WO2023092911A1 - Test device and method for simulating pull-out failure of seabed anchor plate in plane - Google Patents

Test device and method for simulating pull-out failure of seabed anchor plate in plane Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023092911A1
WO2023092911A1 PCT/CN2022/082666 CN2022082666W WO2023092911A1 WO 2023092911 A1 WO2023092911 A1 WO 2023092911A1 CN 2022082666 W CN2022082666 W CN 2022082666W WO 2023092911 A1 WO2023092911 A1 WO 2023092911A1
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Prior art keywords
pulley
anchor plate
plate
vertical
pulley assembly
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PCT/CN2022/082666
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
胡成宝
苏淑铭
丁智
禹军业
王鹏飞
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浙大城市学院
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Publication of WO2023092911A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023092911A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
    • G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/0003—Steady
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0017—Tensile
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
    • G01N2203/0037—Generation of the force using mechanical means involving a rotating movement, e.g. gearing, cam, eccentric, or centrifuge effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0278—Thin specimens
    • G01N2203/0282—Two dimensional, e.g. tapes, webs, sheets, strips, disks or membranes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of anchor plate experiments, in particular to a test device and a test method for simulating the drawing failure of an in-plane seabed anchor plate.
  • the anchor plate foundation has the advantages of simple structure, convenient construction, and good economy, so it is widely used in projects such as slopes, retaining walls, and signal towers. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of my country's marine economy, a large number of marine projects represented by offshore drilling platforms and submarine oil and gas pipelines have been constructed. These projects also generally use anchor plate foundations, and thus develop suction anchors, penetrating anchors and method New anchor plates such as load-bearing anchors. As a pull-out member, the anchor plate mainly provides pull-out resistance along the pull-rod direction.
  • the working principle of the anchor plate is as follows: under the action of seawater buoyancy, the offshore drilling platform generally shows a vertical pulling trend, and the upper pulling force is transmitted to the lower deep-buried anchor plate through the tie rod connected to it. Then the anchor plate is dispersed to the surrounding seabed, thereby playing the role of anchoring the upper ocean drilling platform to the seabed.
  • the pull-out force of the anchor plate is closely related to the embedding angle. For example, when the anchor plate is buried horizontally, it provides vertical pullout resistance for the structure; when it is buried vertically, it provides horizontal pullout resistance for the structure, and when it is buried between the two, it provides both horizontal and vertical to the pullout force. It can be seen that the determination of the ultimate uplift bearing capacity under different embedding angles based on the mechanical characteristics of the structure is the key to the engineering design of the anchor plate.
  • the existing test device is only designed for the specific working conditions of horizontal or vertical burial, and cannot realize the pull-out test of the anchor plate under any burial angle;
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a test device and a test method for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate pull-out failure in view of the problem that the existing test device cannot perform an oblique pull-out test on the anchor plate in the prior art, which can perform anchor plate Oblique pull-out test, so as to reveal the failure mode of the anchor plate and the mechanism of the pull-out bearing capacity under different embedding angles, and obtain the influence law and development process of the anchor plate embedding parameters and soil parameters on the ultimate pull-out capacity of the anchor plate , in order to achieve the purpose of guiding the engineering design of the anchor plate.
  • a test device for simulating the pullout failure of an in-plane seabed anchor plate including a support frame, a model box and a hoist, a soil sample is placed in the model box, an anchor plate is embedded in the soil sample, and the support frame includes a horizontal A top plate and a vertical support plate for supporting the horizontal top plate, the mold box is located below the horizontal top plate, and a longitudinal slit penetrating the horizontal top plate is horizontally arranged on the horizontal top plate, and one end of the longitudinal slit penetrates through the horizontal top plate.
  • a longitudinal sliding track is horizontally arranged in the longitudinal slit, and at least two pulley assemblies are slidably fitted on the longitudinal sliding track, wherein the two pulley assemblies are respectively defined as the first pulley assembly and the first pulley assembly.
  • the second pulley assembly, the hoist is connected to the top of the horizontal roof, the steel strands drawn by the hoist pass through the longitudinal slit and then go around the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly in turn and then connect with the anchor plate, the pulley assembly
  • the parts can be relatively fixed with the horizontal top plate.
  • the horizontal roof is horizontally provided with longitudinal slits penetrating the horizontal roof, one end of the longitudinal slit penetrates one side of the horizontal roof,
  • the longitudinal sliding track is arranged in the longitudinal slit, so that the pulley assembly can be installed into the longitudinal slit and slidably fit with the longitudinal sliding track, and at least two sliding fits are assisted on the longitudinal sliding track Pulley assembly, during the test, first set the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly at the target position, then the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly are relatively fixed with the horizontal top plate, and when other angles are tested, The second pulley assembly is relatively loosened from the horizontal top plate, and the second pulley assembly is slidably matched with the longitudinal sliding track to change the position, and then the second pulley assembly is relatively fixed to the horizontal top plate to realize the anchor plate
  • Vertical pull-out test and oblique pull-out test reveal the failure mode of the
  • the pulley assembly includes a first pulley that is slidably engaged with the longitudinal sliding track, the lower end of the first pulley is connected to a first pulley frame, and a pulley is arranged on the first pulley frame, and the first pulley The upper end is connected with a first screw rod, the first screw rod passes through the longitudinal slit, and is fixed on the upper surface of the horizontal top plate by a first backing plate and a first nut, and the pulley assembly is opposite to the horizontal top plate When fixing, the first backing plate and the first pulley frame clamp the horizontal top plate from both sides of the horizontal top plate.
  • a third pulley assembly is also included, the third pulley assembly is connected to the side wall of the mold box, and can be slidably matched with the side wall vertically along the side wall, and the third pulley assembly can be fitted with the side wall
  • the side walls are relatively fixed, and the steel strands drawn from the hoist pass through the longitudinal slits and then go around the first pulley assembly, the second pulley assembly and the third pulley assembly in turn, and then connect with the anchor plate.
  • the side wall of the model box is vertically provided with a vertical slit penetrating the side wall, the lower end of the vertical slit corresponds to the maximum embedding depth of the anchor plate, and the vertical slit of the vertical slit
  • Both sides are provided with vertical sliding tracks
  • the third pulley assembly includes a second pulley frame, the second pulley frame is connected with a second pulley, and the second pulley is slidingly matched with the vertical sliding track
  • the second pulley frame is connected with a second screw rod and a third pulley, one end of the second screw rod passes through the vertical slit, and is fixed on the side wall by a second backing plate and a second nut, so that When the third pulley assembly is relatively fixed to the side wall, the second backing plate and the second pulley frame clamp the side wall from both sides of the thickness of the side wall.
  • the third pulley assembly is arranged through the side wall of the model box.
  • the steel strand drawn by the hoist passes through the longitudinal slit and then goes around the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly in turn and is connected to the anchor plate, or
  • the steel strands drawn from the hoist pass through the longitudinal slit and then bypass the first pulley assembly, the second pulley assembly and the third pulley assembly and then connect with the anchor plate to realize the horizontal pull-out test and vertical pull-out test of the anchor plate.
  • a vertical hole is provided at the bottom of the vertical support plate, and a first expansion nut for fixing the vertical support plate to the ground is fitted in the vertical hole.
  • the present invention also discloses a test method for simulating the drawing failure of the in-plane seabed anchor plate. Based on the test device for simulating the drawing failure of the in-plane seabed anchor plate described in this application, the specific operation steps are as follows:
  • the steel strand is connected to the anchor plate after passing around the fourth pulley and the fifth pulley successively after the rope is taken out from the winch, and the force displacement sensor is connected between the anchor plate pull rod and the steel strand;
  • the steel strand After the steel strand is taken out from the winch, it is wound around the fourth pulley, the fifth pulley and the third pulley in turn, and then connected to the anchor plate, and the force displacement sensor is connected between the anchor plate pull rod and the steel strand;
  • the first camera and the laser displacement sensor are arranged on the side wall of the model box, and the second camera is set up directly in front of the front wall of the model box, wherein,
  • the first camera is used to capture the deformation of the upper surface of the soil sample during the hoisting process
  • the laser displacement sensor is used to capture the displacement of the upper surface of the soil sample during the hoisting process
  • the front wall of the model box is made of transparent material
  • the second camera is used to capture the deformation of the colored sand part on the front side of the soil sample during the hoisting process.
  • step S6 the relative positions of the fifth pulley and the third pulley satisfy the following relationship:
  • the inclination angle ⁇ is defined as the angle between the steel strand connected to the anchor plate and the vertical direction
  • the inclination angle ⁇ ' is when the third pulley moves to the top of the vertical sliding track.
  • the third pulley does not work, and its position is not required
  • H c (Hh 1 )-(L cm +t m +L ma )tan ⁇
  • the vertical position of the fifth pulley is consistent with that of the third pulley; here
  • h1 is the distance from the geometric center of the fifth pulley to the upper edge of the model box
  • h2 is the distance from the center of gravity of the anchor plate to the upper surface of the soil sample
  • h3 is the height of the soil sample
  • h4 is the height inside the model box
  • t a is the thickness of the anchor plate
  • R is the radius of the fourth pulley
  • L cm is the horizontal distance from the geometric center of the third pulley to the outside of the left wall of the model box
  • t m is the thickness of the left wall of the model box
  • L ma is the horizontal distance from the inside of the left wall of the model box to the center of gravity of the anchor plate.
  • a test method for simulating the pull-out failure of an in-plane seabed anchor plate described in this application by designing a support frame and a model box, setting up sliding tracks and installing pulleys on the top of the support frame and the side walls of the model box, Vertical slits are set on the side wall to realize the anchor plate drawing along any preset angle (0°-90°); the front wall of the model box is made of transparent tempered glass and preset positioning mark points, and the right side wall and front wall are added Equipped with a camera and a laser displacement sensor, it can accurately capture the movement track of the anchor plate and the deformation and failure form of the soil sample in real time; the setting method of the pulling angle is flexible, and the test device is unified, which not only saves the test cost, but also can obtain the ultimate resistance of the anchor plate more accurately. Pull-out bearing capacity, pull-out failure mechanism and its variation law.
  • a test device for simulating the drawing failure of an in-plane seabed anchor plate described in this application the horizontal roof is provided with a longitudinal slit penetrating the horizontal roof, and one end of the longitudinal slit penetrates through one of the horizontal roofs.
  • the longitudinal sliding track is arranged in the longitudinal slit, so that the pulley assembly can be installed into the longitudinal slit and slidably fit with the longitudinal sliding track, and at least Two pulley assemblies, during the test, first set the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly at the target position, and then fix the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly to the horizontal top plate, and other angle tests
  • the second pulley assembly is relatively loosened from the horizontal top plate
  • the second pulley assembly is slidably matched with the longitudinal sliding track to change the position, and then the second pulley assembly is relatively fixed to the horizontal top plate to realize Anchor plate vertical pull-out test and oblique pull-out test, thus revealing the anchor plate failure mode and mechanism of pull-out bearing capacity under different embedding angles, and can obtain the impact of anchor plate embedding parameters and soil parameters on the anchor plate’s ultimate pull-out resistance
  • the influence law and development process of the bearing capacity in order to achieve the purpose of guiding the engineering design of the
  • the third pulley assembly is set on the side wall of the model box. During the test, the steel strand drawn by the hoist passes through the vertical After the slits are opened, the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly are sequentially bypassed and then connected to the anchor plate, or the steel strand drawn from the hoist passes through the longitudinal slit and then sequentially bypasses the first pulley assembly, the second pulley assembly and the anchor plate.
  • the third pulley assembly is connected with the anchor plate to realize the horizontal pull-out test and the inclined pull-out test of the anchor plate, so as to reveal the anchor plate failure mode and the mechanism of the pull-out bearing capacity under different embedding angles, and obtain the anchor plate embedding
  • the influence law and development process of the setting parameters and soil parameters on the ultimate uplift bearing capacity of the anchor slab are studied.
  • a test method for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate drawing failure described in the application by designing the support frame and the model box, and opening a sliding track and installing a pulley at the top of the support frame and the side wall of the model box,
  • the side wall of the model box is provided with vertical slits, which realize the anchor plate drawing along any preset angle (0°-90°);
  • the front wall of the model box is made of transparent tempered glass and preset positioning mark points, the right side wall and the front
  • a camera and a laser displacement sensor are installed on the wall to accurately capture the movement track of the anchor plate and the deformation and failure form of the soil sample in real time;
  • the setting method of the pulling angle is flexible and the test device is unified, which not only saves the test cost, but also can obtain the anchor plate more accurately Ultimate pull-out capacity, pull-out failure mechanism and its change rule.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural front view of a test device for simulating in-plane anchor plate pullout failure of the present invention (steel strands go around the fourth pulley and the fifth pulley, and the fifth pulley is positioned directly above the anchor plate).
  • Fig. 2 is a structural front view of a test device for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate pullout failure of the present invention (steel strands go around the fourth pulley and the fifth pulley, and the fifth pulley is positioned obliquely above the anchor plate).
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of the structure of a test device for simulating in-plane anchor plate pullout failure of the present invention (steel strands go around the fourth pulley, the fifth pulley and the third pulley, and the third pulley is located at the anchor plate inclined above).
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of the structure of a test device for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate drawing failure of the present invention (steel strands go around the fourth pulley, the fifth pulley and the third pulley, the fifth pulley, the third pulley set in line with the anchor plate).
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of the structure of a test device for simulating in-plane anchor plate pullout failure of the present invention (steel strands go around the fourth pulley, the fifth pulley and the third pulley, and the pulley assembly is located on the left side of the anchor plate level side).
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of the structure of a test device for simulating the pullout failure of an in-plane seabed anchor plate according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a vertically cut left view of a test device for simulating in-plane pullout failure of a seabed anchor plate according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part A in Fig. 7 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the pulley assembly of the present invention.
  • a test device for simulating the pullout failure of an in-plane seabed anchor plate described in this embodiment includes a support frame 1, a model box 2, a hoist 5 and a third pulley assembly 18, and the model A soil sample 14 is placed in the box 2, and an anchor plate 13 is embedded in the soil sample 14.
  • the support frame 1 includes a horizontal top plate 4 and a vertical support plate 3 for supporting the horizontal top plate 4.
  • the horizontal top plate 4 Located below the horizontal top plate 4, the horizontal top plate 4 is horizontally provided with a longitudinal slit 15 penetrating the horizontal top plate 4, one end of the longitudinal slit 15 runs through one side of the horizontal top plate 4, and the longitudinal slit 15
  • a longitudinal sliding track 6 is horizontally arranged on the inner edge, and at least two pulley assemblies are slidably fitted on the longitudinal sliding track 6, wherein the two pulley assemblies are respectively defined as a first pulley assembly 21 and a second pulley assembly 22.
  • the winch 5 is connected to the top of the horizontal roof 4, and the steel strand 17 drawn by the winch 5 passes through the longitudinal slit 15 and then goes around the first pulley assembly 21 and the second pulley assembly 22 in turn and then connects with the anchor plate 13. Both the first pulley assembly 21 and the second pulley assembly 22 can be relatively fixed to the horizontal top plate 4 , and the upper part of the mold box 2 is open.
  • Described pulley assembly comprises the first pulley 7 that is slidably matched with longitudinal sliding track 6, and the lower end of described first pulley 7 is connected with first pulley frame 16, and described first pulley frame 16 is provided with pulley, and described first
  • the upper end of the pulley 7 is connected with a first screw rod 9, and the first screw rod 9 passes through the longitudinal slit 15, and is fixed on the upper surface of the horizontal top plate 4 by the first backing plate 10 and the first nut 11, so that When the pulley assembly and the horizontal top plate 4 are relatively fixed, the first backing plate 10 and the first pulley frame 16 clamp the horizontal top plate 4 from both sides of the horizontal top plate 4, and the third pulley assembly 18 is connected to the model box 2 On the side wall 19 of the side wall 19, and can be vertically slidably matched with the side wall 19 along the side wall 19.
  • the third pulley assembly 18 can be relatively fixed to the side wall 19, and the steel strand 17 drawn from the winch 5 passes through the longitudinal slit 15 and then bypasses the first pulley assembly 21, the second pulley assembly 22 and the second pulley assembly in turn.
  • the three pulley assemblies 18 are connected with the anchor plate 13 afterward.
  • the side wall 19 of the model box 2 is vertically provided with a vertical slit 20 penetrating the side wall 19, the lower end of the vertical slit 20 corresponds to the maximum embedding depth of the anchor plate 13, and the vertical slit 20 corresponds to the maximum embedded depth of the anchor plate 13.
  • Both sides of the slit 20 are provided with a vertical sliding track 12, and the third pulley assembly 18 includes a second pulley frame 23, and the second pulley frame 23 is connected with a second pulley 24, and the second pulley 24 is slidingly matched with the vertical sliding track 12, and the second pulley frame 23 is connected with a second screw rod 29 and a third pulley 28, and one end of the second screw rod 29 passes through the vertical slit 20, and the The second backing plate 25 and the second nut 8 are fixed on the side wall 19, and when the third pulley assembly 18 is relatively fixed to the side wall 19, the second backing plate 25 and the second pulley frame 23 are fixed from the side. Said side walls 19 are clamped on both sides of the thickness of the walls 19 .
  • the third pulley assembly 18 is set on the side wall 19 of the model box 2. During the test, the steel strand 17 drawn by the hoist 5 passes through the longitudinal slit 15 and then bypasses the first pulley assembly 21 and the second pulley assembly in turn.
  • the plates 13 are connected together to realize the horizontal pull-out test, vertical pull-out test and oblique pull-out test of the anchor plate 13, thereby revealing the failure mode and the mechanism of the pull-out bearing capacity of the anchor plate 13 under different embedding angles, and the anchor plate 13 can be obtained.
  • Embedded parameters of the plate 13 and soil parameters affect the ultimate uplift bearing capacity of the anchor plate 13 and the development process, so as to achieve the purpose of guiding the engineering design of the anchor plate 13.
  • the bottom of the vertical support plate 3 is provided with a vertical hole, and the first expansion nut 11 for fixing the vertical support plate 3 on the ground is matched with the vertical hole.
  • the horizontal roof 4 is horizontally provided with longitudinal slits 15 penetrating the horizontal roof 4, and the longitudinal slits 15
  • One end of the slit 15 runs through one side of the horizontal top plate 4, and the longitudinal sliding track 6 is arranged in the longitudinal slit 15, so that the first pulley assembly 21 and the second pulley assembly 22 can be installed into the longitudinal slit 15 and It is slidably matched with the longitudinal sliding track 6, and at least two first pulley assemblies are slidably fitted on the longitudinal sliding track 6.
  • first the first pulley assembly 21 and the second pulley assembly 22 are arranged on the target position, then the first pulley assembly and the horizontal roof 4 are relatively fixed, and when other angles are tested, the second pulley assembly 22 is relatively loosened from the horizontal roof 4, and the second pulley assembly 22 and the vertical sliding
  • the track 6 is slidably fitted, and the position is changed, and then the second pulley assembly 22 is relatively fixed to the horizontal top plate 4, so as to realize the vertical pull-out test and the oblique pull-out test of the anchor plate 13, thereby revealing the different embedding angles.
  • the failure mode of the anchor plate 13 and the mechanism of the pull-out bearing capacity can be obtained, and the influence law and development process of the embedded parameters and soil parameters of the anchor plate 13 on the ultimate pull-out bearing capacity of the anchor plate 13 can be obtained, so as to guide the engineering design of the anchor plate 13 the goal of.
  • a test device for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate drawing failure described in this embodiment includes a support frame 1 and a model box 2;
  • the support frame 1 includes a vertical support plate 3 and a horizontal top plate 4, the vertical support plate 3 is an inverted “T”-shaped hollow steel plate for supporting the horizontal top plate 4, and the horizontal top plate 4 is “ 1"-shaped hollow steel plate, used to adjust the pulling direction of the anchor plate 13 and fix the winch 5;
  • the bottom of the vertical support plate 3 is provided with a vertical hole, so that the vertical support plate 3 is fixed to the ground by expanding the first nut 11;
  • a winch 5 for applying a driving force is installed on the right side of the upper surface of the horizontal top plate 4, and a longitudinal sliding track 6 is arranged on the lower surface starting from the right end, and a longitudinal opening penetrating the upper surface of the horizontal top plate 4 is preset directly above the track. seam 15;
  • the longitudinal sliding track 6 is provided with four first pulleys 7 that can move freely in translation, the lower end of the first pulley 7 is connected to the pulley, and the upper end is connected to the first screw 9, and the first screw 9 passes through the Longitudinal slits, fixed on the upper surface of the horizontal top plate 4 by the first backing plate 10 and the first nut 11;
  • the hoist 5 steel strands are placed in the concave guide rails of the fourth pulley 26, the fifth pulley 27 and the third pulley 28 through the longitudinal slit 15;
  • connection mode between the vertical support plate 3 and the horizontal top plate 4 is mortise joint, the upper part of the vertical support plate 3 is provided with a mortise, and the end of the horizontal top plate 4 is provided with a dovetail tenon adapted to the mortise;
  • the model box 2 is located inside the support frame 1, and includes a left side wall, a right side wall, a front wall, a rear wall and a bottom plate, and the top opening is sealed by rivets between the side walls and between the side wall and the bottom plate the box;
  • a vertical slit 20 fully penetrated is provided at the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the left side wall 19, so that the hoist 5 steel strands can pass through the vertical slit 20, and the vertical slit 20 of the vertical slit 20
  • the starting point is consistent with the position corresponding to the maximum embedding depth of the anchor plate 13, and the end point is the upper edge of the left side wall 19;
  • a second pulley 24 is respectively arranged on the vertical sliding track 12, and the pulleys in the vertical sliding track 12 are connected as a whole by using a steel plate, and the geometric center of the steel plate is provided with a screw hole and penetrates Set the second screw rod 29, the left end of the second screw rod 29 is connected with the third pulley 28, and the right end passes through the vertical slit 20, so that the third pulley 28 is fixed on the designated position of the left side wall 19. location;
  • a high-definition camera is arranged at the middle point of the upper edge of the right side wall, and two laser displacement sensors are arranged on both sides of the high-definition camera, which are respectively used to capture the surface damage form and displacement of the soil sample in the model box 2;
  • the material of the front and side walls is transparent tempered glass, positioning marks are set on the outside, and a high-definition camera is set directly in front to capture the lateral deformation of the soil sample in the model box 2 in real time, and obtain the displacement vector of the soil sample based on smooth particle flow technology picture.
  • the present invention also discloses a test method for simulating the pull-out failure of the in-plane seabed anchor plate, based on the test device for the pull-out failure of the seabed anchor plate described in Embodiment 1 or 2, the specific operation steps as follows:
  • the hoist 5 is fixed on the upper surface of the horizontal top plate 4 near the open end of the longitudinal slit 15, and the steel strands of the hoist 5 are passed through the opening seam 15;
  • the first pulley assembly 21 is installed directly below the hoist 5 rope outlet, so that the hoist 5 rope outlet direction is vertical, and the pulley on the first pulley assembly 21 is defined as the fourth pulley 26, on the second pulley assembly 22
  • the pulley is the fifth pulley 27:
  • the steel strand 17 is connected to the anchor plate 13 after passing around the fourth pulley 26 and the fifth pulley 27 successively after the hoist 5 is pulled out of the rope, and the force displacement sensor is connected between the pull rod of the anchor plate 13 and the steel strand;
  • the steel strand 17 is connected to the anchor plate 13 after passing around the fourth pulley 26, the fifth pulley 27 and the third pulley 28 after the hoist 5 is pulled out of the rope, and the force displacement sensor is connected between the pull rod of the anchor plate 13 and the steel strand;
  • the inclination angle ⁇ is defined as the angle between the steel strand 17 connected to the anchor plate 13 and the vertical direction
  • the inclination angle ⁇ ' is the third pulley 28 moving to the vertical sliding
  • the third pulley 28 is inactive, and its position is not required;
  • H c (Hh 1 )-(L cm +t m +L ma )tan ⁇
  • the vertical position of the 5th pulley 27 keeps consistent with the 3rd pulley 28;
  • h1 is the distance from the geometric center of the fifth pulley 27 to the upper edge of the model box 2
  • h2 is the distance from the center of gravity of the anchor plate 13 to the upper surface of the soil sample
  • h3 is the height of the soil sample
  • h4 is the distance inside the model box 2 Height
  • t a is the thickness of anchor plate 13
  • R is the radius of the fourth pulley 26, the diameter of the fourth pulley 26, the fifth pulley 27 and the third pulley 28 are the same
  • L cm is the horizontal distance from the geometric center of the third pulley 28 to the outside of the left side wall of the model box 2
  • t m is the thickness of the left side wall of the model box 2
  • L ma is the left side of the model box 2
  • a layer of colored sand is applied to the inner side of the front wall of the model box 2 every time a certain height is filled, and when the soil sample is filled to the specified height, stop filling;
  • a test method for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate drawing failure described in this application by designing the support frame 1 and the model box 2, and setting Sliding rails, installation of pulleys, vertical slits on the side wall of the model box 2, realizing the drawing of the anchor plate 13 along any preset angle (0°-90°); the front wall of the model box 2 is made of transparent tempered glass And pre-set positioning mark points, cameras and laser displacement sensors are installed on the right side wall and front wall to accurately capture the movement trajectory of the anchor plate 13 and the deformation and failure form of the soil sample in real time; the setting method of the pulling angle is flexible, and the test device is unified, which not only saves The test expenditure is reduced, and the ultimate pull-out bearing capacity of the anchor plate 13, the pull-out failure mechanism and its variation law can be obtained more accurately.

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Abstract

A test device and method for simulating a pull-out failure of a seabed anchor plate in a plane. The test device for a pull-out failure of a seabed anchor plate comprises a support frame (1), a model box (2), and a winch (5), wherein the support frame (1) comprises a horizontal top plate (4) and a vertical support plate (3); a longitudinal slide rail (6) is arranged in a longitudinal slot (15); pulley assemblies are slidably fitted on the longitudinal slide rail (6); a steel strand drawn from the winch (5) bypasses a first pulley assembly (21) and a second pulley assembly (22) in sequence after passing through the longitudinal slot (15) and then is connected to an anchor plate (13); and the first pulley assembly (21) is fixed relative to the horizontal top plate (4). The test device for a pull-out failure of a seabed anchor plate can implement a vertical pull-out test and an inclined pull-out test on the anchor plate (13), reveal a failure mode of the anchor plate (13) at different embedding angles and an anti-pull-out bearing capacity exertion mechanism, and obtain an influence rule and an exertion process of embedding parameters of the anchor plate (13) and soil property parameters on the ultimate anti-pull-out bearing capacity of the anchor plate (13), so as to guide the engineering design of the anchor plate (13).

Description

一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置及试验方法A test device and test method for simulating the pull-out failure of an in-plane seabed anchor plate 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及锚板实验领域，特别是一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置及试验方法。The invention relates to the field of anchor plate experiments, in particular to a test device and a test method for simulating the drawing failure of an in-plane seabed anchor plate.
背景技术Background technique
锚板基础具有构造简单、施工方便、经济性好等优点，因而被广泛应用于边坡、挡土墙以及信号塔等工程。特别是近年来我国海洋经济快速发展，以海洋钻井平台和海底油气管道等为代表的海洋工程大量建设，这些工程也普遍采用锚板基础，并由此发展出吸力锚、贯入式锚和法向承力锚等新式锚板。作为一种拉拔式构件，锚板主要提供沿拉杆方向的抗拔作用。以海洋钻井平台为例，锚板工作原理如下：在海水浮力作用下，海洋钻井平台总体表现出竖向拉拔趋势，其上拉拔力通过与之相连的拉杆传递至下部深埋锚板，再由锚板分散至周围海床，从而起到将上部海洋钻井平台锚固于海床的作用。锚板抗拔力的发挥与埋设角度密切相关。比如，当锚板水平埋设时，其为结构物提供竖向抗拔力；竖向埋设时，其为结构物提供水平抗拔力，介于二者之间埋设时，则同时提供水平和竖向抗拔力。由此可知，基于结构物受力特征的不同埋设角度下的极限抗拔承载力确定是锚板工程设计的关键。The anchor plate foundation has the advantages of simple structure, convenient construction, and good economy, so it is widely used in projects such as slopes, retaining walls, and signal towers. Especially in recent years, with the rapid development of my country's marine economy, a large number of marine projects represented by offshore drilling platforms and submarine oil and gas pipelines have been constructed. These projects also generally use anchor plate foundations, and thus develop suction anchors, penetrating anchors and method New anchor plates such as load-bearing anchors. As a pull-out member, the anchor plate mainly provides pull-out resistance along the pull-rod direction. Taking the offshore drilling platform as an example, the working principle of the anchor plate is as follows: under the action of seawater buoyancy, the offshore drilling platform generally shows a vertical pulling trend, and the upper pulling force is transmitted to the lower deep-buried anchor plate through the tie rod connected to it. Then the anchor plate is dispersed to the surrounding seabed, thereby playing the role of anchoring the upper ocean drilling platform to the seabed. The pull-out force of the anchor plate is closely related to the embedding angle. For example, when the anchor plate is buried horizontally, it provides vertical pullout resistance for the structure; when it is buried vertically, it provides horizontal pullout resistance for the structure, and when it is buried between the two, it provides both horizontal and vertical to the pullout force. It can be seen that the determination of the ultimate uplift bearing capacity under different embedding angles based on the mechanical characteristics of the structure is the key to the engineering design of the anchor plate.
但就目前而言，针对不同埋设角度(尤其是倾斜埋设)下的锚板抗拔承载力研究还比较少见。特别是当埋设角度变化时，锚板拉拔失效机制及其与锚板几何尺寸和外形、锚周土特性等的关系不甚明确，限制了锚板基础在受力较为复杂的工程中的推广应用。因此，有必要开展不同埋设角度下锚板抗拔承载力的深入研究。由于过程清晰直观，结果真实可靠，室内模型试验成为这类研究的最常用手段。试验研究必须有与拟开展试验工况相匹配的试验装置，但现有锚板拉拔试验装置还不具备这种能力，具体不足表现为：But for now, research on the pull-out capacity of anchor plates under different embedding angles (especially oblique embedding) is still relatively rare. Especially when the embedding angle changes, the pullout failure mechanism of the anchor plate and its relationship with the geometric size and shape of the anchor plate, the soil properties around the anchor, etc. are not clear, which limits the popularization of the anchor plate foundation in engineering with more complex forces application. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out in-depth research on the pull-out capacity of anchor plates under different embedding angles. Because the process is clear and intuitive, and the results are true and reliable, indoor model testing has become the most commonly used method for this type of research. The experimental research must have a test device that matches the test conditions to be carried out, but the existing anchor plate pull-out test device does not have this capability, and the specific shortcomings are as follows:
(1)现有试验装置仅是面向水平或竖向埋设的特定工况而设计，无法实现任意埋设角度下的锚板拉拔试验；(1) The existing test device is only designed for the specific working conditions of horizontal or vertical burial, and cannot realize the pull-out test of the anchor plate under any burial angle;
(2)沿用现有设计思路，只能得到可开展某一特定埋设倾角的锚板拉拔试验装置，不便于进行不同埋设角度下的锚板抗拔承载力及其发挥机制的规律分析，并且由于试验装置的不同，即控制变量不唯一，所得各工况的试验数据也不具有可比性。(2) Following the existing design idea, only the anchor plate pullout test device that can carry out a certain embedding inclination angle can be obtained, which is not convenient to analyze the law of the anchor plate pull-out bearing capacity and its exertion mechanism under different embedding angles, and Due to the different test devices, that is, the control variables are not unique, the test data obtained in each working condition are not comparable.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于：针对现有技术存在：现有试验装置无法对锚板倾斜拉拔试验的问题，提供一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置及试验方法，能够进行锚板倾斜拉拔试验，从而揭示不同埋设角度下的锚板破坏模式和抗拔承载力发挥机制，并能得到锚板埋置参数和土性参数对锚板极限抗拔承载力的影响规律和发挥过程，以达到指导锚板工程设计的目的。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test device and a test method for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate pull-out failure in view of the problem that the existing test device cannot perform an oblique pull-out test on the anchor plate in the prior art, which can perform anchor plate Oblique pull-out test, so as to reveal the failure mode of the anchor plate and the mechanism of the pull-out bearing capacity under different embedding angles, and obtain the influence law and development process of the anchor plate embedding parameters and soil parameters on the ultimate pull-out capacity of the anchor plate , in order to achieve the purpose of guiding the engineering design of the anchor plate.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置，包括支撑架、模型箱和卷扬机，所述模型箱内放置有土样，所述土样内埋设有锚板，所述支撑架包括水平顶板和用于支撑所述水平顶板的竖向支撑板，所述模型箱位于所述水平顶板下方，所述水平顶板上沿水平设置有穿透水平顶板的纵向开缝，纵向开缝的一端贯通水平顶板的一侧，所述纵向开缝内沿水平设置有纵向滑移轨道，所述纵向滑移轨道上滑动配合有至少两个滑轮组件，其中两个滑轮组件分别定义为第一滑轮组件和第二滑轮组件，所述卷扬机连接于水平顶板顶部，所述卷扬机引出的钢绞线穿过纵向开缝后依次绕过第一滑轮组件和第二滑轮组件后与锚板相连接，所述滑轮组件能够与所述水平顶板相对固定。A test device for simulating the pullout failure of an in-plane seabed anchor plate, including a support frame, a model box and a hoist, a soil sample is placed in the model box, an anchor plate is embedded in the soil sample, and the support frame includes a horizontal A top plate and a vertical support plate for supporting the horizontal top plate, the mold box is located below the horizontal top plate, and a longitudinal slit penetrating the horizontal top plate is horizontally arranged on the horizontal top plate, and one end of the longitudinal slit penetrates through the horizontal top plate. On one side of the horizontal top plate, a longitudinal sliding track is horizontally arranged in the longitudinal slit, and at least two pulley assemblies are slidably fitted on the longitudinal sliding track, wherein the two pulley assemblies are respectively defined as the first pulley assembly and the first pulley assembly. The second pulley assembly, the hoist is connected to the top of the horizontal roof, the steel strands drawn by the hoist pass through the longitudinal slit and then go around the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly in turn and then connect with the anchor plate, the pulley assembly The parts can be relatively fixed with the horizontal top plate.
本申请所述的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置，所述水平顶板上沿水平设置有穿透水平顶板的纵向开缝，纵向开缝的一端贯通水平顶板的一侧，所述纵向滑移轨道设置于所述纵向开缝内，使得滑轮组件能够安装进入 纵向开缝内并与纵向滑移轨道滑动配合，在辅助以所述纵向滑移轨道上滑动配合有至少两个滑轮组件，试验时，先将第一滑轮组件和第二滑轮组件设置在目标位置，然后将所述第一滑轮组件和第二滑轮组件均与所述水平顶板相对固定，等其他角度试验时，第二滑轮组件与所述水平顶板相对松开，通过第二滑轮组件与纵向滑移轨道滑动配合，变换位置，之后再将所述第二滑轮组件与所述水平顶板相对固定，以实现锚板竖向拉拔试验和倾斜拉拔试验，从而揭示不同埋设角度下的锚板破坏模式和抗拔承载力发挥机制，并能得到锚板埋置参数和土性参数对锚板极限抗拔承载力的影响规律和发挥过程，以达到指导锚板工程设计的目的。A test device for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate drawing failure described in this application, the horizontal roof is horizontally provided with longitudinal slits penetrating the horizontal roof, one end of the longitudinal slit penetrates one side of the horizontal roof, The longitudinal sliding track is arranged in the longitudinal slit, so that the pulley assembly can be installed into the longitudinal slit and slidably fit with the longitudinal sliding track, and at least two sliding fits are assisted on the longitudinal sliding track Pulley assembly, during the test, first set the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly at the target position, then the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly are relatively fixed with the horizontal top plate, and when other angles are tested, The second pulley assembly is relatively loosened from the horizontal top plate, and the second pulley assembly is slidably matched with the longitudinal sliding track to change the position, and then the second pulley assembly is relatively fixed to the horizontal top plate to realize the anchor plate Vertical pull-out test and oblique pull-out test reveal the failure mode of the anchor plate and the mechanism of the pull-out bearing capacity under different embedding angles, and the influence of the anchor plate embedding parameters and soil parameters on the ultimate pull-out capacity of the anchor plate can be obtained. The law of influence and the process of development, in order to achieve the purpose of guiding the engineering design of the anchor plate.
优选地，所述滑轮组件包括与纵向滑移轨道滑动配合的第一滑轮，所述第一滑轮的下端连接第一滑轮架，所述第一滑轮架上设置有滑轮，所述第一滑轮的上端连接有第一螺杆，所述第一螺杆穿过所述纵向开缝，并由第一垫板和第一螺母固定于所述水平顶板的上表面，所述滑轮组件与所述水平顶板相对固定时，所述第一垫板与第一滑轮架从水平顶板两侧夹紧水平顶板。Preferably, the pulley assembly includes a first pulley that is slidably engaged with the longitudinal sliding track, the lower end of the first pulley is connected to a first pulley frame, and a pulley is arranged on the first pulley frame, and the first pulley The upper end is connected with a first screw rod, the first screw rod passes through the longitudinal slit, and is fixed on the upper surface of the horizontal top plate by a first backing plate and a first nut, and the pulley assembly is opposite to the horizontal top plate When fixing, the first backing plate and the first pulley frame clamp the horizontal top plate from both sides of the horizontal top plate.
优选地，还包括第三滑轮组件，所述第三滑轮组件连接于模型箱的侧壁上，且能够沿所述侧壁竖向与所述侧壁滑动配合，所述第三滑轮组件能够与所述侧壁相对固定，所述卷扬机引出的钢绞线穿过纵向开缝后依次绕过第一滑轮组件、第二滑轮组件和第三滑轮组件后与锚板相连接。Preferably, a third pulley assembly is also included, the third pulley assembly is connected to the side wall of the mold box, and can be slidably matched with the side wall vertically along the side wall, and the third pulley assembly can be fitted with the side wall The side walls are relatively fixed, and the steel strands drawn from the hoist pass through the longitudinal slits and then go around the first pulley assembly, the second pulley assembly and the third pulley assembly in turn, and then connect with the anchor plate.
优选地，所述模型箱的侧壁上竖向设置有穿透侧壁的竖向开缝，所述竖向开缝的下端与锚板最大埋置深度相对应，所述竖向开缝的两侧均设置有竖向滑移轨道，所述第三滑轮组件包括第二滑轮架，所述第二滑轮架上连接有第二滑轮，所述第二滑轮与竖向滑移轨道滑动配合，所述第二滑轮架连接有第二螺杆和第三滑轮，所述第二螺杆的一端穿过所述竖向开缝，由第二垫板和第二螺母固定于所述侧壁上，所述第三滑轮组件与所述侧壁相对固定时，所述第二垫板与第二滑轮架从侧壁厚度的两侧夹紧所述侧壁。Preferably, the side wall of the model box is vertically provided with a vertical slit penetrating the side wall, the lower end of the vertical slit corresponds to the maximum embedding depth of the anchor plate, and the vertical slit of the vertical slit Both sides are provided with vertical sliding tracks, the third pulley assembly includes a second pulley frame, the second pulley frame is connected with a second pulley, and the second pulley is slidingly matched with the vertical sliding track, The second pulley frame is connected with a second screw rod and a third pulley, one end of the second screw rod passes through the vertical slit, and is fixed on the side wall by a second backing plate and a second nut, so that When the third pulley assembly is relatively fixed to the side wall, the second backing plate and the second pulley frame clamp the side wall from both sides of the thickness of the side wall.
通过模型箱的侧壁设置第三滑轮组件，在试验时，所述卷扬机引出的钢绞线穿过纵向开缝后依次绕过第一滑轮组件和第二滑轮组件后与锚板相连接，或者所述卷扬机引出的钢绞线穿过纵向开缝后依次绕过第一滑轮组件、第二滑轮组件和第三滑轮组件后与锚板相连接，以实现锚板水平拉拔试验、竖向拉拔试验和倾斜拉拔试验，从而揭示不同埋设角度下的锚板破坏模式和抗拔承载力发挥机制，并能得到锚板埋置参数和土性参数对锚板极限抗拔承载力的影响规律和发挥过程，以达到指导锚板工程设计的目的。The third pulley assembly is arranged through the side wall of the model box. During the test, the steel strand drawn by the hoist passes through the longitudinal slit and then goes around the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly in turn and is connected to the anchor plate, or The steel strands drawn from the hoist pass through the longitudinal slit and then bypass the first pulley assembly, the second pulley assembly and the third pulley assembly and then connect with the anchor plate to realize the horizontal pull-out test and vertical pull-out test of the anchor plate. Pull-out test and inclined pull-out test, so as to reveal the failure mode of the anchor plate and the mechanism of the pull-out bearing capacity under different embedding angles, and the influence of the anchor plate embedding parameters and soil parameters on the ultimate pull-out capacity of the anchor plate can be obtained And play the process, in order to achieve the purpose of guiding the anchor plate engineering design.
优选地，所述竖向支撑板底部设置有竖向孔洞，所述竖向孔洞上配合有用于将所述竖向支撑板固定于地面上的膨胀第一螺母。Preferably, a vertical hole is provided at the bottom of the vertical support plate, and a first expansion nut for fixing the vertical support plate to the ground is fitted in the vertical hole.
本发明还公开了一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验方法，基于本申请所述的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置，具体操作步骤如下：The present invention also discloses a test method for simulating the drawing failure of the in-plane seabed anchor plate. Based on the test device for simulating the drawing failure of the in-plane seabed anchor plate described in this application, the specific operation steps are as follows:
S1.将所述竖向支撑板竖向置于试验场地，由膨胀第一螺母固定于地表；S1. Place the vertical support plate vertically on the test site, and fix it on the ground surface by the expansion first nut;
S2.将所述水平顶板沿侧边立起，并使纵向开缝敞口端朝上，依次将所述第二滑轮组件和第一滑轮组件从纵向开缝敞口端滑入所述纵向滑移轨道，而后将所述水平顶板由燕尾榫头置入所述竖向支撑板的卯眼内；S2. Stand up the horizontal top plate along the side, and make the open end of the longitudinal slit upward, and slide the second pulley assembly and the first pulley assembly into the longitudinal slide from the open end of the longitudinal slit in sequence. Move the track, and then put the horizontal top plate into the mortise of the vertical support plate by the dovetail;
S3.竖向支撑板和水平顶板拼接完成后，将所述卷扬机固定于所述水平顶板上表面靠近纵向开缝敞口端的一侧，并将卷扬机钢绞线穿过开缝；S3. After the splicing of the vertical support plate and the horizontal top plate is completed, the hoist is fixed on the side of the upper surface of the horizontal top plate close to the open end of the longitudinal slit, and the steel strand of the hoist is passed through the slit;
S4.将所述模型箱置于支撑架下方；S4. placing the model box under the support frame;
S5.将由第二滑轮架连接为整体的第二滑轮置于所述竖向滑移轨道内，并将第二螺杆旋入所述第二滑轮架的螺孔，并完成第三滑轮组件的安装；S5. Place the second pulley connected as a whole by the second pulley frame in the vertical sliding track, and screw the second screw into the screw hole of the second pulley frame, and complete the installation of the third pulley assembly ;
S6.将第一滑轮组件安装于卷扬机出绳的正下方，使得卷扬机出绳方向为竖向，且定义第一滑轮组件上的滑轮为第四滑轮，第二滑轮组件上的滑轮为第五滑轮：S6. Install the first pulley assembly directly below the rope output of the hoist, so that the rope output direction of the hoist is vertical, and define the pulley on the first pulley assembly as the fourth pulley, and the pulley on the second pulley assembly as the fifth pulley :
将钢绞线从卷扬机出绳后依次绕过第四滑轮和第五滑轮后与锚板连接，锚 板拉杆与钢绞线之间连接力位移传感器；The steel strand is connected to the anchor plate after passing around the fourth pulley and the fifth pulley successively after the rope is taken out from the winch, and the force displacement sensor is connected between the anchor plate pull rod and the steel strand;
或or
将钢绞线从卷扬机出绳后依次绕过第四滑轮、第五滑轮和第三滑轮后与锚板连接，锚板拉杆与钢绞线之间连接力位移传感器；After the steel strand is taken out from the winch, it is wound around the fourth pulley, the fifth pulley and the third pulley in turn, and then connected to the anchor plate, and the force displacement sensor is connected between the anchor plate pull rod and the steel strand;
S7.采用淋雨法将土样填入模型箱，当填充高度与锚板埋置深度齐平时，将带拉杆锚板放置于土样表面并固定，再继续填充土样，填充过程中用土工布将竖向开缝封堵，以防止漏土；S7. Use the rain method to fill the soil sample into the model box. When the filling height is equal to the embedding depth of the anchor plate, place the anchor plate with tie rods on the surface of the soil sample and fix it, and then continue to fill the soil sample. During the filling process, use geotechnical Cloth will seal the vertical slits to prevent soil leakage;
S8.为了便于观测土样侧面变形，每填充一定高度，在模型箱前壁内侧涂一层彩砂，当土样填充至指定高度后，停止填土；S8. In order to facilitate the observation of the side deformation of the soil sample, a layer of colored sand is applied to the inner side of the front wall of the model box every time a certain height is filled, and when the soil sample is filled to the specified height, stop filling;
S9.在模型箱的侧壁上布设第一相机和激光位移传感器，并在模型箱前壁正前方架设第二相机，其中，S9. The first camera and the laser displacement sensor are arranged on the side wall of the model box, and the second camera is set up directly in front of the front wall of the model box, wherein,
所述第一相机用于捕捉卷扬机收绳过程中土样上表面部分的变形；The first camera is used to capture the deformation of the upper surface of the soil sample during the hoisting process;
所述激光位移传感器用于捕捉卷扬机收绳过程中土样上表面部分的位移；The laser displacement sensor is used to capture the displacement of the upper surface of the soil sample during the hoisting process;
模型箱前壁为透明材质制成；The front wall of the model box is made of transparent material;
第二相机用于捕捉卷扬机收绳过程中土样前侧面彩砂部分的变形。The second camera is used to capture the deformation of the colored sand part on the front side of the soil sample during the hoisting process.
优选地，在步骤S6中，第五滑轮和第三滑轮的相对位置满足如下关系：Preferably, in step S6, the relative positions of the fifth pulley and the third pulley satisfy the following relationship:
(a)锚板水平埋设时，在明确锚板水平位置后，调整第五滑轮位置，使第五滑轮轮轨左侧相切于钢绞线，然后将第五滑轮固定于水平顶板；(a) When the anchor plate is buried horizontally, after determining the horizontal position of the anchor plate, adjust the position of the fifth pulley so that the left side of the wheel rail of the fifth pulley is tangent to the steel strand, and then fix the fifth pulley on the horizontal roof;
(b)锚板竖向埋设时，在明确锚板竖向位置后，调整第三滑轮位置，使第三滑轮轮轨下侧相切于钢绞线，然后将第三滑轮固定于所述模型箱左侧壁，第五滑轮的竖向位置与第三滑轮保持一致；(b) When the anchor plate is buried vertically, after determining the vertical position of the anchor plate, adjust the position of the third pulley so that the lower side of the wheel rail of the third pulley is tangent to the steel strand, and then fix the third pulley on the model On the left side wall of the box, the vertical position of the fifth pulley is consistent with that of the third pulley;
(c)锚板以一定倾角埋设时，将倾角θ定义为与锚板连接的钢绞线与竖向之间的夹角，倾角θ＇为第三滑轮移动至竖向滑移轨道最顶端时，与锚板连接的 钢绞线与竖向之间的夹角，第五滑轮和第三滑轮的相对位置为：(c) When the anchor plate is buried at a certain inclination angle, the inclination angle θ is defined as the angle between the steel strand connected to the anchor plate and the vertical direction, and the inclination angle θ' is when the third pulley moves to the top of the vertical sliding track. , the angle between the steel strand connected to the anchor plate and the vertical, and the relative positions of the fifth pulley and the third pulley are:
c1：当0°＜θ≤θ′时，通过第一垫板和第一螺母将第五滑轮固定于第四滑轮左侧L cc处，其中 c1: When 0°<θ≤θ′, fix the fifth pulley at L cc on the left side of the fourth pulley through the first backing plate and the first nut, where
L cc＝Htanθ-R/sinθ+R， L cc =Htanθ-R/sinθ+R,
第三滑轮未起作用，其位置不作要求；The third pulley does not work, and its position is not required;
c2：当θ′＜θ≤90°时，以模型箱左侧壁上缘为初始位置，将第三滑轮固定于初始位置以下H c处，其中 c2: When θ′<θ≤90°, take the upper edge of the left wall of the model box as the initial position, and fix the third pulley at H c below the initial position, where
H c＝(H-h 1)-(L cm+t m+L ma)tanθ， H c =(Hh 1 )-(L cm +t m +L ma )tanθ,
第五滑轮的竖向位置与第三滑轮保持一致；此处The vertical position of the fifth pulley is consistent with that of the third pulley; here
Figure PCTCN2022082666-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022082666-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022082666-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2022082666-appb-000002
上式中，h 1为第五滑轮几何中心至模型箱上缘距离，h 2为锚板重心至土样上表面距离，h 3为土样高度，h 4为模型箱内侧的高度，t a为锚板厚度，R为第四滑轮半径，第四滑轮、第五滑轮和第三滑轮直径相同，L′为θ＝θ′时第五滑轮相对于θ＝0 °时第五滑轮的水平距离，L cm为第三滑轮几何中心至模型箱左侧壁外侧水平距离，t m为模型箱左侧壁厚度，L ma为模型箱左侧壁内侧至锚板重心的水平距离。 In the above formula, h1 is the distance from the geometric center of the fifth pulley to the upper edge of the model box, h2 is the distance from the center of gravity of the anchor plate to the upper surface of the soil sample, h3 is the height of the soil sample, h4 is the height inside the model box, t a is the thickness of the anchor plate, R is the radius of the fourth pulley, the fourth pulley, the fifth pulley and the third pulley have the same diameter, L' is the horizontal distance of the fifth pulley when θ=θ' relative to the fifth pulley when θ=0 ° , L cm is the horizontal distance from the geometric center of the third pulley to the outside of the left wall of the model box, t m is the thickness of the left wall of the model box, and L ma is the horizontal distance from the inside of the left wall of the model box to the center of gravity of the anchor plate.
本申请所述的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验方法，通过设计支撑架和模型箱，并在支撑架顶部和模型箱侧壁开设滑移轨道、装设滑轮，在模型箱侧壁开设竖向开缝，实现了沿任意预设角度(0°-90°)的锚板拉拔；模型箱前壁采用透明钢化玻璃并预设定位标记点，右侧壁和前壁加装相机和激光位移传感器，实时精准捕捉锚板运动轨迹及土样变形和破坏形态；拉拔角度设置方式 灵活，试验装置统一，不仅节省了试验开支，而且能够更为精确地获得锚板极限抗拔承载力、拉拔失效机理及其变化规律。A test method for simulating the pull-out failure of an in-plane seabed anchor plate described in this application, by designing a support frame and a model box, setting up sliding tracks and installing pulleys on the top of the support frame and the side walls of the model box, Vertical slits are set on the side wall to realize the anchor plate drawing along any preset angle (0°-90°); the front wall of the model box is made of transparent tempered glass and preset positioning mark points, and the right side wall and front wall are added Equipped with a camera and a laser displacement sensor, it can accurately capture the movement track of the anchor plate and the deformation and failure form of the soil sample in real time; the setting method of the pulling angle is flexible, and the test device is unified, which not only saves the test cost, but also can obtain the ultimate resistance of the anchor plate more accurately. Pull-out bearing capacity, pull-out failure mechanism and its variation law.
综上所述，由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：In summary, owing to adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1、本申请所述的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置，所述水平顶板上沿水平设置有穿透水平顶板的纵向开缝，纵向开缝的一端贯通水平顶板的一侧，所述纵向滑移轨道设置于所述纵向开缝内，使得滑轮组件能够安装进入纵向开缝内并与纵向滑移轨道滑动配合，在辅助以所述纵向滑移轨道上滑动配合有至少两个滑轮组件，试验时，先将第一滑轮组件和第二滑轮组件设置在目标位置，然后将所述第一滑轮组件和第二滑轮组件均与所述水平顶板相对固定，等其他角度试验时，第二滑轮组件与所述水平顶板相对松开，通过第二滑轮组件与纵向滑移轨道滑动配合，变换位置，之后再将所述第二滑轮组件与所述水平顶板相对固定，以实现锚板竖向拉拔试验和倾斜拉拔试验，从而揭示不同埋设角度下的锚板破坏模式和抗拔承载力发挥机制，并能得到锚板埋置参数和土性参数对锚板极限抗拔承载力的影响规律和发挥过程，以达到指导锚板工程设计的目的。1. A test device for simulating the drawing failure of an in-plane seabed anchor plate described in this application, the horizontal roof is provided with a longitudinal slit penetrating the horizontal roof, and one end of the longitudinal slit penetrates through one of the horizontal roofs. On the side, the longitudinal sliding track is arranged in the longitudinal slit, so that the pulley assembly can be installed into the longitudinal slit and slidably fit with the longitudinal sliding track, and at least Two pulley assemblies, during the test, first set the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly at the target position, and then fix the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly to the horizontal top plate, and other angle tests When the second pulley assembly is relatively loosened from the horizontal top plate, the second pulley assembly is slidably matched with the longitudinal sliding track to change the position, and then the second pulley assembly is relatively fixed to the horizontal top plate to realize Anchor plate vertical pull-out test and oblique pull-out test, thus revealing the anchor plate failure mode and mechanism of pull-out bearing capacity under different embedding angles, and can obtain the impact of anchor plate embedding parameters and soil parameters on the anchor plate’s ultimate pull-out resistance The influence law and development process of the bearing capacity, in order to achieve the purpose of guiding the engineering design of the anchor plate.
2、本申请所述的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置，通过模型箱的侧壁上设置第三滑轮组件，在试验时，所述卷扬机引出的钢绞线穿过纵向开缝后依次绕过第一滑轮组件和第二滑轮组件后与锚板相连接，或者所述卷扬机引出的钢绞线穿过纵向开缝后依次绕过第一滑轮组件、第二滑轮组件和第三滑轮组件后与锚板相连接，以实现锚板水平拉拔试验和倾斜拉拔试验，从而揭示不同埋设角度下的锚板破坏模式和抗拔承载力发挥机制，并能得到锚板埋置参数和土性参数对锚板极限抗拔承载力的影响规律和发挥过程，以达到指导锚板工程设计的目的。2. A test device for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate drawing failure described in this application, the third pulley assembly is set on the side wall of the model box. During the test, the steel strand drawn by the hoist passes through the vertical After the slits are opened, the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly are sequentially bypassed and then connected to the anchor plate, or the steel strand drawn from the hoist passes through the longitudinal slit and then sequentially bypasses the first pulley assembly, the second pulley assembly and the anchor plate. The third pulley assembly is connected with the anchor plate to realize the horizontal pull-out test and the inclined pull-out test of the anchor plate, so as to reveal the anchor plate failure mode and the mechanism of the pull-out bearing capacity under different embedding angles, and obtain the anchor plate embedding In order to achieve the purpose of guiding the engineering design of the anchor slab, the influence law and development process of the setting parameters and soil parameters on the ultimate uplift bearing capacity of the anchor slab are studied.
3、本申请所述的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验方法，通过设计支撑架和模型箱，并在支撑架顶部和模型箱侧壁开设滑移轨道、装设滑轮，在 模型箱侧壁开设竖向开缝，实现了沿任意预设角度(0°-90°)的锚板拉拔；模型箱前壁采用透明钢化玻璃并预设定位标记点，右侧壁和前壁加装相机和激光位移传感器，实时精准捕捉锚板运动轨迹及土样变形和破坏形态；拉拔角度设置方式灵活，试验装置统一，不仅节省了试验开支，而且能够更为精确地获得锚板极限抗拔承载力、拉拔失效机理及其变化规律。3. A test method for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate drawing failure described in the application, by designing the support frame and the model box, and opening a sliding track and installing a pulley at the top of the support frame and the side wall of the model box, The side wall of the model box is provided with vertical slits, which realize the anchor plate drawing along any preset angle (0°-90°); the front wall of the model box is made of transparent tempered glass and preset positioning mark points, the right side wall and the front A camera and a laser displacement sensor are installed on the wall to accurately capture the movement track of the anchor plate and the deformation and failure form of the soil sample in real time; the setting method of the pulling angle is flexible and the test device is unified, which not only saves the test cost, but also can obtain the anchor plate more accurately Ultimate pull-out capacity, pull-out failure mechanism and its change rule.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置的结构主视图(钢绞线绕过第四滑轮和第五滑轮，第五滑轮位于锚板正上方)。Fig. 1 is a structural front view of a test device for simulating in-plane anchor plate pullout failure of the present invention (steel strands go around the fourth pulley and the fifth pulley, and the fifth pulley is positioned directly above the anchor plate).
图2是本发明的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置的结构主视图(钢绞线绕过第四滑轮和第五滑轮，第五滑轮位于锚板斜上方)。Fig. 2 is a structural front view of a test device for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate pullout failure of the present invention (steel strands go around the fourth pulley and the fifth pulley, and the fifth pulley is positioned obliquely above the anchor plate).
图3是本发明的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置的结构主视示意图(钢绞线绕过第四滑轮和第五滑轮和第三滑轮，第三滑轮位于锚板斜上方)。Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of the structure of a test device for simulating in-plane anchor plate pullout failure of the present invention (steel strands go around the fourth pulley, the fifth pulley and the third pulley, and the third pulley is located at the anchor plate inclined above).
图4是本发明的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置的结构主视示意图(钢绞线绕过第四滑轮和第五滑轮和第三滑轮，第五滑轮、第三滑轮与锚板共线设置)。Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of the structure of a test device for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate drawing failure of the present invention (steel strands go around the fourth pulley, the fifth pulley and the third pulley, the fifth pulley, the third pulley set in line with the anchor plate).
图5是本发明的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置的结构主视示意图(钢绞线绕过第四滑轮和第五滑轮和第三滑轮，滑轮组件位于锚板水平左侧)。Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of the structure of a test device for simulating in-plane anchor plate pullout failure of the present invention (steel strands go around the fourth pulley, the fifth pulley and the third pulley, and the pulley assembly is located on the left side of the anchor plate level side).
图6是本发明的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置的结构俯视示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of the structure of a test device for simulating the pullout failure of an in-plane seabed anchor plate according to the present invention.
图7是本发明的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置的竖向剖切左视示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a vertically cut left view of a test device for simulating in-plane pullout failure of a seabed anchor plate according to the present invention.
图8是本发明的附图7中A部放大示意图。Fig. 8 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part A in Fig. 7 of the present invention.
图9是本发明的滑轮组件的结构示意图。Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the pulley assembly of the present invention.
图中：1-支撑架；2-模型箱；3-竖向支撑板；4-水平顶板；5-卷扬机；6-纵向滑移轨道；7-第一滑轮；8-第二螺母；9-第一螺杆；10-第一垫板；11-第一螺母；12-竖向滑移轨道；13-锚板；14-土样；15-纵向开缝；16-第一滑轮架；17-钢绞线；18-第三滑轮组件；19-侧壁；20-竖向开缝；21-第一滑轮组件；22-第二滑轮组件；23-第二滑轮架；24-第二滑轮；25-第二垫板；26-第四滑轮；27-第五滑轮；28-第三滑轮，29-第二螺杆。In the figure: 1-support frame; 2-model box; 3-vertical support plate; 4-horizontal roof; 5-hoist; 6-longitudinal sliding track; 7-first pulley; The first screw rod; 10-the first backing plate; 11-the first nut; 12-vertical sliding track; 13-anchor plate; 14-soil sample; 15-longitudinal slot; Steel strand; 18-the third pulley assembly; 19-side wall; 20-vertical slot; 21-the first pulley assembly; 22-the second pulley assembly; 23-the second pulley frame; 24-the second pulley; 25-the second backing plate; 26-the fourth pulley; 27-the fifth pulley; 28-the third pulley, 29-the second screw rod.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图，对本发明作详细的说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
如图1-9所示，本实施例所述的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置，包括支撑架1、模型箱2、卷扬机5和第三滑轮组件18，所述模型箱2内放置有土样14，所述土样14内埋设有锚板13，所述支撑架1包括水平顶板4和用于支撑所述水平顶板4的竖向支撑板3，所述模型箱2位于所述水平顶板4下方，所述水平顶板4上沿水平设置有穿透水平顶板4的纵向开缝15，纵向开缝15的一端贯通水平顶板4的一侧，所述纵向开缝15内沿水平设置有纵向滑移轨道6，所述纵向滑移轨道6上滑动配合有至少两个滑轮组件，其中两个滑轮组件分别定义为第一滑轮组件21和第二滑轮组件22，所述卷扬机5连接于水平顶板4顶部，所述卷扬机5引出的钢绞线17穿过纵向开缝15后依次绕过第一滑轮组件21和第二滑轮组件22后与锚板13相连接，所述第一滑轮组件21和第二滑轮组件22均能够与所述水平顶板4相对固定，模型箱2上部敞口设置。As shown in Figures 1-9, a test device for simulating the pullout failure of an in-plane seabed anchor plate described in this embodiment includes a support frame 1, a model box 2, a hoist 5 and a third pulley assembly 18, and the model A soil sample 14 is placed in the box 2, and an anchor plate 13 is embedded in the soil sample 14. The support frame 1 includes a horizontal top plate 4 and a vertical support plate 3 for supporting the horizontal top plate 4. The model box 2. Located below the horizontal top plate 4, the horizontal top plate 4 is horizontally provided with a longitudinal slit 15 penetrating the horizontal top plate 4, one end of the longitudinal slit 15 runs through one side of the horizontal top plate 4, and the longitudinal slit 15 A longitudinal sliding track 6 is horizontally arranged on the inner edge, and at least two pulley assemblies are slidably fitted on the longitudinal sliding track 6, wherein the two pulley assemblies are respectively defined as a first pulley assembly 21 and a second pulley assembly 22. The winch 5 is connected to the top of the horizontal roof 4, and the steel strand 17 drawn by the winch 5 passes through the longitudinal slit 15 and then goes around the first pulley assembly 21 and the second pulley assembly 22 in turn and then connects with the anchor plate 13. Both the first pulley assembly 21 and the second pulley assembly 22 can be relatively fixed to the horizontal top plate 4 , and the upper part of the mold box 2 is open.
所述滑轮组件包括与纵向滑移轨道6滑动配合的第一滑轮7，所述第一滑轮 7的下端连接第一滑轮架16，所述第一滑轮架16上设置有滑轮，所述第一滑轮7的上端连接有第一螺杆9，所述第一螺杆9穿过所述纵向开缝15，并由第一垫板10和第一螺母11固定于所述水平顶板4的上表面，所述滑轮组件与所述水平顶板4相对固定时，所述第一垫板10与第一滑轮架16从水平顶板4两侧夹紧水平顶板4，所述第三滑轮组件18连接于模型箱2的侧壁19上，且能够沿所述侧壁19竖向与侧所述壁19滑动配合。Described pulley assembly comprises the first pulley 7 that is slidably matched with longitudinal sliding track 6, and the lower end of described first pulley 7 is connected with first pulley frame 16, and described first pulley frame 16 is provided with pulley, and described first The upper end of the pulley 7 is connected with a first screw rod 9, and the first screw rod 9 passes through the longitudinal slit 15, and is fixed on the upper surface of the horizontal top plate 4 by the first backing plate 10 and the first nut 11, so that When the pulley assembly and the horizontal top plate 4 are relatively fixed, the first backing plate 10 and the first pulley frame 16 clamp the horizontal top plate 4 from both sides of the horizontal top plate 4, and the third pulley assembly 18 is connected to the model box 2 On the side wall 19 of the side wall 19, and can be vertically slidably matched with the side wall 19 along the side wall 19.
所述第三滑轮组件18能够与所述侧壁19相对固定，所述卷扬机5引出的钢绞线17穿过纵向开缝15后依次绕过第一滑轮组件21、第二滑轮组件22和第三滑轮组件18后与锚板13相连接。所述模型箱2的侧壁19上竖向设置有穿透侧壁19的竖向开缝20，所述竖向开缝20的下端与锚板13最大埋置深度相对应，所述竖向开缝20的两侧均设置有竖向滑移轨道12，所述第三滑轮组件18包括第二滑轮架23，所述第二滑轮架23上连接有第二滑轮24，所述第二滑轮24与竖向滑移轨道12滑动配合，所述第二滑轮架23连接有第二螺杆29和第三滑轮28，所述第二螺杆29的一端穿过所述竖向开缝20，由第二垫板25和第二螺母8固定于所述侧壁19上，所述第三滑轮组件18与所述侧壁19相对固定时，所述第二垫板25与第二滑轮架23从侧壁19厚度的两侧夹紧所述侧壁19。The third pulley assembly 18 can be relatively fixed to the side wall 19, and the steel strand 17 drawn from the winch 5 passes through the longitudinal slit 15 and then bypasses the first pulley assembly 21, the second pulley assembly 22 and the second pulley assembly in turn. The three pulley assemblies 18 are connected with the anchor plate 13 afterward. The side wall 19 of the model box 2 is vertically provided with a vertical slit 20 penetrating the side wall 19, the lower end of the vertical slit 20 corresponds to the maximum embedding depth of the anchor plate 13, and the vertical slit 20 corresponds to the maximum embedded depth of the anchor plate 13. Both sides of the slit 20 are provided with a vertical sliding track 12, and the third pulley assembly 18 includes a second pulley frame 23, and the second pulley frame 23 is connected with a second pulley 24, and the second pulley 24 is slidingly matched with the vertical sliding track 12, and the second pulley frame 23 is connected with a second screw rod 29 and a third pulley 28, and one end of the second screw rod 29 passes through the vertical slit 20, and the The second backing plate 25 and the second nut 8 are fixed on the side wall 19, and when the third pulley assembly 18 is relatively fixed to the side wall 19, the second backing plate 25 and the second pulley frame 23 are fixed from the side. Said side walls 19 are clamped on both sides of the thickness of the walls 19 .
通过模型箱2的侧壁19上设置第三滑轮组件18，在试验时，所述卷扬机5引出的钢绞线17穿过纵向开缝15后依次绕过第一滑轮组件21和第二滑轮组件22后与锚板13相连接，或者所述卷扬机5引出的钢绞线17穿过纵向开缝15后依次绕过第一滑轮组件21、第二滑轮组件22和第三滑轮组件18后与锚板13相连接，以实现锚板13水平拉拔试验、竖向拉拔试验和倾斜拉拔试验，从而揭示不同埋设角度下的锚板13破坏模式和抗拔承载力发挥机制，并能得到锚板13埋置参数和土性参数对锚板13极限抗拔承载力的影响规律和发挥过程，以达到指导锚板13工程设计的目的。The third pulley assembly 18 is set on the side wall 19 of the model box 2. During the test, the steel strand 17 drawn by the hoist 5 passes through the longitudinal slit 15 and then bypasses the first pulley assembly 21 and the second pulley assembly in turn. 22 and then connected to the anchor plate 13, or the steel strand 17 drawn from the winch 5 passes through the longitudinal slit 15 and then goes around the first pulley assembly 21, the second pulley assembly 22 and the third pulley assembly 18 and then connects with the anchor The plates 13 are connected together to realize the horizontal pull-out test, vertical pull-out test and oblique pull-out test of the anchor plate 13, thereby revealing the failure mode and the mechanism of the pull-out bearing capacity of the anchor plate 13 under different embedding angles, and the anchor plate 13 can be obtained. Embedded parameters of the plate 13 and soil parameters affect the ultimate uplift bearing capacity of the anchor plate 13 and the development process, so as to achieve the purpose of guiding the engineering design of the anchor plate 13.
所述竖向支撑板3底部设置有竖向孔洞，所述竖向孔洞上配合有用于将所述竖向支撑板3固定于地面上的膨胀第一螺母11。The bottom of the vertical support plate 3 is provided with a vertical hole, and the first expansion nut 11 for fixing the vertical support plate 3 on the ground is matched with the vertical hole.
本实施例的有益效果：本申请所述的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置，所述水平顶板4上沿水平设置有穿透水平顶板4的纵向开缝15，纵向开缝15的一端贯通水平顶板4的一侧，所述纵向滑移轨道6设置于所述纵向开缝15内，使得第一滑轮组件21和第二滑轮组件22能够安装进入纵向开缝15内并与纵向滑移轨道6滑动配合，在辅助以所述纵向滑移轨道6上滑动配合有至少两个第一滑轮组件，试验时，先将第一滑轮组件21和第二滑轮组件22设置在目标位置，然后将所述第一滑轮组件与所述水平顶板4相对固定，等其他角度试验时，第二滑轮组件22与所述水平顶板4相对松开，通过第二滑轮组件22与纵向滑移轨道6滑动配合，变换位置，之后再将所述第二滑轮组件22与所述水平顶板4相对固定，以实现锚板13竖向拉拔试验和倾斜拉拔试验，从而揭示不同埋设角度下的锚板13破坏模式和抗拔承载力发挥机制，并能得到锚板13埋置参数和土性参数对锚板13极限抗拔承载力的影响规律和发挥过程，以达到指导锚板13工程设计的目的。Beneficial effects of this embodiment: a test device for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate drawing failure described in the present application, the horizontal roof 4 is horizontally provided with longitudinal slits 15 penetrating the horizontal roof 4, and the longitudinal slits 15 One end of the slit 15 runs through one side of the horizontal top plate 4, and the longitudinal sliding track 6 is arranged in the longitudinal slit 15, so that the first pulley assembly 21 and the second pulley assembly 22 can be installed into the longitudinal slit 15 and It is slidably matched with the longitudinal sliding track 6, and at least two first pulley assemblies are slidably fitted on the longitudinal sliding track 6. During the test, first the first pulley assembly 21 and the second pulley assembly 22 are arranged on the target position, then the first pulley assembly and the horizontal roof 4 are relatively fixed, and when other angles are tested, the second pulley assembly 22 is relatively loosened from the horizontal roof 4, and the second pulley assembly 22 and the vertical sliding The track 6 is slidably fitted, and the position is changed, and then the second pulley assembly 22 is relatively fixed to the horizontal top plate 4, so as to realize the vertical pull-out test and the oblique pull-out test of the anchor plate 13, thereby revealing the different embedding angles. The failure mode of the anchor plate 13 and the mechanism of the pull-out bearing capacity can be obtained, and the influence law and development process of the embedded parameters and soil parameters of the anchor plate 13 on the ultimate pull-out bearing capacity of the anchor plate 13 can be obtained, so as to guide the engineering design of the anchor plate 13 the goal of.
实施例2Example 2
如图1-9所示，本实施例所述的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置，包括支撑架1和模型箱2；As shown in Figures 1-9, a test device for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate drawing failure described in this embodiment includes a support frame 1 and a model box 2;
所述支撑架1包括竖向支撑板3和水平顶板4，所述竖向支撑板3为倒“T”字型的空心钢板，用于支撑所述水平顶板4，所述水平顶板4为“一”字型的空心钢板，用于调整锚板13拉拔方向和固定卷扬机5；The support frame 1 includes a vertical support plate 3 and a horizontal top plate 4, the vertical support plate 3 is an inverted “T”-shaped hollow steel plate for supporting the horizontal top plate 4, and the horizontal top plate 4 is “ 1"-shaped hollow steel plate, used to adjust the pulling direction of the anchor plate 13 and fix the winch 5;
所述竖向支撑板3底部设置有竖向孔洞，以便通过膨胀第一螺母11将所述竖向支撑板3固定于地面；The bottom of the vertical support plate 3 is provided with a vertical hole, so that the vertical support plate 3 is fixed to the ground by expanding the first nut 11;
所述水平顶板4上表面偏右侧安装有施加驱动力的卷扬机5，下表面以右端为起点设置有纵向滑移轨道6，并在轨道正上方预设穿透水平顶板4上表面的纵向开缝15；A winch 5 for applying a driving force is installed on the right side of the upper surface of the horizontal top plate 4, and a longitudinal sliding track 6 is arranged on the lower surface starting from the right end, and a longitudinal opening penetrating the upper surface of the horizontal top plate 4 is preset directly above the track. seam 15;
所述纵向滑移轨道6内设置有四个可自由平动的第一滑轮7，所述第一滑轮7的下端连接滑轮，上端连接第一螺杆9，所述第一螺杆9穿过所述纵向开缝， 由第一垫板10和第一螺母11固定于所述水平顶板4的上表面；The longitudinal sliding track 6 is provided with four first pulleys 7 that can move freely in translation, the lower end of the first pulley 7 is connected to the pulley, and the upper end is connected to the first screw 9, and the first screw 9 passes through the Longitudinal slits, fixed on the upper surface of the horizontal top plate 4 by the first backing plate 10 and the first nut 11;
所述卷扬机5钢绞线穿过所述纵向开缝15置于第四滑轮26、第五滑轮27和第三滑轮28的凹型导轨内；The hoist 5 steel strands are placed in the concave guide rails of the fourth pulley 26, the fifth pulley 27 and the third pulley 28 through the longitudinal slit 15;
所述竖向支撑板3和水平顶板4的连接方式为榫接，竖向支撑板3上部设置有卯眼，水平顶板4端部设置有与所述卯眼适配的燕尾榫头；The connection mode between the vertical support plate 3 and the horizontal top plate 4 is mortise joint, the upper part of the vertical support plate 3 is provided with a mortise, and the end of the horizontal top plate 4 is provided with a dovetail tenon adapted to the mortise;
所述模型箱2位于所述支撑架1的内部，包括左侧壁、右侧壁、前壁、后壁和底板，所述侧壁之间以及侧壁与底板之间通过铆钉密封成顶部开口的箱体；The model box 2 is located inside the support frame 1, and includes a left side wall, a right side wall, a front wall, a rear wall and a bottom plate, and the top opening is sealed by rivets between the side walls and between the side wall and the bottom plate the box;
所述左侧壁19的纵向对称轴处开设一条完全穿透的竖向开缝20，以便所述卷扬机5钢绞线能够穿过所述竖向开缝20，所述竖向开缝20的起点与所述锚板13最大埋置深度对应位置一致，终点为所述左侧壁19的上缘；A vertical slit 20 fully penetrated is provided at the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the left side wall 19, so that the hoist 5 steel strands can pass through the vertical slit 20, and the vertical slit 20 of the vertical slit 20 The starting point is consistent with the position corresponding to the maximum embedding depth of the anchor plate 13, and the end point is the upper edge of the left side wall 19;
以纵向对称轴为分界线，在所述左侧壁19外侧设置两条竖向滑移轨道12，所述竖向滑移轨道12的规格与所述纵向滑移轨道6规格相同，起止点与所述竖向开缝20起止点一致；With the longitudinal axis of symmetry as the dividing line, two vertical sliding tracks 12 are set outside the left side wall 19, the specification of the vertical sliding track 12 is the same as that of the longitudinal sliding track 6, and the starting and ending points are the same as those of the vertical sliding track 6. The starting and ending points of the vertical slit 20 are consistent;
在所述竖向滑移轨道12各设置一个第二滑轮24，采用钢质板将所述竖向滑移轨道12内的滑轮连接为整体，所述钢质板几何中心开设有螺孔并穿设第二螺杆29，所述第二螺杆29左端与第三滑轮28连接，右端穿过所述竖向开缝20，从而将所述第三滑轮28固定于指定所述左侧壁19的指定位置处；A second pulley 24 is respectively arranged on the vertical sliding track 12, and the pulleys in the vertical sliding track 12 are connected as a whole by using a steel plate, and the geometric center of the steel plate is provided with a screw hole and penetrates Set the second screw rod 29, the left end of the second screw rod 29 is connected with the third pulley 28, and the right end passes through the vertical slit 20, so that the third pulley 28 is fixed on the designated position of the left side wall 19. location;
所述右侧壁上缘中点布设一部高清相机，并在所述高清相机两侧布设两个激光位移传感器，分别用于捕捉所述模型箱2内土样的表面破坏形态和位移；A high-definition camera is arranged at the middle point of the upper edge of the right side wall, and two laser displacement sensors are arranged on both sides of the high-definition camera, which are respectively used to capture the surface damage form and displacement of the soil sample in the model box 2;
所述前侧壁材质为透明钢化玻璃，外侧设有定位标记点，正前方设有高清相机，以实时拍摄所述模型箱2内土样侧面变形，并基于光滑粒子流技术获得土样位移矢量图。The material of the front and side walls is transparent tempered glass, positioning marks are set on the outside, and a high-definition camera is set directly in front to capture the lateral deformation of the soil sample in the model box 2 in real time, and obtain the displacement vector of the soil sample based on smooth particle flow technology picture.
实施例3Example 3
如图1-9所示，本发明还公开了一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验方法，基于实施例1或2所述的海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置，具体操作步骤如下：As shown in Figures 1-9, the present invention also discloses a test method for simulating the pull-out failure of the in-plane seabed anchor plate, based on the test device for the pull-out failure of the seabed anchor plate described in Embodiment 1 or 2, the specific operation steps as follows:
S1.将所述竖向支撑板3呈倒“T”型置于试验场地，由膨胀第一螺母11固定于地表；S1. Place the vertical support plate 3 in an inverted "T" shape on the test site, and fix it on the ground surface by expanding the first nut 11;
S2.将所述水平顶板4沿侧边立起，并使纵向开缝15敞口端朝上，依次将所述第二滑轮组件22和第一滑轮组件21从纵向开缝15敞口端滑入所述纵向滑移轨道6，而后将所述水平顶板4由燕尾榫头置入所述竖向支撑板3的卯眼内；S2. Stand up the horizontal top plate 4 along the side, and make the open end of the longitudinal slit 15 face up, and slide the second pulley assembly 22 and the first pulley assembly 21 from the open end of the longitudinal slit 15 in sequence Insert the longitudinal sliding track 6, and then insert the horizontal top plate 4 into the mortise of the vertical support plate 3 by the dovetail;
S3.竖向支撑板3和水平顶板4拼接完成后，将所述卷扬机5固定于所述水平顶板4上表面靠近纵向开缝15敞口端的一侧，并将卷扬机5钢绞线穿过开缝15；S3. After the splicing of the vertical support plate 3 and the horizontal top plate 4 is completed, the hoist 5 is fixed on the upper surface of the horizontal top plate 4 near the open end of the longitudinal slit 15, and the steel strands of the hoist 5 are passed through the opening seam 15;
S4.将所述模型箱2置于支撑架1下方偏右侧，模型箱2与竖向支撑板3水平间距可视试验工况自由调整；S4. Place the model box 2 on the lower right side of the support frame 1, and the horizontal distance between the model box 2 and the vertical support plate 3 can be freely adjusted according to the test conditions;
S5.将由第二滑轮架23连接为整体的第二滑轮24置于所述模型箱2左侧壁外侧的竖向滑移轨道12内，并将第二螺杆9旋入所述第二滑轮架23的螺孔，并完成第三滑轮组件18的安装；S5. Place the second pulley 24 connected as a whole by the second pulley frame 23 in the vertical sliding track 12 outside the left side wall of the model box 2, and screw the second screw rod 9 into the second pulley frame 23 screw holes, and complete the installation of the third pulley assembly 18;
S6.将第一滑轮组件21安装于卷扬机5出绳的正下方，使得卷扬机5出绳方向为竖向，且定义第一滑轮组件21上的滑轮为第四滑轮26，第二滑轮组件22上的滑轮为第五滑轮27：S6. The first pulley assembly 21 is installed directly below the hoist 5 rope outlet, so that the hoist 5 rope outlet direction is vertical, and the pulley on the first pulley assembly 21 is defined as the fourth pulley 26, on the second pulley assembly 22 The pulley is the fifth pulley 27:
将钢绞线17从卷扬机5出绳后依次绕过第四滑轮26和第五滑轮27后与锚板13连接，锚板13拉杆与钢绞线之间连接力位移传感器；The steel strand 17 is connected to the anchor plate 13 after passing around the fourth pulley 26 and the fifth pulley 27 successively after the hoist 5 is pulled out of the rope, and the force displacement sensor is connected between the pull rod of the anchor plate 13 and the steel strand;
或or
将钢绞线17从卷扬机5出绳后依次绕过第四滑轮26、第五滑轮27和第三滑轮28后与锚板13连接，锚板13拉杆与钢绞线之间连接力位移传感器；The steel strand 17 is connected to the anchor plate 13 after passing around the fourth pulley 26, the fifth pulley 27 and the third pulley 28 after the hoist 5 is pulled out of the rope, and the force displacement sensor is connected between the pull rod of the anchor plate 13 and the steel strand;
第五滑轮27和第三滑轮28的相对位置满足如下关系：The relative position of the fifth pulley 27 and the third pulley 28 satisfies the following relationship:
(a)锚板13水平埋设时，在明确锚板13水平位置后，调整第五滑轮27位置，使第五滑轮27轮轨左侧相切于钢绞线17，然后将第五滑轮27固定于水 平顶板4；(a) When the anchor plate 13 is buried horizontally, after determining the horizontal position of the anchor plate 13, adjust the position of the fifth pulley 27 so that the left side of the wheel rail of the fifth pulley 27 is tangent to the steel strand 17, and then fix the fifth pulley 27 on the horizontal roof 4;
(b)锚板13竖向埋设时，在明确锚板13竖向位置后，调整第三滑轮28位置，使第三滑轮28轮轨下侧相切于钢绞线17，然后将第三滑轮28固定于所述模型箱2左侧壁，第五滑轮27的竖向位置与第三滑轮28保持一致；(b) When the anchor plate 13 is buried vertically, after determining the vertical position of the anchor plate 13, adjust the position of the third pulley 28 so that the lower side of the wheel rail of the third pulley 28 is tangent to the steel strand 17, and then place the third pulley 28 is fixed on the left side wall of the model box 2, and the vertical position of the fifth pulley 27 is consistent with the third pulley 28;
(c)锚板13以一定倾角埋设时，将倾角θ定义为与锚板13连接的钢绞线17与竖向之间的夹角，倾角θ＇为第三滑轮28移动至竖向滑移轨道12最顶端时，与锚板13连接的钢绞线17与竖向之间的夹角，第五滑轮27和第三滑轮28的相对位置为：(c) When the anchor plate 13 is buried at a certain inclination angle, the inclination angle θ is defined as the angle between the steel strand 17 connected to the anchor plate 13 and the vertical direction, and the inclination angle θ' is the third pulley 28 moving to the vertical sliding When the track 12 is at the top, the angle between the steel strand 17 connected to the anchor plate 13 and the vertical angle, the relative position of the fifth pulley 27 and the third pulley 28 is:
c1：当0°＜θ≤θ′时，通过第一垫板10和第一螺母11将第五滑轮27固定于第四滑轮26左侧L cc处，其中 c1: When 0°<θ≤θ', the fifth pulley 27 is fixed to the left side L cc of the fourth pulley 26 through the first backing plate 10 and the first nut 11, wherein
L cc＝Htanθ-R/sinθ+R， L cc =Htanθ-R/sinθ+R,
第三滑轮28未起作用，其位置不作要求；The third pulley 28 is inactive, and its position is not required;
c2：当θ′＜θ≤90°时，以模型箱2左侧壁上缘为初始位置，将第三滑轮28固定于初始位置以下H c处，其中 c2: when θ′<θ≤90°, take the upper edge of the left side wall of the model box 2 as the initial position, and fix the third pulley 28 at H c below the initial position, where
H c＝(H-h 1)-(L cm+t m+L ma)tanθ， H c =(Hh 1 )-(L cm +t m +L ma )tanθ,
第五滑轮27的竖向位置与第三滑轮28保持一致；此处The vertical position of the 5th pulley 27 keeps consistent with the 3rd pulley 28; Here
Figure PCTCN2022082666-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2022082666-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2022082666-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2022082666-appb-000004
上式中，h 1为第五滑轮27几何中心至模型箱2上缘距离，h 2为锚板13重心至土样上表面距离，h 3为土样高度，h 4为模型箱2内侧的高度，t a为锚板13厚度，R为第四滑轮26半径，第四滑轮26、第五滑轮27和第三滑轮28直径相同， L′为θ＝θ′时第五滑轮27相对于θ＝0 °时第五滑轮27的水平距离，L cm为第三滑轮28几何中心至模型箱2左侧壁外侧水平距离，t m为模型箱2左侧壁厚度，L ma为模型箱2左侧壁内侧至锚板13重心的水平距离； In the above formula, h1 is the distance from the geometric center of the fifth pulley 27 to the upper edge of the model box 2, h2 is the distance from the center of gravity of the anchor plate 13 to the upper surface of the soil sample, h3 is the height of the soil sample, and h4 is the distance inside the model box 2 Height, t a is the thickness of anchor plate 13, R is the radius of the fourth pulley 26, the diameter of the fourth pulley 26, the fifth pulley 27 and the third pulley 28 are the same, L' is the fifth pulley 27 relative to θ when θ=θ' = the horizontal distance of the fifth pulley 27 at 0 ° , L cm is the horizontal distance from the geometric center of the third pulley 28 to the outside of the left side wall of the model box 2, t m is the thickness of the left side wall of the model box 2, and L ma is the left side of the model box 2 The horizontal distance from the inner side of the side wall to the center of gravity of the anchor plate 13;
S7.采用淋雨法将土样14填入模型箱2，当填充高度与锚板13埋置深度齐平时，将带拉杆锚板13放置于土样表面并固定，再继续填充土样14，填充过程中用土工布将竖向开缝20封堵，以防止漏土；S7. Fill the soil sample 14 into the model box 2 by using the rain method. When the filling height is equal to the embedding depth of the anchor plate 13, place the anchor plate 13 with the tie rod on the surface of the soil sample and fix it, and then continue to fill the soil sample 14. During the filling process, the vertical slot 20 is blocked with a geotextile to prevent soil leakage;
S8.为了便于观测土样侧面变形，每填充一定高度，在模型箱2前壁内侧涂一层彩砂，当土样填充至指定高度后，停止填土；S8. In order to facilitate the observation of the lateral deformation of the soil sample, a layer of colored sand is applied to the inner side of the front wall of the model box 2 every time a certain height is filled, and when the soil sample is filled to the specified height, stop filling;
S9.在模型箱2的侧壁上布设相机和激光位移传感器，并在模型箱2前壁正前面架设相机，用于捕捉加载过程中的土样侧面和上表面变形和位移，锚板13拉杆与钢绞线之间连接力位移传感器，用于测定拉拔力。S9. Arrange cameras and laser displacement sensors on the side wall of the model box 2, and set up a camera directly in front of the front wall of the model box 2 to capture the deformation and displacement of the side and upper surface of the soil sample during the loading process, anchor plate 13 tie rods A force-displacement sensor is connected with the steel strand for measuring the pull-out force.
S10.检测试验装置和加载、测试装备，排除潜在隐患后，启动卷扬机5进行加载，开启相机捕捉土样变形。S10. Detect the test device and loading and testing equipment, and after eliminating potential hidden dangers, start the hoist 5 for loading, and turn on the camera to capture deformation of the soil sample.
本实施例的有益效果：本申请所述的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验方法，通过设计支撑架1和模型箱2，并在支撑架1顶部和模型箱2侧壁开设滑移轨道、装设滑轮，在模型箱2侧壁开设竖向开缝，实现了沿任意预设角度(0°-90°)的锚板13拉拔；模型箱2前壁采用透明钢化玻璃并预设定位标记点，右侧壁和前壁加装相机和激光位移传感器，实时精准捕捉锚板13运动轨迹及土样变形和破坏形态；拉拔角度设置方式灵活，试验装置统一，不仅节省了试验开支，而且能够更为精确地获得锚板13极限抗拔承载力、拉拔失效机理及其变化规律。Beneficial effects of this embodiment: a test method for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate drawing failure described in this application, by designing the support frame 1 and the model box 2, and setting Sliding rails, installation of pulleys, vertical slits on the side wall of the model box 2, realizing the drawing of the anchor plate 13 along any preset angle (0°-90°); the front wall of the model box 2 is made of transparent tempered glass And pre-set positioning mark points, cameras and laser displacement sensors are installed on the right side wall and front wall to accurately capture the movement trajectory of the anchor plate 13 and the deformation and failure form of the soil sample in real time; the setting method of the pulling angle is flexible, and the test device is unified, which not only saves The test expenditure is reduced, and the ultimate pull-out bearing capacity of the anchor plate 13, the pull-out failure mechanism and its variation law can be obtained more accurately.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (7)

  1. 一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置，其特征在于，包括支撑架(1)、模型箱(2)和卷扬机(5)，所述模型箱(2)内放置有土样(14)，所述土样(14)内埋设有锚板(13)，所述支撑架(1)包括水平顶板(4)和用于支撑所述水平顶板(4)的竖向支撑板(3)，所述模型箱(2)位于所述水平顶板(4)下方，所述水平顶板(4)上沿水平设置有穿透水平顶板(4)的纵向开缝(15)，纵向开缝(15)的一端贯通水平顶板(4)的一侧，所述纵向开缝(15)内沿水平设置有纵向滑移轨道(6)，所述纵向滑移轨道(6)上滑动配合有至少两个滑轮组件，其中两个滑轮组件分别定义为第一滑轮组件(21)和第二滑轮组件(22)，所述卷扬机(5)连接于水平顶板(4)顶部，所述卷扬机(5)引出的钢绞线(17)穿过纵向开缝(15)后依次绕过第一滑轮组件(21)和第二滑轮组件(22)后与锚板(13)相连接，所述滑轮组件能够与所述水平顶板(4)相对固定。A test device for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate drawing failure is characterized in that it includes a support frame (1), a model box (2) and a hoist (5), and a soil sample ( 14), the soil sample (14) is embedded with an anchor plate (13), and the support frame (1) includes a horizontal top plate (4) and a vertical support plate (3) for supporting the horizontal top plate (4). ), the model box (2) is located below the horizontal roof (4), the horizontal roof (4) is horizontally provided with a longitudinal slit (15) that penetrates the horizontal roof (4), and the longitudinal slit ( One end of 15) runs through one side of the horizontal top plate (4), and a longitudinal sliding track (6) is horizontally arranged inside the longitudinal slit (15), and at least two two pulley assemblies, wherein two pulley assemblies are respectively defined as the first pulley assembly (21) and the second pulley assembly (22), and the hoist (5) is connected to the top of the horizontal roof (4), and the hoist (5) draws The steel strand (17) passes through the longitudinal slit (15) and then walks around the first pulley assembly (21) and the second pulley assembly (22) and is connected with the anchor plate (13), and the pulley assembly can be connected with The horizontal top plate (4) is relatively fixed.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置，其特征在于，所述滑轮组件包括与纵向滑移轨道(6)滑动配合的第一滑轮(7)，所述第一滑轮(7)的下端连接第一滑轮架(16)，所述第一滑轮架(16)上设置有滑轮，所述第一滑轮(7)的上端连接有第一螺杆(9)，所述第一螺杆(9)穿过所述纵向开缝(15)，并由第一垫板(10)和第一螺母(11)固定于所述水平顶板(4)的上表面，所述滑轮组件与所述水平顶板(4)相对固定时，所述第一垫板(10)与第一滑轮架(16)从水平顶板(4)两侧夹紧水平顶板(4)。A test device for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate pull-out failure according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulley assembly includes a first pulley (7) slidingly matched with the longitudinal sliding track (6), so The lower end of the first pulley (7) is connected with the first pulley frame (16), the first pulley frame (16) is provided with a pulley, and the upper end of the first pulley (7) is connected with the first screw rod (9) , the first screw (9) passes through the longitudinal slit (15), and is fixed on the upper surface of the horizontal top plate (4) by the first backing plate (10) and the first nut (11), so When the pulley assembly is relatively fixed to the horizontal top plate (4), the first backing plate (10) and the first pulley frame (16) clamp the horizontal top plate (4) from both sides of the horizontal top plate (4).
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置，其特征在于，还包括第三滑轮组件(18)，所述第三滑轮组件(18)连接于模型箱(2)的侧壁(19)上，且能够沿所述侧壁(19)竖向与所述侧壁(19)滑动配合，所述第三滑轮组件(18)能够与所述侧壁(19)相对固定，所述卷扬机(5)引出的钢绞线(17)穿过纵向开缝(15)后依次绕过第一滑轮组件(21)、第二滑轮组件(22)和第三滑轮组件(18)后与锚板(13)相连接。A test device for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate drawing failure according to claim 2, further comprising a third pulley assembly (18), and the third pulley assembly (18) is connected to the model box ( 2) on the side wall (19), and can be vertically slidably fitted with the side wall (19) along the side wall (19), and the third pulley assembly (18) can be fitted with the side wall (19) ) is relatively fixed, the steel strand (17) drawn by the hoist (5) passes through the longitudinal slit (15) and then walks around the first pulley assembly (21), the second pulley assembly (22) and the third pulley assembly (18) is connected with anchor plate (13) behind.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置，其特征在于，所述模型箱(2)的侧壁(19)上竖向设置有穿透侧壁(19)的竖向开缝(20)，所述竖向开缝(20)的下端与锚板(13)最大埋置深度相对应，所述竖向开缝(20)的两侧均设置有竖向滑移轨道(12)，所述第三滑轮组件(18)包括第二滑轮架(23)，所述第二滑轮架(23)上连接有第二滑轮(24)，所述第二滑轮(24)与竖向滑移轨道(12)滑动配合，所述第二滑轮架(23)连接有第二螺杆(29)和第三滑轮(28)，所述第二螺杆(29)的一端穿过所述竖向开缝(20)，由第二垫板(25)和第二螺母(8)固定于所述侧壁(19)上，所述第三滑轮组件(18)与所述侧壁(19)相对固定时，所述第二垫板(25)与第二滑轮架(23)从侧壁(19)厚度的两侧夹紧所述侧壁(19)。A test device for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate drawing failure according to claim 3, characterized in that, the side wall (19) of the model box (2) is vertically provided with a penetrating side wall (19) ), the lower end of the vertical slit (20) corresponds to the maximum embedding depth of the anchor plate (13), and both sides of the vertical slit (20) are provided with vertical To the sliding track (12), the third pulley assembly (18) includes a second pulley frame (23), which is connected with a second pulley (24) on the second pulley frame (23), and the second pulley (24) is slidingly matched with the vertical sliding track (12), and the second pulley frame (23) is connected with a second screw rod (29) and a third pulley (28), and one end of the second screw rod (29) Through the vertical slit (20), fixed on the side wall (19) by the second backing plate (25) and the second nut (8), the third pulley assembly (18) and the When the side wall (19) is relatively fixed, the second backing plate (25) and the second pulley frame (23) clamp the side wall (19) from both sides of the thickness of the side wall (19).
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置，其特征在于，所述竖向支撑板(3)底部设置有竖向孔洞，所述竖向孔洞上配合有用于将所述竖向支撑板(3)固定于地面上的膨胀第一螺母(11)。According to any one of claims 1-4, a test device for simulating the pullout failure of an in-plane seabed anchor plate is characterized in that, the bottom of the vertical support plate (3) is provided with a vertical hole, and the vertical A first expansion nut (11) for fixing the vertical support plate (3) on the ground is matched to the hole.
  6. 一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验方法，其特征在于，基于权利要求4所述的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验装置，具体操作步骤如下：A test method for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate pullout failure, characterized in that, based on the test device for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate pullout failure according to claim 4, the specific operation steps are as follows:
    S1.将所述竖向支撑板(3)竖向置于试验场地，由膨胀第一螺母(11)固定于地表；S1. The vertical support plate (3) is vertically placed on the test site, and fixed on the ground surface by the expansion first nut (11);
    S2.将所述水平顶板(4)沿侧边立起，并使纵向开缝(15)敞口端朝上，依次将所述第二滑轮组件(22)和第一滑轮组件(21)从纵向开缝(15)敞口端滑入所述纵向滑移轨道(6)，而后将所述水平顶板(4)由燕尾榫头置入所述竖向支撑板(3)的卯眼内；S2. Stand up the horizontal top plate (4) along the side, and make the open end of the longitudinal slit (15) face up, and sequentially pull the second pulley assembly (22) and the first pulley assembly (21) from The open end of the longitudinal slit (15) slides into the longitudinal sliding track (6), and then puts the horizontal top plate (4) into the mortise of the vertical support plate (3) by a dovetail;
    S3.竖向支撑板(3)和水平顶板(4)拼接完成后，将所述卷扬机(5)固定于所述水平顶板(4)上表面靠近纵向开缝(15)敞口端的一侧，并将卷扬机(5)钢绞线穿过纵向开缝(15)；S3. After the splicing of the vertical support plate (3) and the horizontal top plate (4) is completed, the hoist (5) is fixed on the side of the upper surface of the horizontal top plate (4) close to the open end of the longitudinal slit (15), And the hoist (5) steel strand passes through the longitudinal slit (15);
    S4.将所述模型箱(2)置于支撑架(1)下方；S4. Place the model box (2) below the support frame (1);
    S5.将由第二滑轮架(23)连接为整体的第二滑轮(24)置于所述竖向滑移轨道(12)内，并将第二螺杆(9)旋入所述第二滑轮架(23)的螺孔，并完成第三滑轮组件(18)的安装；S5. place the second pulley (24) connected as a whole by the second pulley frame (23) in the vertical sliding track (12), and screw the second screw rod (9) into the second pulley frame (23), and complete the installation of the third pulley assembly (18);
    S6.将第一滑轮组件(21)安装于卷扬机(5)出绳的正下方，使得卷扬机(5)出绳方向为竖向，且定义第一滑轮组件(21)上的滑轮为第四滑轮(26)，第二滑轮组件(22)上的滑轮为第五滑轮(27)：S6. The first pulley assembly (21) is installed directly below the hoist (5) rope output, so that the hoist (5) rope output direction is vertical, and the pulley on the first pulley assembly (21) is defined as the fourth pulley (26), the pulley on the second pulley assembly (22) is the fifth pulley (27):
    将钢绞线(17)从卷扬机(5)出绳后依次绕过第四滑轮(26)和第五滑轮(27)后与锚板(13)连接，锚板(13)拉杆与钢绞线之间连接力位移传感器；The steel strand (17) is connected to the anchor plate (13) after passing around the fourth pulley (26) and the fifth pulley (27) successively after being discharged from the winch (5), and the anchor plate (13) pull rod is connected to the steel strand A force-displacement sensor is connected between them;
    或or
    将钢绞线(17)从卷扬机(5)出绳后依次绕过第四滑轮(26)、第五滑轮(27)和第三滑轮(28)后与锚板(13)连接，锚板(13)拉杆与钢绞线之间连接力位移传感器；Steel strand (17) is connected with anchor plate (13) after winding around the 4th pulley (26), the 5th pulley (27) and the 3rd pulley (28) successively after hoisting machine (5) rope, anchor plate ( 13) A force displacement sensor is connected between the pull rod and the steel strand;
    S7.采用淋雨法将土样(14)填入模型箱(2)，当填充高度与锚板(13)埋置深度齐平时，将带拉杆锚板(13)放置于土样表面并固定，再继续填充土样(14)，填充过程中用土工布将竖向开缝(20)封堵，以防止漏土；S7. Use the rain method to fill the soil sample (14) into the model box (2). When the filling height is equal to the embedding depth of the anchor plate (13), place the anchor plate (13) with tie rods on the surface of the soil sample and fix it , and then continue to fill the soil sample (14), and use a geotextile to seal the vertical slit (20) during the filling process to prevent soil leakage;
    S8.为了便于观测土样侧面变形，每填充一定高度，在模型箱(2)前壁内侧涂一层彩砂，当土样填充至指定高度后，停止填土；S8. In order to facilitate the observation of the lateral deformation of the soil sample, a layer of colored sand is applied to the inner side of the front wall of the model box (2) for each filling of a certain height, and when the soil sample is filled to the specified height, stop filling;
    S9.在模型箱(2)的侧壁上布设第一相机和激光位移传感器，并在模型箱(2)前壁正前面架设第二相机，其中，S9. the first camera and the laser displacement sensor are arranged on the side wall of the model box (2), and the second camera is set up directly in front of the front wall of the model box (2), wherein,
    所述第一相机用于捕捉卷扬机收绳过程中土样上表面部分的变形；The first camera is used to capture the deformation of the upper surface of the soil sample during the hoisting process;
    所述激光位移传感器用于捕捉卷扬机收绳过程中土样上表面部分的位移；The laser displacement sensor is used to capture the displacement of the upper surface of the soil sample during the hoisting process;
    模型箱(2)前壁为透明材质制成；The front wall of the model box (2) is made of a transparent material;
    第二相机用于捕捉卷扬机收绳过程中土样前侧面彩砂部分的变形。The second camera is used to capture the deformation of the colored sand part on the front side of the soil sample during the hoisting process.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种模拟平面内海底锚板拉拔失效的试验方法，其特征在于，在步骤S6中，第五滑轮(27)和第三滑轮(28)的相对位置满足如下关系：A test method for simulating in-plane seabed anchor plate pullout failure according to claim 6, characterized in that, in step S6, the relative positions of the fifth pulley (27) and the third pulley (28) satisfy the following relationship :
    (a)锚板(13)水平埋设时，在明确锚板(13)水平位置后，调整第五滑轮(27)位置，使第五滑轮(27)轮轨左侧相切于钢绞线(17)，然后将第五滑轮(27)固定于水平顶板(4)；(a) When the anchor plate (13) is buried horizontally, after determining the horizontal position of the anchor plate (13), adjust the position of the fifth pulley (27) so that the left side of the fifth pulley (27) is tangent to the steel strand ( 17), then the fifth pulley (27) is fixed on the horizontal top plate (4);
    (b)锚板(13)竖向埋设时，在明确锚板(13)竖向位置后，调整第三滑轮(28)位置，使第三滑轮(28)轮轨下侧相切于钢绞线(17)，然后将第三滑轮(28)固定于所述模型箱(2)侧壁，第五滑轮(27)的竖向位置与第三滑轮(28)保持一致；(b) When the anchor plate (13) is buried vertically, after determining the vertical position of the anchor plate (13), adjust the position of the third pulley (28) so that the lower side of the third pulley (28) is tangent to the steel strand line (17), then the third pulley (28) is fixed on the side wall of the mold box (2), and the vertical position of the fifth pulley (27) is consistent with the third pulley (28);
    (c)锚板(13)以一定倾角埋设时，将倾角θ定义为与锚板(13)连接的钢绞线(17)与竖向之间的夹角，倾角θ＇为第三滑轮(28)移动至竖向滑移轨道(12)最顶端时，与锚板(13)连接的钢绞线(17)与竖向之间的夹角，第五滑轮(27)和第三滑轮(28)的相对位置为：(c) When the anchor plate (13) is buried with a certain inclination angle, the inclination angle θ is defined as the angle between the steel strand (17) connected to the anchor plate (13) and the vertical, and the inclination angle θ' is the third pulley ( 28) When moving to the top of the vertical sliding track (12), the angle between the steel strand (17) connected to the anchor plate (13) and the vertical, the fifth pulley (27) and the third pulley ( 28) The relative position is:
    c1：当0°＜θ≤θ′时，通过第一垫板(10)和第一螺母(11)将第五滑轮(27)固定于第四滑轮(26)左侧L cc处，其中 c1: When 0°<θ≤θ′, the fifth pulley (27) is fixed at L cc on the left side of the fourth pulley (26) through the first backing plate (10) and the first nut (11), where
    L cc＝H tanθ-R/sinθ+R； L cc =H tanθ-R/sinθ+R;
    c2：当θ′＜θ≤90°时，以模型箱(2)左侧壁上缘为初始位置，将第三滑轮(28)固定于初始位置以下H c处，其中 c2: When θ′<θ≤90°, take the upper edge of the left wall of the model box (2) as the initial position, and fix the third pulley (28) at H c below the initial position, where
    H c＝(H-h 1)-(L cm+t m+L ma)tanθ， H c =(Hh 1 )-(L cm +t m +L ma )tanθ,
    第五滑轮(27)的竖向位置与第三滑轮(28)保持一致；此处The vertical position of the 5th pulley (27) keeps consistent with the 3rd pulley (28); Here
    Figure PCTCN2022082666-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2022082666-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2022082666-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2022082666-appb-100002
    上式中，h 1为第五滑轮(27)几何中心至模型箱(2)上缘距离，h 2为锚板(13)重心至土样上表面距离，h 3为土样高度，h 4为模型箱(2)内侧的高度，t a为锚板(13)厚度，R为第四滑轮(26)半径，第四滑轮(26)、第五滑轮(27)和第三滑轮(28)直径相同，L′为θ＝θ′时第五滑轮(27)相对于θ＝0°时第五滑轮(27)的水平距离，L cm为第三滑轮(28)几何中心至模型箱(2)侧壁(19)外侧水平距离，t m为模型箱(2)的侧壁(19)厚度，L ma为模型箱(2)侧壁(19)内侧至锚板(13)重心的水平距离。 In the above formula, h1 is the distance from the geometric center of the fifth pulley (27) to the upper edge of the model box (2), h2 is the distance from the center of gravity of the anchor plate (13) to the upper surface of the soil sample, h3 is the height of the soil sample, h4 For the height of the inside of the model box (2), t a is the thickness of the anchor plate (13), R is the radius of the fourth pulley (26), the fourth pulley (26), the fifth pulley (27) and the third pulley (28) The diameters are the same, L' is the horizontal distance of the fifth pulley (27) when θ=θ' relative to the fifth pulley (27) when θ=0°, and L cm is the geometric center of the third pulley (28) to the model box (2 ) side wall (19) outside horizontal distance, t m is the side wall (19) thickness of the model box (2), L ma is the horizontal distance from the inside of the model box (2) side wall (19) to the center of gravity of the anchor plate (13) .
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