WO2023073252A1 - System for implementing the optimal arrangement of leads used by pacemakers during stimulation in the area of the his bundle or in the area of the left bundle - Google Patents

System for implementing the optimal arrangement of leads used by pacemakers during stimulation in the area of the his bundle or in the area of the left bundle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023073252A1
WO2023073252A1 PCT/ES2021/070777 ES2021070777W WO2023073252A1 WO 2023073252 A1 WO2023073252 A1 WO 2023073252A1 ES 2021070777 W ES2021070777 W ES 2021070777W WO 2023073252 A1 WO2023073252 A1 WO 2023073252A1
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Prior art keywords
bundle
area
pacemakers
signals
during stimulation
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PCT/ES2021/070777
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Joaquín OSCA ASENSI
José Ignacio RICHARTE PERALTA
Jesús VILA BERNABÉ
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Cardiohis, S.L.
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Application filed by Cardiohis, S.L. filed Critical Cardiohis, S.L.
Priority to PCT/ES2021/070777 priority Critical patent/WO2023073252A1/en
Publication of WO2023073252A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023073252A1/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/362Heart stimulators
    • A61N1/37Monitoring; Protecting

Definitions

  • the present invention discloses a system that allows users to determine the best position of leads used by pacemakers during pacing in the His bundle or left bundle branch region.
  • the system is made up of a device (40) that incorporates an acquisition module and an electronic processing module; a tablet (50) to display both the signals and the smart support; more sensitive electrocardiograph (ECG) and intracardiac (EGM) signal acquisition circuitry and software, and software to automatically predict lead proximity to the conduction system.
  • ECG electrocardiograph
  • ECM intracardiac
  • the atrioventricular node, the bundle of His, and their branches are part of the electrical system of the heart. These allow the conduction of the electrical signal to the ventricles.
  • Each ventricle has a branch from the bundle of His, called the right or left bundle branch.
  • Atrioventricular block appears when the transmission of the electrical impulse to the ventricles fails and may appear due to a localized problem in the atrioventricular node, the bundle of His, or in the branches of the bundle of His.
  • His bundle branch block is a problem in which one of the branches (right or left) of the heart does not work properly. This causes a delay in the passage of the signal.
  • the main pumping chambers of the heart, the ventricles are activated less than expected and even below what the body needs to maintain vital functions, and synchrony between the atria and ventricles is also lost, which further deteriorates plus the functionality of the heart.
  • the only treatment capable of solving this problem is the implantation of a pacemaker with the implantation of a cable that stimulates the cardiac ventricles.
  • Cardiac pacing is the mainstay of treatment for bradycardia disorders of the heart and the right ventricular (RV) apex has been the traditional site of choice for permanent ventricular pacing. It is mainly due to technical aspects such as the stability of the cable at this anatomical point.
  • chronic pacing from the apex of the right ventricle has shown deleterious effects on hemodynamics, is associated with left ventricular dysfunction and the appearance of cardiomyopathy. New-onset heart failure is seen in 9% of patients receiving right ventricular pacing at 1-year follow-up and up to 39% after a median follow-up of 10 years.
  • the relationship between chronic right ventricular pacing and heart failure has recently been supported by a European registry conducted in Denmark.
  • the primary objective of this study was to compare the risk of heart failure between pacemaker and non-paced patients with a right ventricular pacing lead and no prior heart failure and an age- and sex-matched control cohort with no prior heart failure.
  • the study involved 27,704 patients with pacemakers implanted between 2000 and 2014 and showed how patients with pacemaker implants suffered a higher incidence of heart failure and higher mortality.
  • Physiologic pacing or pacing of the conduction system is obtained by implanting the pacing lead in the region of the bundle of His or in the area of the left bundle.
  • This pacing provides the most physiologic form of pacing, as it preserves physiologic activation of the left ventricle through the intrinsic electrical system of the heart and avoids the deleterious effects of chronic nonphysiologic RV pacing.
  • the main reported benefits of His-is or left bundle-branch pacing are a very significant reduction in the paced QRS width, an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction, a reduction in hospitalizations for heart failure, and even a lower mortality as suggested by a meta-analysis that suggests even lower mortality.
  • His-bundle or left-bundle pacing may also normalize conduction in patients with bundle branch block (BBB) and therefore has a role as an alternative to biventricular pacing as cardiac resynchronization therapy in treatment of patients with heart failure.
  • BBB bundle branch block
  • physiological pacing has significant drawbacks that have reduced the universalization of this modality of cardiac pacing.
  • Physiologic pacing is associated with a lower success rate, higher probability of lead dislocation, induction of His bundle damage, and high and unstable pacing thresholds. Consequently, pacemaker manufacturers are developing new tools to address the limitations of physiologic pacing, such as new pacing leads, new sheaths to guide pacing lead implantation, or even new algorithms for pacemaker automation.
  • the availability of adequate intracavitary detection and 12-lead electrocardiography essential to analyze pacing morphologies to confirm HB or LBBB recruitment are essential factors. for physiological stimulation.
  • Pacemaker programmers and analyzers used in common pacemaker implants, have limited intracavitary sensing capabilities and do not have a 12-lead ECG, making them unusable for physiologic pacing and necessitating the use of an electrophysiologic polygraph.
  • electrophysiological polygraphs are limited to large arrhythmia units and must be handled by experts and is an expensive device with many more functionalities than those necessary for physiological pacing.
  • the American patent application US20200069938 provides methods for the stimulation of the bundle of His and the left branch of the bundle of His.
  • the method comprises selectively delivering an electrical stimulation pulse to one or more individual electrodes of a roughly linear electrode array, wherein the approximately linear electrode array is set to intersect the bundle of His.
  • the approximately linear array of electrodes is affixed to cardiac tissue by a prong, a stretchable coil, or a combination thereof.
  • the approximately linear array of electrodes comprises at least four, preferably eight, electrodes.
  • the approximately linear array of electrodes is set approximately orthogonal.
  • the approximately linear array of electrodes is disposed on a distal section of a pacemaker lead.
  • the approximately linear electrode array is provided in a leadless pacemaker.
  • the present disclosure provides a lead rhythm comprising a distal section having a distal fixation mechanism, a distal section having a plurality of electrodes along the face of the lead, and a proximal section it has a tip fitted with multiple electrodes.
  • the American patent application US20200261731 discloses a medical device system, which incorporates a computer apparatus configured to receive electrical signals from the body surface from an electrode apparatus that includes multiple external electrodes.
  • the medical device comprises: an electrode apparatus comprising a plurality of external electrodes configured to monitor a plurality of electrical signals from a patient's body surface; and a calculating apparatus coupled to the electrode apparatus and comprising processing circuitry configured to generate cardiac electrical asynchrony data from the body surface electrical signals received from the plurality of external electrodes during the delivery of their pulsed stimulation beams, further allowing identify effective His-bundle capture by His-bundle pacing based on electrical dyssynchrony data, where effective His-bundle capture comprises capture of both a left and a right bundle branch of a bundle of His ; and generating an indication of His bundle capture in response to the identification of effective His bundle capture.
  • the present invention provides a satisfactory solution to the implantation problem of the stimulation system by determining the best position of the cables used by the pacemaker during pacing in the region of the bundle of His or the left bundle, since it incorporates 2 good-resolution intracavitary channels and a 12-lead electrocardiogram.
  • the signals are analyzed and processed to facilitate the procedure for users. It is composed of a) a device for data acquisition and electronic processing, b) a tablet to display both signals and smart support, c) a cloud-based back-end for data storage, and d) a system data processing for learning and feedback on implementation and for patient follow-up.
  • the invention is an affordable solution, it brings together all the necessary specifications in a single technology and facilitates implantation procedures for all implant units around the world.
  • Figure 1. Shows a view of the device (40) that incorporates an acquisition module and an electronic processing module and the tablet (50) that allows both the signals and the user interface to be displayed.
  • FIG.- shows a schematic view of the power distribution in the device (40) connected to 5 VDC from the external power supply that is distributed in the main voltages used to power the analog module (10), processing module ( 20) and transmission module (30). It can be seen that these modules receive the signals of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrogram (EGM). DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • the present invention allows users to determine the best position of leads used by pacemakers during His bundle or left bundle pacing. It is based on the use of electrocardiograph (ECG) and intracardiac signal acquisition circuitry and software using a more sensitive electrogram (EGM) signal and software to automatically predict lead proximity to the conduction system.
  • ECG electrocardiograph
  • EMM electrogram
  • the pacemaker lead is a non-insulated end of the lead that is in direct contact with the heart. It is usually connected to a pulse generator to stimulate the heart in different ways.
  • the electrode can be placed in the upper chamber (atrium) or in the lower chamber (ventricle).
  • the pulse generator must be programmed with a few parameters: voltage, frequency, etc. It depends on the patient's condition and where it is connected.
  • the system of the invention makes it possible to implant the lead in the same conduction system, in the area called the bundle of His and the left bundle branch.
  • the main advantage of this system is that it is a more physiological procedure with corresponding advantages for patients.
  • the device optimizes the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the electrogram (EGM) signal to ensure detection of HIS and left bundle branch signals.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • Easy-to-use remote interface allows user to view multi-lead surface electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrogram (EGM) signal on the same screen, change filter gain and resolution, and save data to database .
  • ECG multi-lead surface electrocardiogram
  • EMG electrogram
  • EMG electrogram
  • ECG electrocardiogram
  • ECG electrogram
  • LVAT left ventricular activation time
  • the solution proposed in the present invention is not only a device to collect information, but is composed of 2 main physical components: a device (40) with electronic acquisition and processing and a tablet (50) (based on iPad or Android) to display both signs and intelligent support for predictive location.
  • the System for determining the optimal arrangement of the leads used by pacemakers during stimulation in the region of the bundle of His or in the area of the left bundle comprises a device (40) that incorporates an acquisition module and an electronic processing module; a tablet (50) to display both the signals and the smart support; a cloud-based back-end for data storage; and a data processing system for learning and feedback on implementation and for patient follow-up.
  • the device with the electronic acquisition and processing comprises an analog module (10) where the ECG and EGM signals are amplified, filtered and level adjusted; a processing module (20) that executes the analog to digital conversion of the signals and performs the digital filtering thereof; and a Bluetooth transmission module (30) that receives the data from the processing module and sends it to the wireless device connected to the user interface.
  • the device is connected to 5 V DC from the external power supply which are converted to the main voltages used in the devices on the power supply board, the device incorporates a main switch (1) for power on and off, a power board (2) that allows the distribution of current to feed the analog module (10), processing module (20) and transmission module (30).
  • the amounts of energy are distributed as follows:
  • the analog module (10) is made up of a surface electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquisition submodule and a pulse signal acquisition submodule. electrograms (EGM).
  • ECG surface electrocardiogram
  • EMG electrograms
  • the ECG submodule includes an amplifier to reduce interference, called the Right Leg Lead (RLD).
  • the superficial ECG acquisition sub-module uses two integrated devices specialized in ECG signal acquisition and interfaced with master/slave configuration.
  • Electrocardiograph, electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrogram (EGM) signals are acquired and processed in the acquisition sub-module.
  • This submodule is connected via Bluetooth to the tablet where the user interface is running.
  • the user can view the multilead surface ECG and EGM signals on the same screen, change the cutoff frequency of the digital low-pass filter, change the amplitude of the waveforms, and perform automatic calculation of the ventricular contraction width (VTW). of QRS), heart rate (HR) and left ventricular activation time (LVAT) using electrogram (EGM) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in real time.
  • QRS QRS
  • HR heart rate
  • LVAT left ventricular activation time
  • ECG electrocardiogram
  • the ECG and EGM signals are amplified, filtered and level adjusted using high signal to noise ratio amplifiers and high precision components.
  • the processing module (20) executes the analog to digital conversion of the signals and carries out the digital filtering thereof.
  • the signals are digitally filtered and amplified to be sent to the Bluetooth transmission module (30).
  • a microcontroller is the main component of this module (20) to execute its functions.
  • the parameters used by the device hardware are stored in an internal microprocessor EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) or (electrically erasable programmable ROM). It is a type of internal memory of the microprocessor that can be electrically programmed, erased and reprogrammed.
  • the Bluetooth transmission module (30) receives the data from the processing module (20) and sends it to the wireless device connected to the user interface. In addition, it receives the different parameters set by the user in the user interface to change the hardware configuration.
  • the user interface device is a portable device on which the software for displaying ECG and EGM signals and allowing the user to set all the parameters necessary to detect the intracardiac signal.
  • the EGM signal acquisition submodule amplifies, filters, and levels the intracardiac signal detected on a bipolar catheter.
  • the bipolar EGM signal is obtained by subtracting cardiac electrical activity detected by a pair of nearby electrodes.
  • multi-electrode catheters generally have short electrode gaps (around 2 mm), therefore are less sensitive to far-field electrical sources and have a high signal-to-noise ratio, the design of EGM acquisition bipolar must consider all the details so that you get the best possible signal quality.
  • the filters used in the EGM acquisition submodule it has been considered that the EGM signals are concentrated in the bandwidth between 30 Hz - 500 Hz and the European electrical network uses 50 Hz.
  • the filters used in this stage They are a passive high-pass filter with cut-off frequency equal to 1 Hz to eliminate the DC component of the signal and a low-pass filter centered at 1 KHz to guarantee the subsequent analog-to-digital conversion of the signal (ADC).
  • the filtered signal is amplified and level adjusted before it is delivered to the analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) processing module.
  • ADC analog-to-digital conversion
  • the processing module (20) is made up of a dual-core microprocessor.
  • the microprocessor also performs digital filtering of the acquired signals to improve their signal to noise ratio before sending them to the Bluetooth module.
  • the Bluetooth transmission module (30) allows wireless communication between the user interface device and the acquisition device. It receives the acquired data from the processing module (20) and transmits it to the application running on the user interface device. Likewise, it receives the configuration set by the user in the user interface device and delivers it to the processing module.
  • Bluetooth transmission/reception is done from the dual-core processor itself used in the processing module, which incorporates these wireless transmission functions.
  • the device incorporates a powerful data processing capability for signal filtering and characterization. This is so since the data transferred to the user interface will be fully processed in the processing module (20) to simplify the registration of the medical device.
  • the system will automatically calculate the following measurements and display on the screen in real time:
  • the system will use the ECG and EGM signals detected through the device.
  • the values obtained will define the suitability of the evaluated stimulation site for physiological stimulation.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a system that allows the best positioning of the leads used by pacemakers during stimulation in the area of the His bundle or of the left bundle. The system is formed by: a device (40) that includes an acquisition module and an electronic processing module; a tablet (50) to displaying signals and smart support; software and a more sensitive circuit to acquire electrocardiogram (ECG) and intracardiac electrogram (EGM) signals; and software to automatically predict the proximity of the lead to a conduction system. The device (40) with electronic processing and acquisition includes: an analogue module (10) in which the ECG and EGM signals are amplified, filtered and level-adjusted; a processing module (20) that converts the signals from analogue to digital and digitally filters same; and a Bluetooth transmission module (30) that receives the data from the processing module (20) and send them to a wireless device connected to a user interface.

Description

SISTEMA PARA IMPLEMENTAR LA DISPOSICIÓN ÓPTIMA DE LOS CABLES UTILIZADOS POR LOS MARCAPASOS DURANTE LA ESTIMULACIÓN EN LA REGIÓN DEL HAZ DE HIS O EN EL ÁREA DEL HAZ IZQUIERDO SYSTEM TO IMPLEMENT THE OPTIMAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE LEADS USED BY PACEMAKERS DURING PACING IN THE BUNDLE OF HIS REGION OR IN THE LEFT BUNDLE AREA
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención revela un sistema que permite a los usuarios determinar la mejor posición de los cables utilizados por los marcapasos durante la estimulación en la región de haz de His o de la rama izquierda del haz de His. El sistema se encuentra compuesto por un dispositivo (40) que incorpora un módulo de adquisición y un módulo de procesamiento electrónico; una tableta (50) para mostrar tanto las señales como el soporte inteligente; un software y un circuito de adquisición de señales de electrocardiógrafo (ECG) e intracardíaco (EGM) más sensible y software para predecir automáticamente la proximidad del cable al sistema de conducción. The present invention discloses a system that allows users to determine the best position of leads used by pacemakers during pacing in the His bundle or left bundle branch region. The system is made up of a device (40) that incorporates an acquisition module and an electronic processing module; a tablet (50) to display both the signals and the smart support; more sensitive electrocardiograph (ECG) and intracardiac (EGM) signal acquisition circuitry and software, and software to automatically predict lead proximity to the conduction system.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
El nodo aurículo ventricular, el haz de His y sus ramas son parte del sistema eléctrico del corazón. Estas permiten la conducción de la señal eléctrica hacia los ventrículos. Cada ventrículo tiene una rama del haz de His, denominada rama derecha o izquierda. El bloqueo auriculoventricular aparece cuando falla la transmisión del impulso eléctrico hacia los ventrículos y puede aparecer por un problema localizado en el nodo auriculoventricular, el haz de His o en las ramas del haz de His. El bloqueo de la rama del haz de His es un problema en el cual una de estas ramas (derecha o izquierda) del corazón no funciona correctamente. Esto provoca una demora en el paso de la señal. Como resultado, las cavidades principales de bombeo del corazón, los ventrículos, se activan menos de lo esperado e incluso por debajo de las necesidades del organismo para mantener las funciones vitales y además se pierde la sincronía entre las aurículas y los ventrículos lo que deteriora aún más la funcionalidad del corazón. Esto hace que el corazón se debilite y el flujo sanguíneo sea menos eficiente. El único tratamiento capaz de solución este problema es el implante de un marcapasos con el implante de un cable que estimule los ventrículos cardíacos. The atrioventricular node, the bundle of His, and their branches are part of the electrical system of the heart. These allow the conduction of the electrical signal to the ventricles. Each ventricle has a branch from the bundle of His, called the right or left bundle branch. Atrioventricular block appears when the transmission of the electrical impulse to the ventricles fails and may appear due to a localized problem in the atrioventricular node, the bundle of His, or in the branches of the bundle of His. His bundle branch block is a problem in which one of the branches (right or left) of the heart does not work properly. This causes a delay in the passage of the signal. As a result, the main pumping chambers of the heart, the ventricles, are activated less than expected and even below what the body needs to maintain vital functions, and synchrony between the atria and ventricles is also lost, which further deteriorates plus the functionality of the heart. This causes the heart to weaken and blood flow to be less efficient. The only treatment capable of solving this problem is the implantation of a pacemaker with the implantation of a cable that stimulates the cardiac ventricles.
El marcapasos cardíaco es el pilar del tratamiento para los trastornos de la bradicardia del corazón y el ápex del ventrículo derecho (VD) ha sido el sitio de elección tradicional para la estimulación ventricular permanente. Se debe principalmente a aspectos técnicos como la estabilidad del cable en este punto anatómico. Sin embargo, la estimulación crónica desde el ápex del ventrículo derecho ha mostrado efectos deletéreos sobre la hemodinámica, se asocia a la disfunción del ventrículo izquierdo y a la aparición de miocardiopatía. Se observa insuficiencia cardíaca de nueva aparición en el 9% de los pacientes que reciben estimulación del ventrículo derecho al año de seguimiento y hasta en el 39% después de una mediana de seguimiento de 10 años. Cardiac pacing is the mainstay of treatment for bradycardia disorders of the heart and the right ventricular (RV) apex has been the traditional site of choice for permanent ventricular pacing. It is mainly due to technical aspects such as the stability of the cable at this anatomical point. However, chronic pacing from the apex of the right ventricle has shown deleterious effects on hemodynamics, is associated with left ventricular dysfunction and the appearance of cardiomyopathy. New-onset heart failure is seen in 9% of patients receiving right ventricular pacing at 1-year follow-up and up to 39% after a median follow-up of 10 years.
La relación entre la estimulación crónica del ventrículo derecho y la insuficiencia cardíaca ha sido apoyada recientemente por un registro europeo realizado en Dinamarca. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue comparar el riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca entre pacientes con y sin marcapasos con un cable de estimulación del ventrículo derecho y sin insuficiencia cardíaca previa y una cohorte de control emparejada por edad y sexo sin insuficiencia cardíaca previa. El estudio involucró a 27.704 pacientes con marcapasos implantado entre 2000 y 2014 y mostró como los pacientes con implante de marcapasos sufrían una mayor incidencia de insuficiencia cardíaca y una mayor mortalidad. The relationship between chronic right ventricular pacing and heart failure has recently been supported by a European registry conducted in Denmark. The primary objective of this study was to compare the risk of heart failure between pacemaker and non-paced patients with a right ventricular pacing lead and no prior heart failure and an age- and sex-matched control cohort with no prior heart failure. The study involved 27,704 patients with pacemakers implanted between 2000 and 2014 and showed how patients with pacemaker implants suffered a higher incidence of heart failure and higher mortality.
La relación entre la estimulación cardíaca crónica y el desarrollo de insuficiencia cardíaca ha impulsado el examen de alternativas para la estimulación ventricular. Además, ha abierto la discusión en la comunidad médica sobre si aquellos pacientes que sufren un bloqueo ventricular y un alto porcentaje anticipado de estimulación ventricular deben recibir estimulación biventricular (terapia de resincronización cardíaca) o estimulación fisiológica en lugar de un marcapasos convencional del ventrículo derecho. The relationship between chronic cardiac pacing and the development of heart failure has prompted the examination of alternatives for ventricular pacing. In addition, it has opened discussion in the medical community about whether patients with ventricular block and an anticipated high percentage of ventricular pacing should receive biventricular pacing (cardiac resynchronization therapy) or physiologic pacing instead of conventional right ventricular pacing.
La estimulación fisiológica o la estimulación del sistema de conducción se obtiene implantando el cable de estimulación en la región del haz de His o en el área del haz izquierdo. Physiologic pacing or pacing of the conduction system is obtained by implanting the pacing lead in the region of the bundle of His or in the area of the left bundle.
Esta estimulación proporciona la forma más fisiológica de estimulación, ya que preserva la activación fisiológica del ventrículo izquierdo a través del sistema eléctrico intrínseco del corazón y evita los efectos nocivos de la estimulación crónica del VD no fisiológica. Los principales beneficios reportados de la estimulación hisiana o de la rama izquierda del haz de His son una reducción muy significativa del ancho del QRS estimulado, un aumento de la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo, una reducción de las hospitalizaciones por insuficiencia cardíaca e incluso una menor mortalidad como sugiere un meta análisis que sugiere incluso una menor mortalidad. This pacing provides the most physiologic form of pacing, as it preserves physiologic activation of the left ventricle through the intrinsic electrical system of the heart and avoids the deleterious effects of chronic nonphysiologic RV pacing. The main reported benefits of His-is or left bundle-branch pacing are a very significant reduction in the paced QRS width, an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction, a reduction in hospitalizations for heart failure, and even a lower mortality as suggested by a meta-analysis that suggests even lower mortality.
Recientemente, estos beneficios observados se han traducido en las guías de práctica clínica. La Guía estadounidense de 2018 sobre la evaluación y el tratamiento de pacientes con bradicardia y retraso de la conducción cardíaca recomienda la estimulación del haz de His o la estimulación biventricular en pacientes con bloqueo auriculo-ventricular como una indicación para la estimulación permanente con una fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo entre el 36% y el 50% y la expectativa de requerir estimulación ventricular más del 40% del tiempo. Las Guías europeas de 2019 para el tratamiento de pacientes con taquicardia supraventricular recomiendan la estimulación del haz de His o la estimulación biventricular después de la ablación del nodulo auriculo-ventricular (estrategia de ablación y estimulación). Recently, these observed benefits have been translated into clinical practice guidelines. The 2018 US Guidelines on the Evaluation and Treatment of Patients with Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay recommend His-bundle pacing or biventricular pacing in patients with atrioventricular block as an indication for permanent pacing with a fraction of left ventricular ejection between 36% and 50% and the expectation of requiring ventricular pacing more than 40% of the time. The 2019 European Guidelines for the treatment of patients with supraventricular tachycardia recommend His-bundle pacing or biventricular pacing after atrioventricular node ablation (ablation and pacing strategy).
Finalmente, resultados recientes sugieren que la estimulación del haz de His o del haz izquierdo también puede normalizar la conducción en pacientes con bloqueo de rama (BHE) y, por tanto, tiene un papel como alternativa a la estimulación biventricular como terapia de resincronización cardíaca en el tratamiento de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca. Finally, recent results suggest that His-bundle or left-bundle pacing may also normalize conduction in patients with bundle branch block (BBB) and therefore has a role as an alternative to biventricular pacing as cardiac resynchronization therapy in treatment of patients with heart failure.
No obstante, la estimulación fisiológica tiene importantes inconvenientes que han reducido la universalización de esta modalidad de estimulación cardíaca. La estimulación fisiológica se asocia a una menor tasa de éxito, mayor probabilidad de dislocación del cable, inducción de daño en el haz de His y umbrales de estimulación altos e inestables. En consecuencia, los fabricantes de marcapasos están desarrollando nuevas herramientas para hacer frente a las limitaciones de la estimulación fisiológica, como nuevos cables de estimulación, nuevas vainas para guiar el implante del cable de estimulación o incluso nuevos algoritmos para la automatización de marcapasos. Además de las herramientas que han sido introducidas en el mercado por la mayoría de fabricantes de marcapasos, la disponibilidad de una adecuada detección intracavitaria y electrocardiografía de 12 derivaciones (fundamental para analizar morfologías de estimulación para confirmar el reclutamiento de HB o BRI) son factores esenciales para la estimulación fisiológica. Los programadores y analizadores de marcapasos, utilizados en implantes de marcapasos comunes, tienen una capacidad de detección intracavitaria limitada y no tienen ECG de 12 derivaciones, lo que imposibilita su utilidad para la estimulación fisiológica y hace necesario el uso de un polígrafo electrofisiológico. Sin embargo, la disponibilidad de polígrafos electrofisiológicos se limita a grandes unidades de arritmia y debe ser manejada por expertos y es un dispositivo costoso con muchas más funcionalidades que las necesarias para la estimulación fisiológica. La solicitud de patente americana US20200069938 proporciona métodos para la estimulación del haz de His y de la rama izquierda del haz de His. En determinadas realizaciones, el método comprende administrar selectivamente un pulso de estimulación eléctrica a uno o más electrodos individuales de un conjunto de electrodos aproximadamente lineal, en el que el conjunto de electrodos aproximadamente lineal se fija para intersectar el haz de His. En algunas de tales realizaciones, la matriz aproximadamente lineal de electrodos se fija al tejido cardíaco mediante un diente, una hélice extensible o una combinación de los mismos. En algunas de estas realizaciones, la matriz aproximadamente lineal de electrodos comprende al menos cuatro, preferiblemente ocho, electrodos. En algunas de tales realizaciones, la matriz de aproximadamente lineal de electrodos se fija aproximadamente ortogonal. En algunas de tales realizaciones, la matriz de aproximadamente lineal de electrodos está dispuesta sobre una sección distal de un marcapasos de plomo. En algunas de tales realizaciones, el conjunto de electrodos aproximadamente lineal está dispuesto en un marcapasos sin cables. En otro aspecto, la presente divulgación proporciona un ritmo de plomo que comprende una sección distal que tiene un mecanismo de fijación distal, una sección distal que tiene una pluralidad de electrodos a lo largo de la cara de la de plomo, y una sección proximal que tiene un extremo adaptado con múltiples electrodos. However, physiological pacing has significant drawbacks that have reduced the universalization of this modality of cardiac pacing. Physiologic pacing is associated with a lower success rate, higher probability of lead dislocation, induction of His bundle damage, and high and unstable pacing thresholds. Consequently, pacemaker manufacturers are developing new tools to address the limitations of physiologic pacing, such as new pacing leads, new sheaths to guide pacing lead implantation, or even new algorithms for pacemaker automation. In addition to the tools that have been introduced to the market by most pacemaker manufacturers, the availability of adequate intracavitary detection and 12-lead electrocardiography (essential to analyze pacing morphologies to confirm HB or LBBB recruitment) are essential factors. for physiological stimulation. Pacemaker programmers and analyzers, used in common pacemaker implants, have limited intracavitary sensing capabilities and do not have a 12-lead ECG, making them unusable for physiologic pacing and necessitating the use of an electrophysiologic polygraph. However, the availability of electrophysiological polygraphs is limited to large arrhythmia units and must be handled by experts and is an expensive device with many more functionalities than those necessary for physiological pacing. The American patent application US20200069938 provides methods for the stimulation of the bundle of His and the left branch of the bundle of His. In certain embodiments, the method comprises selectively delivering an electrical stimulation pulse to one or more individual electrodes of a roughly linear electrode array, wherein the approximately linear electrode array is set to intersect the bundle of His. In some such embodiments, the approximately linear array of electrodes is affixed to cardiac tissue by a prong, a stretchable coil, or a combination thereof. In some of these embodiments, the approximately linear array of electrodes comprises at least four, preferably eight, electrodes. In some such embodiments, the approximately linear array of electrodes is set approximately orthogonal. In some such embodiments, the approximately linear array of electrodes is disposed on a distal section of a pacemaker lead. In some such embodiments, the approximately linear electrode array is provided in a leadless pacemaker. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a lead rhythm comprising a distal section having a distal fixation mechanism, a distal section having a plurality of electrodes along the face of the lead, and a proximal section it has a tip fitted with multiple electrodes.
La solicitud de patente americana US20200261731 revela un sistema de dispositivo médico, que incorpora un aparato informático configurado para recibir señales eléctricas de la superficie del cuerpo desde un aparato de electrodos que incluye múltiples electrodos externos. El dispositivo médico comprende: un aparato de electrodos que comprende una pluralidad de electrodos externos configurados para monitorear una pluralidad de señales eléctricas de la superficie corporal de un paciente; y un aparato para calcular acoplado al aparato de electrodo y que comprende circuitos de procesamiento configurado para generar datos de asincronía eléctrica cardíaca de las señales eléctricas de superficie corporal recibidas de la pluralidad de electrodos externos durante la entrega de sus haces de estimulación pulsos, además permite identificar la captura efectiva del haz de His por el haz de His-impulsos de estimulación basados en los datos de disincronía eléctrica, en los que la captura efectiva del haz de His comprende la captura tanto de una rama izquierda como de una rama derecha de un haz de His ; y generar una indicación de la captura del haz de His en respuesta a la identificación de la captura efectiva del haz de His. The American patent application US20200261731 discloses a medical device system, which incorporates a computer apparatus configured to receive electrical signals from the body surface from an electrode apparatus that includes multiple external electrodes. The medical device comprises: an electrode apparatus comprising a plurality of external electrodes configured to monitor a plurality of electrical signals from a patient's body surface; and a calculating apparatus coupled to the electrode apparatus and comprising processing circuitry configured to generate cardiac electrical asynchrony data from the body surface electrical signals received from the plurality of external electrodes during the delivery of their pulsed stimulation beams, further allowing identify effective His-bundle capture by His-bundle pacing based on electrical dyssynchrony data, where effective His-bundle capture comprises capture of both a left and a right bundle branch of a bundle of His ; and generating an indication of His bundle capture in response to the identification of effective His bundle capture.
La presente invención aporta una solución satisfactoria al problema de implantación del sistema de estimulación determinando la mejor posición de los cables utilizados por los marcapasos durante la estimulación en la región de haz de His o del haz izquierdo, ya que incorpora 2 canales intracavitarios de buena resolución y electrocardiograma de 12 derivaciones. Las señales se analizan y procesan para facilitar el procedimiento a los usuarios. Está compuesto por a) un dispositivo para la adquisición de datos y procesamiento electrónico, b) una tableta para mostrar tanto las señales como el soporte inteligente, c) un back-end basado en la nube para el almacenamiento de datos, y d) un sistema de procesamiento de datos para aprender y retroal i mentar la implementation y para el seguimiento de los pacientes. La invención es una solución asequible, reúne todas las especificaciones necesarias en una sola tecnología y facilita los procedimientos de implantación para todas las unidades de implantes en todo el mundo. The present invention provides a satisfactory solution to the implantation problem of the stimulation system by determining the best position of the cables used by the pacemaker during pacing in the region of the bundle of His or the left bundle, since it incorporates 2 good-resolution intracavitary channels and a 12-lead electrocardiogram. The signals are analyzed and processed to facilitate the procedure for users. It is composed of a) a device for data acquisition and electronic processing, b) a tablet to display both signals and smart support, c) a cloud-based back-end for data storage, and d) a system data processing for learning and feedback on implementation and for patient follow-up. The invention is an affordable solution, it brings together all the necessary specifications in a single technology and facilitates implantation procedures for all implant units around the world.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con el objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de la realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde, con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of its practical implementation, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. where, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented:
Figura 1.- muestra una vista del dispositivo (40) que incorpora un módulo de adquisición y un módulo de procesamiento electrónico y la tableta (50) que permite mostrar tanto las señales como la interface del usuario. Figure 1.- Shows a view of the device (40) that incorporates an acquisition module and an electronic processing module and the tablet (50) that allows both the signals and the user interface to be displayed.
Figura 2.- muestra una vista esquemática de la distribución de energía en el dispositivo (40) conectado a 5 VCC de la fuente de alimentación externa que se distribuyen en los voltajes principales utilizados para alimentar el módulo analógico (10), módulo de procesamiento (20) y módulo de transmisión (30). Se puede observar que estos módulos reciben las señales del electrocardiograma (ECG) y electrograma (EGM). DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN Figure 2.- shows a schematic view of the power distribution in the device (40) connected to 5 VDC from the external power supply that is distributed in the main voltages used to power the analog module (10), processing module ( 20) and transmission module (30). It can be seen that these modules receive the signals of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrogram (EGM). DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención permite a los usuarios determinar la mejor posición de los cables utilizados por los marcapasos durante la estimulación del haz de His o del haz izquierdo. Se basa en el uso de un software y un circuito de adquisición de señales de electrocardiógrafo (ECG) e intracardíaco mediante una señal de un electrograma (EGM) más sensible y software para predecir automáticamente la proximidad del cable al sistema de conducción. The present invention allows users to determine the best position of leads used by pacemakers during His bundle or left bundle pacing. It is based on the use of electrocardiograph (ECG) and intracardiac signal acquisition circuitry and software using a more sensitive electrogram (EGM) signal and software to automatically predict lead proximity to the conduction system.
El cable del marcapasos es una terminación no aislada del cable que está en contacto directo con el corazón. Normalmente está conectado a un generador de pulsos para estimular el corazón de diferentes formas. El electrodo puede colocarse en la cámara superior (aurícula) o en la cámara inferior (ventrículo). Cuando se inserta el electrodo, el generador de impulsos debe programarse con algunos parámetros: voltaje, frecuencia, etc. que depende del estado del paciente y de dónde está conectado. The pacemaker lead is a non-insulated end of the lead that is in direct contact with the heart. It is usually connected to a pulse generator to stimulate the heart in different ways. The electrode can be placed in the upper chamber (atrium) or in the lower chamber (ventricle). When the lead is inserted, the pulse generator must be programmed with a few parameters: voltage, frequency, etc. It depends on the patient's condition and where it is connected.
El sistema de la invención permite implantar el cable en el mismo sistema de conducción, en la zona denominada haz de His y rama izquierda del haz. La principal ventaja de este sistema es que es un procedimiento más fisiológico con las correspondientes ventajas para los pacientes. The system of the invention makes it possible to implant the lead in the same conduction system, in the area called the bundle of His and the left bundle branch. The main advantage of this system is that it is a more physiological procedure with corresponding advantages for patients.
El dispositivo optimiza la relación señal / ruido (SNR) de la señal del electrograma (EGM) para garantizar la detección de las señales de HIS y de la rama izquierda del haz. La interfaz remota y fácil de usar permite al usuario observar el electrocardiograma (ECG) superficial de múltiples derivaciones y la señal del electrograma (EGM) en la misma pantalla, cambiar la ganancia y la resolución del filtro y guardar los datos en la base de datos. El sistema también permite ejecutar un cálculo automático de la duración de la contracción ventricular (QRS), la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y el tiempo de activación del ventrículo izquierdo (LVAT) utilizando señales del electrograma (EGM) y electrocardiograma (ECG) en tiempo real. REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN The device optimizes the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the electrogram (EGM) signal to ensure detection of HIS and left bundle branch signals. Easy-to-use remote interface allows user to view multi-lead surface electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrogram (EGM) signal on the same screen, change filter gain and resolution, and save data to database . The system also enables automatic calculation of the duration of ventricular contraction (QRS), heart rate (HR), and left ventricular activation time (LVAT) using electrogram (EGM) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals at time real. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
La solución propuesta en la presente invención no es solo un dispositivo para recopilar la información, sino que está compuesta por 2 componentes físicos principales: un dispositivo (40) con la adquisición y procesamiento electrónico y una tableta (50) (basada en ¡Pad o Android) para mostrar tanto las señales como el soporte inteligente de la ubicación predictiva. The solution proposed in the present invention is not only a device to collect information, but is composed of 2 main physical components: a device (40) with electronic acquisition and processing and a tablet (50) (based on iPad or Android) to display both signs and intelligent support for predictive location.
El Sistema para determinar la disposición óptima de los cables utilizados por los marcapasos durante la estimulación en la región del haz de His o en el área del haz izquierdo comprende un dispositivo (40) que incorpora un módulo de adquisición y un módulo de procesamiento electrónico; una tableta (50) para mostrar tanto las señales como el soporte inteligente; un back-end basado en la nube para el almacenamiento de datos; y un sistema de procesamiento de datos para aprender y retroal i mentar la implementación y para el seguimiento de los pacientes. The System for determining the optimal arrangement of the leads used by pacemakers during stimulation in the region of the bundle of His or in the area of the left bundle comprises a device (40) that incorporates an acquisition module and an electronic processing module; a tablet (50) to display both the signals and the smart support; a cloud-based back-end for data storage; and a data processing system for learning and feedback on implementation and for patient follow-up.
Además, el dispositivo con la adquisición y procesamiento electrónico comprende un módulo analógico (10) donde las señales de ECG y EGM se amplifican, filtran y ajustan de nivel; un módulo de procesamiento (20) que ejecuta la conversión analógica a digital de las señales y realiza el filtrado digital de las mismas; y un módulo de transmisión Bluetooth (30) que recibe los datos del módulo de procesamiento y los envía al dispositivo inalámbrico conectado con la interfaz de usuario. Furthermore, the device with the electronic acquisition and processing comprises an analog module (10) where the ECG and EGM signals are amplified, filtered and level adjusted; a processing module (20) that executes the analog to digital conversion of the signals and performs the digital filtering thereof; and a Bluetooth transmission module (30) that receives the data from the processing module and sends it to the wireless device connected to the user interface.
El dispositivo se encuentra conectado a 5 V CC de la fuente de alimentación externa que se convierten en los voltajes principales utilizados en los dispositivos en la placa de la fuente de alimentación, el dispositivo incorpora un interruptor principal (1) para el encendido y apagado, una tarjeta de alimentación (2) que permite la distribución de corriente para alimentar el módulo analógico (10), módulo de procesamiento (20) y módulo de transmisión (30). Las cantidades de energía se distribuyen de la siguiente manera: The device is connected to 5 V DC from the external power supply which are converted to the main voltages used in the devices on the power supply board, the device incorporates a main switch (1) for power on and off, a power board (2) that allows the distribution of current to feed the analog module (10), processing module (20) and transmission module (30). The amounts of energy are distributed as follows:
• ± 15 VCC para alimentar el módulo analógico (10) • ± 15 VDC to power the analog module (10)
• 5 VCC para alimentar el módulo de procesamiento (20) y el módulo de transmisión Bluetooth (30) • 5 VDC to power the processing module (20) and the Bluetooth transmission module (30)
El módulo analógico (10) está integrado por un submódulo de adquisición de señales de electrocardiograma (ECG) superficiales y un submódulo de adquisición de señales de electrogramas (EGM). Además, el submódulo ECG incluye un amplificador para reducir las interferencias, llamado conductor de la pierna derecha (RLD). The analog module (10) is made up of a surface electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquisition submodule and a pulse signal acquisition submodule. electrograms (EGM). In addition, the ECG submodule includes an amplifier to reduce interference, called the Right Leg Lead (RLD).
El submódulo de adquisición de ECG superficial utiliza dos dispositivos integrados especializados en la adquisición de señales de ECG e interconectados con la configuración maestro/esclavo. The superficial ECG acquisition sub-module uses two integrated devices specialized in ECG signal acquisition and interfaced with master/slave configuration.
Las señales de electrocardiógrafo, electrocardiograma (ECG) y electrograma (EGM) se adquieren y procesan en el submódulo de adquisición. Este submódulo está conectado por Bluetooth con la tableta donde se ejecuta la interfaz de usuario. El usuario puede ver el ECG superficial de múltiples derivaciones y las señales de EGM en la misma pantalla, cambiar la frecuencia de corte del filtro digital pasa bajos, cambiar la amplitud de las ondas y ejecutar el cálculo automático del ancho de la contracción ventricular (anchura del QRS), la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y el tiempo de activación del ventrículo izquierdo (LVAT) utilizando señales del electrograma (EGM) y electrocardiograma (ECG) en tiempo real. Electrocardiograph, electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrogram (EGM) signals are acquired and processed in the acquisition sub-module. This submodule is connected via Bluetooth to the tablet where the user interface is running. The user can view the multilead surface ECG and EGM signals on the same screen, change the cutoff frequency of the digital low-pass filter, change the amplitude of the waveforms, and perform automatic calculation of the ventricular contraction width (VTW). of QRS), heart rate (HR) and left ventricular activation time (LVAT) using electrogram (EGM) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in real time.
En el módulo analógico (10), las señales de ECG y EGM se amplifican, filtran y ajustan de nivel utilizando amplificadores de alta relación señal / ruido y componentes de alta precisión. In the analog module (10), the ECG and EGM signals are amplified, filtered and level adjusted using high signal to noise ratio amplifiers and high precision components.
El módulo de procesamiento (20) ejecuta la conversión analógica a digital de las señales y realiza el filtrado digital de las mismas. En este módulo (20) las señales son filtradas y amplificadas digitalmente para ser enviadas al módulo de transmisión Bluetooth (30). Un microcontrolador es el componente principal de este módulo (20) para ejecutar sus funciones. Además, los parámetros utilizados por el hardware del dispositivo se guardan en una memoria EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) interna del microprocesador o bien (ROM programable y borrable eléctricamente). Es un tipo de memoria interna del microprocesador que puede ser programada, borrada y reprogramada eléctricamente. The processing module (20) executes the analog to digital conversion of the signals and carries out the digital filtering thereof. In this module (20) the signals are digitally filtered and amplified to be sent to the Bluetooth transmission module (30). A microcontroller is the main component of this module (20) to execute its functions. In addition, the parameters used by the device hardware are stored in an internal microprocessor EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) or (electrically erasable programmable ROM). It is a type of internal memory of the microprocessor that can be electrically programmed, erased and reprogrammed.
El módulo de transmisión Bluetooth (30) recibe los datos del módulo de procesamiento (20) y los envía al dispositivo inalámbrico conectado con la interfaz de usuario. Además, recibe los diferentes parámetros configurados por el usuario en la interfaz de usuario para cambiar la configuración del hardware. The Bluetooth transmission module (30) receives the data from the processing module (20) and sends it to the wireless device connected to the user interface. In addition, it receives the different parameters set by the user in the user interface to change the hardware configuration.
El dispositivo de interfaz de usuario es un dispositivo portátil donde se ejecuta el software para mostrar las señales de ECG y EGM y que permite al usuario establecer todos los parámetros necesarios para detectar la señal intracardíaca. The user interface device is a portable device on which the software for displaying ECG and EGM signals and allowing the user to set all the parameters necessary to detect the intracardiac signal.
El dispositivo portátil utilizado debe tener las siguientes características técnicas: The portable device used must have the following technical characteristics:
• basado en iPad o Android, • based on iPad or Android,
• Inalámbrico: interfaz Wi-Fi y Bluetooth • Wireless: Wi-Fi and Bluetooth interface
Como se ha descrito, el submódulo de adquisición de señal EGM amplifica, filtra y ajusta el nivel la señal intracardíaca detectada en un catéter bipolar. As described, the EGM signal acquisition submodule amplifies, filters, and levels the intracardiac signal detected on a bipolar catheter.
La señal de EGM bipolar se obtiene restando la actividad eléctrica cardíaca detectada por un par de electrodos cercanos. Aunque por lo general, los catéteres multielectrodo tienen distancias cortas entre electrodos (alrededor de 2 mm), por lo tanto, son menos sensibles a las fuentes eléctricas de campo lejano y tienen una alta relación señal / ruido, el diseño de la adquisición de EGM bipolar debe considerar todos los detalles para que obtenga la mejor calidad de señal posible. The bipolar EGM signal is obtained by subtracting cardiac electrical activity detected by a pair of nearby electrodes. Although multi-electrode catheters generally have short electrode gaps (around 2 mm), therefore are less sensitive to far-field electrical sources and have a high signal-to-noise ratio, the design of EGM acquisition bipolar must consider all the details so that you get the best possible signal quality.
En el diseño de los filtros utilizados en el submódulo de adquisición de EGM se ha considerado que las señales de EGM se concentran en el ancho de banda entre 30 Hz - 500 Hz y la red eléctrica europea utiliza 50 Hz. Los filtros utilizados en esta etapa son un filtro de paso alto pasivo con frecuencia de corte igual a 1 Hz para eliminar la componente de DC de la señal y un filtro de paso bajo centrado a 1 KHz para garantizar la posterior conversión analógica digital de la misma (ADC). In the design of the filters used in the EGM acquisition submodule it has been considered that the EGM signals are concentrated in the bandwidth between 30 Hz - 500 Hz and the European electrical network uses 50 Hz. The filters used in this stage They are a passive high-pass filter with cut-off frequency equal to 1 Hz to eliminate the DC component of the signal and a low-pass filter centered at 1 KHz to guarantee the subsequent analog-to-digital conversion of the signal (ADC).
En la etapa de ajuste de nivel, la señal filtrada se amplifica y el nivel se ajusta antes de entregarse a la conversión analógica a digital (ADC) del módulo de procesamiento. Esto es necesario porque las diferentes etapas del submódulo de adquisición de señal EGM usan un voltaje de fuente de alimentación de ± 15VDC mientras que el ADC del módulo de procesamiento usa 5VDC como fuente de alimentación. In the level adjustment stage, the filtered signal is amplified and level adjusted before it is delivered to the analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) processing module. This is necessary because the different stages of the EGM signal acquisition submodule use a power supply voltage of ±15VDC while the ADC of the processing module uses 5VDC as power supply.
Como se ha indicado anteriormente, el módulo de procesamiento (20) está integrado por un microprocesador de doble núcleo. El microprocesador también ejecuta un filtrado digital de las señales adquiridas para mejorar la relación señal / ruido de las mismas antes de enviarlas al módulo Bluetooth. Como se ha descrito, el módulo de trasmisión Bluetooth (30) permite la comunicación inalámbrica entre el dispositivo de interfaz de usuario y el dispositivo de adquisición. Recibe los datos adquiridos del módulo de procesamiento (20) y los transmite a la aplicación que se ejecuta en el dispositivo de interfaz de usuario. Igualmente, recibe la configuración establecida por el usuario en el dispositivo de interfaz de usuario y la entrega al módulo de procesamiento. As previously indicated, the processing module (20) is made up of a dual-core microprocessor. The microprocessor also performs digital filtering of the acquired signals to improve their signal to noise ratio before sending them to the Bluetooth module. As described, the Bluetooth transmission module (30) allows wireless communication between the user interface device and the acquisition device. It receives the acquired data from the processing module (20) and transmits it to the application running on the user interface device. Likewise, it receives the configuration set by the user in the user interface device and delivers it to the processing module.
La transmisión/recepción por bluetooth se realiza desde el propio procesador de doble núcleo utilizado en el módulo de procesamiento, que incorpora estas funciones de transmisión inalámbricas. Bluetooth transmission/reception is done from the dual-core processor itself used in the processing module, which incorporates these wireless transmission functions.
El dispositivo incorpora una capacidad de procesamiento de datos potente para el filtrado y caracterización de las señales. Esto es así ya que los datos transferidos a la interfaz de usuario se procesarán por completo en el módulo de procesamiento (20) para simplificar el registro del dispositivo médico. The device incorporates a powerful data processing capability for signal filtering and characterization. This is so since the data transferred to the user interface will be fully processed in the processing module (20) to simplify the registration of the medical device.
El sistema calculará automáticamente las siguientes medidas y se mostrará en la pantalla en tiempo real: The system will automatically calculate the following measurements and display on the screen in real time:
- Ancho del complejo de contracción ventricular (anchura del QRS) - Width of the ventricular contraction complex (QRS width)
- Ritmo cardiaco - Heart rate
- Tiempo de activación del ventrículo izquierdo - Activation time of the left ventricle
Para el cálculo automático de estas medidas, el sistema utilizará las señales de ECG y EGM detectadas a través del dispositivo. Los valores obtenidos definirán la idoneidad del sitio de estimulación evaluado para estimulación fisiológica. For the automatic calculation of these measurements, the system will use the ECG and EGM signals detected through the device. The values obtained will define the suitability of the evaluated stimulation site for physiological stimulation.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES - Sistema para implementar la disposición óptima de los cables utilizados por los marcapasos durante la estimulación en la región del haz de His o en el área de la rama izquierda que se caracteriza porque comprende un dispositivo (40) que incorpora un módulo de adquisición y un módulo de procesamiento electrónico; una tableta (50) para mostrar tanto las señales como el soporte inteligente; un back-end basado en la nube para el almacenamiento de datos; y un sistema de procesamiento de datos para aprender y retroalimentar la implementación y para el seguimiento de los pacientes. - Sistema para implementar la disposición óptima de los cables utilizados por los marcapasos durante la estimulación en la región del haz de His o en el área de la rama izquierda según la reivindicación 1 que se caracteriza porque el dispositivo (40) para la adquisición y procesamiento electrónico comprende un interruptor principal (1); una tarjeta de alimentación (2) que permite la distribución de corriente; un módulo analógico (10) donde las señales de electrocardiograma (ECG) y electrograma (EGM) se amplifican, filtran y ajustan de nivel; un módulo de procesamiento (20) que ejecuta la conversión analógica a digital de las señales y realiza el filtrado digital de las mismas; y un módulo de transmisión Bluetooth (30) que recibe los datos del módulo de procesamiento (20) y los envía al dispositivo inalámbrico conectado con la interfaz de usuario. - Sistema para implementar la disposición óptima de los cables utilizados por los marcapasos durante la estimulación en la región del haz de His o en el área de la rama izquierda según la reivindicación 2 que se caracteriza porque el módulo analógico (10) está integrado por un submódulo de adquisición de señales de electrocardiograma (ECG) superficiales y un submódulo de adquisición de señales de electrogramas (EGM) intracardiacos. - Sistema para implementar la disposición óptima de los cables utilizados por los marcapasos durante la estimulación en la región del haz de His o en el área de la rama izquierda según la reivindicación 3 que se caracteriza porque el submódulo ECG incluye un conductor de la pierna derecha (RLD) como amplificador para reducir las interferencias. - Sistema para implementar la disposición óptima de los cables utilizados por los marcapasos durante la estimulación en la región del haz de His o en el área de la rama izquierda según la reivindicación 3 que se caracteriza porque el submódulo de adquisición de la señal del electrocardiograma (ECG) superficial utiliza dos dispositivos integrados especializados en la adquisición de señales de ECG e interconectados con la configuración maestro/esclavo. - Sistema para implementar la disposición óptima de los cables utilizados por los marcapasos durante la estimulación en la región del haz de His o en el área de la rama izquierda según la reivindicación 3 que se caracteriza porque el submódulo de adquisición de señal intracardíaca del electrograma (EGM) amplifica, filtra y ajusta el nivel de la señal intracardíaca detectada en un catéter bipolar. - Sistema para implementar la disposición óptima de los cables utilizados por los marcapasos durante la estimulación en la región del haz de His o en el área de la rama izquierda según la reivindicación anterior que se caracteriza porque el filtrado de las señales se realiza mediante un filtro paso bajo butterworth de segundo orden con frecuencia de corte igual a 1 KHz y un filtro paso alto pasivo de primer orden con frecuencia de corte igual a 1 Hz. - Sistema para implementar la disposición óptima de los cables utilizados por los marcapasos durante la estimulación en la región del haz de His o en el área de la rama izquierda según la reivindicación 2 que se caracteriza porque el módulo de procesamiento (20) está integrado principalmente por un microprocesador de doble núcleo y donde dicho microprocesador ejecuta un filtrado digital de las señales adquiridas optimizando la relación señal / ruido de las mismas antes de enviarlas al módulo de transmisión Bluetooth (30). - Sistema para implementar la disposición óptima de los cables utilizados por los marcapasos durante la estimulación en la región del haz de His o en el área de la rama izquierda según la reivindicación 2 que se caracteriza porque el módulo de trasmisión Bluetooth (30) permite la comunicación inalámbrica entre el dispositivo de interfaz de usuario o tableta (50) y el dispositivo de adquisición (40) recibiendo los datos adquiridos del módulo de procesamiento (10) y los transmite a la aplicación que se ejecuta en el dispositivo de interfaz de usuario o tableta (50). 10- Sistema para implementar la disposición óptima de los cables utilizados por los marcapasos durante la estimulación en la región del haz de His o en el área de la rama izquierda según la reivindicación 1 que se caracteriza porque el dispositivo de interfaz de usuario o tableta (50) es un dispositivo que ejecuta el software para mostrar las señales de ECG y EGM y que permite al usuario establecer todos los parámetros necesarios para detectar la señal intracardíaca. CLAIMS - System to implement the optimal arrangement of the leads used by pacemakers during stimulation in the region of the bundle of His or in the area of the left branch that is characterized in that it comprises a device (40) that incorporates an acquisition module and an electronic processing module; a tablet (50) to display both the signals and the smart support; a cloud-based back-end for data storage; and a data processing system for learning and feedback on implementation and for patient follow-up. - System to implement the optimal arrangement of the cables used by pacemakers during stimulation in the region of the bundle of His or in the area of the left branch according to claim 1, characterized in that the device (40) for the acquisition and processing electronic comprises a main switch (1); a power board (2) that allows the distribution of current; an analog module (10) where the electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrogram (EGM) signals are amplified, filtered and level adjusted; a processing module (20) that executes the analog to digital conversion of the signals and performs the digital filtering thereof; and a Bluetooth transmission module (30) that receives the data from the processing module (20) and sends it to the wireless device connected to the user interface. - System to implement the optimal arrangement of the cables used by pacemakers during stimulation in the region of the bundle of His or in the area of the left bundle branch according to claim 2, characterized in that the analog module (10) is made up of a superficial electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquisition submodule and an intracardiac electrogram (EGM) signal acquisition submodule. - System to implement the optimal arrangement of the cables used by pacemakers during stimulation in the region of the bundle of His or in the area of the left branch according to claim 3, characterized in that the ECG submodule includes a conductor for the right leg (RLD) as an amplifier to reduce interference. - System to implement the optimal arrangement of the cables used by pacemakers during stimulation in the region of the bundle of His or in the area of the left branch according to claim 3, characterized in that the electrocardiogram signal acquisition submodule ( ECG) superficial uses two integrated devices specialized in the acquisition of ECG signals and interconnected with the master/slave configuration. - System to implement the optimal arrangement of the cables used by pacemakers during stimulation in the region of the bundle of His or in the area of the left bundle branch according to claim 3, characterized in that the intracardiac signal acquisition submodule of the electrogram ( EGM) amplifies, filters and adjusts the level of the intracardiac signal detected in a bipolar catheter. - System to implement the optimal arrangement of the cables used by pacemakers during stimulation in the region of the bundle of His or in the area of the left branch according to the previous claim, characterized in that the signal filtering is carried out by means of a filter second-order butterworth low-pass with cut-off frequency equal to 1 KHz and a first-order passive high-pass filter with cut-off frequency equal to 1 Hz. - System to implement the optimal layout of the leads used by pacemakers during stimulation in the region of the bundle of His or in the area of the left bundle branch according to claim 2, characterized in that the processing module (20) is mainly made up of a dual-core microprocessor and where said microprocessor performs digital filtering of the acquired signals optimizing the signal/noise ratio thereof before sending them to the Bluetooth transmission module (30). - System to implement the optimal arrangement of the cables used by pacemakers during stimulation in the region of the bundle of His or in the area of the left branch according to claim 2, characterized in that the Bluetooth transmission module (30) allows the wireless communication between the user interface device or tablet (50) and the acquisition device (40) receiving the acquired data from the processing module (10) and transmits it to the application running on the user interface device or tablet (50). 10- System to implement the optimal arrangement of the cables used by pacemakers during stimulation in the region of the bundle of His or in the area of the left branch according to claim 1, characterized in that the user interface device or tablet ( 50) is a device that runs the software to display the ECG and EGM signals and allows the user to set all the necessary parameters to detect the intracardiac signal.
11- Sistema para implementar la disposición óptima de los cables utilizados por los marcapasos durante la estimulación en la región del haz de his o en el área de la rama izquierda según la reivindicación 1 que se caracteriza porque el sistema determina automáticamente en tiempo real el ancho del complejo ventricular (QRS), la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y el tiempo de activación del ventrículo izquierdo (LVAT) utilizando señales del electrograma (EGM) y electrocardiograma (ECG). 11- System to implement the optimal arrangement of the cables used by pacemakers during stimulation in the region of the bundle of his or in the area of the left branch according to claim 1, characterized in that the system automatically determines the width in real time. ventricular complex (QRS), heart rate (HR) and left ventricular activation time (LVAT) using electrogram (EGM) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals.
12- Sistema para implementar la disposición óptima de los cables utilizados por los marcapasos durante la estimulación en la región del haz de his o en el área de la rama izquierda según la reivindicación 2 que se caracteriza porque en el dispositivo (40) las cantidades de energía se distribuyen de la siguiente manera: ±15 VCC para alimentar el módulo analógico (10), y 5 VCC para alimentar el módulo de procesamiento (20) y el módulo de transmisión Bluetooth (30). 12- System to implement the optimal arrangement of the cables used by pacemakers during stimulation in the region of the bundle of his or in the area of the left branch according to claim 2, characterized in that in the device (40) the amounts of Power is distributed as follows: ±15 VDC to power the analog module (10), and 5 VDC to power the processing module (20) and the Bluetooth transmission module (30).
PCT/ES2021/070777 2021-10-27 2021-10-27 System for implementing the optimal arrangement of leads used by pacemakers during stimulation in the area of the his bundle or in the area of the left bundle WO2023073252A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080319501A1 (en) * 2004-12-20 2008-12-25 Qingsheng Zhu Systems, Devices and Methods for Monitoring Efficiency of Pacing
WO2009078751A1 (en) * 2007-12-18 2009-06-25 St Jude Medical Ab Medical device for stimulation of his bundle
WO2012040487A1 (en) * 2010-09-23 2012-03-29 C.R. Bard, Inc. Apparatus and method for catheter navigation using indovascular energy mapping
EP3381509A1 (en) * 2017-03-30 2018-10-03 NewStim, Inc. A system for treating brugada syndrome

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080319501A1 (en) * 2004-12-20 2008-12-25 Qingsheng Zhu Systems, Devices and Methods for Monitoring Efficiency of Pacing
WO2009078751A1 (en) * 2007-12-18 2009-06-25 St Jude Medical Ab Medical device for stimulation of his bundle
WO2012040487A1 (en) * 2010-09-23 2012-03-29 C.R. Bard, Inc. Apparatus and method for catheter navigation using indovascular energy mapping
EP3381509A1 (en) * 2017-03-30 2018-10-03 NewStim, Inc. A system for treating brugada syndrome

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