WO2023097420A1

WO2023097420A1 - Temperature control method, temperature control apparatus and temperature control device for brake system of vehicle

Info

Publication number: WO2023097420A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/134263
Authority: WO
Inventors: 曲令虎; 马文涛; 凌铭泽
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2021-11-30
Filing date: 2021-11-30
Publication date: 2023-06-08
Also published as: CN116685507A

Abstract

Provided are a temperature control method, temperature control apparatus and cooling device for a brake system of a vehicle, and a vehicle, a computer device, and a computer-readable storage medium. The temperature control method comprises: acquiring the temperature of a brake disk, and a driving condition of a vehicle within a historical period of time (S110); determining, according to the driving conditions of the vehicle within the historical period of time, a braking intensity and a braking frequency required within a future period of time (S120), wherein the future period of time and the historical period of time are temporally consecutive; and when it is determined, according to the temperature of the brake disk and the braking intensity and the braking frequency required by the vehicle within the future period of time, that the brake system has the risk of braking heat fading, controlling a cooling apparatus to cool a friction pair of the brake system (S130). By means of the temperature control method for a brake system, whether there is the risk of braking heat fading occurring can be pre-determined before the actual temperature of the brake system reaches a heat fading point, and a cooling measure can be taken in advance, such that braking heat fading is avoided, and the normal efficiency of the brake system is thus guaranteed.

Description

一种车辆的制动***的温控方法、温控装置及温控设备A temperature control method, temperature control device and temperature control equipment of a braking system of a vehicle

技术领域technical field

本申请涉及制动控制技术领域，特别涉及一种车辆的制动***的温控方法、温控装置及温控设备。The present application relates to the technical field of brake control, in particular to a temperature control method, a temperature control device and a temperature control equipment of a vehicle brake system.

背景技术Background technique

制动***的摩擦副一般由摩擦片和制动盘组成，通过对称的摩擦片夹紧随着车轮转动的制动盘从而产生摩擦力来使车辆减速停车，在这个过程中会产生大量的摩擦热导致制动器温度升高。由于摩擦片材料配方的特殊性，当温度升高至热衰退点后，摩擦片里的有机化合物受热分解，产生气体和液体，对摩擦片起着润滑作用，进而导致摩擦系数变小。不同材料组成的摩擦片热衰退点不同。一般的，普通摩擦片在300度左右会出现热衰退现象，而高性能的摩擦片会采用渗入碳的高致密性陶瓷材料，其热衰退温度点可以达到700度左右，但是，这种通过提高材料热衰退性能的方法成本很高，普通汽车难以大批量采用。The friction pair of the braking system is generally composed of friction plates and brake discs. The symmetrical friction plates clamp the brake discs that rotate with the wheels to generate friction to slow down and stop the vehicle. In this process, a large amount of friction will be generated. The heat causes the brake temperature to increase. Due to the special formula of the friction plate material, when the temperature rises to the thermal recession point, the organic compounds in the friction plate are decomposed by heat, producing gas and liquid, which lubricate the friction plate, resulting in a decrease in the coefficient of friction. Friction plates made of different materials have different thermal decay points. Generally, ordinary friction discs will experience thermal decay at about 300 degrees, while high-performance friction discs will use high-density ceramic materials infiltrated with carbon, and their thermal decay temperature can reach about 700 degrees. The method of material thermal degradation performance is very expensive, and it is difficult for ordinary cars to adopt it in large quantities.

在现有技术中，除了提高材料热衰退性能的方法之外，还可以通过对制动***的结构的改造来提高制动***的散热速度，例如采用打孔通风式的制动盘来获得更好的通风散热能力，但是这种设计还必须配合在车身的前保险杠处设计空气导流孔。在这种方案中，打孔通风式的制动盘的成本大约是普通制动盘成本的2-3倍，另外，国内对车身空气动力学的研究浅，在车身的前保险杠处设计空气导流孔的试验成本较高，落地难度很大。In the prior art, in addition to the method of improving the thermal decay performance of the material, the heat dissipation rate of the brake system can also be improved by modifying the structure of the brake system, such as using perforated and ventilated brake discs to obtain more Good ventilation and heat dissipation capabilities, but this design must also be matched with the design of air guide holes at the front bumper of the body. In this scheme, the cost of perforated and ventilated brake discs is about 2-3 times the cost of ordinary brake discs. In addition, the domestic research on the aerodynamics of the car body is shallow, and the design of air at the front bumper of the car body The test cost of the diversion hole is relatively high, and it is very difficult to implement it.

发明内容Contents of the invention

鉴于现有技术的以上问题，本申请提供一种车辆的制动***的温控方法、温控装置及温控设备，可以在实际温度达到热衰退点之前预判制动热衰退发生风险，能够提前采取降温措施，避免发生制动热衰退。In view of the above problems in the prior art, this application provides a temperature control method, temperature control device and temperature control equipment for the braking system of a vehicle, which can predict the risk of brake thermal degradation before the actual temperature reaches the thermal degradation point, and can Take cooling measures in advance to avoid brake heat recession.

为了达到上述目的，本申请第一方面提供了一种车辆的制动***的温控方法，该方法包括：获取制动盘的温度和历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况；根据历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况得到未来时间段内所需的制动强度和制动频率；其中，未来时间段与历史时间段在时间上连续；根据制动盘的温度、未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度和制动频率得到制动***存在制动热衰退风险时，控制降温装置对制动***的摩擦副降温。In order to achieve the above purpose, the first aspect of the present application provides a method for temperature control of the brake system of the vehicle, the method includes: obtaining the temperature of the brake disc and the driving conditions of the vehicle in the historical time period; The driving condition of the vehicle obtains the required braking strength and braking frequency in the future time period; among them, the future time period and the historical time period are continuous in time; according to the temperature of the brake disc, the required braking frequency of the vehicle in the future time period When the brake intensity and braking frequency are obtained, when there is a risk of brake heat recession in the brake system, the cooling device is controlled to cool down the friction pair of the brake system.

本申请第一方面提供的制动***的降温方法，通过考虑行驶工况、制动盘的温度、车辆所需的制动强度以及所需的制动频率，在实际温度达到热衰退点之前预判出制动***存在发生制动热衰退的风险，便于提前对该制动***采取降温措施，以避免发生制动热衰退现象，从而保证了制动***正常运作。The cooling method of the brake system provided in the first aspect of the application, by considering the driving conditions, the temperature of the brake disc, the braking strength required by the vehicle and the required braking frequency, predicts the temperature before the actual temperature reaches the thermal decay point. It is judged that there is a risk of brake heat decay in the brake system, and it is convenient to take measures to cool down the brake system in advance to avoid the phenomenon of brake heat decay, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the brake system.

作为第一方面的一种可能的实现方式，制动盘的温度根据车轮旋转的角速度和摩擦片和制动盘之间的压力确定。As a possible implementation of the first aspect, the temperature of the brake disc is determined according to the rotational angular velocity of the wheel and the pressure between the friction lining and the brake disc.

作为第一方面的一种可能的实现方式，历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况的获取过程包括：通过对历史时间段内的行驶数据进行聚类运算，获得历史时间段内的行驶工况。As a possible implementation of the first aspect, the process of acquiring the driving conditions of the vehicle in the historical time period includes: obtaining the driving conditions in the historical time period by performing a clustering operation on the driving data in the historical time period.

由上，可以采用K-means聚类算法对历史时间段内的行驶数据进行聚类运算。行驶工况与行驶数据关联性较大，因此基于历史行驶数据可以较为准确的预测出所处的行驶工况。From the above, the K-means clustering algorithm can be used to cluster the driving data in the historical time period. Driving conditions are highly correlated with driving data, so the driving conditions can be predicted more accurately based on historical driving data.

作为第一方面的一种可能的实现方式，行驶工况包括：城市工况、山路上行、山路下行、郊野工况或高速工况。As a possible implementation of the first aspect, the driving conditions include: urban working conditions, mountain road uphill, mountain road downhill, suburban working conditions, or high-speed working conditions.

由上，将行驶工况分为上述多个类型，可以更为细致的刻画行驶工况的多样性，满足实际应用。From the above, the driving conditions are divided into the above-mentioned multiple types, which can describe the diversity of driving conditions in more detail and meet the practical application.

作为第一方面的一种可能的实现方式，根据历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况确定未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度和制动频率，包括：将行驶工况下预设的制动强度和制动频率作为未来时间段内所需的制动强度和制动频率。As a possible implementation of the first aspect, the braking intensity and braking frequency required by the vehicle in the future time period are determined according to the driving conditions of the vehicle in the historical time period, including: The braking strength and braking frequency are used as the required braking strength and braking frequency in the future time period.

作为第一方面的一种可能的实现方式，根据制动盘的温度、未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度和制动频率得到制动***存在制动热衰退风险，包括：基于模糊控制理论分别获得第一权重因子、第二权重因子和第三权重因子；其中，第一权重因子用于表示未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度的权重，第二权重因子用于表示未来时间段内车辆所需的制动频率的权重，第三权重因子用于表示制动盘的温度的权重；根据第一权重因子、未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度、第二权重因子、未来时间段内车辆所需的制动频率、第三权重因子以及制动盘的温度进行计算，获得制动热衰退风险系数；基于制动热衰退风险系数确定制动***存在制动热衰退风险。As a possible implementation of the first aspect, according to the temperature of the brake disc, the braking strength and braking frequency required by the vehicle in the future time period, it is obtained that there is a risk of braking heat degradation in the braking system, including: based on fuzzy control Theoretically obtain the first weight factor, the second weight factor and the third weight factor; wherein, the first weight factor is used to represent the weight of the braking strength required by the vehicle in the future time period, and the second weight factor is used to represent the future time The weight of the braking frequency required by the vehicle in the segment, and the third weight factor is used to represent the weight of the temperature of the brake disc; according to the first weight factor, the braking strength required by the vehicle in the future time period, the second weight factor, Calculate the braking frequency required by the vehicle, the third weighting factor and the temperature of the brake disc in the future time period to obtain the risk coefficient of brake heat recession; determine the risk of brake heat recession in the braking system based on the risk coefficient of brake heat recession .

由上，通过模糊控制理论计算出各因子(制动盘的温度、历史时间段内所需的制动强度、历史时间段内所需的制动频率)的权重，并对各因子进行计算，以获得用于描述制动热衰退风险的系数，以此来判断制动***是否存在制动热衰退风险，该方案能够及时且准确的在制动热衰退发生前进行制动热衰退预判，以便于及时采取降温措施，能够有效防止制动热衰退现象发生。From the above, the weight of each factor (brake disc temperature, required braking strength in the historical time period, required braking frequency in the historical time period) is calculated by fuzzy control theory, and each factor is calculated, Obtain the coefficient used to describe the risk of brake heat recession, so as to judge whether the brake system has the risk of brake heat recession. This scheme can timely and accurately predict the brake heat recession before the brake heat recession occurs. In order to take cooling measures in time, it can effectively prevent the occurrence of brake heat recession.

作为第一方面的一种可能的实现方式，基于制动热衰退风险系数确定制动***存在制动热衰退风险，包括：当制动热衰退风险系数达到阈值时，判定制动***存在制动热衰退风险。As a possible implementation of the first aspect, determining that the brake system has a risk of brake thermal degradation based on the risk coefficient of thermal degradation of the brake system includes: when the risk coefficient of thermal degradation of the brake system reaches a threshold, determining Risk of thermal recession.

由上，通过设置阈值的方法来判断制动***是否存在制动热衰退风险，可行性高。From the above, it is highly feasible to judge whether the brake system has the risk of brake heat degradation by setting a threshold.

作为第一方面的一种可能的实现方式，控制降温装置对制动***的摩擦副降温，包括：摩擦副包括的制动盘与摩擦片为非接触状态时，控制降温装置对摩擦副位置吹风。As a possible implementation of the first aspect, controlling the cooling device to cool down the friction pair of the braking system includes: when the brake disc and the friction lining included in the friction pair are in a non-contact state, controlling the cooling device to blow air to the position of the friction pair .

由上，当制动***空闲(即制动***为非夹紧状态)时利用降温装置对摩擦副位置主动吹风，此时降温速率可以比夹紧状态的降温速率提升5倍多。从而实现快速对摩擦副降温。From the above, when the braking system is idle (that is, the braking system is in an unclamped state), the cooling device is used to actively blow air on the position of the friction pair. At this time, the cooling rate can be increased by more than 5 times than that in the clamped state. So as to achieve rapid cooling of the friction pair.

作为第一方面的一种可能的实现方式，还包括：采用电机回馈制动或电机回馈制动与液压制动相结合的方式进行制动操作。As a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, it also includes: performing a braking operation by using motor regenerative braking or a combination of motor regenerative braking and hydraulic braking.

作为第一方面的一种可能的实现方式，还包括：通过车辆中的用电设备对车辆中的蓄电池主动放电，其中，蓄电池用于存储回馈制动的电量。其中，车辆中耗电设备可以包括压缩机、电加热器、风扇以及循环水泵等。As a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the method further includes: actively discharging the storage battery in the vehicle through the electrical equipment in the vehicle, where the storage battery is used to store electric power for regenerative braking. Among them, the power consumption equipment in the vehicle may include compressors, electric heaters, fans, and circulating water pumps.

由上，通过电机回馈制动的方式，减少了摩擦热的产生，可以间接的控制制动***温度。From the above, the generation of frictional heat is reduced through the way of motor feedback braking, which can indirectly control the temperature of the braking system.

本申请第二方面提供一种车辆的制动***的温控装置，包括：获取模块、确定模块和控制模块。获取模块，用于获取制动盘的温度和历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况；确定模块，用于根据历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况得到未来时间段内所需的制动强度和制动频率；其中，未来时间段与历史时间段在时间上连续；控制模块，用于根据制动盘的温度、未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度和制动频率判断制动***存在制动热衰退风险时，控制降温装置对制动***的摩擦副降温。A second aspect of the present application provides a temperature control device for a braking system of a vehicle, including: an acquisition module, a determination module and a control module. The acquisition module is used to obtain the temperature of the brake disc and the driving conditions of the vehicle in the historical time period; the determination module is used to obtain the required braking strength and braking force in the future time period according to the driving conditions of the vehicle in the historical time period. Among them, the future time period and the historical time period are continuous in time; the control module is used to judge whether there is a braking system in the braking system according to the temperature of the brake disc, the braking strength and braking frequency required by the vehicle in the future time period When there is a risk of dynamic and thermal decline, the cooling device is controlled to cool down the friction pair of the braking system.

作为第二方面的一种可能的实现方式，获取模块中的制动盘的温度根据车轮旋转的角速度和摩擦片和制动盘之间的压力确定。As a possible implementation of the second aspect, the temperature of the brake disc in the acquisition module is determined according to the rotational angular velocity of the wheel and the pressure between the friction lining and the brake disc.

作为第二方面的一种可能的实现方式，获取模块中的历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况的获取过程具体用于：通过对历史时间段内的行驶数据进行聚类运算，获得历史时间段内的行驶数据对应的行驶工况。As a possible implementation of the second aspect, the acquisition process of the vehicle's driving conditions in the historical time period in the acquisition module is specifically used to: obtain the historical time period by clustering the driving data in the historical time period The driving conditions corresponding to the driving data in the

作为第二方面的一种可能的实现方式，行驶工况包括：城市工况、山路上行、山路下行、郊野工况或高速工况。As a possible implementation of the second aspect, the driving conditions include: urban working conditions, mountain road uphill, mountain road downhill, suburban working conditions, or high-speed working conditions.

作为第二方面的一种可能的实现方式，确定模块，具体用于：将行驶工况下预设的制动强度和制动频率作为未来时间段内所需的制动强度和制动频率。As a possible implementation of the second aspect, the determining module is specifically configured to: use the preset braking intensity and braking frequency under driving conditions as the required braking intensity and braking frequency in a future time period.

作为第二方面的一种可能的实现方式，控制模块，具体用于：基于模糊控制理论分别获得第一权重因子、第二权重因子和第三权重因子；其中，第一权重因子用于表示未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度的权重，第二权重因子用于表示未来时间段内车辆所需的制动频率的权重，第三权重因子用于表示制动盘的温度的权重；根据第一权重因子、未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度、第二权重因子、未来时间段内车辆所需的制动频率、第三权重因子以及制动盘的温度进行计算，获得制动热衰退风险系数；基于制动热衰退风险系数确定制动***存在制动热衰退风险。As a possible implementation of the second aspect, the control module is specifically used to: obtain the first weight factor, the second weight factor, and the third weight factor based on fuzzy control theory; wherein, the first weight factor is used to represent the future The weight of the braking intensity required by the vehicle in the time period, the second weight factor is used to represent the weight of the braking frequency required by the vehicle in the future time period, and the third weight factor is used to represent the weight of the temperature of the brake disc; according to The first weight factor, the braking strength required by the vehicle in the future time period, the second weight factor, the braking frequency required by the vehicle in the future time period, the third weight factor and the temperature of the brake disc are calculated to obtain the braking Thermal recession risk factor; based on the brake thermal degradation risk factor, it is determined that the braking system has a brake thermal degradation risk.

作为第二方面的一种可能的实现方式，基于制动热衰退风险系数确定制动***存在制动热衰退风险，包括：当制动热衰退风险系数达到阈值时，判定制动***存在制动热衰退风险。As a possible implementation of the second aspect, determining that the brake system has a risk of brake thermal degradation based on the risk coefficient of thermal degradation of the brake system includes: when the risk coefficient of thermal degradation of the brake system reaches a threshold, determining Risk of thermal recession.

作为第二方面的一种可能的实现方式，控制模块，还用于：摩擦副包括的制动盘与摩擦片为非接触状态时，控制降温装置对摩擦副位置吹风。As a possible implementation of the second aspect, the control module is further used to control the cooling device to blow air to the position of the friction pair when the brake disc included in the friction pair is in a non-contact state with the friction lining.

作为第二方面的一种可能的实现方式，控制模块，还用于：采用电机回馈制动或电机回馈制动与液压制动相结合的方式进行制动操作。As a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the control module is further configured to perform braking operation by using motor regenerative braking or a combination of motor regenerative braking and hydraulic braking.

作为第二方面的一种可能的实现方式，还用于：通过车辆中的用电设备对车辆中的蓄电池主动放电，其中，蓄电池用于存储回馈制动的电量。As a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, it is also used for actively discharging the storage battery in the vehicle through the electrical equipment in the vehicle, where the storage battery is used to store the electric power of regenerative braking.

本申请第三方面提供一种降温设备，包括：气泵、气体输送管以及喷嘴。气泵，用于存置供摩擦副降温的气体并对气体加压；气体输送管，一端与气泵连接，用于将加压后的气体导出；喷嘴，与气体输送管的另一端连接，用于利用气体输送管导出的加压后的气体对摩擦副降温。The third aspect of the present application provides a cooling device, including: an air pump, an air delivery pipe, and a nozzle. The air pump is used to store the gas for cooling the friction pair and to pressurize the gas; the gas delivery pipe is connected to the air pump at one end to export the pressurized gas; the nozzle is connected to the other end of the gas delivery pipe to use The pressurized gas exported from the gas delivery pipe cools down the friction pair.

作为第三方面的一种可能的实现方式，喷嘴设置于制动卡钳。As a possible implementation of the third aspect, the nozzle is arranged on the brake caliper.

作为第三方面的一种可能的实现方式，气泵设置于车身。As a possible implementation of the third aspect, the air pump is arranged on the vehicle body.

本申请第四方面提供一种车辆，在车辆行驶时，执行上述第一方面任一项的车辆的制动***的温控方法。A fourth aspect of the present application provides a vehicle. When the vehicle is running, the method for temperature control of the braking system of the vehicle according to any one of the above-mentioned first aspects is implemented.

本申请第五方面提供一种计算设备，包括：处理器，以及接口电路；其中，通过接口电路访问处理器，处理器被配置为调用存储在存储器中的程序指令，程序指令当被执行时使得处理器执行上述第一方面任一项的车辆的制动***的温控方法。The fifth aspect of the present application provides a computing device, including: a processor, and an interface circuit; wherein, the processor is accessed through the interface circuit, and the processor is configured to call the program instructions stored in the memory, and the program instructions when executed make The processor executes the temperature control method of the brake system of the vehicle according to any one of the above first aspects.

本申请第六方面提供一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有程序指令，其特征在于，程序指令当被计算机执行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面任一项的车辆的制动***的温控方法。The sixth aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which program instructions are stored, which is characterized in that, when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer executes the braking system of the vehicle according to any one of the above-mentioned first aspects. temperature control method.

本申请的这些和其它方面在以下(多个)实施例的描述中会更加简明易懂。These and other aspects of the present application will be made more apparent in the following description of the embodiment(s).

附图说明Description of drawings

以下参照附图来进一步说明本申请的各个特征和各个特征之间的联系。附图均为示例性的，一些特征并不以实际比例示出，并且一些附图中可能省略了本申请所涉及领域的惯常的且对于本申请非必要的特征，或是额外示出了对于本申请非必要的特征，附图所示的各个特征的组合并不用以限制本申请。另外，在本说明书全文中，相同的附图标记所指代的内容也是相同的。具体的附图说明如下：The various features of the present application and the connections between the various features are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are exemplary, some features are not shown to scale, and in some drawings, features customary in the field to which the application pertains and are not necessary for the application may be omitted, or additionally shown for the The application is not an essential feature, and the combination of the various features shown in the drawings is not intended to limit the application. In addition, in the whole specification, the content indicated by the same reference numeral is also the same. The specific accompanying drawings are explained as follows:

图1a为本申请实施例提供的应用场景中车辆的结构示意图；Figure 1a is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle in an application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application;

图1b为本申请实施例提供的制动***的局部放大图；Figure 1b is a partial enlarged view of the braking system provided by the embodiment of the present application;

图1c为本申请实施例提供的制动***的正视图；Fig. 1c is a front view of the braking system provided by the embodiment of the present application;

图1d为本申请实施例提供的车辆中制动***的架构图；Fig. 1d is a structural diagram of a braking system in a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application;

图2为本申请实施例提供的一种车辆的制动***的温控方法的流程图；FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for temperature control of a braking system of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

图3为本申请实施例提供的测算出的制动盘的温度曲线与制动盘的实际温度曲线的对比图；Fig. 3 is the comparison chart of the temperature curve of the calculated brake disc provided by the embodiment of the present application and the actual temperature curve of the brake disc;

图4为本申请实施例提供的行驶工况识别示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of driving condition recognition provided by the embodiment of the present application;

图5为本申请实施例提供的制动强度和制动频率识别示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of identification of braking intensity and braking frequency provided by the embodiment of the present application;

图6为本申请实施例提供的主动吹风控制方案的示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an active blowing control scheme provided by an embodiment of the present application;

图7为本申请实施例提供的通过主动放电的方式来降低蓄电池SOC的方案；FIG. 7 is a scheme for reducing battery SOC through active discharge provided by the embodiment of the present application;

图8为本申请实施例提供的基于提供的制动***的降温方法的效果图；Fig. 8 is an effect diagram of the cooling method based on the braking system provided by the embodiment of the present application;

图9为本申请实施例提供的一种降温设备的结构示意图；FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

图10为本申请实施例提供的一种车辆的制动***的温控方法的结构化示意图；FIG. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of a temperature control method for a braking system of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

图11为本申请实施例提供的一种计算设备的结构示意图；FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a computing device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

图12为本申请实施例提供的另外一种计算设备的结构示意图。FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another computing device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

说明书和权利要求书中的词语“第一、第二、第三等”或模块A、模块B、模块C等类似用语，仅用于区别类似的对象，不代表针对对象的特定排序，可以理解地，在允许的情况下可以互换特定的顺序或先后次序，以使这里描述的本申请实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的以外的顺序实施。The words "first, second, third, etc." or similar terms such as module A, module B, and module C in the description and claims are only used to distinguish similar objects, and do not represent a specific ordering of objects. It can be understood that Obviously, where permitted, the specific order or sequence can be interchanged such that the embodiments of the application described herein can be practiced in other sequences than those illustrated or described herein.

在以下的描述中，所涉及的表示步骤的标号，如S110、S120……等，并不表示一定会按此步骤执行，在允许的情况下可以互换前后步骤的顺序，或同时执行。In the following description, the involved reference numerals representing steps, such as S110, S120, etc., do not mean that this step must be executed, and the order of the previous and subsequent steps can be interchanged or executed simultaneously if allowed.

说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语“包括”不应解释为限制于其后列出的内容；它不排除其它的元件或步骤。因此，其应当诠释为指定所提到的所述特征、整体、步骤或部件的存在，但并不排除存在或添加一个或更多其它特征、整体、步骤或部件及其组群。因此，表述“包括装置A和B的设备”不应局限为仅由部件A和B组成的设备。The term "comprising" used in the description and claims should not be interpreted as being restricted to what is listed thereafter; it does not exclude other elements or steps. Therefore, it should be interpreted as specifying the presence of said features, integers, steps or components, but not excluding the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps or components and groups thereof. Therefore, the expression "apparatus comprising means A and B" should not be limited to an apparatus consisting of parts A and B only.

本说明书中提到的“一个实施例”或“实施例”意味着与该实施例结合描述的特定特征、结构或特性包括在本申请的至少一个实施例中。因此，在本说明书各处出现的用语“在一个实施例中”或“在实施例中”并不一定都指同一实施例，但可以指同一实施例。此外，在一个或多个实施例中，能够以任何适当的方式组合各特定特征、结构或特性，如从本公开对本领域的普通技术人员显而易见的那样。Reference in this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places in this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, but may. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure, in one or more embodiments.

除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。如有不一致，以本说明书中所说明的含义或者根据本说明书中记载的内容得出的含义为准。另外，本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述本申请实施例的目的，不是旨在限制本申请。Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs. In case of any inconsistency, the meaning stated in this manual or the meaning derived from the content recorded in this manual shall prevail. In addition, the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments of the application, and are not intended to limit the application.

对本申请具体实施方式进行进一步详细说明之前，首先对本申请实施例中涉及的名词和术语，以及其在本申请中相应的用途\作用\功能等进行说明，本申请实施例中涉及的名词和术语适用于如下的解释：Before further detailing the specific implementation of the application, first, the nouns and terms involved in the embodiments of the application, as well as their corresponding uses, functions, functions, etc. in this application, are explained. The terms and terms involved in the embodiments of the application The following explanation applies:

制动热衰退：制动热衰退是车辆驾驶中经常出现的一种出现，是指车辆经过多次制动后制动***温度显著升高，一旦超过了限制的最高温度，就会出现制动效能下降、制动力不足的问题以致刹车距离变长。Brake heat fade: Brake heat fade is a phenomenon that often occurs in vehicle driving. It means that the temperature of the brake system increases significantly after the vehicle has been braked for many times. Once the maximum temperature exceeds the limit, the brake will appear. Decreased performance and insufficient braking force result in longer braking distances.

下面结合附图对本申请的实施例进行详细说明，首先，介绍本申请实施例提供的一种车辆的制动***的温控方法所应用的场景。Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Firstly, the application scenarios of a temperature control method for a braking system of a vehicle provided by the embodiments of the present application will be introduced.

本申请实施例提供的一种车辆的制动***的温控方法可以应用于任意类型的制动***中，例如：盘式制动器等等。另外，本申请实施例提供的车辆的制动***的温控方法可以应用于车辆领域中，应理解，本实施例中的车辆包括一般的机动车辆，例如包括轿车、运动型多用途汽车(sport utility vehicle，SUV)、多用途汽车(Multi-purpose vehicle，MPV)、公交车、卡车和其它载货或者载客车辆在内的陆地运输装置，也包括各种船、艇在内的水运工具，以及航空器等。对于机动车辆，还包括混合动力车辆、电动车辆、燃油车辆、插电式混合动力车辆、燃料电池汽车以及其它代用燃料车辆。其中，混合动力车辆指的是具有两种或者多种动力源的车辆，电动车辆包括纯电动汽车、增程式电动汽车等，本申请对此不做具体限定。The method for temperature control of a brake system of a vehicle provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to any type of brake system, for example, disc brakes and the like. In addition, the temperature control method for the brake system of the vehicle provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied in the field of vehicles. It should be understood that the vehicle in this embodiment includes general motor vehicles, such as cars, sports utility vehicles (sport utility vehicle (SUV), multi-purpose vehicle (Multi-purpose vehicle, MPV), bus, truck and other land transportation devices including cargo or passenger vehicles, and water vehicles including various ships and boats, and aircraft etc. For motor vehicles, it also includes hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, gasoline vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles and other alternative fuel vehicles. Wherein, a hybrid vehicle refers to a vehicle having two or more power sources, and an electric vehicle includes a pure electric vehicle, an extended-range electric vehicle, etc., which is not specifically limited in this application.

下面以本实施例提供的车辆的制动***的温控方法应用于车辆的制动***中为例，来说明其具体的实现方式。具体的：如图1a所示，车辆100中设有制动***110。如图1b所示为制动***110的局部放大图，如图1c所示为制动***110的正视图。该制动***110包括制动盘120、摩擦片130以及制动卡钳140。其中，摩擦片130固定于制动卡钳140上，当车辆100执行制动操作时，通过摩擦片130夹紧制动盘120来产生摩擦，以实现制动。如图1d所示为本实施例提供的车辆100制动***的架构图，具体为：当驾驶员操作制动踏板或者开始巡航控制等自动驾驶功能中的制动请求时，制动控制单元根据接收到的制动请求进行计算仲裁并发出控制指令。制动***110(本实施例以液压制动器为例)作为执行器，使摩擦片130受到加压液体的推动向制动盘120靠近直至夹紧制动盘120来实现车辆100的制动，同时驱动电机也可以作为执行器通过产生逆向的电磁转矩实现电机回馈制动，在拖曳力矩传递到车轮时可以实现车辆100的减速。在本实施例中，当检测到车辆100执行制动操作时或检测到车辆100执行制动操作后，可以利用本实施例提供的车辆的制动***的温控方法来保证制动***的制动能力。具体为：首先获取制动盘120的实时温度以及车辆100的行驶工况，基于车辆100的行驶工况预估出未来一段时间内该车辆100所需要的制动强度和制动频率，然后利用制动盘120的实时温度以及预估出的该车辆100未来一段时间所需要的制动强度和制动频率来预判该车辆100的制动***110是否会存在发生热衰退的风险，当预判存在发生热衰退的风险时，应及时控制降温装置对该制动***110的摩擦副(即制动盘120和摩擦片130)进行降温处理，从而有效避免该制动***110发生制动热衰退现象，进而保证制动***110的制动性能。Taking the method for controlling the temperature of the braking system of the vehicle provided in this embodiment as an example, the specific implementation thereof will be described below. Specifically: as shown in FIG. 1 a , a braking system 110 is provided in a vehicle 100 . FIG. 1 b is a partially enlarged view of the braking system 110 , and FIG. 1 c is a front view of the braking system 110 . The brake system 110 includes a brake disc 120 , a friction plate 130 and a brake caliper 140 . Wherein, the friction plate 130 is fixed on the brake caliper 140 , and when the vehicle 100 performs a braking operation, the friction plate 130 clamps the brake disc 120 to generate friction to achieve braking. As shown in Figure 1d, it is a structural diagram of the braking system of the vehicle 100 provided by this embodiment, specifically: when the driver operates the brake pedal or starts a braking request in an automatic driving function such as cruise control, the braking control unit according to The received braking request is calculated and arbitrated and a control command is issued. The brake system 110 (the hydraulic brake is used as an example in this embodiment) acts as an actuator to make the friction plate 130 approach the brake disc 120 under the pressure of the pressurized fluid until the brake disc 120 is clamped to achieve braking of the vehicle 100, and at the same time The drive motor can also be used as an actuator to realize motor feedback braking by generating reverse electromagnetic torque, and the vehicle 100 can be decelerated when the drag torque is transmitted to the wheels. In this embodiment, when it is detected that the vehicle 100 is performing a braking operation or after it is detected that the vehicle 100 is performing a braking operation, the method for controlling the temperature of the braking system of the vehicle provided in this embodiment can be used to ensure the braking of the braking system. power. Specifically: first obtain the real-time temperature of the brake disc 120 and the driving conditions of the vehicle 100, estimate the braking intensity and braking frequency required by the vehicle 100 in the future based on the driving conditions of the vehicle 100, and then use the The real-time temperature of the brake disc 120 and the estimated braking intensity and braking frequency required by the vehicle 100 for a period of time in the future are used to predict whether the braking system 110 of the vehicle 100 will have the risk of thermal decay. When it is judged that there is a risk of thermal recession, the cooling device should be controlled in time to cool down the friction pairs of the braking system 110 (that is, the brake disc 120 and the friction lining 130), so as to effectively avoid the occurrence of braking heat in the braking system 110. Fading phenomenon, and then ensure the braking performance of the braking system 110 .

示例性的，本实施例提供的车辆的制动***的温控方法可以部署于车辆100的制动控制单元中，该制动控制单元可以为电子设备，例如可以为车机、域控制器、移动数据中心(Mobile Data Center,MDC)或车载电脑等车载处理装置的处理器，也可以为中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)、微处理器(micro control unit，MCU)等常规的芯片。本实施例提供的降温装置可以部署与车辆100的制动***110中靠近摩擦副的位置。应理解，上述部署位置仅是一种示例性说明，并不作为对其部署位置的限制，在另外一些实施例中，该制动***的降温方法还可以部署与云端，通过网络等方式传递至车辆100本地。Exemplarily, the method for controlling the temperature of the braking system of the vehicle provided in this embodiment can be deployed in the braking control unit of the vehicle 100. The braking control unit can be an electronic device, such as a vehicle machine, a domain controller, a The processor of a mobile data center (Mobile Data Center, MDC) or a vehicle processing device such as a vehicle computer may also be a conventional chip such as a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor (micro control unit, MCU). The cooling device provided in this embodiment can be deployed in the braking system 110 of the vehicle 100 close to the friction pair. It should be understood that the above-mentioned deployment location is only an exemplary description, and is not intended as a limitation on its deployment location. In some other embodiments, the cooling method of the braking system can also be deployed on the cloud and transmitted to Vehicle 100 local.

下面参见各图，对本申请实施例提供的一种车辆的制动***的温控方法进行详细说明。Referring to the figures below, a method for controlling the temperature of a braking system of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application will be described in detail.

如图2所示，为本申请实施例提供的车辆的制动***的温控方法的流程图。该方法的实现过程主要包括步骤S110-S130，下面对各个步骤依次进行介绍：As shown in FIG. 2 , it is a flowchart of a method for temperature control of a braking system of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application. The implementation process of the method mainly includes steps S110-S130, each step will be introduced in sequence below:

S110：获取制动盘的温度和历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况。S110: Obtain the temperature of the brake disc and the driving condition of the vehicle in a historical time period.

下面首先介绍该步骤中制动盘温度的获取过程。The process of acquiring the temperature of the brake disc in this step will firstly be described below.

作为一种可选的实现方式，可以利用温度传感器获取制动盘的温度。As an optional implementation manner, a temperature sensor may be used to obtain the temperature of the brake disc.

作为另外一种可选的实现方式，还可以根据车轮旋转的角速度和摩擦片和制动盘之间的压力确定制动盘的温度。在该种实现方式中，具体的：首先需要确定出摩擦片与制动盘摩擦的摩擦产热功率，然后基于摩擦产热功率确定出制动盘的升温热效率，其次确定出制动盘的散热效率，最后基于制动盘的升温热效率、制动盘的散热效率、制动盘的比热容、制动盘的质量等信息确定出制动盘的温度。As another optional implementation manner, the temperature of the brake disc may also be determined according to the angular velocity of the wheel rotation and the pressure between the friction lining and the brake disc. In this implementation, specifically: firstly, it is necessary to determine the frictional heat generation power of friction between the friction lining and the brake disc, then determine the thermal efficiency of the brake disc based on the frictional heat generation power, and then determine the heat dissipation of the brake disc Finally, the temperature of the brake disc is determined based on information such as the heating thermal efficiency of the brake disc, the heat dissipation efficiency of the brake disc, the specific heat capacity of the brake disc, and the quality of the brake disc.

首先，可以按下式确定出摩擦片与制动盘摩擦的摩擦产热功率P _H： First, the friction heat generation power P _H between the friction plate and the brake disc can be determined according to the following formula:

在上式中，R为摩擦片和制动盘相结合部分的等效半径，ω为车轮旋转的角速度，

为摩擦片对应的圆心角，R ₀为摩擦片和制动盘相结合部分的内边缘半径，R ₁为摩擦片和制动盘相结合部分的外边缘半径，μ为摩擦片和制动盘结合时的摩擦因数，p为摩擦片和制动盘之间的压力，r为积分半径，θ为积分弧度。 In the above formula, R is the equivalent radius of the combined part of the friction plate and the brake disc, ω is the angular velocity of the wheel rotation,

is the central angle corresponding to the friction plate, R ₀ is the radius of the inner edge of the joint of the friction plate and the brake disc, R ₁ is the radius of the outer edge of the joint of the friction plate and the brake disc, μ is the radius of the joint of the friction plate and the brake disc The friction coefficient when combined, p is the pressure between the friction plate and the brake disc, r is the integral radius, and θ is the integral radian.

然后，可以按下式确定出制动盘的升温热效率q _d： Then, the heating efficiency q _d of the brake disc can be determined according to the following formula:

在上式中，s为摩擦片与制动盘之间的热量分配系数，P _H为摩擦片与制动盘摩擦的摩擦产热功率，A为制动盘的表面积。 In the above formula, s is the heat distribution coefficient between the friction lining and the brake disc, _PH is the frictional heat generation power of friction between the friction lining and the brake disc, and A is the surface area of the brake disc.

其次，可以按下式确定出制动盘的散热效率Q：Secondly, the heat dissipation efficiency Q of the brake disc can be determined as follows:

Q＝q _HA(t _w-t _∞) Q＝q _H A(t _w -t _∞ )

在上式中，A为制动盘的表面积，t _w为制动盘表面的温度，t _∞为环境温度。 In the above formula, A is the surface area of the brake disc, t _w is the temperature of the brake disc surface, and t _∞ is the ambient temperature.

最后，可以按下式确定出制动盘的温度T：Finally, the temperature T of the brake disc can be determined as follows:

在上式中，q _d为制动盘的升温热效率，Q为制动盘的散热效率，Δt为计算周期的时间间隔，即上一计算周期与该计算周期的时间间隔，c为制动盘的比热容，m为制动盘的质量，T _K1为上一计算周期制动盘的温度。 In the above formula, q _d is the heating thermal efficiency of the brake disc, Q is the heat dissipation efficiency of the brake disc, Δt is the time interval of the calculation cycle, that is, the time interval between the previous calculation cycle and this calculation cycle, and c is the brake disc The specific heat capacity, m is the quality of the brake disc, T _K1 is the temperature of the brake disc in the last calculation period.

基于该种实现方式测算出的制动盘的温度与制动盘的实际温度贴合度较高，可以参见图3示出的温度曲线，其中，图3中实线表示制动盘的实际温度，虚线表示测算出的制动盘的温度(即图例中模型估算温度)，由图3可以看出，二者的贴合度较高，因此可以利用上述方法计得到的制动盘的温度来代表制动盘的温度。通过上述方法计算获得制动盘的温度，不需要在车身或者制动***中安装大量的测温仪器，节省了车身空间。The temperature of the brake disc measured and calculated based on this implementation method has a high degree of fit with the actual temperature of the brake disc. You can refer to the temperature curve shown in Figure 3, where the solid line in Figure 3 represents the actual temperature of the brake disc , the dotted line represents the calculated temperature of the brake disc (that is, the temperature estimated by the model in the legend), and it can be seen from Figure 3 that the two have a high degree of fit, so the temperature of the brake disc calculated by the above method can be used to determine Represents the temperature of the brake disc. By calculating and obtaining the temperature of the brake disc through the above method, there is no need to install a large number of temperature measuring instruments in the vehicle body or the braking system, which saves the space of the vehicle body.

接下来介绍步骤S110中历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况的获取过程。Next, the process of acquiring the driving conditions of the vehicle in the historical time period in step S110 will be introduced.

作为一种可选的实现方式，可以利用聚类算法获取历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况。其中，所述聚类算法可以为K-means聚类算法、可以为均值漂移聚类算法、还可以为基于密度的聚类算法等，本实施例不对聚类算法的类型进行限制。As an optional implementation, a clustering algorithm can be used to obtain the driving conditions of the vehicle in the historical time period. Wherein, the clustering algorithm may be a K-means clustering algorithm, a mean shift clustering algorithm, or a density-based clustering algorithm, etc. This embodiment does not limit the type of the clustering algorithm.

作为另外一种可选的实现方式，还可以利用神经网络算法获取历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况。As another optional implementation manner, a neural network algorithm may also be used to obtain the driving conditions of the vehicle in a historical time period.

在本实施例中，可以通过对历史时间段内的行驶数据进行聚类运算，获得历史时间段内的行驶数据对应的行驶工况，其中，历史时间段为紧邻当前时刻的历史时间段。应理解，一般情况下，车辆行驶过程中不会出现频繁的行驶工况变化，因此，本实施例可以用历史时间段的行驶工况代表未来时间段的行驶工况，其中未来时间段为紧邻当前时刻的未来时间段。在本实施例中，不论是所述历史时间段还是所述未来时间段，其时长均可按需设置。在本实施例中，驾驶数据包括但不局限于车速、车辆纵向加速度、方向盘转角、油门踏板开度、制动踏板开度等等。In this embodiment, the driving condition corresponding to the driving data in the historical time period can be obtained by clustering the driving data in the historical time period, wherein the historical time period is a historical time period close to the current moment. It should be understood that, in general, there will not be frequent changes in driving conditions during the driving of the vehicle. Therefore, in this embodiment, the driving conditions of the historical time period can be used to represent the driving conditions of the future time period, wherein the future time period is immediately adjacent to The future time period of the current moment. In this embodiment, whether it is the historical time period or the future time period, the duration can be set as required. In this embodiment, the driving data includes but not limited to vehicle speed, vehicle longitudinal acceleration, steering wheel angle, accelerator pedal opening, brake pedal opening and so on.

在本实施例中，可以参见图4示出的行驶工况识别示意图，通过对驾驶数据(车速、车辆纵向加速度、方向盘转角、油门踏板开度、制动踏板开度)进行聚类运算来对识别相应的行驶工况。其中，行驶工况可以包括城市工况、山路上行工况、山路下行工况、郊野工况、高速工况等等。应理解，上述行驶工况仅是示例性说明，还可以包括其它一些未知工况。In this embodiment, referring to the schematic diagram of identification of driving conditions shown in FIG. Recognize the corresponding driving situation. Wherein, the driving conditions may include urban conditions, mountain road up conditions, mountain down conditions, suburban conditions, high-speed conditions and so on. It should be understood that the above driving conditions are only illustrative, and may also include some other unknown conditions.

S120：根据所述历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况确定未来时间段内所需的制动强度和制动频率；其中，所述未来时间段与所述历史时间段在时间上连续。S120: Determine the required braking intensity and braking frequency in a future time period according to the driving conditions of the vehicle in the historical time period; wherein, the future time period is temporally continuous with the historical time period.

如图5所示，在本步骤中，各种行驶工况下会预先预设有各自所需的制动强度和制动频率，因此，可以通过索引的方式获得所述行驶工况对应的未来时间段内所需的制动强度和制动频率。As shown in Figure 5, in this step, the braking strength and braking frequency required for each driving condition will be preset in advance, therefore, the future corresponding to the driving condition can be obtained by indexing. The desired braking intensity and braking frequency during the time period.

S130：根据所述制动盘的温度、所述未来时间段内所需的制动强度和制动频率得到所述制动***存在制动热衰退风险时，控制降温装置对所述制动***的摩擦副降温。S130: According to the temperature of the brake disc, the required braking strength and braking frequency in the future time period, when the brake system has the risk of brake heat recession, control the cooling device to control the braking system. The friction pair cooling.

在本步骤之前，首先需要判断制动***是否存在制动热衰退风险。作为一种可选的实现方式，可以基于模糊控制理论来实现该判断。具体为：将制动盘的温度、未来时间段内所需的制动强度和制动频率作为TSK模糊模型的输入，计算出各维度对应的权重因子，即：将未来时间段内所需的制动强度、未来时间段内所需的制动频率、以及制动盘的温度作为TSK模糊模型的输入，获得表示未来时间段内所需的制动强度权重的第一权重因子、表示未来时间段内所需的制动频率权重的第二权重因子、以及表示制动盘的温度权重的第三权重因子。然后对各维度以及各维度对应的权重因子进行加权计算，获得制动热衰退风险系数。将该制动热衰退风险系数与预设的边界阈值进行比较，若该制动热衰退风险系数超过预设的边界阈值时，则判定该制动***存在制动热衰退风险。若该制动热衰退风险系数未超过预设的边界阈值时，则判定该制动***不存在制动热衰退风险。Before this step, it is first necessary to judge whether there is a risk of brake heat degradation in the brake system. As an optional implementation manner, the judgment may be implemented based on fuzzy control theory. Specifically: take the temperature of the brake disc, the required braking strength and braking frequency in the future time period as the input of the TSK fuzzy model, and calculate the weighting factors corresponding to each dimension, that is: the required in the future time period The braking strength, the braking frequency required in the future time period, and the temperature of the brake disc are used as the input of the TSK fuzzy model, and the first weight factor representing the weight of the braking strength required in the future time period is obtained, which represents the future time A second weighting factor for the desired braking frequency weight within the segment, and a third weighting factor for the temperature weighting of the brake disc. Then weighted calculation is performed on each dimension and the corresponding weight factors of each dimension to obtain the risk coefficient of brake thermal recession. The brake thermal degradation risk coefficient is compared with a preset boundary threshold, and if the brake thermal degradation risk coefficient exceeds the preset boundary threshold, it is determined that the braking system has a brake thermal degradation risk. If the brake thermal degradation risk coefficient does not exceed the preset boundary threshold, it is determined that the braking system does not have the risk of brake thermal degradation.

当判断出制动***不存在制动热衰退风险时，重复执行判断的步骤；当判断出制动***存在制动热衰退风险时，此时需控制降温装置对所述制动***的摩擦副降温。When it is judged that there is no risk of brake heat fading in the braking system, repeat the judging steps; Cool down.

作为一种可选的实现方式，可以在制动***空闲时，控制降温装置对制动***的摩擦副主动吹风从而达到降温的目的。As an optional implementation, when the braking system is idle, the cooling device can be controlled to actively blow air to the friction pairs of the braking system so as to achieve the purpose of cooling.

如图6所示为主动吹风控制方案的示意图。图6左侧示出的圆盘表示制动盘，制动盘边缘处近梯形的框体表示摩擦片，右侧示出的是制动***的侧视简化图，制动***存在空闲和夹紧两种状态，这里的空闲状态表示摩擦片与制动盘为非接触状态，这里的夹紧状态表示摩擦片与制动盘为接触状态。本方案中主动吹风控制模式工作在制动器空闲状态，对流空气能够流经摩擦片和制动盘的结合面。结合实车的测试数据，车辆在静置状态下，制动器的温度从200℃降至150℃时，需要耗时120s；车辆在60km/h的状态下，制动器的温度从200℃降至150℃时，需要耗时60s；车辆在静置状态下若制动器附近的空气流速为14m/s，则制动的温度从200℃降至150℃时，需要耗时24s。由此可见，通过加快空气对流速度可以提升制动***的散热效率。另外，基于大量实验，空气的自然对流换热系数一般为5-25W/(m2*K)，通过加压等方式，气体在强对流的情况下，换热系数可以达到20-300W/(m2*K)，一般水的自然对流换热系数为200-1000W/(m2*K)，而气体通过射流冲击的方式其换热系数可以为达到400-1400W/(m2*K)。因此，在本实施例中，作为一种可选的实现方式，可以通过对降温装置中的降温物质(气体或液体)加压，以达到更快的散热速率。Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the active blowing control scheme. The disc on the left side of Fig. 6 represents the brake disc, the trapezoidal frame at the edge of the brake disc represents the friction plate, and the side view of the brake system is shown on the right side. There are two tight states, the idle state here means that the friction lining and the brake disc are in a non-contact state, and the clamped state here means that the friction lining and the brake disc are in a contact state. In this solution, the active blowing control mode works in the idle state of the brake, and the convective air can flow through the joint surface of the friction plate and the brake disc. Combined with the test data of the real vehicle, it takes 120 seconds for the temperature of the brakes to drop from 200°C to 150°C when the vehicle is stationary; when the vehicle is running at 60km/h, the temperature of the brakes drops from 200°C to 150°C When the vehicle is stationary, if the air velocity near the brake is 14m/s, it will take 24s for the temperature of the brake to drop from 200°C to 150°C. It can be seen that the heat dissipation efficiency of the braking system can be improved by increasing the air convection velocity. In addition, based on a large number of experiments, the natural convection heat transfer coefficient of air is generally 5-25W/(m2*K), and by means of pressurization, etc., the heat transfer coefficient of gas can reach 20-300W/(m2 in the case of strong convection *K), the natural convection heat transfer coefficient of general water is 200-1000W/(m2*K), and the heat transfer coefficient of gas through jet impact can reach 400-1400W/(m2*K). Therefore, in this embodiment, as an optional implementation manner, a faster cooling rate can be achieved by pressurizing the cooling substance (gas or liquid) in the cooling device.

作为另外一种可选的实现方式，还可以采用电机回馈制动或者电机回馈制动与液压制动相结合的方式进行制动操作，以此来抑制液压制动器在制动过程中的温升，从而实现对摩擦副降温。As another optional implementation, the braking operation can also be performed by using motor regenerative braking or a combination of motor regenerative braking and hydraulic braking, so as to suppress the temperature rise of the hydraulic brake during braking. Thereby realizing the cooling of the friction pair.

在本实施例中，整车控制器(Vehicle Control Unit，VCU)在接收到采用电机回馈制动的方式对摩擦副降温的指令时，首先根据蓄电池的电荷状态(State of Charge，SOC)判断是否需要通过对蓄电池主动放电来解除电机回馈制动时的功率限制。一般的，蓄电池SOC≧95％(TBD)时会限制电机回馈制动能力，此时则需要降低蓄电池SOC来保证电机回馈制动能力。In this embodiment, when the vehicle controller (Vehicle Control Unit, VCU) receives an instruction to cool the friction pair by means of motor feedback braking, it first judges whether to use the battery state of charge (State of Charge, SOC) It is necessary to actively discharge the battery to release the power limitation during regenerative braking of the motor. Generally, when the battery SOC≧95% (TBD) will limit the motor regenerative braking capability, at this time, it is necessary to reduce the battery SOC to ensure the motor regenerative braking capability.

参见图7，本实施例提供了一种通过主动放电的方式来降低蓄电池SOC的方案，在本实施例中，可以通过热管理***中的电加热器(Positive Temperature Coefficient，PTC)工作产生热量使循环水回路升温，同时循环水回路中的水泵、风扇等同步工作，将PTC产生的热量交换到环境中。在本实施例中，还可以通过热管理***中的压缩机和风扇工作，将PTC产生的热量交换到环境中。其中，PTC的额定功率为9kW，循环水泵的额定功率为0.2kW，风扇的额定功率为0.4kW，压缩机的额定功率为2.5kW。如图7示出的主动放电的工作原理图，在该工作场景中，包含有1个PTC、2个风扇、2个循环水泵以及1个压缩机，根据上述各器件的额定功率可知，该工作场景产热的额定功率为9kW，散热的额定功率为0.2*2+0.4*2+2.5＝3.7kW，因此，产热功率约为散热功率的2.5倍，因此，作为一种可选的实现方式，可以将主动放电设为周期放电行为，例如：每开启5min的PCT，则开启12.5min的循环水泵、风扇和压缩机。Referring to Figure 7, this embodiment provides a solution to reduce the SOC of the battery by actively discharging. In this embodiment, the heat generated by the electric heater (Positive Temperature Coefficient, PTC) in the thermal management system can be The circulating water circuit heats up, and at the same time, the water pumps and fans in the circulating water circuit work synchronously to exchange the heat generated by the PTC to the environment. In this embodiment, the heat generated by the PTC can also be exchanged to the environment through the operation of the compressor and the fan in the thermal management system. Among them, the rated power of the PTC is 9kW, the rated power of the circulating water pump is 0.2kW, the rated power of the fan is 0.4kW, and the rated power of the compressor is 2.5kW. The working principle diagram of active discharge is shown in Figure 7. In this working scene, there are 1 PTC, 2 fans, 2 circulating water pumps and 1 compressor. According to the rated power of the above-mentioned components, the working The rated power of heat generation in the scene is 9kW, and the rated power of heat dissipation is 0.2*2+0.4*2+2.5=3.7kW. Therefore, the heat generation power is about 2.5 times of the heat dissipation power. Therefore, as an optional implementation method , you can set the active discharge as a periodic discharge behavior, for example: every time the PCT is turned on for 5 minutes, the circulating water pump, fan and compressor are turned on for 12.5 minutes.

本实施例提供的车辆的制动***的温控方法，具有预测制动热衰退风险的功能，因此可以在制动***的实际温度达到热衰退点之前预判出存在热衰退发生的风险，能够提前采取相应的降温措施，以避免发生制动热衰退。另外，本实施例还提供了通过制动吹风和回馈制动的方式对摩擦副降温的方案，基于上述降温方案，可以控制摩擦副的温度不出现累加攀升现象，其效果可以通过图8示出，其中，图8中实线L1表示制动***的正常温升曲线，L2表示利用本实施例提供的制动***的降温方法降温后的温升曲线，T0表示热衰退温度点。图8中0-t1阶段制动***以正常的制动效能工作，在t1点预测到制动***存在制动热衰退风险，激活了降温模式，在t1-t2阶段，制动***未工作(处于空闲状态)，L2通过主动吹风的方式加快了制动***热量的散失，可以看出t2点处L2的温度低于L1的温度，在t2-t3阶段，制动***开始工作，L2通过电机回馈制动以减缓制动***的温升，而L1仍继续正常升温，此时L1已超过制动热衰退温度点T0，t3-t4阶段同t1-t2阶段，以此往复，在多个制动循环后，L2的温度明显低于L1的温度。The temperature control method of the braking system of the vehicle provided in this embodiment has the function of predicting the risk of thermal degradation of the brake, so it can be predicted that there is a risk of thermal degradation before the actual temperature of the braking system reaches the thermal degradation point, and can Take appropriate cooling measures in advance to avoid brake heat recession. In addition, this embodiment also provides a solution for cooling the friction pair through brake blowing and regenerative braking. Based on the above cooling solution, the temperature of the friction pair can be controlled without accumulative rise. The effect can be shown in Figure 8 , wherein, the solid line L1 in FIG. 8 represents the normal temperature rise curve of the brake system, L2 represents the temperature rise curve after cooling by using the method for cooling the brake system provided in this embodiment, and T0 represents the thermal decay temperature point. In Fig. 8, the braking system works with normal braking efficiency in the stage 0-t1. At point t1, it is predicted that the brake system has the risk of brake heat recession, and the cooling mode is activated. In the stage t1-t2, the braking system does not work ( In the idle state), L2 accelerates the heat loss of the brake system by actively blowing air. It can be seen that the temperature of L2 at point t2 is lower than that of L1. In the stage t2-t3, the brake system starts to work, and L2 passes the motor Feedback braking is used to slow down the temperature rise of the braking system, while L1 continues to heat up normally. At this time, L1 has exceeded the braking heat decay temperature point T0, and the t3-t4 stage is the same as the t1-t2 stage. After cycling, the temperature of L2 is significantly lower than that of L1.

本申请的另一实施例提供一种降温设备，用于对制动***的摩擦副主动吹风以实现降温的目的。如图9所示为本实施例提供的降温设备800的结构示意图。该降温设备800包括气泵810、气体输送管820和喷嘴830。其中，气泵810的气体输出端与气体输送管820的一端连接，气体输送管820的另一端与喷嘴830连接，气泵810设置于车身，喷嘴830设置于制动卡钳。Another embodiment of the present application provides a cooling device for actively blowing air to friction pairs of a braking system to achieve the purpose of cooling. FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling device 800 provided in this embodiment. The cooling device 800 includes an air pump 810 , an air delivery pipe 820 and a nozzle 830 . Wherein, the gas output end of the air pump 810 is connected to one end of the gas delivery pipe 820, and the other end of the gas delivery pipe 820 is connected to the nozzle 830, the air pump 810 is arranged on the vehicle body, and the nozzle 830 is arranged on the brake caliper.

在本实施例中，气泵810用于存置供摩擦副降温的气体，并实现对该气体的加压；气体输送管820用于将加压后的气体导出；喷嘴830用于利用所述气体输送管820导出的所述加压后的气体对所述摩擦副降温。In this embodiment, the air pump 810 is used to store the gas for cooling the friction pair, and pressurize the gas; the gas delivery pipe 820 is used to export the pressurized gas; the nozzle 830 is used to use the gas to deliver The pressurized gas from the pipe 820 cools down the friction pair.

应理解，气泵810的加压强度可以根据需求进行任意设置或改变。另外，本实施例中的降温物质为气体仅为示例性描述，在其他实施例中，降温物质还可以为液体、固定等具有降温功效的物质，本实施例不对其进行限制。It should be understood that the pressurization strength of the air pump 810 can be set or changed arbitrarily according to requirements. In addition, the cooling substance in this embodiment is only an exemplary description, and in other embodiments, the cooling substance can also be liquid, fixed, and other substances with a cooling effect, which are not limited in this embodiment.

本申请的另一实施例提供一种车辆的制动***的温控装置，该装置可以由软件***实现，也可以由硬件设备实现，还可以由软件***和硬件设备结合来实现。Another embodiment of the present application provides a temperature control device for a braking system of a vehicle. The device may be realized by a software system, may also be realized by a hardware device, or may be realized by a combination of a software system and a hardware device.

应理解，图10仅是示例性地展示了一种车辆的制动***的温控装置的一种结构化示意图，本申请并不限定对该车辆的制动***的温控装置中功能模块的划分。如图10所示，该车辆的制动***的温控装置可以在逻辑上分成多个模块，每个模块可以具有不同的功能，每个模块的功能由可以计算设备中的处理器读取并执行存储器中的指令来实现。示例性的，该车辆的制动***的温控装置包括获取模块910、确定模块920以及控制模块930。在一种可选的实现方式中，该制动***的降温装置用于执行图2示出的步骤S110-S130中描述的内容。具体的，可以为：获取模块910用于获取制动盘的温度和历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况。确定模块920用于历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况确定未来时间段内所需的制动强度和制动频率；其中，所述未来时间段与所述历史时间段在时间上连续。控制模块930用于根据所述制动盘的温度、所述未来时间段内所需的制动强度和制动频率判断所述制动***存在制动热衰退风险时，控制降温装置对所述制动***的摩擦副降温。It should be understood that FIG. 10 is only an exemplary structural diagram showing a temperature control device of a brake system of a vehicle, and the present application is not limited to the functions of the functional modules in the temperature control device of the brake system of a vehicle. divided. As shown in Figure 10, the temperature control device of the brake system of the vehicle can be logically divided into multiple modules, each module can have a different function, and the function of each module can be read and calculated by the processor in the computing device. Execution of instructions in memory to achieve. Exemplarily, the temperature control device of the brake system of the vehicle includes an acquisition module 910 , a determination module 920 and a control module 930 . In an optional implementation manner, the cooling device of the braking system is used to execute the content described in steps S110-S130 shown in FIG. 2 . Specifically, it may be: the obtaining module 910 is used to obtain the temperature of the brake disc and the driving condition of the vehicle within a historical time period. The determining module 920 is used to determine the required braking intensity and braking frequency in the future time period according to the driving condition of the vehicle in the historical time period; wherein, the future time period is temporally continuous with the historical time period. The control module 930 is used to control the cooling device to control the temperature of the brake disc when it is judged that the braking system has a risk of brake heat decay according to the temperature of the brake disc, the required braking strength and the braking frequency in the future time period. The friction pair of the brake system cools down.

在本实施例中，所述获取模块910中的所述制动盘的温度根据车轮旋转的角速度和摩擦片和制动盘之间的压力确定。所述获取模块910中的所述历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况的获取过程具体用于：通过对历史时间段内的行驶数据进行聚类运算，获得所述历史时间段内的行驶数据对应的行驶工况。所述行驶工况包括：城市工况、山路上行、山路下行、郊野工况、高速工况。In this embodiment, the temperature of the brake disc in the acquiring module 910 is determined according to the angular velocity of wheel rotation and the pressure between the friction lining and the brake disc. The acquisition process of the vehicle's driving conditions in the historical time period in the acquisition module 910 is specifically used to: obtain the corresponding driving data in the historical time period by performing a clustering operation on the driving data in the historical time period. driving conditions. The driving conditions include: urban working conditions, mountain road uphill, mountain road downhill, suburban working conditions, and high-speed working conditions.

作为一种可选的实现方式，所述确定模块920，具体用于：将所述行驶工况下预设的制动强度和制动频率作为所述未来时间段内所需的制动强度和制动频率。As an optional implementation, the determining module 920 is specifically configured to: use the preset braking intensity and braking frequency under the driving condition as the required braking intensity and braking frequency in the future time period. braking frequency.

在本实施例中，控制模块930具体用于：基于模糊控制理论分别获得第一权重因子、第二权重因子和第三权重因子；其中，所述第一权重因子用于表示未来时间段内所需的制动强度的权重，所述第二权重因子用于表示所述未来时间段内所需的制动频率的权重，所述第三权重因子用于表示所述制动盘的温度的权重；对所述第一权重因子、所述未来时间段内所需的制动强度、所述第二权重因子、所述未来时间段内所需的制动频率、所述第三权重因子以及所述制动盘的温度进行加权计算，获得制动热衰退风险系数；基于所述制动热衰退风险系数确定所述制动***存在制动热衰退风险。In this embodiment, the control module 930 is specifically configured to: obtain the first weight factor, the second weight factor, and the third weight factor respectively based on fuzzy control theory; wherein, the first weight factor is used to represent all The weight of the required braking intensity, the second weight factor is used to represent the weight of the braking frequency required in the future time period, and the third weight factor is used to represent the weight of the temperature of the brake disc ; For the first weighting factor, the required braking strength in the future time period, the second weighting factor, the required braking frequency in the future time period, the third weighting factor and the The temperature of the brake disc is weighted and calculated to obtain the risk coefficient of brake thermal degradation; based on the risk coefficient of thermal degradation of the brake, it is determined that the brake system has a risk of thermal degradation of the brake.

作为一种可选的实现方式，控制模块930还用于当所述制动热衰退风险系数达到阈值时，判断所述制动***存在制动热衰退风险。As an optional implementation manner, the control module 930 is further configured to determine that the brake system has a risk of brake thermal degradation when the risk coefficient of thermal thermal degradation of the brake reaches a threshold.

作为一种可选的实现方式，控制模块930还用于在所述制动***空闲时，控制所述降温装置对所述摩擦副位置吹风。As an optional implementation manner, the control module 930 is further configured to control the cooling device to blow air on the friction pair position when the braking system is idle.

作为另外一种可选的实现方式，所述控制模块930，还用于采用电机回馈制动的方式对所述摩擦副降温。当采用电机回馈制动的方式对所述摩擦副降温时，具体可以通过车辆中的耗电设备，将所述摩擦副产生的热量交换至环境中。As another optional implementation manner, the control module 930 is also configured to cool down the friction pair by means of motor regenerative braking. When the temperature of the friction pair is cooled by means of motor regenerative braking, specifically, the heat generated by the friction pair can be exchanged to the environment through the power consumption equipment in the vehicle.

其中，该实施例中各个功能模块的具体实现方式可以参见上述方法实施例中的介绍，本实施例不再对其进行赘述。Wherein, for the specific implementation manner of each functional module in this embodiment, reference may be made to the introduction in the foregoing method embodiments, and details are not repeated in this embodiment.

本申请实施例还提供一种计算设备，包括处理器，以及存储器。存储器上存储有程序指令，程序指令当被处理器执行时使得处理器执行图2对应的实施例的方法，或其中的各可选实施例。The embodiment of the present application also provides a computing device, including a processor and a memory. Program instructions are stored in the memory, and when executed by the processor, the program instructions cause the processor to execute the method of the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 2 , or various optional embodiments therein.

图11是本申请实施例提供的一种计算设备1000的结构性示意性图。该计算设备1000包括：处理器1010、存储器1020。FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a computing device 1000 provided by an embodiment of the present application. The computing device 1000 includes: a processor 1010 and a memory 1020 .

应理解，图11中所示的计算设备1000中还可包括通信接口1030，可以用于与其他设备之间进行通信。It should be understood that the computing device 1000 shown in FIG. 11 may further include a communication interface 1030 for communicating with other devices.

其中，该处理器1010可以与存储器1020连接。该存储器1020可以用于存储该程序代码和数据。因此，该存储器1020可以是处理器1010内部的存储单元，也可以是与处理器1010独立的外部存储单元，还可以是包括处理器1010内部的存储单元和与处理器1010独立的外部存储单元的部件。Wherein, the processor 1010 may be connected to the memory 1020 . The memory 1020 can be used to store the program codes and data. Therefore, the memory 1020 may be a storage unit inside the processor 1010, or an external storage unit independent of the processor 1010, or may include a storage unit inside the processor 1010 and an external storage unit independent of the processor 1010. part.

可选的，计算设备1000还可以包括总线。其中，存储器1020、通信接口1030可以通过总线与处理器1010连接。总线可以是外设部件互连标准(Peripheral Component Interconnect，PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(Extended Industry Standard Architecture，EISA)总线等。所述总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。Optionally, the computing device 1000 may further include a bus. Wherein, the memory 1020 and the communication interface 1030 may be connected to the processor 1010 through a bus. The bus may be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (Extended Industry Standard Architecture, EISA) bus or the like. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus and so on.

应理解，在本申请实施例中，该处理器1010可以采用中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit，CPU)。该处理器还可以是其它通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门矩阵(Field Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)或者其它可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。或者该处理器1010采用一个或多个集成电路，用于执行相关程序，以实现本申请实施例所提供的技术方案。It should be understood that, in the embodiment of the present application, the processor 1010 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU). The processor can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), field programmable gate matrix (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor, or the like. Alternatively, the processor 1010 adopts one or more integrated circuits for executing related programs, so as to implement the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application.

该存储器1020可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器1010提供指令和数据。处理器1010的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器。例如，处理器1010还可以存储设备类型的信息。The memory 1020 may include read-only memory and random-access memory, and provides instructions and data to the processor 1010 . A portion of processor 1010 may also include non-volatile random access memory. For example, processor 1010 may also store device type information.

在计算设备1000运行时，所述处理器1010执行所述存储器1020中的计算机执行指令执行上述方法的操作步骤。When the computing device 1000 is running, the processor 1010 executes computer-executed instructions in the memory 1020 to perform the operation steps of the above method.

应理解，根据本申请实施例的计算设备1000可以对应于执行根据本申请各实施例的方法中的相应主体，并且计算设备1000中的各个模块的上述和其它操作和/或功能分别为了实现本实施例各方法的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。It should be understood that the computing device 1000 according to the embodiment of the present application may correspond to a corresponding body executing the method according to each embodiment of the present application, and the above-mentioned and other operations and/or functions of each module in the computing device 1000 are for realizing the present invention For the sake of brevity, the corresponding processes of the methods in the embodiments are not repeated here.

本申请实施例还提供了另外一种计算设备，如图12所示为该实施例提供的另一种计算设备2000的结构性示意性图，包括：处理器2010，以及接口电路2020，其中，处理器2010通过接口电路2020访问存储器，存储器存储有程序指令，程序指令当被处理器执行时使得处理器执行图2对应的实施例的方法。另外，该计算设备还可包括通信接口、总线等，具体可参见图11所示的实施例中的介绍，不再赘述。示例性的，该接口电路2020可以为CAN总线或者LIN总线。The embodiment of the present application also provides another computing device, as shown in FIG. 12 , which is a schematic structural diagram of another computing device 2000 provided in this embodiment, including: a processor 2010, and an interface circuit 2020, wherein, The processor 2010 accesses the memory through the interface circuit 2020, and the memory stores program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by the processor, the processor executes the method of the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 2 . In addition, the computing device may also include a communication interface, a bus, etc. For details, please refer to the introduction in the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 , and details will not be repeated here. Exemplarily, the interface circuit 2020 may be a CAN bus or a LIN bus.

本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。Those skilled in the art can appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled artisans may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be regarded as exceeding the scope of the present application.

所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的***、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of the description, the specific working process of the above-described system, device and unit can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的***、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个***，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods may be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented. In another point, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。If the functions described above are realized in the form of software function units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disc and other media that can store program codes. .

本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该程序被处理器执行时用于执行一种车辆的制动***的温控方法，该方法包括上述各个实施例所描述的方案中的至少之一。The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, it is used to implement a temperature control method for a braking system of a vehicle. The method includes the above-mentioned various implementations. at least one of the scenarios described in the example.

本申请实施例的计算机存储介质，可以采用一个或多个计算机可读的介质的任意组合。计算机可读介质可以是计算机可读信号介质或者计算机可读存储介质。计算机可读存储介质例如可以是，但不限于，电、磁、光、电磁、红外线、或半导体的***、装置或器件，或者任意以上的组合。计算机可读存储介质的更具体的例子(非穷举的列表)包括：具有一个或多个导线的电连接、便携式计算机磁盘、硬盘、随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、可擦式可编程只读存储器(EPROM或闪存)、光纤、便携式紧凑磁盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、光存储器件、磁存储器件、或者上述的任意合适的组合。在本文件中，计算机可读存储介质可以是任何包含或存储程序的有形介质，该程序可以被指令执行***、装置或者器件使用或者与其结合使用。The computer storage medium in the embodiments of the present application may use any combination of one or more computer-readable media. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer readable storage media include: electrical connections with one or more leads, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), Erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the above. In this document, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

计算机可读的信号介质可以包括在基带中或者作为载波一部分传播的数据信号，其中承载了计算机可读的程序代码。这种传播的数据信号可以采用多种形式，包括但不限于电磁信号、光信号或上述的任意合适的组合。计算机可读的信号介质还可以是计算机可读存储介质以外的任何计算机可读介质，该计算机可读介质可以发送、传播或者传输用于由指令执行***、装置或者器件使用或者与其结合使用的程序。A computer readable signal medium may include a data signal carrying computer readable program code in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such propagated data signals may take many forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer-readable signal medium may also be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium, which can send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. .

计算机可读介质上包含的程序代码可以用任何适当的介质传输，包括、但不限于无线、电线、光缆、RF等等，或者上述的任意合适的组合。Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

可以以一种或多种程序设计语言或其组合来编写用于执行本申请操作的计算机程序代码，所述程序设计语言包括面向对象的程序设计语言—诸如Java、Smalltalk、C++，还包括常规的过程式程序设计语言—诸如“C”语言或类似的程序设计语言。程序代码可以完全地在用户计算机上执行、部分地在用户计算机上执行、作为一个独立的软件包执行、部分在用户计算机上部分在远程计算机上执行、或者完全在远程计算机或服务器上执行。在涉及远程计算机的情形中，远程计算机可以通过任意种类的网络，包括局域网(LAN)或广域网(WAN)，连接到用户计算机，或者，可以连接到外部计算机(例如利用因特网服务提供商来通过因特网连接)。Computer program code for performing the operations of the present application may be written in one or more programming languages or combinations thereof, including object-oriented programming languages—such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, and conventional Procedural Programming Language - such as "C" or a similar programming language. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In cases involving a remote computer, the remote computer can be connected to the user computer through any kind of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computer (such as through the Internet using an Internet service provider). connect).

注意，上述仅为本申请的较佳实施例及所运用的技术原理。本领域技术人员会理解，本申请不限于这里所述的特定实施例，对本领域技术人员来说能够进行各种明显的变化、重新调整和替代而不会脱离本申请的保护范围。因此，虽然通过以上实施例对本申请进行了较为详细的说明，但是本申请不仅仅限于以上实施例，在不脱离本申请的构思的情况下，还可以包括更多其他等效实施例，均属于本申请的保护范畴。Note that the above are only preferred embodiments and technical principles used in this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, although the present application has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include more other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present application, all of which belong to protection scope of this application.

Claims

一种车辆的制动***的温控方法，其特征在于，包括：A temperature control method for a braking system of a vehicle, characterized in that it comprises:

获取制动盘的温度和历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况；Obtain the temperature of the brake disc and the driving conditions of the vehicle during the historical period;

根据所述历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况得到未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度和制动频率，其中，所述未来时间段与所述历史时间段在时间上连续；According to the driving conditions of the vehicle in the historical time period, the required braking intensity and braking frequency of the vehicle in the future time period are obtained, wherein the future time period is continuous in time with the historical time period;

根据所述制动盘的温度、所述未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度和制动频率得到所述制动***存在制动热衰退风险时，控制降温装置对所述制动***的摩擦副降温。According to the temperature of the brake disc, the required braking strength and braking frequency of the vehicle in the future time period, when the brake system has a risk of brake heat fading, control the cooling device's effect on the brake system The friction pair cools down.
根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述制动盘的温度根据车轮旋转的角速度、以及摩擦片与制动盘之间的压力确定。The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the brake disc is determined according to the rotational angular velocity of the wheel and the pressure between the friction lining and the brake disc.
根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况的获取过程包括：The method according to claim 1, wherein the acquisition process of the vehicle's driving conditions in the historical time period comprises:

通过对历史时间段内的行驶数据进行聚类运算，获得所述历史时间段内的行驶工况。The driving conditions in the historical time period are obtained by clustering the driving data in the historical time period.
根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述行驶工况包括：The method according to claim 1, wherein the driving conditions include:

城市工况、山路上行工况、山路下行工况、郊野工况或高速工况。Urban conditions, uphill conditions, downhill conditions, rural conditions or high-speed conditions.
根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况得到未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度和制动频率，包括：The method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining the required braking intensity and braking frequency of the vehicle in the future time period according to the driving conditions of the vehicle in the historical time period includes:

将所述行驶工况下预设的制动强度和制动频率作为所述未来时间段内所需的制动强度和制动频率。The preset braking intensity and braking frequency under the driving condition are used as the required braking intensity and braking frequency in the future time period.
根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述制动盘的温度、所述未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度和制动频率得到所述制动***存在制动热衰退风险，包括：The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, according to the temperature of the brake disc, the required braking strength and braking frequency of the vehicle in the future time period, the existence of braking in the braking system is obtained. Risk of heat recession, including:

基于模糊控制理论分别获得第一权重因子、第二权重因子和第三权重因子；其中，所述第一权重因子用于表示未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度的权重，所述第二权重因子用于表示所述未来时间段内车辆所需的制动频率的权重，所述第三权重因子用于表示所述制动盘的温度的权重；The first weight factor, the second weight factor and the third weight factor are respectively obtained based on fuzzy control theory; wherein, the first weight factor is used to represent the weight of the braking strength required by the vehicle in the future time period, and the second The weight factor is used to represent the weight of the braking frequency required by the vehicle in the future time period, and the third weight factor is used to represent the weight of the temperature of the brake disc;

根据所述第一权重因子、所述未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度、所述第二权重因子、所述未来时间段内车辆所需的制动频率、所述第三权重因子以及所述制动盘的温度进行计算，获得制动热衰退风险系数；According to the first weighting factor, the required braking strength of the vehicle in the future time period, the second weighting factor, the required braking frequency of the vehicle in the future time period, the third weighting factor and The temperature of the brake disc is calculated to obtain the risk coefficient of brake heat decay;

基于所述制动热衰退风险系数确定所述制动***存在制动热衰退风险。It is determined that the braking system has a risk of brake thermal degradation based on the thermal thermal degradation risk coefficient of the brake.
根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述制动热衰退风险系数确定所述制动***存在制动热衰退风险，包括：The method according to claim 6, wherein the determining that the brake system has a risk of brake heat degradation based on the brake heat degradation risk coefficient comprises:

当所述制动热衰退风险系数达到阈值时，判定所述制动***存在制动热衰退风险。When the brake heat degradation risk coefficient reaches a threshold, it is determined that the brake system has a brake heat degradation risk.
根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述控制降温装置对所述制动***的摩擦副降温，包括：The method according to claim 1, wherein the cooling of the friction pair of the braking system by the cooling control device comprises:

所述摩擦副包括的制动盘与摩擦片为非接触状态时，控制所述降温装置对所述摩擦副位置吹风。When the brake disc included in the friction pair is in a non-contact state, the cooling device is controlled to blow air to the position of the friction pair.
根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：The method according to claim 8, further comprising:

采用电机回馈制动或电机回馈制动与液压制动相结合的方式进行制动操作。The braking operation is performed by means of motor regenerative braking or a combination of motor regenerative braking and hydraulic braking.
根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：The method according to claim 9, further comprising:

通过车辆中的用电设备对车辆中的蓄电池主动放电，其中，所述蓄电池用于存储所述回馈制动的电量。The storage battery in the vehicle is actively discharged through the electrical equipment in the vehicle, wherein the storage battery is used to store the electric power of the regenerative braking.
一种车辆的制动***的温控装置，其特征在于，包括：A temperature control device for a braking system of a vehicle, characterized in that it comprises:

获取模块，用于获取制动盘的温度和历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况；The obtaining module is used to obtain the temperature of the brake disc and the driving conditions of the vehicle in the historical time period;

确定模块，用于根据所述历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况得到未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度和制动频率，其中，所述未来时间段与所述历史时间段在时间上连续；A determining module, configured to obtain the required braking strength and braking frequency of the vehicle in the future time period according to the driving conditions of the vehicle in the historical time period, wherein the future time period is different from the historical time period in terms of time continuous;

控制模块，用于根据所述制动盘的温度、所述未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度和制动频率得到所述制动***存在制动热衰退风险时，控制降温装置对所述制动***的摩擦副降温。A control module, configured to control the cooling device to control the temperature of the brake disc when the brake system has a risk of brake heat fading based on the temperature of the brake disc, the required braking strength and braking frequency of the vehicle in the future time period. The friction pair of the brake system is cooled.
根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述获取模块中的所述制动盘的温度根据车轮旋转的角速度和摩擦片和制动盘之间的压力确定。The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the temperature of the brake disc in the acquisition module is determined according to the angular velocity of wheel rotation and the pressure between the friction lining and the brake disc.
根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述获取模块中的所述历史时间段内车辆的行驶工况的获取过程具体用于：The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the acquisition process of the vehicle's driving conditions in the historical time period in the acquisition module is specifically used for:

通过对历史时间段内的行驶数据进行聚类运算，获得所述历史时间段内的行驶数据对应的行驶工况。The driving conditions corresponding to the driving data in the historical time period are obtained by performing a clustering operation on the driving data in the historical time period.
根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述行驶工况包括：The device according to claim 11, wherein the driving conditions include:

城市工况、山路上行、山路下行、郊野工况或高速工况。Urban conditions, uphill, downhill, country or high-speed conditions.
根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述确定模块，具体用于：The device according to claim 11, wherein the determining module is specifically used for:

将所述行驶工况下预设的制动强度和制动频率作为所述未来时间段内所需的制动强度和制动频率。The preset braking intensity and braking frequency under the driving condition are used as the required braking intensity and braking frequency in the future time period.
根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述控制模块，具体用于：The device according to claim 11, wherein the control module is specifically used for:

基于模糊控制理论分别获得第一权重因子、第二权重因子和第三权重因子；其中，所述第一权重因子用于表示未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度的权重，所述第二权重因子用于表示所述未来时间段内车辆所需的制动频率的权重，所述第三权重因子用于表示所述制动盘的温度的权重；The first weight factor, the second weight factor and the third weight factor are respectively obtained based on fuzzy control theory; wherein, the first weight factor is used to represent the weight of the braking strength required by the vehicle in the future time period, and the second The weight factor is used to represent the weight of the braking frequency required by the vehicle in the future time period, and the third weight factor is used to represent the weight of the temperature of the brake disc;

根据所述第一权重因子、所述未来时间段内车辆所需的制动强度、所述第二权重因子、所述未来时间段内车辆所需的制动频率、所述第三权重因子以及所述制动盘的温度进行计算，获得制动热衰退风险系数；According to the first weighting factor, the required braking strength of the vehicle in the future time period, the second weighting factor, the required braking frequency of the vehicle in the future time period, the third weighting factor and The temperature of the brake disc is calculated to obtain the risk coefficient of brake heat decay;

基于所述制动热衰退风险系数确定所述制动***存在制动热衰退风险。It is determined that the braking system has a risk of brake thermal degradation based on the thermal thermal degradation risk coefficient of the brake.
根据权利要求16所述的装置，其特征在于，基于所述制动热衰退风险系数确定所述制动***存在制动热衰退风险，包括：The device according to claim 16, wherein determining that the brake system has a risk of brake heat degradation based on the brake heat degradation risk coefficient comprises:

当所述制动热衰退风险系数达到阈值时，判定所述制动***存在制动热衰退风险。When the brake heat degradation risk coefficient reaches a threshold, it is determined that the brake system has a brake heat degradation risk.
根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述控制模块，还用于：The device according to claim 11, wherein the control module is also used for:

所述摩擦副包括的制动盘与摩擦片为非接触状态时，控制所述降温装置对所述摩擦副位置吹风。When the brake disc included in the friction pair is in a non-contact state, the cooling device is controlled to blow air to the position of the friction pair.
根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述控制模块，还用于：The device according to claim 11, wherein the control module is also used for:

采用电机回馈制动或电机回馈制动与液压制动相结合的方式进行制动操作。The braking operation is performed by means of motor regenerative braking or a combination of motor regenerative braking and hydraulic braking.
根据权利要求19所述的装置，其特征在于，还用于：The device according to claim 19, further used for:

通过车辆中的用电设备对车辆中的蓄电池主动放电，其中，所述蓄电池用于存储所述回馈制动的电量。The storage battery in the vehicle is actively discharged through the electrical equipment in the vehicle, wherein the storage battery is used to store the electric power of the regenerative braking.
一种降温设备，其特征在于，包括：A cooling device, characterized in that it comprises:

气泵，用于存置供摩擦副降温的气体并对所述气体加压；The air pump is used to store the gas for cooling the friction pair and pressurize the gas;

气体输送管，一端与所述气泵连接，用于将所述加压后的气体导出；a gas delivery pipe, one end of which is connected to the air pump, and is used to export the pressurized gas;

喷嘴，与所述气体输送管的另一端连接，用于利用所述气体输送管导出的所述加压后的气体对所述摩擦副降温。The nozzle is connected to the other end of the gas delivery pipe, and is used for cooling the friction pair by using the pressurized gas exported from the gas delivery pipe.
根据权利要求21所述的设备，其特征在于，所述喷嘴设置于制动卡钳。Apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the nozzle is provided on a brake caliper.
根据权利要求21所述的设备，其特征在于，所述气泵设置于车身。The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the air pump is arranged on the vehicle body.
一种车辆，其特征在于，在所述车辆行驶时，执行权利要求1-10任一项所述的车辆的制动***的温控方法。A vehicle, characterized in that, when the vehicle is running, the method for temperature control of the brake system of the vehicle according to any one of claims 1-10 is executed.
一种计算设备，其特征在于，包括：A computing device, comprising:

处理器，以及存储器；processor, and memory;

所述存储器，其上存储有程序指令，所述程序指令当被所述处理器执行时使得所述处理器执行权利要求1-10任一项所述的车辆的制动***的温控方法。The memory stores program instructions thereon, and when the program instructions are executed by the processor, the processor executes the temperature control method for a brake system of a vehicle according to any one of claims 1-10.
一种计算设备，其特征在于，包括：A computing device, comprising:

处理器，以及接口电路；a processor, and an interface circuit;

其中，通过所述接口电路访问处理器，所述处理器被配置为调用存储在存储器中的程序指令，所述程序指令当被执行时使得所述处理器执行权利要求1-10任一项所述的车辆的制动***的温控方法。Wherein, the processor is accessed through the interface circuit, the processor is configured to call program instructions stored in the memory, and the program instructions, when executed, cause the processor to perform the operation described in any one of claims 1-10. The temperature control method of the braking system of the vehicle described above.
一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有程序指令，其特征在于，所述程序指令当被计算机执行时，使得所述计算机执行权利要求1-10任一项所述的车辆的制动***的温控方法。A computer-readable storage medium on which program instructions are stored, wherein when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer executes the braking system of the vehicle according to any one of claims 1-10 temperature control method.