WO2023072571A1 - Pair of heat-exchanger plates with grooves and recesses - Google Patents

Pair of heat-exchanger plates with grooves and recesses Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023072571A1
WO2023072571A1 PCT/EP2022/078118 EP2022078118W WO2023072571A1 WO 2023072571 A1 WO2023072571 A1 WO 2023072571A1 EP 2022078118 W EP2022078118 W EP 2022078118W WO 2023072571 A1 WO2023072571 A1 WO 2023072571A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plates
plate
pair
grooves
groove
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/078118
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Henricus NEEFS
Original Assignee
Axens
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Axens filed Critical Axens
Priority to KR1020247013137A priority Critical patent/KR20240095204A/en
Priority to CN202280071990.0A priority patent/CN118176401A/en
Publication of WO2023072571A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023072571A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
    • F28F3/046—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element the deformations being linear, e.g. corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0037—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the conduits for the other heat-exchange medium also being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of plate heat exchangers, used in particular for the exchange of heat between two gases, but also between two liquids or between a liquid and a gas.
  • Heat exchangers of particular interest for the invention are gas-gas exchangers which operate with large or small flow volumes at relatively low pressures, for example 0.01 to 1.5 MPa. They can be used for example in the form of air preheaters for furnaces or can be part of NOx reduction installations (“DeNOx” devices).
  • Heat exchangers have the function of carrying out a heat exchange between a fluid at high temperature and a fluid at low temperature without mixing them. Plate heat exchangers have good thermal performance thanks to their large exchange surface, while being compact.
  • Plate heat exchangers recover heat by arranging a plurality of plates stacked parallel to each other at predetermined intervals. Said plates are spaced such that the space between two adjacent plates forms a channel through which a fluid can flow. A high temperature fluid and a low temperature fluid are alternately supplied to successive channels so as to effect heat transfer between the high temperature fluid and the low temperature fluid through each plate.
  • the efficiency of plate heat exchangers is mainly determined by the heat exchange between the fluids passing through them.
  • the geometry of the heat exchanger plate affects the heat exchangers.
  • the plates may, in particular, be substantially planar, or else comprise portions in relief.
  • Patent application FR3086742 (W02020/069880) as well as in patent application FR 3108714 (WO2021/190879) describe a plate heat exchanger, within which pairs of plates are formed.
  • each plate has a central panel.
  • the central panels of the two plates being parallel and spaced from each other so as to form a channel for a fluid.
  • the pair of plates includes at least one junction panel between the central panels of the plates so as to assemble them and to space them.
  • the junction panels are angled with respect to the central panels.
  • the heat exchanges are carried out in particular through flat plates, possibly without relief. Although satisfactory, the thermal efficiency of this plate heat exchanger can be improved.
  • the plates of the heat exchangers can be equipped with devices for disturbing the flow of the fluids.
  • Patent application FR3003637 describes a plate heat exchanger comprising at least one pair of spaced apart substantially parallel similar plates. Said plates may have spaced grooves extending in a direction oriented at 45° to the sides of each plate.
  • the second plate is of invariant shape by rotation of 90 degrees relative to an axis normal to the main panel. In this way, the grooves of the first plate are perpendicular to the grooves of the second plate. Thus, the grooves form a relief allowing the mixing of fluids to increase heat exchange.
  • the heat exchange performance can be improved, and this heat exchanger only allows co-current heat exchange, but does not allow counter-current or cross-current heat exchange.
  • the object of the invention is to construct a plate heat exchanger having optimized thermal performance and with a limited pressure drop.
  • the invention relates to a pair of heat exchanger plates.
  • Each plate has a central panel with at least one projecting groove in a channel defined by a volume internal between the plates.
  • each groove of the first plate is parallel to each groove of the second plate.
  • the grooves on the two plates form a relief allowing the mixing of fluids ensuring an increase in heat exchange with a limited pressure drop.
  • this design can be used for co-current, counter-current, or cross-current heat exchanges.
  • the invention further relates to a stack of pairs of plates, a heat exchanger comprising such a pair of plates.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a stack of pairs of plates or such a heat exchanger.
  • a pair of heat exchanger plates includes a first plate and a second heat exchanger plate, arranged opposite each other and spaced apart to define an internal volume capable of forming a channel for a flow of a first fluid, each plate comprising a central panel, said central panels of said first and second plates preferably being substantially quadrilateral with optionally truncated, cut or rounded edges, and said central panels of said first and second plates being flat and parallel to each other.
  • Said central panel of each plate comprises at least one groove, preferably a substantially rectilinear groove, projecting into said internal volume, and each groove of said first plate is parallel to each groove of said second plate.
  • each groove is inclined at a non-zero and non-right angle a with respect to a side of said central panel, the angle a is greater than or equal to 10°, preferably is between 10 and 80° terminals inclusive, and preferably between 30 and 70° terminals inclusive, and preferably between 40 and 50° terminals inclusive.
  • each groove of said second plate is offset with respect to each groove of said first plate in a direction perpendicular to said grooves of said first and second plates.
  • each central panel of each plate comprises a plurality of parallel grooves between them, and preferably regularly spaced.
  • the regular spacing between said grooves of said first plate is identical to the regular spacing between said grooves of said second plate.
  • the offset in the direction perpendicular to said grooves has a distance between one third and two thirds of said regular spacing, and is preferably half of said regular spacing.
  • the regular spacing between two successive grooves is between 10 and 80 mm inclusive, preferably between 20 and 60 mm inclusive.
  • each groove has a cross section whose shape is chosen from an arc of a circle, a semicircle, a U, a V, an ellipse, an airplane wing, a spearhead, preferably the shape is chosen from an arc of a circle and an airplane wing.
  • the width of each groove is between 4 and 30 mm inclusive terminals, preferably between 6 and 25 mm inclusive terminals.
  • the protrusion height of each groove is between 1.5 and 6 mm inclusive, preferably between 2 and 5 mm inclusive.
  • all the grooves of the first and second plates have the same cross-section, the same width and the same projection height.
  • said first plate and said second plate are connected by means of one or two junction panel(s) arranged on one or two side(s) of a central panel.
  • the invention relates to a stack of pairs of heat exchanger plates comprising at least two pairs of plates according to one of the preceding characteristics, said pairs of plates being stacked in such a way that said pairs of successive plates are spaced .
  • first pair of plates and second pair of plates designated respectively first pair of plates and second pair of plates: a. Said first pair of plates and said second pair of plates are arranged parallel to each other and facing each other, the space between the plates of each pair of plates forming a channel for the flow a first fluid, b. The space between said first pair of plates and said second pair of plates forms a channel for the flow of a second fluid, said second pair of plates being preferably identical to said first pair of plates, or being a mirror image of said first pair of plates.
  • said channel for the flow of the second fluid is perpendicular to said channel for the flow of the first fluid.
  • the invention also relates to a plate heat exchanger comprising pairs of plates according to one of the preceding characteristics or a stack of pairs of plates according to one of the preceding characteristics, said pairs of plates or said stack of pairs of plates being arranged in a frame.
  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a stack of pairs of plates according to one of the preceding characteristics, or a heat exchanger according to one of the preceding characteristics.
  • the following steps are carried out: a. At least four plates are prepared, each comprising a central panel; b. For a first half of said plates, said at least one groove is formed in the central panel of each plate, in particular by stamping; vs. For a second half of said plates, said at least one groove is formed in the central panel of each plate, in particular by stamping; d.
  • At least two pairs of plates are assembled, for each pair of plates, a first plate of said first half of said plates is arranged parallel to a second plate of said second half of said plates, such that the grooves are parallel and project into the internal volume between said plates, and possibly with an offset of each groove of the first plate relative to each groove of the second plate in a direction perpendicular to said grooves; summer. Said at least two pairs of plates are stacked in parallel and spaced from each other.
  • Figure 1 illustrates two central panels of a pair of plates according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a sectional view of two central panels of a pair of plates according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a cross section (profile) of a groove according to a first variant embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a cross section (profile) of a groove according to a second alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a pair of plates according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a pair of plates according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 7 illustrates a pair of plates according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 8 illustrates a pair of plates according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 9 illustrates a portion of a stack of plate pairs.
  • Figure 10 illustrates three designs of a pair of plates used for the comparative example.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates curves of a thermal parameter as a function of the Reynolds number, respectively for two examples of pairs of plates according to the prior art, and for a pair of plates according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the term "side” or “edge” of the central panel is used in reference to the periphery of the central panel, over a certain width, for example up to 5 or 10% of the width of the plaque.
  • mirror image means a symmetry with respect to a plane located in the middle of the space separating the object from its image.
  • the "internal face" of a plate designates the face turned in the direction of the other plate with which it is assembled as a pair of plates, and the “internal face” external” of this plate is the side facing in the opposite direction to the other plate of the pair of plates in question.
  • the invention relates to a pair of plates of a plate heat exchanger.
  • a heat exchanger is used to exchange heat between two fluids, or between a fluid and a heat source or a cold source.
  • a heat exchanger comprises at least one wall, in particular a metal wall (here a plate for a plate heat exchanger) which allows heat transfer between the two fluids or between the fluid and the heat source or the heat source. cold.
  • the wall metal (the plate metal for a plate heat exchanger) can be any type including steel, aluminum, copper, etc. as well as their alloys.
  • the wall may be covered with a coating.
  • the wall can be made of plastic, or any similar material.
  • the invention can be used for example for plate heat exchangers operating according to the cross-flow principle ("cross-flow exchanger" according to the English terminology) in which the fluids flowing on the two faces of each plate are directed substantially perpendicular to each other.
  • the invention can also be used for plate heat exchangers operating according to a counter-current principle, in which the fluids flowing on the two faces of each plate are directed substantially in opposite directions ("counter-current exchanger » according to the Anglo-Saxon terminology).
  • the invention can also be used for plate heat exchangers operating according to a principle of co-current flow in which the fluids flowing on the two faces of each plate are directed substantially in the same direction.
  • the invention can also be used for plate type heat exchangers operating according to other flow principles.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for heat exchange between two fluids, in particular two gases, but can also be used to exchange heat between two liquids, or between a liquid and a gas.
  • the invention is more particularly suitable for the exchange between two gases, in particular gas flows at the inlet and at the outlet of a single piece of equipment, such as for example the air to be conveyed to a furnace and the fumes from the same oven or, similarly, the hot current from a NOx reduction system and the cold stream going to the same NOx reduction system.
  • the pair of heat exchanger plates comprises a first substantially flat heat exchanger plate and a second substantially flat heat exchanger plate.
  • the first and second plates are assembled and arranged facing each other and spaced apart so as to define an internal volume capable of forming a single channel for the flow of a first fluid.
  • Each plate includes a central panel, which serves as a heat exchange surface between the two fluids within the heat exchanger.
  • the central panels are substantially planar.
  • the central panel comprises a first face (or lower face) and a second face (or upper face) opposite the first face.
  • the terms “lower” and “upper” therefore refer, by convention, to a panel arranged along a horizontal plane.
  • the central panel of the first plate is parallel to the central panel of the second plate.
  • the central panel of the heat exchanger plate according to the invention can have any suitable shape, for example trapezoidal, hexagonal or quadrilateral.
  • the central panel is most preferably quadrilateral, especially rectangular or square, optionally with truncated, cut or rounded corners.
  • the central panel of each plate has at least one projecting groove in the internal volume.
  • at least one groove protrudes from the inner face of the central panel of each plate.
  • the grooves on the two plates form a relief allowing the mixing of fluids in the internal volume to increase heat exchange.
  • the grooves make it possible to increase the level of turbulence of at least one fluid flowing in the heat exchanger and to break the boundary layer of the flow at the level of the plate, which promotes heat exchange .
  • the central panel being flat, the central panel is formed of at least one flat portion and at least one groove.
  • the central panel of each plate has only projecting grooves in the internal volume; no protrusion into the external volume is provided.
  • the at least one groove can be inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to an edge of the central panel.
  • this angle a can be non-zero and non-right.
  • the groove is not parallel to any edge of the central panel.
  • the groove is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow.
  • the angle a of inclination of the grooves with respect to one side of the central panel may be greater than or equal to 10°, preferably may be between 10 and 80° limits included, very preferably between 30 and 70° terminals inclusive, and even more preferably between 40 and 50° terminals inclusive.
  • the at least one groove can be rectilinear (in the plane of the central panel). This shape favors its manufacture and limits pressure drops.
  • each groove of the first plate is parallel to each groove of the second plate.
  • the parallelism of the grooves of the first and second plates allows a simplification of the assembly: the two plates are almost similar, and do not require a modification of the orientation of one plate relative to the other.
  • each groove of the second plate can be offset with respect to each groove of the first plate in a direction perpendicular to the grooves of the first and second plates.
  • each groove of the second plate is not opposite a groove of the first plate in the internal volume defined by the pair of plates.
  • each groove of the second plate is inserted between two grooves of the first plate in a direction perpendicular to the grooves. The offset of the grooves promotes the optimization of the disturbance of the fluid flow in the channel, which makes it possible to increase the thermal performance of the pair of plates.
  • the grooves can be manufactured by deformation, for example by rolling, by stamping, for example stamping on rubber (from English “rubber forming”), or any similar process.
  • the height of the channels (the spacing between two consecutive plates) can be determined according to the service conditions of the heat exchanger. Typically it may be 5 to 30mm inclusive, including 5mm, 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 30mm or any suitable height. In one aspect, the height of the channels may be different between the cold side of the heat exchanger and the hot side of the heat exchanger.
  • the width of the heat exchanger plate according to the invention can typically be between 750 mm and 2000 mm inclusive, preferably between 1000 mm and 1700 mm inclusive.
  • the length of the heat exchanger plate according to the invention can typically be between 1,000 mm and 7,500 mm inclusive terminals, preferably between 1,500 mm and 7,000 mm inclusive terminals.
  • the thickness of the plate may be between 0.6 mm and 6 mm inclusive terminals, preferably between 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm inclusive terminals.
  • each central panel of each plate may comprise a plurality of grooves parallel to each other (that is to say at least two grooves parallel to each other).
  • the grooves of each central panel can be evenly spaced. In other words, between two consecutive grooves is inserted a flat portion of the central panel. The number of grooves makes it possible to increase the mixing of the fluids allowing to increase the thermal exchanges.
  • the regular spacing (called in English “pitch”) between the grooves of the first plate can be identical to the regular spacing between the grooves of the second plate.
  • the manufacture of the plates can be implemented with the same machine and similar tools, which promotes their design.
  • the offset in the perpendicular direction of the grooves can have a distance comprised between one third and two thirds of the regular spacing. (“pitch”).
  • the grooves of the second plate can be interposed between the grooves of the first plate.
  • the offset in the perpendicular direction may have a distance substantially equal to half the regular spacing (“pitch").
  • the grooves of the second plate can be inserted in the middle between the grooves of the first plate.
  • the regular spacing can be between 10 and 80 mm terminals included, preferably between 20 and 60 mm terminals included.
  • the regular spacing is the dimension between two vertices of successive grooves measured in a direction perpendicular to the first edge of said groove.
  • each groove may have a cross section in a direction transverse to the groove (the cross section is also called profile of the groove) the shape of which is chosen from: an arc of a circle, a semicircle, a U, V, ellipse, airplane wing, spearhead (shape of the iron point attached to the end of an arrow, spear or pike), or any similar shape.
  • the grooves Preferably, the grooves have an arcuate or airplane wing profile. These shapes promote the mixing of the fluid making it possible to increase the heat exchanges and have no projecting angle.
  • the width of each groove can be between 4 and 30 mm, terminals included, preferably between 6 and 25 mm, terminals included.
  • the width of a groove is measured from a first edge to the opposite second edge in a direction perpendicular to the first edge of said groove.
  • the protrusion height of each groove may be between 1.5 and 6 mm inclusive, preferably between 2 and 5 mm inclusive.
  • the projecting height of a groove is the dimension of a groove in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the central panel. It is measured without including the thickness of the heat exchanger plate, i.e. from the underside of the plate to the top of the groove.
  • the width to height ratio of the grooves can be between 3 and 5, more preferably between 3 and 4. These ranges of values allow the realization of the grooves and allow a turbulent flow promoting heat exchanges.
  • all the grooves of the first plate and/or of the second plate can have a constant profile, width and height over the entire length of the groove.
  • the projections are identical over the entire central panel.
  • all the grooves of the first and second plates have the same cross-section (profile), the same width and the same projection height.
  • the projections are identical, which simplifies the manufacture of the pair of plates.
  • spacers can be inserted into at least one/each channel to ensure spacing between plates. They can be loose or can be spot-welded, or even be held in place using U-shaped clamps at the supply and discharge.
  • the first plate and the second plate can be mechanically connected by means of at least one junction panel arranged on at least one side of a central panel. The at least one junction panel is connected, in particular welded, to the central panel of at least one plate of the pair of plates.
  • junction panels are preferably obtained by bending operations of the plates, but can be obtained differently, and even be attached to the central panels by various conventional fastening means.
  • Each of the junction panels can preferably be formed in a single step, by forming/bending. The deformation can be obtained by press forming and/or by bending. A series of flat sheet metal forming steps may be required to form a series of side joining panels on a single plate (one or two pairs of panels).
  • a heat exchanger plate may include a center panel and a junction panel.
  • the heat exchanger plate according to the invention can preferably be formed in one piece, usually by deformation in one step of a flat metal sheet made of a weldable material, for example a metal plate, in particular steel , for example stainless steel.
  • each of the junction panels can be mechanically fixed to the central panel of the adjacent plate by any conventional technique, typically by welding.
  • each junction panel can be in two parts, inclined relative to each other to facilitate fixing on a plate.
  • the second part of each of the junction panels can be large enough to allow mechanical attachment of the second part to the central panel of the adjacent plate by conventional means, known to those skilled in the art.
  • first junction panel a junction panel which makes it possible to connect two plates of the same pair of plates
  • second junction panel a junction panel which makes it possible to connect two plates of two pairs of plates (when forming a stack of pairs of plates or a heat exchanger).
  • each plate can include:
  • a first junction panel and a second junction panel or Two first junction panels and two second junction panels.
  • the at least one junction panel may conform to one of the embodiments described in patent application FR3086742 (W02020/069880) or in patent application FR 3108714 (WO2021/190879).
  • At least one of, in particular all of the junction panels comprises a first part extending from the central panel and a second part extending from the said first part, the said first part forming an angle 5 with the central panel and the said second part being parallel to said central panel.
  • the junction panels in particular the two parts of these junction panels, can be obtained by bending(s) of the plate.
  • the inclination of the junction panel, in particular of the first part when it comprises two parts, does not necessarily mean a perfect angle at the level of the folding: the intersection between the plane of the central panel and that of the junction panel can form an angle rounded / a curved transition zone. It is the same between the first part and the second part of the junction panel when it has two: the second part can extend the first with a curved transition zone between one and the other.
  • the angle ⁇ between the first part of the junction panel and the central panel is at least 45°, preferably at least 60°, in particular between 80 and 110° limits included, preferably in the vicinity of 90 °.
  • the width of the first part of the junction panel and its angle of inclination 5 with respect to the central panel define the spacing between the two plates: for example, for the same angle, plus the first part of the junction panel will be wider, and the greater the space between the two plates will be.
  • the junction panel thus comes, by its dimensioning and its positioning relative to the central panel, to alone determine the height of the volume in which one of the fluids will flow, once the exchanger consists of one or more of these pairs, at a given plate size.
  • each pair of plates can comprise a pair of junction panels.
  • each plate can include a junction panel.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to produce, for two plates of a pair of plates, identical junction panels, which facilitates the manufacture of junction panels.
  • the design of the junction panels of the pair of plates can be obtained by turning one plate relative to the other.
  • one of the two plates can comprise the two joining panels, preferably located on opposite sides of the central panel.
  • each pair of plates can comprise two pairs of junction panels.
  • Each pair of junction panels may be provided on a different side of the central panels.
  • each plate can comprise two joining panels on two adjacent sides of the central panel.
  • One of the two junction panels being a "first junction panel”
  • the other of the two junction panels being a "second junction panel”.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to produce, for two plates of a pair of plates, similar junction panels, which facilitates the manufacture of the junction panels of the pair of plates.
  • the design of the junction panels of the pair of plates can be obtained by turning one plate over the other.
  • Figure 1 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, two central panels of a pair of plates according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a three-dimensional view illustrating the central panels of the plates.
  • the pair of plates includes a first flat plate A and a second flat plate B, the two plates being parallel and spaced apart.
  • the internal volume between the two plates is denoted V.
  • This volume V is provided for the flow of a fluid, illustrated by the arrow F.
  • the first plate A comprises a plurality of rectilinear grooves 101, parallel and projecting into the volume internal V.
  • the grooves 101 form an angle a with one side of the central panel of the plate A.
  • the grooves 101 are regularly spaced, by a spacing (“pitch”) denoted p.
  • the second plate B comprises a plurality of rectilinear grooves 102, parallel and projecting into the internal volume.
  • the grooves 102 of the second plate B are parallel to the grooves 101 of the first plate A. Consequently, they form an angle a with respect to one side of the plate B.
  • the grooves 102 are regularly spaced, preferably with the same regular spacing than the regular spacing of the grooves 101 .
  • the grooves 102 of the second plate B are preferably offset from the grooves 101 of the first plate in a direction DD, included in the plane of the central panel of A and perpendicular to the grooves 101 and 102.
  • the angle a is 45°
  • the direction DD is a diagonal of the plate A (respectively of the plate B).
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view (schematic and non-limiting) of a portion of two central panels of a pair of plates Figure 1 along the direction DD of Figure 1 which is perpendicular to the grooves 101 and 102.
  • This figure represents a portion of the plate A, a portion of the plate B, and the internal volume V between the two plates A and B.
  • the grooves 101 and 102 are arranged according to a regular spacing noted p.
  • This figure shows the offset s between the grooves 101 of the plate A and the grooves 102 of the plate B.
  • the grooves have a profile of an arc of a circle, of width w, and of height e.
  • Figure 3 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting way, an arcuate profile of a groove according to a variant embodiment of the invention.
  • the arc of a circle can be defined by the height e of the groove, by the radius r of the arc of a circle, as well as by the angle q> of opening of the arc of a circle.
  • Figure 4 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, an airplane wing profile with a groove according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • the airplane wing profile can be defined in particular by the height e of the groove, as well as by the width w of the groove.
  • Figure 5 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, a pair of plates according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the pair of plates comprises a first plate A, and a second plate B.
  • Plate A comprises a central panel A o
  • plate B comprises a central panel B o (not shown).
  • the central panels A o and B o are flat, parallel and spaced apart to form an internal volume V.
  • the central panel A o comprises a plurality of rectilinear, parallel and projecting grooves 101 in the internal volume V.
  • the central panel B o comprises a plurality of grooves (not shown) rectilinear, parallel and projecting into the internal volume V.
  • the grooves of the second plate B can be, in accordance with the preferred embodiment, offset from the grooves 101 of the first plate A.
  • the pair of plates (A, B) further comprises two first junction panels C and D.
  • the junction panels C and D are formed of two portions of the plate A bent relative to the central panel A o .
  • the folds of the junction panels C and D are directed towards the plate B.
  • the junction panels C and D allow the assembly of the pair of plates A and B.
  • the junction panels C and D are arranged on two opposite sides of the central panel A o .
  • the junction panels C and D can belong to the plate A.
  • the internal volume V is also limited by the junction panels C and D, so as to limit a channel in which a first fluid F1 can flow. 'flow out.
  • Figure 6 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, a pair of plates according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the left part of the figure shows the two plates separately, and the right part of the figure shows the pair of plates.
  • the pair of plates comprises a first plate A, and a second plate B.
  • Plate A comprises a central panel A o
  • plate B comprises a central panel B o .
  • the central panels A o and B o are flat, parallel and spaced apart to form an internal volume V.
  • the central panel A o comprises a plurality of rectilinear, parallel and projecting grooves 101 in the internal volume V.
  • the central panel B o comprises a plurality of rectilinear grooves 102, parallel and projecting into the internal volume V.
  • the central panel A o is delimited by four sides A 2 to A 5 .
  • Side A 5 is connected to a first junction panel J A .
  • the first junction panel J A comprises a first part A 5 and a second part A 6 .
  • the first part A 5 is bent at an angle 5 with respect to the central panel A o .
  • the second part A 6 is folded with respect to the first part A 5 , and is parallel to the plane A o .
  • the second part A 6 is intended to be fixed to the plate B.
  • the plate B in particular the junction panels, can be symmetrical with the plate A (with the exception of the grooves when they are offset according to the embodiment preferred), it can be deduced by reversal: it comprises a first junction panel J B in two parts B 5 and B 6 , and part B 6 is intended to be fixed to the plate A.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, a pair of plates according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • the plate A further comprises on the side A 4 a second junction panel K A .
  • the second junction panel K A is perpendicular to the central panel A o .
  • the side A 4 of the central panel A o is perpendicular to the side A 5 of the central panel A o on which the first junction panel J A is provided.
  • the second junction panel K A extends opposite the internal volume between the plates, and therefore opposite the side of the projecting grooves.
  • Plate B in particular the junction panels, can be symmetrical with plate A (except for the grooves when they are offset according to the preferred embodiment): it comprises a second junction panel K B s' extending opposite the protrusions of the grooves.
  • Figure 8 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, a pair of plates according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • the plates A and B comprise elements identical to those of the embodiment of FIG. 7. These elements identical to the embodiment of FIG. 7 are not described again.
  • the second junction panel K A of plate A is in two parts A 7 , A 8 bent relative to each other. Part A 8 being parallel to the central panel A o , to allow attachment to plate B.
  • part A 7 comprises a plate A 9 which is in the extension of part A 7 on the same side as the projecting grooves.
  • Plate A 9 cooperating with the edges of the parts A 5 and A 6 of the first junction panel J A , so as to close the space which is created by the parts A 5 and A 6 of the first junction panel J A .
  • Plate B in particular the junction panels, can be symmetrical with plate A (except for the grooves when they are offset according to the preferred embodiment): it comprises a second junction panel K B s' extending opposite the projections of the grooves, with a part B 9 identical to the part A 9 .
  • the invention also relates to a stack of pairs of heat exchanger plates.
  • a stack comprises at least two pairs of plates according to any one of the variants or combinations of variants described above. Note respectively first pair of plates and second pair of plates, two successive pairs of plates in the stack so as to differentiate them.
  • the two pairs of plates may be identical, or may be a mirror image (i.e. symmetric) of each other.
  • the first pair of plates and the second pair of plates are arranged parallel to each other and facing each other.
  • the internal volume between the two plates forms a single channel to receive the flow of a first fluid. This is the internal volume including the protruding grooves.
  • the volume between the two pairs of consecutive plates in the stack forms a single channel to receive the flow of a second fluid. This is the volume not including the protruding grooves, but the recessed grooves.
  • the second junction panels can be used to connect two pairs of consecutive plates, and to maintain a distance between the two pairs of consecutive plates.
  • the second junction panels delimit the channel for the flow of the second fluid.
  • the direction of fluid flow is determined by the design of the plates and how they are connected via the junction panels.
  • the channel for the second fluid may be substantially perpendicular to the channel for the first fluid.
  • This implementation can in particular be carried out by means of second junction panels perpendicular to the first junction panels.
  • the channel for the second fluid can be substantially parallel to the channel for the first fluid.
  • the height between two pairs of plates can be identical to the height between two plates.
  • the height between two pairs of plates can be different from the height between two plates.
  • Figure 9 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, a stack of pairs of plates according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 9 is a three-dimensional view showing only a portion of the central panels of a stack of two pairs of plates.
  • the stack comprises a first pair of plates comprising the plates Aa and Ba, and a second pair of plates comprising the plates Ab and Bb.
  • the plates Aa and Ab comprise inclined grooves 101 (not parallel to an edge of the central panel of the plates ).
  • the plates Ba and Bb include inclined grooves 102 (not parallel to an edge of the central panel of the plates).
  • the grooves project into the internal volume Va between the plates Aa and Ba.
  • the grooves project into the internal volume Vb between the plates Ab and Bb.
  • the volume between the two pairs of plates, in this case between the plates Ab and Ba is denoted Z, this volume has no protrusion.
  • a first fluid F1 flows within the volumes Va and Vb .
  • a second fluid F2 flows within volume Z.
  • the flows of the fluids F1 and F2 are cross current: the flows are perpendicular. Heat exchanges between the fluids F1 and F2 are carried out through the plates Ba and Ab.
  • the plate heat exchanger comprises pairs of plates according to any one of the variants or combinations of variants described above, or a stack of pairs of plates according to any one of the variants or combinations of variants described above.
  • the plate heat exchanger comprises a frame for mounting the pairs of plates or the stacking of the pairs of plates.
  • the heat exchanger includes:
  • the inlet and the outlet for the first fluid being connected to the channels for the flow of the first fluid.
  • the inlet and the outlet for the second fluid being connected to the channels for the flow of the second fluid.
  • a plate heat exchanger according to the invention can be used for fluids operating at a pressure ranging from total vacuum pressure up to 1.5 MPa, preferably from 0.01 to 1.0 MPa, more preferably from 0.01 to 0.6 MPa.
  • a plate heat exchanger according to the invention can consist either of channels of uniform height, or of channels of different heights on each circuit. Accordingly, the height of the first joint panel and the heights of the second and third joint panels, if any, may be similar or different.
  • the plate heat exchanger can operate according to the cross-flow principle ("cross-flow exchanger" according to the English terminology) in which the fluids flowing on the two faces of each plate are directed substantially perpendicularly l to each other.
  • the invention can also be used for plate heat exchangers operating according to a counter-current principle, in which the fluids flowing on the two faces of each plate are directed substantially in opposite directions ("counter-current”). current exchanger” according to the Anglo-Saxon terminology).
  • the invention can also be used for plate heat exchangers operating according to a co-current flow principle in which the fluids flowing on the two faces of each plate are directed in substantially the same direction.
  • the invention can also be used for plate type heat exchangers operating according to other flow principles.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention is particularly suitable for the exchange between two fluids, in particular two gases, but can also be used to exchange heat between two liquids or between a liquid and a gas.
  • the invention is more particularly suitable for the exchange between two gases, in particular gas flows at the inlet and at the outlet of a single piece of equipment, such as for example the air to be conveyed to a furnace and the fumes from the same furnace or similar, the hot stream coming from a NOx reduction system and the cold stream going to the same NOx reduction system.
  • the first fluid can be air
  • the second fluid can be the fumes.
  • the heat exchanger can have an application in all fields of industry or energy production or in any analogous system.
  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a stack of pairs of plates according to any one of the variants or combinations of variants described above, or a heat exchanger according to any one of the variants or combinations of variants described above.
  • At least four plates are prepared, each plate comprising a central panel;
  • each plate comprising a central panel;
  • at least one groove is formed in the central panel of each plate, in particular by stamping, the groove possibly being inclined with respect to one side of the central panel;
  • At least one groove is formed in the central panel of each plate, in particular by stamping, the groove possibly being inclined with respect to one side of the central panel;
  • At least two pairs of plates are assembled, and, for each pair of plates, a first plate of said first half of said plates is arranged parallel to a second plate of said second half of said plates, so that the grooves are parallel l to each other and projecting into the internal volume between the plates, and optionally with an offset of each groove of the first plate relative to each groove of the second plate in a direction perpendicular to the grooves;
  • the manufacturing method may comprise an additional step, in which, after the step of preparing the plates, the heat exchanger plates into two stacks (first half of plates and second half of plates), so as to prepare two different kinds of plates (first plate and second plate respectively).
  • the plates of the first half of the plates are, except in special cases, different from the plates of the second half of the plates.
  • the grooves made are, except in special cases, different between these plates.
  • the grooves can be formed in the plates in such a way that the grooves of the plates of the second stack are offset by a regular pitch from the grooves of the plates of the first stack.
  • the method may also comprise at least one of the following steps:
  • At least one of the sides of the plates is folded to create at least one junction panel on each plate (embodiments of Figures 5 to 8),
  • Each pair of plates is assembled by fixing the junction panels on the other plate of the pair of plates (embodiments of Figures 5 to 8),
  • - AA2 a plate heat exchanger according to a second prior art, for which the plates comprise grooves inclined at 45° relative to the edge, and for which the grooves of the second plate are orthogonal to the grooves of the first plate (on the simplified figure in top view the grooves of the first plate are shown in continuous lines, and the grooves of the second plate are shown in dotted lines), this embodiment corresponds to that described in the patent application FR3003637, and
  • INV a plate heat exchanger according to the invention, for which the plates comprise grooves inclined at 45° with respect to the edge, and for which the grooves of the second plate are parallel and offset with respect to the grooves of the first plate , the offset has a distance which corresponds to half of the regular spacing of the grooves (in the simplified figure in plan view the grooves of the first plate are represented by a solid line, and the grooves of the second plate are represented by lines dotted lines).
  • the heat transfer is evaluated (Nusselt noted Nu which is an adimensional number used to characterize the type of heat transfer between a fluid and a wall) and the friction factor (from the English "friction factor” noted is a dimensionless number expressing the head loss) as a function of the Reynolds number (which is a dimensionless number that characterizes the type of flow, in particular the nature of its diet).
  • the ratio is determined which represents the thermal performance of f 3 the heat exchange with respect to the pressure drops. A high value of such a ratio makes it possible to qualify the heat transfer with respect to the pressure drops; if two heat exchangers have the same pressure drop, but a different ratio, the one with the higher ratio will have better heat transfer, and may require a smaller heat exchange surface.
  • Figure 1 1 represents the curves for the three configurations of the ratio — as a function of f 3 Reynolds number. It is noted that the invention INV makes it possible to have a higher ratio f 3 whatever the Reynolds number. It follows that the invention allows a reinforcement of the higher heat transfer for an identical pressure drop compared to the plate heat exchangers of the prior art. Consequently, the invention is more efficient in terms of heat transfer than the solutions of the prior art.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a pair of heat-exchanger plates. Each plate (A, B) has a central panel provided with at least one groove (101, 102) projecting into a channel defined by an internal volume (V) between the plates. Within the pair of plates (A, B), each groove (101) of the first plate (A) is parallel to each groove (102) of the second plate (B).

Description

PAIRE DE PLAQUES D’ECHANGEUR DE CHALEUR AVEC RAINURES ET CREUX PAIR OF HEAT EXCHANGER PLATES WITH GROOVES AND DROPS
Domaine technique Technical area
La présente invention concerne le domaine des échangeurs de chaleur à plaques, utilisés notamment pour l'échange de chaleur entre deux gaz, mais également entre deux liquides ou entre un liquide et un gaz. The present invention relates to the field of plate heat exchangers, used in particular for the exchange of heat between two gases, but also between two liquids or between a liquid and a gas.
Les échangeurs de chaleur particulièrement intéressants pour l'invention sont les échangeurs gaz-gaz qui fonctionnent avec de grands ou de petits volumes d'écoulement à des pressions relativement basses, par exemple de 0,01 à 1 ,5 MPa. Ils peuvent être utilisés par exemple sous forme de préchauffeurs d'air pour des fours ou peuvent faire partie d'installations de réduction des NOx (dispositifs « DeNOx »). Heat exchangers of particular interest for the invention are gas-gas exchangers which operate with large or small flow volumes at relatively low pressures, for example 0.01 to 1.5 MPa. They can be used for example in the form of air preheaters for furnaces or can be part of NOx reduction installations (“DeNOx” devices).
Les échangeurs de chaleur ont pour fonction de mettre en oeuvre un échange thermique entre un fluide à haute température et un fluide à basse température sans les mélanger. Les échangeurs de chaleur à plaques ont de bonnes performances thermiques grâce à leur grande surface d'échange, tout en étant compacts. Heat exchangers have the function of carrying out a heat exchange between a fluid at high temperature and a fluid at low temperature without mixing them. Plate heat exchangers have good thermal performance thanks to their large exchange surface, while being compact.
Les échangeurs de chaleur à plaques récupèrent la chaleur en disposant une pluralité de plaques empilées parallèlement les unes aux autres à intervalles prédéterminés. Lesdites plaques sont espacées de telle sorte que l'espace entre deux plaques adjacentes forme un canal à travers lequel peut s'écouler un fluide. Un fluide à haute température et un fluide à basse température sont fournis en alternance aux canaux successifs de manière à effectuer un transfert thermique entre le fluide à haute température et le fluide à basse température par le biais de chaque plaque. Plate heat exchangers recover heat by arranging a plurality of plates stacked parallel to each other at predetermined intervals. Said plates are spaced such that the space between two adjacent plates forms a channel through which a fluid can flow. A high temperature fluid and a low temperature fluid are alternately supplied to successive channels so as to effect heat transfer between the high temperature fluid and the low temperature fluid through each plate.
Technique antérieure Prior technique
L’efficacité des échangeurs de chaleur à plaques est principalement déterminée par les échanges thermiques entre les fluides les parcourant. La géométrie de la plaque d’échangeur influe sur les échangeurs thermiques. Les plaques peuvent, notamment, être sensiblement planes, ou bien comprendre des parties en relief. The efficiency of plate heat exchangers is mainly determined by the heat exchange between the fluids passing through them. The geometry of the heat exchanger plate affects the heat exchangers. The plates may, in particular, be substantially planar, or else comprise portions in relief.
La demande de brevet FR3086742 (W02020/069880) ainsi que dans la demande de brevet FR 3108714 (WO2021/190879) décrivent un échangeur de chaleur à plaques, au sein duquel, on forme des paires de plaques. Pour cet échangeur à plaques, chaque plaque comporte un panneau central. Les panneaux centraux des deux plaques étant parallèles et espacés l’un de l’autre de manière à former un canal pour un fluide. De plus, la paire de plaques comporte au moins un panneau de jonction entre les panneaux centraux des plaques de manière à les assembler et à les espacer. Les panneaux de jonction sont inclinés par rapport aux panneaux centraux. Au sein de cet échangeur de chaleur, les échanges de chaleur sont réalisés notamment au travers de plaques planes, éventuellement sans relief. Bien que donnant satisfaction, l’efficacité thermique de cet échangeur de chaleur à plaques peut être amélioré.Patent application FR3086742 (W02020/069880) as well as in patent application FR 3108714 (WO2021/190879) describe a plate heat exchanger, within which pairs of plates are formed. For this plate heat exchanger, each plate has a central panel. The central panels of the two plates being parallel and spaced from each other so as to form a channel for a fluid. In addition, the pair of plates includes at least one junction panel between the central panels of the plates so as to assemble them and to space them. The junction panels are angled with respect to the central panels. Within this heat exchanger, the heat exchanges are carried out in particular through flat plates, possibly without relief. Although satisfactory, the thermal efficiency of this plate heat exchanger can be improved.
Afin de permettre le brassage de ces fluides pour augmenter les échanges thermiques, les plaques des échangeurs de chaleur peuvent être équipées de dispositifs de perturbation de l’écoulement des fluides. In order to allow the mixing of these fluids to increase the heat exchanges, the plates of the heat exchangers can be equipped with devices for disturbing the flow of the fluids.
Pour des raisons économiques et pratiques, l’agencement de ces dispositifs de perturbation est généralement le même pour toutes les plaques. For economic and practical reasons, the arrangement of these disturbance devices is generally the same for all plates.
La demande de brevet FR3003637 décrit un échangeur de chaleur à plaques comprenant au moins une paire de plaques similaires espacées sensiblement parallèles. Lesdites plaques peuvent comporter des rainures espacées s’étendant dans une direction orientée à 45° par rapport aux côtés de chaque plaque. La deuxième plaque est de forme invariante par rotation de 90 degrés par rapport à un axe normal au panneau principal. De cette manière, les rainures de la première plaque sont perpendiculaires aux rainures de la deuxième plaque. Ainsi, les rainures forment un relief permettant le brassage des fluides permettant d’augmenter les échanges thermiques. Toutefois, les performances des échanges thermiques peuvent être améliorées, et cet échangeur de chaleur permet uniquement les échanges de chaleur à cocourant, mais ne permet pas les échanges de chaleur à contre-courant ou à courants croisés. Patent application FR3003637 describes a plate heat exchanger comprising at least one pair of spaced apart substantially parallel similar plates. Said plates may have spaced grooves extending in a direction oriented at 45° to the sides of each plate. The second plate is of invariant shape by rotation of 90 degrees relative to an axis normal to the main panel. In this way, the grooves of the first plate are perpendicular to the grooves of the second plate. Thus, the grooves form a relief allowing the mixing of fluids to increase heat exchange. However, the heat exchange performance can be improved, and this heat exchanger only allows co-current heat exchange, but does not allow counter-current or cross-current heat exchange.
Résumé de l’invention Summary of the invention
L’invention a pour but de construire un échangeur de chaleur à plaques ayant des performances thermiques optimisées et avec une perte de charge limitée. Pour cela, l’invention concerne une paire de plaque d’échangeur de chaleur. Chaque plaque comporte un panneau central pourvu d’au moins une rainure en saillie dans un canal défini par un volume interne entre les plaques. Au sein de la paire de plaques, chaque rainure de la première plaque est parallèle à chaque rainure de la deuxième plaque. Les rainures sur les deux plaques forment un relief permettant le brassage des fluides assurant une augmentation des échanges thermiques avec une perte de charge limitée. De plus, cette conception peut être utilisée pour des échanges de chaleur à co-courant, à contre-courant ou à courants croisés. The object of the invention is to construct a plate heat exchanger having optimized thermal performance and with a limited pressure drop. For this, the invention relates to a pair of heat exchanger plates. Each plate has a central panel with at least one projecting groove in a channel defined by a volume internal between the plates. Within the pair of plates, each groove of the first plate is parallel to each groove of the second plate. The grooves on the two plates form a relief allowing the mixing of fluids ensuring an increase in heat exchange with a limited pressure drop. Additionally, this design can be used for co-current, counter-current, or cross-current heat exchanges.
L’invention concerne en outre un empilement de paires de plaques, un échangeur de chaleur comprenant une telle paire de plaques. L’invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d’un tel empilement de paires de plaques ou d’un tel échangeur de chaleur. The invention further relates to a stack of pairs of plates, a heat exchanger comprising such a pair of plates. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a stack of pairs of plates or such a heat exchanger.
L’invention concerne une paire de plaques d’échangeur de chaleur comprenant une première plaque et une deuxième plaque d’échangeur de chaleur, disposées en vis-à-vis et espacées l’une de l’autre de manière à définir un volume interne apte à former un canal pour un écoulement d’un premier fluide, chaque plaque comprenant un panneau central, lesdits panneaux centraux desdites première et deuxième plaques étant préférentiellement sensiblement quadrilatéraux avec optionnellement des bords tronqués, coupés ou arrondis, et lesdits panneaux centraux desdites première et deuxième plaques étant plans et parallèles entre eux. Ledit panneau central de chaque plaque comporte au moins une rainure, de préférence une rainure sensiblement rectiligne, en saillie dans ledit volume interne, et chaque rainure de ladite première plaque est parallèle à chaque rainure de ladite deuxième plaque.A pair of heat exchanger plates includes a first plate and a second heat exchanger plate, arranged opposite each other and spaced apart to define an internal volume capable of forming a channel for a flow of a first fluid, each plate comprising a central panel, said central panels of said first and second plates preferably being substantially quadrilateral with optionally truncated, cut or rounded edges, and said central panels of said first and second plates being flat and parallel to each other. Said central panel of each plate comprises at least one groove, preferably a substantially rectilinear groove, projecting into said internal volume, and each groove of said first plate is parallel to each groove of said second plate.
Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque rainure est inclinée d’un angle a non nul et non droit par rapport à un côté dudit panneau central, l’angle a est supérieur ou égal à 10°, de préférence est compris entre 10 et 80° bornes incluses, et de manière préférentielle entre 30 et 70° bornes incluses, et de manière préférée entre 40 et 50° bornes incluses. According to one embodiment, each groove is inclined at a non-zero and non-right angle a with respect to a side of said central panel, the angle a is greater than or equal to 10°, preferably is between 10 and 80° terminals inclusive, and preferably between 30 and 70° terminals inclusive, and preferably between 40 and 50° terminals inclusive.
Conformément à une mise en oeuvre, chaque rainure de ladite deuxième plaque est décalée par rapport à chaque rainure de ladite première plaque dans une direction perpendiculaire auxdites rainures desdites première et deuxième plaques. According to one implementation, each groove of said second plate is offset with respect to each groove of said first plate in a direction perpendicular to said grooves of said first and second plates.
Selon une option de réalisation, chaque panneau central de chaque plaque comporte une pluralité de rainures parallèles entre elles, et préférentiellement régulièrement espacées.According to one embodiment, each central panel of each plate comprises a plurality of parallel grooves between them, and preferably regularly spaced.
Avantageusement, l’espacement régulier entre lesdites rainures de ladite première plaque est identique à l’espacement régulier entre lesdites rainures de ladite deuxième plaque. Advantageously, the regular spacing between said grooves of said first plate is identical to the regular spacing between said grooves of said second plate.
De préférence, le décalage dans la direction perpendiculaire auxdites rainures a une distance comprise entre un tiers et deux tiers dudit espacement régulier, et vaut de préférence la moitié dudit espacement régulier. De manière avantageuse, l’espacement régulier entre deux rainures successives est compris entre 10 et 80 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 20 et 60 mm bornes incluses. Preferably, the offset in the direction perpendicular to said grooves has a distance between one third and two thirds of said regular spacing, and is preferably half of said regular spacing. Advantageously, the regular spacing between two successive grooves is between 10 and 80 mm inclusive, preferably between 20 and 60 mm inclusive.
Selon un aspect, chaque rainure a une section transversale dont la forme est choisie parmi un arc de cercle, un demi-cercle, un U, un V, une ellipse, une aile d’avion, un fer de lance, de préférence la forme est choisie parmi un arc de cercle et une aile d’avion. According to one aspect, each groove has a cross section whose shape is chosen from an arc of a circle, a semicircle, a U, a V, an ellipse, an airplane wing, a spearhead, preferably the shape is chosen from an arc of a circle and an airplane wing.
Selon une caractéristique, la largeur de chaque rainure est comprise entre 4 et 30 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 6 et 25 mm bornes incluses. According to one characteristic, the width of each groove is between 4 and 30 mm inclusive terminals, preferably between 6 and 25 mm inclusive terminals.
Conformément à un mode de réalisation, la hauteur de saillie de chaque rainure est comprise entre 1 ,5 et 6 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 2 et 5 mm bornes incluses. According to one embodiment, the protrusion height of each groove is between 1.5 and 6 mm inclusive, preferably between 2 and 5 mm inclusive.
Selon une mise en oeuvre, toutes les rainures des première et deuxième plaques possèdent la même section transversale, la même largeur et la même hauteur de saillie. According to one implementation, all the grooves of the first and second plates have the same cross-section, the same width and the same projection height.
Conformément à une option de réalisation, ladite première plaque et ladite deuxième plaque sont reliées au moyen d’un ou deux panneau(x) de jonction agencé(s) sur un ou deux côté(s) d’un panneau central. According to an embodiment option, said first plate and said second plate are connected by means of one or two junction panel(s) arranged on one or two side(s) of a central panel.
De plus, l’invention concerne un empilement de paires de plaques d’échangeur de chaleur comprenant au moins deux paires de plaques selon l’une des caractéristiques précédentes, lesdites paires de plaques étant empilées de telle sorte que lesdites paires de plaques successives soient espacées. Pour deux paires de plaques successives désignées respectivement première paire de plaques et deuxième paire de plaques : a. Ladite première paire de plaques et ladite deuxième paire de plaques sont disposées parallèlement l’une à l’autre et en regard l’une de l’autre, l’espace entre les plaques de chaque paire de plaques formant un canal pour l’écoulement d’un premier fluide, b. L’espace entre ladite première paire de plaques et ladite deuxième paire de plaques forme un canal pour l’écoulement d’un deuxième fluide, ladite deuxième paire de plaques étant préférentiellement identique à ladite première paire de plaques, ou étant une image en miroir de ladite première paire de plaques. Furthermore, the invention relates to a stack of pairs of heat exchanger plates comprising at least two pairs of plates according to one of the preceding characteristics, said pairs of plates being stacked in such a way that said pairs of successive plates are spaced . For two pairs of successive plates designated respectively first pair of plates and second pair of plates: a. Said first pair of plates and said second pair of plates are arranged parallel to each other and facing each other, the space between the plates of each pair of plates forming a channel for the flow a first fluid, b. The space between said first pair of plates and said second pair of plates forms a channel for the flow of a second fluid, said second pair of plates being preferably identical to said first pair of plates, or being a mirror image of said first pair of plates.
Selon un mode de réalisation, ledit canal pour l’écoulement du deuxième fluide est perpendiculaire audit canal pour l’écoulement du premier fluide. According to one embodiment, said channel for the flow of the second fluid is perpendicular to said channel for the flow of the first fluid.
L’invention concerne également un échangeur de chaleur à plaques comprenant des paires de plaques selon l’une des caractéristiques précédentes ou un empilement de paires de plaques selon l’une des caractéristiques précédentes, lesdites paires de plaques ou ledit empilement de paires de plaques étant disposés dans un châssis. The invention also relates to a plate heat exchanger comprising pairs of plates according to one of the preceding characteristics or a stack of pairs of plates according to one of the preceding characteristics, said pairs of plates or said stack of pairs of plates being arranged in a frame.
En outre, l’invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d’un empilement de paires de plaques selon l’une des caractéristiques précédentes, ou d’un échangeur de chaleur selon l’une des caractéristiques précédentes. Pour ce procédé, on met en oeuvre les étapes suivantes : a. On prépare au moins quatre plaques comportant chacun un panneau central ; b. Pour une première moitié desdites plaques, on forme ladite au moins une rainure dans le panneau central de chaque plaque, notamment par emboutissage ; c. Pour une deuxième moitié desdites plaques, on forme ladite au moins une rainure dans le panneau central de chaque plaque, notamment par emboutissage ; d. On assemble au moins deux paires de plaques, pour chaque paire de plaques, on agence une première plaque de ladite première moitié desdites plaques parallèlement à une deuxième plaque de ladite deuxième moitié desdites plaques, de telle sorte que les rainures soient parallèles et en saillie dans le volume interne entre lesdites plaques, et éventuellement avec un décalage de chaque rainure de la première plaque par rapport à chaque rainure de la deuxième plaque selon une direction perpendiculaire auxdites rainures ; et e. On empile lesdites au moins deux paires de plaques parallèlement et espacées les unes des autres. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a stack of pairs of plates according to one of the preceding characteristics, or a heat exchanger according to one of the preceding characteristics. For this method, the following steps are carried out: a. At least four plates are prepared, each comprising a central panel; b. For a first half of said plates, said at least one groove is formed in the central panel of each plate, in particular by stamping; vs. For a second half of said plates, said at least one groove is formed in the central panel of each plate, in particular by stamping; d. At least two pairs of plates are assembled, for each pair of plates, a first plate of said first half of said plates is arranged parallel to a second plate of said second half of said plates, such that the grooves are parallel and project into the internal volume between said plates, and possibly with an offset of each groove of the first plate relative to each groove of the second plate in a direction perpendicular to said grooves; summer. Said at least two pairs of plates are stacked in parallel and spaced from each other.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages du dispositif selon l'invention, apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après d'exemples non limitatifs de réalisations, en se référant aux figures annexées et décrites ci-après. Other characteristics and advantages of the device according to the invention will appear on reading the following description of non-limiting examples of embodiments, with reference to the appended figures and described below.
Liste des figures List of Figures
La figure 1 illustre deux panneaux centraux d’une paire de plaques selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention. Figure 1 illustrates two central panels of a pair of plates according to one embodiment of the invention.
La figure 2 illustre une vue en coupe de deux panneaux centraux d’une paire de plaques selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention. Figure 2 illustrates a sectional view of two central panels of a pair of plates according to one embodiment of the invention.
La figure 3 illustre une section transversale (profil) d’une rainure selon une première variante de réalisation de l’invention. La figure 4 illustre une section transversale (profil) d’une rainure selon une deuxième variante de réalisation de l’invention. FIG. 3 illustrates a cross section (profile) of a groove according to a first variant embodiment of the invention. FIG. 4 illustrates a cross section (profile) of a groove according to a second alternative embodiment of the invention.
La figure 5 illustre une paire de plaques selon un premier mode de réalisation de l’invention.Figure 5 illustrates a pair of plates according to a first embodiment of the invention.
La figure 6 illustre une paire de plaques selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l’invention.Figure 6 illustrates a pair of plates according to a second embodiment of the invention.
La figure 7 illustre une paire de plaques selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l’invention.Figure 7 illustrates a pair of plates according to a third embodiment of the invention.
La figure 8 illustre une paire de plaques selon un quatrième mode de réalisation de l’invention.Figure 8 illustrates a pair of plates according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
La figure 9 illustre une portion d’un empilement de paires de plaques. Figure 9 illustrates a portion of a stack of plate pairs.
La figure 10 illustre trois conceptions d’une paire de plaques utilisées pour l’exemple comparatif. Figure 10 illustrates three designs of a pair of plates used for the comparative example.
La figure 11 illustre des courbes d’un paramètre thermique en fonction du nombre de Reynolds, respectivement pour deux exemples de paires de plaques selon l’art antérieur, et pour une paire de plaque selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention. FIG. 11 illustrates curves of a thermal parameter as a function of the Reynolds number, respectively for two examples of pairs of plates according to the prior art, and for a pair of plates according to one embodiment of the invention.
Pour des raisons de clarté, les figures ne représentent pas nécessairement les plaques dans la position spatiale dans laquelle elles peuvent être assemblées, ni selon leur position d’utilisation. Les plaques sont en effet dans l’ensemble des figures, représentées toutes selon différents plans. Les figures restent des représentations schématiques, l’ensemble des composants représentés n’est pas forcément à l’échelle, et ont été simplifiés pour en faciliter la lecture. For reasons of clarity, the figures do not necessarily represent the plates in the spatial position in which they can be assembled, nor according to their position of use. The plates are indeed in all the figures, all represented according to different plans. The figures remain schematic representations, all the components shown are not necessarily to scale, and have been simplified to facilitate reading.
Description des modes de réalisation Description of embodiments
Dans l'ensemble du présent texte, les termes « alimentation » ou « entrée » et « sortie » ou « évacuation » et « dans » ou « hors de » sont utilisés en référence au sens d'écoulement des fluides. Throughout this text, the terms "supply" or "inlet" and "outlet" or "discharge" and "in" or "out of" are used in reference to the direction of fluid flow.
Dans l'ensemble du présent texte, le terme « côté » ou » bord » du panneau central est utilisé en référence à la périphérie du panneau central, sur une certaine largeur, par exemple jusqu'à 5 ou 10% de la largeur de la plaque. Throughout this text, the term "side" or "edge" of the central panel is used in reference to the periphery of the central panel, over a certain width, for example up to 5 or 10% of the width of the plaque.
Dans l’ensemble du présent texte, le terme « image en miroir » signifie une symétrie par rapport à un plan situé au milieu de l’espace séparant l’objet de son image. Throughout this text, the term "mirror image" means a symmetry with respect to a plane located in the middle of the space separating the object from its image.
Dans l’ensemble du présent texte, la « face interne » d’une plaque désigne la face tournée en direction de l’autre plaque avec laquelle elle est assemblée en paire de plaques, et la « face externe » de cette plaque est la face tournée en direction opposée à l’autre plaque de la paire de plaques en question. Throughout this text, the "internal face" of a plate designates the face turned in the direction of the other plate with which it is assembled as a pair of plates, and the "internal face" external" of this plate is the side facing in the opposite direction to the other plate of the pair of plates in question.
Paire de plaques Pair of plates
L’invention concerne une paire de plaques d’un échangeur de chaleur à plaques. Un échangeur de chaleur permet d’échanger de la chaleur entre deux fluides, ou entre un fluide et une source de chaleur ou une source de froid. Généralement, un tel échangeur de chaleur comprend au moins une paroi, notamment une paroi métallique (ici une plaque pour un échangeur de chaleur à plaques) qui permet le transfert thermique entre les deux fluides ou entre le fluide et la source de chaleur ou la source de froid. Le métal de la paroi (le métal de la plaque pour un échangeur de chaleur à plaques) peut être de tout type, notamment un acier, un aluminium, un cuivre, etc. ainsi que leurs alliages. En variante, la paroi peut être recouverte d’un revêtement (de l’anglais « coating »). Alternativement, la paroi peut être en matière plastique, ou tout matériau analogue. The invention relates to a pair of plates of a plate heat exchanger. A heat exchanger is used to exchange heat between two fluids, or between a fluid and a heat source or a cold source. Generally, such a heat exchanger comprises at least one wall, in particular a metal wall (here a plate for a plate heat exchanger) which allows heat transfer between the two fluids or between the fluid and the heat source or the heat source. cold. The wall metal (the plate metal for a plate heat exchanger) can be any type including steel, aluminum, copper, etc. as well as their alloys. Alternatively, the wall may be covered with a coating. Alternatively, the wall can be made of plastic, or any similar material.
L'invention peut être utilisée par exemple pour des échangeurs de chaleur à plaques fonctionnant selon le principe à écoulement croisé (« cross-flow exchanger » selon la terminologie anglo-saxonne) dans lequel les fluides s'écoulant sur les deux faces de chaque plaque sont dirigés sensiblement perpendiculairement l'un à l'autre. L'invention peut également être utilisée pour des échangeurs de chaleur à plaques fonctionnant selon un principe à contre-courant, dans lequel les fluides s'écoulant sur les deux faces de chaque plaque sont dirigés sensiblement dans des directions opposées (« counter-current exchanger » selon la terminologie anglo-saxonne). L'invention peut également être utilisée pour des échangeurs de chaleur à plaques fonctionnant selon un principe d'écoulement en co-courant dans lequel les fluides s'écoulant sur les deux faces de chaque plaque sont dirigés sensiblement dans la même direction. L'invention peut également être utilisée pour des échangeurs de chaleur de type à plaques fonctionnant selon d'autres principes d'écoulement.The invention can be used for example for plate heat exchangers operating according to the cross-flow principle ("cross-flow exchanger" according to the English terminology) in which the fluids flowing on the two faces of each plate are directed substantially perpendicular to each other. The invention can also be used for plate heat exchangers operating according to a counter-current principle, in which the fluids flowing on the two faces of each plate are directed substantially in opposite directions ("counter-current exchanger » according to the Anglo-Saxon terminology). The invention can also be used for plate heat exchangers operating according to a principle of co-current flow in which the fluids flowing on the two faces of each plate are directed substantially in the same direction. The invention can also be used for plate type heat exchangers operating according to other flow principles.
L'invention est particulièrement adaptée pour l'échange thermique entre deux fluides, notamment deux gaz, mais peut également être utilisée pour échanger de la chaleur entre deux liquides, ou entre un liquide et un gaz. The invention is particularly suitable for heat exchange between two fluids, in particular two gases, but can also be used to exchange heat between two liquids, or between a liquid and a gas.
L'invention est plus particulièrement adaptée pour l'échange entre deux gaz, notamment des flux de gaz à l’entrée et à la sortie d’un équipement unique, comme par exemple l'air devant être acheminé à un four et les fumées du même four ou, de manière similaire, le courant chaud provenant d'un système de réduction des NOx et le courant froid allant au même système de réduction des NOx. The invention is more particularly suitable for the exchange between two gases, in particular gas flows at the inlet and at the outlet of a single piece of equipment, such as for example the air to be conveyed to a furnace and the fumes from the same oven or, similarly, the hot current from a NOx reduction system and the cold stream going to the same NOx reduction system.
Selon l’invention, la paire de plaques d’échangeur de chaleur comprend une première plaque sensiblement plane d’échangeur de chaleur et une deuxième plaque sensiblement plane d’échangeur de chaleur. Au sein de la paire de plaques, les première et deuxième plaques sont assemblées et disposées en vis-à-vis et espacées l’une de l’autre de manière à définir un volume interne apte à former un unique canal pour l’écoulement d’un premier fluide. According to the invention, the pair of heat exchanger plates comprises a first substantially flat heat exchanger plate and a second substantially flat heat exchanger plate. Within the pair of plates, the first and second plates are assembled and arranged facing each other and spaced apart so as to define an internal volume capable of forming a single channel for the flow of a first fluid.
Chaque plaque comprend un panneau central, qui sert de surface d’échange de chaleur entre les deux fluides au sein de l’échangeur de chaleur. Les panneaux centraux sont sensiblement plans. Le panneau central comprend une première face (ou face inférieure) et une deuxième face (ou face supérieure) opposée à la première face. Les termes « inférieur » et « supérieur » se rapportent donc, par convention, à un panneau disposé selon un plan horizontal. Au sein de la paire de plaques, le panneau central de la première plaque est parallèle au panneau central de la deuxième plaque. Le panneau central de la plaque d'échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention peut avoir une forme quelconque appropriée, par exemple trapézoïdale, hexagonale ou quadrilatérale. Le panneau central est le plus préférablement quadrilatéral, notamment rectangulaire ou carré, éventuellement avec des coins tronqués, coupés ou arrondis. Each plate includes a central panel, which serves as a heat exchange surface between the two fluids within the heat exchanger. The central panels are substantially planar. The central panel comprises a first face (or lower face) and a second face (or upper face) opposite the first face. The terms “lower” and “upper” therefore refer, by convention, to a panel arranged along a horizontal plane. Within the pair of plates, the central panel of the first plate is parallel to the central panel of the second plate. The central panel of the heat exchanger plate according to the invention can have any suitable shape, for example trapezoidal, hexagonal or quadrilateral. The central panel is most preferably quadrilateral, especially rectangular or square, optionally with truncated, cut or rounded corners.
De plus, le panneau central de chaque plaque comporte au moins une rainure en saillie dans le volume interne. En d’autres termes, au moins une rainure est en saillie sur la face interne du panneau central de chaque plaque. Les rainures sur les deux plaques forment un relief permettant le brassage des fluides dans le volume interne permettant d’augmenter les échanges thermiques. En effet, les rainures permettent d’augmenter le niveau de turbulence d’au moins un fluide s’écoulant dans l’échangeur de chaleur et de casser la couche limite de l’écoulement au niveau de la plaque, ce qui favorise les échanges thermiques. De plus, le panneau central étant plan, le panneau central est formé d’au moins une portion plane et d’au moins une rainure. De préférence, le panneau central de chaque plaque comporte uniquement des rainures en saillie dans le volume interne ; aucune saillie dans le volume externe n’est prévue. In addition, the central panel of each plate has at least one projecting groove in the internal volume. In other words, at least one groove protrudes from the inner face of the central panel of each plate. The grooves on the two plates form a relief allowing the mixing of fluids in the internal volume to increase heat exchange. Indeed, the grooves make it possible to increase the level of turbulence of at least one fluid flowing in the heat exchanger and to break the boundary layer of the flow at the level of the plate, which promotes heat exchange . In addition, the central panel being flat, the central panel is formed of at least one flat portion and at least one groove. Preferably, the central panel of each plate has only projecting grooves in the internal volume; no protrusion into the external volume is provided.
Conformément à une mise en oeuvre de l’invention, l’au moins une rainure peut être inclinée d’un angle a par rapport à un bord du panneau central. According to one implementation of the invention, the at least one groove can be inclined at an angle α with respect to an edge of the central panel.
De préférence, cet angle a peut être non nul et non droit. Autrement dit pour cette réalisation préférée, la rainure n’est parallèle à aucun bord du panneau central. Ainsi, la rainure n’est ni parallèle ni perpendiculaire à la direction d’écoulement du fluide. Selon un aspect, l’angle a d’inclinaison des rainures par rapport à un côté du panneau central peut être supérieur ou égal à 10°, de préférence peut être compris entre 10 et 80° bornes incluses, de manière très préférée entre 30 et 70° bornes incluses, et de manière encore plus préférée entre 40 et 50° bornes incluses. Ces gammes de valeur permettent d'augmenter le niveau de turbulence de l’écoulement d’au moins un fluide dans l’échangeur de chaleur et de casser la couche limite de l’écoulement de fluide, qui est la raison principale de l’augmentation de l’échange de chaleur. Preferably, this angle a can be non-zero and non-right. In other words for this preferred embodiment, the groove is not parallel to any edge of the central panel. Thus, the groove is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow. According to one aspect, the angle a of inclination of the grooves with respect to one side of the central panel may be greater than or equal to 10°, preferably may be between 10 and 80° limits included, very preferably between 30 and 70° terminals inclusive, and even more preferably between 40 and 50° terminals inclusive. These value ranges make it possible to increase the level of turbulence of the flow of at least one fluid in the heat exchanger and to break the boundary layer of the fluid flow, which is the main reason for the increase. of heat exchange.
De manière avantageuse, l’au moins une rainure peut être rectiligne (dans le plan du panneau central). Cette forme favorise sa fabrication et limite les pertes de charge. Advantageously, the at least one groove can be rectilinear (in the plane of the central panel). This shape favors its manufacture and limits pressure drops.
Au sein de la paire de plaques selon l’invention, chaque rainure de la première plaque est parallèle à chaque rainure de la deuxième plaque. Ainsi, le parallélisme des rainures des première et deuxième plaques permet une simplification de l’ensemble : les deux plaques sont quasiment similaires, et ne nécessitent pas une modification de l’orientation d’une plaque par rapport à l’autre. Within the pair of plates according to the invention, each groove of the first plate is parallel to each groove of the second plate. Thus, the parallelism of the grooves of the first and second plates allows a simplification of the assembly: the two plates are almost similar, and do not require a modification of the orientation of one plate relative to the other.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, chaque rainure de la deuxième plaque peut être décalée par rapport à chaque rainure de la première plaque dans une direction perpendiculaire aux rainures des première et deuxième plaques. Autrement dit, chaque rainure de la deuxième plaque n’est pas en vis-à-vis d’une rainure de la première plaque dans le volume interne défini par la paire de plaques. En d’autres termes encore et le cas échéant (pluralité de rainures sur chaque plaque), chaque rainure de la deuxième plaque est intercalée entre deux rainures de la première plaque selon une direction perpendiculaire aux rainures. Le décalage des rainures favorise l’optimisation de la perturbation de l’écoulement de fluide dans le canal, ce qui permet d’augmenter les performances thermiques de la paire de plaques. According to a preferred embodiment, each groove of the second plate can be offset with respect to each groove of the first plate in a direction perpendicular to the grooves of the first and second plates. In other words, each groove of the second plate is not opposite a groove of the first plate in the internal volume defined by the pair of plates. In other words again and if necessary (multiple grooves on each plate), each groove of the second plate is inserted between two grooves of the first plate in a direction perpendicular to the grooves. The offset of the grooves promotes the optimization of the disturbance of the fluid flow in the channel, which makes it possible to increase the thermal performance of the pair of plates.
Selon un aspect, les rainures peuvent être fabriqués par déformation, par exemple par laminage (de l’anglais « rolling »), par emboutissage, par exemple emboutissage sur caoutchouc (de l’anglais « rubber forming »), ou tout procédé analogue. According to one aspect, the grooves can be manufactured by deformation, for example by rolling, by stamping, for example stamping on rubber (from English “rubber forming”), or any similar process.
La hauteur des canaux (l'espacement entre deux plaques consécutives) peut être déterminée en fonction des conditions de service de l’échangeur de chaleur. Typiquement, elle peut être de 5 à 30 mm bornes incluses, notamment de 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm ou toute hauteur appropriée quelconque. Selon un aspect, la hauteur des canaux peut être différente entre le côté froid de l’échangeur de chaleur et le côté chaud de l’échangeur de chaleur.The height of the channels (the spacing between two consecutive plates) can be determined according to the service conditions of the heat exchanger. Typically it may be 5 to 30mm inclusive, including 5mm, 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 30mm or any suitable height. In one aspect, the height of the channels may be different between the cold side of the heat exchanger and the hot side of the heat exchanger.
La largeur de la plaque d'échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention peut être typiquement comprise entre 750 mm et 2 000 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 1000 mm et 1 700 mm bornes incluses. La longueur de la plaque d'échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention peut être typiquement comprise entre 1 000 mm et 7 500 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 1 500 mm et 7 000 mm bornes incluses. The width of the heat exchanger plate according to the invention can typically be between 750 mm and 2000 mm inclusive, preferably between 1000 mm and 1700 mm inclusive. The length of the heat exchanger plate according to the invention can typically be between 1,000 mm and 7,500 mm inclusive terminals, preferably between 1,500 mm and 7,000 mm inclusive terminals.
L'épaisseur de la plaque peut être comprise entre 0,6 mm et 6 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 1 ,5 mm et 2,0 mm bornes incluses. The thickness of the plate may be between 0.6 mm and 6 mm inclusive terminals, preferably between 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm inclusive terminals.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, chaque panneau central de chaque plaque peut comporter une pluralité de rainures parallèles entre elles (c’est-à-dire au moins deux rainures parallèles entre elles). De plus, les rainures de chaque panneau central peuvent être régulièrement espacées. En d’autres termes, entre deux rainures consécutives est intercalée une portion plane du panneau central. Le nombre de rainures permet d’augmenter le brassage des fluides permettant d’augmenter les échanges thermiques. According to one embodiment of the invention, each central panel of each plate may comprise a plurality of grooves parallel to each other (that is to say at least two grooves parallel to each other). In addition, the grooves of each central panel can be evenly spaced. In other words, between two consecutive grooves is inserted a flat portion of the central panel. The number of grooves makes it possible to increase the mixing of the fluids allowing to increase the thermal exchanges.
Avantageusement, pour ce mode de réalisation, l’espacement régulier (appelé en anglais « pitch ») entre les rainures de la première plaque peut être identique à l’espacement régulier entre les rainures de la deuxième plaque. Ainsi, la fabrication des plaques peut être mise en oeuvre avec la même machine et des outils similaires, ce qui favorise leur conception. Advantageously, for this embodiment, the regular spacing (called in English “pitch”) between the grooves of the first plate can be identical to the regular spacing between the grooves of the second plate. Thus, the manufacture of the plates can be implemented with the same machine and similar tools, which promotes their design.
De manière avantageuse, pour le mode de réalisation pour lequel les rainures de la deuxième plaque sont décalées des rainures de la première plaque, le décalage dans la direction perpendiculaire des rainures peut avoir une distance comprise entre un tiers et deux tiers de l’espacement régulier (« pitch »). Ainsi, les rainures de la deuxième plaque peuvent être intercalées entre les rainures de la première plaque. De préférence, le décalage dans la direction perpendiculaire peut avoir une distance valant sensiblement la moitié de l’espacement régulier (« pitch »). Ainsi, les rainures de la deuxième plaque peuvent être intercalées au milieu entre les rainures de la première plaque. Advantageously, for the embodiment for which the grooves of the second plate are offset from the grooves of the first plate, the offset in the perpendicular direction of the grooves can have a distance comprised between one third and two thirds of the regular spacing. (“pitch”). Thus, the grooves of the second plate can be interposed between the grooves of the first plate. Preferably, the offset in the perpendicular direction may have a distance substantially equal to half the regular spacing ("pitch"). Thus, the grooves of the second plate can be inserted in the middle between the grooves of the first plate.
Avantageusement, l’espacement régulier (« pitch ») peut être compris entre 10 et 80 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 20 et 60 mm bornes incluses. L’espacement régulier est la dimension entre deux sommets de rainures successives mesurée dans une direction perpendiculaire au premier bord de ladite rainure. Advantageously, the regular spacing (“pitch”) can be between 10 and 80 mm terminals included, preferably between 20 and 60 mm terminals included. The regular spacing is the dimension between two vertices of successive grooves measured in a direction perpendicular to the first edge of said groove.
Selon une option de réalisation, chaque rainure peut avoir une section transversale selon une direction transversale à la rainure (on appelle la section transversale également profil de la rainure) dont la forme est choisie parmi : un arc de cercle, un demi-cercle, un U, un V, une ellipse, une aile d’avion, un fer de lance (forme de la pointe en fer attachée au bout d’une flèche, d’une lance ou d’une pique), ou toute forme analogue. De manière préférée, les rainures ont un profil en arc de cercle ou en aile d’avion. Ces formes favorisent le brassage du fluide permettant d’augmenter les échanges thermiques et ne présentent aucun angle saillant. According to one embodiment option, each groove may have a cross section in a direction transverse to the groove (the cross section is also called profile of the groove) the shape of which is chosen from: an arc of a circle, a semicircle, a U, V, ellipse, airplane wing, spearhead (shape of the iron point attached to the end of an arrow, spear or pike), or any similar shape. Preferably, the grooves have an arcuate or airplane wing profile. These shapes promote the mixing of the fluid making it possible to increase the heat exchanges and have no projecting angle.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, la largeur de chaque rainure peut être comprise entre 4 et 30 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 6 et 25 mm bornes incluses. La largeur d’une rainure est mesurée d’un premier bord au deuxième bord opposé dans une direction perpendiculaire au premier bord de ladite rainure. According to one embodiment of the invention, the width of each groove can be between 4 and 30 mm, terminals included, preferably between 6 and 25 mm, terminals included. The width of a groove is measured from a first edge to the opposite second edge in a direction perpendicular to the first edge of said groove.
Conformément à une mise en oeuvre, la hauteur de saillie de chaque rainure peut être comprise entre 1 ,5 et 6 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 2 et 5 mm bornes incluses. La hauteur de saillie d’une rainure est la dimension d’une rainure selon une direction orthogonale par rapport au plan du panneau central. Elle est mesurée sans inclure l’épaisseur de la plaque d’échangeur, c’est-à-dire depuis la face inférieure de la plaque jusqu’au sommet de la rainure. According to one implementation, the protrusion height of each groove may be between 1.5 and 6 mm inclusive, preferably between 2 and 5 mm inclusive. The projecting height of a groove is the dimension of a groove in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the central panel. It is measured without including the thickness of the heat exchanger plate, i.e. from the underside of the plate to the top of the groove.
De préférence, le rapport largeur sur hauteur des rainures peut être compris entre 3 et 5, de manière plus préférée entre 3 et 4. Ces gammes de valeurs permettent la réalisation des rainures et permettent un écoulement turbulent favorisant les échanges de chaleur. Preferably, the width to height ratio of the grooves can be between 3 and 5, more preferably between 3 and 4. These ranges of values allow the realization of the grooves and allow a turbulent flow promoting heat exchanges.
Avantageusement, toutes les rainures de la première plaque et/ou de la deuxième plaque peuvent avoir un profil, une largeur et une hauteur constantes sur toute la longueur de la rainure. Ainsi, les saillies sont identiques sur tout le panneau central. Advantageously, all the grooves of the first plate and/or of the second plate can have a constant profile, width and height over the entire length of the groove. Thus, the projections are identical over the entire central panel.
De manière avantageuse, toutes les rainures des première et deuxième plaques possèdent la même section transversale (profil), la même largeur et la même hauteur de saillie. Ainsi, les saillies sont identiques, ce qui simplifie la fabrication de la paire de plaques. Advantageously, all the grooves of the first and second plates have the same cross-section (profile), the same width and the same projection height. Thus, the projections are identical, which simplifies the manufacture of the pair of plates.
Selon un aspect, des éléments d'espacement (« spacers » selon la terminologie anglo- saxonne) fabriqués par exemple à partir de bandes (« strips » selon la terminologie anglo- saxonne), des profilés, ou des ailettes à épingle, peuvent être insérés dans au moins un/chaque canal afin de garantir l'espacement entre les plaques. Ils peuvent être lâches ou peuvent être soudés par points, ou encore être maintenus en place en utilisant des pinces (« clamps » dans la terminologie anglo-saxonne) profilées en U au niveau de l’alimentation et de l’évacuation. Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, la première plaque et la deuxième plaque peuvent être reliées mécaniquement au moyen d’au moins un panneau de jonction agencé sur au moins un côté d’un panneau central. L’au moins un panneau de jonction est relié, notamment soudé, au panneau central d’au moins une plaque de la paire de plaques. According to one aspect, spacers (“spacers” according to the Anglo-Saxon terminology) made for example from strips (“strips” according to the Anglo-Saxon terminology), profiles, or pin fins, can be inserted into at least one/each channel to ensure spacing between plates. They can be loose or can be spot-welded, or even be held in place using U-shaped clamps at the supply and discharge. According to one embodiment of the invention, the first plate and the second plate can be mechanically connected by means of at least one junction panel arranged on at least one side of a central panel. The at least one junction panel is connected, in particular welded, to the central panel of at least one plate of the pair of plates.
Les panneaux de jonction sont de préférence obtenus par des opérations de pliage des plaques, mais peuvent être obtenus différemment, et même être rapportés sur les panneaux centraux par différents moyens de fixation conventionnels. Chacun des panneaux de jonction peut de préférence être formé en une seule étape, par déformation/pliage. La déformation peut être obtenue par formage à la presse et/ou par cintrage. Une série d’étape de déformation de la tôle métallique plate peut être requise pour former une série de panneaux de jonction latérale sur une même plaque (une ou deux paires de panneaux). The junction panels are preferably obtained by bending operations of the plates, but can be obtained differently, and even be attached to the central panels by various conventional fastening means. Each of the junction panels can preferably be formed in a single step, by forming/bending. The deformation can be obtained by press forming and/or by bending. A series of flat sheet metal forming steps may be required to form a series of side joining panels on a single plate (one or two pairs of panels).
Ainsi, pour ce mode de réalisation, une plaque d’échangeur de chaleur peut comprendre un panneau central et un panneau de jonction. La plaque d’échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention peut de préférence être formée d'une seule pièce, habituellement par déformation en une étape d'une tôle métallique plate constituée d'un matériau soudable, par exemple une plaque métallique, notamment en acier, par exemple en acier inoxydable. Thus, for this embodiment, a heat exchanger plate may include a center panel and a junction panel. The heat exchanger plate according to the invention can preferably be formed in one piece, usually by deformation in one step of a flat metal sheet made of a weldable material, for example a metal plate, in particular steel , for example stainless steel.
Alternativement, chacun des panneaux de jonction peut être fixé mécaniquement au panneau central de la plaque adjacente par toute technique conventionnelle, typiquement par soudure.Alternatively, each of the junction panels can be mechanically fixed to the central panel of the adjacent plate by any conventional technique, typically by welding.
De plus, chaque panneau de jonction peut être en deux parties, inclinées l’une par rapport à l’autre pour favoriser la fixation sur une plaque. In addition, each junction panel can be in two parts, inclined relative to each other to facilitate fixing on a plate.
Avantageusement, la deuxième partie de chacun des panneaux de jonction peut être suffisamment grande pour permettre une fixation mécanique de la deuxième partie au panneau central de la plaque adjacente par un moyen conventionnel, connu de l'homme du métier. Advantageously, the second part of each of the junction panels can be large enough to allow mechanical attachment of the second part to the central panel of the adjacent plate by conventional means, known to those skilled in the art.
Dans la suite de la description, on distingue « premier panneau de jonction » un panneau de jonction qui permet de relier deux plaques d’une même paire de plaques, et « deuxième panneau de jonction » un panneau de jonction qui permet de relier deux plaques de deux paires de plaques (lorsqu’on forme un empilement de paires de plaques ou un échangeur de chaleur). In the rest of the description, a distinction is made between "first junction panel" a junction panel which makes it possible to connect two plates of the same pair of plates, and "second junction panel" a junction panel which makes it possible to connect two plates of two pairs of plates (when forming a stack of pairs of plates or a heat exchanger).
Par exemple, chaque plaque peut comporter : For example, each plate can include:
Aucun panneau de jonction, ou No junction panel, or
Un ou deux premier(s) panneau(x) de jonction, ou One or two first junction panel(s), or
Un premier panneau de jonction et un deuxième panneau de jonction, ou Deux premiers panneaux de jonction et deux deuxièmes panneaux de jonction. A first junction panel and a second junction panel, or Two first junction panels and two second junction panels.
L’au moins un panneau de jonction peut être conforme à l’un des modes de réalisation décrit dans la demande de brevet FR3086742 (W02020/069880) ou dans la demande de brevet FR 3108714 (WO2021/190879). The at least one junction panel may conform to one of the embodiments described in patent application FR3086742 (W02020/069880) or in patent application FR 3108714 (WO2021/190879).
Avantageusement, au moins un des, notamment tous les panneaux de jonction, comprend une première partie s’étendant depuis le panneau central et une deuxième partie s'étendant depuis ladite première partie, ladite première partie formant un angle 5 avec le panneau central et ladite deuxième partie étant parallèle audit panneau central. C’est une configuration très avantageuse, car on peut ainsi fixer la deuxième partie du panneau, une surface plane, à un bord également plan et qui lui est parallèle, de l’autre plaque : une fixation du type soudure s’en trouve notamment facilitée. Advantageously, at least one of, in particular all of the junction panels, comprises a first part extending from the central panel and a second part extending from the said first part, the said first part forming an angle 5 with the central panel and the said second part being parallel to said central panel. This is a very advantageous configuration, because it is thus possible to fix the second part of the panel, a flat surface, to an edge which is also flat and which is parallel to it, of the other plate: a fixing of the welding type is found in particular facilitated.
Avantageusement, les panneaux de jonction, en particulier les deux parties de ces panneaux de jonction, peuvent être obtenu(e)s par pliage(s) de la plaque. L’inclinaison du panneau de jonction, notamment de la première partie quand il comporte deux parties, ne signifie pas nécessairement un angle parfait au niveau du pliage : l’intersection entre le plan du panneau central et celui du panneau de jonction peut former un angle arrondi / une zone de transition courbe. Il en est de même entre la première partie et la deuxième partie du panneau de jonction quand celui-ci en comporte deux : la deuxième partie peut prolonger la première avec une zone de transition courbe entre l’une et l’autre. Advantageously, the junction panels, in particular the two parts of these junction panels, can be obtained by bending(s) of the plate. The inclination of the junction panel, in particular of the first part when it comprises two parts, does not necessarily mean a perfect angle at the level of the folding: the intersection between the plane of the central panel and that of the junction panel can form an angle rounded / a curved transition zone. It is the same between the first part and the second part of the junction panel when it has two: the second part can extend the first with a curved transition zone between one and the other.
Avantageusement, l’angle 5 entre la première partie du panneau de jonction et le panneau central est d’au moins 45°, préférablement d’au moins 60°, notamment compris entre 80 et 110° bornes incluses, de préférence au voisinage de 90°. Advantageously, the angle θ between the first part of the junction panel and the central panel is at least 45°, preferably at least 60°, in particular between 80 and 110° limits included, preferably in the vicinity of 90 °.
De fait, la largeur de la première partie du panneau de jonction et son angle d’inclinaison 5 par rapport au panneau central définissent l’espacement entre les deux plaques : par exemple, pour un même angle, plus la première partie du panneau de jonction sera large, et plus l’espace entre les deux plaques sera important. Le panneau de jonction vient ainsi, par son dimensionnement et son positionnement par rapport au panneau central, déterminer seul la hauteur du volume dans lequel un des fluides va s’écouler, une fois l’échangeur constitué d’une ou plusieurs de ces paires, à taille de plaque donnée. In fact, the width of the first part of the junction panel and its angle of inclination 5 with respect to the central panel define the spacing between the two plates: for example, for the same angle, plus the first part of the junction panel will be wider, and the greater the space between the two plates will be. The junction panel thus comes, by its dimensioning and its positioning relative to the central panel, to alone determine the height of the volume in which one of the fluids will flow, once the exchanger consists of one or more of these pairs, at a given plate size.
Selon une première variante décrite dans ces demandes de brevet, chaque paire de plaques peut comprendre une paire de panneaux de jonction. Pour cette variante, chaque plaque peut comprendre un panneau de jonction. Cette réalisation permet de réaliser, pour deux plaques d’une paire de plaques, des panneaux de jonction identiques, ce qui facilite la fabrication des panneaux de jonction. La conception des panneaux de jonction de la paire de plaques peut être obtenue par retournement d’une plaque par rapport à l’autre. Alternativement, une des deux plaques peut comprendre les deux panneaux de jonction, de préférence situés sur des côtés opposés du panneau central. According to a first variant described in these patent applications, each pair of plates can comprise a pair of junction panels. For this variant, each plate can include a junction panel. This embodiment makes it possible to produce, for two plates of a pair of plates, identical junction panels, which facilitates the manufacture of junction panels. The design of the junction panels of the pair of plates can be obtained by turning one plate relative to the other. Alternatively, one of the two plates can comprise the two joining panels, preferably located on opposite sides of the central panel.
Selon une deuxième variante décrite dans ces demandes de brevet, chaque paire de plaques peut comprendre deux paires de panneaux de jonction. Chaque paire de panneaux de jonction peut être prévu sur un côté différent des panneaux centraux. Pour cette variante, chaque plaque peut comprendre deux panneaux de jonction sur deux côtés adjacents du panneau central. L’un des deux panneaux de jonction étant un « premier panneau de jonction », et l’autre des deux panneaux de jonction étant « un deuxième panneau de jonction ». Cette réalisation permet de réaliser, pour deux plaques d’une paire de plaques, des panneaux de jonction similaires, ce qui facilite la fabrication des panneaux de jonction de la paire de plaques. La conception des panneaux de jonction de la paire de plaques peut être obtenue par retournement d’une plaque par rapport à l’autre. According to a second variant described in these patent applications, each pair of plates can comprise two pairs of junction panels. Each pair of junction panels may be provided on a different side of the central panels. For this variant, each plate can comprise two joining panels on two adjacent sides of the central panel. One of the two junction panels being a "first junction panel", and the other of the two junction panels being a "second junction panel". This embodiment makes it possible to produce, for two plates of a pair of plates, similar junction panels, which facilitates the manufacture of the junction panels of the pair of plates. The design of the junction panels of the pair of plates can be obtained by turning one plate over the other.
La figure 1 illustre, schématiquement et de manière non limitative, deux panneaux centraux d’une paire de plaques selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention. La figure 1 est une vue tridimensionnelle illustrant les panneaux centraux des plaques. La paire de plaques comprend une première plaque plane A et une deuxième plaque plane B, les deux plaques étant parallèles et espacées l’une de l’autre. Le volume interne entre les deux plaques est noté V. Ce volume V est prévu pour l’écoulement d’un fluide, illustré par la flèche F. La première plaque A comprend une pluralité de rainures 101 rectilignes, parallèles et en saillie dans le volume interne V. Les rainures 101 forment un angle a avec un côté du panneau central de la plaque A. De plus, les rainures 101 sont régulièrement espacées, d’un espacement (« pitch ») noté p. La deuxième plaque B comprend une pluralité de rainures 102 rectilignes, parallèles et en saillie dans le volume interne. Les rainures 102 de la deuxième plaque B sont parallèles aux rainures 101 de la première plaque A. Par conséquent, elles forment un angle a par rapport à un côté de la plaque B. Les rainures 102 sont régulièrement espacées, préférentiellement avec le même espacement régulier que l’espacement régulier des rainures 101 . De plus, les rainures 102 de la deuxième plaque B sont préférentiellement décalées par rapport aux rainures 101 de la première plaque selon une direction DD, comprise dans le plan du panneau central de A et perpendiculaire aux rainures 101 et 102. Pour l’exemple illustré, l’angle a vaut 45°, et la direction DD est une diagonale de la plaque A (respectivement de la plaque B). La figure 2 est une vue en coupe (schématique et non limitative) d’une portion de deux panneaux centraux d’une paire de plaques la figure 1 selon la direction DD de la figure 1 qui est perpendiculaire aux rainures 101 et 102. Cette figure représente une portion de la plaque A, une portion de la plaque B, et le volume interne V entre les deux plaques A et B. Les rainures 101 et 102 sont agencées selon un espacement régulier noté p. Sur cette figure, on montre le décalage s entre les rainures 101 de la plaque A et les rainures 102 de la plaque B. Pour ce mode de réalisation, les rainures ont un profil d’arc de cercle, de largeur w, et de hauteur e.Figure 1 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, two central panels of a pair of plates according to one embodiment of the invention. Figure 1 is a three-dimensional view illustrating the central panels of the plates. The pair of plates includes a first flat plate A and a second flat plate B, the two plates being parallel and spaced apart. The internal volume between the two plates is denoted V. This volume V is provided for the flow of a fluid, illustrated by the arrow F. The first plate A comprises a plurality of rectilinear grooves 101, parallel and projecting into the volume internal V. The grooves 101 form an angle a with one side of the central panel of the plate A. In addition, the grooves 101 are regularly spaced, by a spacing (“pitch”) denoted p. The second plate B comprises a plurality of rectilinear grooves 102, parallel and projecting into the internal volume. The grooves 102 of the second plate B are parallel to the grooves 101 of the first plate A. Consequently, they form an angle a with respect to one side of the plate B. The grooves 102 are regularly spaced, preferably with the same regular spacing than the regular spacing of the grooves 101 . In addition, the grooves 102 of the second plate B are preferably offset from the grooves 101 of the first plate in a direction DD, included in the plane of the central panel of A and perpendicular to the grooves 101 and 102. For the example illustrated , the angle a is 45°, and the direction DD is a diagonal of the plate A (respectively of the plate B). Figure 2 is a sectional view (schematic and non-limiting) of a portion of two central panels of a pair of plates Figure 1 along the direction DD of Figure 1 which is perpendicular to the grooves 101 and 102. This figure represents a portion of the plate A, a portion of the plate B, and the internal volume V between the two plates A and B. The grooves 101 and 102 are arranged according to a regular spacing noted p. This figure shows the offset s between the grooves 101 of the plate A and the grooves 102 of the plate B. For this embodiment, the grooves have a profile of an arc of a circle, of width w, and of height e.
La figure 3 illustre, schématiquement et de manière non limitative, un profil d’arc de cercle d’une rainure selon une variante de réalisation de l’invention. L’arc de cercle peut être défini par la hauteur e de la rainure, par le rayon r de l’arc de cercle, ainsi que par l’angle q> d’ouverture de l’arc de cercle. Figure 3 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting way, an arcuate profile of a groove according to a variant embodiment of the invention. The arc of a circle can be defined by the height e of the groove, by the radius r of the arc of a circle, as well as by the angle q> of opening of the arc of a circle.
La figure 4 illustre, schématiquement et de manière non limitative, un profil d’aile d’avion d’une rainure selon une variante de réalisation de l’invention. Le profil d’aile d’avion peut être défini notamment par la hauteur e de la rainure, ainsi que par la largeur w de la rainure. Figure 4 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, an airplane wing profile with a groove according to an alternative embodiment of the invention. The airplane wing profile can be defined in particular by the height e of the groove, as well as by the width w of the groove.
La figure 5 illustre, schématiquement et de manière non limitative, une paire de plaques selon un premier mode de réalisation de l’invention. La paire de plaques comprend une première plaque A, et une deuxième plaque B. La plaque A comprend un panneau central Ao, et la plaque B comprend un panneau central Bo (non représenté). Les panneaux centraux Ao et Bo sont plans, parallèles et espacés pour former un volume interne V. Le panneau central Ao comprend une pluralité de rainures 101 rectilignes, parallèles et en saillie dans le volume interne V. Le panneau central Bo comprend une pluralité de rainures (non représentées) rectilignes, parallèles et en saillie dans le volume interne V. Les rainures de la deuxième plaque B peut être, conformément au mode de réalisation préféré, décalées des rainures 101 de la première plaque A. La paire de plaques (A, B) comprend en outre deux premiers panneaux de jonction C et D. Les panneaux de jonction C et D sont formés de deux portions de la plaque A pliées par rapport au panneau central Ao. Les plis des panneaux de jonction C et D sont dirigés vers la plaque B. Les panneaux de jonction C et D permettent l’assemblage de la paire de plaques A et B. Les panneaux de jonction C et D sont agencés sur deux côtés opposés du panneau central Ao. Pour l’exemple illustré, les panneaux de jonction C et D peuvent appartenir à la plaque A. Le volume interne V est également limité par les panneaux de jonction C et D, de manière à limiter un canal dans lequel un premier fluide F1 peut s’écouler. Figure 5 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, a pair of plates according to a first embodiment of the invention. The pair of plates comprises a first plate A, and a second plate B. Plate A comprises a central panel A o , and plate B comprises a central panel B o (not shown). The central panels A o and B o are flat, parallel and spaced apart to form an internal volume V. The central panel A o comprises a plurality of rectilinear, parallel and projecting grooves 101 in the internal volume V. The central panel B o comprises a plurality of grooves (not shown) rectilinear, parallel and projecting into the internal volume V. The grooves of the second plate B can be, in accordance with the preferred embodiment, offset from the grooves 101 of the first plate A. The pair of plates (A, B) further comprises two first junction panels C and D. The junction panels C and D are formed of two portions of the plate A bent relative to the central panel A o . The folds of the junction panels C and D are directed towards the plate B. The junction panels C and D allow the assembly of the pair of plates A and B. The junction panels C and D are arranged on two opposite sides of the central panel A o . For the example illustrated, the junction panels C and D can belong to the plate A. The internal volume V is also limited by the junction panels C and D, so as to limit a channel in which a first fluid F1 can flow. 'flow out.
La figure 6 illustre, schématiquement et de manière non limitative, une paire de plaques selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l’invention. La partie gauche de la figure illustre les deux plaques séparément, et la partie droite de la figure illustre la paire de plaques. La paire de plaques comprend une première plaque A, et une deuxième plaque B. La plaque A comprend un panneau central Ao, et la plaque B comprend un panneau central Bo. Les panneaux centraux Ao et Bo sont plans, parallèles et espacés pour former un volume interne V. Le panneau central Ao comprend une pluralité de rainures 101 rectilignes, parallèles et en saillie dans le volume interne V. Le panneau central Bo comprend une pluralité de rainures 102 rectilignes, parallèles et en saillie dans le volume interne V. Le panneau central Ao est délimité par quatre côtés A2 à A5. Le côté A5 est relié à un premier panneau de jonction JA. Le premier panneau de jonction JA comprend une première partie A5 et une deuxième partie A6. La première partie A5 est pliée d’un angle 5 par rapport au panneau central Ao. La deuxième partie A6 est plié par rapport à la première partie A5, et est parallèle au plan Ao. La deuxième partie A6 est destinée à être fixée à la plaque B. La plaque B, en particulier les panneaux de jonction, peut être symétrique de la plaque A (à l’exception des rainures lorsqu’elles sont décalées selon le mode de réalisation préféré), elle peut se déduire par retournement : elle comporte un premier panneau de jonction JB en deux parties B5 et B6, et la partie B6 est destinée à être fixée à la plaque A. Figure 6 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, a pair of plates according to a second embodiment of the invention. The left part of the figure shows the two plates separately, and the right part of the figure shows the pair of plates. The pair of plates comprises a first plate A, and a second plate B. Plate A comprises a central panel A o , and plate B comprises a central panel B o . The central panels A o and B o are flat, parallel and spaced apart to form an internal volume V. The central panel A o comprises a plurality of rectilinear, parallel and projecting grooves 101 in the internal volume V. The central panel B o comprises a plurality of rectilinear grooves 102, parallel and projecting into the internal volume V. The central panel A o is delimited by four sides A 2 to A 5 . Side A 5 is connected to a first junction panel J A . The first junction panel J A comprises a first part A 5 and a second part A 6 . The first part A 5 is bent at an angle 5 with respect to the central panel A o . The second part A 6 is folded with respect to the first part A 5 , and is parallel to the plane A o . The second part A 6 is intended to be fixed to the plate B. The plate B, in particular the junction panels, can be symmetrical with the plate A (with the exception of the grooves when they are offset according to the embodiment preferred), it can be deduced by reversal: it comprises a first junction panel J B in two parts B 5 and B 6 , and part B 6 is intended to be fixed to the plate A.
La figure 7 illustre, schématiquement et de manière non limitative, une paire de plaques selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l’invention. Cette figure illustre les deux plaques séparément. Pour ce mode de réalisation, les plaques A et B comprennent des éléments identiques à ceux du deuxième mode de réalisation de la figure 6. Ces éléments identiques au mode de réalisation de la figure 6 ne sont pas décrits à nouveau. La plaque A comprend en outre sur le côté A4 un deuxième panneau de jonction KA. Le deuxième panneau de jonction KA est perpendiculaire au panneau central Ao. Le côté A4 du panneau central Ao est perpendiculaire au côté A5 du panneau central Ao sur lequel est prévu le premier panneau de jonction JA. De plus, le deuxième panneau de jonction KA s’étend à l’opposé du volume interne entre les plaques, et donc à l’opposé du côté des rainures en saillie. La plaque B, en particulier les panneaux de jonction, peut être symétrique de la plaque A (à l’exception des rainures lorsqu’elles sont décalées selon le mode de réalisation préféré),: elle comporte un deuxième panneau de jonction KB s’étendant à l’opposé des saillies des rainures. Figure 7 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, a pair of plates according to a third embodiment of the invention. This figure shows the two plates separately. For this embodiment, the plates A and B comprise elements identical to those of the second embodiment of FIG. 6. These elements identical to the embodiment of FIG. 6 are not described again. The plate A further comprises on the side A 4 a second junction panel K A . The second junction panel K A is perpendicular to the central panel A o . The side A 4 of the central panel A o is perpendicular to the side A 5 of the central panel A o on which the first junction panel J A is provided. In addition, the second junction panel K A extends opposite the internal volume between the plates, and therefore opposite the side of the projecting grooves. Plate B, in particular the junction panels, can be symmetrical with plate A (except for the grooves when they are offset according to the preferred embodiment): it comprises a second junction panel K B s' extending opposite the protrusions of the grooves.
La figure 8 illustre, schématiquement et de manière non limitative, une paire de plaques selon un quatrième mode de réalisation de l’invention. Cette figure illustre les deux plaques séparément. Pour ce mode de réalisation, les plaques A et B comprennent des éléments identiques à ceux du mode de réalisation de la figure 7. Ces éléments identiques au mode de réalisation de la figure 7 ne sont pas décrits à nouveau. Pour ce mode de réalisation le deuxième panneau de jonction KA de la plaque A est en deux parties A7, A8 pliées l’une par rapport à l’autre. La partie A8 étant parallèle au panneau central Ao, pour permettre la fixation sur la plaque B. De plus, la partie A7 comporte une plaque A9 qui est dans le prolongement de la partie A7 du même côté que les rainures en saillie. La plaque A9 coopérant avec les bords des parties A5 et A6 du premier panneau de jonction JA, de manière à fermer l’espace qui est créé par les parties A5 et A6 du premier panneau de jonction JA. La plaque B, en particulier les panneaux de jonction, peut être symétrique de la plaque A (à l’exception des rainures lorsqu’elles sont décalées selon le mode de réalisation préféré),: elle comporte un deuxième panneau de jonction KB s’étendant à l’opposé des saillies des rainures, avec une partie B9 identique à la partie A9. Figure 8 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, a pair of plates according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. This figure shows the two plates separately. For this embodiment, the plates A and B comprise elements identical to those of the embodiment of FIG. 7. These elements identical to the embodiment of FIG. 7 are not described again. For this embodiment, the second junction panel K A of plate A is in two parts A 7 , A 8 bent relative to each other. Part A 8 being parallel to the central panel A o , to allow attachment to plate B. In addition, part A 7 comprises a plate A 9 which is in the extension of part A 7 on the same side as the projecting grooves. The plate A 9 cooperating with the edges of the parts A 5 and A 6 of the first junction panel J A , so as to close the space which is created by the parts A 5 and A 6 of the first junction panel J A . Plate B, in particular the junction panels, can be symmetrical with plate A (except for the grooves when they are offset according to the preferred embodiment): it comprises a second junction panel K B s' extending opposite the projections of the grooves, with a part B 9 identical to the part A 9 .
Empilement de paires de plaques Stacking plate pairs
L’invention concerne également un empilement de paires de plaques d’échangeur de chaleur. Un tel empilement comporte au moins deux paires de plaques selon l’une quelconque des variantes ou des combinaisons de variantes décrites ci-dessus. On note respectivement première paire de plaques et deuxième paire de plaques, deux paires de plaques successives dans l’empilement de manière à les différencier. Toutefois, les deux paires de plaques peuvent être identiques, ou peuvent être une image en miroir (c’est-à-dire symétrique) l’une par rapport à l’autre. The invention also relates to a stack of pairs of heat exchanger plates. Such a stack comprises at least two pairs of plates according to any one of the variants or combinations of variants described above. Note respectively first pair of plates and second pair of plates, two successive pairs of plates in the stack so as to differentiate them. However, the two pairs of plates may be identical, or may be a mirror image (i.e. symmetric) of each other.
Dans l’empilement, la première paire de plaques et la deuxième paire de plaques sont disposées parallèlement l’une par rapport à l’autre et en regard l’une de l’autre. Au sein de chaque paire de plaques, le volume interne entre les deux plaques forme un unique canal pour recevoir l’écoulement d’un premier fluide. Il s’agit du volume interne comprenant les rainures en saillie. Ainsi, il y a moins de risque d’encrassement dans ce volume. De plus, le volume entre les deux paires de plaques consécutives dans l’empilement forme un unique canal pour recevoir l’écoulement d’un deuxième fluide. Il s’agit du volume ne comprenant pas les rainures en saillie, mais les rainures en creux. In the stack, the first pair of plates and the second pair of plates are arranged parallel to each other and facing each other. Within each pair of plates, the internal volume between the two plates forms a single channel to receive the flow of a first fluid. This is the internal volume including the protruding grooves. Thus, there is less risk of clogging in this volume. In addition, the volume between the two pairs of consecutive plates in the stack forms a single channel to receive the flow of a second fluid. This is the volume not including the protruding grooves, but the recessed grooves.
Pour le mode de réalisation pour lequel les plaques comportent les deuxièmes panneaux de jonction, les deuxièmes panneaux de jonction peuvent servir à relier deux paires de plaques consécutives, et à maintenir une distance entre les deux paires de plaques consécutives. De plus, les deuxièmes panneaux de jonction délimitent le canal pour l’écoulement du deuxième fluide. For the embodiment for which the plates include the second junction panels, the second junction panels can be used to connect two pairs of consecutive plates, and to maintain a distance between the two pairs of consecutive plates. In addition, the second junction panels delimit the channel for the flow of the second fluid.
La direction d’écoulement des fluides est déterminée par la conception des plaques et la façon dont elles sont reliées via les panneaux de jonction. The direction of fluid flow is determined by the design of the plates and how they are connected via the junction panels.
Selon une mise en oeuvre de l’invention, pour lequel l’échange de chaleur est à courant croisé (« cross-flow exchanger » selon la terminologie anglo-saxonne), le canal pour le deuxième fluide peut être sensiblement perpendiculaire au canal pour le premier fluide. Cette mise en oeuvre peut notamment être réalisée au moyen de deuxièmes panneaux de jonction perpendiculaires aux premiers panneaux de jonction. According to an implementation of the invention, for which the heat exchange is cross-flow ("cross-flow exchanger" according to the English terminology), the channel for the second fluid may be substantially perpendicular to the channel for the first fluid. This implementation can in particular be carried out by means of second junction panels perpendicular to the first junction panels.
Selon une variante, pour lequel l’échange de chaleur est à contre-courant ou à co-courant, le canal pour le deuxième fluide peut être sensiblement parallèle au canal pour le premier fluide.According to a variant, for which the heat exchange is counter-current or co-current, the channel for the second fluid can be substantially parallel to the channel for the first fluid.
Selon un aspect de l’invention, la hauteur entre deux paires de plaques peut être identique à la hauteur entre deux plaques. According to one aspect of the invention, the height between two pairs of plates can be identical to the height between two plates.
Alternativement, la hauteur entre deux paires de plaques peut être différent de la hauteur entre deux plaques. Alternatively, the height between two pairs of plates can be different from the height between two plates.
La figure 9 illustre, schématiquement et de manière non limitative un empilement de paires de plaques selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention. La figure 9 est une vue tridimensionnelle qui représente uniquement une portion des panneaux centraux d’un empilement de deux paires de plaques. L’empilement comprend une première paire de plaques comprenant les plaques Aa et Ba, et une deuxième paire de plaques comprenant les plaques Ab et Bb. Les plaques Aa et Ab comprennent des rainures inclinées 101 (non parallèles à un bord du panneau central des plaques). Les plaques Ba et Bb comprennent des rainures inclinées 102 (non parallèles à un bord du panneau central des plaques). Pour la première paire de plaques Aa et Ba, les rainures sont en saillie dans le volume interne Va entre les plaques Aa et Ba. Pour la deuxième paire de plaques Ab et Bb, les rainures sont en saillie dans le volume interne Vb entre les plaques Ab et Bb. Le volume entre les deux paires de plaques, en l’occurrence entre les plaques Ab et Ba est noté Z, ce volume ne comporte aucune saillie. Au sein des volumes Va et Vb un premier fluide F1 s’écoule. Au sein du volume Z, un deuxième fluide F2 s’écoule. Pour le mode de réalisation illustré, les écoulements des fluides F1 et F2 sont à courant croisés : les écoulements sont perpendiculaires. Des échanges de chaleur entre les fluide F1 et F2 sont réalisés au travers les plaques Ba et Ab. Figure 9 illustrates, schematically and in a non-limiting manner, a stack of pairs of plates according to one embodiment of the invention. Figure 9 is a three-dimensional view showing only a portion of the central panels of a stack of two pairs of plates. The stack comprises a first pair of plates comprising the plates Aa and Ba, and a second pair of plates comprising the plates Ab and Bb. The plates Aa and Ab comprise inclined grooves 101 (not parallel to an edge of the central panel of the plates ). The plates Ba and Bb include inclined grooves 102 (not parallel to an edge of the central panel of the plates). For the first pair of plates Aa and Ba, the grooves project into the internal volume Va between the plates Aa and Ba. For the second pair of plates Ab and Bb, the grooves project into the internal volume Vb between the plates Ab and Bb. The volume between the two pairs of plates, in this case between the plates Ab and Ba is denoted Z, this volume has no protrusion. Within the volumes Va and Vb a first fluid F1 flows. Within volume Z, a second fluid F2 flows. For the illustrated embodiment, the flows of the fluids F1 and F2 are cross current: the flows are perpendicular. Heat exchanges between the fluids F1 and F2 are carried out through the plates Ba and Ab.
Echangeur de chaleur à plaques Plate heat exchanger
En outre, l’invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur à plaques. L’échangeur de chaleur à plaques comprend des paires de plaques selon l’une quelconque des variantes ou des combinaisons de variantes décrites précédemment, ou un empilement de paires de plaques selon l’une quelconque des variantes ou des combinaisons de variantes décrites précédemment. Selon l’invention, l’échangeur de chaleur à plaques comprend un châssis pour le montage des paires de plaques ou de l’empilement des paires de plaques. Furthermore, the invention relates to a plate heat exchanger. The plate heat exchanger comprises pairs of plates according to any one of the variants or combinations of variants described above, or a stack of pairs of plates according to any one of the variants or combinations of variants described above. According to the invention, the plate heat exchanger comprises a frame for mounting the pairs of plates or the stacking of the pairs of plates.
De plus, l’échangeur de chaleur comprend : In addition, the heat exchanger includes:
- Une entrée pour le premier fluide, - An inlet for the first fluid,
- Une sortie pour le premier fluide, - An outlet for the first fluid,
- Une entrée pour le deuxième fluide, et - An inlet for the second fluid, and
Une sortie pour le deuxième fluide. An outlet for the second fluid.
L’entrée et la sortie pour le premier fluide étant reliés aux canaux pour l’écoulement du premier fluide. L’entrée et la sortie pour le deuxième fluide étant reliés aux canaux pour l’écoulement du deuxième fluide. The inlet and the outlet for the first fluid being connected to the channels for the flow of the first fluid. The inlet and the outlet for the second fluid being connected to the channels for the flow of the second fluid.
Un échangeur de chaleur à plaques selon l'invention peut être utilisé pour des fluides fonctionnant à une pression allant de la pression de vide total jusqu'à 1 ,5 MPa, de préférence de 0,01 à 1 ,0 MPa, plus préférablement de 0,01 à 0,6 MPa. A plate heat exchanger according to the invention can be used for fluids operating at a pressure ranging from total vacuum pressure up to 1.5 MPa, preferably from 0.01 to 1.0 MPa, more preferably from 0.01 to 0.6 MPa.
Un échangeur de chaleur à plaques selon l'invention peut être constitué soit de canaux de hauteur uniforme, soit de canaux de hauteurs différentes sur chaque circuit. De manière correspondante, la hauteur du premier panneau de jonction et les hauteurs du deuxième et du troisième panneau de jonction, le cas échéant, peuvent être similaires ou différentes. A plate heat exchanger according to the invention can consist either of channels of uniform height, or of channels of different heights on each circuit. Accordingly, the height of the first joint panel and the heights of the second and third joint panels, if any, may be similar or different.
Avantageusement, l’échangeur de chaleur à plaques peut fonctionner selon le principe à écoulement croisé (« cross-flow exchanger » selon la terminologie anglo-saxonne) dans lequel les fluides s'écoulant sur les deux faces de chaque plaque sont dirigés sensiblement perpendiculairement l'un à l'autre. Alternativement, l'invention peut également être utilisée pour des échangeurs de chaleur à plaques fonctionnant selon un principe à contre-courant, dans lequel les fluides s'écoulant sur les deux faces de chaque plaque sont dirigés sensiblement dans des directions opposées (« counter-current exchanger » selon la terminologie anglo-saxonne). En variante, l'invention peut également être utilisée pour des échangeurs de chaleur à plaques fonctionnant selon un principe d'écoulement en co-courant dans lequel les fluides s'écoulant sur les deux faces de chaque plaque sont dirigés sensiblement dans la même direction. De plus, l'invention peut également être utilisée pour des échangeurs de chaleur de type à plaques fonctionnant selon d'autres principes d'écoulement. Advantageously, the plate heat exchanger can operate according to the cross-flow principle ("cross-flow exchanger" according to the English terminology) in which the fluids flowing on the two faces of each plate are directed substantially perpendicularly l to each other. Alternatively, the invention can also be used for plate heat exchangers operating according to a counter-current principle, in which the fluids flowing on the two faces of each plate are directed substantially in opposite directions ("counter-current"). current exchanger” according to the Anglo-Saxon terminology). Alternatively, the invention can also be used for plate heat exchangers operating according to a co-current flow principle in which the fluids flowing on the two faces of each plate are directed in substantially the same direction. Moreover, the invention can also be used for plate type heat exchangers operating according to other flow principles.
L’échangeur de chaleur selon l’invention est particulièrement adapté pour l'échange entre deux fluides, notamment deux gaz, mais peut également être utilisée pour échanger de la chaleur entre deux liquides ou entre un liquide et un gaz. L'invention est plus particulièrement adaptée pour l'échange entre deux gaz, notamment des flux de gaz à l’entrée et à la sortie d’un équipement unique, comme par exemple l'air devant être acheminé à un four et les fumées du même four ou de manière similaire, le courant chaud provenant d'un système de réduction des NOx et le courant froid allant au même système de réduction des NOx. Pour cette application, le premier fluide (écoulement avec les rainures) peut être l’air, et le deuxième fluide (écoulement sans les rainures) peut être les fumées.The heat exchanger according to the invention is particularly suitable for the exchange between two fluids, in particular two gases, but can also be used to exchange heat between two liquids or between a liquid and a gas. The invention is more particularly suitable for the exchange between two gases, in particular gas flows at the inlet and at the outlet of a single piece of equipment, such as for example the air to be conveyed to a furnace and the fumes from the same furnace or similar, the hot stream coming from a NOx reduction system and the cold stream going to the same NOx reduction system. For this application, the first fluid (flow with the grooves) can be air, and the second fluid (flow without the grooves) can be the fumes.
Alternativement, l’échangeur de chaleur peut avoir une application dans tous les domaines de l’industrie ou de production d’énergie ou dans tout système analogue. Alternatively, the heat exchanger can have an application in all fields of industry or energy production or in any analogous system.
Procédé de fabrication Manufacturing process
De plus, l’invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d’un empilement de paires de plaques selon l’une quelconque des variantes ou des combinaisons de variantes décrites précédemment, ou d’un échangeur de chaleur selon l’une quelconque des variantes ou des combinaisons de variantes décrites précédemment. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a stack of pairs of plates according to any one of the variants or combinations of variants described above, or a heat exchanger according to any one of the variants or combinations of variants described above.
Pour le procédé de fabrication, on met en oeuvre les étapes suivantes : For the manufacturing process, the following steps are implemented:
- On prépare au moins quatre plaques, chaque plaque comprenant un panneau central ; Pour une première moitié des plaques, on forme au moins une rainure dans le panneau central de chaque plaque, notamment par emboutissage, la rainure étant éventuellement inclinée par rapport à un côté du panneau central ; - At least four plates are prepared, each plate comprising a central panel; For a first half of the plates, at least one groove is formed in the central panel of each plate, in particular by stamping, the groove possibly being inclined with respect to one side of the central panel;
Pour une deuxième moitié des plaques, on forme au moins une rainure dans le panneau central de chaque plaque, notamment par emboutissage, la rainure étant éventuellement inclinée par rapport à un côté du panneau central ; For a second half of the plates, at least one groove is formed in the central panel of each plate, in particular by stamping, the groove possibly being inclined with respect to one side of the central panel;
- On assemble au moins deux paires de plaques, et, pour chaque paire de plaques, on agence une première plaque de ladite première moitié desdites plaques parallèlement à une deuxième plaque de ladite deuxième moitié desdites plaques, de telle sorte que les rainures soient parallèles l’une à l’autre et en saillie dans le volume interne entre les plaques, et éventuellement avec un décalage de chaque rainure de la première plaque par rapport à chaque rainure de la deuxième plaque selon une direction perpendiculaire aux rainures ; et - At least two pairs of plates are assembled, and, for each pair of plates, a first plate of said first half of said plates is arranged parallel to a second plate of said second half of said plates, so that the grooves are parallel l to each other and projecting into the internal volume between the plates, and optionally with an offset of each groove of the first plate relative to each groove of the second plate in a direction perpendicular to the grooves; And
- On empile lesdites au moins deux paires de plaques parallèlement et espacées les unes aux autres. - Said at least two pairs of plates are stacked parallel and spaced from each other.
Selon une mise en oeuvre de l’invention, le procédé de fabrication peut comprendre une étape supplémentaire, dans laquelle, après l’étape de préparation des plaques, on peut disposer les plaques d’échangeur de chaleur en deux piles (première moitié des plaques et deuxième moitié des plaques), de manière à préparer deux types de plaques différentes (respectivement première plaque et deuxième plaque). According to one implementation of the invention, the manufacturing method may comprise an additional step, in which, after the step of preparing the plates, the heat exchanger plates into two stacks (first half of plates and second half of plates), so as to prepare two different kinds of plates (first plate and second plate respectively).
En raison du parallélisme, de l’inclinaison éventuelle, et éventuellement du décalage des rainures, les plaques de la première moitié des plaques sont, sauf cas particulier, différentes des plaques de la deuxième moitié des plaques. En effet,, les rainures réalisées sont, sauf cas particulier, différentes entre ces plaques. Due to the parallelism, the possible inclination, and possibly the offset of the grooves, the plates of the first half of the plates are, except in special cases, different from the plates of the second half of the plates. Indeed, the grooves made are, except in special cases, different between these plates.
Pour cette mise en oeuvre, on peut former les rainures dans les plaques de telle sorte que les rainures des plaques de la deuxième pile soient décalées d’un pas régulier des rainures des plaques de la première pile. For this implementation, the grooves can be formed in the plates in such a way that the grooves of the plates of the second stack are offset by a regular pitch from the grooves of the plates of the first stack.
En fonction des modes de réalisation de l’empilement ou de l’échangeur à fabriquer, le procédé peut comprendre en outre au moins une des étapes suivantes : Depending on the embodiments of the stack or the exchanger to be manufactured, the method may also comprise at least one of the following steps:
- On découpe ou on plie les coins des panneaux centraux des plaques, - We cut or bend the corners of the central panels of the plates,
- On plie au moins un des côtés des plaques pour créer au moins un panneau de jonction sur chaque plaque (modes de réalisation des figures 5 à 8), - At least one of the sides of the plates is folded to create at least one junction panel on each plate (embodiments of Figures 5 to 8),
- On plie au moins deux côtés opposés des plaques pour créer deux premiers panneaux de jonction sur une partie des plaques (mode de réalisation de la figure 5), - At least two opposite sides of the plates are folded to create two first junction panels on part of the plates (embodiment of Figure 5),
- On plie au moins deux côtés adjacents des plaques pour créer deux panneaux de jonction sur chaque plaque (modes de réalisation des figures 7 et 8), - At least two adjacent sides of the plates are folded to create two junction panels on each plate (embodiments of Figures 7 and 8),
- On assemble chaque paire de plaque par fixation des panneaux de jonction sur l’autre plaque de la paire de plaque (modes de réalisation des figures 5 à 8), - Each pair of plates is assembled by fixing the junction panels on the other plate of the pair of plates (embodiments of Figures 5 to 8),
- On empile deux paires de plaques successives par fixation de panneaux de jonction sur la paire de plaque adjacente. - Two pairs of successive plates are stacked by attaching junction panels to the pair of adjacent plates.
Comme il va de soi, l’invention ne se limite pas aux seules formes de réalisation des paires de plaques décrites ci-dessus à titre d’exemple, elle embrasse au contraire toutes les variantes de réalisation.
Figure imgf000023_0001
It goes without saying that the invention is not limited solely to the embodiments of the pairs of plates described above by way of example, on the contrary it embraces all variant embodiments.
Figure imgf000023_0001
Les caractéristiques et avantages du système selon l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de l'exemple comparatif ci-après. Pour cet exemple comparatif, on détermine la performance thermique d’un échangeur à plaques selon l’invention et celle de deux échangeurs à plaques selon l’art antérieur. La figure 10 illustre schématiquement et de manière non limitative les trois types d’échangeur de chaleur comparés : The characteristics and advantages of the system according to the invention will appear more clearly on reading the comparative example below. For this comparative example, the thermal performance of a plate heat exchanger according to the invention and that of two plate heat exchangers according to the prior art are determined. Figure 10 illustrates schematically and in a non-limiting manner the three types of heat exchanger compared:
- AA1 : Un échangeur de chaleur à plaques selon un premier art antérieur, pour lequel les plaques sont sans relief (sans rainure), cette réalisation correspond notamment à celle décrite dans la demande de brevet FR3086742 (W02020/069880), - AA1: A plate heat exchanger according to a first prior art, for which the plates are without relief (without groove), this embodiment corresponds in particular to that described in the patent application FR3086742 (W02020/069880),
- AA2 : un échangeur de chaleur à plaques selon un deuxième art antérieur, pour lequel les plaques comportent des rainures inclinées à 45° par rapport au bord, et pour lequel les rainures de la deuxième plaque sont orthogonales aux rainures de la première plaque (sur la figure simplifiée en vue de dessus les rainures de la première plaques sont représentées en trait continu, et les rainures de la deuxième plaque sont représentées en traits pointillés), cette réalisation correspond à celle décrite dans la demande de brevet FR3003637, et - AA2: a plate heat exchanger according to a second prior art, for which the plates comprise grooves inclined at 45° relative to the edge, and for which the grooves of the second plate are orthogonal to the grooves of the first plate (on the simplified figure in top view the grooves of the first plate are shown in continuous lines, and the grooves of the second plate are shown in dotted lines), this embodiment corresponds to that described in the patent application FR3003637, and
INV : un échangeur de chaleur à plaques selon l’invention, pour lesquelles les plaques comportent des rainures inclinées à 45° par rapport au bord, et pour lesquelles les rainures de la deuxième plaque sont parallèles et décalées par rapport aux rainures de la première plaque, le décalage a une distance qui correspond à la moitié de l’espacement régulier des rainures (sur la figure simplifiée en vue de dessus les rainures de la première plaque sont représentées en trait continu, et les rainures de la deuxième plaque sont représentées en traits pointillés). INV: a plate heat exchanger according to the invention, for which the plates comprise grooves inclined at 45° with respect to the edge, and for which the grooves of the second plate are parallel and offset with respect to the grooves of the first plate , the offset has a distance which corresponds to half of the regular spacing of the grooves (in the simplified figure in plan view the grooves of the first plate are represented by a solid line, and the grooves of the second plate are represented by lines dotted lines).
Pour ces trois configurations, les autres éléments de conception (par exemple dimensions) et les conditions opératoires sont identiques. For these three configurations, the other design elements (for example dimensions) and the operating conditions are identical.
Pour chaque configuration, on évalue le transfert de chaleur (Nusselt noté Nu qui est un nombre adimensionnel utilisé pour caractériser le type de transfert thermique entre un fluide et une paroi) et le facteur de frottement (de l’anglais « friction factor » noté est un nombre adimensionnel exprimant la perte de charge) en fonction du nombre de Reynolds (qui est un nombre adimensionnel qui caractérise le type d’écoulement, en particulier la nature de son
Figure imgf000024_0001
régime). Puis on détermine le ratio qui représente les performances thermiques de f3 l’échange de chaleur par rapport aux pertes de charge. Une valeur élevée d’un tel ratio permet de qualifier le transfert thermique par rapport aux pertes de charge ; si deux échangeurs de chaleur ont une même perte de charge, mais un ratio différent, celui avec le ratio élevé aura un meilleur transfert thermique, et pourra nécessiter une surface d’échange de chaleur moins importante. La figure 1 1 représente les courbes pour les trois configurations du ratio — en fonction du f3
Figure imgf000025_0001
nombre de Reynolds. On remarque que l’invention INV permet d’avoir un ratio plus élevé f3 quelque soit le nombre de Reynolds. Il en résulte que l’invention permet un renforcement du transfert de chaleur plus élevé pour une perte de charge identique par rapport aux échangeurs de chaleur à plaques de l’art antérieur. Par conséquent, l’invention est plus performante en termes de transfert de chaleur que les solutions de l’art antérieur. For each configuration, the heat transfer is evaluated (Nusselt noted Nu which is an adimensional number used to characterize the type of heat transfer between a fluid and a wall) and the friction factor (from the English "friction factor" noted is a dimensionless number expressing the head loss) as a function of the Reynolds number (which is a dimensionless number that characterizes the type of flow, in particular the nature of its
Figure imgf000024_0001
diet). Then the ratio is determined which represents the thermal performance of f 3 the heat exchange with respect to the pressure drops. A high value of such a ratio makes it possible to qualify the heat transfer with respect to the pressure drops; if two heat exchangers have the same pressure drop, but a different ratio, the one with the higher ratio will have better heat transfer, and may require a smaller heat exchange surface. Figure 1 1 represents the curves for the three configurations of the ratio — as a function of f 3
Figure imgf000025_0001
Reynolds number. It is noted that the invention INV makes it possible to have a higher ratio f 3 whatever the Reynolds number. It follows that the invention allows a reinforcement of the higher heat transfer for an identical pressure drop compared to the plate heat exchangers of the prior art. Consequently, the invention is more efficient in terms of heat transfer than the solutions of the prior art.

Claims

Revendications Claims
1 . Paire de plaques d’échangeur de chaleur comprenant une première plaque (A) et une deuxième plaque (B) d’échangeur de chaleur, disposées en vis-à-vis et espacées l’une de l’autre de manière à définir un volume (V) interne apte à former un canal pour un écoulement d’un premier fluide (F), chaque plaque (A, B) comprenant un panneau central, lesdits panneaux centraux desdites première et deuxième plaques étant préférentiellement sensiblement quadrilatéraux avec optionnellement des bords tronqués, coupés ou arrondis, et lesdits panneaux centraux desdites première et deuxième plaques (A, B) étant plans et parallèles entre eux, caractérisée en ce que ledit panneau central de chaque plaque (A, B) comporte au moins une rainure (101 , 102), de préférence une rainure sensiblement rectiligne, en saillie dans ledit volume interne (V), et en ce que chaque rainure (101 ) de ladite première plaque (A) est parallèle à chaque rainure (102) de ladite deuxième plaque (B). 1 . Pair of heat exchanger plates comprising a first heat exchanger plate (A) and a second heat exchanger plate (B), arranged facing each other and spaced apart so as to define a volume (V) able to form a channel for a flow of a first fluid (F), each plate (A, B) comprising a central panel, said central panels of said first and second plates being preferentially substantially quadrilateral with optionally truncated edges , cut or rounded, and said central panels of said first and second plates (A, B) being flat and parallel to each other, characterized in that said central panel of each plate (A, B) comprises at least one groove (101, 102 ), preferably a substantially straight groove, projecting into said internal volume (V), and in that each groove (101) of said first plate (A) is parallel to each groove (102) of said second plate (B) .
2. Paire de plaques selon la revendication 1 , dans laquelle chaque rainure (101 , 102) est inclinée d’un angle a non nul et non droit par rapport à un côté dudit panneau central, l’angle a est supérieur ou égal à 10°, de préférence est compris entre 10 et 80° bornes incluses, et de manière préférentielle entre 30 et 70° bornes incluses, et de manière préférée entre 40 et 50° bornes incluses. 2. Pair of plates according to claim 1, wherein each groove (101, 102) is inclined at a non-zero and non-right angle a relative to one side of said central panel, the angle a is greater than or equal to 10 °, preferably is between 10 and 80° inclusive limits, and preferably between 30 and 70° inclusive limits, and preferably between 40 and 50° inclusive limits.
3. Paire de plaques selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle chaque rainure (102) de ladite deuxième plaque (B) est décalée par rapport à chaque rainure (101 ) de ladite première plaque (A) dans une direction perpendiculaire (DD) auxdites rainures (101 , 102) desdites première et deuxième plaques (A, B). 3. Pair of plates according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each groove (102) of said second plate (B) is offset relative to each groove (101) of said first plate (A) in a perpendicular direction (DD ) to said grooves (101, 102) of said first and second plates (A, B).
4. Paire de plaques selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle chaque panneau central de chaque plaque (A, B) comporte une pluralité de rainures (101 , 102) parallèles entre elles, et préférentiellement régulièrement espacées. 4. Pair of plates according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each central panel of each plate (A, B) comprises a plurality of grooves (101, 102) parallel to each other, and preferably regularly spaced.
5. Paire de plaques selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle l’espacement régulier (p) entre lesdites rainures (101 ) de ladite première plaque (A) est identique à l’espacement régulier (p) entre lesdites rainures (102) de ladite deuxième plaque (B). 5. Pair of plates according to claim 4, wherein the regular spacing (p) between said grooves (101) of said first plate (A) is identical to the regular spacing (p) between said grooves (102) of said second plate (B).
6. Paire de plaques selon les revendications 3 et 5, dans laquelle le décalage (s) dans la direction (DD) perpendiculaire auxdites rainures (101 , 102) a une distance comprise entre un tiers et deux tiers dudit espacement régulier (p), et vaut de préférence la moitié dudit espacement régulier (p). 6. Pair of plates according to claims 3 and 5, wherein the offset (s) in the direction (DD) perpendicular to said grooves (101, 102) has a distance between one third and two thirds of said regular spacing (p), and is preferably half of said regular spacing (p).
7. Paire de plaques selon l’une des revendications 4 à 6, dans laquelle l’espacement régulier (p) entre deux rainures successives est compris entre 10 et 80 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 20 et 60 mm bornes incluses. 7. Pair of plates according to one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the regular spacing (p) between two successive grooves is between 10 and 80 mm inclusive terminals, preferably between 20 and 60 mm inclusive terminals.
24 24
8. Paire de plaques selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle chaque rainure (101 , 102) a une section transversale dont la forme est choisie parmi un arc de cercle, un demi-cercle, un U, un V, une ellipse, une aile d’avion, un fer de lance, de préférence la forme est choisie parmi un arc de cercle et une aile d’avion. 8. Pair of plates according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each groove (101, 102) has a cross section whose shape is chosen from an arc of a circle, a semicircle, a U, a V, an ellipse , an airplane wing, a spearhead, preferably the shape is chosen from an arc of a circle and an airplane wing.
9. Paire de plaques selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la largeur (w) de chaque rainure (101 , 102) est comprise entre 4 et 30 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 6 et 25 mm bornes incluses. 9. Pair of plates according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the width (w) of each groove (101, 102) is between 4 and 30 mm inclusive terminals, preferably between 6 and 25 mm inclusive terminals.
10. Paire de plaques selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la hauteur (e) de saillie de chaque rainure est comprise entre 1 ,5 et 6 mm bornes incluses, de préférence entre 2 et 5 mm bornes incluses. 10. Pair of plates according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the height (e) of projection of each groove is between 1.5 and 6 mm inclusive terminals, preferably between 2 and 5 mm inclusive terminals.
11 . Paire de plaques selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle toutes les rainures (101 , 102) des première et deuxième plaques (A, B) possèdent la même section transversale, la même largeur (w) et la même hauteur (e) de saillie. 11 . Pair of plates according to one of the preceding claims, in which all the grooves (101, 102) of the first and second plates (A, B) have the same cross section, the same width (w) and the same height (e) of projection.
12. Paire de plaques selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ladite première plaque (A) et ladite deuxième plaque (B) sont reliées au moyen d’un ou deux panneau(x) de jonction agencé(s) sur un ou deux côté(s) d’un panneau central. 12. Pair of plates according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said first plate (A) and said second plate (B) are connected by means of one or two junction panel(s) arranged on one or two side(s) of a central panel.
13. Empilement de paires de plaques d’échangeur de chaleur comprenant au moins deux paires de plaques (A, B) selon l’une des revendications précédentes, lesdites paires de plaques (A, B) étant empilées de telle sorte que lesdites paires de plaques (A, B) successives soient espacées, dans lequel, pour deux paires de plaques successives désignées respectivement première paire de plaques et deuxième paire de plaques : a. Ladite première paire de plaques et ladite deuxième paire de plaques sont disposées parallèlement l’une à l’autre et en regard l’une de l’autre, l’espace (V) entre les plaques de chaque paire de plaques formant un canal pour l’écoulement d’un premier fluide (F1 ), b. L’espace (Z) entre ladite première paire de plaques et ladite deuxième paire de plaques forme un canal pour l’écoulement d’un deuxième fluide (F2), ladite deuxième paire de plaques étant préférentiellement identique à ladite première paire de plaques, ou étant une image en miroir de ladite première paire de plaques. 13. Stack of pairs of heat exchanger plates comprising at least two pairs of plates (A, B) according to one of the preceding claims, said pairs of plates (A, B) being stacked such that said pairs of successive plates (A, B) are spaced, wherein, for two pairs of successive plates designated respectively first pair of plates and second pair of plates: a. Said first pair of plates and said second pair of plates are arranged parallel to each other and facing each other, the space (V) between the plates of each pair of plates forming a channel for the flow of a first fluid (F1), b. The space (Z) between said first pair of plates and said second pair of plates forms a channel for the flow of a second fluid (F2), said second pair of plates being preferentially identical to said first pair of plates, or being a mirror image of said first pair of plates.
14. Empilement de paires de plaques selon la revendication 13, dans lequel ledit canal pour l’écoulement du deuxième fluide (F2) est perpendiculaire audit canal pour l’écoulement du premier fluide (F1 ). 14. Stack of pairs of plates according to claim 13, wherein said channel for the flow of the second fluid (F2) is perpendicular to said channel for the flow of the first fluid (F1).
15. Echangeur de chaleur à plaques comprenant des paires de plaques selon l’une des revendications 1 à 12 ou un empilement de paires de plaques selon l’une des revendications 13 ou 14, lesdites paires de plaques ou ledit empilement de paires de plaques étant disposés dans un châssis. Procédé de fabrication d’un empilement de paires de plaques selon l’une des revendications 13 ou 14, ou d’un échangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce qu’on met en oeuvre les étapes suivantes : a. On prépare au moins quatre plaques (A, B) comportant chacun un panneau central ; b. Pour une première moitié desdites plaques (A), on forme ladite au moins une rainure (101 ) dans le panneau central de chaque plaque, notamment par emboutissage ; c. Pour une deuxième moitié desdites plaques (B), on forme ladite au moins une rainure (102) dans le panneau central de chaque plaque, notamment par emboutissage ; d. On assemble au moins deux paires de plaques, pour chaque paire de plaques, on agence une première plaque (A) de ladite première moitié desdites plaques parallèlement à une deuxième plaque (B) de ladite deuxième moitié desdites plaques, de telle sorte que les rainures (101 , 102) soient parallèles et en saillie dans le volume interne (V) entre lesdites plaques (A, B), et éventuellement avec un décalage de chaque rainure (101 ) de la première plaque (A) par rapport à chaque rainure (102) de la deuxième plaque (B) selon une direction (DD) perpendiculaire auxdites rainures (101 , 102) ; et e. On empile lesdites au moins deux paires de plaques parallèlement et espacées les unes des autres. 15. Plate heat exchanger comprising pairs of plates according to one of claims 1 to 12 or a stack of pairs of plates according to one of claims 13 or 14, said pairs of plates or said stack of pairs of plates being arranged in a frame. Method of manufacturing a stack of pairs of plates according to one of Claims 13 or 14, or of a heat exchanger according to Claim 15, characterized in that the following steps are implemented: a. At least four plates (A, B) each comprising a central panel are prepared; b. For a first half of said plates (A), said at least one groove (101) is formed in the central panel of each plate, in particular by stamping; vs. For a second half of said plates (B), said at least one groove (102) is formed in the central panel of each plate, in particular by stamping; d. At least two pairs of plates are assembled, for each pair of plates, a first plate (A) of said first half of said plates is arranged parallel to a second plate (B) of said second half of said plates, such that the grooves (101, 102) are parallel and projecting into the internal volume (V) between said plates (A, B), and possibly with an offset of each groove (101) of the first plate (A) with respect to each groove ( 102) of the second plate (B) in a direction (DD) perpendicular to said grooves (101, 102); summer. Said at least two pairs of plates are stacked in parallel and spaced from each other.
PCT/EP2022/078118 2021-10-25 2022-10-10 Pair of heat-exchanger plates with grooves and recesses WO2023072571A1 (en)

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08105697A (en) * 1994-10-05 1996-04-23 Kajima Corp Heat exchanger
US20120267083A1 (en) * 2009-04-16 2012-10-25 Asia Vital Components Co., Ltd. Inclined waved board and heat exchanger thereof
WO2014109381A1 (en) * 2013-01-11 2014-07-17 フタバ産業株式会社 Heat exchanger
FR3003637A1 (en) 2013-03-21 2014-09-26 Nexson Group PLATE FOR THERMAL EXCHANGER AND THERMAL EXCHANGER INCORPORATING SUCH PLATE
EP2908080A1 (en) * 2014-02-13 2015-08-19 Ekocoil Oy Heat exchanger structure for reducing accumulation of liquid and freezing
EP2541141B1 (en) * 2011-07-01 2018-12-19 LASCO Heutechnik GmbH Mobile solid-fuel combustion device
FR3086742A1 (en) 2018-10-01 2020-04-03 Heurtey Petrochem S.A. PLATE FOR A PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER
WO2021190879A1 (en) 2020-03-26 2021-09-30 Axens Plate heat exchanger

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08105697A (en) * 1994-10-05 1996-04-23 Kajima Corp Heat exchanger
US20120267083A1 (en) * 2009-04-16 2012-10-25 Asia Vital Components Co., Ltd. Inclined waved board and heat exchanger thereof
EP2541141B1 (en) * 2011-07-01 2018-12-19 LASCO Heutechnik GmbH Mobile solid-fuel combustion device
WO2014109381A1 (en) * 2013-01-11 2014-07-17 フタバ産業株式会社 Heat exchanger
FR3003637A1 (en) 2013-03-21 2014-09-26 Nexson Group PLATE FOR THERMAL EXCHANGER AND THERMAL EXCHANGER INCORPORATING SUCH PLATE
EP2908080A1 (en) * 2014-02-13 2015-08-19 Ekocoil Oy Heat exchanger structure for reducing accumulation of liquid and freezing
FR3086742A1 (en) 2018-10-01 2020-04-03 Heurtey Petrochem S.A. PLATE FOR A PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER
WO2020069880A1 (en) 2018-10-01 2020-04-09 Axens Plate for a plate heat exchanger
WO2021190879A1 (en) 2020-03-26 2021-09-30 Axens Plate heat exchanger
FR3108714A1 (en) 2020-03-26 2021-10-01 Axens Plate heat exchanger

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FR3128520B1 (en) 2024-01-19
FR3128520A1 (en) 2023-04-28
KR20240095204A (en) 2024-06-25
CN118176401A (en) 2024-06-11

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