WO2023083929A1 - Procédé, dispositif de planification et produit-programme informatique pour planifier une exposition localement sélective d'une région de travail au rayonnement d'un faisceau d'énergie, et procédé, dispositif de fabrication et produit-programme informatique pour la fabrication additive de composants à partir d'un matériau en poudre - Google Patents

Procédé, dispositif de planification et produit-programme informatique pour planifier une exposition localement sélective d'une région de travail au rayonnement d'un faisceau d'énergie, et procédé, dispositif de fabrication et produit-programme informatique pour la fabrication additive de composants à partir d'un matériau en poudre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023083929A1
WO2023083929A1 PCT/EP2022/081405 EP2022081405W WO2023083929A1 WO 2023083929 A1 WO2023083929 A1 WO 2023083929A1 EP 2022081405 W EP2022081405 W EP 2022081405W WO 2023083929 A1 WO2023083929 A1 WO 2023083929A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
irradiation
powder material
area
energy beam
vectors
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/081405
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dominik Maurer
Bernhard Gutmann
Wilhelm Meiners
Jeroen Risse
Original Assignee
Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh filed Critical Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh
Publication of WO2023083929A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023083929A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
    • B22F10/385—Overhang structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes

Definitions

  • Method, planning device and computer program product for planning a locally selective irradiation of a work area with an energy beam as well as method, manufacturing device and computer program product for the additive manufacturing of components from a powder material
  • the invention relates to a method, a planning device and a computer program product for planning a locally selective irradiation of a work area with an energy beam, and a method, a manufacturing device and a computer program product for the additive manufacturing of components from a powder material.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a method, a planning device and a computer program product for planning a locally selective irradiation of a work area with an energy beam, as well as a method, a manufacturing device and a computer program product for the additive manufacturing of components from a powder material, the mentioned disadvantages are reduced, preferably avoided.
  • the object is achieved in particular by using a method - also referred to below as a planning method for short - for - in particular computer-implemented - planning of locally selective irradiation of a work area with one, i.e. at least one, energy beam in order to use the energy beam to produce a component in layers a plurality of powder material layers of a powder material arranged sequentially in the work area in a layer sequence, is created, wherein at least a first powder material layer is defined from the plurality of powder material layers, for which at least a first cross-sectional area of the component to be produced is to be solidified in the powder material layer by means of the energy beam is defined, wherein a plurality of irradiation vectors for the irradiation of the cross-sectional area to be hardened is defined, and wherein a chronological order for at least two directly adjacent neighboring irradiation vectors of the plurality of irradiation vectors is determined depending on at least one for the neighboring irradiation
  • a direct geometric neighborhood of the irradiation vectors can be used locally when determining the irradiation sequence and thus the irradiation plan. This advantageously allows the heat dissipation capability to be implicitly taken into account in a simple manner, in particular since a thermally conductive connection to already solidified powder material can be taken into account via the proximity parameter.
  • the buildability of thermally critical areas in particular overhang areas
  • the buildability of such overhang areas can even be improved in such a way that supporting structures can be dispensed with, which further improves the economics of producing such a component.
  • the respective at least one neighborhood parameter is determined with the at least one further, time-priority radiation vector.
  • the same temporally prioritized irradiation vector can be used for the at least two neighboring irradiation vectors, or different temporally prioritized irradiation vectors can also be included in the determination of the neighborhood parameters.
  • the same temporally priority radiation vector is included in the determination of the neighborhood parameter, or the temporally priority radiation vector next to the respective neighboring radiation vector is included in the determination of the associated neighborhood parameter. In this way, a respective neighborhood parameter is obtained for each of the at least two neighboring irradiation vectors.
  • the chronological sequence for the at least two neighboring radiation vectors is then established on the basis of a comparison of the neighborhood parameters determined for the neighboring radiation vectors.
  • a temporally priority irradiation vector is understood to mean a irradiation vector for which irradiation is provided before irradiation of another irradiation vector, here in particular the at least two neighboring irradiation vectors. At the point in time when the neighborhood parameter is determined, it is already certain that the radiation vector with priority in terms of time will be irradiated before the neighboring radiation vectors.
  • the fact that the chronological sequence is defined for at least two directly adjacent neighboring irradiation vectors means in particular that a chronological sequence of the irradiation of the directly adjacent neighboring irradiation vectors is defined; that is, it is determined which of the two neighboring irradiation vectors is irradiated first and which of the two neighboring irradiation vectors is irradiated thereafter.
  • an irradiation of an irradiation vector is understood in particular to mean that the irradiation vector is processed, ie the powder material in the working area is irradiated in accordance with the definition given by the irradiation vector.
  • An irradiation vector is understood to mean, in particular, a continuous, preferably linear displacement of the energy beam over a specific distance with a specific direction of displacement.
  • the irradiation vector includes in particular the direction or orientation of the displacement, i.e. the vector alignment.
  • the irradiation vector does not have to be in the form of a straight section; instead, an irradiation vector can also follow a line or curve that is curved at least in some areas.
  • Additive or generative manufacturing or production of a component means in particular a layered construction of a component from powder material, in particular a powder bed-based method for producing a component in a powder bed, in particular a manufacturing method that is selected from a group consisting of a selective Laser sintering, Laser Metal Fusion (LMF), Direct Metal Laser Melting (DMLM), Laser Net Shaping Manufacturing (LNSM), Selective Electron Beam Melting - (S)EBM), and a Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS).
  • LMF Laser Metal Fusion
  • DMLM Direct Metal Laser Melting
  • LNSM Laser Net Shaping Manufacturing
  • S Selective Electron Beam Melting -
  • LENS Laser Engineered Net Shaping
  • An energy beam is generally understood to mean directed radiation that can transport energy. This can generally involve particle radiation or wave radiation.
  • the energy beam propagates through the physical space along a propagation direction and thereby transports energy along its propagation direction.
  • the energy beam is an optical working beam.
  • An optical working beam is to be understood in particular as directed electromagnetic radiation, continuous or pulsed, which is suitable in terms of its wavelength or a wavelength range for the additive or generative manufacturing of a component from powder material, in particular for sintering or melting the powder material.
  • an optical working beam means a laser beam that can be generated continuously or in a pulsed manner.
  • the optical working beam preferably has a wavelength or a wavelength range in the visible electromagnetic spectrum or in the infrared electromagnetic spectrum, or in the overlap region between the infrared range and the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • a working area is understood to mean in particular an area, in particular a plane or surface, in which the powder material is arranged and which is locally irradiated with the energy beam in order to locally solidify the powder material.
  • the powder material is sequentially arranged in layers in the work area and is locally irradiated with the energy beam in order to produce a component—layer by layer.
  • the fact that the work area is locally exposed to the energy beam means, in particular, that the entire work area is not applied globally - neither instantaneously nor sequentially - to the energy beam, but rather that the work area is exposed in places, in particular at individual, connected or separate points, with the Energy beam is applied, wherein the energy beam is shifted in particular by means of the scanner device within the work area.
  • the fact that the energy beam is applied selectively to the work area means in particular that the energy beam is applied to the work area at selected, predetermined points or locations or in selected, predetermined areas.
  • the working area is in particular a layer of powder material or a preferably contiguous area of a layer of powder material which can be reached by the energy beam using the scanner device, i.e.
  • a locally selective irradiation of a work area with a plurality of energy beams can be planned in order to use the plurality of energy beams to produce a component layer by layer from a plurality of powder material layers of a powder material arranged in a sequence of layers in the work area.
  • At least one cross-sectional area of the component to be produced to be solidified is defined for a plurality of the powder material layers, with a plurality of irradiation vectors for the irradiation of the respective cross-sectional area to be solidified being defined in each case, and with the chronological sequence for at least two directly adjacent neighboring irradiation vectors of the A plurality of irradiation vectors of the respective cross-sectional area of the respective powder material layer is determined as a function of at least one neighborhood parameter determined for the neighboring irradiation vectors in each case with at least one further, temporally priority irradiation vector.
  • this procedure is carried out for all powder material layers of the plurality of powder material layers.
  • the at least one neighborhood parameter is determined as the overlapping of a molten pool assigned to the respective neighboring radiation vector with the at least one other, time-priority radiation vector assigned, solidified powder material.
  • the coverage is defined in particular as an area-related coverage - absolute or percentage, in particular based on an irradiation area or melt pool area assigned to the respective neighboring radiation vector -, and/or as a distance-related coverage - absolute or percentage, in particular based on a vector length assigned to the respective neighboring radiation vector - determined.
  • a total coverage is calculated from this as a neighborhood parameter, it being possible for the area-related coverage on the one hand and the distance-related coverage on the other hand to be weighted differently.
  • two neighborhood parameters are calculated for each neighboring irradiation vector, a first neighborhood parameter as area-related coverage and a second neighborhood parameter as distance-related coverage, with the respective first and second neighborhood parameters then being compared individually with one another, from which two comparison values are obtained.
  • the two comparison values are then preferably calculated—possibly taking into account a different weighting—to form an overall comparison value, and the chronological sequence for the neighboring radiation vectors is determined on the basis of the overall comparison value.
  • the at least one neighborhood parameter is calculated such that its value increases with increasing coverage; that is, the larger the coverage, the larger the neighborhood parameter.
  • the chronological sequence for the at least two neighboring radiation vectors is defined in such a way that that neighboring radiation vector of the at least two neighboring radiation vectors is processed first for which a larger value of the at least one neighborhood parameter is determined. In this way, in particular, it is easily and reliably ensured that the chronological order along the gradient of the heat dissipation capability is fixed.
  • the at least one cross-sectional area is subdivided into at least one overhang area and one core area. This advantageously enables a differentiation between overhang areas and core areas and thus in particular a differentiation in the irradiation, in particular a differentiation in the determination of the chronological order for the irradiation. This in turn enables an optimal choice of the chronological order of the irradiation with a view to different requirements in the different areas.
  • an overhang area is understood to mean in particular an area below which, in the direction of the layer sequence, there are at least some areas, in particular in the area of a contour line or on an outer edge of the Overhang area, non-solidified powder material is located.
  • Such an overhang area is also referred to as a downskin area.
  • an overhang area is an edge area of the cross-sectional area. It is possible for the overhang portion to be set to be portionwise located over solidified powder material.
  • a core area is understood to mean in particular an area which is arranged at least predominantly, in particular with more than 90% of its area, over solidified powder material in the direction of the layer sequence.
  • Such a core area is also referred to as an inskin area. It is possible for the core area to be defined so that it is completely located over solidified powder material. However, it is also possible for the core area to be defined in such a way that it is arranged in areas above non-solidified powder material, in which case it can protrude a predetermined distance beyond the solidified powder material in the direction of the contour line of an adjacent overhang area.
  • a contour line is understood to mean in particular an imaginary boundary line of the component to be produced in a respective powder material layer, i.e. in particular an imaginary boundary line or border of a cross-sectional area of the component to be produced lying in the powder material layer.
  • the chronological sequence for the at least two neighboring irradiation vectors in the at least one overhang region is defined.
  • the constructability of overhang areas, in particular with flat overhang angles, in particular of less than 45°, can advantageously be improved by the fact that the local heat dissipation capability is implicitly taken into account there in a simple manner.
  • a chronological sequence for at least two immediately adjacent core irradiation vectors is defined depending on a protective gas flow direction, in particular depending on an arrangement of the respective core irradiation vector relative to the protective gas flow direction.
  • an irradiation sequence counter to the direction of flow of the protective gas can advantageously be specified for the core region in particular. Due to the good thermally conductive connection to the already solidified powder material arranged under the currently irradiated powder material layer, the heat dissipation ability in the core area varies at most slightly, so that the irradiation sequence here is advantageous regardless of the local one Heat dissipation ability can be determined with a view to the shielding gas flow direction.
  • the local heat dissipation ability varies more, so that here it is advantageous for determining the temporal irradiation sequence.
  • the geometric and thermal characteristics of the different irradiation areas are advantageously taken into account, especially if the temporal irradiation sequence in the overhang area is determined as a function of the neighborhood parameter and in the core area as a function of the protective gas flow direction.
  • the at least one further, temporally priority radiation vector is selected from a group consisting of: a radiation vector from the at least one overhang region, a radiation vector from the core region, and a radiation vector from a temporal priority along the layer sequence powder material layer.
  • At least two different neighborhood parameters are determined for the neighboring radiation vectors with at least two different additional radiation vectors that have priority in terms of time, in particular selected from the aforementioned group. In this way, different thermally conductive connections can advantageously be taken into account at the same time.
  • the various neighborhood parameters are weighted differently when determining the chronological order. This advantageously enables the various properties of the heat-conducting connections to the overhang area, the core area and/or the layers of powder material underneath to be taken into account.
  • an overall neighborhood parameter is preferably calculated from the at least two different neighborhood parameters, for example as an average value, and the associated overall neighborhood parameters of the at least two neighboring irradiation vectors are compared with one another in order to determine the chronological order.
  • the various neighborhood parameters can be included in the calculation of the overall neighborhood parameter with different weights.
  • the overall neighborhood parameter can be calculated as a weighted average.
  • the various neighborhood parameters can be compared individually with one another, different comparison values being obtained, from which an overall comparison value is then preferably calculated in each case-if necessary with weighting of the individual comparison values-where the chronological sequence is determined as a function of the overall comparison value.
  • irradiation with the energy beam is specified in a first overhang region and in a first core region of the first powder material layer, with a second powder material layer from the plurality of powder material layers an irradiation with the energy beam is determined only for a second core area of the second powder material layer assigned to the first core area, it being determined that a second overhang area of the second powder material layer assigned to the first overhang area is not irradiated.
  • the fact that the second overhang area is assigned to the first overhang area means in particular that the second overhang area is at least partially adjacent to the first overhang area along the layer sequence, in particular arranged above it, in particular in such a way that the first overhang area and the second overhang area overlap at least in areas.
  • the fact that the second core area is assigned to the first core area means in particular that the second core area is at least partially adjacent to the first core area along the layer sequence, in particular arranged above it, in particular in such a way that the first core area and the second core area overlap at least in areas.
  • the first powder material layer and the second powder material layer are arranged directly one above the other along the layer sequence.
  • the layer sequence for the component to be produced is defined with a plurality of first powder material layers and a plurality of second powder material layers.
  • the first powder material layers and the second powder material layers are arranged in an alternating manner. This means in particular that individual first and second powder material layers are arranged one above the other in direct alternation along the layer sequence.
  • first powder material layers and the second powder material layers are arranged alternately in blocks.
  • blocks of first and second powder material layers are arranged alternately one above the other along the layer sequence, with each block having at least one powder material layer, in particular a plurality of powder material layers.
  • each block of the second layers of powder material comprises a plurality of the second layers of powder material, while each block of the first layers of powder material comprises only exactly one first layer of powder material.
  • the first powder material layers and the second powder material layers are arranged alternately in sections and in blocks alternately in sections along the layer sequence one above the other. This represents in particular a sectional combination of the previously presented embodiments along the layer sequence.
  • an irradiation of the core area is scheduled before an irradiation of the at least one overhang area.
  • solidified powder material is first provided in the core area, to which a thermally conductive connection of the molten baths can then be created for the irradiation of the overhang area.
  • the overhanging area can be irradiated from the inside of the component outwards in the direction of the contour line, which advantageously ensures a good thermally conductive connection of the molten pools just produced at all times, so that overheating phenomena are avoided as far as possible.
  • a chronological sequence of the irradiation is defined in such a way that first the core area is completely irradiated before the irradiation of the at least one overhang area is started.
  • a displacement of the energy beam is defined in sections along a contour line or boundary line of the component to be produced, with the displacement of the Energy beam sections along the contour line at least one contour travel vector is set, and at least a part of the irradiation vectors for the overhang area is set at least in sections parallel to the contour travel vector.
  • the irradiation vectors for the overhanging area are defined, at least in sections, as parallel curves to the contour travel vector.
  • at least part of the radiation vectors is obtained by parallel offsetting the contour travel vector at least in sections.
  • a displacement of the energy beam is defined in sections along at least one first boundary line between the overhanging area and the core area, with at least one first limiting travel vector being defined in sections for the displacement of the energy beam along the first boundary line .
  • a displacement of the energy beam is defined in sections along at least one second boundary line between the overhanging area and at least one other - adjoining - overhanging area, with at least one second boundary line being used for the displacement of the energy beam in sections along the second boundary line Limit travel vector is set.
  • At least some of the irradiation vectors for the at least one overhang region are defined at least in sections parallel to at least one limiting travel vector selected from the first limiting travel vector and the second limiting travel vector. In this way, too, a particularly high component quality is advantageously obtained in the overhang area.
  • At least some of the irradiation vectors for the at least one overhang area are defined at least in sections as parallel curves to the at least one limit travel vector.
  • at least part of the irradiation vectors obtained by the at least one limiting travel vector being parallel offset at least in sections.
  • irradiation segments are defined with at least two irradiation vectors each, with the irradiation vectors being defined collinear or parallel to one another at least in one irradiation segment of the irradiation segments for at least one region, selected from the at least one overhang region and the core region.
  • the at least one irradiation segment can be designed in particular as a strip or as a chessboard field of a chessboard-like pattern of irradiation segments.
  • irradiation segments are defined with at least two irradiation vectors each, with in at least one area, selected from the at least one overhang area and the core area, at least in one irradiation segment of the irradiation segments for each other in the irradiation segment, in pairs, directly adjacent irradiation vectors constant distance from each other.
  • irradiation segments are defined with at least two irradiation vectors each, with in at least one area, selected from the at least one overhang area and the core area, at least in one irradiation segment of the irradiation segments for each other in the irradiation segment, in pairs, directly adjacent irradiation vectors constant distance from each other.
  • the irradiation plan is obtained as a data set for controlling a production device, in particular a production device according to the invention described below or a production device according to one or more of the embodiments described below, for additively manufacturing a component from the powder material becomes.
  • a production device in particular a production device according to the invention described below or a production device according to one or more of the embodiments described below, for additively manufacturing a component from the powder material becomes.
  • the irradiation plan is obtained in this way in a form that is easy to handle and, in particular, machine-readable.
  • the object is also achieved by creating a method for additively manufacturing a component from a powder material, which has the following steps: Providing a using a method according to the invention for planning a locally selective irradiation of the working area or using a method according to one or more of the previously described embodiments obtained irradiation plan for the locally selective irradiation of a working area with one, i.e.
  • the component can also be manufactured with a plurality of energy beams by locally selectively irradiating the work area with a plurality of energy beams. In this way, the production of the component can advantageously be accelerated, in particular by simultaneously solidifying different cross-sectional areas of the component within a layer of powder material.
  • the irradiation plan is provided by carrying out a method according to the invention for planning a locally selective irradiation of the work area or a method for planning according to one or more of the previously described embodiments.
  • the method for manufacturing the component thus also includes the method for planning the irradiation—in particular in the form of preceding steps.
  • a laser beam or an electron beam is preferably used as the energy beam.
  • the component is preferably manufactured by means of selective laser sintering and/or selective laser melting.
  • a metallic or ceramic powder can preferably be used as the powder material.
  • the object is also achieved by creating a computer program product, comprising machine-readable instructions, on the basis of which a method according to the invention for planning a locally selective irradiation of the work area or a method for planning according to one or more of the embodiments described above is carried out on a computing device if the Computer program product running on the computing device.
  • a method according to the invention for planning a locally selective irradiation of the work area or a method for planning according to one or more of the embodiments described above is carried out on a computing device if the Computer program product running on the computing device.
  • the invention also includes a first data carrier comprising such a first computer program product.
  • the object is also achieved by creating a computer program product, comprising machine-readable instructions, on the basis of which a method according to the invention for additively manufacturing a component from a powder material or a method for additively manufacturing according to one or more of the embodiments described above is carried out on a computing device if the computer program product runs on the computing device.
  • a method according to the invention for additively manufacturing a component from a powder material or a method for additively manufacturing according to one or more of the embodiments described above is carried out on a computing device if the computer program product runs on the computing device.
  • the invention also includes a second data carrier comprising such a second computer program product.
  • the object is also achieved by creating a planning device for planning a locally selective irradiation of a work area with one, i.e. at least one, energy beam in order to use the energy beam to produce a component from a powder material arranged in the work area, the planning device being set up to carry out a method according to the invention for planning a locally selective irradiation of a work area with the energy beam or a method for planning according to one or more of the embodiments described above.
  • the planning device can be set up to plan the locally selective irradiation of the work area with a plurality of energy beams.
  • the planning device is designed as a device that is selected from a group consisting of a computer, in particular a personal computer (PC), a plug-in card or control card, and an FPGA board.
  • the planning device is an RTC5 or RTC6 control card from SCANLAB GmbH, in particular in the configuration currently available on the date determining the seniority of the present property right.
  • the planning device can be provided externally or separately from a production device, with the planning device preferably creating a data record which is then stored in a suitable manner, for example by means of a data carrier or via a network, in particular via the Internet, or via another suitable wireless or wired form of transmission, is transmitted to a manufacturing device, in particular a control device of a manufacturing device.
  • a manufacturing device in particular a control device of a manufacturing device.
  • the planning device it is possible for the planning device to generate CAM data from CAD data, ie in particular a command sequence, in particular an NC program, for controlling the production device, with this command sequence then being transmitted to the production device for its control.
  • CAD data of a component to be transferred to the planning device, with the planning device generating the command sequence for the production device from this.
  • the planning device can also be integrated into a manufacturing device.
  • the planning device can be integrated into the control device of the production device, or the control device of the production device can be designed as a planning device, in particular by providing a suitable hardware component and/or by implementing a suitable computer program product, in particular software.
  • CAD data of a component can be produced to be transferred to the production device, with the production device itself, in particular the planning device implemented in the control device, generating corresponding CAM data or a command sequence for controlling the production device from the CAD data.
  • the planning device it is also possible for the planning device to comprise a plurality of computing devices, in which case it is in particular designed to be physically distributed.
  • the planning device then preferably comprises a plurality of computing devices that are networked with one another.
  • the planning device as a data cloud or so-called cloud be formed, or the planning device is part of a data cloud or cloud.
  • the planning device it is also possible for the planning device to comprise on the one hand at least one computing device external to the manufacturing device and on the other hand the manufacturing device, in particular the control device of the manufacturing device, with steps carried out by the planning device being carried out partly on the external computing device and partly on the manufacturing device, in particular on the control device.
  • the planning device does not take over the complete planning of the locally selective irradiation of the work area, but only parts thereof; In particular, it is possible for the planning device to take over only that part of the planning of the locally selective irradiation of the work area that relates to the steps and/or definitions described above.
  • other parts of the planning of the locally selective irradiation can be carried out in other computing devices, in particular in computing devices external to the manufacturing device, or also in the manufacturing device itself, in particular its control device, or else in a data cloud or cloud.
  • the planning device to change, adapt or correct CAM data generated by another computing device or a command sequence, in particular an NC program.
  • the object is also achieved by creating a manufacturing device for the additive manufacturing of components from a powder material, which has a beam generating device that is set up to generate one, ie at least one, energy beam.
  • the production device has a scanner device that is set up to locally and selectively irradiate a work area with the energy beam in order to use the energy beam to produce a component from the powder material arranged in the work area.
  • the manufacturing device has a control device which is operatively connected to the scanner device, optionally also to the beam generating device, and set up to control the scanner device and, if necessary, the beam generating device.
  • the control device is set up to carry out a method according to the invention for the additive manufacturing of components or a method for the additive manufacturing of components according to one or more of the embodiments described above.
  • the beam generating device is set up to generate a plurality of energy beams and/or the manufacturing device has a plurality of beam generating devices for generating a plurality of energy beams. It is possible that a plurality of scanner devices are provided for the plurality of energy beams. However, it is also possible for the scanner device to be set up to displace a plurality of energy beams—in particular independently of one another—on the work area.
  • the scanner device can have a plurality of separately controllable scanners, in particular scanner mirrors, for this purpose.
  • the scanner device preferably has at least one scanner, in particular a galvanometer scanner, piezo scanner, polygon scanner, MEMS scanner, and/or a working head or processing head that can be displaced relative to the work area.
  • the scanner devices proposed here are particularly suitable for shifting the energy beam within the working area between a plurality of irradiation positions.
  • a working head or processing head that can be displaced relative to the work area is understood here in particular to mean an integrated component of the production device which has at least one radiation outlet for at least one energy beam, the integrated component, i.e. the working head, as a whole along at least one displacement direction, preferably along two mutually perpendicular directions of displacement, is displaceable relative to the work area.
  • a working head can, in particular, be designed in the form of a portal or be guided by a robot.
  • the working head can be designed as a robot hand of a robot.
  • the control device is preferably selected from a group consisting of a computer, in particular a personal computer (PC), a plug-in card or control card, and an FPGA board.
  • the control device is an RTC5 or RTC6 control card from SCANLAB GmbH, in particular in the version currently available on the date determining the seniority of the present property right.
  • the beam generating device is preferably designed as a laser.
  • the energy beam is thus advantageously generated as an intensive beam of coherent electromagnetic radiation, in particular coherent light.
  • irradiation preferably means exposure.
  • the production device is preferably set up for selective laser sintering. Alternatively or additionally, the manufacturing device is set up for selective laser melting. These configurations of the manufacturing device have proven to be particularly advantageous.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a manufacturing device for the additive manufacturing of components from a powder material with an exemplary embodiment of a planning device;
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of exemplary embodiments of a method for planning locally selective irradiation of a work area with an energy beam
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of further exemplary embodiments of the method for planning a locally selective irradiation of a work area with an energy beam.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a manufacturing device 1 for the additive manufacturing of a component 3 from a powder material 5 with an embodiment of a planning device 7.
  • Manufacturing device 1 has a beam generating device 9, preferably embodied as a laser, which is set up to generate an energy beam 11, in particular a laser beam, and also a scanner device 13, which is set up to locally and selectively irradiate a work area 15 with energy beam 11 in order to to produce the component 3 from the powder material 5 arranged in the working area 15 by means of the energy beam 11 .
  • the manufacturing device 1 also has a control device 17 embodied in particular as a computing device 8, which is operatively connected to the scanner device 13 and preferably also to the beam generating device 9 and set up to control the scanner device 13 and optionally the beam generating device 9.
  • the control device 17 is set up to carry out a method, described in more detail below, for planning the locally selective irradiation of the work area 15 with the energy beam 11, also referred to as a planning method for short.
  • the control device 17 has the planning device 7 embodied in particular as a further computing device 10 which is set up accordingly for carrying out the planning method.
  • the control device 17 itself to be in the form of the planning device 7 .
  • the planning method it is also possible for the planning method to be carried out on a planning device 7 provided separately from the production device 1 .
  • the production device 1 is set up, in particular, to build up the component 3 layer by layer from a plurality of powder material layers 19 arranged in a sequence in time in the working area 15 .
  • the working area 15, in particular in the form of a powder bed is arranged on a construction platform 21, which is gradually lowered counter to a vertical direction Z in the course of the provision of the successive powder material layers 19 in the working area 15.
  • the powder material 5 that forms the next powder material layer 19 is conveyed from the area of a supply cylinder 25 to the work area 15 by means of a coating element 23, designed in particular as a wiper or pusher, and is smoothed there by the coating element 23, so that the current powder material layer 19 is provided.
  • a platform 27 is arranged in storage cylinder 25, which—in this respect corresponding to the lowering of construction platform 21—is gradually raised in the vertical direction Z, as shown schematically by an arrow 29, in order to remove powder material 5 from storage cylinder 25 to the level of work area 15 to promote. Excess powder material 5 is preferably conveyed through the coating element 23 into a receptacle 31 . By successively solidifying powder material layer 19 by powder material layer 19 powder material 5 locally and selectively in this way by means of energy beam 11 in working area 15 , component 3 is built up layer by layer, ie layer by layer. The layer sequence of the powder material layers 19 extends along the vertical direction Z.
  • a method for manufacturing the component 3 from the powder material 5 an irradiation plan obtained using the planning method described below for the locally selective irradiation of the work area 15 with the energy beam 11 is provided, and the component 3 is manufactured according to the provided irradiation plan.
  • the irradiation plan is preferably provided in that the planning method is carried out—in particular by the planning device 7 .
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of exemplary embodiments of a method for planning a locally selective irradiation of the work area 15 with the energy beam 11.
  • a) shows a section of the working area 15 in a plan view, that is to say seen from above along the vertical direction Z according to FIG. 1, with a powder material layer 19 .
  • a first cross-sectional area 33 of the component 3 to be produced is defined for the powder material layer 19 to be solidified in the powder material layer 19 by means of the energy beam 11 .
  • a plurality of irradiation vectors 300 are defined for the irradiation of the cross-sectional area 33 to be solidified.
  • a chronological order for at least two immediately adjacent neighboring radiation vectors 310, here a first neighboring radiation vector 311 and a second neighboring radiation vector 312, of the plurality of radiation vectors 300 is dependent on at least one for the neighboring radiation vectors 310 each with at least one other , temporally priority irradiation vector 320 of the plurality of irradiation vectors 300 determined neighborhood parameters.
  • an irradiation plan for the locally selective irradiation of the working area 15 with the energy beam 11 is obtained.
  • the at least one proximity parameter is determined as the overlap of a melt pool assigned to the respective neighboring irradiation vector 310 with the at least one other, temporally priority irradiation vector 320 assigned, solidified powder material 5 .
  • a melt pool width assigned to the respective irradiation vector 300 the melt pool width at the same time defining a width of the solidified powder material 5.
  • the width of the solidified powder material 5 it is possible for the width of the solidified powder material 5 to be identical to the width of the melt pool in a simple manner, or the width of the solidified powder material 5 is derived from the width of the melt pool.
  • a length of the extension of the melt pool and, analogously, of the solidified powder material 5 results in particular from the length of the respective irradiation vector 300 and the aforementioned irradiation parameters and, if applicable, properties of the powder material 5.
  • the chronological order for the at least two neighboring radiation vectors 310 is preferably defined in such a way that that neighboring radiation vector 310 of the at least two neighboring radiation vectors 310 is processed first for which a larger value of the at least one neighborhood parameter, in particular a greater coverage of the assigned molten pool with the associated solidified powder material 5 of the temporally priority irradiation vector 320 is determined.
  • the at least one cross-sectional area 33 is preferably subdivided into at least one overhang area 35 and a core area 37 .
  • An imaginary dividing line L between the overhang area 35 and the core area 37 is shown schematically here.
  • the chronological sequence for the at least two neighboring irradiation vectors 310 in the at least one overhang region 35 is preferably defined according to the procedure described above as a function of the neighborhood parameter.
  • a chronological sequence for at least two core irradiation vectors 330 that are directly adjacent to one another is preferred in the core region 37, depending on a sequence indicated schematically by an arrow P shown inert gas flow direction.
  • the core irradiation vectors 330 are processed in particular in the opposite direction to the protective gas flow direction.
  • the buildability of such overhang areas 35 can even be improved in such a way that support structures can be dispensed with, which further improves the economics of producing such a component 3 .
  • the protective gas flow direction is the parameter that is more important for the quality of the component 3 being produced. The temporal sequence of the irradiation can thus advantageously be selected differently for the different areas in accordance with the criteria that are relevant in each case.
  • the at least one additional, time-priority irradiation vector 320 is selected from a group consisting of: a radiation vector 300 from the at least one overhang region 35, a radiation vector 300 from the core region 37, and a radiation vector 300 from a powder material layer 19 that has priority over time along the layer sequence .
  • the radiation vector 320 that has priority in terms of time is a radiation vector 300 from the core region 37.
  • two powder material layers 19 arranged directly one above the other along the layer sequence namely a first powder material layer 19.1 and a second powder material layer 19.2, are shown schematically.
  • the two neighboring irradiation vectors 310 are arranged in the second powder material layer 19.2, and the further, time-priority irradiation vector 320 is arranged in the first powder material layer 19.1, thus underneath it.
  • a top view of a powder material layer 19 is again shown schematically, with two neighboring radiation vectors 310 arranged in the overhanging region 35, a first radiation vector 321 with priority in terms of time in the overhanging region 35, a second radiation vector 322 with priority in terms of time in the core region 37, and one third radiation vector 323 which has priority in time and which is shown in dashed lines and which is arranged in a further powder material layer 19 lying underneath along the layer sequence.
  • at least two different neighborhood parameters are determined for the neighboring irradiation vectors 310 with at least two different additional, time-priority irradiation vectors 320, with the different neighborhood parameters preferably being weighted differently when determining the chronological sequence.
  • Irradiation of the core region 37 is preferably scheduled before irradiation of the at least one overhang region 35, with a temporal sequence of the irradiation being specified in particular in such a way that the core region 37 is completely irradiated first, before the irradiation of the at least one overhang region 35 is started.
  • irradiation segments 39 each with at least two irradiation vectors 300, are preferably defined for the overhang area 35 and/or for the core area 37, in particular both for the overhang area 35 and for the core area 37.
  • the irradiation vectors 300 are defined parallel to one another at least in one irradiation segment 39 of the irradiation segments 39 .
  • the irradiation vectors 300 in the irradiation segments 39 have an alternating orientation or orientation.
  • the irradiation vectors 300 it is also possible for the irradiation vectors 300 to be defined with an identical orientation or alignment at least in one irradiation segment 39 .
  • the irradiation segments 39 are preferably defined with at least two irradiation vectors 300 each.
  • a constant distance D from one another is set at least in one irradiation segment 39 of the irradiation segments 39 for pairs of directly adjacent irradiation vectors 300 in the irradiation segment 39.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of further exemplary embodiments of the method for planning a locally selective irradiation of the working area 15 with the energy beam 11.
  • a displacement of the energy beam 11 in sections along a contour line 41 of the component 3 to be produced is preferably specified, with at least one contour travel vector 340 being specified in sections for the displacement of the energy beam 11 in sections along the contour line 41, and with at least some of the irradiation vectors 300 for the overhang region 35 is defined at least in sections parallel to the contour travel vector 340, in particular as parallel curves to the contour travel vector 340.
  • the irradiation vectors 300 in the overhanging area 35 are defined as completely parallel to the contour travel vector 340 as far as possible.
  • the radiation vectors 300 in the overhanging area 35 are defined parallel to a first contour vector section 341 of two contour vector sections 341 , 342 of the contour travel vector 340 .
  • a displacement of the energy beam 11 in sections along at least one boundary line 43 between the overhang area 35 and the core area 37 is defined, with at least one limiting travel vector 350 being defined in sections for the displacement of the energy beam 11 along the boundary line 43.
  • a corresponding boundary line 43 is defined between the overhanging area 35 and at least one further overhanging area.
  • At least some of the irradiation vectors 300 for the overhanging region 35 are preferably set parallel to the limiting travel vector 350, in particular as parallel curves to the limiting travel vector 350, at least in sections.
  • the irradiation vectors 300 in the overhanging area 35 are defined as completely parallel to the limit travel vector 350 as far as possible.
  • d) shows that the irradiation vectors 300 in the overhang area 35 are defined parallel to a first delimitation vector section 351 of two delimitation vector sections 351, 352 of the delimitation travel vector 350.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de planification d'une exposition localement sélective d'une région de travail (15) au rayonnement d'un faisceau d'énergie (11), afin de fabriquer un composant (3) couche par couche à partir d'une pluralité de couches de matériau en poudre (19) d'un matériau en poudre (5) disposées dans la région de travail chronologiquement les unes après les autres dans une succession de couches au moyen du faisceau d'énergie (11), au moins une première couche de matériau en poudre (19, 19.1) étant déterminée à partir de la pluralité de couches de matériau en poudre (19), pour lesquelles au moins une première zone de section transversale (33) du composant (3) à fabriquer est déterminée, qui doit être durcie dans la couche de matériau en poudre (19) au moyen du faisceau d'énergie (11), une pluralité de vecteurs d'exposition au rayonnement (300) pour l'exposition au rayonnement de la zone de section transversale (33) à durcir étant déterminés, et une séquence chronologique pour au moins deux vecteurs d'exposition au rayonnement voisins directement adjacents (310) de la pluralité de vecteurs d'exposition au rayonnement (300) étant déterminée en fonction d'au moins un paramètre de proximité déterminé pour les vecteurs d'exposition au rayonnement voisins (310) avec un autre vecteur d'exposition au rayonnement respectif (320) avec une priorité temporelle ; un plan d'exposition au rayonnement étant obtenu pour l'exposition localement sélective de la région de travail (15) au rayonnement du faisceau d'énergie (11).
PCT/EP2022/081405 2021-11-15 2022-11-10 Procédé, dispositif de planification et produit-programme informatique pour planifier une exposition localement sélective d'une région de travail au rayonnement d'un faisceau d'énergie, et procédé, dispositif de fabrication et produit-programme informatique pour la fabrication additive de composants à partir d'un matériau en poudre WO2023083929A1 (fr)

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DE102021129705.2A DE102021129705A1 (de) 2021-11-15 2021-11-15 Verfahren, Planungsvorrichtung und Computerprogrammprodukt zum Planen einer lokal selektiven Bestrahlung eines Arbeitsbereichs mit einem Energiestrahl, sowie Verfahren, Fertigungsvorrichtung und Computerprogrammprodukt zum additiven Fertigen von Bauteilen aus einem Pulvermaterial

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DE102022115803A1 (de) * 2022-06-24 2024-01-04 Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Planung der lokalen Verfestigung einer Schicht pulverförmigen Materials bei der schichtweisen Fertigung eines dreidimensionalen Objekts

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US20160001401A1 (en) * 2013-02-14 2016-01-07 Renishaw Plc Selective laser solidification apparatus and method
WO2018184726A1 (fr) 2017-04-06 2018-10-11 Amsis Gmbh Procédé de fabrication additive d'un composant tridimensionnel et procédé pour calculer une stratégie de balayage pour permettre la commande correspondante d'une installation de fabrication additive d'un composant tridimensionnel
US20210255602A1 (en) * 2018-06-12 2021-08-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for Determining Building Instructions for an Additive Manufacturing Method, Method for Generating a Database with Correction Measures for Controlling the Process of an Additive Manufacturing Method

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DE102019211846A1 (de) 2019-08-07 2021-02-11 Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines zusammenhängenden Flächenbereichs, Bestrahlungseinrichtung und Bearbeitungsmaschine

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US20160001401A1 (en) * 2013-02-14 2016-01-07 Renishaw Plc Selective laser solidification apparatus and method
WO2018184726A1 (fr) 2017-04-06 2018-10-11 Amsis Gmbh Procédé de fabrication additive d'un composant tridimensionnel et procédé pour calculer une stratégie de balayage pour permettre la commande correspondante d'une installation de fabrication additive d'un composant tridimensionnel
US20210129226A1 (en) * 2017-04-06 2021-05-06 Amsis Gmbh Method for additively manufacturing a three-dimensional component and method for calculating a scanning strategy for the corresponding control of a system for additively manufacturing a three-dimensional component
US20210255602A1 (en) * 2018-06-12 2021-08-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for Determining Building Instructions for an Additive Manufacturing Method, Method for Generating a Database with Correction Measures for Controlling the Process of an Additive Manufacturing Method

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