WO2023077913A1 - 蛇骨单元、蛇骨管、***导管及电子内窥镜 - Google Patents

蛇骨单元、蛇骨管、***导管及电子内窥镜 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023077913A1
WO2023077913A1 PCT/CN2022/113677 CN2022113677W WO2023077913A1 WO 2023077913 A1 WO2023077913 A1 WO 2023077913A1 CN 2022113677 W CN2022113677 W CN 2022113677W WO 2023077913 A1 WO2023077913 A1 WO 2023077913A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
snake
tube
snake bone
block
auxiliary
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/113677
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗正春
王林钢
肖贡强
李艳华
李轲
姚卫忠
Original Assignee
浙江华诺康科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202111308813.3A external-priority patent/CN116076986A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202122726820.7U external-priority patent/CN216933131U/zh
Application filed by 浙江华诺康科技有限公司 filed Critical 浙江华诺康科技有限公司
Priority to EP22888946.5A priority Critical patent/EP4410179A1/en
Publication of WO2023077913A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023077913A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/0051—Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
    • A61B1/0055—Constructional details of insertion parts, e.g. vertebral elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/0051—Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
    • A61B1/0057—Constructional details of force transmission elements, e.g. control wires
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/008—Articulations

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the related technical field of endoscope, in particular to a snake bone unit, a snake bone tube, an insertion catheter and an electronic endoscope.
  • electronic endoscopes When electronic endoscopes are used, they are usually inserted into human body cavities and visceral cavities for direct observation, diagnosis and treatment. It is easy to insert into the human body, and it is convenient for doctors to observe and operate.
  • the serpentine tube of the existing electronic endoscope insertion catheter usually has an instrument channel, which is used to pass through various auxiliary medical instruments for diagnosis and treatment, and inject normal saline to dilute the blood, so as to ensure clear images and drain fine stones excreted.
  • a snake unit a snake tube, an insertion catheter, and an electronic endoscope.
  • the present application provides a serpentine unit, including an annular pipe, one end of the annular pipe is fixed with a rotating block, and the other end is provided with a rotating groove, and the rotating block can rotate with the rotating grooves of other snake bone units connection; the two sides of the turn slot are respectively fixed with a limit slider; the two sides of the turn block are respectively provided with a limit chute; the limit slider can be connected with other snake bone units
  • the limiting chute is slidably connected; the rotating block is fixed with at least one auxiliary slider;
  • the above-mentioned turning slots are connected; the auxiliary sliders can be slidably matched with the auxiliary sliding slots of other snake bone units.
  • the above-mentioned snake bone unit increases the strength of the connecting part of the snake bone tube through the auxiliary chute and the auxiliary slider, so that only the snake bone unit with a smaller thickness can maintain the original overall strength of the snake bone tube, and the thickness of the snake bone unit
  • the present application also provides a snake bone tube, the cross section of the snake bone tube is oval, a wire and at least two channels are arranged in the snake bone tube, the wire and the two channels both pass through the snake bone canal.
  • the gap space in the case of a single channel can be utilized, so that when the internal diameter of the serpentine tube remains unchanged, the overall cross-section of the channel The area is larger, and the utilization rate of the space in the snake tube is greater; in addition, the cross section of the snake tube is elliptical, so that when multiple channels are set in the snake tube, compared with a circular cross section with the same area , the gap space in the snake bone tube is smaller, and the space utilization rate in the snake bone tube is higher, so that it can better meet the needs of liquid injection or instrument access.
  • the present application also provides an insertion catheter, including a curved part and a tip part, the tip part is provided with an image sensor and a light source; the curved part includes a flexible tube and a serpentine tube, and the flexible tube is wrapped around the snake A bone tube, the snake bone tube is provided with a wire and at least two channels, the channels run through the tip, and the wire is electrically connected to the image sensor and the light source.
  • the present application also provides an electronic endoscope, including an operating handle, an insertion part, and the above-mentioned insertion catheter; one end of the insertion part is connected to the bending part, and the other end is connected to the operating handle, and the operating handle is provided with a The handle is used to control the bending of the bending part.
  • Fig. 1 is the top view direction schematic diagram of snake bone unit of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is the sectional structural schematic diagram of A-A direction in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a snake-bone tube according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional comparison diagram of Fig. 2 and the snake bone unit of the prior art
  • Fig. 5 is a top view structural schematic diagram of Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the insertion catheter of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the bending part in Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the insertion catheter in Fig. 6 when a medical device is installed;
  • FIG. 9 is a front view schematic diagram of the electronic endoscope of the present application.
  • Electronic endoscopes are widely used in urology or respiratory surgery.
  • the insertion catheter of the electronic endoscope enters from the patient's urethra after being sterilized, passes through the bladder and ureter, and finally enters the renal pelvis for operations such as stone removal, lesion inspection, and biopsy;
  • the insertion catheter is inserted from the oral cavity to the trachea and bronchi after disinfection and sterilization, to achieve surgical operations such as foreign body removal, lesion observation, and biopsy.
  • a snake bone unit please refer to Fig. 1, which includes an annular tube 100, one end of the annular tube 100 is fixed with a rotary block 21, and the other end is provided with a rotary slot 22, and the rotary block 21 can It is rotatably connected with the turning groove 22 of other snake bone units; a limit slider 221 is fixed on both sides of the turn groove 22; a limit chute 211 is respectively opened on both sides of the turn block 21; It can be slidably connected with the limit chute 211 of other snake bone units; at least one auxiliary slider 212 is fixed on the rotary block 21; the annular tube 100 is also provided with auxiliary chute 222 corresponding to the auxiliary slider 212, the auxiliary The groove 222 communicates with the rotating groove 22; the auxiliary sliding block 212 can be slidably matched with the auxiliary sliding groove 222 of other snake bone units.
  • the turn slot 22, auxiliary chute 222 and limit slider 221 of one snake bone unit, and the turn block 21, auxiliary slider 221 of another snake bone unit correspondingly connected to the snake bone unit The block 212 and the limiting chute 211 are defined as the connecting portion of the two snake bone units.
  • the sliding track of the limit slider 221 can be limited, thereby limiting the rotation track of the two snake bone units when they rotate, thereby ensuring The rotation process is smooth and stable; on the other hand, the maximum sliding amount of the limit slider 221 can be limited by the abutment between the limit slider 221 and the side wall of the limit chute 211, thereby limiting the maximum rotation of the snake bone unit Angle, to avoid collision and interference between two snake bone units due to excessive rotation angle of the snake bone tube.
  • auxiliary slider 212 can be slidably matched with the auxiliary chute 222 of other snake bone units, and can also play the role of the above-mentioned limit slider 221 and the limit chute 211, which can further increase the stability of the snake tube during rotation. sex.
  • each auxiliary chute 222 is not connected to each other, so as to ensure that when the two snake bone units rotate to the limit position, each auxiliary chute 222
  • the sliding blocks 212 are capable of abutting against the sidewalls of the corresponding auxiliary sliding slots 222 to share external forces.
  • the turning groove 22, the limiting chute 211 and the auxiliary chute 222 are all run through in the radial direction, and the snake bone unit is formed by laser cutting. Opening can effectively reduce the difficulty of laser cutting, so as to facilitate the processing and molding of snake bone tubes.
  • the auxiliary sliding block 212 is located on the side of the rotating block 21 away from the rotating slot 22 ; the auxiliary sliding slot 222 is located between the rotating block 21 and the rotating slot 22 . Since there is a relatively large space for opening the auxiliary chute 222 between the turning block 21 and the turning groove 22, setting the auxiliary chute 222 at this position can increase the size of the auxiliary chute 222 as much as possible, so that the auxiliary chute 222 can be slidably matched with it.
  • the volume of the auxiliary sliding block 212 can be correspondingly increased, thereby increasing the ultimate pressure that the auxiliary sliding block 212 can withstand, and further improving the strength of the connecting portion.
  • both the limiting slider 221 and the auxiliary slider 212 are fixed with anti-off hooks 23, and the limiting chute 211 and the auxiliary chute 222 are connected with anti-off hooks 23 corresponding to the anti-off hooks.
  • Slot 24 When the snake bone unit rotates to the limit position, the limit slider 221 rotates to abut against the side wall of the limit chute 211, and the anti-detachment hook 23 is just inserted into the anti-detachment groove 24. The abutment between the side walls of 24 can effectively prevent the axial disengagement between the two snake bone units, thereby increasing the connection stability of the snake bone tube.
  • the two limiting chute 211 and the auxiliary chute 222 are arc-shaped, and the center of the arc is the center of the rotary block 21 to ensure that the rotary block 21 rotates in the rotary slot 22 , the rotation path of the limit slider 221 and the auxiliary slider 212 coincides with the corresponding limit chute 211 and the auxiliary chute 222, so that the limit slider 221 and the auxiliary slider 212 can slide smoothly to ensure that the two sections Snake bone units can rotate smoothly.
  • the arc angles of the two limiting chute 211 and the auxiliary chute 222 are the same, so as to ensure that when the serpentine unit is centered on the center of circle of the turning block 21, it rotates to
  • the other limit slider 221 is just in contact with the side wall of the other limit chute 211
  • the auxiliary slider 212 is just in contact with the side wall of the other limit chute 211.
  • the side walls of the auxiliary chute 222 abut against each other.
  • annular pipe 100 is divided into thin-walled section 10 and thick-walled section 20 along the circumferential direction, and the thickness of thin-walled section 10 is less than the thickness of thick-walled section 20; It is arranged on the thick-walled section 20; the thin-walled section 10 has a rope groove portion 11 (the thickness difference between the thick-walled section 20 and the thin-walled section 10 is not shown in FIG. 3 ).
  • the internal space in the snake bone unit can be increased, so that under the same internal space, the outer diameter of the snake bone unit of the present application will be smaller than the outer diameter of the snake bone unit in the prior art. diameter, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the outer diameter of the curved portion of the endoscope, which is beneficial to the operation.
  • the turning block 21 and the turning groove 22 are arranged on the thick-walled section 20, that is, the connection part is arranged on the thick-walled section 20, therefore, only reducing the thickness of the thin-walled section 10 will not affect the strength of the connecting part that needs to be stressed. Influence, so as to ensure that while increasing the internal space of the snake bone unit, the strength of the snake bone unit will not be greatly affected.
  • the thin-walled section 10 is radially penetrated with two parallel arc grooves 12 arranged in the circumferential direction, and the annular pipe 100 between the two arc grooves
  • the rope groove portion 11 is formed by bending in the axial direction.
  • the wall thickness of the annular pipe 100 in the prior art solution is the same as
  • the wall thickness of the thick-walled section 20 is the same, defined as a
  • the side wall of the thin-walled section 10 in the present application is thinned
  • the thinning amount is defined as b
  • the wall thickness of the thin-walled section 10 in the present application is a-b
  • the diameter of the smallest circular space in the snake bone unit in the present application is defined as x
  • the diameter of the smallest circular space in the prior art is defined as x1;
  • the diameter of the smallest circular space in the snake tube can be increased by 4b, thereby greatly increasing the internal space of the snake tube.
  • the thick-walled section 20 is symmetrically divided into two sections with the central axis of the annular pipe 100 as the center.
  • the same end of the two thick-walled sections 20 is fixed with a rotary block 21, and the other end is provided with a
  • the turning groove 22 is provided with two sets of connecting parts symmetrically through the center, so as to ensure the connection stability between two adjacent snake bone units.
  • the thin-walled section 10 is also divided into two sections, which are spaced apart from the thick-walled section 20 , and each thin-walled section 10 has a rope groove 11 .
  • the present application also provides a snake-bone tube, please refer to FIG. 5 , the snake-bone tube is formed by connecting multiple snake-bone units.
  • the present application also provides a serpentine tube. Please refer to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. Two channels 43 run through the snake tube.
  • the above-mentioned embodiment can meet the requirement that the insertion catheter can be bent when in use: since the bent part 40 includes a serpentine tube 41, after the bent part 40 enters the natural passage of the human body, it can bend to a certain extent, Fits the natural passage of the human body, facilitates the curved part 40 to enter the natural passage of the human body, thereby ensuring that the tip part 30 can reach the surgical site.
  • a guide wire 44 and at least two passages 43 are set in the snake bone tube 41, so that different passages 43 can distinguish the passage 43 for liquid injection and the passage 43 for medical equipment, so that during the operation, the irrigation of normal saline There will be no mutual interference between the implant and the medical device, so that the infusion of normal saline can be more smooth; the infused normal saline can fully dilute the blood and drain the fine stones out of the body to ensure that the images captured by the image sensor 31 are clear. And small stones can be discharged in time, so as to reduce the possibility of doctor's misjudgment and shorten the operation time.
  • different channels 43 can also be loaded with different medical devices to realize the combined use of different medical devices to meet different surgical needs, and different channels 43 can be perfused according to actual needs after inserting corresponding medical devices.
  • Saline to meet the surgical needs in different situations for example: currently, in the process of holmium laser stone removal, some stones float in the renal pelvis, and when the laser fiber is aimed at the stones and the laser pulse is turned on, the stones are likely to be bounced off and in the renal pelvis Floating, resulting in lower stone removal efficiency.
  • the stone basket 300 and the holmium laser fiber 400 are installed in different channels 43 respectively, so that the stone basket 300 can be used to trap the stone during the operation to prevent the stone from floating.
  • the laser pulse is turned on through the holmium laser fiber 400 to perform lithotripsy, so as to avoid the decrease of operation efficiency caused by floating stones, and the occurrence of damage to the gaps of human organs caused by laser misshooting, so as to increase the operation efficiency and safety.
  • the overall cross-sectional area of the channel 43 is larger, and the utilization rate of the space in the serpentine tube 41 is greater, so that compared with the prior art, the insertion catheter of the same size
  • at least two channels 43 can be provided, so that in the limited space inside the serpentine tube 41 , the requirements for liquid injection and instrument access can be met at the same time.
  • the space between the wire 44 and the channel 43 in the serpentine tube 41 and between any two channels 43 is defined as a gap space.
  • the wire 44 and the channel 43 are covered with the snake tube 41, so that a channel 43 of the minimum specification cannot be placed in the gap space, so as to ensure that the space inside the snake tube 41 is fully utilized;
  • the minimum specification here refers to A channel with an inner diameter that meets the minimum requirements for infusion or access to medical devices.
  • the cross section of the serpentine tube 41 is elliptical, so that when a plurality of passages 43 are arranged in the serpentine tube 41, compared with when the cross section of the serpentine tube 41 is circular with the same area, the serpentine tube The inner surface of 41 is closer to the channel 43 and the wire 44 , that is, the gap space is smaller, so as to achieve the effect of further increasing the space utilization rate in the snake-bone tube 41 .
  • the cross-sectional shape of the channel 43 is circular, oval or irregular.
  • the specific cross-sectional shape of the channel 43 can be comprehensively determined according to factors such as the inner diameter of the snake tube 41, the number of channels 43, and the arrangement structure between the channels 43 and the wires 44.
  • the shape of the formed gap space is the smallest, so as to achieve the effect of fully utilizing the space in the serpentine tube 41 .
  • the size of the cross-section of the channel 43 is 1Fr ⁇ 9Fr, so as to prevent the size of the cross-section of the channel 43 from being too small, so that the channel 43 cannot meet the minimum requirements for infusion and access to instruments.
  • the size in this article refers to the length of the longest line segment that can be drawn after two points are arbitrarily determined and connected on the cross section.
  • the channel 43 can be divided into a first channel 431 and a second channel 432 , and the cross-sectional area of the first channel 431 is greater than or equal to that of the second channel 432 . In one embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the first channel 431 is greater than the cross-sectional area of the second channel 432 .
  • the requirements for the cross-sectional area of the channel 43 are different when injecting liquid and loading medical devices of different sizes, different requirements can be met by dividing the channel 43 into a first channel 431 and a second channel 432 with different cross-sectional areas. , that is, it can meet the needs of liquid injection and loading of medical devices of different sizes at the same time, so as to achieve the effect of increasing versatility.
  • the first channel 431 is used to load medical instruments, while the second channel 432 is used to fill in physiological saline;
  • the second channel 432 is used to pass through the holmium laser optical fiber 400 and other medical devices that require less space.
  • the number of the first channel 431 and the second channel 432 in the snake tube 41 can be comprehensively determined according to factors such as the inner diameter of the snake tube 41, the outer diameter of the wire 44, and the arrangement structure between the channel 43 and the wire 44. As long as the wire 44 and passage 43 can be covered with snake-bone pipe 41, and make it impossible to put a passage 43 of minimum specification in the interstitial space.
  • one first channel 431 and one to three second channels 432 are disposed in the serpentine tube 41 .
  • the present application also provides an insertion catheter, including a curved portion 40 and a tip portion 30; the curved portion includes a flexible tube and the above-mentioned serpentine tube, the flexible tube is wrapped around the snake-bone tube, and the passage runs through the The tip part, the wire is electrically connected to the image sensor and the light emitting source.
  • the wire 44 is electrically connected to the image sensor 31 and the light source 32, that is, the image sensor 31 and the light source 32 can be powered by the wire 44.
  • the image signal captured by the image sensor 31 can be passed through
  • the wire 44 is used for transmission to meet the need for the catheter to be visible: after the tip part 30 reaches the surgical site, the light source 32 emits light to provide brightness, and cooperates with the image sensor 31 to take pictures, and can transmit the image signal of the surgical site to the external display
  • the device is convenient for doctors to observe and operate.
  • the above-mentioned flexible pipe 42 is coated on the serpentine tube 41, which means that the flexible pipe 42 is close to the outer surface of the serpentine tube 41, and the thickness of the flexible pipe 42 is uniform, so that the outer surface of the flexible pipe 42 is also oval, so that The flexible tube 42 reduces the cross-sectional area of the flexible tube 42 as much as possible while wrapping the serpentine tube 41 .
  • the soft tube 42 wrapping the snake bone tube 41 can effectively prevent the snake bone tube 41 from scratching or pinching the inner wall of the channel when the snake bone tube 41 is inserted into the natural channel of the human body, and the cross-sectional area of the soft tube 42 is as small as possible, which can facilitate flexible Tube 42 enters the natural passage of the human body.
  • the dimensions of the cross-section of the curved portion 40 and the tip portion 30 are both 6Fr-18Fr, so as to avoid the situation that the curved portion 40 and the tip portion 30 cannot enter the natural passage of the human body due to the large cross-sectional area. occurrence; and avoid the situation that the internal space of the serpentine tube 41 is not enough to set the channel 43 and the wire 44 due to the too small cross-sectional area of the bending portion 40 and the tip portion 30 .
  • the curved portion 40 has a dimension of 9 Fr and the tip portion 30 has a dimension of 9.3 Fr.
  • the present application also provides an electronic endoscope, please refer to FIG. 9 , which includes an operating handle 60, an insertion part 50, and the insertion catheter of any of the aforementioned embodiments.
  • One end of the insertion part 50 is connected to the bending part 40, and the other end is connected to the operating
  • the handle 60 is connected, and the operating handle 60 is provided with a handle 61 for controlling the bending of the bending part 40 .
  • the dial handle 61 controls the bending of the snake bone tube 41 in the up and down direction in FIG.
  • the tip portion 30 has the effect of being able to reach the surgical site.
  • the size of the cross-section of the insertion part 50 is also 6Fr ⁇ 18Fr, so as to avoid the cross-sectional area of the insertion part 50 being too large, resulting in the inability to enter the natural passage of the human body; and avoiding the cross-sectional area of the insertion part 50 being too small, resulting in insufficient internal space Channels 43 and wires 44 are provided.
  • the cross-section of the insert 50 has a dimension of 8.4 Fr.
  • the operating handle 60 is provided with the same number of insertion openings 62 as the channels 43 , and each channel 43 passes through the insertion portion 50 and the operating handle 60 to communicate with one insertion opening 62 .
  • the insertion port 62 is used to connect to the corresponding connector 641.
  • the connector 641 can be divided into an instrument connector and an injection connector according to the function of the channel 43 connected to the insertion port 62, so as to meet the insertion requirements of medical devices and the injection of liquids such as physiological saline. into demand.
  • the operating handle 60 is further provided with a plug 63 , and the wire 44 passes through the insertion portion 50 and the operating handle 60 to be electrically connected to the plug 63 .
  • the plug 63 can be plugged with a dedicated controller and display to realize electrical connection, so that the image signal captured by the image sensor 31 can be transmitted to the corresponding display through the wire 44 and the plug 63, thereby realizing the visual function.

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Abstract

一种蛇骨单元、蛇骨管、***导管及电子内窥镜。该蛇骨单元包括环形管(100)，环形管(100)的一端固设有转块(21)，另一端开设有转槽(22)，转块(21)能够与其他蛇骨单元的转槽(22)转动连接；转槽(22)的两侧分别固设有一个限位滑块(221)；转块(21)的两侧分别开设有一个限位滑槽(211)；限位滑块(221)能够与其他蛇骨单元的限位滑槽(211)滑动连接；转块(21)上固设有至少一个辅助滑块(212)；环形管(100)还开设有与辅助滑块(212)对应数量的辅助滑槽(222)，辅助滑槽(222)与转槽(22)连通；辅助滑块(212)能够与其他蛇骨单元的辅助滑槽(222)滑动配合。

Description

蛇骨单元、蛇骨管、***导管及电子内窥镜
相关申请
本申请要求2021年11月5日申请的，申请号为202111308813.3，发明名称为“***导管及具有其的电子内窥镜”的中国专利申请，以及2021年11月8日申请的，申请号为202122726820.7，发明名称为“蛇骨单元及具有其的蛇骨管”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及内窥镜相关技术领域，特别是涉及一种蛇骨单元、蛇骨管、***导管及电子内窥镜。
背景技术
电子内窥镜在使用时，通常将其***导管***人体体腔和脏器内腔后进行直接观察、诊断以及治疗，因此，电子内窥镜的***导管大多需要拥有可弯可视的功能，以便于***人体，并便于医生观察、操作。
现有的电子内窥镜***导管的蛇骨管内通常带有一个器械通道，用于通入各类辅助医疗器械进行诊断、治疗，以及注入生理盐水以冲淡血水，保证图像清晰并将细小结石引流排出体外。
但是，此类器械通道在装入对应器械后，会导致器械通道的空间变小，仅通过器械通道的剩余空间进行注液，会使得生理盐水的灌入效率较低，存在因生理盐水灌入效率无法满足手术需要，导致影响医生手术的可能。
发明内容
根据本申请的各种实施例，提供一种蛇骨单元、蛇骨管、***导管及电子内窥镜。
本申请提供一种蛇骨单元，包括环形管，所述环形管的一端固设有转块，另一端开设有转槽，所述转块能够与其他所述蛇骨单元的所述转槽转动连接；所述转槽的两侧分别固设有一个限位滑块；所述转块的两侧分别开设有一个限位滑槽；所述限位滑块能够与其他所述蛇骨单元的所述限位滑槽滑动连接；所述转块上固设有至少一个辅助滑块；所述环形管还开设有与所述辅助滑块对应数量的辅助滑槽，所述辅助滑槽与所述转槽连通；所述辅助滑块能够与其他所述蛇骨单元的所述辅助滑槽滑动配合。
上述蛇骨单元，通过辅助滑槽和辅助滑块增加蛇骨管连接部的强度，使得仅需要厚度更小的蛇骨单元即可维持蛇骨管原有的整体强度，而蛇骨单元的厚度越小，蛇骨单元内部的截面积相应越大，蛇骨管内用于容纳器械通道的可用空间也越大，从而能够更好地满足注液或器械通入的需求。
本申请还提供一种蛇骨管，所述蛇骨管的横截面呈椭圆形，所述蛇骨管内设置有导线以及至少两个通道，所述导线与两个所述通道均贯通所述蛇骨管。
可以理解的是，通过设置至少两个通道，相较于单个通道的设置方式，能够对单个通道情况下的间隙空间进行利用，以使得在蛇骨管内径不变的情况下，通道的总体截面积更大，对蛇骨管内空间利用率更大；此外，蛇骨管横截面呈椭圆形，以使得蛇骨管内设置多个通道的情况下，相较于横截面为同等面积的圆形时，蛇骨管内的间隙空间更小，蛇骨管内的空间利用率越高，从而能够更好地满足注液或器械通入的需求。
本申请还提供一种***导管，包括弯曲部与先端部，所述先端部设置有 图像传感器以及发光源；所述弯曲部包括软管和蛇骨管，所述软管包覆于所述蛇骨管，所述蛇骨管内设置有导线以及至少两个通道，所述通道贯穿所述先端部，所述导线与所述图像传感器以及所述发光源电连接。
本申请还提供一种电子内窥镜，包括操作手柄、***部以及上述的***导管；所述***部一端与所述弯曲部连接，另一端与所述操作手柄连接，所述操作手柄设置有用于控制所述弯曲部弯曲的拨柄。
本申请的一个或多个实施例的细节在下面的附图和描述中提出。本申请的其它特征、目的和优点将从说明书、附图以及权利要求书变得明显。
附图说明
为了更好地描述和说明这里公开的那些发明的实施例和/或示例，可以参考一幅或多幅附图。用于描述附图的附加细节或示例不应当被认为是对所公开的发明、目前描述的实施例和/或示例以及目前理解的这些发明的最佳模式中的任何一者的范围的限制。
图1为本申请的蛇骨单元的俯视方向示意图；
图2为图1中A-A方向的剖视结构示意图；
图3为本申请根据一个实施例的蛇骨管的立体结构示意图；
图4为图2与现有技术的蛇骨单元的剖面对比图；
图5为图3的俯视结构示意图；
图6为本申请的***导管的立体结构示意图；
图7为图6中弯曲部的横截面结构示意图；
图8为图6中的***导管安装有医疗器械时的立体结构示意图；
图9为本申请的电子内窥镜的正视结构示意图。
具体实施方式
电子内窥镜广泛的应用于泌尿外科或者呼吸科手术。在泌尿外科手术中，电子内窥镜的***导管经过消毒灭菌后，从病人的尿道进入，经膀胱、输尿管，最后进入各肾盂内，用于去结石、检查病灶、活检等操作；而在呼吸科手术中，***导管经过消毒灭菌后，从口腔内***，至气管及支气管，实现取异物、观察病灶、活检等手术操作。
现有电子内窥镜的***导管，***导管的蛇骨管内大多带有一个器械通道，用于通入各类辅助医疗器械进行诊断、治疗，以及注入生理盐水以冲淡血水，保证图像清晰并将细小结石引流排出体外。
在实际使用过程中，例如进行泌尿外科的输尿管或肾盂去结石手术时，由于器械通道在装入钬激光光纤或套石篮等器械后，器械通道的空间变小，仅通过器械通道的剩余空间进行注液，会使得生理盐水的灌入效率较低，存在因生理盐水灌入效率无法满足手术需要，导致影响医生手术进行的可能。
此外，由于人体内部各通道的扩张程度有限，为避免***导管无法进入对应人体自然通道的情况发生，使得对***导管外径具有严格要求，无法随意增加，从而使得设置于蛇骨管内的器械通道的外径也相应的无法随意增加，进而导致上述问题较为棘手且难以解决。
针对上述问题，本申请首先提供一种蛇骨单元，请参考图1所示，包括环形管100，环形管100的一端固设有转块21，另一端开设有转槽22，转块21能够与其他蛇骨单元的转槽22转动连接；转槽22的两侧分别固设有一个限位滑块221；转块21的两侧分别开设有一个限位滑槽211；限位滑块221能够与其他蛇骨单元的限位滑槽211滑动连接；转块21上固设有至少一个辅助滑块212；环形管100还开设有与辅助滑块212对应数量的辅助滑槽222，辅助滑槽222与转槽22连通；辅助滑块212能够与其他蛇骨单元的辅助滑槽 222滑动配合。
为便于描述，本文中将一节蛇骨单元的转槽22、辅助滑槽222及限位滑块221，以及另一节与该蛇骨单元对应连接的蛇骨单元的转块21、辅助滑块212及限位滑槽211，定义为这两节蛇骨单元的连接部。
其中，转块21与其他蛇骨单元的转槽22之间的转动连接，使得两节蛇骨单元之间能够进行相对转动，从而满足蛇骨管可活动的需求。
通过限位滑块221与其他蛇骨单元的限位滑槽211的滑动连接，一方面能够通过限制限位滑块221的滑动轨迹，从而限制两节蛇骨单元转动时的转动轨迹，进而保证转动过程平滑稳定；另一方面，能够通过限位滑块221与限位滑槽211侧壁之间的抵接，来限制限位滑块221的最大滑动量，进而限制蛇骨单元的最大转动角度，避免因蛇骨管转动角度过大，导致两节蛇骨单元之间发生碰撞干涉的情况发生。
此外，辅助滑块212能够与其他蛇骨单元的辅助滑槽222滑动配合，同样能起到上述的限位滑块221与限位滑槽211的作用，能够进一步增加蛇骨管转动时的稳定性。
并且，当蛇骨单元转动到极限位置时，若蛇骨单元进一步受力，此时外力直接作用于限位滑块221上，限位滑块221容易因受力产生变形，蛇骨管连接部的强度较低。
而本申请中，通过增设辅助滑块212与对应的辅助滑槽222，使得当蛇骨单元转动到极限位置时，限位滑块221与限位滑槽211的侧壁抵接，同时辅助滑块212与辅助滑槽222的侧壁抵接，此时，当蛇骨单元进一步受力时，外力由限位滑块221以及辅助滑块212共同承受，因此限位滑块221以及辅助滑块212不易发生变形，进而增加了蛇骨管连接部的强度。
可以理解的，通过增加蛇骨管连接部的强度，使得仅需要厚度更小的蛇骨单元即可维持蛇骨管原有的整体强度，而蛇骨单元的厚度越小，蛇骨单元内部的截面积相应越大，蛇骨管内用于容纳器械通道的可用空间也越大，从而能够更好地满足注液或器械通入的需求。此外，当辅助滑块212设置有多个时，辅助滑槽222设置有对应数量，且各辅助滑槽222之间互不连通，以保证当两节蛇骨单元转动至极限位置时，各辅助滑块212均能够与对应辅助滑槽222的侧壁抵接以分摊外力。
转槽22、限位滑槽211以及辅助滑槽222均沿径向贯通开设，蛇骨单元通过激光切割形成，通过将转槽22、限位滑槽211以及辅助滑槽222均沿径向贯通开设，能够有效降低激光切割的难度，以便于蛇骨管的加工成型。
在图1所示的实施例中，辅助滑块212位于转块21远离转槽22的一侧；辅助滑槽222位于转块21与转槽22之间。由于转块21与转槽22之间可供开设辅助滑槽222的空间相对较大，将辅助滑槽222开设于该位置，能够尽可能增加辅助滑槽222的大小，从而使得与之滑动配合的辅助滑块212的体积能够相应增大，进而使得辅助滑块212能够承受的极限压力增加，进一步提高连接部的强度。
同样在图1所示的实施例中，限位滑块221与辅助滑块212均固设有防脱钩23，限位滑槽211与辅助滑槽222均连通有与防脱钩23对应的防脱槽24。当蛇骨单元转动至极限位置时，限位滑块221转动至与限位滑槽211的侧壁抵接，防脱钩23恰好***防脱槽24内，此时通过防脱钩23与防脱槽24侧壁之间的抵接，能够有效的防止两节蛇骨单元之间沿轴向脱离，从而增加蛇骨管的连接稳定性。
在图1所示的实施例中，两个限位滑槽211以及辅助滑槽222均呈圆弧 形，且圆弧中心为转块21的圆心，以保证转块21在转槽22内转动时，限位滑块221以及辅助滑块212的转动路径恰好与对应的限位滑槽211以及辅助滑槽222重合，从而限位滑块221以及辅助滑块212能够顺畅滑动，以保证两节蛇骨单元之间能够顺畅转动。
同样在图1所示的实施例中，两个限位滑槽211以及辅助滑槽222的圆弧角度均相同，以保证当蛇骨单元以转块21的圆心为中心，沿任意方向转动至其中一个限位滑块221与限位滑槽211的侧壁抵接时，另一限位滑块221均恰好与另一限位滑槽211的侧壁抵接，同时辅助滑块212恰好与辅助滑槽222的侧壁抵接。
从而保证蛇骨单元以任意方向转动至极限位置时，辅助滑块212与两个限位滑块221均能够分摊外力，进而增加了蛇骨单元连接部的强度，增加了连接稳定性。
在结合图2和图3所示，环形管100沿圆周方向分为薄壁段10和厚壁段20，薄壁段10的厚度小于厚壁段20的厚度；转块21与转槽22均设置于厚壁段20；薄壁段10具有绳槽部11(图3中未示出厚壁段20与薄壁段10的厚度区别)。
通过做薄薄壁段10的厚度，可以增加蛇骨单元内的内部空间，从而使得在内部空间相同的情况下，本申请的蛇骨单元的外径会小于现有技术中蛇骨单元的外径，进而达到减少内窥镜弯曲部的外径的效果，有利于手术的进行。
此外，由于转块21与转槽22设置于厚壁段20，即连接部设置于厚壁段20，因此，仅减少薄壁段10的厚度，不会对需要受力的连接部的强度造成影响，从而保证在增大蛇骨单元内部空间的同时，不会对蛇骨单元的强度造成较大影响。
请结合图1和图2所示，薄壁段10径向贯通开设有两条相互平行，且沿周向布置的圆弧槽12，位于两条圆弧槽12之间的环形管100向中轴线方向弯折，形成绳槽部11。
请参考图4所示，将本申请和现有技术的对比，假设蛇骨外径相同，定义为d，且穿钢丝绳的槽孔径c相同，现有技术的方案中环形管100的壁厚与本申请中厚壁段20的壁厚相同，定义为a，本申请薄壁段10的侧壁做减薄处理，减薄量定义为b，因此本申请中薄壁段10的壁厚为a-b，将本申请中蛇骨单元内最小圆形空间的直径定义为x，现有技术中最小圆形空间的直径定义为x1；
则
Figure PCTCN2022113677-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022113677-appb-000002
因此，x-x 1＝4b；
即本申请通过将薄壁段10的侧壁减薄b，可以将蛇骨管内最小圆形空间的直径增加4b，从而大大增加了蛇骨管内部空间。
在图2所示的实施例中，厚壁段20以环形管100的中轴线为中心对称分为有两段，两段厚壁段20的同一端均固设有转块21，另一端均开设有转槽22，通过中心对称设置两组连接部，从而保证相邻两节蛇骨单元之间的连接稳定性。
在上述实施例中，薄壁段10同样分为两段，且与厚壁段20间隔设置，每一薄壁段10均具有一绳槽部11。
本申请还提供一种蛇骨管，请参考图5所示，蛇骨管由多个蛇骨单元连接形成。
本申请还提供一种蛇骨管，请结合图6和图7所示，蛇骨管41的横截面呈椭圆形，蛇骨管41内设置有导线44以及至少两个通道43，导线44和两个通道43贯穿蛇骨管。
请参考图7所示，上述实施例在使用时，能够满足***导管可弯的需求：由于弯曲部40包括蛇骨管41，从而使得弯曲部40进入人体自然通道后，能够发生一定弯曲，贴合人体自然通道，便于弯曲部40进入人体自然通道，从而保证先端部30能够到达手术位置。
本申请通过蛇骨管41内设置导线44以及至少两个通道43，使得不同的通道43能够区分出注液用的通道43以及医疗器械用的通道43，从而使得手术过程中，生理盐水的灌入与医疗器械之间不会互相干涉，从而使得生理盐水的灌入更加通畅；灌入的生理盐水能够充分冲淡血水，并将细小结石引流排出体外，以保证图像传感器31所拍摄的图像清晰，且细小结石能够及时排出，达到减少医生误判可能以及缩短手术时间的效果。
此外，不同的通道43还能够装入不同的医疗器械，以实现不同医疗器械的并用，从而满足不同的手术需求，且不同的通道43在***相应的医疗器械后，均可根据实际需要灌注生理盐水，以满足不同情况下的手术需求；例如：目前在进行钬激光去结石的过程中，部分结石浮游在肾盂内，激光光纤对准结石开启激光脉冲时，结石容易被弹开并在肾盂内浮动，导致去结石效率较低。
而在图8所示的实施例中，通过在不同的通道43中分别装入套石篮300以及钬激光光纤400，使得手术过程中可以先使用套石篮300套住结石，防止结石浮动，再通过钬激光光纤400开启激光脉冲，进行碎石手术，从而避免因结石浮动导致手术效率降低，以及激光误射损伤人体器官缝隙的情况发生， 达到增加手术效率与安全性的效果。
请返回参考图7所示，现有技术中在***导管内仅设置单个通道43的情况下，该通道43与导线44之间始终会留有较大的间隙，而本申请中，通过设置至少两个通道43，其中一个通道43可以与现有技术中的单个通道43的尺寸相近，而其他的通道43可以设置于上述的通道43与导线44之间的间隙内，从而对单个通道43情况下的间隙空间进行利用。
以使得在蛇骨管41内径不变的情况下，通道43的总体截面积更大，对蛇骨管41内空间利用率更大，以使得在与现有技术相比相同尺寸的***导管内，本申请能够设置至少两个通道43，进而能够在蛇骨管41内部有限的空间内，同时满足注液与器械通入的需求的效果。
为便于描述，将蛇骨管41内导线44与通道43之间以及任意两个通道43之间的空间定义为间隙空间。
本申请中，导线44与通道43铺满蛇骨管41，以使得间隙空间内无法放入一个最小规格的通道43，以保证蛇骨管41内部的空间被充分利用；这里的最小规格，指能够满足注液或通入医疗器械的最低需求的内径尺寸的通道。此外，通过蛇骨管41的横截面呈椭圆形，以使得蛇骨管41内设置多个通道43的情况下，相较于蛇骨管41横截面为同等面积的圆形时，蛇骨管41的内表面更加靠近通道43以及导线44，即间隙空间更小，从而达到进一步增加蛇骨管41内的空间利用率的效果。
在一些实施例中，通道43的横截面形状为圆形、椭圆形或者异形。通道43具体的横截面形状可根据蛇骨管41内径大小、通道43的数量以及通道43与导线44之间的排布结构等因素综合决定，通常优选将通道43排布至蛇骨管41内后，所形成的间隙空间最小的形状，以达到充分利用蛇骨管41内空 间的效果。
在一些实施例中，通道43的横截面的尺寸为1Fr～9Fr，避免通道43的横截面的尺寸过小，导致通道43无法满足注液及通入器械的最低需求。
本文中的尺寸，指在该横截面上任意确定两点并连接后，所能作出的最长线段的长度。
在图7所示的实施例中，通道43可分为第一通道431以及第二通道432，且第一通道431的横截面积大于或等于第二通道432的横截面积。在一个实施例中，第一通道431的横截面积大于第二通道432的横截面积。
由于注液以及不同尺寸医疗器械装入时，对通道43的横截面积需求并不相同，通过将通道43区分为横截面积不同的第一通道431与第二通道432，能够适应不同的需求，即能够同时满足注液及不同尺寸医疗器械装入的需求，从而达到增加泛用性的效果。
例如，第一通道431用于装入医疗器械，而第二通道432用于灌入生理盐水；或第一通道431用于装入套石篮300等所需空间较大的医疗器械，而第二通道432用于通入钬激光光纤400等所需空间较小的医疗器械。
蛇骨管41内设置第一通道431以及第二通道432的数量可根据蛇骨管41内径大小、导线44外径大小以及通道43与导线44之间的排布结构等因素综合决定，只要导线44与通道43能够铺满蛇骨管41，并使得间隙空间内无法放入一个最小规格的通道43即可。
在一个实施例中，蛇骨管41内设置有一个第一通道431以及一至三个第二通道432。
本申请还提供一种***导管，包括弯曲部40和先端部30；所述弯曲部包括软管和上述的蛇骨管，所述软管包覆于所述蛇骨管，所述通道贯穿所述先 端部，所述导线与所述图像传感器以及所述发光源电连接。
请参考图6和图7所示，导线44与图像传感器31以及发光源32电连接，即通过导线44能够为图像传感器31与发光源32供电，此外，图像传感器31拍摄得到的画面信号能够通过导线44进行传输，以满足***导管可视的需求：在先端部30到达手术位置后，通过发光源32发光提供亮度，配合图像传感器31拍摄画面，能够将手术位置的图像信号传输至外界的显示装置，从而便于医生观察、操作。
上述的软管42包覆于蛇骨管41，指软管42紧贴于蛇骨管41的外表面，且软管42厚度均匀，以使得软管42的外表面同样呈椭圆形，从而使得软管42在将蛇骨管41包裹的同时，尽可能减小了软管42的横截面积。
其中，软管42包裹蛇骨管41可以有效避免蛇骨管41在***人体自然通道的过程中，划伤或夹伤通道内壁，而尽可能较小软管42的横截面积，能够便于软管42进入人体自然通道。
在一些实施例中，弯曲部40与先端部30的横截面的尺寸均为6Fr～18Fr，以避免因弯曲部40与先端部30的横截面积过大，导致其无法进入人体自然通道的情况发生；以及避免因弯曲部40与先端部30的横截面积过小，导致蛇骨管41内部空间不足以设置通道43以及导线44的情况发生。
在一个实施例中，弯曲部40的尺寸为9Fr，先端部30的尺寸为9.3Fr。
本申请还提供一种电子内窥镜，请参考图9所示，包括操作手柄60、***部50以及前述任一实施方式的***导管，***部50一端与弯曲部40连接，另一端与操作手柄60连接，操作手柄60设置有用于控制弯曲部40弯曲的拨柄61。
拨柄61通过控制蛇骨管41沿图9中的上下方向弯曲，以实现控制弯曲 部40的弯曲，从而使得弯曲部40能够贴合人体自然通道，达到便于弯曲部40进入人体自然通道以及保证先端部30能够到达手术位置的效果。
***部50的横截面的尺寸同样为6Fr～18Fr，以避免***部50的横截面积过大，导致无法进入人体自然通道；以及避免***部50的横截面积过小，导致内部空间不足以设置通道43以及导线44。在一个实施例中，***部50的横截面的尺寸为8.4Fr。
在一些实施例中，操作手柄60上设置与通道43数量相同的***口62，每一通道43均贯穿***部50以及操作手柄60至与一个***口62连通。***口62用于连接对应的接头641，接头641可根据该***口62所连接的通道43的作用，分为器械接头与注液接头，以满足医疗器械的***需求以及生理盐水等液体的灌入需求。
在一些实施例中，操作手柄60上还设置有插头63，导线44贯穿***部50以及操作手柄60至与插头63电连接。插头63能够与专用的控制器、显示器插接实现电连接，从而使得图像传感器31所拍摄得到的图像信号，能够通过导线44以及插头63传输至对应的显示器内，从而实现可视功能。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种蛇骨单元，其特征在于，包括环形管，所述环形管的一端固设有转块，另一端开设有转槽，所述转块能够与其他所述蛇骨单元的所述转槽转动连接；
    所述转槽的两侧分别固设有一个限位滑块；所述转块的两侧分别开设有一个限位滑槽；所述限位滑块能够与其他所述蛇骨单元的所述限位滑槽滑动连接；
    所述转块上固设有至少一个辅助滑块；所述环形管还开设有与所述辅助滑块对应数量的辅助滑槽，所述辅助滑槽与所述转槽连通；所述辅助滑块能够与其他所述蛇骨单元的所述辅助滑槽滑动配合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的蛇骨单元，其中，所述辅助滑块位于所述转块远离所述转槽的一侧；所述辅助滑槽位于所述转块与所述转槽之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的蛇骨单元，其中，所述限位滑块与所述辅助滑块均固设有防脱钩，所述限位滑槽与所述辅助滑槽均连通有与所述防脱钩对应的防脱槽。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的蛇骨单元，其中，两个所述限位滑槽以及所述辅助滑槽均呈圆弧形，且圆弧中心为所述转块的圆心。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的蛇骨单元，其中，两个所述限位滑槽以及所述辅助滑槽的圆弧角度均相同。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的蛇骨单元，其中，所述环形管沿圆周方向分为薄壁段和厚壁段，所述薄壁段的厚度小于所述厚壁段的厚度；所述转块与所述转槽均设置于所述厚壁段；所述薄壁段具有绳槽部。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的蛇骨单元，其中，所述薄壁段径向贯通开设有两 条相互平行，且沿周向布置的圆弧槽，位于两条所述圆弧槽之间的所述环形管向中轴线方向弯折，形成所述绳槽部。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的蛇骨单元，其中，所述厚壁段以所述环形管的中轴线为中心对称分为有两段，两段所述厚壁段的同一端均固设有转块，另一端均开设有转槽。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的蛇骨单元，其中，所述薄壁段分为两段，且与所述厚壁段间隔设置，每一薄壁段均具有一绳槽部。
  10. 一种蛇骨管，其特征在于，所述蛇骨管的横截面呈椭圆形，所述蛇骨管内设置有导线以及至少两个通道，所述导线与两个所述通道均贯通所述蛇骨管。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的蛇骨管，其中，所述蛇骨管由多个蛇骨单元依次连接形成，所述蛇骨单元包括环形管，所述环形管的一端固设有转块，另一端开设有转槽，所述转块能够与其他所述蛇骨单元的所述转槽转动连接；
    所述转槽的两侧分别固设有一个限位滑块；所述转块的两侧分别开设有一个限位滑槽；所述限位滑块能够与其他所述蛇骨单元的所述限位滑槽滑动连接；
    所述转块上固设有至少一个辅助滑块；所述环形管还开设有与所述辅助滑块对应数量的辅助滑槽，所述辅助滑槽与所述转槽连通；所述辅助滑块能够与其他所述蛇骨单元的所述辅助滑槽滑动配合。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的蛇骨管，其中，所述辅助滑块位于所述转块远离所述转槽的一侧；所述辅助滑槽位于所述转块与所述转槽之间。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的蛇骨管，其中，所述限位滑块与所述辅助滑块均固设有防脱钩，所述限位滑槽与所述辅助滑槽均连通有与所述防脱钩对应 的防脱槽。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的蛇骨管，其中，两个所述限位滑槽以及所述辅助滑槽均呈圆弧形，且圆弧中心为所述转块的圆心。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的蛇骨管，其中，两个所述限位滑槽以及所述辅助滑槽的圆弧角度均相同。
  16. 根据权利要求11所述的蛇骨管，其中，所述环形管沿圆周方向分为薄壁段和厚壁段，所述薄壁段的厚度小于所述厚壁段的厚度；所述转块与所述转槽均设置于所述厚壁段；所述薄壁段具有绳槽部。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的蛇骨管，其中，所述薄壁段径向贯通开设有两条相互平行，且沿周向布置的圆弧槽，位于两条所述圆弧槽之间的所述环形管向中轴线方向弯折，形成所述绳槽部。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的蛇骨管，其中，所述厚壁段以所述环形管的中轴线为中心对称分为有两段，两段所述厚壁段的同一端均固设有转块，另一端均开设有转槽。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的蛇骨管，其中，所述薄壁段分为两段，且与所述厚壁段间隔设置，每一薄壁段均具有一绳槽部。
  20. 根据权利要求10所述的蛇骨管，其中，所述通道的横截面形状为圆形、椭圆形或者异形。
  21. 根据权利要求10所述的蛇骨管，其中，所述通道的横截面的尺寸为1Fr～9Fr。
  22. 根据权利要求10所述的蛇骨管，其中，所述通道包括第一通道以及第二通道。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的蛇骨管，其中，所述第一通道的横截面积大于 或等于所述第二通道的横截面积。
  24. 根据权利要求22所述的蛇骨管，其中，所述蛇骨管内设置有一个所述第一通道以及一至三个所述第二通道。
  25. 一种***导管，其特征在于，包括弯曲部与先端部，
    所述先端部设置有图像传感器以及发光源；
    所述弯曲部包括软管以及如权利要求10-24中任意一项所述的蛇骨管，所述软管包覆于所述蛇骨管，所述通道贯穿所述先端部，所述导线与所述图像传感器以及所述发光源电连接。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的***导管，其中，所述弯曲部与所述先端部的横截面的尺寸均为6Fr～18Fr。
  27. 一种电子内窥镜，其特征在于，包括操作手柄、***部以及如权利要求25或26所述的***导管，所述***部一端与所述弯曲部连接，另一端与所述操作手柄连接，所述操作手柄设置有用于控制所述弯曲部弯曲的拨柄。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的电子内窥镜，其中，所述操作手柄上设置与所述通道数量相同的***口，每一所述通道均贯穿所述***部以及所述操作手柄至与一个所述***口连通。
  29. 根据权利要求27所述的电子内窥镜，其中，所述操作手柄上还设置有插头，所述导线贯穿所述***部以及所述操作手柄至与所述插头电连接。
PCT/CN2022/113677 2021-11-05 2022-08-19 蛇骨单元、蛇骨管、***导管及电子内窥镜 WO2023077913A1 (zh)

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