WO2023072501A1 - Composite panel with heat resistance layer - Google Patents

Composite panel with heat resistance layer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023072501A1
WO2023072501A1 PCT/EP2022/076604 EP2022076604W WO2023072501A1 WO 2023072501 A1 WO2023072501 A1 WO 2023072501A1 EP 2022076604 W EP2022076604 W EP 2022076604W WO 2023072501 A1 WO2023072501 A1 WO 2023072501A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pane
resistance layer
heating resistance
laminated
print
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/076604
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jefferson DO ROSARIO
Lisa SCHMADTKE
Stephan GILLESSEN
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Glass France filed Critical Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority to CN202280005050.1A priority Critical patent/CN116601023A/en
Publication of WO2023072501A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023072501A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10183—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer being not continuous, e.g. in edge regions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B32B17/10211—Doped dielectric layer, electrically conductive, e.g. SnO2:F
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
    • B32B17/10229—Metallic layers sandwiched by dielectric layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10247—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons
    • B32B17/10256—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons created by printing techniques
    • B32B17/10266—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons created by printing techniques on glass pane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
    • B32B17/10302—Edge sealing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
    • B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1044—Invariable transmission
    • B32B17/10449—Wavelength selective transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10935—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin as a preformed layer, e.g. formed by extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/28—Multiple coating on one surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/202—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/204—Di-electric
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/206—Insulating
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/402—Coloured
    • B32B2307/4023—Coloured on the layer surface, e.g. ink
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/41—Opaque
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    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laminated pane with a heating resistance layer, and to a laminated pane arrangement which includes such a laminated pane. It also relates to a vehicle with such a composite pane and a method for producing the composite pane.
  • Composite panes made of two or more glass or polymer panes are used in vehicles as windshields, rear windows, side windows and roof windows.
  • One or more functional coatings which have infrared-reflecting properties, anti-reflective properties or low-E properties can be arranged on individual sides of the panes.
  • the coatings can also be used as heatable, electrically conductive coatings. The heat generated by the coating can quickly remove condensed moisture, ice and snow.
  • Heatable and in particular transparent coatings usually comprise a plurality of metallic layers, in particular based on silver, which are applied alternately with dielectric layers. These coatings are electrically conductively connected to a voltage source, so that a heating current can flow through such a coating.
  • Silver-containing transparent coatings are known, for example, from WO2013/104439 A1 and WO2017/198362 A1.
  • DE 10022409 C1 discloses a method for producing a composite pane with a transparent anti-corrosion surface coating.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a further improved laminated pane with a heating resistance layer, in which the heating resistance layer is arranged on a surface of the first pane, in particular an outer pane.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a laminated pane with a heating resistance layer according to claim 1 . Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
  • the composite pane according to the invention comprises a first pane with a first surface (I) and a second surface (II), a second pane with a first surface (III) and a second surface (IV) and a thermoplastic intermediate layer which covers the second surface (II ) of the first disc connects to the first surface (III) of the second disc.
  • the laminated pane also comprises at least one heating resistance layer on the second surface (II) of the first pane, the heating resistance layer having at least two contact elements for electrically contacting the heating resistance layer.
  • the laminated pane comprises an opaque masking print on the second surface (II) of the first pane. As a result, the opaque cover print faces the thermoplastic intermediate layer. This protects the opaque cover print from external weather influences.
  • the laminated pane can be provided for separating the interior from the outside environment in a window opening, for example of a vehicle.
  • the first pane can correspond to an outer pane of the composite pane and the second pane to an inner pane of the composite pane.
  • the inner pane refers to the pane facing the interior.
  • the outer pane refers to the pane facing the outside environment.
  • the intermediate layer serves to connect the two panes.
  • the second surface (IV) of the second disc and the first surface (I) of the first disc face away from each other and from the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the first pane and the second pane are preferably made of glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass or soda-lime glass. In principle, however, they can also consist of plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.
  • the thickness of the panes can vary widely and can thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
  • the panes are preferably used with the standard thicknesses of 0.8 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 1.4 mm to 2.9 mm for vehicle glass, for example with the standard thicknesses of 1.6 mm or 2.1 mm.
  • the panes can be clear or tinted or colored.
  • care must be taken to ensure that the windshield has sufficient light transmission in the central viewing area, preferably at least 70% in the main viewing area A in accordance with ECE-R43.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer contains at least one thermoplastic polymer, preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB.
  • the intermediate layer is typically formed from a thermoplastic film.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer more preferably contains at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably at least 70% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight and for example at least 97% by weight, of polyvinyl butyral.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by one or more thermoplastic films arranged one on top of the other, the thickness of a thermoplastic film preferably being from 0.25 mm to 1 mm, typically 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.
  • the heating resistance layer is applied on the second surface (II) of the first pane.
  • the second surface of the first pane may be an inner side of the first pane facing the intermediate layer.
  • the heating resistance layer is used to heat the laminated pane, in particular its outer pane (first pane), during use.
  • a surface resistance of the heating resistance layer should be sufficient to achieve rapid heating of the laminated pane.
  • the heating resistance layer has a surface resistance of 0.3 ohms/square to 6 ohms/square, preferably 0.5 ohms/square to 5 ohms/square.
  • the heating resistance layer can be any electrically conductive coating that can be electrically contacted.
  • the heating resistance layer can consist of an electrically heatable single layer or consist of a layer sequence containing such a single layer.
  • the heating resistance layer is transparent.
  • the heating resistance layer is a sun protection coating, preferably with at least one electrically conductive layer based on a metal, in particular based on silver.
  • a sun protection coating has, in particular, reflective properties in the near infrared range, for example in the range from 800 nm to 1500 nm.
  • a sun protection coating has the task of filtering out portions of solar radiation, particularly in the infrared range.
  • a sun protection coating preferably comprises at least one thin transparent metallic layer which is embedded between at least one dielectric layer each.
  • Silver has established itself as the preferred metal for the metallic layer, since it has a relatively neutral color effect and also selectively reflects infrared radiation outside the visible range of solar radiation.
  • the purpose of the dielectric layers is to improve the optical properties of the coated pane via their refractive indices and to protect the metallic functional layer from oxidation.
  • Such sun protection layers which can be produced, for example, using the reactive sputtering process, are used on a large scale in glazing for buildings, but also in motor vehicles. In most cases, layer systems with two silver functional layers, but also three or four silver functional layers, are used because their efficiency, i.e. the reflection of the infrared radiation outside the visible range in relation to the transmission of the visible radiation, is greater.
  • Suitable sun protection coatings are known, for example, from WO2013/104439A1 and DE 19927683C1.
  • the electrically conductive coating is an emissivity-reducing coating.
  • the emissivity-reducing coating can also be referred to as a thermal radiation-reflecting coating, low-emissivity coating or LowE coating (low emissivity).
  • Such coatings are known, for example, from WO2013/131667A1.
  • the emissivity-reducing coating preferably contains at least one electrically conductive layer based on a transparent conductive oxide, which provides reflective properties with respect to thermal radiation.
  • the layer based on the transparent conductive oxide is also referred to below as a TCO layer.
  • TCO layers are corrosion resistant and can be used on exposed surfaces.
  • the TCO layer is preferably based on indium tin oxide (ITO, indium tin oxide), but can alternatively be based on indium zinc mixed oxide (IZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) , fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, SnO2:F) or antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO, SnO2:Sb).
  • the sun protection coatings or the emissivity-reducing coatings usually have dielectric layers which, for example, as anti-reflective layers are intended to increase light transmission, as adaptation layers are intended to improve the crystallinity of the electrically conductive layer, as smoothing layers are intended to improve the surface structure for the overlying layers or as blocker or barrier layers to prevent diffusion processes during temperature treatments.
  • dielectric layers include silicon nitride, titanium oxide, aluminum nitride, tin oxide, zinc oxide, tin-zinc composite oxide, and silicon oxide.
  • the solar control coatings and low-e coatings described above advantageously allow for improved temperature control, particularly in intense sunlight.
  • the electrically conductive coating is a transparent electrically conductive coating.
  • a coating is considered to be transparent if it has an average transmission in the visible spectral range of at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, and as a result does not significantly restrict the view through the glazing.
  • the heating resistance layer preferably has a thickness of 80 nm to 1000 nm [nanometers], particularly preferably 140 nm to 400 nm or 700 nm to 900 nm.
  • the heating resistance layer preferably covers the majority of the second surface (II) of the first pane.
  • the laminated pane has an opaque cover print, in particular in a peripheral edge area, as is customary in the vehicle sector, in particular for windshields, rear windows and roof windows.
  • the opaque masking print may be formed from an ink which has degrading properties towards the heating resistor layer.
  • the opaque masking print preferably contains at least one pigment and glass frits. It may contain other chemical compounds.
  • the glass frits can be melted on or on and the cover print can be permanently connected (fused or sintered) to the glass surface.
  • the pigment provides the opacity of the masking print.
  • Such masking prints are typically applied as an enamel.
  • the ink from which the opaque cover print is formed contains at least the pigment and glass frits suspended in a liquid phase (solvent), for example water or organic solvents such as alcohols.
  • a liquid phase for example water or organic solvents such as alcohols.
  • the pigment is typically a black pigment such as carbon black, aniline black, bone black, iron oxide black, spinel black and/or graphite.
  • the decomposing properties of the printing ink in relation to the heating resistance layer can be achieved by the suitable choice of the glass frits. These are preferably formed on the basis of bismuth zinc borate. In order to achieve the decomposing properties, the bismuth content and/or the boron content is preferably higher than in conventional glass frits.
  • the printing ink contains at least one pigment and glass frits based on bismuth zinc borate.
  • the covering print has a transition area in which the covering print is not arranged over the entire surface of the second surface (II) of the first pane (1).
  • the transition area is between the full-surface cover print and the central field of vision of the laminated pane.
  • the transition area can be at least partially translucent.
  • a transition area is preferably created which has increasing light transmission towards the center of the pane. This measure allows the contact elements to be optically laminated in a targeted manner while at the same time maintaining good conductivity properties.
  • At least one point-shaped and/or grid-shaped transition region is formed by the opaque covering print.
  • the full-area covering print preferably merges into a grid of dots in the direction from the peripheral edge to the center of the laminated pane.
  • the transition area can be designed as an arrangement, in particular a row, of dots and/or squares and/or as a grid of dots with dots of decreasing size.
  • the transition area is intended to conceal a contact element, in particular a busbar. In other words, the contact element is less visible in this area from the outside in the viewing direction. As a result, the laminated pane has a visually appealing appearance.
  • the opaque covering print can run at least in sections as a broken line in the transition region.
  • the at least one line formed by the linear opaque covering print can then advantageously be flexibly adapted to the respective installation situation.
  • the line-shaped, opaque covering print preferably has a thickness of 4 ⁇ m (micrometers) to 40 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 5 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
  • the heating resistance layer is electrically conductively connected to an external voltage source via the contact elements, the contact elements being formed from an electrically conductive imprint or an electrically conductive material, in particular an electrically conductive adhesive.
  • the contact elements can be designed as strip-shaped busbars, flat conductors, round conductors or stranded wires.
  • the contact elements can be electrically conductively connected to opposite poles of a voltage source to heat the pane. As a result, the laminated pane can be heated and thus kept fog-free.
  • busbars are preferably mounted on the heating resistance layer and electrically conductively connected to it, the busbars being designed as two strips, in particular running approximately parallel.
  • the length of a busbar depends on the extent of the heating resistance layer or the area to be heated.
  • the length of the bus bar is typically substantially equal to the length of the side edge of the heating resistor layer, but can be slightly less. In the case of busbars of this type, the longer of its dimensions is referred to as the length and the shorter of its dimensions is referred to as the width.
  • More than two busbars can also be arranged on the heating resistance layer, preferably in the edge area along two opposite side edges. If the busbars are arranged in the edge region, they can advantageously be electrically contacted from the edge of the pane in a simple manner.
  • a busbar can have a width of 0.1 mm to 30 mm, particularly preferably 8 mm to 17 mm.
  • the layer thickness of the bus bars can be 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, in particular 8 ⁇ m m to 20 m.
  • the busbars can be attached, for example, along opposite edges of the first pane, the busbars being formed from a printed and burned-in printing paste that preferably contains metallic particles, metal particles and/or carbon, in particular silver particles.
  • the bus bars can also be designed as strips of an electrically conductive film.
  • a busbar then contains, for example, at least aluminum, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten and/or tin or alloys thereof.
  • the strip preferably has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 30 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
  • the strip can be electrically conductively connected to the electrically conductive structure, for example via a soldering compound, via an electrically conductive adhesive or by direct application. These materials and their thicknesses are particularly advantageous with regard to the very good conductivity of the busbars.
  • the busbars can be transparent, semitransparent or opaque, preferably black. If the busbars are transparent or semi-transparent, then they are permeable to visible light. This achieves the technical advantage that the collector conductors on the pane cannot be seen, or can hardly be seen.
  • the bus bars which are in particular transparent, can be arranged completely on the heating resistance layer.
  • at least one bus bar can be arranged on the heating resistance layer and on the opaque cover print.
  • teeth can be formed at least in sections on an edge of a busbar.
  • the edge of the busbar can be at least partially trapezoidal, tooth-shaped, sawtooth-shaped or sinusoidal.
  • the bus bar has a toothed edge that has teeth and tooth spaces.
  • the teeth can preferably be distributed evenly over a side edge of the bus bar. This achieves a significant improvement in the form of rapid heating of the laminated pane.
  • a toothing saves material and thus costs at the same time and improves the conductivity of the bus bars.
  • the busbars are electrically contacted by one or more leads.
  • the supply line is preferably in the form of a flexible film conductor (flat conductor, ribbon conductor). This is understood to mean an electrical conductor whose width is significantly greater than its thickness.
  • a foil conductor is, for example, a strip or tape containing or consisting of copper, tinned copper, aluminum, silver, gold or alloys thereof.
  • the composite pane is preferably provided as a window pane, particularly preferably as a window pane of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, a building or a room.
  • the laminated pane is a windshield of a vehicle, in particular a passenger car.
  • the invention also includes a laminated pane arrangement, in particular a vehicle glazing unit with the laminated pane according to the invention, a voltage source for applying a heating current to the contact elements of the heating resistance layer.
  • the compound disk assembly may additionally provide a control unit (ECU) for controlling the power source.
  • the voltage source and the associated control unit can be components of a vehicle.
  • the invention also includes a vehicle, in particular a passenger car, with a laminated pane according to the invention.
  • the invention also includes a method for producing the composite pane according to the invention, wherein at least
  • a layer stack is produced from at least comprising in this order the first pane with the heating resistance layer and covering print, thermoplastic intermediate layer and second pane, and
  • the second surface (II) of the first pane is connected to the first surface (III) of the second pane via the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the first pane and the second pane are laminated together via the intermediate layer, for example by autoclave processes, vacuum bag processes, vacuum ring processes, calendering processes, vacuum laminators, or combinations thereof.
  • the connection of the first pane and the second pane usually takes place under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure.
  • the heating resistance layer can be applied by methods known per se, preferably by cathode sputtering supported by a magnetic field. This is particularly advantageous with regard to a simple, quick, inexpensive and uniform coating of the first pane.
  • an electrically conductive coating as a heating resistor layer can also be applied, for example, by vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD) or by wet-chemical methods.
  • the bus bars are preferably applied by printing and baking an electrically conductive paste in a screen printing process or in an inkjet process.
  • the bus bar can be applied to the electrically conductive coating as a strip of an electrically conductive film, preferably laid on, soldered on or glued on.
  • the lateral shape is created by masking the fabric through which the printing paste with the metal particles is pressed.
  • the width of the busbar can be predetermined and varied in a particularly simple manner.
  • FIG. 1a shows a cross section through a first embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention
  • FIG. 1b shows a cross section through a second embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention
  • FIG. 1c shows a cross section through a third embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention
  • FIG. 2a is a plan view of a first surface (I) of a first pane
  • FIG. 2b shows a plan view of a second surface (II) of the first pane from FIG. 2a
  • FIG. 3a is a plan view of a further embodiment of the first pane with an opaque transition area
  • FIG. 3b shows a plan view of a second surface (II) of the first pane from FIG. 3a
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged representation of the section from FIG. 3a
  • FIG. 5a shows a top view of a further first pane with toothed bus bars
  • FIG. 5b shows a top view of the second surface (II) of the first pane from FIG. 5a
  • FIG. 6a shows a top view of a further embodiment of the first pane with opaque
  • FIG. 6b shows a plan view of the second surface (II) of the first disc from FIG. 6a
  • FIG. 7 shows an enlarged representation of the section from FIG. 6a.
  • FIG. 1a shows a cross section through an embodiment of the composite pane 10 according to the invention with a heating resistance layer 4.
  • the composite pane 10 comprises a first pane 1 and a second pane 2, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 made of PVB.
  • the composite pane 10 can be provided as a windshield of a passenger car, with the first pane 1 as the outer pane facing the outside environment and the second pane 2 as the inner pane facing the vehicle interior.
  • the first disk 1 and the second disk 2 consist of, for example Soda Lime Glass.
  • the first pane 1 has a thickness of 2.1 mm, for example, and the second pane 2 has a thickness of 1.6 mm or 2.1 mm.
  • the first disc 1 has a first surface (I) and a second surface (II).
  • the second disk 2 has a first surface (III) and a second surface (IV).
  • the first surface (I) of the first pane 1 and the first surface (III) of the second pane 2 face the outside environment.
  • the second surface (II) of the first pane 1 and the second surface (IV) of the second pane face the vehicle interior.
  • the second surface (II) of the first disk 1 and the first surface (III) of the second disk 2 face each other.
  • the laminated pane 10 has an upper edge and a lower edge, with the upper edge corresponding to the roof edge and the lower edge corresponding to the motor edge of the windshield in the configuration as a windshield. In the installed position, the lower edge of the laminated pane 10 is arranged downwards in the direction of the engine of a passenger car.
  • the heating resistance layer 4 is arranged on the second surface (II) of the first pane 1 .
  • the heating resistance layer 4 extends over the entire second surface (II) of the first pane 1, minus a peripheral, frame-shaped, coating-free area with a width of, for example, 10 mm.
  • the heating resistance layer 4 comprises, for example, one, two or three layers of silver.
  • the laminated pane 10 has an opaque cover print 11 on a peripheral edge area 12.
  • the edge area 12 runs around the heating resistance layer 4 in the shape of a frame. It has a width of approx. 10 mm.
  • the masking print 11 is arranged on the second surface (II) of the first pane 1 .
  • the masking print 11 can have a width of 10 mm. It extends essentially in the edge area 12.
  • the covering print 11 is also arranged on the second surface (IV) of the second pane 2.
  • FIG. There, the covering print 11 can have a width that is greater than 10 mm.
  • the opaque masking print 11 is formed from a printing ink which has decomposing properties with respect to the heating resistance layer 4 .
  • the opaque cover print 11 preferably contains at least one pigment and glass frits.
  • a bus bar 7.1 is arranged as a contact element 7 on the heating resistance layer 4.
  • the busbar 7.1 is made of an electrically conductive material that is transparent.
  • the first bus bar 7.1 is arranged essentially parallel to a side edge of the laminated pane 10.
  • the first bus bar 7.1 has a width of 8 mm.
  • FIG. 1b shows a cross section through a second embodiment of the laminated pane 10 according to the invention. The structure of the laminated pane 10 corresponds to that of FIG.
  • the busbar 7.1 has a width that is greater than 10 mm.
  • FIG. 1c shows a cross section through a third embodiment of the composite pane 10 according to the invention.
  • the structure of the composite pane 10 corresponds to that of FIG. 1b, with the covering print 11 having a transition region 12.1.
  • the transition area 12.1 is an area of the covering print 11 in which the covering print 11 is not arranged over the entire area on the second surface (II) of the first pane 1.
  • the transition region 12.1 is punctiform.
  • the transition area 12.1 can be designed in the form of a grid or as an arrangement, in particular a row, of points and/or squares.
  • the transition area 12.1 is intended to optically conceal the first busbar 7.1. In other words, the bus bar 7.1 is less visible in this area from the outside in the viewing direction. As a result, the laminated pane 10 has a visually appealing appearance.
  • FIG. 2a shows a plan view of the first surface (I) of the first pane 1, the structure of the composite pane 10 corresponding to that of FIG. 1b.
  • the contact elements 7 are designed as strip-shaped bus bars 7.1.
  • the busbars 7.1 can be electrically conductively connected to a voltage source in order to heat the laminated pane 10. As a result, the first pane 1 can be heated and thus kept free of fogging.
  • Two busbars 7.1 are partially attached to the heating resistance layer 4 and are electrically conductively connected to it.
  • the busbars 7.1 are designed as two strips, in particular running approximately parallel.
  • the two busbars 7.1 are arranged on two opposite sides in such a way that a current flows through the heating resistance layer 4 when an electrical voltage is applied to the busbars 7.1.
  • the length of the bus bar 7.1 depends on the expansion of the heating resistance layer 4 or the area to be heated. In this embodiment, the length of the bus bars 7.1 is equal to the length of the side edge of the heating resistance layer 4, but it can also be slightly smaller. In the case of busbars 7.1 of this type, the longer of its dimensions is referred to as the length and the shorter of its dimensions is referred to as the width.
  • the two busbars 7.1 are arranged on the heating resistance layer 4 and on the cover print 11 at least partially in the edge area along two opposite side edges (for example lower edge and upper edge or right and left).
  • the bus bars 7.1 can also each have a width of 8 mm to 17 mm.
  • the layer thickness of the bus bars 7.1 can be 8 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the busbars 7.1 are attached along opposite edges of the first pane 1, the busbars 7.1 being formed from a printed and burned-in printing paste that preferably contains metallic particles, metal particles and/or carbon, in particular silver particles.
  • the bus bars 7.1 can also be designed as strips of an electrically conductive foil.
  • the bus bars 7.1 can be electrically conductively connected to the heating resistance layer 4, for example via a soldering compound, via an electrically conductive adhesive or by direct application.
  • FIG. 2b shows a plan view of the second surface (II) of the first pane 1 from FIG. 2a.
  • the busbars 7.1 are in the form of strips.
  • the two busbars 7.1 are arranged along two opposite side edges.
  • the busbars 7.1 are at least partially arranged in the edge area 12.
  • a respective busbar 7.1 is arranged on the heating resistance layer 4 and on the opaque covering print 11, so that the respective busbar 7.1 has contact with the heating resistance layer 4 and the opaque covering print 11.
  • FIG. 3a shows a top view of a further embodiment of the first pane 1, the structure of the composite pane 10 corresponding to that of FIG. 2a.
  • the opaque cover print 11 has a transition area 12.1, which has increasing light transmission towards the center of the pane.
  • the transition area 12.1 is designed as an arrangement, in particular a row, of points 12.2.
  • the opaque cover print 11 and the dots 12.2 are formed from a printing ink which has decomposing properties in relation to the heating resistance layer 4.
  • the points 12.2 can have different sizes.
  • the masking print 11 and the dots 12.2 are arranged on the second surface (II) of the first pane 1.
  • FIG. 3b shows a plan view of the second surface (II) of the first pane 1 from FIG. 3a.
  • the bus bars 7.1 cover the points 12.2 and at least partially the cover print 11.
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of detail Z from FIG. 3a. The arrangement of two rows of points 12.2 can be clearly seen. The dots have different sizes.
  • the arrangement of points 12.2 form the transition area 12.1 in the edge area 12 of the laminated pane 10.
  • the covering print 11 and the points 12.2 are arranged on the second surface (II) of the first pane 1.
  • FIG. 5a shows a plan view of a further embodiment of the first pane 1.
  • the plan view is directed towards the first surface (I) of the first pane 1.
  • teeth 7.2 are formed on an edge of each busbar 7.1.
  • the teeth 7.2 are evenly distributed over the edge of the bus bar 7.1.
  • FIG. 5b shows a plan view of the second surface (II) of the first pane 1 from FIG. 5a with busbars 7.1, which at least partially have a tooth-shaped edge.
  • the teeth 7.2 of the tooth-shaped rim point towards the center of the disc.
  • FIG. 6a shows a top view of a further embodiment of the first pane 1.
  • FIG. The first pane 1 has toothed busbars 7.1 with an opaque transition area 12.1.
  • the transition area 12.1 has an increasing transparency toward the center of the pane.
  • the transition area 12.1 is designed as an arrangement of points 12.2 arranged in two rows.
  • the opaque cover print 11 and the dots 12.2 are formed from the same printing ink, which has decomposing properties in relation to the heating resistance layer 4.
  • FIG. 6b shows a plan view of the second surface (II) of the first pane 1 from FIG. 6a.
  • FIG. 7 shows an enlarged view of detail Z′ from FIG. 6a.
  • the arrangement of two rows of points 12.2 can be clearly seen.
  • the points 12.2 have different sizes.
  • the arrangement of points 12.2 forms the transition area 12.1 in the edge area 12 of the laminated pane 10.
  • the covering print 11 and the points 12.2 are arranged on the second surface (II) of the first pane 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite panel (10) comprising a first panel (1) with a first surface (I) and a second surface (II), a second panel (2) with a first surface (III) and a second surface (IV), and a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) which connects the second surface (II) of the first panel (1) to the first surface (III) of the second panel (2), wherein at least one heat resistance layer (4) is arranged on the second surface (II) of the first panel (1), the heat resistance layer (4) has at least two contact elements (7) for electrically contacting the heat resistance layer (4), and an opaque covering print (11) is arranged on the second surface (II) of the first panel (1).

Description

Verbundscheibe mit Heizwiderstandsschicht Composite pane with heating resistance layer
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbundscheibe mit einer Heizwiderstandsschicht, sowie eine Verbundscheibenanordnung, die eine solche Verbundscheibe umfasst. Sie betrifft des Weiteren ein Fahrzeug mit einer solchen Verbundscheibe und ein Verfahren zu Herstellung der Verbundscheibe. The invention relates to a laminated pane with a heating resistance layer, and to a laminated pane arrangement which includes such a laminated pane. It also relates to a vehicle with such a composite pane and a method for producing the composite pane.
Verbundscheiben aus zwei oder mehreren gläsernen oder polymeren Scheiben werden in Fahrzeugen als Windschutzscheiben, Heckscheiben, Seitenscheiben und Dachscheiben eingesetzt. Auf einzelnen Seiten der Scheiben kann eine oder mehrere funktionelle Beschichtung angeordnet sein, die infrarotreflektierende Eigenschaften, antireflex- Eigenschaften oder Low-E-Eigenschaften aufweisen. Die Beschichtungen können aber auch als beheizbare elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtungen verwendet werden. Durch die von der Beschichtung erzeugten Wärme können binnen kurzer Zeit kondensierte Feuchtigkeit, Eis und Schnee entfernt werden. Beheizbare und insbesondere transparente Beschichtungen umfassen üblicherweise mehrere metallische Schichten, insbesondere auf Basis von Silber, die alternierend mit dielektrischen Schichten aufgebracht sind. Diese Beschichtungen sind mit einer Spannungsquelle elektrisch leitend verbunden, so dass ein Heizstrom durch eine solche Beschichtung fließen kann. Da diese Schichten korrosionsanfällig sind, ist es üblich, sie auf einer der Zwischenschicht zugewandten Oberfläche der Innenscheibe oder Außenscheibe aufzubringen, so dass sie keinen Kontakt zur Atmosphäre haben. Silberhaltige transparente Beschichtungen sind beispielsweise aus WO2013/104439 A1 und WO2017/198362 A1. Composite panes made of two or more glass or polymer panes are used in vehicles as windshields, rear windows, side windows and roof windows. One or more functional coatings which have infrared-reflecting properties, anti-reflective properties or low-E properties can be arranged on individual sides of the panes. However, the coatings can also be used as heatable, electrically conductive coatings. The heat generated by the coating can quickly remove condensed moisture, ice and snow. Heatable and in particular transparent coatings usually comprise a plurality of metallic layers, in particular based on silver, which are applied alternately with dielectric layers. These coatings are electrically conductively connected to a voltage source, so that a heating current can flow through such a coating. Since these layers are susceptible to corrosion, it is customary to apply them to a surface of the inner pane or outer pane facing the intermediate layer, so that they are not in contact with the atmosphere. Silver-containing transparent coatings are known, for example, from WO2013/104439 A1 and WO2017/198362 A1.
DE 20 2021 101 982 U1 offenbart eine Verbundscheibe mit einer Sonnenschutzbeschichtung auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche der Außenscheibe und einem opaken Abdeckdruck im Randbereich der Verbundscheibe. DE 20 2021 101 982 U1 discloses a laminated pane with a sun protection coating on the interior surface of the outer pane and an opaque covering print in the edge area of the laminated pane.
DE 10022409 C1 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbundscheibe mit einer transparenten korrosionsgeschützten Flächenbeschichtung. DE 10022409 C1 discloses a method for producing a composite pane with a transparent anti-corrosion surface coating.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, eine weitere verbesserte Verbundscheibe mit einer Heizwiderstandsschicht bereitzustellen, bei der die Heizwiderstandsschicht auf einer Oberfläche der ersten Scheibe, insbesondere einer Außenscheibe, angeordnet ist. Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Verbundscheibe mit einer Heizwiderstandsschicht gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungen gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor. The object of the present invention is to provide a further improved laminated pane with a heating resistance layer, in which the heating resistance layer is arranged on a surface of the first pane, in particular an outer pane. The object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a laminated pane with a heating resistance layer according to claim 1 . Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe umfasst eine erste Scheibe mit einer ersten Oberfläche (I) und einer zweiten Oberfläche (II), eine zweite Scheibe mit einer ersten Oberfläche (III) und einer zweiten Oberfläche (IV) und einer thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht, welche die zweite Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe mit der ersten Oberfläche (III) der zweiten Scheibe verbindet. Die Verbundscheibe umfasst auch mindestens eine Heizwiderstandsschicht auf der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe, wobei die Heizwiderstandsschicht mindestens zwei Kontaktelemente zur elektrischen Kontaktierung der Heizwiderstandsschicht aufweist. Ferner umfasst die Verbundscheibe einen opaken Abdeckdruck auf der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe. Dadurch ist der opake Abdeckdruck der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht zugewandt. Der opake Abdeckdruck wird dadurch vor äußeren Witterungseinflüssen geschützt. The composite pane according to the invention comprises a first pane with a first surface (I) and a second surface (II), a second pane with a first surface (III) and a second surface (IV) and a thermoplastic intermediate layer which covers the second surface (II ) of the first disc connects to the first surface (III) of the second disc. The laminated pane also comprises at least one heating resistance layer on the second surface (II) of the first pane, the heating resistance layer having at least two contact elements for electrically contacting the heating resistance layer. Furthermore, the laminated pane comprises an opaque masking print on the second surface (II) of the first pane. As a result, the opaque cover print faces the thermoplastic intermediate layer. This protects the opaque cover print from external weather influences.
Überraschend hat sich gezeigt, dass eine solche erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe gegenüber den bisher bekannten Windschutzscheiben deutlich verbesserte Heizleistung erzielt. Eine Anordnung der Heizwiderstandsschicht nahe der ersten Scheibe ist vorteilhaft hinsichtlich einer besonders schnellen Aufheizung der Scheibe. Surprisingly, it has been shown that such a composite pane according to the invention achieves a significantly improved heating output compared to the previously known windshields. An arrangement of the heating resistance layer close to the first pane is advantageous with regard to a particularly rapid heating of the pane.
Die Verbundscheibe kann dafür vorgesehen sein, in einer Fensteröffnung beispielsweise eines Fahrzeugs den Innenraum gegenüber der äußeren Umgebung abzutrennen. Dabei kann die erste Scheibe einer Außenscheibe der Verbundscheibe und die zweite Scheibe einer Innenscheibe der Verbundscheibe entsprechen. Mit Innenscheibe wird im Sinne der Erfindung die dem Innenraum zugewandte Scheibe bezeichnet. Mit Außenscheibe wird die der äußeren Umgebung zugewandte Scheibe bezeichnet. Die Zwischenschicht dient der Verbindung der beiden Scheiben. The laminated pane can be provided for separating the interior from the outside environment in a window opening, for example of a vehicle. The first pane can correspond to an outer pane of the composite pane and the second pane to an inner pane of the composite pane. In the context of the invention, the inner pane refers to the pane facing the interior. The outer pane refers to the pane facing the outside environment. The intermediate layer serves to connect the two panes.
Die erste Oberfläche (III) der zweiten Scheibe (Innenscheibe) und die zweite Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe (Außenscheibe) sind einander zugewandt und über die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht miteinander verbunden. Die zweite Oberfläche (IV) der zweiten Scheibe und die erste Oberfläche (I) der ersten Scheibe sind voneinander und von der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht abgewandt. The first surface (III) of the second pane (inner pane) and the second surface (II) of the first pane (outer pane) face each other and are connected to one another via the thermoplastic intermediate layer. The second surface (IV) of the second disc and the first surface (I) of the first disc face away from each other and from the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
Die erste Scheibe und die zweite Scheibe sind bevorzugt aus Glas, besonders bevorzugt Flachglas, Floatglas, Quarzglas, Borosilikatglas oder Kalk-Natron-Glas gefertigt. Grundsätzlich können sie aber auch aus Kunststoffen, vorzugsweise starre klare Kunststoffe, insbesondere Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polycarbonat, Polymethylmethacrylat, Polystyrol, Polyamid, Polyester, Polyvinylchlorid und/oder Gemische davon, bestehen. Die Dicke der Scheiben kann breit variieren und so hervorragend den Erfordernissen des Einzelfalls angepasst werden. Vorzugsweise werden die Scheiben mit den Standardstärken von 0,8 mm bis 5 mm, bevorzugt von 1 ,4 mm bis 2,9 mm für Fahrzeugglas verwendet, beispielsweise mit den Standarddicken 1 ,6 mm oder 2,1 mm. Die Scheiben können klar sein oder auch getönt oder gefärbt. Beim Einsatz der Verbundscheibe als Windschutzscheibe in PKW ist darauf zu achten, dass die Windschutzscheibe im zentralen Sichtbereich eine ausreichende Lichttransmission aufweist, bevorzugt mindestens 70 % im Hauptdurchsichtbereich A gemäß ECE-R43. The first pane and the second pane are preferably made of glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass or soda-lime glass. In principle, however, they can also consist of plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof. The thickness of the panes can vary widely and can thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case. The panes are preferably used with the standard thicknesses of 0.8 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 1.4 mm to 2.9 mm for vehicle glass, for example with the standard thicknesses of 1.6 mm or 2.1 mm. The panes can be clear or tinted or colored. When using the laminated pane as a windshield in a car, care must be taken to ensure that the windshield has sufficient light transmission in the central viewing area, preferably at least 70% in the main viewing area A in accordance with ECE-R43.
Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht enthält zumindest ein thermoplastisches Polymer, bevorzugt Ethylenvinylacetat (EVA), Polyvinylbutyral (PVB) oder Polyurethan (PU) oder Gemische oder Copolymere oder Derivate davon, besonders bevorzugt PVB. Die Zwischenschicht ist typischerweise aus einer thermoplastischen Folie ausgebildet. Weiter bevorzugt enthält die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht mindestens 60 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 70 Gew.-%, insbesondere mindestens 90 Gew.-% und beispielsweise mindestens 97 Gew.-% Polyvinylbutyral. The thermoplastic intermediate layer contains at least one thermoplastic polymer, preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB. The intermediate layer is typically formed from a thermoplastic film. The thermoplastic intermediate layer more preferably contains at least 60% by weight, particularly preferably at least 70% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight and for example at least 97% by weight, of polyvinyl butyral.
Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht kann durch eine oder mehrere übereinander angeordnete thermoplastische Folien ausgebildet werden, wobei die Dicke einer thermoplastischen Folie bevorzugt von 0,25 mm bis 1 mm beträgt, typischerweise 0,38 mm oder 0,76 mm. The thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by one or more thermoplastic films arranged one on top of the other, the thickness of a thermoplastic film preferably being from 0.25 mm to 1 mm, typically 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.
Die Heizwiderstandsschicht ist auf der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe aufgebracht. Die zweite Oberfläche der ersten Scheibe kann eine Innenseite der ersten Scheibe sein, die der Zwischenschicht zugewandt ist. Die Heizwiderstandsschicht wird dazu benutzt, im Gebrauch die Verbundscheibe, insbesondere ihre Außenscheibe (erste Scheibe) zu erwärmen. Ein Flächenwiderstand der Heizwiderstandsschicht sollte ausreichend zur Erreichung einer schnellen Erwärmung der Verbundscheibe sein. Dazu weist die Heizwiderstandsschicht einen Flächenwiderstand von 0,3 Ohm/Quadrat bis 6 Ohm/Quadrat, bevorzugt 0,5 Ohm/Quadrat bis 5 Ohm/Quadrat, auf. The heating resistance layer is applied on the second surface (II) of the first pane. The second surface of the first pane may be an inner side of the first pane facing the intermediate layer. The heating resistance layer is used to heat the laminated pane, in particular its outer pane (first pane), during use. A surface resistance of the heating resistance layer should be sufficient to achieve rapid heating of the laminated pane. For this purpose, the heating resistance layer has a surface resistance of 0.3 ohms/square to 6 ohms/square, preferably 0.5 ohms/square to 5 ohms/square.
Die Heizwiderstandsschicht kann prinzipiell jede elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung sein, die elektrisch kontaktiert werden kann. Die Heizwiderstandsschicht kann aus einer elektrisch heizbaren Einzelschicht oder aus einer solche Einzelschicht enthaltenden Schichtfolge bestehen. Die Heizwiderstandsschicht ist insbesondere transparent. Die Heizwiderstandsschicht ist in einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung eine Sonnenschutzbeschichtung, mit bevorzugt mindestens einer elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht auf Basis eines Metalls, insbesondere auf Basis von Silber. Eine solche Sonnenschutzbeschichtung hat insbesondere reflektierende Eigenschaften im nahen Infrarotbereich, beispielsweise im Bereich von 800 nm bis 1500 nm. In principle, the heating resistance layer can be any electrically conductive coating that can be electrically contacted. The heating resistance layer can consist of an electrically heatable single layer or consist of a layer sequence containing such a single layer. In particular, the heating resistance layer is transparent. In one embodiment of the invention, the heating resistance layer is a sun protection coating, preferably with at least one electrically conductive layer based on a metal, in particular based on silver. Such a sun protection coating has, in particular, reflective properties in the near infrared range, for example in the range from 800 nm to 1500 nm.
Eine Sonnenschutzbeschichtung hat die Aufgabe, Anteile der Sonnenstrahlung insbesondere im Infrarotbereich herauszufiltern. Eine Sonnenschutzbeschichtung umfasst vorzugsweise mindestens eine dünne transparente metallische Schicht, die zwischen mindestens je einer dielektrischen Schicht eingebettet ist. Als bevorzugtes Metall für die metallische Schicht hat sich Silber durchgesetzt, da es sowohl eine relativ neutrale Farbwirkung besitzt als auch die Infrarotstrahlung außerhalb des sichtbaren Bereiches der Sonnenstrahlung selektiv reflektiert. Die dielektrischen Schichten haben die Aufgabe, über ihre Brechungsindices die optischen Eigenschaften der beschichteten Scheibe zu verbessern und die metallische Funktionsschicht vor Oxidation zu schützen. Solche Sonnenschutzschichten, die beispielsweise mit dem Verfahren des reaktiven Sputterns hergestellt werden können, werden in großem Umfang in Verglasungen für Gebäude, aber auch schon in Kraftfahrzeugen eingesetzt. In den meisten Fällen werden Schichtsysteme mit zwei Silberfunktionsschichten, aber auch drei oder vier Silberfunktionsschichten verwendet, da deren Wirkungsgrad, d.h. die Reflexion der Infrarotstrahlung außerhalb des sichtbaren Bereiches im Verhältnis zu Transmission der sichtbaren Strahlung, größer ist. A sun protection coating has the task of filtering out portions of solar radiation, particularly in the infrared range. A sun protection coating preferably comprises at least one thin transparent metallic layer which is embedded between at least one dielectric layer each. Silver has established itself as the preferred metal for the metallic layer, since it has a relatively neutral color effect and also selectively reflects infrared radiation outside the visible range of solar radiation. The purpose of the dielectric layers is to improve the optical properties of the coated pane via their refractive indices and to protect the metallic functional layer from oxidation. Such sun protection layers, which can be produced, for example, using the reactive sputtering process, are used on a large scale in glazing for buildings, but also in motor vehicles. In most cases, layer systems with two silver functional layers, but also three or four silver functional layers, are used because their efficiency, i.e. the reflection of the infrared radiation outside the visible range in relation to the transmission of the visible radiation, is greater.
Geeignete Sonnenschutzbeschichtungen sind beispielsweise aus der WO2013/104439A1 sowie der DE 19927683C1 bekannt. Suitable sun protection coatings are known, for example, from WO2013/104439A1 and DE 19927683C1.
Die elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung ist in einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung eine emissivitätsmindernde Beschichtung. Die emissivitätsmindernde Beschichtung kann auch als Wärmestrahlung reflektierende Beschichtung, Beschichtung niedriger Emissivität oder LowE- Beschichtung (low emissivity) bezeichnet werden. Solche Beschichtungen sind beispielsweise aus der WO2013/131667A1 bekannt. In a further embodiment of the invention, the electrically conductive coating is an emissivity-reducing coating. The emissivity-reducing coating can also be referred to as a thermal radiation-reflecting coating, low-emissivity coating or LowE coating (low emissivity). Such coatings are known, for example, from WO2013/131667A1.
Die emissivitätsmindernde Beschichtung enthält bevorzugt zumindest eine elektrisch leitfähige Schicht auf Basis eines transparenten leitfähigen Oxids, welche reflektierenden Eigenschaften gegenüber Wärmestrahlung bereitstellt. Die Schicht auf Basis des transparenten leitfähigen Oxids wird im Folgenden auch als TCO-Schicht bezeichnet. TCO-Schichten sind korrosionsbeständig und können auf exponierten Oberflächen eingesetzt werden. Die TCO- Schicht ist bevorzugt auf Basis von Indium-Zinnoxid (ITO, indium tin oxide) ausgebildet, kann aber beispielsweise alternativ auf Basis von Indium-Zink-Mischoxid (IZO), Aluminiumdotiertem Zinkoxid (AZO), Gallium-dotiertem Zinkoxid (GZO), Fluor-dotiertem Zinnoxid (FTO, SnO2:F) oder Antimon-dotiertem Zinnoxid (ATO, SnO2:Sb) ausgebildet sein. The emissivity-reducing coating preferably contains at least one electrically conductive layer based on a transparent conductive oxide, which provides reflective properties with respect to thermal radiation. The layer based on the transparent conductive oxide is also referred to below as a TCO layer. TCO layers are corrosion resistant and can be used on exposed surfaces. The TCO layer is preferably based on indium tin oxide (ITO, indium tin oxide), but can alternatively be based on indium zinc mixed oxide (IZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) , fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, SnO2:F) or antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO, SnO2:Sb).
Neben der mindestens einen elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht weisen die Sonnenschutzbeschichtungen beziehungsweise die emissivitätsmindernde Beschichtungen üblicherweise dielektrische Schichten auf, die beispielsweise als Entspiegelungsschichten die Lichttransmission erhöhen sollen, als Anpassungsschichten die Kristallinität der elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht verbessern sollen, als Glättungsschichten die Oberflächenstruktur für die darüber liegenden Schichten verbessern sollen oder als Blocker- oder Barriereschichten Diffusionsprozesse während Temperaturbehandlungen verhindern sollen. Übliche Materialien für die dielektrischen Schichten umfassen Siliziumnitrid, Titanoxid, Aluminiumnitrid, Zinnoxid, Zinkoxid, Zinn-Zink-Mischoxid und Siliziumoxid. In addition to the at least one electrically conductive layer, the sun protection coatings or the emissivity-reducing coatings usually have dielectric layers which, for example, as anti-reflective layers are intended to increase light transmission, as adaptation layers are intended to improve the crystallinity of the electrically conductive layer, as smoothing layers are intended to improve the surface structure for the overlying layers or as blocker or barrier layers to prevent diffusion processes during temperature treatments. Common materials for the dielectric layers include silicon nitride, titanium oxide, aluminum nitride, tin oxide, zinc oxide, tin-zinc composite oxide, and silicon oxide.
Die vorstehend beschriebenen Sonnenschutzbeschichtungen und Low-E- Beschichtungen ermöglichen vorteilhafterweise eine verbesserte Temperaturkontrolle, insbesondere bei intensiver Sonneneinstrahlung. The solar control coatings and low-e coatings described above advantageously allow for improved temperature control, particularly in intense sunlight.
In einer Ausgestaltung handelt es sich bei der elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung um eine transparente elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung. In one configuration, the electrically conductive coating is a transparent electrically conductive coating.
Eine Beschichtung gilt im Sinne der Erfindung als transparent, wenn sie eine mittlere Transmission im sichtbaren Spektralbereich von mindestens 70 %, bevorzugt mindestens 75 % aufweist und dadurch die Durchsicht durch die Verglasung nicht wesentlich einschränkt. For the purposes of the invention, a coating is considered to be transparent if it has an average transmission in the visible spectral range of at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, and as a result does not significantly restrict the view through the glazing.
Die Heizwiderstandsschicht weist bevorzugt eine Dicke von 80 nm bis 1000 nm [Nanometer], besonders bevorzugt von 140 nm bis 400 nm oder von 700 nm bis 900 nm, auf. Bevorzugt bedeckt die Heizwiderstandsschicht den überwiegenden Teil der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe. The heating resistance layer preferably has a thickness of 80 nm to 1000 nm [nanometers], particularly preferably 140 nm to 400 nm or 700 nm to 900 nm. The heating resistance layer preferably covers the majority of the second surface (II) of the first pane.
Der Verbundscheibe weist einen opaken Abdeckdruck auf, insbesondere in einem umlaufenden Randbereich, wie es im Fahrzeugbereich insbesondere für Windschutzscheiben, Heckscheiben und Dachscheiben üblich ist. Der opake Abdeckdruck kann aus einer Druckfarbe ausgebildet sein, welche zersetzende Eigenschaften gegenüber der Heizwiderstandsschicht aufweist. Der opake Abdeckdruck enthält bevorzugt zumindest ein Pigment und Glasfritten. Er kann weitere chemische Verbindungen enthalten. Die Glasfritten können an- oder aufgeschmolzen und der Abdeckdruck dadurch dauerhaft mit der Glasoberfläche verbunden (verschmolzen oder versintert) werden. Das Pigment sorgt für die Opazität des Abdeckdrucks. Solche Abdeckdrucke werden typischerweise als Emaille aufgebracht. The laminated pane has an opaque cover print, in particular in a peripheral edge area, as is customary in the vehicle sector, in particular for windshields, rear windows and roof windows. The opaque masking print may be formed from an ink which has degrading properties towards the heating resistor layer. The opaque masking print preferably contains at least one pigment and glass frits. It may contain other chemical compounds. The glass frits can be melted on or on and the cover print can be permanently connected (fused or sintered) to the glass surface. The pigment provides the opacity of the masking print. Such masking prints are typically applied as an enamel.
Die Druckfarbe, aus der der opake Abdeckdruck gebildet ist, enthält mindestens das Pigment und die Glasfritten, suspendiert in einer flüssigen Phase (Lösungsmittel), beispielsweise Wasser oder organische Lösungsmittel wie Alkohole. Das Pigment ist typischerweise ein Schwarzpigment, beispielsweise Pigmentruß (Carbon Black), Anilinschwarz, Beinschwarz, Eisenoxidschwarz, Spinellschwarz und/oder Graphit. The ink from which the opaque cover print is formed contains at least the pigment and glass frits suspended in a liquid phase (solvent), for example water or organic solvents such as alcohols. The pigment is typically a black pigment such as carbon black, aniline black, bone black, iron oxide black, spinel black and/or graphite.
Die zersetzenden Eigenschaften der Druckfarbe gegenüber der Heizwiderstandsschicht können durch die geeignete Wahl der Glasfritten erreicht werden. Diese sind bevorzugt auf Basis von Wismut-Zink-Borat ausgebildet. Um die zersetzenden Eigenschaften zu erreichen, ist der Wismut-Anteil und/oder der Bor-Anteil bevorzugt höher als bei herkömmlichen Glasfritten. The decomposing properties of the printing ink in relation to the heating resistance layer can be achieved by the suitable choice of the glass frits. These are preferably formed on the basis of bismuth zinc borate. In order to achieve the decomposing properties, the bismuth content and/or the boron content is preferably higher than in conventional glass frits.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält die Druckfarbe zumindest ein Pigment und auf Basis von Wismut-Zink-Borat ausgebildete Glasfritten. In a preferred embodiment, the printing ink contains at least one pigment and glass frits based on bismuth zinc borate.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist der Abdeckdruck einen Übergangsbereich auf, in dem der Abdeckdruck nicht vollflächig auf der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe (1) angeordnet ist. Der Übergangsbereich befindet sich zwischen dem vollflächigen Abdeckdruck und dem zentralen Sichtfeld der Verbundscheibe. Der Übergangsbereich kann zumindest teilweise lichtdurchlässig sein. Bevorzugt wird ein Übergangsbereich geschaffen, der zur Scheibenmitte hin eine zunehmende Lichtdurchlässigkeit aufweist. Durch diese Maßnahme können die Kontaktelemente gezielt optisch kaschiert werden bei gleichzeitiger Beibehaltung guter Leitfähigkeitseigenschaft. In an advantageous embodiment, the covering print has a transition area in which the covering print is not arranged over the entire surface of the second surface (II) of the first pane (1). The transition area is between the full-surface cover print and the central field of vision of the laminated pane. The transition area can be at least partially translucent. A transition area is preferably created which has increasing light transmission towards the center of the pane. This measure allows the contact elements to be optically laminated in a targeted manner while at the same time maintaining good conductivity properties.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist durch den opaken Abdeckdruck mindestens ein punktförmiger und/oder rasterförmiger Übergangsbereich ausgebildet. Bevorzugt geht im Übergangsbereich der vollflächig ausgebildete Abdeckdruck in Richtung von der Umfangskante zum Zentrum der Verbundscheibe in ein Punktraster über. Der Übergangsbereich kann als eine Anordnung, insbesondere eine Reihe, von Punkten und/oder Vierecken ausgebildet sein oder/und als Punktraster mit Punkten abnehmender Größe. Der Übergangsbereich ist dazu vorgesehen ein Kontaktelement, insbesondere einen Sammelleiter, zu kaschieren. Mit anderen Worten das Kontaktelement ist in diesem Bereich von außen in Durchsichtrichtung weniger sichtbar. Dadurch weist die Verbundscheibe ein optisch ansprechendes Erscheinungsbild auf. In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one point-shaped and/or grid-shaped transition region is formed by the opaque covering print. In the transition area, the full-area covering print preferably merges into a grid of dots in the direction from the peripheral edge to the center of the laminated pane. The transition area can be designed as an arrangement, in particular a row, of dots and/or squares and/or as a grid of dots with dots of decreasing size. The The transition area is intended to conceal a contact element, in particular a busbar. In other words, the contact element is less visible in this area from the outside in the viewing direction. As a result, the laminated pane has a visually appealing appearance.
Ferner kann der opake Abdeckdruck im Übergangsbereich zumindest abschnittsweise als eine unterbrochene Linie verlaufen. Vorteilhaft läßt sich dann die durch den linienförmigen opaken Abdeckdruck ausgebildete mindestens eine Linie flexibel an die jeweilige Einbausituation anpassen. Der linienförmige opake Abdeckdruck weist bevorzugt eine Dicke von 4 pm (Mikrometer) bis 40 pm, besonders bevorzugt von 5 pm bis 25 pm auf. Furthermore, the opaque covering print can run at least in sections as a broken line in the transition region. The at least one line formed by the linear opaque covering print can then advantageously be flexibly adapted to the respective installation situation. The line-shaped, opaque covering print preferably has a thickness of 4 μm (micrometers) to 40 μm, particularly preferably from 5 μm to 25 μm.
Die Heizwiderstandsschicht wird mit einer externen Spannungsquelle über die Kontaktelemente elektrisch leitend verbunden, wobei die Kontaktelemente aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Aufdruck oder einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material, insbesondere eines elektrisch leitfähigen Haftmittels, ausgebildet sind. Die Kontaktelemente können als streifenförmige Sammelleiter, Flachleiter, Rundleiter oder Litzen ausgebildet sein. Die Kontaktelemente können zur Beheizung der Scheibe mit entgegengesetzten Pole einer Spannungsquelle elektrisch leitend verbunden werden. Dadurch kann die Verbundscheibe erwärmt und somit beschlagsfrei gehalten werden. The heating resistance layer is electrically conductively connected to an external voltage source via the contact elements, the contact elements being formed from an electrically conductive imprint or an electrically conductive material, in particular an electrically conductive adhesive. The contact elements can be designed as strip-shaped busbars, flat conductors, round conductors or stranded wires. The contact elements can be electrically conductively connected to opposite poles of a voltage source to heat the pane. As a result, the laminated pane can be heated and thus kept fog-free.
Bevorzugt sind mindestens zwei Sammelleiter (sogenannte Busbars) auf der Heizwiderstandsschicht angebracht und elektrisch leitfähig mit dieser verbunden, wobei die Sammelleiter als zwei, insbesondere näherungsweise parallel verlaufende, Streifen ausgebildet sind. Die Länge eines Sammelleiters richtet sich nach der Ausdehnung der Heizwiderstandsschicht beziehungsweise der zu beheizenden Fläche. Die Länge der Sammelleiter ist typischerweise im Wesentlichen gleich der Länge der Seitenkante der Heizwiderstandsschicht, kann aber auch leicht kleiner sein. Bei derartigen Sammelleitern wird die längere seiner Dimension als Länge und die weniger lange seiner Dimension als Breite bezeichnet. At least two busbars (so-called busbars) are preferably mounted on the heating resistance layer and electrically conductively connected to it, the busbars being designed as two strips, in particular running approximately parallel. The length of a busbar depends on the extent of the heating resistance layer or the area to be heated. The length of the bus bar is typically substantially equal to the length of the side edge of the heating resistor layer, but can be slightly less. In the case of busbars of this type, the longer of its dimensions is referred to as the length and the shorter of its dimensions is referred to as the width.
Es können auch mehr als zwei Sammelleiter auf der Heizwiderstandsschicht angeordnet sein, bevorzugt im Randbereich entlang zweier gegenüberliegenden Seitenkanten. Sind die Sammelleiter im Randbereich angeordnet, dann können sie vorteilhafterweise auf einfache Weise vom Rand der Scheibe her elektrisch kontaktieren werden können. More than two busbars can also be arranged on the heating resistance layer, preferably in the edge area along two opposite side edges. If the busbars are arranged in the edge region, they can advantageously be electrically contacted from the edge of the pane in a simple manner.
Ein Sammelleiter kann eine Breite von 0.1 mm bis 30 mm, besonders bevorzugt von 8 mm bis 17 mm, aufweisen. Die Schichtdicke der Sammelleiter kann 5 pm bis 50 pm, insbesondere 8 m bis 20 m betragen. Die Sammelleiter können beispielsweise entlang einander gegenüberliegenden Kanten der ersten Scheibe angebracht sein, wobei die Sammelleiter aus einer aufgedruckten und eingebrannten Druckpaste ausgebildet sind, die bevorzugt metallische Partikel, Metallpartikel und/oder Kohlenstoff, insbesondere Silberpartikel, enthalten. Alternativ können die Sammelleiter aber auch als Streifen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Folie ausgebildet sein. Ein Sammelleiter enthält dann beispielsweise zumindest Aluminium, Kupfer, verzinntes Kupfer, Gold, Silber, Zink, Wolfram und/oder Zinn oder Legierungen davon. Der Streifen hat bevorzugt eine Dicke von 10 pm bis 500 pm, besonders bevorzugt von 30 pm bis 300 pm. Der Streifen kann mit der elektrisch leitfähigen Struktur beispielsweise über eine Lotmasse, über einen elektrisch leitfähigen Kleber oder durch direktes Auflegen elektrisch leitend verbunden sein. Diese Materialien und ihre Dicken sind besonders vorteilhaft im Hinblick auf sehr gut Leitfähigkeit der Sammelleiter. A busbar can have a width of 0.1 mm to 30 mm, particularly preferably 8 mm to 17 mm. The layer thickness of the bus bars can be 5 μm to 50 μm, in particular 8 μm m to 20 m. The busbars can be attached, for example, along opposite edges of the first pane, the busbars being formed from a printed and burned-in printing paste that preferably contains metallic particles, metal particles and/or carbon, in particular silver particles. Alternatively, the bus bars can also be designed as strips of an electrically conductive film. A busbar then contains, for example, at least aluminum, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten and/or tin or alloys thereof. The strip preferably has a thickness of 10 μm to 500 μm, particularly preferably 30 μm to 300 μm. The strip can be electrically conductively connected to the electrically conductive structure, for example via a soldering compound, via an electrically conductive adhesive or by direct application. These materials and their thicknesses are particularly advantageous with regard to the very good conductivity of the busbars.
Die Sammelleiter können transparent, semitransparent oder opak, bevorzugt schwarz, ausgebildet sein. Sind die Sammelleiter transparent oder semitransparent ausgebildet, dann sind sie durchlässig für sichtbares Licht. Dadurch wird der technische Vorteil erreicht, dass die Sammelleiter an der Scheibe nicht oder kaum wahrgenommen werden können. The busbars can be transparent, semitransparent or opaque, preferably black. If the busbars are transparent or semi-transparent, then they are permeable to visible light. This achieves the technical advantage that the collector conductors on the pane cannot be seen, or can hardly be seen.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform können die, insbesondere transparenten, Sammelleiter vollständig an der Heizwiderstandsschicht angeordnet sein. Alternativ kann mindestens ein Sammelleiter an der Heizwiderstandsschicht und an dem opaken Abdeckdruck angeordnet sein. In a further advantageous embodiment, the bus bars, which are in particular transparent, can be arranged completely on the heating resistance layer. Alternatively, at least one bus bar can be arranged on the heating resistance layer and on the opaque cover print.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform können an einem Rand eines Sammelleiters zumindest abschnittsweise Zähne ausgeformt sind. Der Rand des Sammelleiters kann zumindest teilweise trapezförmig, zahnförmig, sägezahnförmig oder sinusförmig ausgebildet sein. In a further advantageous embodiment, teeth can be formed at least in sections on an edge of a busbar. The edge of the busbar can be at least partially trapezoidal, tooth-shaped, sawtooth-shaped or sinusoidal.
Mit anderen Worten weist der Sammelleiter einen gezahnten Rand auf, der Zähne und Zahnzwischenräume aufweist. Bevorzugt können die Zähne gleichmäßig über einen Seitenrand des Sammelleiters verteilt sein. Dadurch wird eine signifikante Verbesserung in Form einer schnellen Beheizung der Verbundscheibe erreicht. Durch eine Zahnung wird gleichzeitig Material und damit Kosten eingespart sowie eine verbesserte Leitfähig der Sammelleiter erzielt. In other words, the bus bar has a toothed edge that has teeth and tooth spaces. The teeth can preferably be distributed evenly over a side edge of the bus bar. This achieves a significant improvement in the form of rapid heating of the laminated pane. A toothing saves material and thus costs at the same time and improves the conductivity of the bus bars.
Die Sammelleiter werden durch eine oder mehrere Zuleitungen elektrisch kontaktiert. Die Zuleitung ist bevorzugt als flexibler Folienleiter (Flachleiter, Flachbandleiter) ausgebildet. Darunter wird ein elektrischer Leiter verstanden, dessen Breite deutlich größer ist als seine Dicke. Ein solcher Folienleiter ist beispielsweise ein Streifen oder Band, enthaltend oder bestehend aus Kupfer, verzinntem Kupfer, Aluminium, Silber, Gold oder Legierungen davon. The busbars are electrically contacted by one or more leads. The supply line is preferably in the form of a flexible film conductor (flat conductor, ribbon conductor). This is understood to mean an electrical conductor whose width is significantly greater than its thickness. Such a foil conductor is, for example, a strip or tape containing or consisting of copper, tinned copper, aluminum, silver, gold or alloys thereof.
Die Verbundscheibe ist bevorzugt als Fensterscheibe vorgesehen, besonders bevorzugt als Fensterscheibe eines Fahrzeugs, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeugs, eines Gebäudes oder eines Raums. In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist die Verbundscheibe eine Windschutzscheibe eines Fahrzeugs, insbesondere Personenkraftwagens (PKW). The composite pane is preferably provided as a window pane, particularly preferably as a window pane of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, a building or a room. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the laminated pane is a windshield of a vehicle, in particular a passenger car.
Die Erfindung umfasst außerdem eine Verbundscheibenanordnung, insbesondere eine Fahrzeugverglasungseinheit mit der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe, einer Spannungsquelle zum Anlegen eines Heizstromes an die Kontaktelemente der Heizwiderstandsschicht. Die Verbundscheibenanordnung kann zusätzlich eine Steuereinheit (ECU) zur Steuerung der Spannungsquelle vorsehen. Bei der Spannungsquelle und der zugehörigen Steuereinheit kann es sich um Bauteile eines Fahrzeugs handeln. The invention also includes a laminated pane arrangement, in particular a vehicle glazing unit with the laminated pane according to the invention, a voltage source for applying a heating current to the contact elements of the heating resistance layer. The compound disk assembly may additionally provide a control unit (ECU) for controlling the power source. The voltage source and the associated control unit can be components of a vehicle.
Die Erfindung umfasst außerdem ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere PKW, mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe. The invention also includes a vehicle, in particular a passenger car, with a laminated pane according to the invention.
Die Erfindung umfasst außerdem ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe, wobei mindestens The invention also includes a method for producing the composite pane according to the invention, wherein at least
• eine Heizwiderstandsschicht auf der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe aufgebracht wird, • a heating resistance layer is applied to the second surface (II) of the first pane,
• der Abdeckdruck an der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe aufgebracht wird,• the masking print is applied to the second surface (II) of the first pane,
• zwei Sammelleiter an der Heizwiderstandsschicht aufgebracht werden, wobei die Sammelleiter derart angeordnet sind, dass bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung an die Sammelleiter ein Strom durch die Heizwiderstandsschicht fließt, • two busbars are applied to the heating resistance layer, with the busbars being arranged in such a way that when an electrical voltage is applied to the busbars, a current flows through the heating resistance layer,
• ein Schichtstapel aus mindestens umfassend in dieser Reihenfolge die erste Scheibe mit der Heizwiderstandsschicht und Abdeckdruck, thermoplastische Zwischenschicht und zweite Scheibe hergestellt wird, und • a layer stack is produced from at least comprising in this order the first pane with the heating resistance layer and covering print, thermoplastic intermediate layer and second pane, and
• die zweite Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe über die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht mit der ersten Oberfläche (III) der zweiten Scheibe verbunden wird. • the second surface (II) of the first pane is connected to the first surface (III) of the second pane via the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
Die erste Scheibe und die zweite Scheibe werden über die Zwischenschicht miteinander laminiert, beispielsweise durch Autoklavverfahren, Vakuumsackverfahren, Vakuumringverfahren, Kalanderverfahren, Vakuumlaminatoren oder Kombinationen davon. Die Verbindung von erster Scheibe und zweiter Scheibe erfolgt dabei üblicherweise unter Einwirkung von Hitze, Vakuum und/oder Druck. The first pane and the second pane are laminated together via the intermediate layer, for example by autoclave processes, vacuum bag processes, vacuum ring processes, calendering processes, vacuum laminators, or combinations thereof. The connection of the first pane and the second pane usually takes place under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure.
Das Aufbringen der Heizwiderstandsschicht kann durch an sich bekannte Verfahren erfolgen, bevorzugt durch magnetfeldunterstützte Kathodenzerstäubung. Das ist besonders vorteilhaft im Hinblick auf eine einfache, schnelle, kostengünstige und gleichmäßige Beschichtung der ersten Scheibe. Eine elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung als Heizwiderstandsschicht kann aber auch beispielsweise durch Aufdampfen, chemische Gasphasenabscheidung (chemical vapour deposition, CVD), plasmagestützte Gasphasenabscheidung (PECVD) oder durch nasschemische Verfahren aufgebracht werden. The heating resistance layer can be applied by methods known per se, preferably by cathode sputtering supported by a magnetic field. This is particularly advantageous with regard to a simple, quick, inexpensive and uniform coating of the first pane. However, an electrically conductive coating as a heating resistor layer can also be applied, for example, by vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD) or by wet-chemical methods.
Das Aufbringen der Sammelleiter erfolgt bevorzugt durch Aufdrucken und Einbrennen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Paste in einem Siebdruckverfahren oder in einem Inkjet-Verfahren. Alternativ kann der Sammelleiter als Streifen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Folie auf die elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung aufgebracht, bevorzugt aufgelegt, angelötet oder angeklebt werden. The bus bars are preferably applied by printing and baking an electrically conductive paste in a screen printing process or in an inkjet process. Alternatively, the bus bar can be applied to the electrically conductive coating as a strip of an electrically conductive film, preferably laid on, soldered on or glued on.
Bei Siebdruckverfahren erfolgt die laterale Formgebung durch die Maskierung des Gewebes, durch das die Druckpaste mit den Metallpartikeln gedrückt wird. Durch eine geeignete Formgebung der Maskierung kann beispielsweise die Breite des Sammelleiters besonders einfach vorgeben und variiert werden. In the screen printing process, the lateral shape is created by masking the fabric through which the printing paste with the metal particles is pressed. By suitably shaping the masking, for example, the width of the busbar can be predetermined and varied in a particularly simple manner.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung können alle Ausführungsformen, die für einzelne Merkmale genannt sind, auch frei miteinander kombiniert werden, sofern diese nicht widersprüchlich sind. Within the scope of the present invention, all the embodiments that are mentioned for individual features can also be freely combined with one another, provided they are not contradictory.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Figuren und Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Die Figuren sind eine schematische Darstellung und nicht maßstabsgetreu. Die Figuren schränken die Erfindung in keiner Weise ein. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to figures and exemplary embodiments. The figures are a schematic representation and are not drawn to scale. The figures do not limit the invention in any way.
Es zeigen: Show it:
Figur 1a einen Querschnitt durch eine erste Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe, FIG. 1a shows a cross section through a first embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention,
Figur 1b einen Querschnitt durch eine zweite Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe, FIG. 1b shows a cross section through a second embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention,
Figur 1c einen Querschnitt durch eine dritte Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe, FIG. 1c shows a cross section through a third embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention,
Figur 2a eine Draufsicht auf eine erste Oberfläche (I) einer ersten Scheibe, FIG. 2a is a plan view of a first surface (I) of a first pane,
Figur 2b eine Draufsicht auf eine zweite Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe aus Figur 2a,FIG. 2b shows a plan view of a second surface (II) of the first pane from FIG. 2a,
Figur 3a eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung der ersten Scheibe mit einem opaken Übergangsbereich, FIG. 3a is a plan view of a further embodiment of the first pane with an opaque transition area,
Figur 3b eine Draufsicht auf eine zweite Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe aus Figur 3a,FIG. 3b shows a plan view of a second surface (II) of the first pane from FIG. 3a,
Figur 4 eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Ausschnitts aus Figur 3a, FIG. 4 shows an enlarged representation of the section from FIG. 3a,
Figur 5a eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere erste Scheibe mit gezahnten Sammelleitern, Figur 5b eine Draufsicht auf die zweite Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe aus Figur 5a, Figur 6a eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung der ersten Scheibe mit opakenFIG. 5a shows a top view of a further first pane with toothed bus bars, FIG. 5b shows a top view of the second surface (II) of the first pane from FIG. 5a, FIG. 6a shows a top view of a further embodiment of the first pane with opaque
Übergangsbereich und gezahnten Sammelleitern, transition area and toothed busbars,
Figur 6b eine Draufsicht auf die zweite Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe aus Figur 6a, und FIG. 6b shows a plan view of the second surface (II) of the first disc from FIG. 6a, and
Figur 7 eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Ausschnitts aus Figur 6a. FIG. 7 shows an enlarged representation of the section from FIG. 6a.
Angaben mit Zahlenwerten sind in aller Regel nicht als exakte Werte zu verstehen, sondern beinhalten auch eine Toleranz von +/- 1 % bis zu +/- 10 %. Specifications with numerical values are generally not to be understood as exact values, but also include a tolerance of +/- 1% to +/- 10%.
Figur 1a zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 10 mit einer Heizwiderstandsschicht 4. Die Verbundscheibe 10 umfasst eine erste Scheibe 1 und eine zweite Scheibe 2, die über eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 3 aus PVB miteinander verbunden sind. Die Verbundscheibe 10 kann als Windschutzscheibe eines Personenkraftwagens vorgesehen sein, wobei die erste Scheibe 1 als Außenscheibe der äußeren Umgebung und die zweite Scheibe 2 als Innenscheibe dem Fahrzeuginnenraum zugewandt ist. Die erste Scheibe 1 und die zweite Scheibe 2 bestehen beispielsweise aus Kalk-Natron-Glas. Die erste Scheibe 1 weist beispielsweise eine Dicke von 2,1 mm auf, die zweite Scheibe 2 eine Dicke von 1 ,6 mm oder 2,1 mm. FIG. 1a shows a cross section through an embodiment of the composite pane 10 according to the invention with a heating resistance layer 4. The composite pane 10 comprises a first pane 1 and a second pane 2, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 made of PVB. The composite pane 10 can be provided as a windshield of a passenger car, with the first pane 1 as the outer pane facing the outside environment and the second pane 2 as the inner pane facing the vehicle interior. The first disk 1 and the second disk 2 consist of, for example Soda Lime Glass. The first pane 1 has a thickness of 2.1 mm, for example, and the second pane 2 has a thickness of 1.6 mm or 2.1 mm.
Die erste Scheibe 1 weist eine erste Oberfläche (I) und eine zweite Oberfläche (II) auf. Die zweite Scheibe 2 weist eine erste Oberfläche (III) und eine zweite Oberfläche (IV) auf. Die erste Oberfläche (I) der ersten Scheibe 1 und die erste Oberfläche (III) der zweiten Scheibe 2 sind der äußeren Umgebung zugewandt. Die zweite Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe 1 und die zweite Oberfläche (IV) der zweiten Scheibe sind dem Fahrzeuginnenraum zugewandt. Die zweite Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe 1 und die erste Oberfläche (III) der zweiten Scheibe 2 sind einander zugewandt. Die Verbundscheibe 10 weist eine Oberkante und eine Unterkante auf, wobei in der Ausgestaltung als Windschutzscheibe die Oberkante der Dachkante und die Unterkante der Motorkante der Windschutzscheibe entspricht. In Einbaulage ist die Unterkante der Verbundscheibe 10 nach unten in Richtung des Motors eines Personenkraftwagens angeordnet. The first disc 1 has a first surface (I) and a second surface (II). The second disk 2 has a first surface (III) and a second surface (IV). The first surface (I) of the first pane 1 and the first surface (III) of the second pane 2 face the outside environment. The second surface (II) of the first pane 1 and the second surface (IV) of the second pane face the vehicle interior. The second surface (II) of the first disk 1 and the first surface (III) of the second disk 2 face each other. The laminated pane 10 has an upper edge and a lower edge, with the upper edge corresponding to the roof edge and the lower edge corresponding to the motor edge of the windshield in the configuration as a windshield. In the installed position, the lower edge of the laminated pane 10 is arranged downwards in the direction of the engine of a passenger car.
Auf der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe 1 ist die Heizwiderstandsschicht 4 angeordnet. Die Heizwiderstandsschicht 4 erstreckt sich über die gesamte zweite Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe 1 , abzüglich eines umlaufenden rahmenförmigen beschichtungsfreien Bereichs mit der Breite von beispielsweise 10 mm. Die Heizwiderstandsschicht 4 umfasst beispielsweise ein, zwei oder drei Silberschichten. The heating resistance layer 4 is arranged on the second surface (II) of the first pane 1 . The heating resistance layer 4 extends over the entire second surface (II) of the first pane 1, minus a peripheral, frame-shaped, coating-free area with a width of, for example, 10 mm. The heating resistance layer 4 comprises, for example, one, two or three layers of silver.
Die Verbundscheibe 10 weist einen opaken Abdeckdruck 11 auf einem umlaufenden Randbereich 12. Der Randbereich 12 umläuft die Heizwiderstandsschicht 4 rahmenförmig. Er weist eine Breite von ca. 10 mm auf. Der Abdeckdruck 11 ist auf der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe 1 angeordnet. Der Abdeckdruck 11 kann eine Breite von 10 mm aufweisen. Er erstreckt sich im Wesentlichen im Randbereich 12. Der Abdeckdruck 11 ist auch auf der zweiten Oberfläche (IV) der zweiten Scheibe 2 angeordnet. Dort kann der Abdeckdruck 11 eine Breite die größer ist als 10 mm aufweisen. Der opake Abdeckdruck 11 ist aus einer Druckfarbe ausgebildet, welche zersetzende Eigenschaften gegenüber der Heizwiderstandsschicht 4 aufweist. Der opake Abdeckdruck 11 enthält bevorzugt zumindest ein Pigment und Glasfritten. The laminated pane 10 has an opaque cover print 11 on a peripheral edge area 12. The edge area 12 runs around the heating resistance layer 4 in the shape of a frame. It has a width of approx. 10 mm. The masking print 11 is arranged on the second surface (II) of the first pane 1 . The masking print 11 can have a width of 10 mm. It extends essentially in the edge area 12. The covering print 11 is also arranged on the second surface (IV) of the second pane 2. FIG. There, the covering print 11 can have a width that is greater than 10 mm. The opaque masking print 11 is formed from a printing ink which has decomposing properties with respect to the heating resistance layer 4 . The opaque cover print 11 preferably contains at least one pigment and glass frits.
Ein Sammelleiter 7.1 ist als Kontaktelement 7 an der Heizwiderstandsschicht 4 angeordnet. Der Sammelleiter 7.1 ist in dieser Ausgestaltung aus einem elektrisch leitfähigem Material transparent ausgebildet. Der erste Sammelleiter 7.1 ist im Wesentlich parallel zu einer Seitenkante der Verbundscheibe 10 angeordnet. Der erste Sammelleiter 7.1 weist eine Breite von 8 mm auf. Figur 1b zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine zweite Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 10. Der Aufbau der Verbundscheibe 10 entspricht dem der Figur 1a, wobei der Sammelleiter 7.1 an der Heizwiderstandsschicht 4 und an dem opaken Abdeckdruck 11 angeordnet sein. Der Sammelleiter 7.1 weist eine Breite auf, die größere als 10 mm ist. A bus bar 7.1 is arranged as a contact element 7 on the heating resistance layer 4. In this configuration, the busbar 7.1 is made of an electrically conductive material that is transparent. The first bus bar 7.1 is arranged essentially parallel to a side edge of the laminated pane 10. The first bus bar 7.1 has a width of 8 mm. FIG. 1b shows a cross section through a second embodiment of the laminated pane 10 according to the invention. The structure of the laminated pane 10 corresponds to that of FIG. The busbar 7.1 has a width that is greater than 10 mm.
Figur 1c zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine dritte Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 10. Der Aufbau der Verbundscheibe 10 entspricht dem der Figur 1 b, wobei der Abdeckdruck 11 einen Übergangsbereich 12.1 aufweist. Der Übergangsbereich 12.1 ist ein Bereich des Abdeckdrucks 11 , in dem der Abdeckdruck 11 nicht vollflächig auf der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe 1 angeordnet ist. Der Übergangsbereich 12.1 ist punktförmigen ausgebildet. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Übergansbereich 12.1 rasterförmig oder als eine Anordnung, insbesondere eine Reihe, von Punkten und/oder Vierecken ausgebildet sein. Der Übergangsbereich 12.1 ist dazu vorgesehen den ersten Sammelleiter 7.1 optisch zu kaschieren. Mit anderen Worten der Sammelleiter 7.1 ist in diesem Bereich von außen in Durchsichtrichtung weniger sichtbar. Dadurch weist die Verbundscheibe 10 ein optisch ansprechendes Erscheinungsbild auf. FIG. 1c shows a cross section through a third embodiment of the composite pane 10 according to the invention. The structure of the composite pane 10 corresponds to that of FIG. 1b, with the covering print 11 having a transition region 12.1. The transition area 12.1 is an area of the covering print 11 in which the covering print 11 is not arranged over the entire area on the second surface (II) of the first pane 1. The transition region 12.1 is punctiform. Alternatively or additionally, the transition area 12.1 can be designed in the form of a grid or as an arrangement, in particular a row, of points and/or squares. The transition area 12.1 is intended to optically conceal the first busbar 7.1. In other words, the bus bar 7.1 is less visible in this area from the outside in the viewing direction. As a result, the laminated pane 10 has a visually appealing appearance.
Figur 2a zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die erste Oberfläche (I) der ersten Scheibe 1 , wobei der Aufbau der Verbundscheibe 10 dem der Figur 1 b entspricht. Die Kontaktelemente 7 sind als streifenförmige Sammelleiter 7.1 ausgebildet. Die Sammelleiter 7.1 können zur Beheizung der Verbundscheibe 10 mit einer Spannungsquelle elektrisch leitend verbunden werden. Dadurch kann die erste Scheibe 1 , erwärmt und somit Beschlags frei gehalten werden. FIG. 2a shows a plan view of the first surface (I) of the first pane 1, the structure of the composite pane 10 corresponding to that of FIG. 1b. The contact elements 7 are designed as strip-shaped bus bars 7.1. The busbars 7.1 can be electrically conductively connected to a voltage source in order to heat the laminated pane 10. As a result, the first pane 1 can be heated and thus kept free of fogging.
Zwei Sammelleiter 7.1 sind teilweise auf der Heizwiderstandsschicht 4 angebracht und elektrisch leitfähig mit dieser verbunden. Die Sammelleiter 7. 1 sind als zwei insbesondere näherungsweise parallel verlaufende Streifen ausgebildet. Die zwei Sammelleiter 7.1 sind derart an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten angeordnet, dass bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung an die Sammelleiter 7.1 ein Strom durch die Heizwiderstandsschicht 4 fließt. Two busbars 7.1 are partially attached to the heating resistance layer 4 and are electrically conductively connected to it. The busbars 7.1 are designed as two strips, in particular running approximately parallel. The two busbars 7.1 are arranged on two opposite sides in such a way that a current flows through the heating resistance layer 4 when an electrical voltage is applied to the busbars 7.1.
Die Länge der Sammelleiter 7.1 richtet sich nach der Ausdehnung der Heizwiderstandsschicht 4 beziehungsweise der zu beheizenden Fläche. In dieser Ausführungsform ist die Länge der Sammelleiter 7.1 gleich der Länge der Seitenkante der Heizwiderstandsschicht 4, kann aber auch leicht kleiner sein. Bei derartigen Sammelleitern 7.1 wird die längere seiner Dimension als Länge und die weniger lange seiner Dimension als Breite bezeichnet. Die zwei Sammelleiter 7.1 sind auf der Heizwiderstandsschicht 4 und auf dem Abdeckdruck 11 zumindest teilweise im Randbereich entlang zweier gegenüberliegenden Seitenkanten (beispielsweise Unterkante und Oberkante oder Rechts und Links) angeordnet. The length of the bus bar 7.1 depends on the expansion of the heating resistance layer 4 or the area to be heated. In this embodiment, the length of the bus bars 7.1 is equal to the length of the side edge of the heating resistance layer 4, but it can also be slightly smaller. In the case of busbars 7.1 of this type, the longer of its dimensions is referred to as the length and the shorter of its dimensions is referred to as the width. The two busbars 7.1 are arranged on the heating resistance layer 4 and on the cover print 11 at least partially in the edge area along two opposite side edges (for example lower edge and upper edge or right and left).
Die Sammelleiter 7.1 können jeweils auch eine Breite von 8 mm bis 17 mm aufweisen. Die Schichtdicke der Sammelleiter 7.1 kann 8 pm bis 20 pm betragen. Die Sammelleiter 7.1 sind entlang einander gegenüberliegenden Kanten der ersten Scheibe 1 angebracht, wobei die Sammelleiter 7.1 aus einer aufgedruckten und eingebrannten Druckpaste ausgebildet sind, die bevorzugt metallische Partikel, Metallpartikel und/oder Kohlenstoff, insbesondere Silberpartikel, enthalten. Alternativ können die Sammelleiter 7.1 aber auch als Streifen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Folie ausgebildet sein. Die Sammelleiter 7.1 können mit der Heizwiderstandsschicht 4 beispielsweise über eine Lotmasse, über einen elektrisch leitfähigen Kleber oder durch direktes Auflegen elektrisch leitend verbunden sein. The bus bars 7.1 can also each have a width of 8 mm to 17 mm. The layer thickness of the bus bars 7.1 can be 8 μm to 20 μm. The busbars 7.1 are attached along opposite edges of the first pane 1, the busbars 7.1 being formed from a printed and burned-in printing paste that preferably contains metallic particles, metal particles and/or carbon, in particular silver particles. Alternatively, the bus bars 7.1 can also be designed as strips of an electrically conductive foil. The bus bars 7.1 can be electrically conductively connected to the heating resistance layer 4, for example via a soldering compound, via an electrically conductive adhesive or by direct application.
Figur 2b zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die zweite Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe 1 aus Figur 2a. Die Sammelleiter 7.1 sind streifenförmig ausgebildet. Die zwei Sammelleiter 7.1 sind entlang zweier gegenüberliegenden Seitenkanten angeordnet. Die Sammelleiter 7.1 sind zumindest teilweise im Randbereich 12 angeordnet. Jeweils ein Sammelleiter 7.1 ist an der Heizwiderstandsschicht 4 und an dem opaken Abdeckdruck 11 angeordnet, so dass der jeweilige Sammelleiter 7.1 zu Heizwiderstandsschicht 4 und dem opaken Abdeckdruck 11 Kontakt hat. FIG. 2b shows a plan view of the second surface (II) of the first pane 1 from FIG. 2a. The busbars 7.1 are in the form of strips. The two busbars 7.1 are arranged along two opposite side edges. The busbars 7.1 are at least partially arranged in the edge area 12. A respective busbar 7.1 is arranged on the heating resistance layer 4 and on the opaque covering print 11, so that the respective busbar 7.1 has contact with the heating resistance layer 4 and the opaque covering print 11.
Figur 3a zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung der ersten Scheibe 1 , wobei der Aufbau der Verbundscheibe 10 dem der Figur 2a entspricht. Im Unterschied zu Figur 2a weist der opake Abdeckdruck 11 einen Übergangsbereich 12.1 auf, der zur Scheibenmitte hin eine zunehmende Lichtdurchlässigkeit aufweist. Der Übergangsbereich 12.1 ist als eine Anordnung, insbesondere eine Reihe, von Punkten 12.2 ausgebildet. Der opake Abdeckdruck 11 und die Punkte 12.2 sind aus einer Druckfarbe ausgebildet, die zersetzende Eigenschaften gegenüber der Heizwiderstandsschicht 4 aufweist. Die Punkte 12.2 können unterschiedliche Größen aufweisen. Der Abdeckdruck 11 und die Punkte 12.2 sind auf der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe 1 angeordnet. FIG. 3a shows a top view of a further embodiment of the first pane 1, the structure of the composite pane 10 corresponding to that of FIG. 2a. In contrast to FIG. 2a, the opaque cover print 11 has a transition area 12.1, which has increasing light transmission towards the center of the pane. The transition area 12.1 is designed as an arrangement, in particular a row, of points 12.2. The opaque cover print 11 and the dots 12.2 are formed from a printing ink which has decomposing properties in relation to the heating resistance layer 4. The points 12.2 can have different sizes. The masking print 11 and the dots 12.2 are arranged on the second surface (II) of the first pane 1.
Figur 3b zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die zweite Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe 1 aus Figur 3a. Die Sammelleiter 7.1 decken die Punkte 12.2 und zumindest teilweise den Abdeckdruck 11 ab. Figur 4 zeigt eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Ausschnitts Z aus Figur 3a. Deutlich zu erkennen ist die Anordnung von zwei Reihen von Punkten 12.2. Die Punkte weisen unterschiedliche Größen auf. Die Anordnung von Punkten 12.2 bilden den Übergangsbereich 12.1 im Randbereich 12 der Verbundscheibe 10. Der Abdeckdruck 11 und die Punkte 12.2 sind auf der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe 1 angeordnet. FIG. 3b shows a plan view of the second surface (II) of the first pane 1 from FIG. 3a. The bus bars 7.1 cover the points 12.2 and at least partially the cover print 11. FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of detail Z from FIG. 3a. The arrangement of two rows of points 12.2 can be clearly seen. The dots have different sizes. The arrangement of points 12.2 form the transition area 12.1 in the edge area 12 of the laminated pane 10. The covering print 11 and the points 12.2 are arranged on the second surface (II) of the first pane 1.
Figur 5a zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung der ersten Scheibe 1. Die Draufsicht ist auf die erste Oberfläche (I) der ersten Scheibe 1 gerichtet. In dieser Ausführungsform sind an einem Rand eines jeden Sammelleiters 7.1 Zähne 7. 2 ausgeformt. Die Zähne 7.2 sind gleichmäßig über den Rand des Sammelleiters 7.1 verteilt. FIG. 5a shows a plan view of a further embodiment of the first pane 1. The plan view is directed towards the first surface (I) of the first pane 1. FIG. In this embodiment, teeth 7.2 are formed on an edge of each busbar 7.1. The teeth 7.2 are evenly distributed over the edge of the bus bar 7.1.
Figur 5b zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die zweite Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe 1 aus Figur 5a mit Sammelleitern 7.1 , die zumindest teilweise einen zahnförmig ausgebildeten Rand aufweisen. Die Zähne 7.2 des zahnförmigen Rands weisen zur Scheibenmitte hin. FIG. 5b shows a plan view of the second surface (II) of the first pane 1 from FIG. 5a with busbars 7.1, which at least partially have a tooth-shaped edge. The teeth 7.2 of the tooth-shaped rim point towards the center of the disc.
Figur 6a zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung der ersten Scheibe 1 . Die erste Scheibe 1 weist gezahnte Sammelleiter 7.1 mit opaken Übergangsbereich 12.1 auf. Der Übergangsbereich 12.1 weist zur Scheibenmitte hin eine zunehmende Lichtdurchlässigkeit aufweist. Der Übergangsbereich 12.1 ist als eine Anordnung von in zwei Reihe angeordneten Punkten 12.2 ausgebildet. Der opake Abdeckdruck 11 und die Punkte 12.2 sind aus gleicher Druckfarbe ausgebildet, welche zersetzende Eigenschaften gegenüber der Heizwiderstandsschicht 4 aufweist. FIG. 6a shows a top view of a further embodiment of the first pane 1. FIG. The first pane 1 has toothed busbars 7.1 with an opaque transition area 12.1. The transition area 12.1 has an increasing transparency toward the center of the pane. The transition area 12.1 is designed as an arrangement of points 12.2 arranged in two rows. The opaque cover print 11 and the dots 12.2 are formed from the same printing ink, which has decomposing properties in relation to the heating resistance layer 4.
Figur 6b zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die zweite Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe 1 aus Figur 6a. FIG. 6b shows a plan view of the second surface (II) of the first pane 1 from FIG. 6a.
Figur 7 zeigt eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Ausschnitts Z‘ aus Figur 6a. Deutlich zu erkennen ist die Anordnung von zwei Reihen von Punkten 12.2. Die Punkte 12.2 weisen unterschiedliche Größen auf. Die Anordnung von Punkten 12.2 bildet den Übergangsbereich 12.1 im Randbereich 12 der Verbundscheibe 10. Der Abdeckdruck 11 und die Punkte 12.2 sind auf der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe 1 angeordnet. Bezugszeichenliste: FIG. 7 shows an enlarged view of detail Z′ from FIG. 6a. The arrangement of two rows of points 12.2 can be clearly seen. The points 12.2 have different sizes. The arrangement of points 12.2 forms the transition area 12.1 in the edge area 12 of the laminated pane 10. The covering print 11 and the points 12.2 are arranged on the second surface (II) of the first pane 1. Reference list:
1 erste Scheibe 1 first disc
2 zweite Scheibe 2 second disc
3 Zwischenschicht 3 intermediate layer
4 Heizwiderstandsschicht 4 heating resistance layer
7 Kontaktelement 7 contact element
7.1 Sammelleiter als Kontaktelement 7.1 Busbar as a contact element
7.2 Zahn (Zahnung) am Sammelleiter 7.1 7.2 Tooth (teeth) on the bus bar 7.1
9 Spannungsquelle 9 voltage source
10 Verbundscheibe 10 composite pane
11 Abdeckdruck 11 cover print
12 Randbereich 12 edge area
12.1 Übergangsbereich 12.1 Transition Area
12.2 Punkt 12.2 point
(I) erste, von der Zwischenschicht abgewandte Oberfläche der ersten Scheibe 1 (Außenscheibe) (I) first surface of the first pane 1 (outer pane) facing away from the intermediate layer
(II) zweite, zur Zwischenschicht hingewandte Oberfläche der ersten Scheibe 1 (II) second surface of the first pane 1 facing the intermediate layer
(III) erste, zur Zwischenschicht hingewandte Oberfläche der zweiten Scheibe 2 (Innenscheibe) (III) first surface of the second pane 2 (inner pane) facing the intermediate layer
(IV) zweite, von der Zwischenschicht abgewandte Oberfläche der zweiten Scheibe 2 (IV) second surface of the second pane 2, facing away from the intermediate layer

Claims

Patentansprüche patent claims
1 . Verbundscheibe, umfassend eine erste Scheibe (1) mit einer ersten Oberfläche (I) und einer zweiten Oberfläche (II), eine zweite Scheibe (2) mit einer ersten Oberfläche (III) und einer zweiten Oberfläche (IV) und einer thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht (3), welche die zweite Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe (1) mit der ersten Oberfläche (III) der zweiten Scheibe (2) verbindet, wobei mindestens eine Heizwiderstandsschicht (4) auf der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe (1) angeordnet ist, wobei die Heizwiderstandsschicht (4) mindestens zwei Kontaktelemente (7) zur elektrischen Kontaktierung der Heizwiderstandsschicht (4) aufweist und wobei ein opaker Abdeckdruck (11) auf der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe (1) angeordnet ist. 1 . Composite pane, comprising a first pane (1) with a first surface (I) and a second surface (II), a second pane (2) with a first surface (III) and a second surface (IV) and a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3 ) connecting the second surface (II) of the first pane (1) to the first surface (III) of the second pane (2), wherein at least one heating resistance layer (4) on the second surface (II) of the first pane (1) is arranged, wherein the heating resistance layer (4) has at least two contact elements (7) for electrical contacting of the heating resistance layer (4) and wherein an opaque cover print (11) is arranged on the second surface (II) of the first pane (1).
2. Verbundscheibe nach Anspruch 1 , wobei der Abdeckdruck (11) einen Übergangsbereich (12.1) aufweist, in dem der Abdeckdruck (11) nicht vollflächig im Randbereich (12) auf der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe (1) angeordnet ist. 2. Laminated pane according to claim 1, wherein the covering print (11) has a transition region (12.1) in which the covering print (11) is not arranged over the entire surface in the edge region (12) on the second surface (II) of the first pane (1).
3. Verbundscheibe nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Abdeckdruck (11) einen Übergangsbereich (12.1) aufweist, welcher zur Scheibenmitte hin eine zunehmende Lichtdurchlässigkeit aufweist. 3. Laminated pane according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the covering print (11) has a transition region (12.1) which has an increasing light transmission towards the center of the pane.
4. Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei der Abdeckdruck (11) einen Übergangsbereich (12.1) aufweist, der als eine Anordnung, insbesondere eine Reihe, von Punkten (12.1) und/oder Vierecken ausgebildet ist. 4. Laminated pane according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cover print (11) has a transition region (12.1) which is designed as an arrangement, in particular a row, of points (12.1) and/or squares.
5. Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei der opake Abdeckdruck (11) zumindest Abschnittsweise als eine unterbrochene Linie verläuft. 5. Laminated pane according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the opaque cover print (11) runs at least in sections as a broken line.
6. Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die Kontaktelemente (7) als streifenförmige Sammelleiter (7.1), Flachleiter, Rundleiter oder Litzen ausgebildet sind. 6. Laminated pane according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the contact elements (7) are designed as strip-shaped busbars (7.1), flat conductors, round conductors or stranded wires.
7. Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Kontaktelemente (7) aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Aufdruck oder einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material ausgebildet sind. 7. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the contact elements (7) are formed from an electrically conductive imprint or an electrically conductive material.
8. Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 7, wobei die Sammelleiter (7.1) transparent, semitransparent oder opak, bevorzugt schwarz, ausgebildet sind. 8. Laminated pane according to one of claims 6 to 7, wherein the collector conductors (7.1) are transparent, semi-transparent or opaque, preferably black.
9. Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, wobei die Sammelleiter (7.1) vollständig an der Heizwiderstandsschicht angeordnet ist oder mindestens ein Sammelleiter an der Heizwiderstandsschicht und an dem opaken Abdeckdruck angeordnet ist. 9. Laminated pane according to one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the bus bar (7.1) is arranged entirely on the heating resistance layer or at least one bus bar is arranged on the heating resistance layer and on the opaque cover print.
10. Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, wobei ein Rand eines Sammelleiters (7.1) zumindest teilweise trapezförmig, zahnförmig oder sinusförmig ausgebildet ist. 10. Laminated pane according to one of claims 6 to 9, wherein an edge of a busbar (7.1) is at least partially trapezoidal, tooth-shaped or sinusoidal.
11. Verbundscheibe nach Anspruch 10, wobei an dem Rand des Sammelleiters (7.1) zumindest abschnittsweise Zähne (7.2) ausgeformt sind und die Zähne (7.2) gleichmäßig über einen Seitenrand des Sammelleiters (7.1) verteilt sind. 11. Laminated pane according to claim 10, wherein teeth (7.2) are formed at least in sections on the edge of the busbar (7.1) and the teeth (7.2) are distributed uniformly over a side edge of the busbar (7.1).
12. Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 , wobei der Abdeckdruck (11) aus einer Druckfarbe gebildet ist, welche zersetzende Eigenschaften gegenüber der Heizwiderstandsschicht (4) aufweist. 12. Laminated pane according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the cover print (11) is formed from a printing ink which has decomposing properties in relation to the heating resistance layer (4).
13. Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei die Verbundscheibe (10) als eine Windschutzscheibe eines Fahrzeugs, insbesondere Personenkraftwagens, ausgebildet ist. 13. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the composite pane (10) is designed as a windshield of a vehicle, in particular a passenger car.
14. Verbundscheibenanordnung, insbesondere eine Fahrzeugverglasungseinheit mit einer Verbundscheibe (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, einer Spannungsquelle zum Anlegen eines Heizstromes an die Kontaktelemente (7, 7.1) der Heizwiderstandsschicht. 14. Composite pane arrangement, in particular a vehicle glazing unit with a composite pane (10) according to one of claims 1 to 13, a voltage source for applying a heating current to the contact elements (7, 7.1) of the heating resistance layer.
15. Fahrzeug, insbesondere Personenkraftwagen, mit einer Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13. 19 15. Vehicle, in particular passenger car, with a laminated pane according to one of claims 1 to 13. 19
16. Verfahren zur Herstellung der Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, wobei mindestens 16. A method for producing the composite pane according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein at least
• eine Heizwiderstandsschicht (4) auf der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe (1) aufgebracht wird, • a heating resistance layer (4) is applied to the second surface (II) of the first pane (1),
• der Abdeckdruck (11) an der zweiten Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe (1) aufgebracht wird, • the masking print (11) is applied to the second surface (II) of the first pane (1),
• zwei Sammelleiter (7.1) an der Heizwiderstandsschicht (4) aufgebracht werden, wobei die Sammelleiter (7.1) derart angeordnet sind, dass bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung an die Sammelleiter (7.1) ein Strom durch die Heizwiderstandsschicht (4) fließt, • two busbars (7.1) are applied to the heating resistance layer (4), the busbars (7.1) being arranged in such a way that when an electrical voltage is applied to the busbars (7.1), a current flows through the heating resistance layer (4),
• ein Schichtstapel aus mindestens umfassend in dieser Reihenfolge die erste Scheibe (1) mit der Heizwiderstandsschicht (4) und Abdeckdruck (11), thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (3) und zweite Scheibe (2) hergestellt wird, und • a layer stack comprising at least the first pane (1) with the heating resistance layer (4) and covering print (11), thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) and second pane (2) is produced in this order, and
• die zweite Oberfläche (II) der ersten Scheibe (1) über die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (3) mit der ersten Oberfläche (III) der zweiten Scheibe (2) verbunden wird. • the second surface (II) of the first pane (1) is connected to the first surface (III) of the second pane (2) via the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3).
PCT/EP2022/076604 2021-10-28 2022-09-26 Composite panel with heat resistance layer WO2023072501A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202280005050.1A CN116601023A (en) 2021-10-28 2022-09-26 Composite glass sheet with heating resistor layer

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EP21205355.7 2021-10-28
EP21205355 2021-10-28

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WO2023072501A1 true WO2023072501A1 (en) 2023-05-04

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3912512A1 (en) * 1989-04-17 1990-10-18 Ver Glaswerke Gmbh ELECTRICALLY HEATED CAR GLASS DISC
WO2000029346A1 (en) * 1998-11-06 2000-05-25 Glaverbel Glazing panels
DE19927683C1 (en) 1999-06-17 2001-01-25 Sekurit Saint Gobain Deutsch Laminated glass pane reflecting sun and heat rays
DE10022409C1 (en) 2000-05-09 2002-04-04 Saint Gobain Sekurit D Gmbh Process for producing a composite pane with a transparent, corrosion-protected surface coating and composite pane
WO2013104439A1 (en) 2012-01-10 2013-07-18 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparent pane with electrically conductive coating
WO2013131667A1 (en) 2012-03-05 2013-09-12 Saint-Gobain Glass France Sheet with coating which reflects thermal radiation
WO2017198362A1 (en) 2016-05-17 2017-11-23 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparent panel
DE202021101982U1 (en) 2021-04-13 2021-04-20 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Composite pane

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3912512A1 (en) * 1989-04-17 1990-10-18 Ver Glaswerke Gmbh ELECTRICALLY HEATED CAR GLASS DISC
WO2000029346A1 (en) * 1998-11-06 2000-05-25 Glaverbel Glazing panels
DE19927683C1 (en) 1999-06-17 2001-01-25 Sekurit Saint Gobain Deutsch Laminated glass pane reflecting sun and heat rays
DE10022409C1 (en) 2000-05-09 2002-04-04 Saint Gobain Sekurit D Gmbh Process for producing a composite pane with a transparent, corrosion-protected surface coating and composite pane
WO2013104439A1 (en) 2012-01-10 2013-07-18 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparent pane with electrically conductive coating
WO2013131667A1 (en) 2012-03-05 2013-09-12 Saint-Gobain Glass France Sheet with coating which reflects thermal radiation
WO2017198362A1 (en) 2016-05-17 2017-11-23 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparent panel
DE202021101982U1 (en) 2021-04-13 2021-04-20 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Composite pane

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