WO2023092757A1 - 电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电设备 - Google Patents

电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023092757A1
WO2023092757A1 PCT/CN2021/139353 CN2021139353W WO2023092757A1 WO 2023092757 A1 WO2023092757 A1 WO 2023092757A1 CN 2021139353 W CN2021139353 W CN 2021139353W WO 2023092757 A1 WO2023092757 A1 WO 2023092757A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tab
main body
end cover
battery cell
electrode terminal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/139353
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许虎
黄思应
赵丰刚
钟学奇
李星
牛少军
朱文琪
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202180095241.7A priority Critical patent/CN116941120A/zh
Priority to EP21965477.9A priority patent/EP4318780A1/en
Publication of WO2023092757A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023092757A1/zh
Priority to US18/428,650 priority patent/US20240178493A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/179—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/184—Sealing members characterised by their shape or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H01M50/188—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members the sealing members being arranged between the lid and terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/536—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/545—Terminals formed by the casing of the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/559—Terminals adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round, elliptic or button cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/564—Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process
    • H01M50/566—Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process by welding, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, relates to a battery cell, a manufacturing method and manufacturing equipment thereof, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • the present application provides a battery cell and its manufacturing method and manufacturing equipment, battery and electrical equipment, which can improve the energy density and safety of the battery cell.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, which includes a casing, an end cover, an electrode terminal, an electrode assembly, and an insulating member.
  • the casing has an opening, the end cover is used to cover the opening, and the electrode terminal is insulated and connected with the end cover.
  • the electrode assembly is accommodated in the casing and includes a main body, a first tab and a second tab, the first tab and the second tab have opposite polarities and are arranged on the same side of the main body facing the end cap, the first tab One of the tab and the second tab is used for electrical connection with the end cap, and the other is used for electrical connection with the electrode terminal.
  • the insulator is at least partially located between the first tab and the second tab and abuts against the main body along the thickness direction of the end cover.
  • the second tab and the first tab are located on the same side of the main body, so that the tabs are on the same side of the main body, saving the space inside the battery cell, and the housing can provide more space for the main body , which is conducive to improving the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the insulator is at least partly located between the first tab and the second tab, and the insulator separates the first tab from the second tab, thereby reducing the short circuit caused by the contact between the first tab and the second tab. risk and improve the safety of battery cells.
  • the insulator abuts against the main part along the thickness direction of the end cover, which can reduce the movable space of the main part in the casing, restrict the movement of the main part in the casing along the thickness direction, and reduce the first pole lug and the second pole lug. Risk of tearing when the battery cell is shaken.
  • At least a portion of the insulator is sandwiched between the electrode terminal and the end cap.
  • the insulator is clamped by the electrode terminal and the end cap to realize the fixation of the insulator and reduce the sway of the insulator in the casing, so that the insulator can effectively limit the sway of the main body.
  • the insulating member includes a first insulating part, and at least part of the first insulating part is located between the first tab and the second tab to separate the first tab and the second tab. In the thickness direction of the end cap, the first insulating portion abuts against the main body portion and the end cap.
  • the end cover restricts the movement of the main body along the thickness direction through the first insulating part. While separating the first tab and the second tab, the first insulating part also plays a very good position-limiting role on the main body, restricting the movement of the main body along the thickness direction of the end cover in the housing, further Reduces the risk of failure of the first tab as well as the risk of failure of the second tab.
  • the first insulating part is a ring structure extending along the circumference of the electrode terminal.
  • the ring-shaped first insulating part can insulate and isolate the first tab and the second tab as much as possible, thereby improving safety.
  • the insulator further includes a second insulating part at least partially located between the electrode terminal and the end cap to insulate the electrode terminal and the end cap.
  • the insulating member realizes the insulation between the electrode terminal and the end cover while realizing the insulation between the first pole lug and the second pole lug.
  • the first insulating part and the second insulating part are integrally formed.
  • the insulating part has good integrity and is easy to install. Since the electrode terminal and the end cover are insulated and connected through the second insulating part, when the second insulating part is jointly limited by the electrode terminal and the end cover, the first insulating part is not easy to be displaced in the housing, so that the first insulating part always maintains At the position separating the first tab and the second tab.
  • the insulator is pressed against the main body so that a surface of the main body facing the end cap forms a recessed structure.
  • the isolation film of the main body is deformed under the extrusion of the insulator to form a concave structure.
  • the compressed area of the separator becomes tighter, and the distance between the insulator and the pole piece is closer, so that when the battery cell vibrates, the separator is further compressed under the extrusion of the insulator The degree will be reduced, thereby reducing the vibration amplitude of the electrode assembly.
  • the depth of the recessed structure is 0.01mm-5mm.
  • the greater the depth of the concave structure the smaller the distance between the insulator and the pole piece.
  • the buffering effect of the separator is smaller, the greater the force on the pole piece, and the risk of the active material on the pole piece falling off.
  • limiting the depth of the concave structure to 0.01mm-5mm can effectively balance the pressure on the pole piece and the vibration amplitude of the main body, thereby improving the usability and safety performance of the electrode assembly.
  • the maximum distance between the part of the insulating member located between the first tab and the second tab and the first tab is less than or equal to 5mm.
  • the first tab will be deformed when being squeezed, thereby causing the risk of the first tab being inserted into the main body.
  • the distance between the part of the insulating member between the first tab and the second tab and the first tab is relatively small, and the insulating member can effectively support the first tab and reduce the deformation of the first tab. To a certain extent, the risk of the first tab being inserted into the main body is reduced, and the safety is improved.
  • a portion of the insulating member located between the first tab and the second tab abuts against the first tab to support the first tab.
  • the insulator is in contact with the first tab to effectively support the first tab, reduce the degree of deformation of the first tab, reduce the risk of the first tab being inserted into the main body, and improve safety.
  • the casing includes a casing body and a support portion protruding from an inner surface of the casing body, and the support portion is disposed on a side of the end cap facing the electrode assembly and used to support the end cap.
  • the support part and the main body part are arranged at intervals, and the support part and the first tab do not overlap.
  • the support portion can limit the end cover in the thickness direction, so as to prevent the end cover from being excessively inserted into the housing.
  • the support part and the first tab do not overlap in the thickness direction, which can avoid interference between the support part and the first tab, prevent the support part from pressing the first tab, and reduce deformation of the first tab.
  • the minimum distance between the first tab and the top end of the support portion is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm.
  • the above solution can reduce the risk of contact between the first tab and the supporting part due to assembly errors.
  • the main body is a coiled structure, and the main body is provided with a central hole at the center of the coil. In the radial direction of the main body, the minimum distance between the second tab and the central hole is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm.
  • the central hole can be used as a channel for the flow of electrolyte, which can improve the wettability of the electrode assembly; when gas is generated inside the battery cell due to thermal runaway, the central hole can also be used as a channel for the flow of gas, allowing the gas to pass through quickly.
  • the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell discharges, reducing safety risks.
  • This embodiment can ensure the minimum distance between the second tab and the central hole, which can reduce the risk of the second tab blocking the central hole due to deformation.
  • both the first tab and the second tab are ring structures, and the first tab surrounds the outside of the second tab.
  • the first tab has an annular structure, which is convenient for forming the first tab and facilitates large-area flow between the first tab and the end cap.
  • the second tab has a ring structure, which is convenient for forming the second tab, and is beneficial to realize large-area overcurrent between the second tab and the electrode terminal.
  • the first tab is used for electrical connection with the end cap, and the second tab is used for electrical connection with the electrode terminal.
  • the first tab is directly connected to the end cap, so as to realize the electrical connection between the first tab and the end cap.
  • the end cover is directly connected to the first tab, and there is no need to arrange a current collecting member between the end cover and the first tab to realize electrical connection, which can free up more space for the main body.
  • the first tab is welded to the end cap.
  • the end cover is welded to the first pole lug, so that the end cover is stably connected to the first pole lug, and a stable overcurrent between the end cover and the first pole lug is ensured.
  • the battery cells are cylindrical battery cells.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, including a plurality of battery cells provided in any embodiment of the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electric device, including the battery in the second aspect, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell, including: providing an electrode assembly, including a main body, a first tab and a second tab, and the polarity of the first tab and the second tab is On the contrary and arranged on the same side of the main body; provide a casing, the casing has an opening; install the electrode assembly in the casing; provide an end cover, an electrode terminal and an insulator, the electrode terminal is insulated and connected to the end cover, and the insulator is arranged on the end cover Cover; cover the end cover to the opening, and electrically connect one of the first pole ear and the second pole ear to the end cover, and the other is used to electrically connect to the electrode terminal; wherein, the first pole ear and the second pole ear The two pole lugs are disposed on the same side of the main body facing the end cover, and at least part of the insulator is located between the first pole lug and the second pole lug and abuts against the main body along the thickness direction of
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell manufacturing equipment, including: a first providing device for providing an electrode assembly, including a main body, a first tab and a second tab, the first tab The polarity of the second tab is opposite and it is arranged on the same side of the main body; the second providing device is used to provide the casing, and the casing has an opening; the first assembly device is used to install the electrode assembly into the casing; the third Provide a device for providing an end cover, an electrode terminal and an insulator, the electrode terminal is insulated and connected to the end cover, and the insulator is arranged on the end cover; the second assembly device is used for closing the end cover to the opening and placing the first pole One of the lug and the second lug is electrically connected to the end cap, and the other is used to electrically connect to the electrode terminal; wherein, the first lug and the second lug are arranged on the same side of the main body facing the end cap, At least part of the insulating member is located between the first tab and the
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery cell shown in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a partial view of the battery cell shown in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged view of the battery cell A shown in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 7 at the circle B;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic block diagram of a manufacturing device for a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • connection In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection” and “attachment” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be internal communication between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.
  • the same reference numerals represent the same components, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments. It should be understood that the thickness, length, width and other dimensions of the various components in the embodiments of the application shown in the drawings, as well as the overall thickness, length and width of the integrated device, are for illustrative purposes only, and should not constitute any limitation to the application .
  • “Plurality” in this application refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary battery cells, lithium-ion primary battery cells, lithium-sulfur battery cells, sodium-lithium-ion battery cells, sodium-ion battery cells, or magnesium-ion battery cells, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • Batteries generally include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer. Fluid, the positive electrode current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, or lithium manganese oxide.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer. Fluid, the negative electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the material of the isolation film may be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell In a battery cell, the battery cell generally includes a casing, an electrode assembly and an end cover. Ions, such as lithium ions, move between the positive and negative tabs of the electrode assembly to generate electricity.
  • the battery cell generally has two output poles with opposite polarities to output the electric energy of the battery cell.
  • the casing and the electrode terminals provided on the end cap are respectively used as two output poles of the battery cell, and the two tabs with opposite polarities of the electrode assembly are electrically connected to the casing and the tabs respectively.
  • the two tabs with opposite polarities of the electrode assembly are respectively located at both ends of the main body of the electrode assembly, one tab is electrically connected to the electrode terminal, and the other tab is electrically connected to the opposite end of the housing and the end cap, Both tabs occupy part of the space inside the case, so that the space inside the case that can be provided to the main body of the electrode assembly is reduced, resulting in a decrease in the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the inventor tried to arrange the two tabs of the electrode assembly at the same end of the electrode assembly to save the internal space of the battery cell.
  • the casing can provide more space for the main body of the electrode assembly, which is conducive to lifting the battery cell.
  • the energy density of the body is the greatest.
  • the two tabs of the electrode assembly should have sufficient overcurrent areas. Due to the limited size of the electrode assembly, when the two tabs are led out from the same end of the electrode assembly, in order to ensure the flow area of each tab, the distance between the two tabs will be relatively small. When the battery cell is subjected to vibration and shock, the two tabs may be deformed and overlapped, resulting in a short circuit and a safety risk.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a technical solution, in which the battery cell includes a casing, an end cover, an electrode terminal, an electrode assembly and an insulator.
  • the shell has an opening, the end cap is used to cover the opening, and the electrode terminal is insulated and connected with the end cap.
  • the electrode assembly is accommodated in the casing and includes a main body, a first tab and a second tab, the first tab and the second tab have opposite polarities and are arranged on the same side of the main body facing the end cap, the first tab One of the tab and the second tab is used for electrical connection with the end cap, and the other is used for electrical connection with the electrode terminal.
  • the insulator is at least partially located between the first tab and the second tab and abuts against the main body along the thickness direction of the end cover.
  • the insulator in the technical solution can separate the first tab and the second tab, thereby reducing the risk of a short circuit caused by contact between the first tab and the second tab, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • the insulator abuts against the main body along the thickness direction of the end cover, which can limit the main body and restrict the movement of the main body in the housing along the thickness direction of the end cover, thereby lowering the first tab and the second pole. Risk of ear tearing when the battery cell is shaken.
  • Electrical devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles;
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.;
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.;
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, electric planers, and more.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not impose special limitations on the above electric equipment.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 100 is disposed inside a vehicle 1000 , and the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 instead of or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a box body 10 and a battery cell 20 , and the box body 10 is used to accommodate the battery cell 20 .
  • the box body 10 is a component for accommodating the battery cells 20 , and the box body 10 provides a storage space for the battery cells 20 , and the box body 10 can adopt various structures.
  • the box body 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12 , and the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other to define an accommodating space for accommodating the battery cells 20 .
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as cuboid, cylinder and so on.
  • the first part 11 can be a hollow structure with one side open, and the second part 12 can also be a hollow structure with one side open.
  • the open side of the second part 12 is covered with the open side of the first part 11 to form a box with accommodating space.
  • first part 11 is a hollow structure with one side open
  • second part 12 is a plate-like structure
  • the second part 12 covers the open side of the first part 11 to form a box body 10 with a receiving space.
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be sealed by a sealing element, and the sealing element can be a sealing ring, a sealant, or the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be one or a plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel, and the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are both in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then a plurality of battery modules may be connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a whole and accommodated in the box 10 . It is also possible that all the battery cells 20 are directly connected in series, parallel or mixed together, and then all the battery cells 20 are housed in the case 10 as a whole.
  • the battery 100 may further include a confluence component, through which the plurality of battery cells 20 may be electrically connected, so as to realize series connection, parallel connection or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the bus component may be a metal conductor, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and the like.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 may include a casing 21 , an electrode assembly 22 , an end cap 23 and an electrode terminal 24 .
  • the casing 21 is a component for accommodating the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the casing 21 may be a hollow structure with an opening formed at one end, or the casing 21 may be a hollow structure with two openings.
  • the housing 21 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, and the like.
  • the housing 21 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid and so on. Exemplarily, in FIG. 3 , the housing 21 is a cylinder.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is a part where electrochemical reactions occur in the battery cell 20 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 may include a main body part 221 and a first tab 222 and a second tab 223 with opposite polarities. Both the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 protrude from the main part 221.
  • the second tab 223 may be disposed on the same side of the main body 221 , one of the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 is a positive tab, and the other is a negative tab.
  • the body part 221 may include a portion of the positive electrode tab coated with the active material layer, a portion of the negative electrode tab coated with the active material layer, and a separator.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may be a wound structure formed by winding the positive electrode sheet, the separator and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may also be a stacked structure formed by stacking the positive pole piece, the separator and the negative pole piece.
  • the main body part 221 may be the part of the electrode assembly 22 corresponding to the area where the pole piece is coated with the active material layer, the positive tab may be the part of the positive pole piece not coated with the active material layer, and the negative pole tab may be the part where the negative pole piece is not coated with the active material layer. The part where the active material layer is coated.
  • the end cap 23 is a component that covers the opening of the casing 21 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the end cap 23 covers the opening of the casing 21 , and the end cap 23 and the casing 21 jointly define a sealed space for accommodating the electrode assembly 22 and the electrolyte.
  • the end cover 23 can form a sealing connection with the housing 21 through a seal.
  • the shape of the end cap 23 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 21.
  • the housing 21 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure
  • the end cap 23 is a rectangular plate-shaped structure compatible with the housing 21.
  • the housing 21 is a cylinder.
  • the body structure, the end cover 23 is a circular plate-shaped structure suitable for the housing 21.
  • the material of the end cover 23 may also be various, for example, the end cover 23 may be made of metal, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy and the like.
  • the housing 21 is a hollow structure with an opening at one end, one end cover 23 is provided correspondingly; if the housing 21 is a hollow structure with openings at both ends, two end covers 23 are correspondingly provided with two end covers 23 respectively There are two openings in the housing 21.
  • the electrode terminal 24 is a part of the battery cell 20 for connection of an external part (such as a bus part) to output electric energy.
  • an external part such as a bus part
  • the end cover 23 may be electrically connected to the first tab 222, and the electrode terminal 24 provided on the end cover 23 is connected to the The second tab 223 is electrically connected, or the end cover 23 is electrically connected to the second tab 223, and the electrode terminal 24 arranged on the end cover 23 is electrically connected to the first tab 222, so that the same pole located in the housing 21
  • the end cap 23 and the electrode terminal 24 on the side serve as the output pole of the opposite polarity of the battery cell 20 .
  • the end cap 23 and the electrode terminal 24 can be insulated and connected to reduce the risk of positive and negative short circuit. It should be noted that, in the embodiment where there are two end caps 23 in the battery cell 20 , one end cap 23 may be provided with an electrode terminal 24 , and the other end cap 23 may not be provided with an electrode terminal 24 .
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery cell 20 shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a partial view of the battery cell 20 shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a partial enlarged view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 4 at the circle frame A .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 20 , which includes a casing 21 , an end cap 23 , an electrode terminal 24 , an electrode assembly 22 and an insulator 25 .
  • the case 21 has an opening.
  • the end cap 23 is used to cover the opening.
  • the electrode terminal 24 is insulated and connected to the end cap 23 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 is accommodated in the housing 21 and includes a main body 221, a first tab 222 and a second tab 223, the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 have opposite polarities and are disposed on the facing end of the main body 221 On the same side of the cover 23 , one of the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 is used for electrical connection with the end cover 23 , and the other is used for electrical connection with the electrode terminal 24 .
  • the insulator 25 is at least partially located between the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 and abuts against the main body 221 along the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 .
  • the polarities of the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 are opposite, the first tab 222 may be a positive tab, the second tab 223 may be a negative tab, or the first tab 222 may be a negative tab,
  • the second tab 223 is a positive tab.
  • the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 may be a closed structure extending along the circumference of the housing 21, the first tab 222 may be located on the outer peripheral side of the second tab 223, or the second tab 223 Located on the outer peripheral side of the first tab 222 .
  • first tab 222 and the second tab 223 are annular structures, and the first tab 222 is located on the outer peripheral side of the second tab 223 , so that the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 are arranged in large and small rings.
  • first tab 222 and the second tab 223 may also be a strip structure, and the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 are arranged at the same end of the main body 221 at intervals.
  • the insulated connection between the electrode terminal 24 and the end cover 23 means that the electrode terminal 24 and the end cover 23 are insulated from each other after being connected, and charges cannot move from one to the other.
  • the first tab 222 may be electrically connected to the end cover 23, the second tab 223 may be electrically connected to the electrode terminal 24, or the second tab 223 may be electrically connected to the end cover 23, and the first tab 223 may be electrically connected to the end cover 23.
  • the tab 222 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 24 .
  • the tab electrically connected to the end cap 23 is referred to as the first tab 222
  • the tab electrically connected to the electrode terminal 24 is referred to as the second tab 223 .
  • the electrical connection between the end cover 23 and the first tab 222 means that the end cover 23 and the first tab 222 are in a connected state where charges can move from one to the other.
  • the end cover 23 and the first tab 222 can be directly connected to realize electrical connection with each other, for example, the end cover 23 and the first tab 222 are abutted, welded, etc.; the end cover 23 and the first tab 222 can also be connected indirectly To achieve electrical connection with each other, for example, the end cap 23 and the first tab 222 are connected through a current collecting member or conductive glue.
  • the electrical connection between the electrode terminal 24 and the second tab 223 means that the electrode terminal 24 and the second tab 223 are in a connected state where charges can move from one to the other.
  • the electrode terminal 24 and the second tab 223 may be directly connected, for example, the electrode terminal 24 and the second tab 223 are abutted or welded.
  • the electrode terminal 24 and the second tab 223 may also be connected indirectly, for example, the electrode terminal 24 and the second tab 223 are connected through a current collecting member or conductive glue.
  • the current collecting member referred to here is a conductor with electrical conductivity, which may be a disc-shaped current collecting plate, or a sheet-shaped adapter piece.
  • the housing 21 is a cylindrical structure with one end open, the end cap 23 is a circular structure, and the electrode terminal 24 is arranged at the center of the end cap 23 .
  • the insulating member 25 is a component separating the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 , and the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 are insulated and isolated by the insulating member 25 .
  • the insulating member 25 can be made of various materials, such as rubber, plastic and so on.
  • the insulator 25 is at least partly located between the first tab 222 and the second tab 223. It can be understood that the insulator 25 can be entirely located between the first tab 222 and the second tab 223, or it can be an insulator
  • the portion 25 is located between the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 .
  • the second tab 223 and the first tab 222 are located on the same side of the main body 221, so that the tabs are provided on the same side of the main body 221, saving the space inside the battery cell 20, and the casing 21 More space can be provided for the main body portion 221 , which is beneficial to increase the energy density of the battery cell 20 .
  • the insulator 25 is at least partly located between the first tab 222 and the second tab 223, and the insulator 25 separates the first tab 222 and the second tab 223, thereby reducing the The risk of short circuit caused by the contact of the dipole tabs 223 improves the safety of the battery cell 20 .
  • the insulator 25 abuts against the main body 221 along the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23, which can reduce the movement space of the main body 221 in the housing 21 and limit the movement of the main body 211 in the housing 21 along the thickness direction Z, Thereby reducing the risk of tearing of the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 when the battery cell 20 vibrates, the risk of electrical connection failure between the end cover 23 and the first tab 222 and the electrical connection between the electrode terminal 24 and the second tab 223 . Risk of connection failure.
  • the insulator 25 is at least partly located between the first tab 222 and the second tab 223, which can support the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 when the battery cell 20 vibrates, so as to limit the direction of the first tab 222.
  • the deformation of the second tab 223 and the deformation of the second tab 223 toward the first tab 222 is at least partly located between the first tab 222 and the second tab 223, which can support the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 when the battery cell 20 vibrates, so as to limit the direction of the first tab 222.
  • battery cell 20 is a cylindrical battery cell.
  • main body 221 of the electrode assembly 22 is a cylindrical structure.
  • both the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 are ring-shaped, and the first tab 222 surrounds the outside of the second tab 223 .
  • the first tab 222 is located on the outer peripheral side of the second tab 223 , and the inner peripheral surface of the first tab 222 and the outer peripheral surface of the second tab 223 are provided with a gap.
  • the first tab 222 is located on the outer peripheral side of the second tab 223, that is, in the thickness direction Z perpendicular to the end cover 23, the first tab 222 is closer to the housing 21 than the second tab 223 (shown in FIG. 5 ), the side wall of the housing 21 refers to the wall of the housing 21 parallel to the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 .
  • the inner peripheral surface of the first tab 222 refers to the inner surface of the first tab 222 parallel to the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23
  • the outer peripheral surface of the second tab 223 refers to the thickness of the second tab 223 and the end cover 23 Direction Z is parallel to the outside face.
  • first tab 222 and the second tab 223 are insulated and isolated by the insulating member 25, at least part of the insulating member 25 is arranged in the gap between the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 to separate the first tab 222 and the second tab 223.
  • the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 are insulated and isolated by the insulating member 25 .
  • Both the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 are closed structures extending along the circumference of the electrode terminal 24 and connected at both ends, such as a ring structure, a square ring structure, and the like.
  • the electrode terminal 24 can be installed on the end cover 23.
  • the middle position is convenient for connecting the electrode terminal 24 with an external component (such as a bus component).
  • first tab 222 and the second tab 223 are both annular structures
  • first tab 222 and the second tab 223 can be arranged coaxially. If the first tab 222 is located on the outer peripheral side of the second tab 223 , the first tab 222 forms an outer ring tab, and the second tab 223 forms an inner ring tab.
  • the first tab 222 has a ring structure, which is convenient for forming the first tab 222 and facilitates large-area flow between the first tab 222 and the end cover 23 .
  • the second tab 223 has a ring structure, which is convenient for forming the second tab 223 and facilitates large-area overcurrent between the second tab 223 and the electrode terminal 24 .
  • the first tab 222 is directly connected to the end cap 23 to realize the electrical connection between the first tab 222 and the end cap 23 .
  • the end cover 23 is directly connected to the first tab 222, and there is no need to arrange a current collecting member between the end cover 23 and the first tab 222 to realize the electrical connection, which can free up more space for the main body 221. .
  • the first tab 222 is welded to the end cover 23 .
  • the end cover 23 is welded to the first tab 222 , so that the end cover 23 is stably connected to the first tab 222 , ensuring stable flow between the end cover 23 and the first tab 222 .
  • the end cover 23 may be welded to the first tab 222 through penetration welding.
  • At least a portion of the insulator 25 is sandwiched between the electrode terminal 24 and the end cap 23 .
  • the electrode terminals 24 and the end caps 23 clamp at least part of the insulator 25 to achieve the fixation of the insulator 25 and reduce the shaking of the insulator 25 in the housing 21, so that the insulator 25 can effectively Vibration of the main body portion 211 is restricted.
  • the insulating member 25 includes a first insulating portion 251, and at least part of the first insulating portion 251 is located between the first tab 222 and the second tab 223, so as to separate the first tab 222 from the second tab. Ear 223. In the thickness direction Z of the end cap, the first insulating portion 251 abuts against the main body portion 221 and the end cap 23 .
  • the first insulating portion 251 is a part of the insulating member 25 separating the first tab 222 from the second tab 223 , and the first tab 222 is isolated from the first tab 222 through the first insulating portion 251 .
  • the first insulating portion 251 contacts both the end cover 23 and the main body 221 , so that the first insulating portion 251 is supported between the end cover 23 and the main body 221 in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 .
  • the first insulating portion 251 has a first face 2511 and a second face 2512 opposite to each other in the thickness direction Z of the end cap 23, and the first face 2511 and the second face 2512 respectively abut against the end cap 23 and the main body portion 221.
  • the end cover 23 restricts the main body portion 221 from moving along the thickness direction Z through the first insulating portion 251 .
  • the first insulating part 251 not only plays a role in separating the first tab 222 and the second tab 223, but also plays a very good role in limiting the main body part 221, and restricts the main part 221 from moving along the end of the housing 21.
  • the cover 23 moves in the thickness direction Z to further reduce the risk of electrical connection failure between the end cover 23 and the first tab 222 and the risk of electrical connection failure between the electrode terminal 24 and the second tab 223 .
  • the first insulating part 251 of the insulating member 25 is partially arranged between the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 .
  • the first insulating portion 251 is a ring structure extending along the circumference of the electrode terminal 24 .
  • the annular first insulating portion 251 can insulate and isolate the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 as much as possible, thereby improving safety.
  • the second tab 223 is located in the area surrounded by the first insulating part 251 .
  • the insulator 25 further includes a second insulating part 252 at least partially positioned between the electrode terminal 24 and the end cap 23 to insulate the electrode terminal 24 and the end cap 23 .
  • the second insulating portion 252 is at least partly located between the electrode terminal 24 and the end cap 23 to separate the electrode terminal 24 from the end cap 23 , so as to achieve an insulated connection between the electrode terminal 24 and the end cap 23 .
  • the second insulating part 252 is the part where the insulating member 25 separates the electrode terminal 24 from the end cover 23 .
  • the second insulating part 252 is provided to realize the insulating connection between the electrode terminal 24 and the end cover 23 .
  • the first insulating part 251 and the second insulating part 252 may be independent of each other, and there is no connection between them, or they may be connected to each other to form a whole.
  • the second insulating part 252 is configured to seal the electrode terminal 24 and the end cap 23 .
  • the second insulating portion 252 not only realizes the insulating connection between the electrode terminal 24 and the end cover 23 , but also realizes the sealing connection between the electrode terminal 24 and the end cover 23 .
  • the first insulating portion 251 of the insulating member 25 functions to separate the first tab 222 and the second tab 223, and the second insulating portion 252 of the insulating member 25 functions to separate the electrode terminal 24 from the end cap.
  • the insulator 25 not only plays the role of separating the first tab 222 and the second tab 223, but also plays the role of separating the electrode terminal 24 and the end cover 23.
  • the insulator 25 realizes the first While insulating between the tab 222 and the second tab 223 , insulation between the electrode terminal 24 and the end cover 23 is realized.
  • Both the first insulating part 251 and the second insulating part 252 may be annular structures extending along the circumference of the electrode terminal 24 , so that the insulating part 25 is disposed around the electrode terminal 24 .
  • the insulating member 25 can also separate the second tab 223 from the end cover 23, reducing the positive and negative results caused by the contact between the second tab 223 and the end cover 23. Risk of extreme short circuit.
  • the first insulating part 251 and the second insulating part 252 are integrally formed.
  • first insulating part 251 and the second insulating part 252 are integrally formed by integral molding, for example, cast molding.
  • the insulator 25 has good integrity and is easy to install. Since the electrode terminal 24 and the end cover 23 are insulated and connected through the second insulating part 252, when the second insulating part 252 is jointly limited by the electrode terminal 24 and the end cover 23, the first insulating part 251 is not easy to occur in the housing 21. Displacement, so that the first insulating part 251 always maintains the position separating the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 .
  • the battery cell 20 includes a case 21 , an electrode assembly 22 , an end cap 23 and an electrode terminal 24 .
  • the case 21 has an opening.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is used to be accommodated in the casing 21.
  • the electrode assembly 22 includes a main body 221, a first tab 222 and a second tab 223.
  • the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 have opposite polarities and are arranged on the main body. same side of part 221.
  • the end cap 23 is used to cover the opening and is electrically connected to the first tab 222 .
  • the electrode terminal 24 is insulated and connected to the end cover 23.
  • the electrode terminal 24 is provided with a first concave portion 241.
  • the first concave portion 241 is recessed from the side of the electrode terminal 24 away from the main body portion 221 toward the direction close to the main body portion 221.
  • the electrode terminal 24 has a first Connection part 242 .
  • the first connecting portion 242 is located between the first concave portion 241 and the second tab 223, and the first connecting portion 242 is used to connect the second tab 223 to realize the connection between the electrode terminal 24 and the second tab 223.
  • the dipole lug 223 is electrically connected.
  • the first recess 241 on the electrode terminal 24 can be a groove that is recessed from the end of the electrode terminal 24 away from the main body 221 toward the direction close to the main body 221 , and the depth direction of the first recess 241 is consistent with the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 .
  • the first concave portion 241 can be a straight groove structure whose dimension perpendicular to the depth direction is constant along the depth direction, such as the first concave portion 241 is a cylindrical groove;
  • the stepped structure whose size gradually decreases along the depth direction, for example, the first concave portion 241 is a stepped groove with a large top and a small bottom.
  • the first connection part 242 is the part where the electrode terminal 24 is connected to the second tab 223, and the part of the electrode terminal 24 located at the bottom of the first concave part 241 is the first connection part 242. It can also be understood that the electrode terminal 24 is provided with a second After a concave portion 241 , the remaining portion of the electrode terminal 24 corresponding to the first concave portion 241 is the first connecting portion 242 .
  • the electrode terminal 24 is provided with a first concave portion 241, and the first connection portion 242 of the electrode terminal 24 located between the first concave portion 241 and the second tab 223 is connected to the second tab 223 to realize the electrode terminal.
  • 24 is electrically connected to the first tab 222, because the second tab 223 is electrically connected to the end cover 23, and the second tab 223 and the first tab 222 are located on the same side of the main body 221, so that the main body 221 is simultaneously
  • the side tabs save the space inside the battery cell 20 , and the casing 21 can provide more space for the main body 221 , which is beneficial to increase the energy density of the battery cell 20 .
  • the electrode terminal 24 is located between the first concave portion 241 and the second tab 223 to form a first connection portion 242 , the part of the electrode terminal 24 at the bottom of the first concave portion 241 is the first connection portion 242 , through the first concave portion 241 Then, the area where the electrode terminal 24 is connected to the second tab 223 can be determined, so as to facilitate the accurate connection of the electrode terminal 24 to the second tab 223 .
  • the electrode terminal 24 has an abutment surface 243 facing the main body 221 in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23, the abutment surface 243 is used to abut against the second tab 223, and the electrode terminal 24 is located in the first recess.
  • a first connecting portion 242 is formed between the bottom surface 2411 of the body 241 and the abutting surface 243 .
  • the abutment surface 243 is the surface of the electrode terminal 24 that faces the main body 221 in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 and abuts against the second tab 223.
  • the abutment surface 243 may be an end surface of the end of the electrode terminal 24 that faces the main body 221,
  • the abutting surface 243 is used to abut against an end of the second tab 223 away from the main body portion 221 .
  • the contact between the abutting surface 243 and the second tab 223 means that the abutting surface 243 is in contact with the second tab 223 .
  • the electrical connection between the first connecting part 242 and the second tab 223 can be realized by the way that the abutting surface 243 abuts against the second tab 223 , or when the abutting surface 243 abuts against the second tab 223 , The first connecting portion 242 and the second tab 223 are fixed together, for example, the first connecting portion 242 is welded to the second tab 223 .
  • the bottom surface 2411 of the first recess 241 refers to the surface of the first recess 241 closest to the main body 221 in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 .
  • the first connection part 242 is the part of the electrode terminal 24 between the abutment surface 243 and the bottom surface 2411 of the first concave part 241. Two surfaces in the thickness direction Z.
  • the abutting surface 243 of the electrode terminal 24 is in contact with the second tab 223. On the one hand, it can ensure a larger flow area between the electrode terminal 24 and the second tab 223. On the other hand, The electrode terminal 24 is directly connected to the second tab 223, and there is no need to arrange a current collecting member to realize the electrical connection between the electrode terminal 24 and the second tab 223, so that more space can be vacated for the main body 221, which is conducive to lifting the battery cell. The energy density of the body 20.
  • the end cover 23 has an inner surface 231 facing the main body 221 in the thickness direction Z thereof, and the abutting surface 243 is flush with the inner surface 231 .
  • the inner surface 231 is a surface of the end cover 23 facing the main body 221 in the thickness direction Z and closest to the main body 221 .
  • the abutting surface 243 is flush with the inner surface 231 , that is, the abutting surface 243 is coplanar with the inner surface 231 .
  • the abutting surface 243 of the electrode terminal 24 is flush with the inner surface 231 of the end cover 23, which reduces the space occupied by the electrode terminal 24 of the housing 21 and frees up more space for the main body 221, which is conducive to lifting The energy density of the battery cell 20 .
  • the abutting surface 243 may be closer to the main body 221 than the inner surface 231 in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 , or the abutting surface 243 may be closer to the inner surface in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 .
  • the surface 231 is further away from the main body portion 221 .
  • a liquid injection hole 244 is provided on the first connecting portion 242 , and the liquid injection hole 244 communicates with the first concave portion 241 and the inside of the casing 21 .
  • the liquid injection hole 244 is a liquid injection channel for injecting electrolyte solution into the housing 21 .
  • the liquid injection hole 244 passes through the bottom surface 2411 of the first concave portion 241 and the abutting surface 243 of the electrode terminal 24 , thereby communicating the first concave portion 241 with the inside of the casing 21 .
  • the liquid injection hole 244 occupies a part of the bottom surface 2411 of the first concave portion 241.
  • the liquid injection hole 244 is located at the center of the bottom surface 2411 of the first concave portion 241, and the liquid injection hole 244 is opposite to the central hole of the electrode assembly 22. .
  • the liquid injection hole 244 can be in various shapes, such as circular, square and so on.
  • the electrolyte solution can be injected into the housing 21 through the liquid injection hole 244 , without providing the liquid injection hole 244 on the end cover 23 to enhance the strength of the end cover 23 .
  • the first connecting portion 242 is formed after the electrode terminal 24 is provided with the first concave portion 241 , the thickness of the first connecting portion 242 is small, and it is more convenient to arrange the liquid injection hole 244 .
  • the electrode terminal 24 includes a terminal body 245 and a limiting structure.
  • the first connecting portion 242 is formed on the terminal body 245 .
  • the limiting structure is disposed on the terminal main body 245 , and the limiting structure is used to limit the movement of the terminal main body 245 relative to the end cover 23 in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 .
  • the terminal main body 245 is a main part of the electrode terminal 24 , and the first connection part 242 is a part of the terminal main body 245 .
  • the terminal body 245 can be a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylinder, or the like.
  • the limiting structure is a part where the electrode terminal 24 cooperates with the end cover 23 to limit the movement of the terminal main body 245 along the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 .
  • the position-limiting structure plays a position-limiting role on the terminal main body 245, restricting the movement of the terminal main body 245 relative to the end cover 23 in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23, improving the firmness of the electrode terminal 24 connected to the end cover 23, and ensuring that the first connecting portion 242
  • the stability of the electrical connection with the second tab 223 reduces the risk of electrical connection failure between the first connecting portion 242 and the second tab 223 caused by the movement of the electrode terminal 24 relative to the end cover 23 .
  • the limiting structure includes a first limiting portion 246 and a second limiting portion 247 , and both the first limiting portion 246 and the second limiting portion 247 protrude from the outer peripheral surface of the terminal body 245 .
  • the end cover 23 has a stopper 232, and a through hole is provided on the stopper 232, and the terminal main body 245 is penetrated in the through hole.
  • the first limiter 246 and the second limiter The portions 247 are respectively located on two sides of the stopper portion 232 to limit the movement of the terminal body 245 in the thickness direction Z relative to the stopper portion 232 .
  • the first limiting portion 246 and the second limiting portion 247 are parts where the electrode terminal 24 cooperates with the end cover 23 to limit the terminal body 245 .
  • the stop portion 232 is a portion of the end cover 23 located between the first limiting portion 246 and the second limiting portion 247 in the thickness direction Z.
  • the first limiting portion 246 is used to limit the movement of the terminal body 245 relative to the stopper portion 232 toward the main body portion 221
  • the second limiting portion 247 is used to limit the movement of the terminal body 245 away from the main body portion 221 relative to the stopper portion 232 direction to move.
  • Both the first limiting portion 246 and the second limiting portion 247 can directly abut against the stopper portion 232, or indirectly abut against the stopper portion 232 through an intermediate piece, so as to limit the terminal body 245 relative to the terminal body 245 in the thickness direction Z.
  • the stopper 232 moves.
  • the first limiting part 246 , the terminal main body 245 and the second limiting part 247 jointly define a limiting groove, and the stopper part 232 is locked in the limiting groove, so as to realize the limiting of the electrode terminal 24 .
  • the first limiting portion 246 and the second limiting portion 247 may be annular structures extending along the circumference of the terminal body 245, the first limiting portion 246, the terminal body 245 and the second
  • the three limiting parts 247 jointly define an annular limiting groove.
  • the first limiting portion 246 and the terminal main body 245 may be integrally formed, or formed separately and then connected together.
  • the second limiting portion 247 and the terminal main body 245 may be integrally formed, or formed separately and then connected together.
  • different ways can be selected to install the electrode terminals 24 on the end cap 23 .
  • the first limiting part 246 and the terminal main body 245 are formed separately, and the second limiting part 247 and the terminal main body 245 are integrally formed.
  • the terminal main body 245 When installing the electrode terminal 24, the terminal main body 245 can first be inserted into the stopper In the through hole of part 232, the second limiting part 247 is connected (such as welding) to the terminal body 245, so that the electrode terminal 24 is installed on the end cover 23; for another example, the first limiting part 246 and the second limiting part 246
  • the position portions 247 are integrally formed with the terminal body 245 , and the electrode terminal 24 can be installed on the end cover 23 by riveting.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the terminal main body 245 refers to the outer surface of the terminal main body 245 parallel to the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 . Taking the terminal body 245 as a cylinder as an example, the outer peripheral surface of the terminal body 245 is the cylindrical outer surface of the terminal body 245 .
  • the terminal main body 245 is passed through the through hole of the stopper 232, and the first limiter 246 and the second limiter 247 are respectively located on both sides of the stopper 232, which limits the terminal body 245.
  • the movement in the axial direction (thickness direction Z of the end cover 23) also limits the movement of the terminal body 245 in the radial direction, realizes the position limitation of the electrode terminal 24, and ensures that the first connecting portion 242 of the electrode terminal 24 is in contact with the pole.
  • the stability of the earphone connection is provided to the axial direction (thickness direction Z of the end cover 23)
  • the limiting structure in the electrode terminal 24 is not limited to the above structure, for example, the limiting structure includes a protrusion protruding from the outer peripheral surface of the terminal body 245, and the protrusion It snaps and cooperates with the slot on the wall of the through hole provided on the stop portion 232 , so as to achieve the purpose of restricting the movement of the terminal body 245 along the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 .
  • the second insulating part 252 can be folded around the stopper part 232 of the end cover 23, and the stopper part 232 plays a good role in limiting the second insulating part 252, limiting the second insulating part. 252 moves in the thickness direction Z of the end cap 23 .
  • a part of the second insulating portion 252 is located between the first limiting portion 246 and the stopper portion 232;
  • a part of the second insulating part 252 is located between the second limiting part 247 and the stop part 232 ;
  • a part of the insulating member 25 is located between the hole wall of the through hole on the stop part 232 and the outer peripheral surface of the terminal body 245 .
  • the second limiting portion 247 is closer to the main body portion 221 than the first limiting portion 246, and the second insulating portion 252 is partially covered by the first limiting portion.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the position portion 246 further improves the insulation performance between the electrode terminal 24 and the end cover 23 .
  • the end cover 23 is provided with a second recess 233 , and the second recess 233 is recessed from a side of the end cover 23 away from the main body 221 toward a direction close to the main body 221 .
  • the end cover 23 has a second connection portion 234, which is located between the second concave portion 233 and the first tab 222 in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23, and the second connection portion 234 is used to connect the first pole Ear 222.
  • the second recess 233 on the end cover 23 can be a groove that is recessed from the end of the end cover 23 away from the main body 221 toward the direction close to the main body 221 , and the depth direction of the second recess 233 is consistent with the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 .
  • the second recess 233 on the end cap 23 can be one, for example, the second recess 233 is an annular groove distributed around the electrode terminal 24; the second recess 233 on the end cap 23 can be multiple, for example, a plurality of second The recesses 233 are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the electrode terminal 24 .
  • the second connection part 234 is the part where the end cover 23 is connected to the first tab 222, and the part of the end cover 23 located at the bottom of the second concave part 233 is the second connection part 234. It can also be understood that the end cover 23 is provided with a first After the second concave portion 233 , the remaining portion of the end cap 23 corresponding to the second concave portion 233 is the second connecting portion 234 .
  • the end cover 23 is located between the second concave portion 233 and the first tab 222 to form a second connection portion 234 connected to the first tab 222 , and the part of the end cover 23 at the bottom of the second concave portion 233 is the second connection portion 234
  • the connection area between the end cover 23 and the first tab 222 can be determined through the second recess 233 , so as to facilitate the accurate connection of the end cover 23 to the first tab 222 .
  • the first connecting portion 242 is welded to the second tab 223 .
  • the first connecting portion 242 may be welded to the second tab 223 by penetration welding.
  • the first connection portion 242 is welded to the second tab 223 , so that the electrode terminal 24 is stably connected to the first tab 222 , ensuring a stable overcurrent between the electrode terminal 24 and the second tab 223 .
  • the electrode terminal 24 is directly connected to the second tab 223 , and there is no need to arrange a current collecting member between the electrode terminal 24 and the second tab 223 to realize electrical connection, which can free up more space for the main body 221 .
  • the thickness of the first connection portion 242 of the electrode terminal 24 used for welding with the second tab 223 is relatively small relative to the thickness of other parts of the electrode terminal 24, which facilitates penetration welding.
  • the first connection portion 242 is welded to the second tab 223 to ensure the firmness of the electrode terminal 24 and the second tab 223 after welding.
  • the part of the solder mark formed by welding the first connecting portion 242 and the second tab 223 protruding from the first connecting portion 242 can be accommodated in the first concave portion 241, so as to avoid soldering of the electrode terminal 24 and external components (such as busbars). Components) are affected by the connection.
  • the thickness of the second connecting portion 234 of the end cover 23 used for welding with the first tab 222 is relatively smaller than that of other parts of the end cover 23, which is convenient for passing through.
  • the second connection portion 234 is welded to the first tab 222 by penetration welding, so as to ensure the firmness of the end cover 23 and the first tab 222 after welding.
  • the part of the welding mark formed by welding the second connecting part 234 and the first tab 222 protruding from the second connecting part 234 can be accommodated in the first concave part 241, so as to avoid welding the end cap 23 and external components (such as confluence). Components) are affected by the connection.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery cell provided by other embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 7 at the circle B.
  • the insulator 25 presses against the main body 221 , so that the surface of the main body 221 facing the end cap 23 forms a concave structure 2211 .
  • the surface of the main body portion 221 facing the end cap 23 is the surface formed by winding one end of the separator facing the end cap 23 .
  • the separator is a flexible membrane that deforms easily when stressed.
  • an interference design may be adopted, so that the isolation film is deformed under the extrusion of the insulating member 25 to form a concave structure 2211 .
  • the pressure-bearing area of the isolation film becomes tighter, and the distance between the insulator 25 and the pole piece is closer, so that when the battery cell 20 vibrates, the isolation film is squeezed by the insulator 25 The degree of further compression will be reduced by pressing down, thereby reducing the vibration amplitude of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the insulator 25 can insulate and separate the area of the first tab 222 covered by the isolation film from the area of the second tab 223 covered by the isolation film, thereby further reducing the distance between the first tab 222 and the second tab.
  • the safety of the dipole lug 223 is improved due to the risk of overlapping due to burrs, deformation or other reasons.
  • the first insulating part 251 presses against the main body part 221 and forms a concave structure 2211 .
  • the depth of the recessed structure 2211 is 0.01mm-5mm.
  • the depth of the recessed structure 2211 is 0.01mm, 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 3mm or 5mm.
  • the depth of the concave structure 2211 refers to the dimension of the concave structure 2211 in the thickness direction Z.
  • the inventors have tested and found that limiting the depth of the concave structure 2211 to 0.01mm-5mm can effectively balance the pressure on the pole piece and the vibration amplitude of the main body 221, thereby improving the usability and safety performance of the electrode assembly.
  • the depth of the recessed structure 2211 is 0.5mm-3mm.
  • the maximum distance between the portion of the insulating member 25 between the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 and the first tab 222 is less than or equal to 5 mm.
  • the first tab 222 will be deformed when being squeezed, thereby causing the risk of the first tab 222 being inserted into the main body 221 .
  • the distance between the part of the insulating member 25 between the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 and the first tab 222 is relatively small, and the insulating member 25 can effectively support the first tab 222 .
  • the degree of deformation of the first tab 222 is reduced, the risk of the first tab 222 being inserted into the main body 221 is reduced, and safety is improved.
  • At least part of the first insulating portion 251 is located between the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 .
  • the distance L1 between the part of the first insulating part 251 between the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 and the first tab 222 is 0.1mm-5mm, for example, L1 1mm-3mm.
  • the maximum distance between the portion of the first insulating portion 251 between the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 and the second tab 223 is less than or equal to 5 mm.
  • a portion of the insulating member 25 between the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 abuts against the first tab 222 to support the first tab 222 .
  • the first insulating portion 251 is opposed to the first tab 222 in the radial direction of the main body portion 221 .
  • the insulator 25 is against the first tab 222 to effectively support the first tab 222, reduce the degree of deformation of the first tab 222, and reduce the risk of the first tab 222 being inserted into the main body 221 , improve security.
  • a portion of the insulating member 25 between the first tab 222 and the second tab 223 abuts against the second tab 223 to support the second tab 223 .
  • the housing 21 includes a housing body 21a and a support portion 21b protruding from the inner surface of the housing body 21a, the support portion 21b is disposed on the side of the end cover 23 facing the electrode assembly 22 and is used to support the end cover 23 .
  • the support portion 21 b and the main body portion 221 are spaced apart, and the support portion 21 b and the first tab 222 do not overlap.
  • the support portion 21 b can limit the end cover 23 in the thickness direction Z, so as to prevent the end cover 23 from being excessively inserted into the housing 21 .
  • the support part 21b and the first tab 222 do not overlap in the thickness direction Z, which can avoid the interference between the support part 21b and the first tab 222, prevent the support part 21b from pressing the first tab 222, and reduce the size of the first tab 222 deformation.
  • the housing 21 is formed with a third recess 21c recessed from the inner surface of the housing body 21a at a position corresponding to the supporting portion 21b.
  • the third concave portion 21c and the support portion 21b may be formed by rolling the case 21 from the outside.
  • the housing 21 further includes a flange portion 21d connected to an end of the housing body 21a, and the flange portion 21d is located on a side of the end cover 23 away from the support portion 21b.
  • the support portion 21 b and the burring portion 21 d sandwich a part of the end cover 23 from both sides, so that the end cover 23 is fixed to the housing 21 .
  • the support portion 21b and the second tab 223 do not overlap either.
  • the first tab 222 surrounds the outer side of the second tab 223 , and in the radial direction of the main body portion 221 , the first tab 222 is closer to the support portion 21 b than the second tab 223 .
  • the minimum distance between the first tab 222 and the top end of the support portion 21 b is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm.
  • This embodiment can reduce the risk of contact between the first tab 222 and the supporting portion 21b due to assembly errors.
  • the maximum distance between the first tab 222 and the top end of the support portion 21 b is less than or equal to 5 mm.
  • the maximum distance between the first tab 222 and the top of the support portion 21 b is less than or equal to 5 mm, so as to ensure the flow capacity of the first tab 222 .
  • the distance between the first tab 222 and the top end of the support portion 21b is L2, and the value of L2 is 0.1mm-5mm.
  • the value of L2 is 0.3mm-3mm.
  • the main body portion 221 is a rolled structure, and the main body portion 221 is provided with a central hole 2212 at the center of the winding. In the radial direction of the main body portion 221 , the minimum distance between the second tab 223 and the central hole 2212 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm.
  • the central hole 2212 can be used as a channel for the electrolyte to flow, which can improve the wettability of the electrode assembly 22; when gas is generated inside the battery cell 20 due to thermal runaway, the central hole 2212 can also be used as a channel for the gas to flow.
  • the channel allows the gas to be quickly discharged through the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell 20, reducing safety risks.
  • This embodiment can ensure the minimum distance between the second tab 223 and the central hole 2212 , which can reduce the risk of the second tab 223 blocking the central hole 2212 due to deformation.
  • the maximum distance between the second tab 223 and the central hole 2212 is less than or equal to 5 mm.
  • the maximum distance between the second tab 223 and the central hole 2212 is less than or equal to 5 mm, so as to ensure the flow capacity of the first tab 222 .
  • the distance between the second tab 223 and the central hole 2212 is L3, and the value of L3 is 0.1 mm-5 mm.
  • the value of L3 is 1mm-5mm.
  • the minimum distance between the first tab 222 and the central hole 2212 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm.
  • the first tab 222 surrounds the outer side of the second tab 223 , and the second tab 223 is closer to the central hole 2212 than the first tab 222 .
  • the first insulating part 251 and the second insulating part 252 are independent of each other, and there is no connection between them.
  • the end cover 23 and the main body part 221 clamp the first insulating part 251 to realize the fixing of the first insulating part 251 .
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the manufacturing method of the battery cell in the embodiment of the present application includes:
  • an electrode assembly including a main body, a first tab and a second tab, the first tab and the second tab have opposite polarities and are arranged on the same side of the main body;
  • first tab and the second tab are arranged on the same side of the main body facing the end cover, at least part of the insulating member is located between the first tab and the second tab and abuts against the end cover along the thickness direction main body.
  • steps S100, S200, and S400 are executed in no particular order, and may also be executed simultaneously.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic block diagram of a manufacturing device for a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell manufacturing equipment 2000 of the embodiment of the present application includes a first providing device 2100 , a second providing device 2200 , a first assembling device 2300 , a third providing device 2400 and a second assembling device 2500 .
  • the first providing device 2100 is used to provide an electrode assembly, including a main body, a first tab and a second tab, the first tab and the second tab have opposite polarities and are disposed on the same side of the main body.
  • the second providing device 2200 is used for providing a casing, and the casing has an opening.
  • the first assembly device 2300 is used to install the electrode assembly into the casing.
  • the third providing device 2400 is used for providing an end cover, an electrode terminal and an insulating member, the electrode terminal is insulated and connected to the end cover, and the insulating member is arranged on the end cover.
  • the second assembly device 2500 is used to cover the end cover to the opening, and electrically connect one of the first tab and the second tab to the end cover, and the other is used to electrically connect to the electrode terminal.
  • the first tab and the second tab are disposed on the same side of the main body facing the end cover, at least part of the insulator is located between the first tab and the second tab and abuts against the main body along the thickness direction of the end cover .

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电设备。电池单体包括壳体、端盖、电极端子、电极组件和绝缘件。壳体具有开口，端盖用于盖合开口，电极端子与端盖绝缘连接。电极组件容纳于壳体内且包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，第一极耳和第二极耳极性相反且设置于主体部的面向端盖的同一侧，第一极耳和第二极耳中的一者用于与端盖电连接，另一者用于与电极端子电连接。绝缘件至少部分位于第一极耳和第二极耳之间并沿端盖的厚度方向抵靠于主体部。本申请能够提高电池单体的能量密度和安全性。

Description

电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2021年11月26日提交的、名称为“电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造方法和设备”的PCT专利申请PCT/CN2021/133705的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电设备。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术中，既需要考虑电池单体的安全性，也需要考虑电池单体性能的问题，电池单体的能量密度的大小影响着电池的性能。因此，如何提升电池单体的能量密度是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池单体及其制造方法和制造设备、电池以及用电设备，其能提高电池单体的能量密度和安全性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，其包括壳体、端盖、电极端子、电极组件和绝缘件。壳体具有开口，端盖用于盖合开口，电极端子与端盖绝缘连接。电极组件容纳于壳体内且包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，第一极耳和第二极耳极性相反且设置于主体部的面向端盖的同一侧，第一极耳和第二极耳中的一者用于与端盖电连接，另一者用于与电极端子电连接。绝缘件至少部分位于第一极耳和第二极耳之间并沿端盖的厚度方向抵靠于主体部。
上述方案中，第二极耳与第一极耳位于主体部的同一侧，从而实现主体部同侧出极耳，节约了电池单体内部的空间，壳体能够为主体部提供更多的空间，有利于提升电池单体的能量密度。绝缘件至少部分位于第一极耳与第二极耳之间，绝缘件对第一极耳和第二极耳起到分隔作用，从而降低因第一极耳和第二极耳接触而造成短路的风险，提高电池单体的安全性。绝缘件沿端盖的厚度方向抵靠于主体部，这样可以减 小主体部在壳体内的活动空间，限制主体部在壳体内沿厚度方向的移动，从而降低第一极耳和第二极耳在电池单体震动时撕裂的风险。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件的至少部分夹持于电极端子和端盖之间。
上述方案中，电极端子和端盖夹持绝缘件的至少部分，以实现绝缘件的固定，减小绝缘件在壳体内晃动，进而使绝缘件能有效地限制主体部的晃动。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件包括第一绝缘部，第一绝缘部的至少部分位于第一极耳和第二极耳之间，以分隔第一极耳和第二极耳。在端盖的厚度方向上，第一绝缘部抵靠于主体部和端盖。
上述方案中，端盖通过第一绝缘部限制主体部沿厚度方向移动。第一绝缘部在对第一极耳和第二极耳起到分隔作用的同时，还对主体部起到很好的限位作用，限制主体部在壳体内沿端盖的厚度方向移动，进一步降低第一极耳失效的风险以及第二极耳失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘部为沿电极端子的周向延伸的环形结构。
上述方案中，环形的第一绝缘部能够尽可能地将第一极耳和第二极耳绝缘隔离，从而提高安全性。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件还包括第二绝缘部，第二绝缘部的至少部分位于电极端子和端盖之间，以使电极端子和端盖绝缘。
上述方案中，绝缘件在实现第一极耳和第二极耳之间绝缘的同时，又实现了电极端子和端盖之间绝缘。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘部和第二绝缘部为一体成型结构。
上述方案中，绝缘件具有很好的整体性，便于安装。由于电极端子与端盖通过第二绝缘部绝缘连接，在第二绝缘部被电极端子和端盖共同限位的情况下，第一绝缘部不易在壳体内发生位移，使得第一绝缘部始终保持在将第一极耳和第二极耳分隔的位置。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件抵压主体部，以使主体部的面向端盖的表面形成凹陷结构。
上述方案中，主体部的隔离膜在绝缘件的挤压下变形并形成凹陷结构。在形成凹陷结构后，隔离膜的受压区域变得紧实，且绝缘件和极片之间的距离更近，这样，在电池单体震动时，隔离膜在绝缘件的挤压下进一步压缩的程度会减小，从而降低电极组件的震动幅度。
在一些实施例中，凹陷结构的深度为0.01mm-5mm。
凹陷结构的深度越大，绝缘件与极片之间的距离越小，在电池单体震动时，隔离膜的缓冲作用越小，极片受到的力越大，极片上的活性物质脱落的风险越高；凹陷结构的深度越小，隔离膜在电池单体震动时能被压缩的程度越大，主体部震动的幅度也就越大，极耳撕裂的风险越高。上述方案中，将凹陷结构的深度限定在0.01mm-5mm，可以有效地平衡极片受到的压力和主体部震动的幅度，从而提高电极组件的使用性能和安全性能。
在一些实施例中，在主体部的径向上，绝缘件的位于第一极耳和第二极耳之间 的部分与第一极耳的最大间距小于或等于5mm。
在电池单体的装配过程和使用过程中，第一极耳受到挤压时会出现变形，从而引发第一极耳***主体部的风险。在上述方案中，绝缘件的位于第一极耳和第二极耳之间的部分与第一极耳的间距较小，绝缘件能够有效地支撑第一极耳，减小第一极耳变形的程度，降低第一极耳***主体部的风险，提高安全性。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件的位于第一极耳和第二极耳之间的部分与第一极耳相抵，以支撑第一极耳。
上述方案中，绝缘件与第一极耳相抵，以有效地支撑第一极耳，减小第一极耳变形的程度，降低第一极耳***主体部的风险，提高安全性。
在一些实施例中，壳体包括壳本体和凸出于壳本体的内表面的支撑部，支撑部设置于端盖的面向电极组件的一侧并用于支撑端盖。在端盖的厚度方向上，支撑部和主体部间隔设置，且支撑部和第一极耳不重叠。
上述方案中，支撑部可以在厚度方向上对端盖进行限位，以避免端盖过度地***壳体内。支撑部和第一极耳在厚度方向上不重叠，这样可以避免支撑部和第一极耳干涉，防止支撑部挤压第一极耳，减小第一极耳的变形。
在一些实施例中，在主体部的径向上，第一极耳与支撑部的顶端的最小间距大于或等于0.1mm。
上述方案能够降低因装配误差而造成第一极耳与支撑部接触的风险。
在一些实施例中，主体部为卷绕结构，主体部在卷绕中心处设有中心孔。在主体部的径向上，第二极耳与中心孔的最小间距大于或等于0.1mm。
上述方案中，中心孔可作为电解液流动的通道，这样可以提高电极组件的浸润性；在电池单体内部因热失控而产气时，中心孔还可以作为气体流动的通道，使气体快速经由电池单体的泄压机构排出，降低安全风险。本实施例能够保证第二极耳与中心孔之间的最小间距，这样可以降低第二极耳因变形而遮挡中心孔的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳和第二极耳均为环形结构，且第一极耳环绕在第二极耳的外侧。
上述方案中，第一极耳为环形结构，便于第一极耳成型，有利于实现第一极耳与端盖之间的大面积过流。第二极耳为环形结构，便于第二极耳成型，有利于实现第二极耳与电极端子之间的大面积过流。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳用于与端盖电连接，第二极耳用于与电极端子电连接。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳直接连接于端盖，以实现第一极耳和端盖的电连接。
上述方案中，端盖与第一极耳直接连接，端盖与第一极耳之间无需设置集流构件来实现电连接，能够为主体部腾出更多的空间。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳焊接于端盖。端盖焊接于第一极耳，使得端盖与第一极耳稳定连接，保证端盖与第一极耳之间稳定过流。
在一些实施例中，电池单体为圆柱电池单体。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，包括多个第一方面任一实施例提供 的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电设备，包括第二方面的电池，电池用于提供电能。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：提供电极组件，包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，第一极耳和第二极耳极性相反且设置于主体部的同一侧；提供壳体，壳体具有开口；将电极组件安装到壳体内；提供端盖、电极端子和绝缘件，电极端子与端盖绝缘连接，绝缘件设置于端盖；将端盖盖合于开口，并将第一极耳和第二极耳中的一者与端盖电连接，另一者用于与电极端子电连接；其中，第一极耳和第二极耳设置于主体部的面向端盖的同一侧，绝缘件的至少部分位于第一极耳和第二极耳之间并沿端盖的厚度方向抵靠于主体部。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体的制造设备，包括：第一提供装置，用于提供电极组件，包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，第一极耳和第二极耳极性相反且设置于主体部的同一侧；第二提供装置，用于提供壳体，壳体具有开口；第一组装装置，用于将电极组件安装到壳体内；第三提供装置，用于提供端盖、电极端子和绝缘件，电极端子与端盖绝缘连接，绝缘件设置于端盖；第二组装装置，用于将端盖盖合于开口，并将第一极耳和第二极耳中的一者与端盖电连接，另一者用于与电极端子电连接；其中，第一极耳和第二极耳设置于主体部的面向端盖的同一侧，绝缘件的至少部分位于第一极耳和第二极耳之间并沿端盖的厚度方向抵靠于主体部。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的***图；
图4为图3所示的电池单体的剖视图；
图5为图4所示的电池单体的局部视图；
图6为图4所示电池单体A处的局部放大图；
图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的剖视示意图；
图8为图7所示的电池单体在圆框B处的放大示意图；
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的流程示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造设备的示意性框图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
10-箱体；11-第一部分；12-第二部分；20-电池单体；21-壳体；21a-壳本体；21b-支撑部；21c-第三凹部；21d-翻边部；22-电极组件；221-主体部；2211-凹 陷结构；2212-中心孔；222-第一极耳；223-第二极耳；23-端盖；231-内表面；232-止挡部；233-第二凹部；234-第二连接部；24-电极端子；241-第一凹部；2411-底面；242-第一连接部；243-抵靠面；244-注液孔；245-端子主体；246-第一限位部；247-第二限位部；25-绝缘件；251-第一绝缘部；2511-第一面；2512-第二面；252-第二绝缘部；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆；2000-制造设备；2100-第一提供装置；2200-第二提供装置；2300-第一组装装置；2400-第三提供装置；2500-第二组装装置；Z-厚度方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂 硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池单体为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
在电池单体中，电池单体一般包括壳体、电极组件和端盖，电极组件位于壳体内，端盖盖合于壳体，以为电极组件和电解液提供一个密闭空间，电池单体通过金属离子(如锂离子)在电极组件的正极极片和负极极片之间移动来产生电能。
电池单体一般具有两个极性相反的输出极，以输出电池单体的电能。目前，壳体和设置于端盖上的电极端子分别作为电池单体的两个输出极，电极组件的极性相反的两个极耳分别与壳体和极耳电连接。发明人发现，电极组件极性相反的两个极耳分别位于电极组件的主体部的两端，一个极耳与电极端子电连接，另一个极耳同壳体与端盖相对的一端电连接，两个极耳在壳体内均会占用壳体内部的一部分空间，使得壳体内部能够提供给电极组件的主体部的空间减小，造成电池单体的能量密度减少。
发明人尝试将电极组件的两个极耳设置在电极组件的同一端，以节约电池单体的内部空间，这样，壳体能够为电极组件的主体部提供更多的空间，有利于提升电池单体的能量密度。
为了保证过流能力，电极组件的两个极耳应具有足够的过流面积。由于电极组件的尺寸有限，所以在两个极耳从电极组件的同一端引出时，为了保证各极耳的过流面积，会造成两个极耳之间的间距较小。在电池单体受到震动冲击时，两个极耳可能会出现变形、搭接，从而造成短路，引发安全风险。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种技术方案，在该技术方案中，电池单体包括壳体、端盖、电极端子、电极组件和绝缘件。壳体具有开口，端盖用于盖合开口，电 极端子与端盖绝缘连接。电极组件容纳于壳体内且包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，第一极耳和第二极耳极性相反且设置于主体部的面向端盖的同一侧，第一极耳和第二极耳中的一者用于与端盖电连接，另一者用于与电极端子电连接。绝缘件至少部分位于第一极耳和第二极耳之间并沿端盖的厚度方向抵靠于主体部。本技术方案中的绝缘件能够分隔第一极耳和第二极耳，从而降低因第一极耳和第二极耳接触而造成短路的风险，从而提高电池单体的安全性。绝缘件沿端盖的厚度方向抵靠于主体部，这样可以对主体部起到限位作用，限制主体部在壳体内沿端盖的厚度方向的移动，从而降低第一极耳和第二极耳在电池单体震动时撕裂的风险。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。请参照图1，车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。
车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的结构示意图。请参照图2，电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，箱体10用于容纳电池单体20。
箱体10是容纳电池单体20的部件，箱体10为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，以限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第一部分11和第二部分12可以是多种形状，比如，长方体、圆柱体等。第一部分11可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分12也可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分12的开放侧盖合于第一部分11的开放侧，则形成具有容纳空间的箱体10。也可以是第一部分11为一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分12为板状结构，第二部分12盖合于第一部分11的开放侧，则形成具有容纳空间的箱体10。第一部分11与第二部分12可以通过密封元件来实现密封，密封元件可以是密封圈、密封胶等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是一个、也可以是多个。若电池单体20为多 个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。也可以是所有电池单体20之间直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将所有电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内。
在一些实施例中，电池100还可以包括汇流部件，多个电池单体20之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体20的串联或并联或混联。汇流部件可以是金属导体，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等。
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的***图。请参照图3，电池单体20可以包括壳体21、电极组件22、端盖23和电极端子24。
壳体21是用于容纳电极组件22的部件，壳体21可以是一端形成开口的空心结构，壳体21也可以是两端开口的空心结构。壳体21的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。壳体21可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。示例性的，在图3中，壳体21为圆柱体。
电极组件22是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。电极组件22可以包括主体部221和极性相反的第一极耳222和第二极耳223，第一极耳222和第二极耳223均凸出于主体部221，第一极耳222和第二极耳223可以设置在主体部221的同一侧，第一极耳222和第二极耳223一者为正极极耳，另一者为负极极耳。主体部221可以包括正极极片的涂覆有活性物质层的部分、负极极片的涂覆有活性物质层的部分和隔离膜。电极组件22可以是由正极极片、隔离膜和负极极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构。电极组件22也可以是由正极极片、隔离膜和负极极片通过层叠布置形成的层叠式结构。主体部221可以是电极组件22与极片涂覆有活性物质层的区域相对应的部分，正极极耳可以是正极极片未涂覆活性物质层的部分，负极极耳可以是负极极片未涂覆活性物质层的部分。
端盖23是盖合于壳体21的开口以将电池单体20的内部环境与外部环境隔绝的部件。端盖23盖合于壳体21的开口，端盖23与壳体21共同限定出用于容纳电极组件22和电解液的密封空间。端盖23可以通过密封件与壳体21形成密封连接。端盖23的形状可以与壳体21的形状相适配，比如，壳体21为长方体结构，端盖23为与壳体21相适配的矩形板状结构，再如，壳体21为圆柱体结构，端盖23为与壳体21相适配的圆形板状结构。端盖23的材质也可以是多种，示例性的，端盖23可以是金属材质，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
在电池单体20中，端盖23可以是一个，也可以是两个。若壳体21为一端形成开口的空心结构，端盖23则对应设置一个；若壳体21为两端形成开口的空心结构，端盖23则对应设置两个，两个端盖23分别盖合于壳体21的两个开口。
电极端子24是电池单体20用于外部部件(如汇流部件)连接以输出电能的部件。在第一极耳222和第二极耳223设置在主体部221的同一侧的实施例中，可以是端盖23与第一极耳222电连接，设置于端盖23上的电极端子24与第二极耳223电连接，也可以是端盖23与第二极耳223电连接，设置于端盖23上的电极端子24与第一极耳222电连接，从而使位于壳体21的同一侧的端盖23与电极端子24作为电池单体20的 极性相反的输出极。在这种情况下，端盖23与电极端子24可以绝缘连接，降低正负极短路的风险。需要说明的是，在电池单体20中的端盖23为两个的实施例中，可以是一个端盖23设置电极端子24，另一个端盖23未设置电极端子24。
图4为图3所示的电池单体20的剖视图；图5为图4所示的电池单体20的局部视图；图6为图4所示电池单体在圆框A处的局部放大图。
如图4至图6所示，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体20，其包括壳体21、端盖23、电极端子24、电极组件22和绝缘件25。壳体21具有开口。端盖23用于盖合开口。电极端子24与端盖23绝缘连接。电极组件22容纳于壳体21内且包括主体部221、第一极耳222和第二极耳223，第一极耳222和第二极耳223极性相反且设置于主体部221的面向端盖23的同一侧，第一极耳222和第二极耳223中的一者用于与端盖23电连接，另一者用于与电极端子24电连接。绝缘件25至少部分位于第一极耳222和第二极耳223之间并沿端盖23的厚度方向Z抵靠于主体部221。
第一极耳222和第二极耳223极性相反，可以是第一极耳222为正极极耳，第二极耳223为负极极耳，也可以是第一极耳222为负极极耳，第二极耳223为正极极耳。在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，第一极耳222和第二极耳223凸出于主体部221的同一端。第一极耳222和第二极耳223可以是沿壳体21的周向延伸的封闭结构，可以是第一极耳222位于第二极耳223的外周侧，也可以是第二极耳223位于第一极耳222的外周侧。比如，第一极耳222和第二极耳223为环形结构，第一极耳222位于第二极耳223的外周侧，使得第一极耳222和第二极耳223呈大小环设置。当然，第一极耳222和第二极耳223也可以是条状结构，第一极耳222和第二极耳223间隔布置于主体部221的同一端。
电极端子24与端盖23绝缘连接，是指电极端子24与端盖23连接后彼此绝缘，电荷无法从一者运动到另一者。
在本申请实施例中，可以是第一极耳222与端盖23电连接、第二极耳223与电极端子24电连接，也可以是第二极耳223与端盖23电连接，第一极耳222与电极端子24电连接。为了便于描述，下面以电连接于端盖23的极耳为第一极耳222，而电连接于电极端子24的极耳为第二极耳223。
端盖23与第一极耳222电连接，是指端盖23与第一极耳222处于电荷能够从一者运动到另一者的连接状态。端盖23与第一极耳222可以是直接连接实现彼此的电连接，比如，端盖23与第一极耳222抵接、焊接等；端盖23与第一极耳222也可以是间接连接实现彼此的电连接，比如，端盖23与第一极耳222通过集流构件或导电胶连接等。电极端子24与第二极耳223电连接，是指电极端子24与第二极耳223处于电荷能够从一者运动到另一者的连接状态。电极端子24与第二极耳223可以是直接连接，比如，电极端子24与第二极耳223抵接、焊接等。电极端子24与第二极耳223也可以是间接连接，比如电极端子24与第二极耳223通过集流构件或导电胶连接。这里所指的集流构件是具有导电能力的导体，可以是呈圆盘状的集流盘，也可以是呈片状的转接片。
示例性的，壳体21为一端开口的圆柱体结构，端盖23为圆形结构，电极端子 24设置于端盖23的中心位置。
绝缘件25是将第一极耳222和第二极耳223分隔的部件，通过绝缘件25将第一极耳222和第二极耳223绝缘隔离。绝缘件25可以是多种材质，比如橡胶、塑料等。绝缘件25至少部分位于第一极耳222与第二极耳223之间，可理解的，可以是绝缘件25全部位于第一极耳222与第二极耳223之间，也可以是绝缘件25部分位于第一极耳222与第二极耳223之间。
在本申请实施例中，第二极耳223与第一极耳222位于主体部221的同一侧，从而实现主体部221同侧出极耳，节约了电池单体20内部的空间，壳体21能够为主体部221提供更多的空间，有利于提升电池单体20的能量密度。绝缘件25至少部分位于第一极耳222与第二极耳223之间，绝缘件25对第一极耳222和第二极耳223起到分隔作用，从而降低因第一极耳222和第二极耳223接触而造成短路的风险，提高电池单体20的安全性。绝缘件25沿端盖23的厚度方向Z抵靠于主体部221，这样可以减小主体部221在壳体21内的活动空间，限制主体部211在壳体21内沿厚度方向Z的移动，从而降低第一极耳222和第二极耳223在电池单体20震动时撕裂的风险、端盖23与第一极耳222电连接失效的风险以及电极端子24与第二极耳223电连接失效的风险。
绝缘件25至少部分位于第一极耳222与第二极耳223之间，其能够在电池单体20震动时支撑第一极耳222与第二极耳223，以限制第一极耳222朝向第二极耳223的变形和第二极耳223朝向第一极耳222的变形。
在一些实施例中，电池单体20为圆柱电池单体。对应地，电极组件22的主体部221为圆柱结构。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳222和第二极耳223均为环形结构，且第一极耳222环绕在第二极耳223的外侧。
第一极耳222位于第二极耳223的外周侧，第一极耳222的内周面与第二极耳223的外周面间隙设置。
第一极耳222位于第二极耳223的外周侧，即在垂直于端盖23的厚度方向Z上，第一极耳222较第二极耳223更靠近壳体21(图5中示出)的侧壁，壳体21的侧壁是指壳体21与端盖23的厚度方向Z平行的壁。第一极耳222的内周面是指第一极耳222与端盖23的厚度方向Z平行的内侧面，第二极耳223的外周面是指第二极耳223与端盖23的厚度方向Z平行的外侧面。第一极耳222的内周面与第二极耳223的外周面间隙设置，即第一极耳222的内周面与第二极耳223的外周面存在间隙。在第一极耳222和第二极耳223通过绝缘件25实现绝缘隔离的实施例中，绝缘件25的至少部分布置在第一极耳222与第二极耳223的间隙内，以分隔第一极耳222和第二极耳223。
第一极耳222和第二极耳223均为沿电极端子24的周向延伸且首尾两端连接的封闭结构，比如，圆环结构、方环结构等。
由于第一极耳222位于第二极耳223的外周侧，且第一极耳222与端盖23连接，电极端子24与第二极耳223连接，可实现将电极端子24安装在端盖23的中间位置，便于电极端子24与外部部件(如汇流部件)连接。
在第一极耳222和第二极耳223均为环形结构的情况下，第一极耳222和第二 极耳223可以同轴设置。若第一极耳222位于第二极耳223的外周侧，第一极耳222形成外环极耳，第二极耳223形成内环极耳。
第一极耳222为环形结构，便于第一极耳222成型，有利于实现第一极耳222与端盖23之间的大面积过流。第二极耳223为环形结构，便于第二极耳223成型，有利于实现第二极耳223与电极端子24之间的大面积过流。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳222直接连接于端盖23，以实现第一极耳222和端盖23的电连接。
在本实施例中，端盖23与第一极耳222直接连接，端盖23与第一极耳222之间无需设置集流构件来实现电连接，能够为主体部221腾出更多的空间。
在一些实施例中，第一极耳222焊接于端盖23。
在本实施例中，端盖23焊接于第一极耳222，使得端盖23与第一极耳222稳定连接，保证端盖23与第一极耳222之间稳定过流。
示例性地，端盖23可以通过穿透焊的方式与第一极耳222焊接。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件25的至少部分夹持于电极端子24和端盖23之间。
在本实施例中，电极端子24和端盖23夹持绝缘件25的至少部分，以实现绝缘件25的固定，减小绝缘件25在壳体21内晃动，进而使绝缘件25能有效地限制主体部211的晃动。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件25包括第一绝缘部251，第一绝缘部251的至少部分位于第一极耳222和第二极耳223之间，以分隔第一极耳222和第二极耳223。在端盖的厚度方向Z上，第一绝缘部251抵靠于主体部221和端盖23。
第一绝缘部251为绝缘件25将第一极耳222与第二极耳223分隔的部分，通过第一绝缘部251来将第一极耳222与第一极耳222绝缘隔离。
第一绝缘部251既与端盖23接触，又与主体部221接触，使得第一绝缘部251在端盖23的厚度方向Z支撑于端盖23和主体部221之间。示例性地，第一绝缘部251在端盖23的厚度方向Z上具有相对的第一面2511和第二面2512，第一面2511和第二面2512分别抵靠于端盖23和主体部221。
在本实施例中，端盖23通过第一绝缘部251限制主体部221沿厚度方向Z移动。第一绝缘部251在对第一极耳222和第二极耳223起到分隔作用的同时，还对主体部221起到很好的限位作用，限制主体部221在壳体21内沿端盖23的厚度方向Z移动，进一步降低端盖23与第一极耳222电连接失效的风险以及电极端子24与第二极耳223电连接失效的风险。
示例性地，绝缘件25的第一绝缘部251部分布置在第一极耳222和第二极耳223之间。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘部251为沿电极端子24的周向延伸的环形结构。
在本实施例中，环形的第一绝缘部251能够尽可能地将第一极耳222和第二极耳223绝缘隔离，从而提高安全性。
示例性地，第二极耳223位于第一绝缘部251围成的区域内。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件25还包括第二绝缘部252，第二绝缘部252的至少部 分位于电极端子24和端盖23之间，以使电极端子24和端盖23绝缘。
第二绝缘部252至少部分位于电极端子24和端盖23之间，以分隔电极端子24和端盖23，实现电极端子24与端盖23绝缘连接。
第二绝缘部252为绝缘件25将电极端子24和端盖23分隔的部分，本实施例通过设置第二绝缘部252来实现电极端子24与端盖23绝缘连接。第一绝缘部251与第二绝缘部252两者可以彼此独立，两者并不存在任何连接关系，两者也可以是相互连接形成一个整体。示例性的，第二绝缘部252被配置为密封电极端子24和端盖23。第二绝缘部252既实现了电极端子24与端盖23绝缘连接，又实现了电极端子24与端盖23的密封连接。
在本实施例中，绝缘件25的第一绝缘部251起到分隔第一极耳222和第二极耳223的作用，绝缘件25的第二绝缘部252起到分隔电极端子24和端盖23的作用，也就是说，绝缘件25既起到分隔第一极耳222和第二极耳223的作用，又起到分隔电极端子24和端盖23的作用，绝缘件25在实现第一极耳222和第二极耳223之间绝缘的同时，又实现了电极端子24和端盖23之间绝缘。
第一绝缘部251和第二绝缘部252均可以是沿电极端子24的周向延伸的环形结构，使得绝缘件25环绕电极端子24设置。在第一绝缘部251与第二绝缘部252相互连接的情况下，绝缘件25还可以分隔第二极耳223和端盖23，降低因第二极耳223与端盖23接触而造成正负极短路的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘部251和第二绝缘部252为一体成型结构。
可理解的，第一绝缘部251和第二绝缘部252整体通过一体成型的方式成型，比如，浇筑成型。
在本实施例中，绝缘件25具有很好的整体性，便于安装。由于电极端子24与端盖23通过第二绝缘部252绝缘连接，在第二绝缘部252被电极端子24和端盖23共同限位的情况下，第一绝缘部251不易在壳体21内发生位移，使得第一绝缘部251始终保持在将第一极耳222和第二极耳223分隔的位置。
在一些实施例中，电池单体20包括壳体21、电极组件22、端盖23和电极端子24。壳体21具有开口。电极组件22用于容纳于壳体21内，电极组件22包括主体部221、第一极耳222和第二极耳223，第一极耳222和第二极耳223极性相反且设置于主体部221的同一侧。端盖23用于盖合于开口，并与第一极耳222电连接。电极端子24与端盖23绝缘连接，电极端子24设有第一凹部241，第一凹部241从电极端子24背离主体部221的一侧向靠近主体部221的方向凹陷，电极端子24具有第一连接部242。在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，第一连接部242位于第一凹部241和第二极耳223之间，第一连接部242用于连接第二极耳223，以实现电极端子24与第二极耳223电连接。
电极端子24上的第一凹部241可以是从电极端子24背离主体部221的一端向靠近主体部221的方向凹陷的凹槽，第一凹部241的深度方向与端盖23的厚度方向Z一致。第一凹部241可以是其在垂直于深度方向上的尺寸沿深度方向不变的直槽结构，比如第一凹部241为圆柱形槽；第一凹部241也可以是其在垂直于深度方向上的尺寸沿 深度方向逐渐减小的阶梯结构，比如，第一凹部241为上大下小的阶梯槽。
第一连接部242是电极端子24与第二极耳223连接的部分，电极端子24位于第一凹部241的底部的部分即为第一连接部242，也可以理解为，电极端子24上设置第一凹部241后，电极端子24与第一凹部241相对应的位置剩余的部分为第一连接部242。
在本申请实施例中，电极端子24设有第一凹部241，电极端子24位于第一凹部241与第二极耳223之间的第一连接部242与第二极耳223连接，实现电极端子24与第一极耳222的电连接，由于第二极耳223与端盖23电连接，且第二极耳223与第一极耳222位于主体部221的同一侧，从而实现主体部221同侧出极耳，节约了电池单体20内部的空间，壳体21能够为主体部221提供更多的空间，有利于提升电池单体20的能量密度。
此外，电极端子24位于第一凹部241与第二极耳223之间形成第一连接部242，电极端子24在第一凹部241的底部的部分即为第一连接部242，通过第一凹部241则可确定电极端子24与第二极耳223连接的区域，便于将电极端子24准确地连接于第二极耳223。
在一些实施例中，电极端子24具有在端盖23的厚度方向Z上面向主体部221的抵靠面243，抵靠面243用于与第二极耳223相抵，电极端子24在第一凹部241的底面2411与抵靠面243之间形成第一连接部242。
抵靠面243为电极端子24在端盖23的厚度方向Z上面向主体部221且与第二极耳223相抵的表面，抵靠面243可以是电极端子24面向主体部221的一端的端面，抵靠面243用于与第二极耳223背离主体部221的一端相抵。抵靠面243与第二极耳223相抵是指抵靠面243与第二极耳223保持接触。第一连接部242与第二极耳223之间可以是通过抵靠面243与第二极耳223相抵的方式实现电连接，也可以在抵靠面243第二极耳223相抵的情况下，第一连接部242与第二极耳223固定在一起，比如，第一连接部242与第二极耳223焊接。
第一凹部241的底面2411是指第一凹部241在端盖23的厚度方向Z上最靠近主体部221的面。第一连接部242为电极端子24在抵靠面243与第一凹部241的底面2411之间的部分，抵靠面243和第一凹部241的底面2411分别为第一连接部242在端盖23的厚度方向Z上的两个表面。
在本实施例中，电极端子24的抵靠面243与第二极耳223相抵，一方面，能够保证电极端子24与第二极耳223之间具有较大的过流面积，另一方面，使得电极端子24与第二极耳223直接连接，无需设置集流构件来实现电极端子24与第二极耳223的电连接，能够为主体部221腾出更多的空间，有利于提升电池单体20的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，端盖23具有在其厚度方向Z上面向主体部221的内表面231，抵靠面243与内表面231平齐。
内表面231为端盖23在厚度方向Z上面向主体部221且最靠近主体部221的表面。抵靠面243与内表面231平齐，即抵靠面243与内表面231共面。
在本实施例中，电极端子24的抵靠面243与端盖23的内表面231平齐，减少 电极端子24占用壳体21的空间，以为主体部221腾出更多的空间，有利于提升电池单体20的能量密度。
在其他实施例中，也可以是抵靠面243在端盖23的厚度方向Z上较内表面231更靠近主体部221，还可以是抵靠面243在端盖23的厚度方向Z上较内表面231更远离主体部221。
在一些实施例中，第一连接部242上设有注液孔244，注液孔244连通第一凹部241和壳体21的内部。
注液孔244是向壳体21内部注入电解液的注液通道。注液孔244贯穿第一凹部241的底面2411和电极端子24的抵靠面243，从而将第一凹部241和壳体21的内部连通。注液孔244占用了第一凹部241的底面2411的一部分区域，示例性的，注液孔244位于第一凹部241的底面2411的中心位置，注液孔244与电极组件22的中心孔相对设置。注液孔244可以是多种形状，比如圆形、方形等。
通过注液孔244能够向壳体21内部注入电解液，无需在端盖23上设置注液孔244，增强端盖23的强度。此外，第一连接部242由电极端子24设置第一凹部241以后形成，第一连接部242的厚度较小，更方便布置注液孔244。
在一些实施例中，电极端子24包括端子主体245和限位结构。第一连接部242形成于端子主体245。限位结构设置于端子主体245，限位结构用于限制端子主体245在端盖23的厚度方向Z上相对于端盖23移动。
端子主体245是电极端子24的主体部分，第一连接部242为端子主体245的一部分。端子主体245可以长方体、圆柱体等。限位结构是电极端子24与端盖23配合来限制端子主体245沿端盖23的厚度方向Z移动的部分。
限位结构对端子主体245起到限位作用，限制端子主体245在端盖23厚度方向Z上相对端盖23移动，提高电极端子24连接于端盖23的牢固性，保证第一连接部242与第二极耳223电连接的稳定性，降低因电极端子24相对端盖23移动而造成第一连接部242与第二极耳223电连接失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，限位结构包括第一限位部246和第二限位部247，第一限位部246和第二限位部247均凸出于端子主体245的外周面。端盖23具有止挡部232，止挡部232上设有通孔，端子主体245穿设于通孔内，在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，第一限位部246和第二限位部247分别位于止挡部232的两侧，以限制端子主体245在厚度方向Z上相对于止挡部232移动。
第一限位部246和第二限位部247为电极端子24与端盖23配合来对端子主体245进行限位的部分。止挡部232为端盖23在厚度方向Z上位于第一限位部246和第二限位部247之间的部分。以第一限位部246位于止挡部232背离主体部221的一侧，第二限位部247位于止挡部232面向主体部221的一侧为例，在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，第一限位部246用于限制端子主体245相对止挡部232向靠近主体部221的方向移动，第二限位部247用于限制端子主体245相对止挡部232向远离主体部221的方向移动。第一限位部246和第二限位部247均可以直接抵靠于止挡部232，也可以通过中间件间接抵靠于止挡部232，以限制端子主体245在厚度方向Z上相对于止挡部232移 动。
第一限位部246、端子主体245和第二限位部247共同限定出限位槽，止挡部232卡于限位槽内，从而实现对电极端子24的限位。以端子主体245为圆柱体为例，第一限位部246和第二限位部247可以是沿着端子主体245的周向延伸的环形结构，第一限位部246、端子主体245和第二限位部247三者共同限定出呈环形的限位槽。
第一限位部246与端子主体245可以是一体成型结构，也可以是分体成型再连接在一起的结构。第二限位部247与端子主体245可以是一体成型结构，也可以是分体成型再连接在一起的结构。根据电极端子24的不同结构，可以选用不同的方式将电极端子24安装于端盖23上。比如，第一限位部246与端子主体245为分体成型结构，第二限位部247与端子主体245为一体成型结构，在安装电极端子24时，可以先将端子主体245穿入止挡部232的通孔内，再将第二限位部247连接(如焊接)于端子主体245，从而将电极端子24安装于端盖23上；再如，第一限位部246和第二限位部247均与端子主体245为一体成型结构，可以通过铆接的方式将电极端子24安装于端盖23上。
端子主体245的外周面是指端子主体245与端盖23的厚度方向Z平行的外表面。以端子主体245为圆柱体为例，端子主体245的外周面即为端子主体245呈圆柱形的外表面。
在本实施例中，端子主体245穿设于止挡部232的通孔内，第一限位部246和第二限位部247分别位于止挡部232的两侧，既限制了端子主体245在轴向(端盖23的厚度方向Z)上的移动，也限制了端子主体245在径向上的移动，实现了对电极端子24的限位，保证电极端子24的第一连接部242与极耳电连接的稳定性。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，电极端子24中的限位结构并不局限于上述结构，比如，限位结构包括凸出于端子主体245的外周面的凸出部，凸出部与设置于止挡部232上的通孔的孔壁上的卡槽卡接配合，从而达到限制端子主体245沿端盖23的厚度方向Z移动的目的。
在一些实施例中，第二绝缘部252可以绕着端盖23的止挡部232翻折布置，止挡部232对第二绝缘部252起到很好的限位作用，限制第二绝缘部252在端盖23的厚度方向Z移动。比如，在图6中，在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，第二绝缘部252的一部分位于第一限位部246与止挡部232之间；在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，第二绝缘部252的一部分位于第二限位部247与止挡部232之间；绝缘件25的一部分位于止挡部232上的通孔的孔壁面与端子主体245的外周面之间。以实现电极端子24和端盖23良好的绝缘和密封。此外，示例性的，在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，第二限位部247较第一限位部246更靠近于主体部221，第二绝缘部252还有一部分包覆于第一限位部246的外周面，进一步提高电极端子24与端盖23之间的绝缘性能。
在一些实施例中，端盖23设有第二凹部233，第二凹部233从端盖23背离主体部221的一侧向靠近主体部221的方向凹陷。端盖23具有第二连接部234，在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，第二连接部234位于第二凹部233和第一极耳222之间，第二连接部234用于连接第一极耳222。
端盖23上的第二凹部233可以是从端盖23背离主体部221的一端向靠近主体部221的方向凹陷的凹槽，第二凹部233的深度方向与端盖23的厚度方向Z一致。端盖23上的第二凹部233可以是一个，比如，第二凹部233为环绕电极端子24分布的环形凹槽；端盖23上的第二凹部233可以是多个，比如，多个第二凹部233沿着电极端子24的周向间隔分布。
第二连接部234是端盖23与第一极耳222连接的部分，端盖23位于第二凹部233的底部的部分即为第二连接部234，也可以理解为，端盖23上设置第二凹部233后，端盖23与第二凹部233相对应的位置剩余的部分为第二连接部234。
端盖23位于第二凹部233与第一极耳222之间形成与第一极耳222连接的第二连接部234，端盖23在第二凹部233的底部的部分即为第二连接部234，通过第二凹部233则可确定端盖23与第一极耳222连接的区域，便于将端盖23准确的连接于第一极耳222。
在一些实施例中，第一连接部242焊接于第二极耳223。示例性地，第一连接部242可以通过穿透焊的方式与第二极耳223焊接。
第一连接部242焊接于第二极耳223，使得电极端子24与第一极耳222稳定连接，保证电极端子24与第二极耳223之间稳定过流。同时实现电极端子24与第二极耳223直接连接，电极端子24与第二极耳223之间无需设置集流构件来实现电连接，能够为主体部221腾出更多的空间。
由于电极端子24设置有第一凹部241，使得电极端子24用于与第二极耳223焊接的第一连接部242的厚度相对电极端子24的其他部分的厚度较小，便于通过穿透焊的方式将第一连接部242焊接于第二极耳223，保证电极端子24与第二极耳223焊接后的牢固性。此外，第一连接部242与第二极耳223焊接形成的焊印凸出于第一连接部242的部分能够收容在第一凹部241内，避免焊印对电极端子24与外部部件(如汇流部件)的连接造成影响。
在端盖23设置有第二凹部233的实施例中，端盖23用于与第一极耳222焊接的第二连接部234的厚度相对端盖23的其他部分的厚度较小，便于通过穿透焊的方式将第二连接部234焊接于第一极耳222，保证端盖23与第一极耳222焊接后的牢固性。此外，第二连接部234与第一极耳222焊接形成的焊印凸出于第二连接部234的部分能够收容在第一凹部241内，避免焊印对端盖23与外部部件(如汇流部件)的连接造成影响。
图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的剖视示意图；图8为图7所示的电池单体在圆框B处的放大示意图。
如图7和图8所示，在一些实施例中，绝缘件25抵压主体部221，以使主体部221的面向端盖23的表面形成凹陷结构2211。
主体部221的面向端盖23的表面为隔离膜面向端盖23的一端在卷绕后形成的面。隔离膜为柔性膜，在受力时容易变形。本实施例可以采用过盈设计，以使隔离膜在绝缘件25的挤压下变形并形成凹陷结构2211。在形成凹陷结构2211后，隔离膜的受压区域变得紧实，且绝缘件25和极片之间的距离更近，这样，在电池单体20震动 时，隔离膜在绝缘件25的挤压下进一步压缩的程度会减小，从而降低电极组件22的震动幅度。
在本实施例中，绝缘件25能够将第一极耳222的被隔离膜覆盖的区域和第二极耳223的被隔离膜覆盖的区域绝缘隔开，从而进一步降低第一极耳222和第二极耳223因毛刺、变形或其它原因搭接的风险，提高安全性。
示例性地，第一绝缘部251抵压主体部221并形成凹陷结构2211。
在一些实施例中，凹陷结构2211的深度为0.01mm-5mm。
示例性地，凹陷结构2211的深度为0.01mm、0.05mm、0.1mm、0.5mm、1mm、3mm或5mm。
凹陷结构2211的深度是指凹陷结构2211在厚度方向Z上的尺寸。
凹陷结构2211的深度越大，绝缘件25与极片之间的距离越小，在电池单体震动时，隔离膜的缓冲作用越小，极片受到的力越大，极片上的活性物质脱落的风险越高；凹陷结构2211的深度越小，隔离膜在电池单体20震动时能被压缩的程度越大，主体部221震动的幅度也就越大，极耳撕裂的风险越高。发明人经过试验，将凹陷结构2211的深度限定在0.01mm-5mm，可以有效地平衡极片受到的压力和主体部221震动的幅度，从而提高电极组件的使用性能和安全性能。
在一些实施例中，凹陷结构2211的深度为0.5mm-3mm。
在一些实施例中，在主体部221的径向上，绝缘件25的位于第一极耳222和第二极耳223之间的部分与第一极耳222的最大间距小于或等于5mm。
在电池单体的装配过程和使用过程中，第一极耳222受到挤压时会出现变形，从而引发第一极耳222***主体部221的风险。在本实施例中，绝缘件25的位于第一极耳222和第二极耳223之间的部分与第一极耳222的间距较小，绝缘件25能够有效地支撑第一极耳222，减小第一极耳222变形的程度，降低第一极耳222***主体部221的风险，提高安全性。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘部251的至少部分位于第一极耳222和第二极耳223之间。在主体部221的径向上，第一绝缘部251的位于第一极耳222和第二极耳223之间的部分与第一极耳222的间距L1为0.1mm-5mm，示例性地，L1为1mm-3mm。
在一些实施例中，在主体部221的径向上，第一绝缘部251的位于第一极耳222和第二极耳223之间的部分与第二极耳223的最大间距小于或等于5mm。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件25的位于第一极耳222和第二极耳223之间的部分与第一极耳222相抵，以支撑第一极耳222。
示例性地，第一绝缘部251与第一极耳222在主体部221的径向上相抵。
在本实施例中，绝缘件25与第一极耳222相抵，以有效地支撑第一极耳222，减小第一极耳222变形的程度，降低第一极耳222***主体部221的风险，提高安全性。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件25的位于第一极耳222和第二极耳223之间的部分与第二极耳223相抵，以支撑第二极耳223。
在一些实施例中，壳体21包括壳本体21a和凸出于壳本体21a的内表面的支撑 部21b，支撑部21b设置于端盖23的面向电极组件22的一侧并用于支撑端盖23。在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，支撑部21b和主体部221间隔设置，且支撑部21b和第一极耳222不重叠。
支撑部21b和第一极耳222在同一个垂直于厚度方向Z的平面内的投影不重叠。
在本实施例中，支撑部21b可以在厚度方向Z上对端盖23进行限位，以避免端盖23过度地***壳体21内。支撑部21b和第一极耳222在厚度方向Z上不重叠，这样可以避免支撑部21b和第一极耳222干涉，防止支撑部21b挤压第一极耳222，减小第一极耳222的变形。
在一些实施例中，壳体21在与支撑部21b相对应的位置形成有从壳本体21a的内表面凹陷的第三凹部21c。示例性地，第三凹部21c和支撑部21b可通过从外侧辊压壳体21形成。
在一些实施例中，壳体21还包括连接于壳本体21a的端部的翻边部21d，翻边部21d位于端盖23的背离支撑部21b的一侧。支撑部21b和翻边部21d从两侧夹持端盖23的一部分，以使端盖23固定于壳体21。
在一些实施例中，在厚度方向Z上，支撑部21b和第二极耳223也不重叠。示例性地，第一极耳222环绕在第二极耳223的外侧，在主体部221的径向上，第一极耳222比第二极耳223更靠近支撑部21b。
在一些实施例中，在主体部221的径向上，第一极耳222与支撑部21b的顶端的最小间距大于或等于0.1mm。
本实施例能够降低因装配误差而造成第一极耳222与支撑部21b接触的风险。
在一些实施例中，在主体部221的径向上，第一极耳222与支撑部21b的顶端的最大间距小于或等于5mm。
第一极耳222与支撑部21b的顶端的间距越大，第一极耳222沿径向的尺寸也就越小，第一极耳222的过流能力也就越低。本实施例使第一极耳222与支撑部21b的顶端的最大间距小于或等于5mm，以保证第一极耳222的过流能力。
在一些实施例中，在主体部221的径向上，第一极耳222与支撑部21b的顶端的间距为L2，L2的值为0.1mm-5mm。可选地，L2的值为0.3mm-3mm。
在一些实施例中，主体部221为卷绕结构，主体部221在卷绕中心处设有中心孔2212。在主体部221的径向上，第二极耳223与中心孔2212的最小间距大于或等于0.1mm。
在本实施例中，中心孔2212可作为电解液流动的通道，这样可以提高电极组件22的浸润性；在电池单体20内部因热失控而产气时，中心孔2212还可以作为气体流动的通道，使气体快速经由电池单体20的泄压机构排出，降低安全风险。本实施例能够保证第二极耳223与中心孔2212之间的最小间距，这样可以降低第二极耳223因变形而遮挡中心孔2212的风险。
在一些实施例中，在主体部221的径向上，第二极耳223与中心孔2212的最大间距小于或等于5mm。
第二极耳223与中心孔2212的间距越大，第二极耳223沿径向的尺寸也就越 小，第二极耳223的过流能力也就越低。本实施例使第二极耳223与中心孔2212的最大间距小于或等于5mm，以保证第一极耳222的过流能力。
在一些实施例中，在主体部221的径向上，第二极耳223与中心孔2212的间距为L3，L3的值为0.1mm-5mm。示例性地，L3的值为1mm-5mm。
在一些实施例中，在主体部221的径向上，第一极耳222与中心孔2212的最小间距大于或等于0.1mm。示例性地，第一极耳222环绕在第二极耳223的外侧，第二极耳223比第一极耳222更靠近中心孔2212。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘部251和第二绝缘部252彼此独立，两者并不存在连接关系。端盖23和主体部221夹持第一绝缘部251，以实现第一绝缘部251的固定。
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的流程示意图。
如图9所示，本申请实施例的电池单体的制造方法包括：
S100、提供电极组件，包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，第一极耳和第二极耳极性相反且设置于主体部的同一侧；
S200、提供壳体，壳体具有开口；
S300、将电极组件安装到壳体内；
S400、提供端盖、电极端子和绝缘件，电极端子与端盖绝缘连接，绝缘件设置于端盖；
S500、将端盖盖合于开口，并将第一极耳和第二极耳中的一者与端盖电连接，另一者用于与电极端子电连接；
其中，第一极耳和第二极耳设置于主体部的面向端盖的同一侧，绝缘件的至少部分位于第一极耳和第二极耳之间并沿端盖的厚度方向抵靠于主体部。
需要说明的是，通过上述电池单体的制造方法制造出的电池单体的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电池单体。
在基于上述的电池单体的制造方法制造电池单体时，不必按照上述步骤依次进行，也就是说，可以按照实施例中提及的顺序执行步骤，也可以不同于实施例中提及的顺序执行步骤，或者若干步骤同时执行。例如，步骤S100、S200、S400的执行不分先后，也可以同时进行。
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造设备的示意性框图。
如图10所示，本申请实施例的电池单体的制造设备2000包括第一提供装置2100、第二提供装置2200、第一组装装置2300、第三提供装置2400以及第二组装装置2500。
第一提供装置2100用于提供电极组件，包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，第一极耳和第二极耳极性相反且设置于主体部的同一侧。第二提供装置2200用于提供壳体，壳体具有开口。第一组装装置2300用于将电极组件安装到壳体内。第三提供装置2400用于提供端盖、电极端子和绝缘件，电极端子与端盖绝缘连接，绝缘件设置于端盖。第二组装装置2500用于将端盖盖合于开口，并将第一极耳和第二极耳中的一者与端盖电连接，另一者用于与电极端子电连接。第一极耳和第二极耳设置于主体部的面向端盖的同一侧，绝缘件的至少部分位于第一极耳和第二极耳之间并沿端盖的厚度 方向抵靠于主体部。
通过上述制造设备制造出的电池单体的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电池单体。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    壳体，具有开口；
    端盖，用于盖合所述开口；
    电极端子，与所述端盖绝缘连接；
    电极组件，容纳于所述壳体内且包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳极性相反且设置于所述主体部的面向所述端盖的同一侧，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳中的一者用于与所述端盖电连接，另一者用于与所述电极端子电连接；以及
    绝缘件，至少部分位于所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳之间并沿所述端盖的厚度方向抵靠于所述主体部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述绝缘件的至少部分夹持于所述电极端子和所述端盖之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体，其中，所述绝缘件包括第一绝缘部，所述第一绝缘部的至少部分位于所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳之间，以分隔所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳；
    在所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述第一绝缘部抵靠于主体部和所述端盖。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一绝缘部为沿所述电极端子的周向延伸的环形结构。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的电池单体，其中，所述绝缘件还包括第二绝缘部，所述第二绝缘部的至少部分位于所述电极端子和所述端盖之间，以使所述电极端子和所述端盖绝缘。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一绝缘部和所述第二绝缘部为一体成型结构。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述绝缘件抵压所述主体部，以使所述主体部的面向所述端盖的表面形成凹陷结构。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，所述凹陷结构的深度为0.01mm-5mm。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电池单体，其中，在所述主体部的径向上，所述绝缘件的位于所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳之间的部分与所述第一极耳的最大间距小于或等于5mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述绝缘件的位于所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳之间的部分与所述第一极耳相抵，以支撑所述第一极耳。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述壳体包括壳本体和凸出于所述壳本体的内表面的支撑部，所述支撑部设置于所述端盖的面向所述电极组件的一侧并用于支撑所述端盖；
    在所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述支撑部和所述主体部间隔设置，且所述支撑部和 所述第一极耳不重叠。
  12. 根据权利要求11任一项所述的电池单体，其中，在所述主体部的径向上，所述第一极耳与所述支撑部的顶端的最小间距大于或等于0.1mm。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述主体部为卷绕结构，所述主体部在卷绕中心处设有中心孔；
    在所述主体部的径向上，所述第二极耳与所述中心孔的最小间距大于或等于0.1mm。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳均为环形结构，且所述第一极耳环绕在所述第二极耳的外侧。
  15. 根据权利要求9-14任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一极耳用于与所述端盖电连接，所述第二极耳用于与所述电极端子电连接。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一极耳直接连接于所述端盖，以实现所述第一极耳和所述端盖的电连接。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一极耳焊接于所述端盖。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体为圆柱电池单体。
  19. 一种电池，包括多个根据权利要求1-18中任一项所述的电池单体。
  20. 一种用电设备，包括根据权利要求19所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
  21. 一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
    提供电极组件，包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳极性相反且设置于所述主体部的同一侧；
    提供壳体，所述壳体具有开口；
    将所述电极组件安装到所述壳体内；
    提供端盖、电极端子和绝缘件，所述电极端子与所述端盖绝缘连接，所述绝缘件设置于所述端盖；
    将所述端盖盖合于所述开口，并将所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳中的一者与所述端盖电连接，另一者用于与所述电极端子电连接；
    其中，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳设置于所述主体部的面向所述端盖的同一侧，所述绝缘件的至少部分位于所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳之间并沿所述端盖的厚度方向抵靠于所述主体部。
  22. 一种电池单体的制造设备，包括：
    第一提供装置，用于提供电极组件，包括主体部、第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳极性相反且设置于所述主体部的同一侧；
    第二提供装置，用于提供壳体，所述壳体具有开口；
    第一组装装置，用于将所述电极组件安装到所述壳体内；
    第三提供装置，用于提供端盖、电极端子和绝缘件，所述电极端子与所述端盖绝缘连接，所述绝缘件设置于所述端盖；
    第二组装装置，用于将所述端盖盖合于所述开口，并将所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳中的一者与所述端盖电连接，另一者用于与所述电极端子电连接；
    其中，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳设置于所述主体部的面向所述端盖的同一侧，所述绝缘件的至少部分位于所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳之间并沿所述端盖的厚度方向抵靠于所述主体部。
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