WO2023092469A1

WO2023092469A1 - Antenna device

Info

Publication number: WO2023092469A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/133578
Authority: WO
Inventors: 张�成; 马传辉; 邹克利
Original assignee: 上海华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2021-11-26
Filing date: 2021-11-26
Publication date: 2023-06-01

Abstract

The present application provides an antenna device. The antenna device comprises a first antenna array and a second antenna array, wherein the first antenna array comprises a first antenna unit, and the second antenna array comprises a plurality of second antenna units. A resonant cavity of the first antenna unit is located below the second antenna array, and the first antenna array and the second antenna array form a stacking structure in a longitudinal direction. A radiation slot of the first antenna array is connected to the second antenna array to form an intersecting structure in a transverse direction. The second antenna array can configure different types of antennas according to service requirements, and an antenna mode is diversified, such that the transceiving requirements of various types of signals can be satisfied.

Description

一种天线装置An antenna device

技术领域technical field

本申请涉及通信和雷达领域，尤其涉及一种天线装置。The present application relates to the field of communication and radar, in particular to an antenna device.

背景技术Background technique

随着移动通信技术的不断演进，基站上挂载的天面也越来越多。进入第五代移动通信技术(5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology，5G)时代后，在很多场景中天面的应用受到了一定程度的限制。由于5G天线挂高低导致覆盖距离降低。随着5.5G时代以及第六代移动通信技术(6th Generation Mobile Communication Technology，6G)时代的到来，更多的频谱将会投入使用，与此对应的是要求更多类型的天线以及更多种类和数目的天面。在此情况下，加站会带来成本的大幅提升且有些场景不允许再增加更多的站点，而不加站则会面临更多的受限场景以及更低的挂高，后者将导致覆盖距离进一步缩短。With the continuous evolution of mobile communication technology, more and more antennas are mounted on the base station. After entering the era of 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G), the application of antennas has been restricted to a certain extent in many scenarios. Due to the height of the 5G antenna, the coverage distance is reduced. With the advent of the 5.5G era and the sixth generation mobile communication technology (6th Generation Mobile Communication Technology, 6G) era, more spectrum will be put into use, corresponding to the requirement for more types of antennas and more types and Number of heavens. In this case, adding stations will bring about a significant increase in cost and some scenarios do not allow adding more stations, while not adding stations will face more restricted scenarios and lower hanging heights, which will lead to The coverage distance is further shortened.

在此情况下，天面缩编是一种必然的趋势。天面缩编通常有两种实现方式，第一种是两种或多种天线采用拼接方式，即分口径方式，组成一个天面。第二种是两种或多种天线采用共口径方式，即口面融合方式，组成一个天面。分口径方式实现难度小，不足之处是天面利用率低且高低频无法互助。共口径方式可在不增加天面数目和面积的情况下实现天面缩编，且可以充分发挥毫米波大带宽和低频远距离覆盖的组合优势。因此，共口径阵列天线将成为主要的研究方向。In this case, the downsizing of the sky is an inevitable trend. There are usually two ways to realize the downsizing of the antenna. The first is that two or more antennas are spliced, that is, divided into apertures, to form an antenna. The second is that two or more antennas use a common aperture method, that is, an aperture-surface fusion method to form an antenna surface. The sub-aperture method is difficult to implement, but the disadvantage is that the utilization rate of the sky surface is low and the high and low frequencies cannot cooperate with each other. The common-aperture method can realize the downsizing of antennas without increasing the number and area of antennas, and can give full play to the combined advantages of millimeter wave large bandwidth and low-frequency long-distance coverage. Therefore, the co-aperture array antenna will become the main research direction.

共口径天线的研究始于上世纪90年代合成孔径雷达对多频多极化阵列天线使用需求。近年来，受弹载相控阵、卫星通讯、基站天面融合等方面的需求驱动，共口径天线受到越来越多的关注并成为天线领域的研究热点。然而，传统的共口径天线设计受到多方面的限制，进而导致共口径天线的模式较为单一，无法满足多种类型的信号的收发需求。The research on common-aperture antennas began in the 1990s when synthetic aperture radars demanded the use of multi-frequency and multi-polarization array antennas. In recent years, driven by the needs of missile-borne phased arrays, satellite communications, and antenna-surface fusion of base stations, common-aperture antennas have received more and more attention and become a research hotspot in the field of antennas. However, the traditional co-aperture antenna design is limited in many ways, which leads to a relatively single mode of the co-aperture antenna, which cannot meet the requirements for transmitting and receiving various types of signals.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本申请提供了一种天线装置，该天线装置由两种不同频段的天线复合而成，其中，第二天线阵列可以根据业务需求配置不同类型的天线，天线配置模式多元化，能够满足多种类型的信号的收发需求。The present application provides an antenna device, which is composed of antennas of two different frequency bands. The second antenna array can be configured with different types of antennas according to business requirements. The antenna configuration mode is diversified and can meet various types of antennas. The sending and receiving requirements of the signal.

本申请第一方面提供了一种天线装置，其特征在于，所述天线装置包括第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列，所述第一天线阵列包括第一天线单元，所述第一天线单元包括辐射盖板、谐振腔、馈电探针和馈电板，所述辐射盖板的第一表面上包括拉伸辐射口，所述谐振腔包括谐振腔体，所述第二天线阵列包括多个第二天线单元；所述辐射盖板的第二表面覆盖于所述谐振腔的第一表面；所述馈电探针位于所述谐振腔体内，所述馈电探针的第一端与所述馈电板连接；所述馈电板的第一面覆盖于所述谐振腔的第二表面。The first aspect of the present application provides an antenna device, characterized in that the antenna device includes a first antenna array and a second antenna array, the first antenna array includes a first antenna unit, and the first antenna unit includes A radiation cover, a resonant cavity, a feeding probe and a feeding plate, the first surface of the radiation cover includes a stretched radiation port, the resonant cavity includes a resonant cavity, and the second antenna array includes a plurality of The second antenna unit; the second surface of the radiation cover covers the first surface of the resonant cavity; the feeding probe is located in the resonant cavity, and the first end of the feeding probe is connected to the resonant cavity. The feeding board is connected; the first surface of the feeding board covers the second surface of the resonant cavity.

本申请中，天线装置中包括第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列，其中，第一天线阵列包括第一天线单元，第二天线阵列包括多个第二天线单元。第一天线阵列的谐振腔***于第二天线阵列的下方，第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列在纵向形成层叠结构。第一天线阵列的辐射缝隙与第二天线阵列连接，在横向形成交错结构。第二天线阵列可以根据业务需求配置不同类型的天线，天线配置模式多元化，能够满足多种类型的信号的收发需求。In the present application, the antenna device includes a first antenna array and a second antenna array, wherein the first antenna array includes a first antenna unit, and the second antenna array includes a plurality of second antenna units. The resonance cavity of the first antenna array is located below the second antenna array, and the first antenna array and the second antenna array form a stacked structure in the longitudinal direction. The radiation slots of the first antenna array are connected with the second antenna array to form a staggered structure in the lateral direction. The second antenna array can be configured with different types of antennas according to service requirements, and the antenna configuration modes are diversified, which can meet the requirements for sending and receiving various types of signals.

在第一方面的一种可能实现的方式中，所述第二天线阵列包括辐射槽或避让槽；所述拉伸辐射口与一个所述辐射槽或所述避让槽连接。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the second antenna array includes a radiation slot or an avoidance slot; the stretched radiation opening is connected to one of the radiation slots or the escape slot.

该种可能的实现方式中，当第二天线阵列为由多个平面天线单元组成的天线板时，天线板上刻蚀有第一天线阵列的辐射槽或为避免第一天线阵列信号受遮挡而刻蚀的避让槽。In this possible implementation, when the second antenna array is an antenna board composed of multiple planar antenna elements, the antenna board is etched with the radiation slots of the first antenna array or the Etched escape groove.

在第一方面的一种可能实现的方式中，所述第一天线阵列的辐射面与所述第二天线阵列的辐射面位于同一平面。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the radiation surface of the first antenna array and the radiation surface of the second antenna array are located on the same plane.

该种可能的实现方式中，第一天线阵列的辐射面和第二天线阵列的辐射面位于同一平面上时，避免了第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列之间因相互遮挡所产生的影响，且有效地防止了结构干涉问题，进一步提升了天线装置发射或接收信号的效果。In this possible implementation, when the radiating surface of the first antenna array and the radiating surface of the second antenna array are located on the same plane, the influence caused by mutual shading between the first antenna array and the second antenna array is avoided, And the problem of structural interference is effectively prevented, and the effect of transmitting or receiving signals by the antenna device is further improved.

在第一方面的一种可能实现的方式中，所述第一天线单元包括背腔缝隙天线。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the first antenna unit includes a cavity-backed slot antenna.

该种可能的实现方式中，可选的，第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列可以是两种形式不同的、可分别独立工作的天线。提供了一种第一天线单元的具体的实现方式，提升了方案的可实现性。In this possible implementation manner, optionally, the first antenna array and the second antenna array may be two different types of antennas that can work independently. A specific implementation manner of the first antenna unit is provided, which improves the feasibility of the solution.

在第一方面的一种可能实现的方式中，所述第二天线单元包括平面天线，所述平面天线包括印制电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)天线、液晶天线、漏波天线或波导天线。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the second antenna unit includes a planar antenna, and the planar antenna includes a printed circuit board (printed circuit board, PCB) antenna, a liquid crystal antenna, a leaky wave antenna, or a waveguide antenna .

该种可能的实现方式中，可选的，第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列可以是两种形式不同的、可分别独立工作的天线。提供了一种第二天线单元的多种具体的实现方式，提升了方案的可实现性。In this possible implementation manner, optionally, the first antenna array and the second antenna array may be two different types of antennas that can work independently. A variety of specific implementation manners of the second antenna unit are provided, which improves the feasibility of the solution.

在第一方面的一种可能实现的方式中，所述第二天线单元包括端射型天线，所述端射型天线包括偶极子天线、磁偶极子天线或八木天线。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the second antenna unit includes an end-fire antenna, and the end-fire antenna includes a dipole antenna, a magnetic dipole antenna, or a Yagi antenna.

在第一方面的一种可能实现的方式中，所述拉伸辐射口的第一端与所述辐射槽或所述避让槽连接，包括：所述拉伸辐射口的第一端嵌套于所述避让槽内。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the first end of the stretching radiation opening is connected to the radiation groove or the avoidance groove, including: the first end of the stretching radiation opening is nested in Inside the avoidance groove.

该种可能的实现方式中，当第二天线阵列为由多个平面天线单元组成的天线板时，天线板上可以刻蚀有为避免第一天线阵列信号受遮挡而刻蚀的避让槽。In this possible implementation manner, when the second antenna array is an antenna board composed of a plurality of planar antenna elements, avoidance grooves etched to avoid blocking signals of the first antenna array may be etched on the antenna board.

在第一方面的一种可能实现的方式中，所述辐射槽的尺寸与所述拉伸辐射口的内侧尺寸相同，或，所述避让槽的尺寸与所述拉伸辐射口横截面尺寸相同；所述拉伸辐射槽的第一端与所述辐射槽或所述避让槽连接，包括：所述拉伸辐射口的第一端贴合于所述辐射槽。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the size of the radiation groove is the same as that of the inner side of the stretched radiation opening, or the size of the escape groove is the same as the cross-sectional size of the stretched radiation opening The first end of the stretching radiation slot is connected to the radiation slot or the escape slot, including: the first end of the stretching radiation opening is attached to the radiation slot.

该种可能的实现方式中，天线板(第二天线阵列)上开通有同第一天线单元中包括的辐射盖板上的拉伸辐射口的内侧尺寸相同的辐射槽，第一天线单元中包括的辐射盖板上的拉伸辐射口的顶端可以紧贴于天线板的辐射槽的下表面。该种可能的实现方式提供了一种具体的拉伸辐射口和辐射槽之间的配合关系，提升了方案的可实现性。In this possible implementation, the antenna board (the second antenna array) is opened with a radiation slot with the same size as the inner side of the stretched radiation opening on the radiation cover included in the first antenna unit, and the first antenna unit includes The top of the stretched radiation port on the radiation cover can be closely attached to the lower surface of the radiation groove of the antenna board. This possible implementation method provides a specific coordination relationship between the stretched radiation opening and the radiation groove, which improves the feasibility of the scheme.

在第一方面的一种可能实现的方式中，所述辐射槽的侧壁的材料为金属。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the material of the sidewall of the radiation groove is metal.

该种可能的实现方式中，天线板(第二天线阵列)上开通的辐射槽的侧壁可以是金属材料。可选的，该金属材料可以通过电镀的方式装配于辐射槽的侧壁，也可以通过其它的方式装配于辐射槽的侧壁，具体此处不做限定。该种可能的实现方式中，通过侧壁金属化的方式提升了天线装置通过辐射槽发射或接收信号的效率，进一步提升了信号收发时的成功率。In this possible implementation manner, the side walls of the radiation slots opened on the antenna board (the second antenna array) may be made of metal materials. Optionally, the metal material may be assembled on the sidewall of the radiation groove by electroplating, or may be assembled on the sidewall of the radiation groove by other methods, which are not specifically limited here. In this possible implementation manner, the efficiency of transmitting or receiving signals by the antenna device through the radiation slot is improved by means of side wall metallization, and the success rate of signal transmission and reception is further improved.

在第一方面的一种可能实现的方式中，所述辐射槽的侧壁周围包括多个金属通孔。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a plurality of metal through holes are included around the sidewall of the radiation slot.

该种可能的实现方式中，天线板(第二天线阵列)上开通的辐射槽的侧壁周围包括多个金属通孔。该种可能的实现方式中，通过侧壁安装金属通孔的方式提升了天线装置通过辐射槽发射或接收信号的效率，进一步提升了信号收发时的成功率。In this possible implementation manner, a plurality of metal through holes are included around the sidewall of the radiation groove opened on the antenna board (the second antenna array). In this possible implementation manner, the method of installing metal through holes on the side wall improves the efficiency of the antenna device transmitting or receiving signals through the radiation slot, and further improves the success rate of signal transmission and reception.

在第一方面的一种可能实现的方式中，所述谐振腔体的形状包括六棱柱，立方体或圆柱。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the shape of the resonant cavity includes a hexagonal prism, a cube or a cylinder.

该种可能的实现方式中，谐振腔体采用六棱柱、立方体或者圆柱等实现方式可以进一步便于上层第二天线阵列的射频、电源与控制走线。此外，还可以进一步提升散热效果，以及可以减轻天线装置的整体重量。In this possible implementation, the resonant cavity adopts a hexagonal prism, a cube, or a cylinder, which can further facilitate the routing of radio frequency, power supply, and control of the second antenna array on the upper layer. In addition, the heat dissipation effect can be further improved, and the overall weight of the antenna device can be reduced.

在第一方面的一种可能实现的方式中，所述第一天线单元包括双线极化天线或单极化天线，所述单极化天线包括圆极化天线或线极化天线。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the first antenna unit includes a dual-polarized antenna or a single-polarized antenna, and the single-polarized antenna includes a circularly polarized antenna or a linearly polarized antenna.

该种可能的实现方式中，提供了一种第一天线单元的具体的实现方式，提升了方案的可实现性。In this possible implementation manner, a specific implementation manner of the first antenna unit is provided, which improves the feasibility of the solution.

在第一方面的一种可能实现的方式中，若所述第一天线单元为单极化天线，所述第一天线单元中包括一个或两个馈电探针。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, if the first antenna unit is a single-polarized antenna, the first antenna unit includes one or two feeding probes.

该种可能的实现方式中，馈电探针的作用是，当天线处于发射态时其激励起腔体中的谐振模式，处于接收态时腔体中的谐振模在馈电探针上产生激励电流，电流通过连接器进入馈电网络。馈电网络的作用是，当天线发射电磁波信号时将一路信号功分为两路或多路信号并馈入探针，当天线接收电磁波信号时将探针传输下来的两路或多路信号合并为一路。进一步的，当天线采用差分馈电方式时，馈电网络的另一作用是将原先给一个探针馈电的信号一分为二并在其中一路上提供180°相差，然后将两路反相的信号激励一对探针。可选的，第一天线单元中可以包括一个馈电探针，第一天线单元中也可以包括两个馈电探针，提升了天线装置馈电时的自由度。In this possible implementation, the function of the feeding probe is to excite the resonant mode in the cavity when the antenna is in the transmitting state, and the resonant mode in the cavity is excited on the feeding probe when it is in the receiving state Current, the current enters the feed network through the connector. The function of the feed network is to divide one signal into two or more signals and feed them into the probe when the antenna emits the electromagnetic wave signal, and combine the two or more signals transmitted by the probe when the antenna receives the electromagnetic wave signal for all the way. Furthermore, when the antenna adopts a differential feeding method, another function of the feeding network is to divide the signal that was originally fed to a probe into two and provide a 180° phase difference on one of the routes, and then reverse the phase of the two routes The signal excites a pair of probes. Optionally, one feeding probe may be included in the first antenna unit, and two feeding probes may also be included in the first antenna unit, which improves the degree of freedom when feeding the antenna device.

在第一方面的一种可能实现的方式中，所述第一天线单元包括馈电模块，所述馈电模块中包括所述馈电探针，所述馈电探针的形状包括单极子探针型、环形或L形。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the first antenna unit includes a feeding module, the feeding module includes the feeding probe, and the shape of the feeding probe includes a monopole Probe type, ring or L-shaped.

该种可能的实现方式中，提供了馈电探针多种可能的实现方式，提升了方案的可实现性。In this possible implementation, multiple possible implementations of the feeding probe are provided, which improves the feasibility of the solution.

在第一方面的一种可能实现的方式中，所述第二天线阵列和所述第一天线阵列的部分区域共口径，或，所述第二天线阵列和所述第一天线阵列的全部区域共口径。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, parts of the second antenna array and the first antenna array have the same aperture, or, the entire area of the second antenna array and the first antenna array Total caliber.

该种可能的实现方式中，第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列可以根据实际场景调整共口径的区域，可选的，从方位上来看，可以是左上区域共口径、中间区域共口径以及中上区域共口径，还可以是其它区域共口径，具体此处不做限定。该种可能的实现方式提升了天线装置的自由度。In this possible implementation, the first antenna array and the second antenna array can adjust the common-aperture area according to the actual scene. Optionally, from the perspective of azimuth, it can be the common-aperture area in the upper left area, the common-aperture area in the middle area, and the upper-middle area. The common caliber of the region may also be the common caliber of other regions, which is not limited here. This possible implementation improves the degree of freedom of the antenna device.

在第一方面的一种可能实现的方式中，所述第二天线阵列包括周期性阵列、稀疏阵列、稀布阵列或以非规则子阵布阵的阵列天线。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the second antenna array includes a periodic array, a sparse array, a sparse array, or an array antenna arranged in irregular sub-arrays.

该种可能的实现方式中，第二天线阵列可以是周期性阵列、稀疏阵列、稀布阵列或以非规则子阵布阵的阵列天线，第二天线阵列还可以是其它类型的天线阵列，具体此处不做限定。该种可能的实现方式提升了天线装置的自由度。In this possible implementation, the second antenna array can be a periodic array, a sparse array, a sparse array, or an array antenna arranged in an irregular sub-array, and the second antenna array can also be other types of antenna arrays, specifically There is no limit here. This possible implementation improves the degree of freedom of the antenna device.

在第一方面的一种可能实现的方式中，所述第二天线阵列包括单频段阵列天线或多频段阵列天线。In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the second antenna array includes a single-band array antenna or a multi-band array antenna.

该种可能的实现方式中，提供了一种第二天线阵列的具体的实现方式，提升了方案的可实现性。In this possible implementation manner, a specific implementation manner of the second antenna array is provided, which improves the feasibility of the solution.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本申请提供的天线装置的一种结构示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna device provided by the present application;

图2为本申请提供的天线装置的另一种结构示意图；Fig. 2 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna device provided by the present application;

图3为本申请提供的天线装置的另一种结构示意图；Fig. 3 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna device provided by the present application;

图4为本申请提供的一种第一天线单元和第二天线单元的结构示意图；FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit provided by the present application;

图5为本申请提供的天线装置的另一种结构示意图；FIG. 5 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna device provided by the present application;

图6为本申请提供的天线装置的一实施例示意图；FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the antenna device provided by the present application;

图7为本申请提供的谐振腔的一实施例示意图；FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a resonant cavity provided by the present application;

图8为本申请提供的谐振腔的另一实施例示意图；FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the resonant cavity provided by the present application;

图9为本申请提供的馈电探针的一实施例示意图；Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the feeding probe provided by the present application;

图10为本申请提供的馈电探针的另一实施例示意图；Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the feeding probe provided by the present application;

图11为本申请提供的馈电探针的另一实施例示意图；Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the feeding probe provided by the present application;

图12为本申请提供的一种拉伸辐射口和避让槽之间的连接关系示意图；Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between a stretching radiation port and an avoidance groove provided by the present application;

图13为本申请提供的另一种拉伸辐射口和辐射槽之间的连接关系示意图；Fig. 13 is another schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the stretching radiation port and the radiation groove provided by the present application;

图14为本申请提供的另一种拉伸辐射口和辐射槽之间的连接关系示意图；Fig. 14 is another schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the stretching radiation port and the radiation groove provided by the present application;

图15为本申请提供的另一种拉伸辐射口和辐射槽之间的连接关系示意图；Fig. 15 is another schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the stretching radiation port and the radiation groove provided by the present application;

图16为本申请提供的一种第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列之间的共口径方式示意图；FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a common-aperture mode between the first antenna array and the second antenna array provided by the present application;

图17为本申请提供的一种第二天线阵列的布阵方式示意图；Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement method of a second antenna array provided by the present application;

图18为本申请提供的另一种第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列之间的共口径方式示意图；FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of another common-aperture mode between the first antenna array and the second antenna array provided by the present application;

图19为本申请提供的一种天线装置的生产流程示意图；FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the production process of an antenna device provided by the present application;

图20为本申请提供的一种天线装置的一种应用示意图；FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of an application of an antenna device provided by the present application;

图21为本申请提供的一种天线装置的另一种应用示意图；FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of another application of an antenna device provided by the present application;

图22为本申请提供的一种低频天线的结构示意图；FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-frequency antenna provided by the present application;

图23为本申请提供的一种低频天线的结构示意图；FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-frequency antenna provided by the present application;

图24为本申请提供的一种馈电网络的结构示意图；Fig. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding network provided by the present application;

图25为本申请提供的一种电场分布示意图；Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of an electric field distribution provided by the present application;

图26为本申请提供的一种馈电探针的表面电流分布示意图；Fig. 26 is a schematic diagram of surface current distribution of a feeding probe provided by the present application;

图27为本申请提供的一种谐振腔内的电场分布示意图；Fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of electric field distribution in a resonant cavity provided by the present application;

图28为本申请提供的另一种谐振腔内的电场和磁场分布示意图；Fig. 28 is a schematic diagram of electric field and magnetic field distribution in another resonant cavity provided by the present application;

图29为本申请提供的一种毫米波天线的结构示意图；FIG. 29 is a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter-wave antenna provided by the present application;

图30为本申请提供的一种毫米波天线的叠层示意图；FIG. 30 is a schematic stacked diagram of a millimeter-wave antenna provided by the present application;

图31为本申请提供的不同馈电状态下的馈线与缝隙处的场强分布示意图；Fig. 31 is a schematic diagram of the field strength distribution at the feeder and the slot under different feeding states provided by the present application;

图32为本申请提供的不同时刻贴片周围的场分布示意图；Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of the field distribution around the patch at different times provided by the present application;

图33为本申请提供的一种低频天线阵列的仿真结果示意图；FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of a low-frequency antenna array provided by the present application;

图34为本申请提供的另一种低频天线阵列的仿真结果示意图；FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of another low-frequency antenna array provided by the present application;

图35为本申请提供的另一种低频天线阵列的仿真结果示意图；FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of another low-frequency antenna array provided by the present application;

图36为本申请提供的另一种低频天线阵列的仿真结果示意图；FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of another low-frequency antenna array provided by the present application;

图37为本申请提供的一种毫米波天线阵列的仿真结果示意图；FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of a millimeter-wave antenna array provided by the present application;

图38为本申请提供的另一种毫米波天线阵列的仿真结果示意图；FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of another millimeter-wave antenna array provided by the present application;

图39为本申请提供的另一种毫米波天线阵列的仿真结果示意图；FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of another millimeter-wave antenna array provided by the present application;

图40为本申请提供的另一种毫米波天线阵列的仿真结果示意图。FIG. 40 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of another millimeter-wave antenna array provided by the present application.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，下面结合附图，对本申请的实施例进行描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。本领域普通技术人员可知，随着新应用场景的出现，本申请实施例提供的技术方案对于类似的技术问题，同样适用。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are only part of the present application, not all of them. . Those skilled in the art know that, with the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的内容以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或模块的过程、方法、***、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或模块，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或模块。在本申请中出现的对步骤进行的命名或者编号，并不意味着必须按照命名或者编号所指示的时间/逻辑先后顺序执行方法流程中的步骤，已经命名或者编号的流程步骤可以根据要实现的技术目的变更执行次序，只要能达到相同或者相类似的技术效果即可。The terms "first", "second" and the like in the specification and claims of the present application and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific sequence or sequence. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments described herein can be practiced in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having", as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or modules is not necessarily limited to the expressly listed Instead, other steps or modules not explicitly listed or inherent to the process, method, product or apparatus may be included. The naming or numbering of the steps in this application does not mean that the steps in the method flow must be executed in the time/logic sequence indicated by the naming or numbering. The execution order of the technical purpose is changed, as long as the same or similar technical effect can be achieved.

随着移动通信技术的不断演进，基站上挂载的天面也越来越多。进入第五代移动通信技术(5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology，5G)通信时代后，在很多场景中天面的应用受到了一定程度的限制。由于5G天线挂高低导致覆盖距离降低。随着5.5G时代以及第六代移动通信技术(6th Generation Mobile Communication Technology，6G)时代的到来，更多的频谱将会投入使用，与此对应的是要求更多类型的天线即更多种类和数目的天面。在此情况下，加站会带来成本的大幅提升，且有些场景不允许再增加更多的站点，而不加站则会面临更多的受限场景以及更低的挂高，后者将导致覆盖距离进一步缩短。With the continuous evolution of mobile communication technology, more and more antennas are mounted on the base station. After entering the fifth generation mobile communication technology (5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology, 5G) communication era, the application of antennas has been restricted to a certain extent in many scenarios. Due to the height of the 5G antenna, the coverage distance is reduced. With the advent of the 5.5G era and the sixth generation mobile communication technology (6th Generation Mobile Communication Technology, 6G) era, more spectrum will be put into use, and correspondingly, more types of antennas are required, that is, more types and Number of heavens. In this case, adding stations will bring about a significant increase in cost, and some scenarios do not allow adding more stations, while not adding stations will face more restricted scenarios and lower hanging heights, which will Resulting in a further shortened coverage distance.

针对现有的天线装置所存在的上述问题，本申请提供了一种天线装置，该天线装置中包括第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列，其中，第二天线阵列可以根据业务需求配置不同类型的天线阵列，天线配置模式多元化，能够满足多种类型的信号的收发需求。In view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the existing antenna device, the present application provides an antenna device, which includes a first antenna array and a second antenna array, wherein the second antenna array can be configured with different types of Antenna array with diversified antenna configuration modes can meet the requirements of sending and receiving various types of signals.

下面首先说明本申请实施例提供的天线装置的具体应用场景。A specific application scenario of the antenna device provided by the embodiment of the present application will be firstly described below.

本申请实施例提供的天线装置可以应用于天面融合场景，在5G和5.5G时代，基站天面受限情况更趋严重，为了天线能够实现更低的挂高，则需要通过天面融合技术将两个或多个天面缩编为一个天面。本申请实施例提供的天线装置中包括了第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列，实现了天面的缩编，可以进一步降低天线的挂高。The antenna device provided by the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the scene of sky fusion. In the 5G and 5.5G era, the sky limit of the base station is more serious. In order to achieve a lower hanging height of the antenna, it is necessary to use the sky fusion technology. Condenses two or more surfaces into a single surface. The antenna device provided in the embodiment of the present application includes the first antenna array and the second antenna array, which realizes the downsizing of the antenna surface and can further reduce the hanging height of the antenna.

本申请实施例提供的天线装置还可以应用于雷达天线场景，传统技术中，单频天线很难在照射距离和搜索精度以及成像清晰度之间作出折衷，而本申请提供的天线装置可以配置为多频天线，多频天线的组合使用则可以在保证照射距离的同时具备高的搜索精度和/或成像精度。同基站天线类似，传统的分口径会占用较大的面积且不利于天线组合优势的发挥，而本申请提供的天线装置为共口径天线，共口径天线可以成为雷达天线的重要选择以及合成孔径雷达天线的首选方案。The antenna device provided by the embodiment of the present application can also be applied to the radar antenna scene. In the traditional technology, it is difficult to make a compromise between the irradiation distance, the search accuracy and the imaging definition of the single-frequency antenna, and the antenna device provided by the present application can be configured as Multi-frequency antennas, the combined use of multi-frequency antennas can have high search accuracy and/or imaging accuracy while ensuring the irradiation distance. Similar to the base station antenna, the traditional sub-aperture will occupy a large area and is not conducive to the advantages of antenna combination. The antenna device provided by this application is a common-aperture antenna, which can become an important choice for radar antennas and synthetic aperture radars. Antenna of choice.

上述实施例介绍了本申请提供的天线装置的应用场景，下面结合附图，详细介绍本申请提供的天线装置。The foregoing embodiments have introduced the application scenarios of the antenna device provided by the present application, and the antenna device provided by the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

图1为本申请提供的天线装置的一种结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna device provided by the present application.

请参阅图1，如图1所示，本申请提供的天线装置可以包括第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列。可选的，第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列可以是两种形式不同的、可分别独立工作的天线。Referring to FIG. 1 , as shown in FIG. 1 , the antenna device provided by the present application may include a first antenna array and a second antenna array. Optionally, the first antenna array and the second antenna array may be two different types of antennas that can work independently.

图2为本申请提供的天线装置的另一种结构示意图。FIG. 2 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna device provided by the present application.

请参阅图2，本申请中，天线装置中包括第一天线阵列10和第二天线阵列20，第一天线阵列10拆分后可以得到辐射缝隙阵列101、谐振腔体阵列102、馈电探针阵列103和馈电板104。第二天线阵列20包括第二天线单元201。Please refer to Fig. 2. In this application, the antenna device includes a first antenna array 10 and a second antenna array 20. After the first antenna array 10 is split, a radiation slot array 101, a resonant cavity array 102, and a feeding probe can be obtained. Array 103 and feeder board 104 . The second antenna array 20 includes a second antenna unit 201 .

图3为本申请提供的天线装置的另一种结构示意图。FIG. 3 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna device provided by the present application.

请参阅图3，本申请中，天线装置中包括第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列，占据横向空间较大的第一天线阵列的谐振腔体阵列位于第二天线阵列的下方，第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列在纵向形成层叠结构。第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列在横向形成交错结构。第二天线阵列可以根据业务需求配置不同类型的天线，天线配置模式多元化，能够满足多种类型的信号的收发需求。Please refer to Figure 3. In this application, the antenna device includes a first antenna array and a second antenna array. The resonant cavity array of the first antenna array that occupies a larger lateral space is located below the second antenna array. The first antenna array and the second antenna array form a stacked structure in the longitudinal direction. The first antenna array and the second antenna array form a staggered structure laterally. The second antenna array can be configured with different types of antennas according to service requirements, and the antenna configuration modes are diversified, which can meet the requirements for sending and receiving various types of signals.

此外，第一天线阵列可以包括第一天线单元，第二天线阵列中包括多个第二天线单元。下面将结合附图，详细说明第一天线单元和第二天线阵列包括的结构及其对应功能。In addition, the first antenna array may include a first antenna unit, and the second antenna array may include a plurality of second antenna units. The structures and corresponding functions included in the first antenna unit and the second antenna array will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

图4为本申请提供的一种第一天线单元和第二天线阵列的结构示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first antenna unit and a second antenna array provided in the present application.

请参阅图4，第一天线单元30包括辐射盖板301、谐振腔302、馈电探针303和馈电板304，辐射盖板301的第一表面上包括拉伸辐射口305，谐振腔302包括谐振腔体306，第二电线阵列40包括多个第二天线单元401，可选的，当第二天线阵列40为由多个平面天线单元组成的天线板时，第二天线单元还可以包括多个避让槽或辐射槽402。可选的，拉伸辐射305口与一个辐射槽或避让槽402连接。Referring to Fig. 4, the first antenna unit 30 includes a radiation cover 301, a resonant cavity 302, a feeding probe 303 and a feeding plate 304, the first surface of the radiation cover 301 includes a stretched radiation port 305, and the resonant cavity 302 Including the resonant cavity 306, the second wire array 40 includes a plurality of second antenna units 401. Optionally, when the second antenna array 40 is an antenna board composed of a plurality of planar antenna units, the second antenna unit may also include A plurality of escape slots or radiation slots 402 . Optionally, the port of the stretching radiation 305 is connected with a radiation groove or avoidance groove 402 .

本申请中，辐射盖板301的第二表面覆盖于谐振腔302的第一表面。馈电探针303位于谐振腔体306内，馈电探针303的第一端与馈电板304连接。馈电板304的第一面覆盖于谐振腔302的第二表面。In this application, the second surface of the radiation cover 301 covers the first surface of the resonant cavity 302 . The feeding probe 303 is located in the resonant cavity 306 , and the first end of the feeding probe 303 is connected to the feeding board 304 . The first surface of the feed plate 304 covers the second surface of the resonant cavity 302 .

下面结合附图，详细说明本申请中，组成天线装置的各个构件的作用。The function of each component constituting the antenna device in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(1)辐射盖板。(1) Radiation cover.

图5为本申请提供的天线装置的另一种结构示意图。FIG. 5 is another schematic structural diagram of the antenna device provided by the present application.

本申请中，辐射盖板上包括的拉伸辐射口是第一天线单元的辐射结构，其对偶天线是偶极子天线。本申请将辐射口拉伸后形成一个垂直于谐振腔的结构，为第二天线阵列的集成提供可灵活调整的纵向空间。由于拉伸辐射口的缝隙宽度较小，因此为第二天线阵列的集成提供了较大的横向空间。In this application, the stretched radiation opening included on the radiation cover is the radiation structure of the first antenna unit, and its dual antenna is a dipole antenna. In the present application, the radiation port is stretched to form a structure perpendicular to the resonant cavity, which provides a flexibly adjustable longitudinal space for the integration of the second antenna array. Since the slit width of the stretched radiation opening is small, a large lateral space is provided for the integration of the second antenna array.

图6为本申请提供的天线装置的一实施例示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the antenna device provided by the present application.

本申请中，天线装置中腔体开缝导致的不连续性使得其中的谐振模式激励起缝隙处产生如图6所示的电场，缝隙中的场进一步辐射到空间中。In this application, the discontinuity caused by the slit in the cavity of the antenna device makes the resonant mode therein excite the slit to generate an electric field as shown in FIG. 6 , and the field in the slit further radiates into the space.

(2)谐振腔。(2) Resonant cavity.

图7为本申请提供的谐振腔的一实施例示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a resonant cavity provided by the present application.

请参阅图7，本申请中，谐振腔可以为该第一天线单元的辐射或接收提供所需的谐振结构。当第一天线单元发射电磁波时，探针激励起相应的模式，此模式在谐振腔的谐振腔体中振荡并激励缝隙处的场。当第一天线单元接收电磁波时，缝隙处的场激励起同发射模式相类似的腔模，腔模进一步激励起探针的表面电流(对应接收)。Referring to FIG. 7 , in this application, the resonant cavity can provide a required resonant structure for the radiation or reception of the first antenna unit. When the first antenna element emits electromagnetic waves, the probe excites a corresponding mode, which oscillates in the resonant cavity of the resonant cavity and excites the field at the gap. When the first antenna unit receives electromagnetic waves, the field at the slot excites a cavity mode similar to the emission mode, and the cavity mode further excites the surface current of the probe (corresponding to reception).

图8为本申请提供的谐振腔的另一实施例示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the resonant cavity provided by the present application.

请参阅图8，本申请中，对于采用差分馈电形式的天线，腔体中的电场在某一时刻的分布可以如图8所示。Please refer to FIG. 8 . In this application, for an antenna using differential feeding, the distribution of the electric field in the cavity at a certain moment may be shown in FIG. 8 .

本申请中，为便于上层第二天线阵列的射频、电源与控制走线以及减重和散热等方面的设计，可选的，谐振腔体的形状可以为六棱柱，立方体或圆柱。谐振腔体的形状也可以是其它的结构，具体此处不做限定。In this application, in order to facilitate the design of the radio frequency, power supply and control wiring, weight reduction and heat dissipation of the second antenna array on the upper layer, optionally, the shape of the resonant cavity can be a hexagonal prism, a cube or a cylinder. The shape of the resonant cavity may also be other structures, which are not specifically limited here.

(3)馈电探针。(3) Feed probe.

本申请中，馈电探针的作用是，当天线处于发射态时其激励起腔体中的谐振模式，处于接收态时腔体中的谐振模在馈电探针上产生激励电流，电流通过连接器进入馈电网络。馈电网络的作用是，当天线发射电磁波信号时将一路信号功分为两路或多路信号并馈入探针，当天线接收电磁波信号时将探针传输下来的两路或多路信号合并为一路。进一步的，当天线采用差分馈电方式时，馈电网络的另一作用是将原先给一个探针馈电的信号一分为二并在其中一路上提供180°相差，然后将两路反相的信号激励一对探针。In this application, the function of the feeding probe is that when the antenna is in the transmitting state, it excites the resonant mode in the cavity, and when it is in the receiving state, the resonant mode in the cavity generates an excitation current on the feeding probe, and the current passes through The connector enters the feed network. The function of the feed network is to divide one signal into two or more signals and feed them into the probe when the antenna emits the electromagnetic wave signal, and combine the two or more signals transmitted by the probe when the antenna receives the electromagnetic wave signal for all the way. Furthermore, when the antenna adopts a differential feeding method, another function of the feeding network is to divide the signal that was originally fed to a probe into two and provide a 180° phase difference on one of the routes, and then reverse the phase of the two routes The signal excites a pair of probes.

本申请中，第一天线单元中包括的馈电探针的数量与第一天线单元的类型也有关系。第一天线单元包括双线极化天线或单极化天线，单极化天线包括圆极化天线或线极化天线。In the present application, the number of feeding probes included in the first antenna unit is also related to the type of the first antenna unit. The first antenna unit includes a dual-polarized antenna or a single-polarized antenna, and the single-polarized antenna includes a circularly polarized antenna or a linearly polarized antenna.

图9为本申请提供的馈电探针的另一实施例示意图。Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the feeding probe provided by the present application.

请参阅图9，若第一天线单元为单极化天线。可选的，第一天线单元中可以包括两个馈电探针，第一天线单元可以采用如图9所示的差分馈电的方式进行馈电。Please refer to FIG. 9, if the first antenna unit is a single-polarized antenna. Optionally, the first antenna unit may include two feeding probes, and the first antenna unit may be fed in a differential feeding manner as shown in FIG. 9 .

图10为本申请提供的馈电探针的另一实施例示意图。Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the feeding probe provided by the present application.

请参阅图10，若第一天线单元为单极化天线。可选的，第一天线单元中可以包括一个馈电探针，第一天线单元可以采用如图10所示的单馈点的方式对第一天线单元进行馈电。Please refer to FIG. 10 , if the first antenna unit is a single-polarized antenna. Optionally, a feeding probe may be included in the first antenna unit, and the first antenna unit may feed the first antenna unit in the manner of a single feed point as shown in FIG. 10 .

本申请中，馈电探针也可以具有多种类型，可选的，馈电探针的形状可以是单极子探针型、馈电探针的形状可以是环形，馈电探针的形状可以是L形，馈电探针的形状还可以是其它类型，具体此处不做限定。下面以具体的示例来说明馈电探针的不同类型。In this application, the feeding probe can also have multiple types. Optionally, the shape of the feeding probe can be a monopole probe type, the shape of the feeding probe can be ring-shaped, and the shape of the feeding probe can be It may be L-shaped, and the shape of the feeding probe may also be of other types, which are not specifically limited here. The different types of feed probes are illustrated below with specific examples.

图11为本申请提供的馈电探针的另一实施例示意图。Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the feeding probe provided by the present application.

请参阅图11，示例性的，假设第一天线单元以塑料金属化的方式实现。以塑料金属化实现第一天线单元时，可以将第一天线单元拆分为4个部分：被拉伸的辐射槽与辐射盖板作为一个整体进行加工。馈电探针的类型可以为如图11所的单极子型、L形以及环形等三种实现方式所示的馈电探针。可选的，辐射盖板、包括馈电探针的馈电模块、没有上表面的谐振腔体以及馈电板。这四个部分可以通过螺装、点焊等多种方式进行结构的固定以及实现结构的连接。Referring to FIG. 11 , for example, it is assumed that the first antenna unit is implemented in a plastic metallization manner. When the first antenna unit is realized by plastic metallization, the first antenna unit can be divided into four parts: the stretched radiation groove and the radiation cover plate are processed as a whole. The type of the feeding probe can be the feeding probe shown in three implementation modes of monopole type, L-shaped and ring type as shown in FIG. 11 . Optionally, a radiation cover, a feed module including a feed probe, a resonant cavity without an upper surface, and a feed board. These four parts can be fixed and connected by various methods such as screw mounting and spot welding.

本申请中，为了提升信号的接收效率，可以对第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列的辐射面进行进一步配置，具体的实现方式将在下面的实施例中进行说明。In this application, in order to improve signal receiving efficiency, the radiation surfaces of the first antenna array and the second antenna array may be further configured, and specific implementation methods will be described in the following embodiments.

本申请中，可选的，第一天线阵列的辐射面和第二天线阵列的辐射面可以位于同一平面内，这样，第一天线阵列和第二天阵列元之间可以避免相互遮挡导致的对于信号的影响。此外，还避免了第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列之间的结构干涉问题，进一步提升了第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列接收信号的效率。In this application, optionally, the radiating surface of the first antenna array and the radiating surface of the second antenna array can be located in the same plane, so that mutual shading between the first antenna array and the second array elements can avoid the influence of the signal. In addition, the problem of structural interference between the first antenna array and the second antenna array is avoided, and the efficiency of receiving signals by the first antenna array and the second antenna array is further improved.

本申请中，第一天线单元和第二天线单元可以有不同的实现形式，具体的实现形式将在下面的实施例中进行说明。In this application, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit may have different implementation forms, and specific implementation forms will be described in the following embodiments.

本申请中，可选的，第一天线单元可以是背腔缝隙天线，第一天线单元可以是其它类型的天线，具体此处不做限定。In this application, optionally, the first antenna unit may be a cavity-backed slot antenna, and the first antenna unit may be another type of antenna, which is not specifically limited here.

本申请中，可选的，第二天线单元可以是平面天线，第二天线单元也可以是端射型天线，第二天线阵列还可以是其它类型的天线，具体此处不做限定。In this application, optionally, the second antenna unit may be a planar antenna, the second antenna unit may also be an end-fire antenna, and the second antenna array may also be other types of antennas, which are not specifically limited here.

可以理解的是，可选的，若第二天线单元为平面天线，该第二天线单元可以是PCB天线、液晶天线、漏波天线、波导天线或者是其它类型的平面天线，具体此处不做限定。It can be understood that, optionally, if the second antenna unit is a planar antenna, the second antenna unit may be a PCB antenna, a liquid crystal antenna, a leaky wave antenna, a waveguide antenna or other types of planar antennas, which are not specifically described here. limited.

可以理解的是，可选的，若第二天线单元为端射型天线，该第二天线单元可以是偶极子天线、磁偶极子天线、八木天线或者其它类型的端射型天线，具体此处不做限定。It can be understood that, optionally, if the second antenna unit is an end-fire antenna, the second antenna unit may be a dipole antenna, a magnetic dipole antenna, a Yagi antenna or other types of end-fire antennas, specifically There is no limit here.

上面的实施例说明了第二天线单元的多种具体的实现方式，下面的实施例将结合附图具体讲述第一天线单元中，拉伸辐射口和辐射槽或避让槽之间的多种连接方式。The above embodiments have described multiple specific implementations of the second antenna unit, and the following embodiments will specifically describe various connections between the stretched radiation port and the radiation slot or avoidance slot in the first antenna unit with reference to the accompanying drawings Way.

方式一：嵌套连接。Method 1: nested connection.

图12为本申请提供的一种拉伸辐射口和避让槽之间的连接关系示意图。Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the stretching radiation opening and the escape groove provided by the present application.

请参阅图12，本申请中，可选的，第二天线阵列上开通有辐射槽或避让槽，当第二天线阵列为由多个平面天线单元组成的天线板时，天线板上可以刻蚀有为避免第一天线阵列信号受遮挡而刻蚀的避让槽，避让槽的尺寸与拉伸辐射口的横截面尺寸相同。第一天线单元中包括的辐射盖板上的拉伸辐射口的顶端可以直接嵌套于避让槽内。Please refer to Figure 12. In this application, optionally, the second antenna array is provided with radiation slots or avoidance slots. When the second antenna array is an antenna board composed of multiple planar antenna elements, the antenna board can be etched There is an escape groove etched to prevent the signal of the first antenna array from being blocked, and the size of the avoidance groove is the same as the cross-sectional dimension of the elongated radiation opening. The top end of the stretched radiation opening on the radiation cover included in the first antenna unit can be directly nested in the avoidance groove.

方式二：贴合连接。Method 2: Fit connection.

图13为本申请提供的另一种拉伸辐射口和辐射槽之间的连接关系示意图。Fig. 13 is another schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the stretching radiation opening and the radiation groove provided by the present application.

请参阅图13，本申请中，可选的，为避免第一天线阵列所收发的信号受到遮挡，第二天线阵列上开通有同第一天线单元中包括的辐射盖板上的拉伸辐射口的内侧尺寸相同的辐射槽，第一天线单元中包括的辐射盖板上的拉伸辐射口的顶端可以紧贴于第二天线板的辐射槽的下表面。Please refer to Fig. 13. In this application, optionally, in order to avoid the signals sent and received by the first antenna array from being blocked, the second antenna array has the same stretched radiation opening on the radiation cover included in the first antenna unit. The top of the stretched radiation opening on the radiation cover included in the first antenna unit can be in close contact with the lower surface of the radiation slot of the second antenna plate.

图14为本申请提供的另一种拉伸辐射口和辐射槽之间的连接关系示意图。Fig. 14 is another schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the stretching radiation opening and the radiation groove provided by the present application.

请参阅图14，可选的，为了提升信号收发时的成功率，该种可能的实现方式中，第二天线板上开通的辐射槽的侧壁可以是金属材料。可选的，该金属材料可以通过电镀的方式装配于辐射槽的侧壁，也可以通过其它的方式装配于辐射槽的侧壁，具体此处不做限定。Please refer to FIG. 14. Optionally, in order to improve the success rate of signal transmission and reception, in this possible implementation manner, the sidewall of the radiation groove opened on the second antenna board may be made of metal material. Optionally, the metal material may be assembled on the sidewall of the radiation groove by electroplating, or may be assembled on the sidewall of the radiation groove by other methods, which are not specifically limited here.

图15为本申请提供的另一种拉伸辐射口和辐射槽之间的连接关系示意图。Fig. 15 is another schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the stretching radiation opening and the radiation groove provided by the present application.

请参阅图15，可选的，为了提升信号收发时的成功率，该种可能的实现方式中，第二天线板上开通的辐射槽的侧壁周围包括多个金属通孔。Referring to FIG. 15 , optionally, in order to improve the success rate of signal transmission and reception, in this possible implementation manner, a plurality of metal through holes are included around the sidewall of the radiation groove opened on the second antenna board.

上面的实施例说明了拉伸辐射口和辐射槽或避让槽之间的多种连接方式，下面的实施例将结合附图具体讲述第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列的共口径方式。The above embodiments have described various connection modes between the stretching radiation opening and the radiation slots or avoidance slots, and the following embodiments will specifically describe the common-aperture mode of the first antenna array and the second antenna array with reference to the drawings.

图16为本申请提供的一种第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列之间的共口径方式示意图。Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a co-aperture mode between the first antenna array and the second antenna array provided by the present application.

请参阅图16，本申请中，第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列可以是在整个阵面内共口径，也可以是部分区域共口径，例如，从方位上来看，可以是左上区域共口径、中间区域共口径以及中上区域共口径，还可以是其它区域共口径，具体此处不做限定。Please refer to Fig. 16. In this application, the first antenna array and the second antenna array can have a common aperture in the entire array, or a common aperture in some areas. For example, from the perspective of azimuth, it can be a common aperture in the upper left area, The common caliber of the middle area and the common caliber of the middle and upper areas may also be the common caliber of other areas, which are not limited here.

上面的实施例说明了第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列的共口径方式，下面的实施例将结合附图说明第二天线阵列的类型。The above embodiments have described the common-aperture mode of the first antenna array and the second antenna array, and the following embodiments will describe the type of the second antenna array with reference to the drawings.

图17为本申请提供的一种第二天线阵列的布阵方式示意图。FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement manner of a second antenna array provided by the present application.

请参阅图17，本申请中，可选的，第二天线阵列可以是周期性阵列、稀疏阵列、稀布阵列或以非规则子阵布阵的阵列天线，第二天线阵列还可以是其它类型的天线阵列，具体此处不做限定。Please refer to Figure 17. In this application, optionally, the second antenna array can be a periodic array, a sparse array, a sparse array or an array antenna arranged in an irregular sub-array, and the second antenna array can also be of other types The antenna array is not limited here.

此外，第二天线阵列还可以是单频段天线或多频段天线，第二天线阵列还可以是其它类型的天线阵列，具体此处不做限定。In addition, the second antenna array may also be a single-band antenna or a multi-band antenna, and the second antenna array may also be another type of antenna array, which is not specifically limited here.

图18为本申请提供的另一种第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列之间的共口径方式示意图。FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of another common-aperture mode between the first antenna array and the second antenna array provided by the present application.

请参阅图18，示例性的，若第二天线阵列是多频段天线时，其可以以分口径方式同第一天线阵列共口径，也可以以共口径方式同第一天线阵列共口径，如图18所示。对于前者，每一个频段的天线可以以图17所示的阵元布阵方式进行布阵。Please refer to Figure 18. For example, if the second antenna array is a multi-band antenna, it can share the aperture with the first antenna array in a split-aperture manner, or share the aperture with the first antenna array in a common-aperture manner, as shown in the figure 18. For the former, the antennas of each frequency band can be arranged in the manner of array elements shown in Fig. 17 .

上述实施例结合附图具体讲述了本申请提供的天线装置的多种实现方式，下面将结合附图阐述申请提供的天线装置的生产方法。The above-mentioned embodiments specifically describe various implementation modes of the antenna device provided by the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the production method of the antenna device provided by the application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

图19为本申请提供的一种天线装置的生产流程示意图。FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the production process of an antenna device provided in the present application.

请参阅图19，本申请中，由第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列组成的共口径天线装置，可以按照如图19所示的流程进行加工和装配。第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列均可以采用机加工的方式以及PCB/LTCC/HTCC类型的加工工艺进行加工。Please refer to FIG. 19 , in this application, the co-aperture antenna device composed of the first antenna array and the second antenna array can be processed and assembled according to the process shown in FIG. 19 . Both the first antenna array and the second antenna array can be processed by machining and PCB/LTCC/HTCC type processing technology.

示例性的，首先可以通过焊接的方式将第一天线阵列中包括的馈电探针焊接到第一天线阵列中谐振腔底部的馈电板上。其次，可以通过螺装或焊接的方式将第一天线阵列中辐射盖板和第一天线阵列中谐振腔的上表面紧固并结合为一个整体。然后，可以通过螺装、焊接等方式将第一天线阵列的馈电板固定到第一天线阵列中的谐振腔的下表面上并点焊接头针，也即连接器的内导体。最后，通过螺装等方式将第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列紧固并结合为一个整体。Exemplarily, first, the feeding probes included in the first antenna array may be welded to the feeding board at the bottom of the resonant cavity in the first antenna array by welding. Secondly, the radiation cover in the first antenna array and the upper surface of the resonant cavity in the first antenna array can be fastened and combined as a whole by means of screwing or welding. Then, the feeder plate of the first antenna array can be fixed on the lower surface of the resonant cavity in the first antenna array by screwing, welding, etc., and spot welding the header pin, that is, the inner conductor of the connector. Finally, the first antenna array and the second antenna array are fastened and integrated into a whole by means of screw mounting or the like.

上述图1至图19所示的实施例结合附图具体讲述了本申请提供的天线装置的多种实现方式以及天线装置的生产方法，下面将结合附图以一个具体的示例来说明本申请提供的天线装置。The above-mentioned embodiments shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 19 specifically describe various implementation modes of the antenna device provided by the present application and the production method of the antenna device in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and a specific example will be used to illustrate the antenna device provided by the present application below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. antenna device.

图20为本申请提供的一种天线装置的一种应用示意图。FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of an application of an antenna device provided in the present application.

请参阅图20，本申请中，以图20所示的低频/毫米波双极化共口径有源相控阵天线为例来说明本申请提供的天线装置。Please refer to FIG. 20 . In this application, the antenna device provided by this application is described by taking the low-frequency/millimeter wave dual-polarization common-aperture active phased array antenna shown in FIG. 20 as an example.

本申请中，毫米波阵列天线和低频阵列中心区域的阵元共口径。低频天线(第一天线阵列)与毫米波天线(第二天线阵列)的连接方式以图14所示的方式连接，即低频天线的辐射缝隙(拉伸辐射口)与毫米波天线板的下表面紧密贴合，毫米波天线板上开有槽缝(辐射槽)且槽缝的侧壁被金属化。低频段天线的工作频段可以为3.4GHz至3.6GHz,毫米波天线的工作频段可以为26GHz至29GHz。低频阵列的规模为6×6，以矩形栅格布阵，阵元的横向间距为dx＝49mm,纵向间距为dy＝54.6mm。毫米波阵列规模为27×24，分为9个相同的子阵。每个子阵内的阵元横向和纵向间距均为dx＝dy＝5.6mm。子阵之间留有d＝3.7mm的间隙以便兼容低频天线的辐射缝隙。In this application, the array elements in the central area of the millimeter-wave array antenna and the low-frequency array share the same aperture. The low-frequency antenna (the first antenna array) is connected to the millimeter-wave antenna (the second antenna array) in the manner shown in Figure 14, that is, the radiation slot (stretched radiation port) of the low-frequency antenna is connected to the lower surface of the millimeter-wave antenna board Tight fit, slots (radiation slots) are opened on the mmWave antenna plate and the side walls of the slots are metallized. The working frequency band of the low frequency antenna can be 3.4GHz to 3.6GHz, and the working frequency band of the millimeter wave antenna can be 26GHz to 29GHz. The scale of the low-frequency array is 6×6, and it is arranged in a rectangular grid. The horizontal spacing of the array elements is dx=49mm, and the vertical spacing is dy=54.6mm. The size of the millimeter wave array is 27×24, which is divided into 9 identical sub-arrays. The horizontal and vertical spacing of array elements in each sub-array is dx=dy=5.6mm. There is a gap of d=3.7mm between the sub-arrays to be compatible with the radiation gap of the low-frequency antenna.

图21为本申请提供的一种天线装置的另一种应用示意图。Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of another application of an antenna device provided in the present application.

请参阅图21，本申请中，低频天线与毫米波天线分离后的示意图如图21所示，两者均是可独立工作的天线，因此，将分别说明两者的组成和工作原理。Please refer to Figure 21. In this application, the schematic diagram of the separation of the low-frequency antenna and the millimeter-wave antenna is shown in Figure 21. Both are antennas that can work independently. Therefore, the composition and working principle of the two will be described separately.

图22为本申请提供的一种低频天线的结构示意图。FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-frequency antenna provided by the present application.

请参阅图22，本申请中，低频天线的组成示意图如图22所示。同图2所示的阵列天线的组成相比，此实施例中的低频天线增加了缝隙盖板和支撑馈电探针用的底座。Please refer to FIG. 22 . In this application, a schematic diagram of the composition of the low-frequency antenna is shown in FIG. 22 . Compared with the composition of the array antenna shown in Fig. 2, the low-frequency antenna in this embodiment adds a slot cover plate and a base for supporting the feeding probe.

本申请中，缝隙盖板可以降低非共口径的低频天线的后向辐射，并增强前向辐射。此外，缝隙盖板还可以保持同共口径区域中的低频天线有相同的辐射特性。In this application, the slot cover plate can reduce the backward radiation of the non-common-aperture low-frequency antenna and enhance the forward radiation. In addition, the slot cover can also maintain the same radiation characteristics as the low frequency antenna in the common aperture area.

图23为本申请提供的一种低频天线的结构示意图。FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-frequency antenna provided by the present application.

请参阅图23，低频天线可细分为如图23所示的两类天线：一类是有缝隙盖板的低频天线。其中，缝隙盖板可以是金属盖板、塑料金属化盖板，也可以是有金属涂覆层的介质板，还可以是其它类型的盖板，具体此处不做限定。一类是无直接金属盖板的低频天线。虽然这类天线无直接金属盖板结构，但毫米波天线板则充当了实际缝隙盖板所起的作用，即降低后向辐射，并增强前向辐射。Please refer to Figure 23, the low-frequency antenna can be subdivided into two types of antennas as shown in Figure 23: one is the low-frequency antenna with a slotted cover. Wherein, the gap cover plate may be a metal cover plate, a plastic metallized cover plate, a dielectric plate with a metal coating layer, or other types of cover plates, which are not specifically limited here. One type is a low-frequency antenna without a direct metal cover. Although this type of antenna has no direct metal cover structure, the mmWave antenna plate acts as the actual slot cover, which reduces backward radiation and enhances forward radiation.

本申请中，支撑底座的可以防止馈电探针在安装、测试和使用过程中发生形变，从而影响到低频天线的性能。在此实施例中，支撑底座的材质为聚四氟乙烯，支撑底座的材料还可以是其它类型的材料，具体此处不做限定。In this application, the supporting base can prevent the feeding probe from being deformed during installation, testing and use, thereby affecting the performance of the low-frequency antenna. In this embodiment, the material of the support base is polytetrafluoroethylene, and the material of the support base may also be other types of materials, which are not limited here.

图24为本申请提供的一种馈电网络的结构示意图。Fig. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding network provided by the present application.

请参阅图24，本实施例中，低频天线可以采用差分馈电形式，如图24所示。对于每一个极化端口，通过等功分馈电，并在一端引入180°的相移线以实现差分馈电。Please refer to FIG. 24 , in this embodiment, the low-frequency antenna may adopt a differential feeding form, as shown in FIG. 24 . For each polarized port, feed through equal power division, and introduce a 180° phase shift line at one end to realize differential feed.

图25为本申请提供的一种电场分布示意图。FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of an electric field distribution provided by the present application.

请参阅图25，本实施例中，可选的，低频天线可以工作于双极化状态，也可工作于单线极化工作状态。对两极化端口同时馈电时激励起腔体中的两个正交模式，这两个正交的模式将分别激励正交缝隙中的对应缝隙，从而辐射极化正交的两线极化波，如图25所示。Please refer to FIG. 25 , in this embodiment, optionally, the low-frequency antenna can work in a dual-polarized state or in a single-polarized state. When the two polarized ports are fed simultaneously, two orthogonal modes in the cavity are excited, and the two orthogonal modes will respectively excite the corresponding slots in the orthogonal slots, thereby radiating two orthogonally polarized waves , as shown in Figure 25.

图26为本申请提供的一种馈电探针的表面电流分布示意图。Fig. 26 is a schematic diagram of surface current distribution of a feeding probe provided in the present application.

请参阅图26，本实施例中，为了更清楚地说明低频单元的工作原理，以单端口激励线极化波为例进行说明。当激励水平极化端口时，对应探针的表面电流如图26所示。可以看到：两探针上的表面电流的流向是总是相反的。Please refer to FIG. 26. In this embodiment, in order to illustrate the working principle of the low-frequency unit more clearly, a single-port excitation linearly polarized wave is taken as an example for illustration. When the horizontally polarized port is excited, the surface current corresponding to the probe is shown in Fig. 26. It can be seen that the flow directions of the surface currents on the two probes are always opposite.

图27为本申请提供的一种谐振腔内的电场分布示意图。Fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of electric field distribution in a resonant cavity provided by the present application.

请参阅图27，本实施例中，在水平极化端口对应的两探针所张成的平面上，探针激励的电场的分布如图27所示。探针周围的场的指向与探针的侧面是垂直的。在某一时刻，两馈电探针之间的场总是由其中的一个探针指向另外一个探针，当场在传输的过程中遇到缝隙这一不连续性的结构时会有场从缝隙辐射到空间中。Please refer to FIG. 27 . In this embodiment, on the plane formed by the two probes corresponding to the horizontally polarized ports, the distribution of the electric field excited by the probes is shown in FIG. 27 . The direction of the field around the probe is perpendicular to the sides of the probe. At a certain moment, the field between the two feeding probes is always directed from one of the probes to the other. When the field encounters the discontinuous structure of the gap during transmission, the field will flow from the gap radiate into space.

图28为本申请提供的另一种谐振腔内的电场和磁场分布示意图。Fig. 28 is a schematic diagram of electric field and magnetic field distribution in another resonant cavity provided by the present application.

请参阅图28，本实施例中，在与上述平面正交的平面上，也即在垂直极化对应的两探针所张成的平面上，天线内部和空间中的电场和磁场分布如图28所示。由图28可知如下特征：Please refer to Fig. 28. In this embodiment, on the plane orthogonal to the above-mentioned plane, that is, on the plane formed by the two probes corresponding to the vertical polarization, the electric field and magnetic field distribution inside the antenna and in the space are shown in the figure 28. The following features can be seen from Figure 28:

(1)特征一：(1) Feature 1:

本实施例中，两探针激励的电场和磁场是通过位于两者之间的缝隙而辐射到空间中。在与此正交的缝隙中，只有微弱的电磁波辐射出去，且辐射出去的场的方向相反，因此得以抵消，从而交叉极化分量低。In this embodiment, the electric field and magnetic field excited by the two probes are radiated into the space through the gap between them. In the slot orthogonal to this, only weak electromagnetic waves radiate out, and the direction of the radiated field is opposite, so they are canceled, so that the cross-polarization component is low.

(2)特征二：(2) Feature 2:

本实施例中，抬高的缝隙没有改变缝隙天线的谐振模式和辐射方式，只是起到传输的作用，所以为毫米波天线的集成提供了可灵活调整的纵向空间；In this embodiment, the raised slot does not change the resonance mode and radiation mode of the slot antenna, but only plays a role of transmission, so it provides a flexible and adjustable longitudinal space for the integration of millimeter wave antennas;

(3)特征三：(3) Feature three:

本实施例中，缝隙中的电场的场强分布呈现出中间大，两边小的特点；磁场的场强分布则呈现出中间小、两边大的特点。In this embodiment, the field intensity distribution of the electric field in the gap presents a characteristic of being large in the middle and small on both sides; the field intensity distribution of the magnetic field is characterized by being small in the middle and large on both sides.

(4)特征四：(4) Feature four:

本实施例中，在任意时刻，空间中的磁场线和天线中的磁场线形成闭环回路。In this embodiment, at any moment, the magnetic field lines in the space and the magnetic field lines in the antenna form a closed loop.

(5)特征五：(5) Feature five:

本实施例中，与电偶极子的电场呈谐振现象所不同的是，此缝隙天线的磁场呈谐振现象，所以抬高的缝隙口面依然是一磁流面。In this embodiment, different from the resonance phenomenon of the electric field of the electric dipole, the magnetic field of the slot antenna is a resonance phenomenon, so the raised surface of the slot is still a magnetic flow surface.

图29为本申请提供的一种毫米波天线的结构示意图。FIG. 29 is a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter wave antenna provided by the present application.

请参阅图29，本实施例中，对于如图29所示的采用HDI工艺加工的毫米波PCB天线，单元天线为双极化的缝隙耦合馈电天线。为拓展带宽，在主辐射贴片的基础上增加了寄生贴片，且对两贴片各自的四个角进行切角处理。Please refer to FIG. 29. In this embodiment, for the millimeter-wave PCB antenna processed by the HDI process as shown in FIG. 29, the unit antenna is a dual-polarized slot-coupled feeding antenna. In order to expand the bandwidth, a parasitic patch is added on the basis of the main radiation patch, and the four corners of the two patches are chamfered.

图30为本申请提供的一种毫米波天线的叠层示意图。FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram of stacking of a millimeter-wave antenna provided in the present application.

请参阅图30，本实施例中，毫米波天线的叠层示意图如图30所示，最下面的5层为控制和电源线路层，地(GND)层的上面分别是馈线层、缝隙层、主辐射贴片和寄生贴片。为降低天线层数，将缝隙和馈线进行弯折设计，从而可以在同一层内集成双极化缝隙馈电结构。Please refer to FIG. 30. In this embodiment, the stacked diagram of the millimeter-wave antenna is shown in FIG. 30. The bottom five layers are the control and power line layers, and the upper layers of the ground (GND) layer are the feeder layer, slot layer, The main radiation patch and the parasitic patch. In order to reduce the number of antenna layers, the slot and the feeder are designed to be bent, so that the dual-polarized slot feed structure can be integrated in the same layer.

图31为本申请提供的不同馈电状态下的馈线与缝隙处的场强分布示意图。Fig. 31 is a schematic diagram of the field intensity distribution at the feeder line and the slot under different feeding states provided by the present application.

请参阅图31，本实施例中，不同馈电状态下的馈线与缝隙处的场分布如图31所示。两种极化的场分布关于斜对角线对称，水平极化端口和垂直极化端口的隔离较好。Please refer to FIG. 31 . In this embodiment, the field distributions at the feeder lines and slots under different feeding states are shown in FIG. 31 . The field distributions of the two polarizations are symmetrical about the diagonal lines, and the isolation between the horizontally polarized port and the vertically polarized port is better.

图32为本申请提供的不同时刻贴片周围的场分布示意图。Fig. 32 is a schematic diagram of the field distribution around the patch at different times provided by the present application.

请参阅图32，本实施例中，由于两个极化端口辐射的场关于斜对角线对称。为了更清楚地说明双极化贴片的辐射原理，只激励水平端口。贴片周围的场在不同时刻的分布如图32所示。带状线通过缝隙以磁耦合方式激励主辐射贴片，主辐射贴片的主模首先被激励；然后，主辐射贴片辐射的电磁场又激励起寄生贴片的主模；最后，寄生贴片将电磁波辐射到空间中。对于本实施例中的低频或毫米波阵列天线，其辐射原理同其它阵列天线相同，即所有同频单元辐射的电磁场在近场区矢量叠加，然后辐射至远区。Please refer to FIG. 32 , in this embodiment, the fields radiated by the two polarization ports are symmetrical about the diagonal line. In order to illustrate the radiation principle of the dual-polarized patch more clearly, only the horizontal port is excited. The distribution of the field around the patch at different moments is shown in Fig. 32. The stripline excites the main radiation patch by magnetic coupling through the gap, and the main mode of the main radiation patch is first excited; then, the electromagnetic field radiated by the main radiation patch excites the main mode of the parasitic patch; finally, the parasitic patch Radiate electromagnetic waves into space. For the low-frequency or millimeter-wave array antenna in this embodiment, its radiation principle is the same as that of other array antennas, that is, the electromagnetic fields radiated by all the same-frequency units are vectorially superimposed in the near-field area, and then radiated to the far area.

下面结合检测结果以及附图，来详细说明本实施例提供的天线装置的优势。The advantages of the antenna device provided by this embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the detection results and the accompanying drawings.

基于本申请所提出的“谐振结构层叠+辐射口面交错”共口面天线设计架构，解决了不同频段天线间的结构干涉问题以及辐射遮挡问题，共口径阵的高低频天线的性能同对应单频阵列性能非常接近。为了实现这一架构，采取了以下措施：Based on the "resonant structure stacking + radiation aperture interleaving" common-aperture antenna design framework proposed in this application, the structural interference problem and radiation shielding problem between antennas in different frequency bands are solved. Frequency array performance is very close. To realize this architecture, the following measures were taken:

措施一：Measure one:

本实施例中，低频3.5GHz天线采用双极化的缝隙背腔天线，在不改变其辐射方式的情况下将其细窄的缝隙口面在纵向进行拉伸，以便为毫米波天线的集成提供横向与纵向空间。In this embodiment, the low-frequency 3.5GHz antenna adopts a dual-polarized slot-backed antenna, and its narrow slot surface is stretched longitudinally without changing its radiation mode, so as to provide Horizontal and vertical space.

措施二：Measure two:

本实施例中，在不影响低频天线结构的情况下，改进了辐射腔体的结构，并在其腔体阵列板以及馈电板上预留通孔，以便设计毫米波天线的控制和电源的走线，以及实现散热的设计预留空间。In this embodiment, without affecting the structure of the low-frequency antenna, the structure of the radiation cavity is improved, and through holes are reserved on the cavity array board and the feeder board, so as to design the control of the millimeter wave antenna and the power supply. traces, and the design reserved space for heat dissipation.

措施三：Measure three:

本实施例中，为了给低频天线的缝隙预留空间，毫米波阵列划分为9个子阵，每个子阵之间的距离增大3.7mm。In this embodiment, in order to reserve space for the slot of the low-frequency antenna, the millimeter wave array is divided into 9 sub-arrays, and the distance between each sub-array is increased by 3.7 mm.

措施四：Measure four:

本实施例中，毫米波双极化天线单元采用缝隙耦合馈电天线以实现宽的阻抗带宽和良好的辐射性能。In this embodiment, the millimeter-wave dual-polarized antenna unit uses a slot-coupled feed antenna to achieve a wide impedance bandwidth and good radiation performance.

措施五：Measure five:

本实施例中，毫米波有源PCB天线板采用HDI工艺进行加工，并将其扣在低频天线板上方，而低频天线的辐射面与毫米波天线的辐射贴片位于同一水平面。因此，毫米波和低频天线在本身结构仅做小的改动的情况下实现结构共存且两者的辐射面位于同一水平面，从而均实现了良好的性能。In this embodiment, the millimeter-wave active PCB antenna board is processed by HDI technology, and it is fastened above the low-frequency antenna board, and the radiation surface of the low-frequency antenna is located on the same horizontal plane as the radiation patch of the millimeter-wave antenna. Therefore, the millimeter-wave and low-frequency antennas achieve structural coexistence with only minor changes in their structures, and the radiation surfaces of the two antennas are located on the same horizontal plane, thereby achieving good performance.

图33至36为本申请提供的低频天线阵列的仿真结果示意图。33 to 36 are schematic diagrams of the simulation results of the low-frequency antenna array provided by the present application.

请参阅图33至36，本申请中，低频阵列天线的仿真结果如图33至36所示，本申请中，图33为低频天线单元垂直和水平极化端口的S11示意图，图34为低频天线单元垂直和水平极化端口间的S12示意图，图35为低频水平极化阵列的扫描方向图，图36为低频水平极化阵列的主极化方向图和交叉极化方向图。由于水平极化阵列和垂直极化阵列相同，仅存在对称关系，所以方向图数据只给出水平极化阵列的方向图数据。S11的-10dB带宽达到400M；在要求的3.4GHz～3.6GHz频段范围内，垂直极化端口和水平极化端口间的隔离度达到50dB；当阵列波束在±60°的范围内扫描时，扫描下降为4.1dB；阵列的法向增益为20.5dBi，单元天线的平均增益为5dBi。阵列的交叉极化隔离高于27dB。Please refer to Figures 33 to 36. In this application, the simulation results of the low-frequency array antenna are shown in Figures 33 to 36. In this application, Figure 33 is a schematic diagram of S11 of the vertical and horizontal polarization ports of the low-frequency antenna unit, and Figure 34 is a low-frequency antenna. The schematic diagram of S12 between the vertical and horizontal polarization ports of the unit, Figure 35 is the scanning pattern of the low-frequency horizontal polarization array, and Figure 36 is the main polarization pattern and cross-polarization pattern of the low-frequency horizontal polarization array. Because the horizontal polarization array and the vertical polarization array are the same, there is only a symmetrical relationship, so the pattern data only gives the pattern data of the horizontal polarization array. The -10dB bandwidth of the S11 reaches 400M; in the required frequency range of 3.4GHz to 3.6GHz, the isolation between the vertically polarized port and the horizontally polarized port reaches 50dB; when the array beam scans within the range of ±60°, the scanning The drop is 4.1dB; the normal gain of the array is 20.5dBi, and the average gain of the unit antenna is 5dBi. The cross-polarization isolation of the array is higher than 27dB.

图37至40为本申请提供的毫米波天线阵列的仿真结果示意图。37 to 40 are schematic diagrams of simulation results of the millimeter wave antenna array provided in the present application.

请参阅图37至40，本申请中，毫米波阵列天线的仿真结果如图37至40所示。本申请中，图37为毫米波天线单元垂直和水平极化端口的S11示意图，图38为毫米波天线单元垂直和水平极化端口间的S12示意图，图39为毫米波水平极化阵列的扫描方向图，图40为毫米波水平极化阵列的主极化方向图和交叉极化方向图。由于水平极化阵列和垂直极化阵列相同，仅存在对称关系，因此方向图数据只给出水平极化阵列的方向图数据。S11的-10dB带宽为3.6GHz；在要求的26GHz～29GHz的带宽范围内，垂直极化端口与水平极化端口间的隔离度高于27dB；当阵列波束在±45°的范围内扫描时，扫描下降为2.4dB；阵列的法向增益为33.5dBi，单元天线的平均增益为5.4dBi。阵列的交叉极化隔离高于31dB。Please refer to Figures 37 to 40. In this application, the simulation results of the millimeter wave array antenna are shown in Figures 37 to 40. In this application, Figure 37 is a schematic diagram of S11 between the vertical and horizontal polarization ports of the millimeter wave antenna unit, Figure 38 is a schematic diagram of S12 between the vertical and horizontal polarization ports of the millimeter wave antenna unit, and Figure 39 is the scanning of the millimeter wave horizontal polarization array Direction pattern, Figure 40 is the main polarization pattern and cross polarization pattern of the millimeter-wave horizontally polarized array. Because the horizontal polarization array and the vertical polarization array are the same, there is only a symmetrical relationship, so the pattern data only gives the pattern data of the horizontal polarization array. The -10dB bandwidth of the S11 is 3.6GHz; within the required bandwidth range of 26GHz to 29GHz, the isolation between the vertically polarized port and the horizontally polarized port is higher than 27dB; when the array beam scans within the range of ±45°, The scanning drop is 2.4dB; the normal gain of the array is 33.5dBi, and the average gain of the element antenna is 5.4dBi. The cross-polarization isolation of the array is higher than 31dB.

本实施例中，上述仿真结果证明了该共口径阵列中的毫米波阵列具备良好的性能。能够获得良好效果的原因是仅需要9×8的子阵之间增加3.7mm的间距，所以不会影响毫米波单元的结构，仅对布阵做小的改动。布阵改动所带来的影响是对副瓣波形和波束宽度有轻微的影响，如图33至40所示。可以看到如下特点：In this embodiment, the above simulation results prove that the millimeter-wave array in the common-aperture array has good performance. The reason why the good effect can be obtained is that only 3.7mm spacing needs to be added between the 9×8 sub-arrays, so the structure of the millimeter-wave unit will not be affected, and only a small change is made to the array. The effect of the array change is a slight effect on the sidelobe shape and beamwidth, as shown in Figures 33 to 40. You can see the following features:

特点一：Feature 1:

本实施例中，对于主波束附近的副瓣，两中阵列的差别小；对于远离主波束的副瓣，由于其电平值本就相对较低，所以实际差别也相对较小；In this embodiment, for the sidelobe near the main beam, the difference between the two arrays is small; for the sidelobe far away from the main beam, because the level value is relatively low, the actual difference is relatively small;

特点二：Feature 2:

本实施例中，由于拉大了子阵间的距离，使得整个阵面的口径有所增加，带来的效果是：阵列天线的增益有0.3dB的提升；波束宽度由4°收窄为3.7°。前者有利于提升阵列的覆盖距离，而后者对照射范围影响很小。In this embodiment, because the distance between the sub-arrays is widened, the aperture of the entire array is increased, and the effect is that the gain of the array antenna is improved by 0.3dB; the beam width is narrowed from 4° to 3.7° °. The former is beneficial to increase the coverage distance of the array, while the latter has little effect on the irradiation range.

本实施例中，3.5GHz的低频阵列采用双极化背腔缝隙天线，为有源相控阵天线；28GHz的毫米波阵列为采用HDI工艺的PCB天线，同样为双极化有源相控阵天线。两种有源相控阵天线的设计是解耦的，均可独立工作；将毫米波阵列板扣在低频阵列上，即可实现双频双极化共口径有源相控阵天线。In this embodiment, the 3.5GHz low-frequency array adopts a dual-polarization cavity-backed slot antenna, which is an active phased array antenna; the 28GHz millimeter-wave array is a PCB antenna using HDI technology, which is also a dual-polarization active phased array antenna. The designs of the two active phased array antennas are decoupled and can work independently; the millimeter-wave array board is buckled on the low-frequency array to realize a dual-frequency, dual-polarization, and common-aperture active phased array antenna.

毫米波阵列划分为9个子阵，子阵之间的距离拉大3.7mm；子阵之间开有低频天线的十字形缝隙辐射口，以便低频天线的电磁波通过毫米波天线板；The millimeter-wave array is divided into 9 sub-arrays, and the distance between the sub-arrays is increased by 3.7mm; there is a cross-shaped slit radiation port for the low-frequency antenna between the sub-arrays, so that the electromagnetic waves of the low-frequency antenna can pass through the millimeter-wave antenna board;

此外，基于所提出的“谐振结构层叠+辐射口面交错”共口面天线设计架构，低频天线的谐振腔在毫米波天线板下方，通过纵向拉伸辐射缝隙使其辐射口紧贴毫米波天线板的下表面；同时，低频腔体和毫米波天线板之间预留有大的横向空间和可灵活调整的纵向空间，从而可集成毫米波天线的各类器件和散热结构；In addition, based on the proposed "resonant structure stacking + radiating port surface interleaving" common-port antenna design architecture, the resonant cavity of the low-frequency antenna is under the millimeter-wave antenna plate, and the radiation port is close to the millimeter-wave antenna by longitudinally stretching the radiation slot The lower surface of the board; at the same time, a large horizontal space and a flexibly adjustable vertical space are reserved between the low-frequency cavity and the millimeter-wave antenna board, so that various devices and heat dissipation structures of the millimeter-wave antenna can be integrated;

本实施例中，将低频天线的立方体谐振腔设计为六边形的柱体结构，然后在谐振腔体阵列板和馈电板上开设通孔阵列，为毫米波天线的走线和散热预留空间；In this embodiment, the cubic resonant cavity of the low-frequency antenna is designed as a hexagonal column structure, and then an array of through holes is opened on the resonant cavity array board and the feeder board to reserve for the wiring and heat dissipation of the millimeter wave antenna. space;

本实施例中，非共口径的第一天线阵列增加盖板以增强前向辐射并降低后向辐射，从而同共口径区域的单元保持一致的辐射特性。In this embodiment, a cover plate is added to the first antenna array not having a common aperture to enhance forward radiation and reduce backward radiation, so as to maintain consistent radiation characteristics with the units in the common aperture area.

本申请中提供的天线装置还具备如下优势。The antenna device provided in this application also has the following advantages.

优势一：配置灵活。Advantage 1: Flexible configuration.

本申请中，针对多频段共口径阵列天线设计的深度耦合所带来的配置不灵活问题，基于本方案提出的“叠层+交错”的共口径天线架构，第一天线单元采用背腔缝隙天线，第二天线单元可以是多种形式的天线，通过相应的改进和调整，可将第二天线阵列直接扣在第一天线单元上；同一个第一天线阵列可配置不同频段的第二天线阵列，且共口径面积灵活可调。In this application, aiming at the problem of inflexible configuration caused by the deep coupling of the multi-band co-aperture array antenna design, based on the "stacked + interleaved" co-aperture antenna architecture proposed in this scheme, the first antenna unit adopts cavity-backed slot antenna , the second antenna unit can be a variety of antennas, through corresponding improvements and adjustments, the second antenna array can be directly buckled on the first antenna unit; the same first antenna array can be configured with second antenna arrays of different frequency bands , and the common caliber area is flexible and adjustable.

优势二：设计简化，充分释放天线性能Advantage 2: Simplify the design and fully release the performance of the antenna

本申请中，针对多频段共口径天线设计的深度耦合所带来的设计复杂度高以及性能未充分释放的问题，基于上述第一点所述的方式，将天线设计问题转化为两个或多个单频段天线设计问题，从而设计得以简化，性能得以充分释放。In this application, aiming at the problems of high design complexity and insufficient release of performance brought about by the deep coupling of multi-band common-aperture antenna design, based on the method described in the first point above, the antenna design problem is transformed into two or more A single-band antenna design problem, so that the design is simplified and the performance can be fully released.

优势三：辐射无遮挡，且无结构干涉Advantage 3: no radiation shielding, and no structural interference

本申请中，针对多频段共口径阵列天线存在遮挡问题，且结构上存在一定的干涉问题，基于前述方式且将第一天线单元的缝隙辐射口(拉伸辐射口)拉伸至和第二天线阵列的辐射面相同的平面上，从而避免遮挡问题；通过改进第一天线单元的谐振腔体以及在腔体阵列板和馈电板上打孔，为毫米波天线的走线和散热提供了空间，从而避免结构干涉问题。In this application, in view of the occlusion problem of the multi-band co-aperture array antenna and certain interference problems in the structure, based on the aforementioned method, the slot radiation port (stretched radiation port) of the first antenna unit is stretched to the second antenna The radiating surface of the array is on the same plane, thereby avoiding the shading problem; by improving the resonant cavity of the first antenna unit and drilling holes on the cavity array board and the feed board, space is provided for the wiring and heat dissipation of the millimeter wave antenna , so as to avoid the structural interference problem.

优势四：支持多功能Advantage 4: Support multi-function

本申请中，针对大部分多频段共口径阵列天线并不支持双极化、波束扫描等功能的问题，基于上述方案的共口径阵列的第一天线单元和第二天线阵列均具备双极化、波束扫描等多种功能。In this application, in view of the problem that most multi-band co-aperture array antennas do not support functions such as dual polarization and beam scanning, the first antenna unit and the second antenna array of the co-aperture array based on the above scheme both have dual polarization, Beam scanning and other functions.

以上对本申请所提供的天线装置进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想。同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本申请的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。The antenna device provided by the present application has been introduced in detail above, and specific examples are used in this paper to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, based on the idea of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as limiting the application.

Claims

一种天线装置，其特征在于，所述天线装置包括第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列，所述第一天线阵列包括第一天线单元，所述第一天线单元包括辐射盖板、谐振腔、馈电探针和馈电板，所述辐射盖板的第一表面上包括拉伸辐射口，所述谐振腔包括谐振腔体，所述第二天线阵列包括多个第二天线单元；An antenna device, characterized in that the antenna device includes a first antenna array and a second antenna array, the first antenna array includes a first antenna unit, and the first antenna unit includes a radiation cover, a resonant cavity, A feeding probe and a feeding board, the first surface of the radiation cover includes a stretched radiation port, the resonant cavity includes a resonant cavity, and the second antenna array includes a plurality of second antenna units;

所述辐射盖板的第二表面覆盖于所述谐振腔的第一表面；The second surface of the radiation cover covers the first surface of the resonant cavity;

所述馈电探针位于所述谐振腔体内，所述馈电探针的第一端与所述馈电板连接；The feeding probe is located in the resonant cavity, and the first end of the feeding probe is connected to the feeding board;

所述馈电板的第一面覆盖于所述谐振腔的第二表面。The first surface of the feeding board covers the second surface of the resonant cavity.
根据权利要求1所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述第二天线阵列包括辐射槽或避让槽；The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the second antenna array comprises a radiation slot or an avoidance slot;

所述拉伸辐射口与一个所述辐射槽或所述避让槽连接。The stretching radiation opening is connected with one of the radiation grooves or the escape grooves.
根据权利要求2所述的天线装置，其特征在于，The antenna device according to claim 2, characterized in that,

所述第一天线阵列的辐射面与所述第二天线阵列的辐射面位于同一平面。The radiation surface of the first antenna array is located on the same plane as the radiation surface of the second antenna array.
根据权利要求2或3所述的天线装置，其特征在于，The antenna device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that,

所述第一天线单元包括背腔缝隙天线。The first antenna unit includes a cavity-backed slot antenna.
根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述第二天线单元包括平面天线，所述平面天线包括PCB天线、液晶天线、漏波天线或波导天线。The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second antenna unit comprises a planar antenna, and the planar antenna comprises a PCB antenna, a liquid crystal antenna, a leaky wave antenna or a waveguide antenna.
根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述第二天线单元包括端射型天线，所述端射型天线包括偶极子天线、磁偶极子天线或八木天线。The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second antenna unit includes an end-fire antenna, and the end-fire antenna includes a dipole antenna, a magnetic dipole antenna, or Yagi Antenna.
根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述拉伸辐射口的第一端与所述辐射槽或避让槽连接，包括：The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first end of the stretched radiation opening is connected to the radiation slot or the avoidance slot, comprising:

所述拉伸辐射口的第一端嵌套于所述避让槽内。The first end of the tensile radiation opening is nested in the escape groove.
根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述辐射槽的尺寸与所述拉伸辐射口的内侧尺寸相同，或，所述避让槽的尺寸与所述拉伸辐射口的横截面尺寸相同；The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, the size of the radiation slot is the same as that of the inner side of the stretched radiation opening, or the size of the avoidance slot is the same as that of the pull The cross-sectional dimensions of the radial openings are the same;

所述拉伸辐射槽的第一端与所述辐射槽或避让槽连接，包括：The first end of the stretching radiation trough is connected to the radiation trough or avoidance trough, including:

所述拉伸辐射口的第一端贴合于所述辐射槽。The first end of the stretching radiation port is attached to the radiation groove.
根据权利要求8所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述辐射槽的侧壁的材料为金属。The antenna device according to claim 8, wherein the material of the side wall of the radiation slot is metal.
根据权利要求8所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述辐射槽的侧壁周围包括多个金属通孔。The antenna device according to claim 8, wherein a plurality of metal through holes are included around the side wall of the radiation slot.
根据权利要求1至10中任意一项所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述谐振腔体的形状包括六棱柱，立方体或圆柱。The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the shape of the resonant cavity includes a hexagonal prism, a cube or a cylinder.
根据权利要求1至10中任意一项所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述第一天线单元包括双线极化天线或单极化天线，所述单极化天线包括圆极化天线或线极化天线。The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first antenna unit comprises a dual-polarized antenna or a single-polarized antenna, and the single-polarized antenna comprises a circularly polarized antenna or linearly polarized antenna.
根据权利要求12所述的天线装置，其特征在于，若所述第一天线单元为所述单极化天线，所述第一天线单元中包括一个或两个所述馈电探针。The antenna device according to claim 12, wherein if the first antenna unit is the single-polarized antenna, the first antenna unit includes one or two feeding probes.
根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述第一天线单元包括馈电模块，所述馈电模块中包括所述馈电探针，所述馈电探针的形状包括单极子探针型、环形或L形。The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the first antenna unit includes a feeding module, the feeding module includes the feeding probe, and the feeding probe Needle shapes include monopole probe type, circular or L-shaped.
根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述第二天线阵列和所述第一天线阵列的部分区域共口径，或，所述第二天线阵列和所述第一天线阵列的全部区域共口径。The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the second antenna array and a part of the first antenna array have a common aperture, or, the second antenna array and the All areas of the first antenna array share a common aperture.
根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述第二天线阵列包括周期性阵列、稀疏阵列、稀布阵列或以非规则子阵布阵的阵列天线。The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the second antenna array comprises a periodic array, a sparse array, a sparse array or an array antenna arranged in irregular sub-arrays.
根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述第二天线阵列包括单频段阵列天线或多频段阵列天线。The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the second antenna array comprises a single-band array antenna or a multi-band array antenna.