending on the determined value of dry clothes mass (dry mass) and the determined value of wet clothes mass (wet_mass), [0043] - displaying a time duration of the drying step (44) determined depending on the determined moisture parameter.
• FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a washing machine according to an embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a water filling process of a washing program according to an embodiment
• FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relation between a total required water amount (ordinate, Peak_1 [mm]) and the value of the determined dry clothes mass (abscissa, Dry mass [kg]), for determining the total required water amount (Peak_1 [mm]) depending on the determined dry clothes mass (Dry mass [kg]), according to an embodiment,
• FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relation between a water level in the washing tank after a step of absorbing water in the clothes (ordinate, abs_level_1 [mm]) and the value of the determined dry clothes mass (abscissa, Dry mass [kg]), for determining a water level value (abs_level_1 [mm]) after absorption depending on the determined dry clothes mass (Dry mass [kg]), according to an embodiment,
• FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relation between a duration of the step of absorbing water in the clothes (ordinate, abs_time_1 [s]) and the value of the determined dry clothes mass (abscissa, Dry mass [kg]), for determining a value of the duration of the water absorption step (abs_time_1 [s]) up to reaching the water level value (abs_level_1 [mm]) after absorption depending on the determined dry clothes mass (Dry mass [kg]), according to an embodiment,
• FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a monitoring of the water level in the washing tank (ordinate, H2O_level [mm]) as a function of the time (abscissa, time [s]), for detecting/determining the actual duration of the water absorption step (real_time_1 [s]) up to reaching the water level value (abs_level_1 [mm]) after absorption in order to verify the correctness of the value of the determined dry clothes mass (Dry mass [kg]), according to an embodiment.
• FIG. 6B is a further diagram showing a monitoring of the water level in the washing tank (ordinate, H2O_level [mm]) as a function of the time (abscissa, time [s]), for detecting/determining the actual duration of the water absorption step (real_time_1 [s]) up to reaching the water level value (abs_level_1 [mm]) after absorption in order to verify the correctness of the value of determined dry clothes mass (Dry mass [kg]), according to an embodiment.
• FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an alternation of brief opening and closing steps of a water filling flow in a water filling sub-step with pulses, which is suitable for an improved dilution/solution and effective rinsing of powder detergent from a detergent compartment towards the washing tank, according to an embodiment.
• FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a water and detergent filling process of a washing program, according to an embodiment
• FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a process for determining drying parameters of a washing program, according to an embodiment.
• a washing machine 1 or washer-dryer comprises a supporting and housing structure 2, in which a washing tank 3 is housed, provided with a (frontal or peripheral) opening closable by a door 4, e.g., a porthole door, hinged frontally to or on top of housing 2.
• a laundry drum 5 for accommodating the clothes to be washed is housed inside the washing tank 3 in a rotatable manner about a horizontal or inclined rotation axis R-R.
• the laundry drum 5 can also delimit a front opening at the opening of the washing tank 3, or a closable peripheral opening, for loading and unloading the clothes.
• the washing machine comprises a clothes treatment system 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 18, 20, 21 configured to perform one or more treatment steps on the clothes inside the laundry drum 5, in particular clothes washing steps by soaking in water and detergent and/or steps of drying clothes by forced ventilation.
• the washing tank 3 is adapted to contain the washing liquid during the clothes washing steps.
• a washing water filling system 6 connectable to the water mains is provided to allow filling mains water in the washing tank 3.
• the filling system 6 can comprise a plurality of ducts which extend from, for example, one or more, e.g., two, supply solenoid valves 7, 8, directly or through detergent compartments of a detergent tray 9, to the washing tank 3.
• a drainage duct 11 with associated drainage pump 12 which removes the washing liquid from tank 3 and which, together with the supply solenoid valves 7, 8, controls the level of liquid inside tank 3, is connected to bottom 10 of the washing tank 3.
• An electrical resistance 13 arranged inside tank 3, in particular at the tank bottom 10, in the gap between the wall of tank 3 and the laundry drum 5, can be provided for heating the washing liquid contained in tank 3.
• the washing machine 1 can further comprise a dispensing system 18 of the “multiple dose” type for dispensing substances for treating the clothes.
• the dispensing system 18 comprises, for example, a plurality of reservoirs 19 for containing the treatment substances, e.g., detergent for resistant white items, detergent for delicate colored items, detergent for wool, perfuming substances, enzymes, fixing substances and/or fabric softener.
• the plurality of reservoirs 19 can be positioned, for example, in the porthole door 4, in the detergent drawer 9, or in housing 2, and the individual reservoirs 19 are dimensioned to each contain a sufficient volume of the treatment substance for a plurality of washing cycles.
• the washing machine 1 can further comprise a system 20 for recirculating the washing liquid from the bottom of tank 10 to the laundry drum 5.
• the washing machine 1 can further comprise a drying system 21 , for example a drying air circuit 22 with conveying means 23, air heating means 24, and means 25 for condensing the moisture in the conveyed air.
• a drying system 21 for example a drying air circuit 22 with conveying means 23, air heating means 24, and means 25 for condensing the moisture in the conveyed air.
• the laundry drum 5 can be rotatably actuated by an electric motor 14 and a transmission 15, for example a belt transmission or a direct coupling of the direct drive type, in order to agitate and remix the clothes with the washing liquid.
• a transmission 15 for example a belt transmission or a direct coupling of the direct drive type
• the operation of the washing machine 1 is controlled by an electronic control system 16 in signal connection with the electric motor 14, with the treatment system 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 18, 20, 21 , and with a user interface 17 for selecting a treatment program from a plurality of treatment programs.
• the user interface 17 can be positioned at an outer wall or at the door 4 of housing 2, or an electronic device separate from housing 2.
• the control unit 16 drives the various components of the washing machine 1 to automatically wash and/or dry the clothes.
• the electronic control system 16 is configured to control the electric motor 14 and the treatment system 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 18, 20, 21 depending on the treatment program selected by means of the user interface.
• the electronic control system 16 comprises a module 26 for determining the mass of the clothes contained in the laundry drum 5, for example by weighing or by detecting (a difference in) a mass or the weight of the washing tank-laundry drum unit or by detecting and interpreting electrical magnitudes of the electric motor 14 during a step of rotatably operating the laundry drum loaded with the still dry clothes.
• module 26 for determining the mass of the clothes contained in the laundry drum 5 can be configured to:
• each inrush step comprising: [0076] - actuating the electric motor 14 to accelerate the laundry drum 5 to rotate from an initial speed v init equal to zero up to a predetermined maximum speed v max, with a substantially constant acceleration,
• inrush events i.e., events of acceleration of motor 14 (and the laundry drum 5) from a static condition to a maximum rotational speed
• the inrush current of the electric motor 14 can be considered exclusively correlated to the mass inertial moment of the assembly laundry drum 5 and clothes contained therein. This simplifies the correlation of the mass inertial moment, and thus the mass itself, with the detected current of motor 14, thus allowing a more accurate, reliable and quick determination of the clothes mass.
• a washing method by a washing machine comprises:
• the method comprises the steps of:
• a pulsed filling step 30 during the initial filling step 29 undesirably lengthens the overall water filling time but it can be provided to increase the dilution and rinsing effectiveness of powder detergent from a detergent tray 9 of the washing machine 1 towards the washing tank 3 ( Figure 7).
• Step 39 of determining the value of total required water amount Peak_1 depending on the determined dry clothes mass dry mass can comprise calculating the value of total required water amount Peak_1 using a predetermined function or table of value pairs obtained, for example, by tests performed for the washing machine 1 , for example a linear function obtained through an interpolation of discrete experimental values (Figure 3).
• the first lower threshold value dry_mass_min_1 of the determined dry clothes mass dry mass is 4 kg and the corresponding value of total required water amount Peak_1_min is 70 mm of water column in the washing tank 3.
• the initial filling step 29 comprises:
• a water level in the washing tank 3 for example by a pressure sensor 31 or an optical sensor, or
• the method is reliable and accurate also in the presence of different water pressures, and therefore of different supply flow rates, for example between washing machines installed on the ground floor and on the top floor of a tall building.
• the value of total required water amount Peak_1 is an estimated value, i.e., it is an estimated value of total required water amount (Peak_1 ).
• This estimated value of total required water amount Peak_1 cannot always necessarily correspond to (and is not to be confused with) a total water amount filled into the washing tank since embodiments of the invention can include further step(s) 33 of corrective filling of the washing tank 3 with water so that a total amount of water filled into the washing tank can, in these cases, turn out to be the sum of the (estimated) value of total required water amount Peak_1 filled into the washing tank 3 and the further step(s) 33 of corrective filling of the washing tank 3 with water.
• the method comprises a step of verifying 32 the suitability of the total required water amount Peak_1 for washing the quantity of clothes actually present in the laundry drum 5, by:
• step 33 if the actual monitored absorption differs from the theoretical absorption model, performing a step 33 of corrective filling of water into the washing tank 3 and/or an (optional but advantageous) step 34 of determining a corrected value of dry clothes mass dry_mass_corr.
• the verification step 32 allows the method to "recognize” the error and to intervene with correction steps of both the water amount in the washing tank 3 and the value of dry clothes mass dry mass, which can also advantageously serve to determine several other parameters of the washing program.
• the method includes the step of verification and addition of water, if deemed suitable.
• the water amount filled into the washing tank 3 is greater than the water amount planned as optimal, but no corrective intervention is required (and the method does not include it). Indeed, a volume of excess water does not jeopardize the clothes washing results.
• the verification step 32 can comprise:
• [00112] monitoring a water level H2O_level present in the washing tank 3, for example by a pressure sensor 31 or an optical sensor, from reaching the value of total required water amount Peak_1 , hence, from the discontinuation of the water supply flow in the washing tank 3,
• the step of determining the theoretical value of water level abs_level_1 after the water absorption step can comprise calculating the theoretical value of water level abs_level_1 after the water absorption step using a predetermined function or table of value pairs obtained, for example, by tests performed for the washing machine 1 , for example a linear function obtained through an interpolation of discrete experimental values (Figure 4).
• the second lower threshold value dry_mass_min_2 of the determined dry clothes mass dry mass is 6 kg and the corresponding theoretical value of water level abs_level_1_min after the water absorption step is 54 mm of water column in the washing tank 3.
• the step of determining the theoretical value of duration abs_time_1 of the water absorption step can comprise calculating the theoretical value of duration abs_time_1 of the water absorption step using a predetermined function or table of value pairs obtained, for example, by tests performed for the washing machine 1 , for example a linear function obtained through an interpolation of discrete experimental values (Figure 5).
• the third lower threshold value dry_mass_min_3 of the determined dry clothes mass dry mass is 4 kg and the corresponding theoretical value of duration abs_time_1_min of the water absorption step is 138 seconds.
• Figures 6A and 6B show the trend of the water level value H2O_level in the washing tank 3 monitored, for example by the pressure sensor 31 .
• the corrective water filling step 33 can comprise generating a water supply flow in the washing tank 3 up to reaching a water level in the washing tank 3 corresponding to a predetermined corrective value of water amount, for example the value of total required water amount Peak_1 determined depending on the determined dry clothes mass dry mass.
• the corrective water filling step 33 can comprise:
• the corrective water filling step 33 can comprise generating a water supply flow in the washing tank 3:
• the step of determining the corrected value of dry clothes mass dry_mass_corr can comprise:
• the correction of the dry clothes mass value advantageously allows (and the method can include) a step 35 of adaptively adjusting one or more further treatment parameters, depending on the corrected value of dry clothes mass dry_mass_corr.
• the laundry drum 5 is brought more quickly to a maximum spinning speed in the spinning steps, while in case of larger clothes masses, the rotary accelerations of the laundry drum 5 are smaller and the spinning steps are shorter to avoid an excessive accumulation of water in the tank and allow draining the water extracted from the spun clothes.
• the method comprises:
• the automatic multiple dose dispensing system 10 is used to perform an initial dispensing step 40 of the detergent dispensing step 41 , during which initial dispensing step 40 the required detergent amount Detergent_1 is dispensed into the washing tank 3.
• the determination of the value of required detergent amount Detergent_1 can comprise calculating the value of required detergent amount Detergent_1 using a predetermined function or table of value pairs, which for example is defined by experimentation and/or according to indications of the detergent manufacturer of the detergent used.
• the method also includes a corrective step 42 of dispensing detergent into the washing tank 3, in addition to performing a step 33 of corrective filling of the washing tank 3 with water.
• the corrective detergent dispensing step 42 comprises dispensing a corrective amount of detergent Detergent_corr, which is predetermined or determined depending on the corrected value of dry clothes mass dry_mass_corr, into the washing tank 3.
• the corrective detergent dispensing step 42 comprises generating a detergent flow which is mixed with the water supply flow of the corrective water filling step 33.
• the corrective addition of detergent is performed simultaneously to the corrective addition of water. This allows dissolving, rinsing and transporting the corrective amount of detergent Detergent_corr directly by means of the water flow of the corrective water filling step 33.
• the initial detergent dispensing step 40 comprises generating a detergent flow which is mixed with the water supply flow of the initial water filling step 29.
• the washing machine is a washer-dryer and comprises the aforesaid drying system 21
• the method can comprise:
• the method can comprise:
• discontinuing the drying step 44 depending on the moisture parameter for example when the determined value of wet clothes mass wet_mass reaches the corrected value of dry clothes mass dry_mass_corr or the initial non-corrected value of dry clothes mass dry mass (circumstance indicative of the fact that the clothes are dry again).
• wet_mass The wet clothes mass (wet_mass) can be determined by the methods and systems described with reference to determining the dry clothes mass dry mass.
• the method comprises a step 38 of further verifying the water level H20_level in the washing tank, for example by means of steps: [00193] - STP 71 determining a lower reference value fuzzy lower level and an upper reference value fuzzy upper level depending on the determined dry clothes mass dry mass and possibly depending on the ratio of the determined dry clothes mass dry mass and an upper clothes mass limit value fulljoad, for example based on a predetermined calculation or a table of value pairs, for example according to the following table:
• step 32 of further verifying the water level H2O_level in the washing tank, e.g., STP 71 - STP 74, for example up to reaching a predetermined time limit, for example timejimit 3000 s.
• the further water filling step 36 can comprise generating a water supply flow in the washing tank 3 up to reaching a water level in the washing tank 3 corresponding to a predetermined value of further water amount, for example the upper reference value fuzzy upper level determined depending on the determined dry clothes mass dry mass, corrected dry_mass_corr, or updated dry _mass_update.
• a predetermined value of further water amount for example the upper reference value fuzzy upper level determined depending on the determined dry clothes mass dry mass, corrected dry_mass_corr, or updated dry _mass_update.
• the further water filling step 36 can comprise:
• the step of updating the current value of dry clothes mass dry mass or dry_mass_update can comprise:
• the method can further include updating the lower reference value fuzzy lower level and the upper reference value fuzzy upper level depending on the updated dry clothes mass dry_mass_update, for example by means of step STP 71 , for example by replacing value dry mass with dry_mass_update in the table above.
• the method described can be performed by the washing machine 1 described, in particular by the electronic control system 16 in signal connection with the electric motor 14, the treatment system 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 18, 20, 21 , 31 , and the user interface 17.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Control Of Washing Machine And Dryer (AREA)

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Citations (5)

• 2021
  • 2021-12-01 IT IT102021000030431A patent/IT202100030431A1/it unknown
• 2022
  • 2022-11-21 WO PCT/IB2022/061195 patent/WO2023100023A1/en unknown

Patent Citations (5)

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