WO2023071904A1 - 浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***及测试方法 - Google Patents

浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***及测试方法 Download PDF

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WO2023071904A1
WO2023071904A1 PCT/CN2022/126400 CN2022126400W WO2023071904A1 WO 2023071904 A1 WO2023071904 A1 WO 2023071904A1 CN 2022126400 W CN2022126400 W CN 2022126400W WO 2023071904 A1 WO2023071904 A1 WO 2023071904A1
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unit
air bubbles
force
particles
displacement
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PCT/CN2022/126400
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English (en)
French (fr)
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邢耀文
桂夏辉
孙丽娟
曹亦俊
刘秦杉
何琳
张凡凡
杨陈仪敏
张怡晴
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中国矿业大学
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Publication of WO2023071904A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023071904A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of sensitivity test research, in particular to a test system and test method for dynamic interaction force between flotation particles and air bubbles.
  • Flotation is widely considered to be the most effective means of sorting and upgrading fine-grained minerals and coal, and achieves selective separation between target minerals and gangue particles according to the difference in physical and chemical properties of the particle surface.
  • Flotation pulp is a complex multiphase system composed of water, mineral particles, air bubbles and flotation agents. Hydrophobic particles adhere to air bubbles to form air flocs and float up to become concentrate products, while hydrophilic particles remain in the pulp to be Discharged into tailings products.
  • the interaction between particles and air bubbles directly determines the flotation process and the efficiency of sorting.
  • the interaction between particles and bubbles is controlled by the surface force and fluid force between particles and bubbles. It is of great scientific significance to study the interaction force between particles and bubbles and clarify its interaction mechanism. It can be used for low-rank coal, oxidized coal It provides theoretical guidance for the strengthening of the separation process of difficult floating coal and complex refractory minerals.
  • AFM Anamic Force Microscope, Atomic Force Microscope
  • AFM relies on colloidal probe technology to detect the bending amount of the microcantilever through laser signals to obtain the interaction force between particles and bubbles.
  • the force resolution is as high as 0.1nN, but AFM is only suitable for microscopic particles at lower approach speeds
  • the Reynolds number is generally less than 10-2, which is far lower than the hydrodynamic parameters in flotation.
  • the embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a test system and test method for the dynamic interaction force between flotation particles and air bubbles, which is used to solve the problem that the existing force measurement equipment is expensive and is mostly suitable for low Reynolds number fluid dynamics. problems under current conditions.
  • the present invention provides a dynamic interaction force test system between flotation particles and air bubbles, including a motion drive unit, a displacement sensor, a bubble generation unit, a mechanical test unit, an image monitoring unit, and a signal acquisition and processing unit.
  • the driving unit is connected with the bubble generating unit and can move in the vertical direction
  • the displacement sensor is connected with the motion driving unit
  • the mechanical testing unit is arranged under the bubble generating unit
  • the image monitoring unit is arranged
  • the signal acquisition and processing unit is electrically connected to the displacement sensor, the mechanical testing unit, and the image monitoring unit, respectively.
  • the motion drive unit is used to drive the air bubbles to approach the sample
  • the measuring contact of the displacement sensor is connected to the motion drive unit for collecting the dynamic voltage signal generated by the displacement change of the motion drive unit.
  • the test unit is used to detect the micro-deformation in the process of interaction between flotation particles and air bubbles, and convert the micro-deformation into electrical signals.
  • the image monitoring unit is used to observe the interaction process of the flotation particles and air bubbles and measure the three-phase contact periphery and dynamic contact angle
  • the signal acquisition and processing unit is used to acquire the generated images and dynamic voltage signals, and convert the voltage
  • the signal is transformed into a "displacement-time” curve and a "force-time” curve.
  • the motion drive unit includes an electric motor, a controller, and a translation platform, the electric motor is connected to the translation platform, the controller is electrically connected to the electric motor, and controls the electric motor to drive the The displacement stage moves up and down.
  • the bubble generation unit is used to generate millimeter-scale bubbles, and specifically includes a syringe, a hose and a capillary, and the syringe communicates with the capillary through the hose.
  • the capillary is arranged vertically, one end of the capillary is connected to the displacement platform, and the other end is a free end.
  • the mechanical testing unit includes a transparent liquid tank, a resistance bridge force sensor and a sample holding part, the resistance bridge force sensor is arranged in the transparent liquid tank, and the sample holding part is connected to the resistance bridge force sensor. Connect the free end of the sensor.
  • sample holding part is located directly below the capillary.
  • the signal acquisition and processing unit includes a differential amplifier, a data acquisition card and a PC terminal, the differential amplifier is used to amplify the voltage signal generated by the resistance bridge force sensor, and the amplified voltage signal is combined with the displacement sensor to generate
  • the voltage signals are collected by the data acquisition card and transmitted to the PC terminal, and the PC terminal converts the two voltage signals into a "force-time” curve and a "displacement-time” curve respectively.
  • the present invention provides a method for testing the dynamic interaction force between flotation particles and air bubbles, using the above-mentioned dynamic interaction force test system between flotation particles and air bubbles, the steps include:
  • Step 1 Place a series of weights of known mass on the sample holding part connected to the resistance bridge force sensor, record the generated voltage value, draw the standard curve of force and voltage, and obtain the linear relationship between force and voltage;
  • Step 2 Place solid particles to be measured on the sample holding part connected to the resistance bridge force sensor, and use a syringe to generate a millimeter-sized air bubble at the free end of the capillary connected to the displacement stage;
  • Step 3 Control the electric motor to drive the stage to move up and down, so that the air bubbles at the free end of the capillary approach the particle surface at a certain speed along the z-axis, and return to the initial position after contacting the air bubbles;
  • Step 4 Process the voltage signal on the PC to convert the dynamic voltage signal generated by the displacement sensor into a "displacement-time” curve; use low-pass filtering to process the dynamic voltage signal, and use the "force-voltage” standard obtained in the calibration step Curve, convert the dynamic voltage signal into a "force-time” curve; combine the "displacement-time” curve with the "force-time” curve to obtain a "force-displacement” curve;
  • Step 5 The image analysis software on the PC reads the image sequence recorded by the image monitoring unit, measures the length of the three-phase contact line and the dynamic contact angle at different times, and realizes the direct observation of the dynamic process of the interaction between particles and bubbles.
  • the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention allows users to study the interaction between two colloids (such as particles and bubbles, bubbles and bubbles) under dynamic and equilibrium conditions.
  • the present invention is suitable for studying the influence of hydrodynamic conditions on the interaction force.
  • the motion drive unit of the present invention provides a large vertical displacement, which can achieve millimeter-level motion displacement in a very short time compared with the commercial AFM whose maximum z-direction displacement is only 20 ⁇ m.
  • the approaching/retracting speed can be changed in the range of ⁇ m/s to mm/s, realizing the measurement of the interaction force between floating particles and air bubbles in a wider speed range.
  • the high-speed data acquisition card selected by the present invention has a sampling frequency as high as 10kHz and a higher time resolution. Such features enable users to accurately track the entire process of approaching, contacting, and separating particles and air bubbles.
  • the present invention integrates a CMOS camera for monitoring, photographs and records the entire interaction process, and can simultaneously realize the simultaneous measurement of the interaction force between particles and air bubbles, the three-phase contact periphery, and the dynamic contact angle.
  • the present invention has higher flexibility.
  • the bubble/particle size can be changed more flexibly by replacing capillary tubes and sample holders of different sizes, which overcomes the requirement of the upper limit of the particle/bubble size (100 ⁇ m) due to the limitation of the diameter of the cantilever in the traditional AFM test.
  • the measurement of the interaction force between different samples can also be realized.
  • the present invention has the advantages of flexible operation and controllable cost.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the interaction force testing system of the present invention.
  • a specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a kind of dynamic interaction force test system (hereinafter referred to as " mutual force test system ”) between flotation particle and air bubble, comprises motion drive unit, displacement sensor 2, Bubble generating unit, mechanical testing unit, image monitoring unit and signal acquisition and processing unit.
  • the motion driving unit is connected with the bubble generating unit and can move in the vertical direction
  • the displacement sensor 2 is connected with the motion driving unit
  • the mechanical testing unit is arranged under the bubble generating unit
  • the image monitoring unit is arranged at the side of the mechanical testing unit
  • the signal acquisition and processing unit is electrically connected with the displacement sensor 2, the mechanical testing unit and the image monitoring unit.
  • the motion drive unit is used to drive the air bubbles close to the sample.
  • the measuring contacts of the displacement sensor 2 are connected with the motion drive unit for collecting the dynamic voltage signal generated by the displacement change of the motion drive unit.
  • the mechanical test unit is used to detect the micro-deformation in the process of interaction between flotation particles and air bubbles, and convert the micro-deformation into electrical signals.
  • the image monitoring unit is used to observe the interaction process between flotation particles and air bubbles, and measure the three-phase contact periphery and dynamic contact angle.
  • the signal acquisition and processing unit is used to acquire the generated images and dynamic voltage signals, and convert the voltage signals into "displacement-time” curves and "force-time” curves.
  • the motion drive unit is used to drive the air bubbles to approach, contact and move away from the flotation particles at a certain speed.
  • the motion drive unit includes an electric motor 11 , a controller 12 , a displacement stage 13 and a fixed stage 14 .
  • the translation platform 13 is connected to the fixed platform 14
  • the electric motor 11 is connected to the translation platform 13
  • the controller 12 is electrically connected to the electric motor 11 .
  • the controller 12 is used to control the electric motor 11 to drive the translation stage 13 to move up and down, and the moving speed can be changed in the range of ⁇ m/s to mm/s.
  • the fixed platform 14 is provided with a guide rail in the vertical direction, and the displacement platform 13 is slidably connected with the guide rail.
  • the rotation of the motor 13 drives the lead screw to rotate and then drives the displacement bar 13 to move vertically along the fixed table 14 .
  • the displacement sensor 2 is fixed by a bracket, and its measuring contact is connected to the displacement platform 13 of the motion drive unit, and is used to collect the dynamic voltage signal generated by the linear displacement change of the displacement platform 13 .
  • the update speed of the displacement sensor 2 is 0.3ms/time, the displacement resolution can reach 2 ⁇ m, and the dynamic voltage signal generated is proportional to the linear displacement change.
  • the bubble generation unit is used to generate millimeter-scale bubbles, and specifically includes a syringe 31, a hose 32 and a capillary 33, the syringe 31 and the capillary 33 communicate through the hose 32, the hose 32 is provided with a stop valve, and the capillary 33 is vertically arranged. One end thereof is connected with the displacement platform 13, and the other end is a free end.
  • Using the syringe 31 can generate a millimeter-sized bubble at the free end of the capillary 33. After the bubble is generated at the free end of the capillary 33, close the stop valve to avoid shrinking or disappearing of the bubble in the backflow of the airflow, so that the bubble is in a stable volume state.
  • the mechanical testing unit is used to detect micro-deformation in the process of interaction between flotation particles and air bubbles, and specifically includes a transparent liquid tank 41, a resistance bridge force sensor 42, a sample clamping part 43 and a passive vibration isolation table 44, and the resistance bridge force sensor 42 is set In the transparent liquid tank 41 , the sample holding part 43 is connected to the free end of the resistance bridge force sensor 42 .
  • the resistive bridge force sensor 42 has a measuring range of -40mN ⁇ +40mN, a force resolution of ⁇ N level, and the dynamic voltage signal generated is proportional to the normal pressure.
  • the passive vibration isolation table 44 is used to isolate micro-vibration and reduce interference.
  • the transparent liquid tank 41 is arranged below the motion drive unit, and the sample holding part 43 is positioned directly below the capillary 33, so that when the capillary 33 moves downwards driven by the displacement stage 13, the air bubbles generated at the free end of the capillary 33
  • the sample held by the sample holding part 43 can be just touched.
  • the transparent liquid tank 41 is placed on the passive shock isolation table 44, and the resistance bridge force sensor 42 is erected on the bottom of the transparent liquid tank 41 through installation.
  • One end of the resistance bridge force sensor 42 is fixedly connected with the mounting frame, and the other end is used for setting the sample holder.
  • the free end of the holding member 43 is arranged below the motion drive unit, and the sample holding part 43 is positioned directly below the capillary 33, so that when the capillary 33 moves downwards driven by the displacement stage 13, the air bubbles generated at the free end of the capillary 33 The sample held by the sample holding part 43 can be just touched.
  • the transparent liquid tank 41 is placed on the passive shock isolation table 44, and the resistance
  • the image monitoring unit includes a CMOS camera 51 and an LED light source 52, which are used to observe the interaction process between floating particles and air bubbles. Parameters such as the brightness of the LED light source 52 and the frame rate of the CMOS camera 51 can be adjusted according to the test conditions.
  • the CMOS camera 51 and the LED light source 52 are respectively arranged on both sides of the transparent liquid tank 41 .
  • the signal acquisition and processing unit includes a differential amplifier 61 , a data acquisition card 62 and a PC terminal 63 , the differential amplifier 61 is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the data acquisition card 62 , and the output terminal of the data acquisition card 62 is electrically connected to the PC terminal 63 .
  • the differential amplifier 61 is used to amplify the voltage signal generated by the resistance bridge force sensor 42.
  • the amplified voltage signal and the voltage signal generated by the displacement sensor 2 are collected by the data acquisition card 62 and transmitted to the PC terminal 63.
  • the circuit voltage signal is converted into a "force-time" curve and a "displacement-time” curve respectively.
  • the PC terminal 63 is also used to receive the image taken by the CMOS camera 51 of the image monitoring unit, and the image can be processed to obtain the three-phase contact periphery and dynamic contact angle during the interaction between the flotation particles and the air bubbles.
  • the mutual force testing system of this embodiment can also realize the measurement of the interaction force between different samples (particles and particles, air bubbles and air bubbles) by replacing different types of sample holding parts.
  • the particles when measuring the interaction force between particles, the particles can be directly stuck to the bottom of the capillary 33, understandably, a clamping part capable of clamping the particles can also be connected to the lower end of the fixed table 14 , driven by the displacement stage 13, the particles on the surface are brought close to or away from the particles on the sample holding part 43, so as to realize the measurement of the interaction force between particles.
  • an air bubble when measuring the interaction force between air bubbles, an air bubble can be injected into the upper end of the sample holding part 43, understandably, a syringe can also be held by the sample holding part 43, and the A bubble, driven by the displacement stage 13, makes the bubble generated by the upper capillary 33 approach or move away from the bubble on the cantilever end of the resistance bridge force sensor 42, so as to realize the measurement of the interaction force between the bubble and the bubble.
  • the mutual force test system allows users to study the interaction between two colloids (such as particles and bubbles, bubbles and bubbles) under dynamic and equilibrium conditions. Suitable for studying the influence of hydrodynamic conditions on the interaction forces.
  • the motion drive unit provides a relatively large vertical displacement (in the order of mm in this embodiment), compared with commercial AFMs whose maximum z-direction displacement is only 20 ⁇ m, millimeter-level motion displacement can be achieved in a very short time.
  • the approaching/retracting speed can be changed in the range of ⁇ m/s to mm/s, realizing the measurement of the interaction force between floating particles and air bubbles in a wider speed range.
  • the sampling frequency of the high-speed data acquisition card is as high as 10kHz, and it has high time resolution. This feature enables users to accurately track the entire process of approaching, contacting, and separating particles and bubbles.
  • the integrated CMOS camera monitors and records the entire interaction process, which can simultaneously realize the simultaneous measurement of the interaction force between particles and bubbles, the periphery of the three-phase contact, and the dynamic contact angle.
  • the bubble/particle size can be changed more flexibly by replacing capillary tubes and sample holders of different sizes, which overcomes the requirement of the upper limit of the particle/bubble size (100 ⁇ m) due to the limitation of the diameter of the cantilever in the traditional AFM test.
  • By replacing different types of sample holding parts the measurement of the interaction force between different samples (particles and particles, bubbles and bubbles) can also be realized. Compared with commercial integrated force measurement equipment such as AFM, it has the advantages of flexible operation and controllable cost.
  • Another specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for testing the dynamic interaction force between flotation particles and air bubbles, using the dynamic interaction force test system between flotation particles and air bubbles in Example 1, the steps include:
  • Step 1 Place a series of weights of known mass on the sample holding part 43 connected to the resistance bridge force sensor 42, record the generated voltage value, draw a standard curve of force and voltage, and obtain a linear relationship between force and voltage.
  • Step 2 Place the solid particles to be measured on the sample holding part 43 connected to the resistance bridge force sensor 42 , and use the syringe 31 to generate a millimeter-sized air bubble at the free end of the capillary 33 connected to the displacement stage 13 .
  • Step 3 Use the controller 12 to control the electric motor 11 to drive the displacement table 13 to move up and down, so that the air bubbles at the free end of the capillary 33 approach the particle surface at a certain speed along the z-axis direction, and return to the initial position after contacting the air bubbles.
  • the displacement sensor 2 generates a dynamic voltage signal due to the displacement change, which is collected by the data acquisition card 62 and transmitted to the PC terminal 63;
  • the acquisition card 62 collects and transmits to the PC terminal 63 ;
  • the CMOS camera 51 photographs and records the interaction process between particles and air bubbles, and transmits the captured images to the PC terminal 63 .
  • Step 4 Process the voltage signal on the PC terminal 63 .
  • the dynamic voltage signal generated by the displacement sensor 2 is converted into a "displacement-time” curve; the dynamic voltage signal is processed by low-pass filtering, and the dynamic The voltage signal is converted into a "force-time” curve; the "force-displacement” curve can be obtained by combining the "displacement-time” curve with the "force-time” curve.
  • Step 5 Use the image analysis software on the PC terminal 63 to read the picture sequence recorded by the CMOS camera 51, measure the length of the three-phase contact line and the dynamic contact angle at different times, and realize the direct observation of the dynamic process of the interaction between particles and bubbles.

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Abstract

一种浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***及测试方法，属于灵敏力测试研究技术领域，解决了现有技术中测量设备价格高昂，且多适用于低雷诺数流体动力学条件的现状下的问题；测试***包括运动驱动单元、位移传感器 (2)、气泡生成单元、力学测试单元、图像监测单元和信号采集处理单元，运动驱动单元与气泡生成单元连接，并能够在竖直方向上运动，位移传感器 (2)与运动驱动单元连接，力学测试单元设于气泡生成单元的下方，图像监测单元设于力学测试单元的侧方，信号采集处理单元分别与位移传感器 (2)、力学测试单元、图像监测单元电连接；操作灵活，成本可控。

Description

浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***及测试方法 技术领域
本发明涉及灵敏力测试研究技术领域，尤其涉及一种浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***及测试方法。
背景技术
浮选被广泛认为是细粒矿物及煤炭分选提质的最有效手段，根据颗粒表面物理化学性质的差异实现目的矿物与脉石颗粒间选择性分离。浮选矿浆是由水、矿物颗粒、气泡及浮选药剂组成的复杂多相体系，疏水颗粒通过与气泡发生粘附形成气絮体上浮成为精矿产品，而亲水颗粒则留在矿浆中被排出成为尾矿产品。
颗粒与气泡间的相互作用作为浮选中的基本作用单元，直接决定着浮选过程及分选效率的高低。一般而言，颗粒与气泡相互作用受颗粒与气泡间表面力及流体力协同控制，研究颗粒与气泡间相互作用力，明晰其相互作用机理具有重要的科学意义，可为低阶煤、氧化煤等难浮煤及复杂难选矿物的分选过程强化提供理论指导。
自20世纪30年代始，颗粒与气泡间相互作用就引起了国内外学者的广泛关注并逐渐涌现出一系列试验技术用于检测其相互作用力，以AFM(Atomic Force Microscope，原子力显微镜)应用最为广泛。AFM依靠胶体探针技术，通过激光信号检测微悬臂弯曲量，以获得颗粒和气泡之间的相互作用力，其力分辨率高达0.1nN，但AFM只适用于较低接近速度下的微观尺寸颗粒与气泡的相互作用力测量，雷诺数一般小于10-2，远远低于浮选中流体动力学参数。
因此，开发一种反应灵敏，能够在更宽速度范围内准确测量浮选尺寸颗粒与气泡间相互作用力的试验***极其必要。
发明内容
鉴于上述的分析，本发明实施例旨在提供一种浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***及测试方法，用以解决现有力测量设备价格高昂，且多适用于低雷诺数流体动力学条件的现状下的问题。
一方面，本发明提供了一种浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***，包括运动驱动单元、位移传感器、气泡生成单元、力学测试单元、图像监测单元和信号采集处理单元，所述运动驱动单元与所述气泡生成单元连接，并能够在竖直方向上运动，所述位移传感器与所述运动驱动单元连接，所述力学测试单元设于气泡生成单元的下方，所述图像监测单元设于力学测试单元的侧方，所述信号采集处理单元分别与所述位移传感器、所述力学测试单元、所述图像监测单元电连接。
进一步地，所述运动驱动单元用于驱动气泡接近样品，所述位移传感器的测量触头与所述运动驱动单元连接，用于采集所述运动驱动单元位移变化产生的动态电压信号，所述力学测试单元用于检测浮选颗粒与气泡相互作用过程中的微形变，并将微行变转化为电信号。
进一步地，所述图像监测单元用于观察浮选颗粒与气泡相互作用过程和测量三相接触周边与动态接触角，所述信号采集处理单元用于采集产生的图像和动态电压信号，并将电压信号转变为“位移-时间”曲线与“力-时间”曲线。
进一步地，所述运动驱动单元包括电动马达、控制器、和位移台，所述电动马达和所述位移台连接，所述控制器和所述电动马达电连接，并控制所述电动马达驱动所述位移台上下移动。
进一步地，所述气泡生成单元用于生成毫米级的气泡，具体包括注射器、软管和毛细管，所述注射器与所述毛细管通过所述软管连通。
进一步地，所述毛细管竖直设置，所述毛细管一端与所述位移台连接，另一端为自由端。
进一步地，所述力学测试单元包括透明液体槽、电阻桥力传感器和样品夹持部件，所述电阻桥力传感器设于所述透明液体槽中，所述样品夹持部件与所述电阻桥力传感器的自由端连接。
进一步地，所述样品夹持部件位于所述毛细管的正下方。
进一步地，所述信号采集处理单元包括差分放大器、数据采集卡和PC端，所述差分放大器用于将所述电阻桥力传感器产生的电压信号放大，放大后的电压信号与所述位移传感器产生的电压信号一同经所述数据采集卡采集并传输至所述PC端，所述PC端将两路电压信号分别转换为“力-时间”曲线与“位移-时间”曲线。
另一方面，本发明提供了一种浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试方法，采用上述浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***，步骤包括：
步骤1：在与电阻桥力传感器连接的样品夹持部件上放置一系列已知质量的砝码，记录产生的电压值，绘制力与电压的标准曲线，得到力与电压的线性关系；
步骤2：在与电阻桥力传感器连接的样品夹持部件上放置待测固体颗粒，使用注射器在与位移台相连的毛细管的自由端生成一个毫米级的气泡；
步骤3：控制电动马达驱动位移台上下移动，使毛细管自由端的气泡沿z轴方向以一定速度接近颗粒表面，与气泡发生接触后退回初始位置；
步骤4：在PC端上进行电压信号的处理，将位移传感器产生的动态电压信号转变为“位移-时间”曲线；使用低通滤波处理动态电压信号，利用校准步骤获取的“力-电压”标准曲 线，将动态电压信号转换为“力-时间”曲线；将“位移-时间”曲线与“力-时间”曲线结合，可得到“力-位移”曲线；
步骤5：PC端上的图像分析软件读取图像监测单元记录的图片序列，测量不同时刻下的三相接触线长度与动态接触角，实现颗粒与气泡间相互作用动态过程的直接观察。
与现有技术相比，本发明至少可实现如下有益效果之一：
(1)本发明允许用户在动态和平衡条件下研究两个胶体之间(如颗粒与气泡、气泡与气泡)的相互作用。
(2)本发明适用于研究流体动力学条件对相互作用力的影响。本发明的运动驱动单元提供较大的垂直位移，与最大z向位移仅为20μm的商业AFM相比，可以在很短的时间内实现毫米级运动位移。接近/退回速度可以在μm/s到mm/s范围内变化，实现更宽速度范围内浮选颗粒与气泡的相互作用力测量。
(3)本发明选用的高速数据采集卡，采样频率高达10kHz，具有较高的时间分辨率，这样的特征使用户能够精确地跟踪颗粒与气泡的整个接近、接触、分离过程。
(4)本发明集成CMOS相机监测，对整个相互作用过程进行拍摄记录，可同步实现颗粒与气泡相互作用力与三相接触周边、动态接触角的同步测量。
(5)本发明具有较高的灵活性。试验过程中可通过更换不同规格尺寸的毛细管和样品夹持部件更灵活地改变气泡/颗粒尺寸，克服了传统AFM测试种因微悬臂直径限制，对颗粒/气泡尺寸上限(100μm)的要求。通过更换不同类型的样品夹持部件，还可实现不同样品间(颗粒与颗粒、气泡与气泡)相互作用力的测量。
(6)本本发明与AFM等商业集成式力测量设备相比，具有操作灵活、成本可控的优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明的相互作用力测试***的结构示意图。
附图标记：
11-电动马达；12-控制器；13-位移台；14-固定台；2-位移传感器；31-注射器；32-软管；33-毛细管；41-透明液体槽；42-电阻桥力传感器；43-样品夹持部件，44-被动隔振台；51-CMOS相机；52-LED光源；61-差分放大器；62-数据采集卡；63-PC端。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图来具体描述本发明的优选实施例，其中，附图构成本发明一部分，并与本发明的实施例一起用于阐释本发明的原理，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
本发明的一个具体实施例，如 图1所示，公开了一种浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***(以下简称“相互力测试***”)，包括运动驱动单元、位移传感器2、气泡生成单元、力学测试单元、图像监测单元和信号采集处理单元。运动驱动单元与气泡生成单元连接，并能够在竖直方向上运动，位移传感器2与运动驱动单元连接，力学测试单元设于气泡生成单元的下方，图像监测单元设于力学测试单元的侧方，信号采集处理单元与位移传感器2、力学测试单元、图像监测单元电连接。
运动驱动单元用于驱动气泡接近样品。位移传感器2的测量触头与运动驱动单元连接，用于采集运动驱动单元位移变化产生的动态电压信号。力学测试单元用于检测浮选颗粒与气泡相互作用过程中的微形变，并将微行变转化为电信号。
图像监测单元用于观察浮选颗粒与气泡相互作用过程，测量三相接触周边与动态接触角。信号采集处理单元用于采集产生的图像和动态电压信号，并将电压信号转变为“位移-时间”曲线与“力-时间”曲线。
运动驱动单元用于驱动气泡以一定速度接近、接触与远离浮选颗粒，具体地，运动驱动单元包括电动马达11、控制器12、位移台13和固定台14。位移台13与固定台14连接，电动马达11与位移台13连接，控制器12与电动马达11电连接。控制器12用来控制电动马达11驱动位移台13上下移动，运动速度可以在μm/s到mm/s范围内变化。
示例性地，固定台14上设有竖直方向的导轨，位移台13与导轨滑动连接，固定台14上还设有与电动马达11连接的丝杠，位移台13与丝杠螺纹连接，电动马达13转动带动丝杠转动进而带动位移条13沿固定台14在竖直方向上移动。
本实施例中，位移传感器2通过支架固定，其测量触头与运动驱动单元的位移台13连接，用于采集位移台13的直线位移变化产生的动态电压信号。位移传感器2更新速度0.3ms/次，位移分辨率可达2μm，产生的动态电压信号与直线位移变化成正比。
气泡生成单元用于生成毫米级的气泡，具体包括注射器31、软管32与毛细管33，注射器31与毛细管33通过软管32连通，软管32上设有止流阀，毛细管33竖直设置，其一端与位移台13连接，另一端为自由端。使用注射器31能够在毛细管33的自由端生成一个毫米级气泡，当在毛细管33的自由端生成气泡后，关闭止流阀，避免气流返流气泡缩小或消失，使气泡处于稳定的体积状态。
力学测试单元用于检测浮选颗粒与气泡相互作用过程中的微形变，具体包括透明液体槽41、电阻桥力传感器42、样品夹持部件43与被动隔振台44，电阻桥力传感器42设于透明液体槽41中，样品夹持部件43与电阻桥力传感器42的自由端连接。优选地，电阻桥力传感器 42量程可达-40mN～+40mN，力分辨率为μN级，产生的动态电压信号与法向压力成正比。被动隔振台44用于隔离微振动，降低干扰。
具体地，透明液体槽41设于运动驱动单元的下方，样品夹持部件43位于毛细管33的正下方，使得毛细管33在位移台13的带动下向下移动时，毛细管33的自由端生成的气泡可以刚好接触到样品夹持部件43夹持的样品。透明液体槽41放置在被动隔震台44上，电阻桥力传感器42通过安装架设于透明液体槽41的底部，电阻桥力传感器42的一端与安装架固连，另一端为用于设置样品夹持部件43的自由端。
图像监测单元包括CMOS相机51与LED光源52，用于观察浮选颗粒与气泡相互作用过程，可根据试验条件调整LED光源52亮度与CMOS相机51帧速等参数。本实施例中，CMOS相机51和LED光源52分别设于透明液体槽41的两侧。
信号采集处理单元包括差分放大器61、数据采集卡62和PC端63，差分放大器61与数据采集卡62信号输入端电连接，数据采集卡62输出端与PC端63电连接。差分放大器61用于将电阻桥力传感器42产生的电压信号放大，放大后的电压信号与位移传感器2产生的电压信号一同经数据采集卡62采集并传输至PC端63，使用PC端63将两路电压信号分别转换为“力-时间”曲线与“位移-时间”曲线。另外，PC端63还用于接收图像监测单元的CMOS相机51拍摄的图像，对图像进行处理可获得浮选颗粒与气泡相互作用过程中的三相接触周边与动态接触角。
需要说明的是，本实施例的相互力测试***，通过更换不同类型的样品夹持部件，还可实现不同样品间(颗粒与颗粒、气泡与气泡)相互作用力的测量。
示例性地，当测量颗粒与颗粒之间的相互作用力时，可以将颗粒直接粘在毛细管33的底部，可理解地，也可以通过在固定台14的下端连接能够夹持颗粒的夹持部件，在位移台13的带动下，使上面的颗粒靠近或远离位于样品夹持部件43上的颗粒，实现颗粒与颗粒的相互作用力测量。
示例性地，当测量气泡与气泡之间的相互作用力时，可以在样品夹持部件43的上端注射一个气泡，可理解地，也可以用样品夹持部件43夹持一个注射器，通过注射器产生一个气泡，在位移台13的带动下，使上面毛细管33产生的气泡靠近或远离位于电阻桥力传感器42的悬臂端上的气泡，实现气泡与气泡的相互作用力测量。
与现有技术相比，本实施例提供的相互力测试***，允许用户在动态和平衡条件下研究两个胶体之间(如颗粒与气泡、气泡与气泡)的相互作用。适用于研究流体动力学条件对相互作用力的影响。运动驱动单元提供较大(本实施例为mm数量级)的垂直位移，与最大z向位移 仅为20μm的商业AFM相比，可以在很短的时间内实现毫米级运动位移。接近/退回速度可以在μm/s到mm/s范围内变化，实现更宽速度范围内浮选颗粒与气泡的相互作用力测量。高速数据采集卡采样频率高达10kHz，具有较高的时间分辨率，这样的特征使用户能够精确地跟踪颗粒与气泡的整个接近、接触、分离过程。集成CMOS相机监测，对整个相互作用过程进行拍摄记录，可同步实现颗粒与气泡相互作用力与三相接触周边、动态接触角的同步测量。试验过程中可通过更换不同规格尺寸的毛细管和样品夹持部件更灵活地改变气泡/颗粒尺寸，克服了传统AFM测试种因微悬臂直径限制，对颗粒/气泡尺寸上限(100μm)的要求。通过更换不同类型的样品夹持部件，还可实现不同样品间(颗粒与颗粒、气泡与气泡)相互作用力的测量。与AFM等商业集成式力测量设备相比，具有操作灵活、成本可控的优点。
实施例2
本发明的另一个具体实施例，公开了一种浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试方法，采用实施例1的浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***，步骤包括：
步骤1：在与电阻桥力传感器42连接的样品夹持部件43上放置一系列已知质量的砝码，记录产生的电压值，绘制力与电压的标准曲线，得到力与电压的线性关系。
步骤2：在与电阻桥力传感器42连接的样品夹持部件43上放置待测固体颗粒，使用注射器31在与位移台13相连的毛细管33自由端生成一个毫米级的气泡。
步骤3：使用控制器12控制电动马达11驱动位移台13上下移动，使毛细管33自由端的气泡沿z轴方向以一定速度接近颗粒表面，与气泡发生接触后退回初始位置。
位移传感器2因位移变化产生动态电压信号，由数据采集卡62采集并传输给PC端63；电阻桥力传感器42在法向压力的作用下，产生动态电压信号，经差分放大器61放大后由数据采集卡62采集并传输至PC端63；CMOS相机51拍摄记录颗粒与气泡相互作用过程，并将拍摄图像传输至PC端63。
步骤4：在PC端63上进行电压信号的处理。依据位移与电压的正比关系，将位移传感器2产生的动态电压信号转变为“位移-时间”曲线；使用低通滤波处理动态电压信号，利用校准步骤获取的“力-电压”标准曲线，将动态电压信号转换为“力-时间”曲线；将“位移-时间”曲线与“力-时间”曲线结合，可得到“力-位移”曲线。
步骤5：用PC端63上的图像分析软件读取CMOS相机51记录的图片序列，测量不同时刻下的三相接触线长度与动态接触角，实现颗粒与气泡间相互作用动态过程的直接观察。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***，其特征在于，包括运动驱动单元、位移传感器(2)、气泡生成单元、力学测试单元、图像监测单元和信号采集处理单元，所述运动驱动单元与所述气泡生成单元连接，并能够在竖直方向上运动，所述位移传感器(2)与所述运动驱动单元连接，所述力学测试单元设于气泡生成单元的下方，所述图像监测单元设于力学测试单元的侧方，所述信号采集处理单元分别与所述位移传感器(2)、所述力学测试单元、所述图像监测单元电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***，其特征在于，所述运动驱动单元用于驱动气泡接近样品，所述位移传感器(2)的测量触头与所述运动驱动单元连接，用于采集所述运动驱动单元位移变化产生的动态电压信号，所述力学测试单元用于检测浮选颗粒与气泡相互作用过程中的微形变，并将微行变转化为电信号。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***，其特征在于，所述图像监测单元用于观察浮选颗粒与气泡相互作用过程和测量三相接触周边与动态接触角，所述信号采集处理单元用于采集产生的图像和动态电压信号，并将电压信号转变为“位移-时间”曲线与“力-时间”曲线。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***，其特征在于，所述运动驱动单元包括电动马达(11)、控制器(12)、和位移台(13)，所述电动马达(11)和所述位移台(13)连接，所述控制器(12)和所述电动马达(11)电连接，并控制所述电动马达(11)驱动所述位移台(13)上下移动。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***，其特征在于，所述气泡生成单元用于生成毫米级的气泡，具体包括注射器(31)、软管(32)和毛细管(33)，所述注射器(31)与所述毛细管(33)通过所述软管(32)连通。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***，其特征在于，所述毛细管(33)竖直设置，所述毛细管(33)一端与所述位移台(13)连接，另一端为自由端。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***，其特征在于，所述力学测试单元包括透明液体槽(41)、电阻桥力传感器(42)和样品夹持部件(43)，所述电阻桥力传感器(42)设于所述透明液体槽(41)中，所述样品夹持部件(43)与所述电阻桥力传感器(42)的自由端连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***，其特征在于，所述样品夹持部件(43)位于所述毛细管(33)的正下方。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***，其特征在于，所述信号采集处理单元包括差分放大器(61)、数据采集卡(62)和PC端(63)，所述差分放大器(61)用于将所述电阻桥力传感器(42)产生的电压信号放大，放大后的电压信号与所述位移传感器(2)产生的电压信号一同经所述数据采集卡(62)采集并传输至所述PC端(63)，所述PC端(63)将两路电压信号分别转换为“力-时间”曲线与“位移-时间”曲线。
  10. 一种浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试方法，其特征在于，采用权利要求1-9所述的浮选颗粒与气泡间动态相互作用力测试***，步骤包括：
    步骤1：在与电阻桥力传感器(42)连接的样品夹持部件(43)上放置一系列已知质量的砝码，记录产生的电压值，绘制力与电压的标准曲线，得到力与电压的线性关系；
    步骤2：在与电阻桥力传感器(42)连接的样品夹持部件(43)上放置待测固体颗粒，使用注射器(31)在与位移台(13)相连的毛细管(33)的自由端生成一个毫米级的气泡；
    步骤3：控制电动马达(11)驱动位移台(13)上下移动，使毛细管(33)自由端的气泡沿z轴方向以一定速度接近颗粒表面，与气泡发生接触后退回初始位置；
    步骤4：在PC端(63)上进行电压信号的处理，将位移传感器(2)产生的动态电压信号转变为“位移-时间”曲线；使用低通滤波处理动态电压信号，利用校准步骤获取的“力-电压”标准曲线，将动态电压信号转换为“力-时间”曲线；将“位移-时间”曲线与“力-时间”曲线结合，可得到“力-位移”曲线；
    步骤5：PC端(63)上的图像分析软件读取图像监测单元记录的图片序列，测量不同时刻下的三相接触线长度与动态接触角，实现颗粒与气泡间相互作用动态过程的直接观察。
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