WO2023098554A1 - 一种可换向人力变速驱动装置及仿划船手摇车 - Google Patents

一种可换向人力变速驱动装置及仿划船手摇车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023098554A1
WO2023098554A1 PCT/CN2022/133982 CN2022133982W WO2023098554A1 WO 2023098554 A1 WO2023098554 A1 WO 2023098554A1 CN 2022133982 W CN2022133982 W CN 2022133982W WO 2023098554 A1 WO2023098554 A1 WO 2023098554A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gear
clutch
handle
reversing
transmission
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/133982
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑健
靳朋
刘晓燕
胡小娟
Original Assignee
西安双驱自正智能科技有限公司
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Application filed by 西安双驱自正智能科技有限公司 filed Critical 西安双驱自正智能科技有限公司
Publication of WO2023098554A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023098554A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M1/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles
    • B62M1/14—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles operated exclusively by hand power
    • B62M1/16—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles operated exclusively by hand power by means of a to-and-fro movable handlebar
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K9/00—Children's cycles
    • B62K9/02—Tricycles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M1/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles
    • B62M1/24—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with reciprocating levers, e.g. foot levers
    • B62M1/28—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with reciprocating levers, e.g. foot levers characterised by the use of flexible drive members, e.g. chains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M1/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles
    • B62M1/24—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with reciprocating levers, e.g. foot levers
    • B62M1/30—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with reciprocating levers, e.g. foot levers characterised by the use of intermediate gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M11/00—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels
    • B62M11/04—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M9/00—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like
    • B62M9/04—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like of changeable ratio

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of transportation tools, in particular to a reversible human-powered variable-speed driving device and a rowing handcart.
  • the hand crank is directly connected to the wheels or propellers, and there is no separation device for driving and wheels or propellers.
  • the hand crank will also passively drive the rotation, and children cannot experience the fun of coasting.
  • the handheld position is low, especially when it is rotated to a low position, the requirements for children's sitting posture are not conducive to body growth, and bending over for a long time to drive may even cause damage to the spine.
  • the bicycle reversing technology such as application number 201720346508.6, is driven by an additional handle, which is simple in structure, inconvenient to operate, and poor in practicability.
  • Application number 201720911628.6 is a hand bicycle with a reversing device, which uses an additional special
  • the reversing wheel for reversing has complex structure, inconvenient operation, and poor practicability;
  • the bicycle flywheel double magnetic reset reversing mechanism with application number 200720080223.9 is a refined transformation of the interior of the bicycle flywheel, which is not easy to carry out under the existing related industry chain Mass production promotion
  • application number 201410728934.7 is a hands-free multifunctional improved bicycle. Its reversing is locked with the clutch and the outer ring of the flywheel.
  • the present invention provides a kind of reversible manpower variable-speed driving device and imitation rowing handcart for overcoming above-mentioned inadequacy of prior art through technology and patent navigation.
  • Frame force applying handle, main power shaft, one-way overrunning clutch, reset device, speed change gear set and clutch reversing device;
  • the length of the force application handle is greater than the movement stroke of the force application part of the human body under human drive, that is, the fan shape swept by the force application handle around the main power axis is a fan shape less than 60 degrees, and there is a fan between the force application handle and the frame.
  • a limit device that ensures that the force application handle rotates less than 60 degrees around the main power axis;
  • the one-way overrunning clutch is a one-way bearing or a ratchet with a sensitivity greater than 143 rings;
  • the reset device is installed between the frame and the force application handle, and when the force application handle completes a drive, the reset device provides the force application handle with a pulling force for reset;
  • the speed change gear set is an angular speed increasing gear set, including an input gear and a terminal gear, and the terminal gear includes a forward drive gear and a reverse drive gear;
  • the clutch reversing device includes a reversing gear set and a reversing trigger.
  • the reversing gear set includes a clutch gear, a forward transmission gear, and a reverse transmission gear, and the forward transmission gear is in transmission connection with the reverse transmission gear. ;
  • the forward drive gear is coaxially connected with the forward transmission gear
  • the reverse drive gear is coaxially connected with the reverse transmission gear
  • the main power shaft, the transmission gear set, and the clutch gear are sequentially connected by transmission;
  • the clutch gear is connected to the frame in a rotating and sliding manner, and the clutch gear is connected to the reversing trigger; the reversing trigger is used to control the transmission clutch between the clutch gear, the forward drive gear, and the reverse drive gear.
  • the frame is provided with an arc-shaped chute
  • the reversing trigger includes a reversing trigger lever and a pull wire installed on the frame
  • the clutch gear is connected with a shaft or a bearing Seat
  • the reversing touch lever links the shaft or bearing seat of the clutch gear through the pull wire
  • the shaft or bearing seat of the clutch gear is installed in the arc-shaped chute
  • a clutch is installed between the shaft or bearing seat of the clutch gear and the frame.
  • Spring the elastic direction of the clutch spring is opposite to the pull direction of the pull wire, the shaft or bearing seat of the clutch gear changes position through the arc-shaped chute, and then changes the positive and negative sides of the chain with the forward drive gear and reverse drive gear Engagement transmission.
  • a neutral trigger which is a passive clutch trigger lever installed on the outer edge of the limit port, and the passive clutch trigger lever links the shaft or bearing seat of the clutch gear through a pull wire or a connecting rod , a neutral position is set in the middle of the positive and negative driving positions at both ends of the arc-shaped chute.
  • the reset device when the reset device is an elastic reset device, the elastic reset device is installed on the limit device, and the elastic reset device applies an upward elastic force to the force application handle, and the elastic reset device includes a pull One end of the extension spring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the limit case, and the other end is fixedly connected with the force application handle; the reed is installed on the inner wall of the upper edge of the limit opening of the limit case; both the reed and the extension spring are located at the limit Inside of bit shell.
  • the speed change gear set also includes an intermediate speed change gear set, and the input gear, the intermediate speed change gear set and the terminal gear are sequentially engaged in direct gear meshing transmission or through a chain meshing transmission; the input end gear It is the driving gear fixed on the main drive shaft.
  • the reversing gear set and the intermediate transmission gear set are connected by a transmission chain, and the forward transmission gear and the reverse transmission gear are connected by a transmission chain; the transmission chain is located at Between the forward drive gear and the reverse drive gear.
  • the forward drive gear is a ratchet gear; the center of the arc-shaped chute is the axis of the terminal gear of the intermediate transmission gear set corresponding to the clutch gear.
  • the present invention also provides a hand-cart imitating rowing, comprising: a reversible manual variable-speed driving device according to the present invention, and a vehicle body; front wheels and rear wheels are arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body, and the front wheels One or two, the car body is rotatably connected with a vertical steering handle, the bottom end of the steering handle is rotatably connected with the front wheel, and the rear wheel is connected with the forward drive gear and the reverse transmission gear through a shaft. There are two rear wheels with a differential device between them.
  • a further technical solution is that there are at least two force applying handles, each of the force applying handles reciprocates independently, and the reverse direction of each of the coaxial one-way overrunning clutches is the same.
  • the invention can conveniently change the reversing drive on its own, has richer usage scenarios and is more user-friendly.
  • the reversing device has a simple structure and is easy to operate. The user does not need to change the force direction of the limbs when reversing the car, and the reciprocating pull is done through the movement of the arm, which is more accurate It imitates the movement form of paddle rowing, the driving position of the hand is high, and the sitting posture is more comfortable. You can experience the fun of inertial gliding, imitate the movement form of paddle rowing, exercise the upper limbs, and play a role in healthy exercise for the body.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure diagram of a reversible manual variable speed driving device proposed by the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another view of a reversible manual variable-speed driving device proposed by the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a reversible manual variable-speed driving device proposed by the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of a reversible manual variable speed driving device proposed by the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structural diagram of a hand-cart imitating rowing proposed by the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure diagram of the steering device proposed by the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure diagram of the limiting device proposed by the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic side view of the frame proposed by the present invention.
  • 91-passive clutch trigger lever 92-pull wire, 93-guy wire, 94-transmission chain, 95-conduction chain, 96-arc chute, 97-clutch extension spring, 98-reversing trigger lever, 99-clutch gear;
  • Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a reversible manual variable-speed driving device proposed by the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is another view of a reversible human-powered variable-speed driving device proposed by the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is Partial enlarged view of a reversible manual variable-speed driving device proposed by the present invention
  • Frame 1 force applying handle 2
  • main power shaft 3 one-way overrunning clutch 4, reset device 6, transmission gear set 8 and clutch reversing device 9;
  • One end of the force applying handle is fixed to the input end of the one-way overrunning clutch, and the output end of the one-way overrunning clutch is fixed on the main power shaft.
  • the driving force arm directly drives the input end of the one-way overrunning clutch to rotate forward and backward in both directions, thereby intermittently driving the output end of the one-way overrunning clutch to rotate in one direction;
  • the length of the force application handle is greater than the movement stroke of the force application part of the human body under human drive, that is, the fan shape swept by the force application handle around the main power axis is a fan shape less than 60 degrees, and there is a device between the force application handle and the frame to ensure that it is less than 60 degrees. 60 degree limit device;
  • the one-way overrunning clutch is a one-way bearing or a ratchet with a sensitivity greater than 143 rings;
  • the one-way overrunning clutch is coaxially fixedly connected with the main power shaft;
  • the reset device is installed between the frame and the force-applying handle. When the force-applying handle completes a drive, the reset device provides the pulling force for reset to the force-applying handle;
  • the speed change gear set 8 is an angular speed increasing gear set, including an input gear 81 and a terminal gear 83, and the terminal gear includes a forward drive gear 831 and a reverse drive gear 832;
  • the clutch reversing device includes a reversing gear set and a reversing trigger.
  • the reversing gear set includes a clutch gear 99, a forward transmission gear 991, and a reverse transmission gear 992.
  • the forward drive gear is coaxially connected with the forward transmission gear.
  • the driving gear is coaxially connected with the reverse transmission gear, and the forward transmission gear is connected with the reverse transmission gear;
  • the main power shaft, the speed change gear set, and the clutch gear are sequentially connected by transmission;
  • the clutch gear is connected with the rack in rotation and sliding, and the clutch gear is connected with the reversing trigger; the reversing trigger is used to control the transmission clutch between the clutch gear, the forward drive gear and the reverse drive gear.
  • the frame is provided with an arc-shaped chute 96, and the reversing trigger includes a reversing trigger lever 98 and a pull wire 92 installed on the frame.
  • the shaft or bearing seat of the clutch gear, the shaft or bearing seat of the clutch gear is installed in the arc chute; the clutch spring 97 is installed between the shaft or bearing seat of the clutch gear and the frame; the elastic direction of the clutch spring and the pull of the backguy The pulling direction is opposite, the shaft or the bearing seat of the clutch gear changes position through the arc chute, and then the positive and negative sides of the conversion transmission chain 94 are meshed with the positive drive gear 831 and the reverse drive gear 832.
  • the limiting device 5 includes a hollow limiting shell 51, which is covered on the one-way overrunning clutch, and the edge of the limiting shell is provided with a vertical limiting opening 52, and the force-applying handle passes through the limiting opening, and the limiting opening
  • the angle between the upper and lower edges and the center of the one-way overrunning clutch is 30-60°.
  • neutral gear trigger is the passive clutch touch lever 91 that is installed along the lower edge of the limit port, the passive clutch touch lever links the shaft or the bearing seat of the clutch gear through the backguy 93 or the connecting rod, and the positive lever at the two ends of the arc chute.
  • a neutral slot is arranged in the middle of the reverse driving position.
  • reset device 6 When reset device 6 is an elastic reset device, the elastic reset device is installed on the limit device, and the elastic reset device applies an upward elastic force to the force application handle.
  • the elastic reset device includes extension spring 62 and reed 61/torsion spring, and one end of the extension spring It is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the limit case, and the other end is fixedly connected with the force application handle; the reed/torsion spring is installed on the inner wall of the upper edge of the limit opening of the limit case; both the reed and the extension spring are located inside the limit case.
  • the input gear 81 is fixed on the main power shaft; the input gear 81 is connected with the clutch gear 99 through a transmission chain 94, and the forward transmission gear and the reverse transmission gear are connected through a transmission chain 95; the transmission chain is located in the forward drive Between the gear and the reverse drive gear; the center of the arc chute is the axis of the input end gear 81 corresponding to the clutch gear 99 .
  • the forward drive gear is a ratchet gear.
  • the present invention also provides a handcart imitating rowing, comprising: a reversible manpower variable speed driving device of the present invention, and a car body 11; the bottom of the car body is provided with a front wheel 101 and a rear wheel 102, and the front wheel is one or Two, the car body is rotatably connected with a vertical steering handle 71, the bottom end of the steering handle is rotatably connected with the front wheel, the rear wheel is connected with the forward drive gear and the reverse transmission gear through the shaft 100, the rear wheel has two and There is a differential device between them.
  • each force application handle reciprocates independently, and the reverse direction of each coaxial one-way overrunning clutch is the same.
  • the car body is equipped with a backrest seat, a seat belt, a foot control steering handle and a shock absorber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种可换向人力变速驱动装置，包括：机架（1）、施力柄（2）、主动力轴（3）、单向超越离合器（4）、复位装置（6）、变速齿轮组（8）和换向齿轮组、空挡触发器、换向触发器；施力柄（2）的一端与单向超越离合器（4）的输入端固定，单向超越离合器（4）的输出端固定在主动力轴（3）上，施力柄（2）往复的绕主动力轴（3）旋转扫过扇形面运动做功，施力柄（2）对应的驱动力臂直接驱动单向超越离合器（4）的输入端正反双向旋转，从而间歇的驱动单向超越离合器（4）的输出端单向旋转；单向超越离合器（4）的输出端与变速齿轮组（8）的输入端齿轮（81）通过主动力轴（3）固定连接；施力柄（2）与机架（1）之间设有确保小于60度的限位装置（5），还提供一种仿划船手摇车，可实现换向驱动，锻炼上肢，既锻炼身体又享受乐趣。

Description

一种可换向人力变速驱动装置及仿划船手摇车 技术领域
本发明涉及交通运输工具领域，具体涉及一种可换向人力变速驱动装置及仿划船手摇车。
 背景技术
随着生活水平的提高，童车品类不断增加，一个小孩都有好几款类型的童车。目前市场上大多数都是脚踩的，少见有手动的。有一款手动的是用手直接转动连接在后轮上的曲柄上的，用脚来在前面转向。也有一种公园常见的儿童手摇螺旋桨的船。这两种设备对于儿童锻炼上肢的使用有很大益处。
然而，由于是旋转驱动，不能让儿童体验到类似传统用桨板划船的乐趣。另外由于其结构简单，手摇的曲柄直接连接于车轮或者螺旋桨，没有驱动与车轮或螺旋桨的分离装置，不驱动时，手摇曲柄也会被动的带动旋转，儿童不能体验惯性滑行的乐趣。尤其是手持位置较低，特别是旋转到低位时，对于儿童的坐姿要求不利于身体生长，长时间弯腰驱动，甚至会对脊柱产生损伤。
另外公园里人力驱动的四轮自行车结构笨重，但是只能前驱不能倒车，在景区复杂的路况下，需要倒车的情况，人得下车推动车倒车，不方便，影响用户体验。
自行车的倒车技术如申请号201720346508.6，采用的是另外的附加手柄驱动，结构简单，操作不便，实用性较差，申请号201720911628.6为一种带倒车装置的手摇自行车，采用的是另外附加的专用于倒车的倒车轮，结构复杂，操作不便，实用性较差；申请号为200720080223.9的自行车飞轮双磁复位倒车机构，是对自行车飞轮内部的精细化改造，不便于在现有相关产业链下进行量产推广，申请号为201410728934.7的一种解放双手的多功能改进型自行车，其倒车是采用离合器与飞轮外圈锁死，思路直接，但对现有的飞轮改造要求较高，不便于推广。
 技术问题
本发明经过技术和专利导航为克服上述现有技术的不手之处，提供了一种可换向人力变速驱动装置及仿划船手摇车。
 技术解决方案
本实施例为解决技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种可换向人力变速驱动装置，包括：
机架、施力柄、主动力轴、单向超越离合器、复位装置、变速齿轮组和离合换向装置；
所述施力柄的一端与单向超越离合器的输入端固定，所述单向超越离合器的输出端固定在主动力轴上，施力柄往复的绕主动力轴旋转扫过扇形面运动做功，施力柄对应的驱动力臂直接驱动单向超越离合器的输入端正反双向旋转，从而间歇的驱动单向超越离合器的输出端单向旋转；
所述施力柄的长度大于人体施力部位在人力驱动下的运动行程，即施力柄绕主动力轴旋转扫过的扇形为小于60度的扇形，施力柄与机架之间设有确保施力柄绕主动力轴旋转小于60度的限位装置；
所述单向超越离合器为单向轴承或灵敏度大于143响的棘轮；
所述单向超越离合器与主动力轴同轴固定连接；
所述复位装置安装在机架与施力柄之间，所述施力柄完成一次驱动时，复位装置提供给施力柄用于复位的拉力；
所述变速齿轮组为角速度增速齿轮组，包括输入端齿轮和终端齿轮，所述终端齿轮包括正向驱动齿轮、反向驱动齿轮；
所述离合换向装置包括换向齿轮组、换向触发器，所述换向齿轮组包括离合齿轮、正向传导齿轮、反向传导齿轮，所述正向传导齿轮与反向传导齿轮传动连接；
所述正向驱动齿轮与正向传导齿轮同轴连接，所述反向驱动齿轮与反向传导齿轮同轴连接；
所述主动力轴、变速齿轮组、离合齿轮依次传动连接；
所述离合齿轮与机架旋转且滑动连接，所述离合齿轮与换向触发器连接；换向触发器用于控制离合齿轮与正向驱动齿轮、反向驱动齿轮之间的传动离合。
作为本发明的进一步技术方案为，所述机架上设有弧形滑槽，所述换向触发器包括安装于机架上的换向触动杠杆、拉线，所述离合齿轮连接有轴或轴承座，换向触动杠杆通过拉线连动离合齿轮的轴或轴承座，所述离合齿轮的轴或轴承座安装在弧形滑槽内；离合齿轮的轴或轴承座与机架之间安装有离合弹簧；所述离合弹簧的弹性方向与拉线的拉拽方向相反，所述离合齿轮的轴或轴承座通过弧形滑槽变换位置，进而变换链条的正反面与正向驱动齿轮、反向驱动齿轮啮合传动。
作为本发明的进一步技术方案为，所述限位装置包括中空的限位壳，限位壳罩在单向超越离合器上，限位壳的边缘开设有竖向的限位口，施力柄穿过限位口，限位口上下沿与单向超越离合器的中心夹角介于30-60°。
作为本发明的进一步技术方案为，还包括空挡触发器，所述空挡触发器为限位口外沿安装的被动离合触动杠杆，被动离合触动杠杆通过拉线或连杆连动离合齿轮的轴或轴承座，所述弧形滑槽两端的正反驱动位中间设置有空挡位。
作为本发明的进一步技术方案为，所述复位装置为弹性复位装置时，所述弹性复位装置安装于限位装置上，弹性复位装置对施力柄施加向上的弹力，所述弹性复位装置包括拉簧和簧片，拉簧的一端与限位壳的内壁固定连接，另一端与施力柄固定连接；簧片安装于限位壳的限位口上沿的内壁；簧片和拉簧均位于限位壳的内部。
作为本发明的进一步技术方案为，所述变速齿轮组还包括中间变速齿轮组，所述输入端齿轮、中间变速齿轮组和终端齿轮依次直接齿轮啮合传动或通过链条啮合传动；所述输入端齿轮为固定在主动力轴上的主动齿轮。
作为本发明的进一步技术方案为，所述换向齿轮组与中间变速齿轮组之间通过传动链条连接，所述正向传导齿轮与反向传导齿轮之间通过传导链条连接；所述传动链条位于正向驱动齿轮与反向驱动齿轮之间。
作为本发明的进一步技术方案为，所述正向驱动齿轮为棘轮齿轮；所述弧形滑槽的圆心是离合齿轮对应的中间变速齿轮组的末端齿轮的轴心。
本发明还提供一种仿划船手摇车，包括：本发明所述的一种可换向人力变速驱动装置，以及车体；所述车体的底部设置前轮和后轮，所述前轮为一个或两个，所述车体旋转连接有竖向的转向柄，所述转向柄的底端与前轮旋转连接，所述后轮与正向驱动齿轮和反向传导齿轮通过轴连接,所述后轮有两个且之间设置有差速装置。
进一步技术方案为所述施力柄至少有两个，各个所述施力柄独立往复运动，各个同轴的所述单向超越离合器逆止方向相同。
进一步技术方案为所述车体上安装有靠背座椅、安全带、脚控转向柄、减震器。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果为：
本发明可便捷的自行改变换向驱动，使用场景更丰富，对用户更友好，倒车装置结构简单，操作方便，用户倒车时不用改变肢体的施力方向，通过手臂的运动做往复拉动，更加准确的模仿了用桨划船的运动形式，手部驱动位高，坐姿更舒适，可以体会惯性滑行的乐趣，模仿用桨划船的运动形式，锻炼上肢，对身体起到健康锻炼的作用。
 附图说明
图1为本发明提出的一种可换向人力变速驱动装置结构图示意图；
图2为本发明提出的一种可换向人力变速驱动装置另一视图示意图；
图3为本发明提出的一种可换向人力变速驱动装置剖视示意图；
图4为本发明提出的一种可换向人力变速驱动装置侧视示意图
图5为本发明提出的一种仿划船手摇车结构图示意图；
图6为本发明提出的转向装置结构图示意图；
图7为本发明提出的限位装置结构图示意图；
图8为本发明提出的机架侧视示意图；
图中所示：
1-机架，2-施力柄，3-主动力轴，4-单向超越离合器，5-限位装置，6-复位装置，7-转向装置，8-变速齿轮组，9-离合换向装置，10-车轮；
11-车体；
51-限位壳，52-限位口；
61-簧片，62-拉簧；
71-转向柄；
81-输入端齿轮，83-终端齿轮；
831-正向驱动齿轮，832-反向驱动齿轮；
91-被动离合触动杠杆，92-拉线，93-拉线，94-传动链条，95-传导链条，96-弧形滑槽，97-离合拉簧，98-换向触动杠杆，99-离合齿轮；
991-正向传导齿轮，992-反向传导齿轮；
100-轴，101-前轮，102-后轮。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例描述本发明具体实施方式：
参见图1至图3，其中图1为本发明提出的一种可换向人力变速驱动装置结构图；图2为本发明提出的一种可换向人力变速驱动装置另一视图；图3为本发明提出的一种可换向人力变速驱动装置局部放大图；
包括：
机架1、施力柄2、主动力轴3、单向超越离合器4、复位装置6、变速齿轮组8和离合换向装置9；
施力柄的一端与单向超越离合器的输入端固定，单向超越离合器的输出端固定在主动力轴上，施力柄往复的绕主动力轴旋转扫过扇形面运动做功，施力柄对应的驱动力臂直接驱动单向超越离合器的输入端正反双向旋转，从而间歇的驱动单向超越离合器的输出端单向旋转；
施力柄的长度大于人体施力部位在人力驱动下的运动行程，即施力柄绕主动力轴旋转扫过的扇形为小于60度的扇形，施力柄与机架之间设有确保小于60度的限位装置；
单向超越离合器为单向轴承或灵敏度大于143响的棘轮；
单向超越离合器与主动力轴同轴固定连接；
复位装置安装在机架与施力柄之间，施力柄完成一次驱动时，复位装置提供给施力柄用于复位的拉力；
变速齿轮组8为角速度增速齿轮组，包括输入端齿轮81和终端齿轮83，所述终端齿轮包括正向驱动齿轮831、反向驱动齿轮832；
离合换向装置包括换向齿轮组、换向触发器，换向齿轮组包括离合齿轮99、正向传导齿轮991、反向传导齿轮992，正向驱动齿轮与正向传导齿轮同轴连接，反向驱动齿轮与反向传导齿轮同轴连接，正向传导齿轮与反向传导齿轮传动连接；
主动力轴、变速齿轮组、离合齿轮依次传动连接；
离合齿轮与机架旋转且滑动连接，离合齿轮与换向触发器连接；换向触发器用于控制离合齿轮与正向驱动齿轮、反向驱动齿轮之间的传动离合。
机架上设有弧形滑槽96，换向触发器包括安装于机架上的换向触动杠杆98、拉线92，离合齿轮连接有轴或轴承座，换向触动杠杆98通过拉线92连动离合齿轮的轴或轴承座，离合齿轮的轴或轴承座安装在弧形滑槽内；离合齿轮的轴或轴承座与机架之间安装有离合弹簧97；离合弹簧的弹性方向与拉线的拉拽方向相反，离合齿轮的轴或轴承座通过弧形滑槽变换位置，进而变换传动链条94的正反面与正向驱动齿轮831、反向驱动齿轮832啮合传动。
限位装置5包括中空的限位壳51，限位壳罩在单向超越离合器上，限位壳的边缘开设有竖向的限位口52，施力柄穿过限位口，限位口上下沿与单向超越离合器的中心夹角介于30-60°。
还包括空挡触发器，空挡触发器为限位口下沿安装的被动离合触动杠杆91，被动离合触动杠杆通过拉线93或连杆连动离合齿轮的轴或轴承座，弧形滑槽两端的正反驱动位中间设置有空挡槽。
复位装置6为弹性复位装置时，弹性复位装置安装于限位装置上，弹性复位装置对施力柄施加向上的弹力，弹性复位装置包括拉簧62和簧片61/扭簧，拉簧的一端与限位壳的内壁固定连接，另一端与施力柄固定连接；簧片/扭簧安装于限位壳的限位口上沿的内壁；簧片和拉簧均位于限位壳的内部。
输入端齿轮81固定在主动力轴上；输入端齿轮81与离合齿轮99之间通过传动链条94连接，正向传导齿轮与反向传导齿轮之间通过传导链条95连接；传动链条位于正向驱动齿轮与反向驱动齿轮之间；弧形滑槽的圆心是离合齿轮99对应的输入端齿轮81的轴心。
正向驱动齿轮为棘轮齿轮。
一种实施例中，变速齿轮组还包括中间变速齿轮组，输入端齿轮、中间变速齿轮组和终端齿轮依次直接齿轮啮合传动或通过链条啮合传动，弧形滑槽的圆心是离合齿轮对应的变速齿轮组的中间变速齿轮组的末端齿轮的轴心。
本发明还提供一种仿划船手摇车，包括：本发明的一种可换向人力变速驱动装置，以及车体11；车体的底部设置前轮101和后轮102，前轮为一个或两个，车体旋转连接有竖向的转向柄71，转向柄的底端与前轮旋转连接，后轮与正向驱动齿轮和反向传导齿轮通过轴100连接,后轮有两个且之间设置有差速装置。
本实施例的施力柄有两个，各个施力柄独立往复运动，各个同轴的单向超越离合器逆止方向相同。
车体上安装有靠背座椅、安全带、脚控转向柄、减震器。
上面结合附图对本发明优选实施方式作了详细说明，但是本发明不限于上述实施方式，在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下做出各种变化，这些变化涉及本领域技术人员所熟知的相关技术，这些都落入本发明专利的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种可换向人力变速驱动装置，其特征在于，包括：
    机架、施力柄、主动力轴、单向超越离合器、复位装置、变速齿轮组和离合换向装置；
    所述施力柄的一端与单向超越离合器的输入端固定，所述单向超越离合器的输出端固定在主动力轴上，施力柄往复的绕主动力轴旋转扫过扇形面运动做功，施力柄对应的驱动力臂直接驱动单向超越离合器的输入端正反双向旋转，从而间歇的驱动单向超越离合器的输出端单向旋转；
    所述施力柄的长度大于人体施力部位在人力驱动下的运动行程，即施力柄绕主动力轴旋转扫过的扇形为小于60度的扇形，施力柄与机架之间设有确保施力柄绕主动力轴旋转小于60度的限位装置；
    所述单向超越离合器为单向轴承或灵敏度大于143响的棘轮；
    所述单向超越离合器与主动力轴同轴固定连接；
    所述复位装置安装在机架与施力柄之间，所述施力柄完成一次驱动时，复位装置提供给施力柄用于复位的拉力；
    所述变速齿轮组为角速度增速齿轮组，包括输入端齿轮和终端齿轮，所述终端齿轮包括正向驱动齿轮、反向驱动齿轮；
    所述离合换向装置包括换向齿轮组、换向触发器，所述换向齿轮组包括离合齿轮、正向传导齿轮、反向传导齿轮，所述正向传导齿轮与反向传导齿轮传动连接；
    所述正向驱动齿轮与正向传导齿轮同轴连接，所述反向驱动齿轮与反向传导齿轮同轴连接；
    所述主动力轴、变速齿轮组、离合齿轮依次传动连接；
    所述离合齿轮与机架旋转且滑动连接，所述离合齿轮与换向触发器连接；换向触发器用于控制离合齿轮与正向驱动齿轮、反向驱动齿轮之间的传动离合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种可换向人力变速驱动装置，其特征在于，所述机架上设有弧形滑槽，所述换向触发器包括安装于机架上的换向触动杠杆、拉线，所述离合齿轮连接有轴或轴承座，换向触动杠杆通过拉线连动离合齿轮的轴或轴承座，所述离合齿轮的轴或轴承座安装在弧形滑槽内；离合齿轮的轴或轴承座与机架之间安装有离合弹簧；所述离合弹簧的弹性方向与拉线的拉拽方向相反，所述离合齿轮的轴或轴承座通过弧形滑槽变换位置，进而变换链条的正反面与正向驱动齿轮、反向驱动齿轮啮合传动。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种可换向人力变速驱动装置，其特征在于，所述限位装置包括中空的限位壳，限位壳罩在单向超越离合器上，限位壳的边缘开设有竖向的限位口，施力柄穿过限位口，限位口上下沿与单向超越离合器的中心夹角介于30-60°。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种可换向人力变速驱动装置，其特征在于，还包括空挡触发器，所述空挡触发器为限位口外沿安装的被动离合触动杠杆，被动离合触动杠杆通过拉线或连杆连动离合齿轮的轴或轴承座，所述弧形滑槽两端的正反驱动位中间设置有空挡位。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种可换向人力变速驱动装置，其特征在于，所述复位装置为弹性复位装置时，所述弹性复位装置安装于限位装置上，弹性复位装置对施力柄施加弹力，所述弹性复位装置包括拉簧和簧片，拉簧的一端与限位壳的内壁固定连接，另一端与施力柄固定连接；簧片安装于限位壳的限位口上沿的内壁；簧片和拉簧均位于限位壳的内部。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种可换向人力变速驱动装置，其特征在于，所述变速齿轮组还包括中间变速齿轮组，所述输入端齿轮、中间变速齿轮组和终端齿轮依次直接齿轮啮合传动或通过链条啮合传动；所述输入端齿轮为固定在主动力轴上的主动齿轮。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种可换向人力变速驱动装置，其特征在于，所述换向齿轮组与中间变速齿轮组之间通过传动链条连接，所述正向传导齿轮与反向传导齿轮之间通过传导链条连接；所述传动链条位于正向驱动齿轮与反向驱动齿轮之间。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种可换向人力变速驱动装置，其特征在于，所述正向驱动齿轮为棘轮齿轮；所述弧形滑槽的圆心是离合齿轮对应的中间变速齿轮组的末端齿轮的轴心。
  9. 一种仿划船手摇车，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求1-8所述的一种可换向人力变速驱动装置，以及车体；所述车体的底部设置前轮和后轮，所述前轮为一个或两个，所述车体旋转连接有竖向的转向柄，所述转向柄的底端与前轮旋转连接，所述后轮与正向驱动齿轮和反向传导齿轮通过轴连接,所述后轮有两个且之间设置有差速装置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种仿划船手摇车，其特征在于，所述车体上安装有靠背座椅、安全带、脚控转向柄、减震器。
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