WO2023060980A1 - 一种两挡变速电动轮 - Google Patents
一种两挡变速电动轮 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023060980A1 WO2023060980A1 PCT/CN2022/107787 CN2022107787W WO2023060980A1 WO 2023060980 A1 WO2023060980 A1 WO 2023060980A1 CN 2022107787 W CN2022107787 W CN 2022107787W WO 2023060980 A1 WO2023060980 A1 WO 2023060980A1
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- Prior art keywords
- disc brake
- brake
- electric wheel
- planetary gear
- speed
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 58
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
- B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
- B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
- B60K17/046—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion
Definitions
- the application belongs to the technical field of electric vehicle drive, and specifically provides a two-speed variable speed electric wheel.
- Electric vehicles driven by electric wheels have simple structure, transmission With the characteristics of short chain and high transmission efficiency, it can be installed flexibly on the car, and can effectively improve the space utilization of the body, greatly improving the performance of traditional central motor-driven electric vehicles, and has become the direction of electric vehicles with the most development potential.
- the application provides a two-speed variable-speed electric wheel, including a drive motor, a two-speed transmission mechanism, a casing, a rim and a main shaft, and the casing wraps the drive motor and
- the two-speed transmission mechanism, the two-speed transmission mechanism includes a planetary gear assembly, a first disc brake and a second disc brake, a first oil passage leading to the first disc brake is formed in the housing,
- the main shaft is provided with a second oil passage leading to the second disc brake, so as to make the second disc brake work
- the planetary gear assembly is provided with a power input end and a power output end, the power input end is connected to the rotor of the drive motor, and the power output end is connected to the rim drive to transmit the power of the drive motor to the rim through the planetary gear assembly to drive the electric wheel Rotate, start the first disc brake and close the second brake to make the planetary gear assembly work in the first gear mode, realize the first
- the electric wheel further includes a disc brake
- the disc brake includes a caliper body and a brake disc
- the brake disc is connected to the power output end and the rim respectively, so that the power The output end is in transmission connection with the rim through the brake disc, and the caliper is fixed to the housing for locking the brake disc.
- a third oil passage leading to the caliper body is formed in the housing to drive the caliper body to work.
- the first oil passage and the third oil passage are symmetrically distributed about the main shaft.
- the planetary gear assembly includes a first sun gear, a second sun gear, a short planet gear, a long planet gear, a planet carrier and a ring gear, and the first sun gear, the second sun gear, the planet carrier and a tooth Rotate around the main shaft, the power input end is set on the first sun gear, the power output end is set on the ring gear, the rotation shafts of the short planetary gear and the long planetary gear are fixed On the planet carrier, the short planetary gear is disposed between the first sun gear and the long planetary gear, and the long planetary gear is disposed between the second sun gear and the ring gear.
- the first disc brake is connected to the housing and the planet carrier respectively, the activated first disc brake brakes the planet carrier, and the second disc brake is connected to the planet carrier.
- the casing is connected to the planet carrier respectively, and the activated second plate brake brakes the second sun gear.
- the rotor of the drive motor is integrally formed with the power input end.
- the housing includes a motor housing and a transmission housing, and the motor housing and the transmission housing are fixedly connected.
- a first bearing is provided between the main shaft and the rotor, and a second bearing is provided between the main shaft and the planetary gear assembly.
- the drive motor is an inner rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor.
- the electric wheel can choose different gears to provide driving force according to the actual driving conditions, which increases the range of speed regulation and torque of the drive motor, and helps improve the performance of the car.
- the acceleration ability and climbing ability of the vehicle increase the power performance of the vehicle.
- it increases the opportunity for the drive motor to work in the high-efficiency range, reduces the power consumption of the electric wheel vehicle, increases the mileage of the vehicle, and improves the vehicle performance. economic performance.
- the structure is compact, the space utilization inside the electric wheel is optimized, and the axial size and overall volume of the electric wheel are reduced.
- the power two-speed shift of the drive motor can be realized, and there is no power interruption during the shift process, which helps to improve the power performance and driving comfort of the car.
- the brake oil circuits of the two disk brakes in the casing and the main shaft respectively, one oil circuit is located outside the entire drive system, and the other oil circuit is located inside the drive system, and the two oil circuits can control the motor wheels.
- the drive system has a relatively uniform heat dissipation function, which improves the safety of the electric wheel.
- the power output end is connected to the rim through the brake disc, so that the brake disc of the caliper can stop the power transmission to the rim , so that the parking brake function of the electric wheel can be realized on the basis of the shift function, the comprehensive function of the electric wheel is improved, and the applicability of the electric wheel is improved.
- the third oil passage of the disc brake in the casing, it can jointly perform a heat dissipation function with the oil passages of the two disk brakes, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect.
- the position distribution of the three oil passages is reasonable, which helps to optimize the mechanism and facilitate the manufacture of the housing; on the other hand, it also helps To further improve the uniformity of heat dissipation.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electric wheel in one or more embodiments of the present application
- Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of some electric wheels in one or more embodiments of the present application.
- Fig. 3 is the enlarged view of place A in Fig. 2;
- Fig. 4 is the enlarged view of place B in Fig. 2;
- Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the main shaft part in one or more embodiments of the present application.
- connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a It is a detachable connection or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, or it may be an internal communication between two components.
- connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a It is a detachable connection or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, or it may be an internal communication between two components.
- the application provides a two-speed variable speed electric wheel, including a drive motor, a two-speed speed change mechanism, a casing, a rim and a main shaft, the casing wraps the drive motor and a two-speed speed change mechanism, and the two-speed speed change mechanism includes a planetary gear assembly, a first Disc brake and second disc brake, the first oil path leading to the first disc brake is formed in the housing to make the first disc brake work, and the second oil circuit leading to the second disc brake is provided in the main shaft Road, so that the second disc brake works, the planetary gear assembly is provided with a power input end and a power output end, the power input end is connected with the rotor of the driving motor, and the power output end is connected with the wheel rim for transmission through the planetary gear assembly The power of the driving motor is transmitted to the rim to drive the electric wheel to rotate.
- the activated first plate brake and the closed second brake make the planetary gear assembly work in the first gear mode, realizing the first gear power transmission to the electric wheel, and the activated second brake.
- the plate brake and the closed first brake make the planetary gear assembly work in the second gear mode to realize the second gear power transmission to the electric wheel.
- This application sets the two-speed transmission system inside the electric wheel, so that the electric wheel can select different gears according to the actual driving conditions to provide driving force, which increases the range of speed regulation and torque of the drive motor, and helps to improve the speed of the car.
- the acceleration ability and climbing ability of the vehicle increase the power performance of the vehicle.
- it increases the opportunity for the drive motor to work in the high-efficiency range, reduces the power consumption of the electric wheel vehicle, increases the mileage of the vehicle, and improves the vehicle performance. economic performance.
- the structure is compact, the space utilization inside the electric wheel is optimized, and the axial size and overall volume of the electric wheel are reduced.
- the electric wheel of the present embodiment includes a housing 1, a drive motor 2, a two-speed transmission mechanism 3, a disc brake 4, a main shaft 5 and a rim 6.
- the drive motor 2 is used to provide a power source
- the drive motor 2 is in transmission connection with the two-speed transmission mechanism 3
- the two-speed transmission mechanism 3 is in transmission connection with the disc brake 4
- the disc brake 4 is in transmission connection with the rim 6, so that the drive motor 2
- the power can be transmitted to the rim 6 via the two-speed transmission mechanism 3 and the disc brake 4 to drive the electric wheel to rotate.
- the two-speed transmission mechanism 3 has two working modes, so that the transmission ratio from the drive motor 2 to the rim 6 can be changed to realize two-speed speed regulation.
- the disc brake 4 can interrupt the transmission of power to the rim 6, thereby realizing the braking of the entire electric wheel.
- the main shaft 5 can position and support the driving structure in the entire electric wheel, and all components of the electric wheel are arranged around the main shaft 5 as a whole.
- the casing 1 completely wraps the drive motor 2 , the two-speed transmission mechanism 3 , the disc brake 4 and the main shaft 5 inside.
- the housing 1 includes a motor housing 11 and a transmission housing 12.
- the split housing 1 facilitates the installation of the drive motor 2 and the two-speed transmission mechanism 3.
- the housing 1 is The wheel is in a fixed state during rotation.
- the driving motor 2 is an inner rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor, including a stator 21, a permanent magnet 22 and a rotor 23, the stator 21 is fixed on the motor housing 11, the permanent magnet 22 and the rotor 23 are fixed, and the stator 21 generates The changing magnetic field can drive the rotor 23 to rotate through the interaction between the magnetic field and the permanent magnet 22 .
- the rotor 23 is connected to the power input end of the two-speed transmission mechanism 3 to transmit the rotational force to the two-speed transmission mechanism 3 .
- the two-speed transmission mechanism 3 includes a planetary gear assembly 31 , a first disc brake 32 and a second disc brake 33 .
- the planetary gear assembly 31 adopts a Ravigneaux type planetary gear, specifically, the planetary gear assembly 31 includes a first sun gear 311, a second sun gear 312, a short planetary gear 313, a planetary carrier 314, a long planetary gear 315 and teeth ring 316, the first sun gear 311, the second sun gear 312, the planet carrier 314 and the ring gear 316 rotate around the main shaft 5, and at the same time, the first sun gear 311 and the rotor 23 are integrally formed, that is to say, the first sun gear 311 is The power input end of the two-speed transmission mechanism 3.
- the first sun gear 311 and the second sun gear 312 are arranged axially along the main shaft 5, the short planetary gear 313 is in meshing transmission connection with the first sun gear 311, a part of the long planetary gear 315 is in meshing transmission connection with the short planetary gear 313, and the other part is in meshing transmission connection with the short planetary gear 313.
- the second sun gear 312 is in meshing transmission connection, and the ring gear 316 is arranged on the outermost periphery and is in meshing transmission connection with the long planetary gear 315.
- the rotating shafts of the short planetary gear 313 and the long planetary gear 315 are fixed on the planetary carrier 314, because the planetary carrier 314 It can rotate coaxially with the first sun gear 311 , so the short planetary gear 313 and the long planetary gear 315 have two transmission modes of self-rotation and revolution around the first sun gear 311 .
- the ring gear 316 is connected to the rim 6 through the disc brake 4, that is, the ring gear 316 is the power output end of the two-speed transmission mechanism 3, and can transmit the rotational power of the drive motor 2 to the rim 6 through the disc brake 4, thereby driving the electric motor. The wheel turns. Then, by changing the transmission mode of the planetary gear assembly 31 , the transmission ratio between the power input end and the power output end can be changed, thereby realizing switching between different gears.
- an adapter can also be provided between the first sun gear 311 and the rotor 23 as the power input end of the two-speed transmission mechanism 3, and at the same time, the first sun gear 311 and the rotor 23 can not be integrally formed. However, the integral formation of the first sun gear 311 and the rotor 23 is beneficial to simplify the structure and reduce the axial dimension of the electric wheel. Likewise, an adapter can also be provided between the ring gear 316 and the disc brake 4 as the power output end of the two-speed transmission mechanism 3 .
- the first disc brake 32 is fixedly connected to the transmission housing 12 and the planet carrier 314 respectively, wherein the first steel plate 321 of the first disc brake 32 is connected to the transmission housing through an external spline 12, the inner splines of the first friction plate 322 of the first disc brake 32 are connected with the outer splines of the planet carrier 314, and the motor housing 11 is provided with a first oil passage 71, the first oil The road 71 leads to the first disc brake 32 to provide hydraulic oil to the first disc brake 32 to push the first piston 323 to activate the first disc brake 32 .
- the first plate brake 32 When the first plate brake 32 is closed, the first steel plate 321 and the first friction plate 322 are separated, and the planet carrier 314 can rotate freely, and the first plate brake 32 is opened by supplying oil to the first plate brake 32, and the It is to make the first piston 323 move, and then make the first steel plate 321 and the first friction plate 322 fit closely, and use friction to fix the planet carrier 314 so that it cannot rotate.
- the first piston 323 stretches the first reset Spring 324, when the oil pressure is removed, the first piston 323 resets under the action of the first return spring 324, so that the first steel plate 321 and the first friction plate 322 are separated, and the planet carrier 314 can rotate freely again.
- the second disc brake 33 is fixedly connected with the main shaft 5 and the second sun gear 312 respectively, wherein the second steel disc 331 of the second disc brake 33 is connected with the outer spline of the main shaft 5 through an inner spline, and the second disc brake 33 is connected with the outer spline of the main shaft 5 through an inner spline.
- the second friction plate 332 of the brake 33 is connected with the inner spline of the second sun gear 312 through the outer spline, and the second oil passage 72 is arranged in the main shaft 5, and the second oil passage 72 leads to the second disc brake 33, so as to Hydraulic oil is supplied to the second disc brake 33 to push the second piston 333 to activate the second disc brake 33 .
- the second plate brake 33 When the second plate brake 33 is closed, the second steel plate 331 and the second friction plate 332 are separated, the second sun gear 312 can rotate freely, and the second plate brake 33 is opened by supplying oil to the second plate brake 33 , that is to make the second piston 333 move, and then make the second steel plate 331 and the second friction plate 332 fit closely, and use friction to fix the second sun gear 312 so that it cannot rotate.
- the second piston 333 pulls Stretch the second return spring 334, when the oil pressure is removed, the second piston 333 returns under the action of the second return spring 334, so that the second steel plate 331 and the second friction plate 332 are separated, and the second sun gear 312 can be free again. turn.
- the planetary row where the first sun gear 311 is located is a two-stage planetary row, and its motion characteristic equation is:
- the planetary row where the second sun gear 312 is located is a single-stage planetary row, and its motion characteristic equation is:
- k 1 is the characteristic parameter of the planetary row where the first sun gear 311 is located, and its value is Z R /Z S1
- k 2 is the characteristic parameter of the planetary row where the second sun gear 312 is located, and its value is Z R /Z S2
- Z S1 , Z R , Z S2 are the teeth numbers of the first sun gear 311 , the ring gear 316 and the second sun gear 312 respectively.
- the planetary carrier 314 can rotate at this time, that is, the short planetary gear 313 and the long planetary gear 315 are all self-rotating. At the same time, it also revolves around the first sun gear 311, and then drives the ring gear 316 to rotate, but the second sun gear 312 is locked, so it cannot rotate, and the speed is 0. That is to say, the power of the first sun gear 311 is transmitted to the ring gear 316, and then transmitted to the rim 6 by the ring gear 316 to drive the vehicle to realize the second forward gear.
- hydraulic oil is delivered to the first disc brake 32 through the first oil passage 71 and oil is supplied to the second disc brake 33 through the second oil passage 72, so that the first disc brake 32 and the second disc brake 33 are all working, locking the planet carrier 314 and locking the second sun gear 312, so that the long planetary gear 315 cannot rotate or revolve, and cannot transmit power to the ring gear, thereby being in the parking gear.
- both the first disc brake 32 and the second disc brake 33 are inactive, all components of the planetary gear assembly 31 are in a free state, thus in neutral.
- the disc brake 4 includes a caliper 41 and a brake disc 42, the brake disc 42 is fixedly connected with the ring gear 316 and the rim 6 respectively, so that the rotating ring gear 316 can drive the brake disc 42 to rotate, thereby driving
- the rim 6 rotates, specifically, the power of the drive motor 2 is transmitted to the brake disc 42 through the first sun gear 311 and the ring gear 316, and then transmitted to the rim 6 through the brake disc 42, finally realizing the power of the drive motor 2 to the rim 6.
- the power transmission makes the electric wheel rotate.
- the caliper body 41 is used to limit the rotation of the brake disc 42, thereby blocking the transmission of power from the ring gear 316 to the rim 6, thereby realizing braking of the vehicle.
- the housing 1 is provided with a third oil passage 73, and the third oil passage 73 can deliver hydraulic oil to the caliper body 41 to drive the caliper body 41 to clamp the brake disc 42 so that the brake disc 42 cannot rotate. , so as to block the power transmission to the rim 6.
- the first oil passage 71 and the second oil passage 73 are symmetrically distributed about the center of the main shaft 5 .
- a first bearing 81 is provided between the main shaft 5 and the rotor 23, and a second bearing 82 is provided between the main shaft 5 and the first sun gear 311, thereby forming a support for the entire rotating mechanism around the main shaft 5, And it is convenient for the rotating mechanism to rotate around the main shaft 5.
- a third bearing 83 is provided between the brake disc 42 and the housing 1 to facilitate the rotation of the brake disc 42 and the rim 6 .
- the rotor 23 starts to rotate, and the rotating rotor 23 drives the first sun gear 311 to rotate.
- the first gear is required to move forward: send hydraulic oil to the first disc brake 32 through the first oil passage 71 and not supply oil to the second disc brake 33, so that only the first disc brake 32 works, and then lock the planetary carrier 314, so that the power of the first sun gear 311 cannot be transmitted to the planetary carrier 314, which is transmitted to the ring gear 316, and then transmitted to the rim 6 by the ring gear 316 to drive the vehicle.
- the transmission ratio of the first gear refer to the above.
- the second gear When the second gear is required to move forward: send hydraulic oil to the second disc brake 33 through the second oil passage 72 and not supply oil to the first disc brake 32, so that only the second disc brake 33 works, and then lock the second disc brake.
- the sun gear 312 enables the power of the first sun gear 311 to be transmitted to the ring gear 316, and then transmitted to the rim 6 by the ring gear 316 to drive the vehicle.
- For the transmission ratio in the second gear refer to the foregoing description.
- the brake disc 42 can rotate, so that the power is transmitted to the rim 6, so that the electric wheel can rotate, and when oil is supplied to the caliper body 41 through the third oil passage 73, the The caliper body 41 restricts the rotation of the brake disc 42 to play a braking role.
- the drive motor 2 makes the drive motor 2 operate at high efficiency
- the opportunities for interval work increase, which reduces the electric energy consumption of the electric wheel vehicle, increases the mileage of the vehicle, and improves the economic performance of the vehicle.
- the structure is compact, the space utilization inside the electric wheel is optimized, and the axial size and overall volume of the electric wheel are reduced.
- the two-speed power transmission from the drive motor 2 to the electric wheel can be realized, and there is no power interruption during the shift process, which is helpful
- the first oil circuit 71 Located outside the entire driving system, the second oil circuit 72 is located inside the driving system.
- the two oil circuits can provide a relatively uniform heat dissipation function for the driving system of the electric wheel and improve the safety of the electric wheel.
- the power output end is connected to the rim through the brake disc 42, so that the caliper 41 locks the brake disc 42
- the power transmission to the rim 6 can be stopped, so that the braking function of the electric wheel can be realized on the basis of the gear shifting function, the comprehensive function of the electric wheel is improved, and the applicability of the electric wheel is improved.
- the third oil passage 73 of the disc brake 4 in the housing 1 , it can jointly perform a heat dissipation function together with the first oil passage 71 and the second oil passage 72 , thereby improving the heat dissipation effect.
- the position distribution of the three oil passages is reasonable, which helps to optimize the mechanism and facilitates the manufacture of the housing 1, and on the other hand On the one hand, it also helps to further improve the uniformity of heat dissipation.
- the difference from the first embodiment is that the structure of the planetary gear assembly of this embodiment is different.
- the Lavigne type planetary gear assembly in the first embodiment it adopts a Simpson Type planetary gear assembly or CR-CR combined planetary gear mechanism, through a certain arrangement to achieve two-speed transmission.
- the transmission ratio of the Lavina type planetary gear is more reasonable.
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Abstract
本申请提供了一种两挡变速电动轮，包括驱动电机、两挡变速机构、壳体、轮辋和主轴，壳体包裹驱动电机和两挡变速机构，两挡变速机构包括行星齿轮组件、第一片式制动器和第二片式制动器，壳体内形成通向第一片式制动器的第一油路，主轴内设有通向第二片式制动器的第二油路，驱动电机的转子与行星齿轮组件的动力输入端传动连接，轮辋与行星齿轮组件的动力输出端传动连接，启动的第一片式制动器和关闭的第二片式制动器使行星齿轮组件以一挡模式工作，启动的第二片式制动器和关闭的第一片式制动器使行星齿轮组件以二挡模式工作。本申请的电动轮有助于提高整车的动力性能，并且实现了驱动***的散热。
Description
本申请要求于2021年10月13日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111193467.9、发明名称为"一种两挡变速电动轮"的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请属于电动汽车驱动技术领域，具体提供了一种两挡变速电动轮。
汽车排放和能源消耗已经成为了世界性问题，因此，低排放和低能源消耗的纯电动汽车和混合动力汽车成为当前汽车产业发展的主流之一，采用电动轮驱动的电动汽车具有结构简单、传动链短、传动效率高的特点，在汽车上安装灵活，且能够有效提高车身空间利用率，极大改善传统中央电机驱动电动汽车的性能，成为了最具发展潜力的电动汽车方向。
目前，汽车用电动轮有电机直接驱动或电机经固定减速比装置驱动两种方式，直接驱动电动轮要求驱动电机的恒转矩阶段输出的转矩增大，且在高速运行时需求功率大，因此直接驱动会增加对驱动电机功率需求，增大驱动电机的体积，从而增加驱动电机制造成本；经固定减速比装置驱动的电动轮不能很好利用驱动电机的高效率区域，灵活性较差，若驱动电机长时间工作在低效率区域，则会降低电池的使用效率，进而降低纯电动汽车的整车使用经济性。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的至少一个技术问题，本申请提供了一种两挡变速电动轮，包括驱动电机、两挡变速机构、壳体、轮辋和主轴，所述壳体包裹所述驱动电机和所述两挡变速机构，所述两挡变速机构包括行星齿轮组件、第一片式制动器和第二片式制动器，所述壳体内形成通向所述第一片式制动器的第一油路，以使第一片式制动器工作，所述主轴内设有通向所述第二片式制动器的第二油路，以使所述第二片式制动器工作，所述行星齿轮组件设有动力输入端和动力输出端，所述动力输入 端与所述驱动电机的转子传动连接，所述动力输出端与所述轮辋传动连接，以通过行星齿轮组件将驱动电机的动力传递给轮辋来驱使电动轮转动，启动的所述第一片式制动器和关闭的所述第二制动器使所述行星齿轮组件以一挡模式工作，实现向电动轮的一挡动力传递，启动的所述第二片式制动器和关闭的所述第一制动器使所述行星齿轮组件以二挡模式工作，实现向电动轮的二挡动力传递。
可选地，所述电动轮还包括盘式制动器，所述盘式制动器包括钳体和制动盘，所述制动盘与所述动力输出端和所述轮辋分别连接，以使所述动力输出端通过所述制动盘与所述轮辋传动连接，所述钳体固定于所述壳体以用于锁定所述制动盘。
可选地，所述壳体内形成有通向所述钳体的第三油路，以驱使所述钳体工作。
可选地，所述第一油路与所述第三油路关于所述主轴呈中心对称分布。
可选地，所述行星齿轮组件包括第一太阳轮、第二太阳轮、短行星齿轮、长行星齿轮、行星架和齿圈，所述第一太阳轮、第二太阳轮、行星架和齿圈绕所述主轴转动，所述动力输入端设置在所述第一太阳轮上，所述动力输出端设置在所述齿圈上，所述短行星齿轮和所述长行星齿轮的转轴均固定于所述行星架，所述短行星齿轮设置在所述第一太阳轮和所述长行星齿轮之间，所述长行星齿轮设置在所述第二太阳轮和所述齿圈之间。
可选地，所述第一片式制动器与所述壳体和所述行星架分别连接，启动的所述第一片式制动器制动所述行星架，所述第二片式制动器与所述壳体和所述行星架分别连接，启动的所述第二片式制动器制动所述第二太阳轮。
可选地，所述驱动电机的转子与所述动力输入端一体成型。
可选地，所述壳体包括电机壳体和变速器壳体，所述电机壳体和所述变速器壳体固定连接。
可选地，所述主轴与所述转子之间设有第一轴承，所述主轴与所述行星齿轮组件之间设有第二轴承。
可选地，所述驱动电机为内转子永磁同步电机。
本领域技术人员能够理解的是，本申请前述的两挡变速电动轮至少具有如下有 益效果：
1、通过在电动轮内部设置两挡变速***，使得电动轮能够根据实际行驶工况选择不同的挡位提供驱动力，增大了驱动电机调速及转矩的变化范围，有助于提高汽车的加速能力与爬坡能力，增加整车的动力性能，同时，使得驱动电机在高效率区间工作的机会增加，降低了电动轮汽车的电能消耗，使整车的续驶里程增加，提高整车的经济性能。并且，通过将驱动电机和两挡变速机构集成在壳体内，结构紧凑，优化了电动轮内部的空间利用，有助于减小电动轮的轴向尺寸及整体体积。另外，通过两个片式制动器控制行星齿轮组件的工作模式，能够实现驱动电机的动力两挡变换，且换挡过程无动力中断，有助于提高汽车的动力性能和驾驶的舒适性，而且，通过将两个片式制动器的制动油路分别设置在壳体内和主轴内，一条油路位于整个驱动***的外部，另一条油路位于驱动***的内部，两条油路能够对电动轮的驱动***起到较为均匀散热功能，提高电动轮的使用安全性。
2、通过设置盘式制动器，并将制动盘与动力输出端和轮辋分别连接，使得动力输出端通过制动盘与轮辋传动连接，使得钳体制动制动盘就可以停止向轮辋的动力传递，从而在换挡功能的基础上能够实现电动轮的停车制动功能，提升了电动轮的综合功能，提高了电动轮的适用性。
进一步地，通过将盘式制动器的第三油路设置在壳体内，能够与两个片式制动器的油路共同起到散热功能，提高了散热效果。并且，通过将第三油路与第一油路关于主轴中心对称分布，一方面，使得三条油路的位置分布合理，有助于优化机构，也便于壳体的制造，另一方面，也有助于进一步提高散热的均匀性。
下面参照附图来描述本申请的部分实施例，附图中：
图1是本申请一个或多个实施例中电动轮的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一个或多个实施例中部分电动轮的结构示意图；
图3是图2中A处的放大图；
图4是图2中B处的放大图；
图5是本申请一个或多个实施例中主轴部分的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
1、壳体；11、电机壳体；12、变速器壳体；2、驱动电机；21、定子；22、永磁体；23、转子；3、两挡变速机构；31、行星齿轮组件；311、第一太阳轮；312、第二太阳轮；313、短行星齿轮；314、行星架；315、长行星齿轮；316、齿圈；32、第一片式制动器；321、第一钢片；322、第一摩擦片；323、第一活塞；324、第一复位弹簧；33、第二片式制动器；331、第二钢片；332、第二摩擦片；333、第二活塞；334、第二复位弹簧；4、盘式制动器；41、钳体；42、制动盘；5、主轴；6、轮辋；71、第一油路；72、第二油路；73、第三油路；81、第一轴承；82、第二轴承；83、第三轴承。
本领域技术人员应当理解的是，下文所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是本申请的全部实施例，该一部分实施例旨在用于解释本申请的技术原理，并非用于限制本申请的保护范围。基于本申请提供的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动的情况下所获得的其它所有实施例，仍应落入到本申请的保护范围之内。
需要说明的是，在本申请的描述中，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“顶部”“底部”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，这仅仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外，还需要说明的是，在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连， 也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，还可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请提供了一种两挡变速电动轮，包括驱动电机、两挡变速机构、壳体、轮辋和主轴，壳体包裹驱动电机和两挡变速机构，两挡变速机构包括行星齿轮组件、第一片式制动器和第二片式制动器，壳体内形成通向第一片式制动器的第一油路，以使第一片式制动器工作，主轴内设有通向第二片式制动器的第二油路，以使第二片式制动器工作，行星齿轮组件设有动力输入端和和动力输出端，动力输入端与驱动电机的转子传动连接，动力输出端与轮辋传动连接，以通过行星齿轮组件将驱动电机的动力传递给轮辋来驱使电动轮转动，启动的第一片式制动器和关闭的第二制动器使行星齿轮组件以一挡模式工作，实现向电动轮的一挡动力传递，启动的第二片式制动器和关闭的第一制动器使行星齿轮组件以二挡模式工作，实现向电动轮的二挡动力传递。
本申请通过在电动轮内部设置两挡变速***，使得电动轮能够根据实际行驶工况选择不同的挡位提供驱动力，增大了驱动电机调速及转矩的变化范围，有助于提高汽车的加速能力与爬坡能力，增加整车的动力性能，同时，使得驱动电机在高效率区间工作的机会增加，降低了电动轮汽车的电能消耗，使整车的续驶里程增加，提高整车的经济性能。并且，通过在将驱动电机和两挡变速机构集成在壳体内，结构紧凑，优化了电动轮内部的空间利用，有助于减小电动轮的轴向尺寸及整体体积。另外，通过两个片式制动器控制行星齿轮组件的转动模式，能够实现驱动电机的动力两挡变换，且换挡过程无动力中断，有助于提高汽车的动力性能和驾驶的舒适性，而且，通过将两个片式制动器的制动油路分别设置在壳体内和主轴内，一条油路位于整个驱动***的外部，另一条油路位于驱动***的内部，两条油路能够对电动轮的驱动***起到较为均匀散热功能。
下面参照附图及具体实施例对本申请的两挡变速电动轮的具体结构进行说明。
本申请的第一实施例：
如图1所示，本实施例的电动轮包括壳体1、驱动电机2、两挡变速机构3、盘 式制动器4、主轴5和轮辋6。其中，驱动电机2用于提供动力源，驱动电机2与两挡变速机构3传动连接，两挡变速机构3与盘式制动器4传动连接，盘式制动器4与轮辋6传动连接，使得驱动电机2的动力可以经由两挡变速机构3、盘式制动器4传递至轮辋6，以驱动电动轮转动。两挡变速机构3具有两种工作模式，从而能够改变驱动电机2向轮辋6的传动比，实现两挡调速。盘式制动器4能够中断动力向轮辋6的传递，从而实现整个电动轮的制动。主轴5能够对整个电动轮中的驱动结构起到定位和支撑作用，电动轮的所有构件整体上围绕主轴5设置。壳体1将驱动电机2、两挡变速机构3、盘式制动器4以及主轴5整体包裹在内部。
结合图1至图2所示，壳体1包括电机壳体11和变速器壳体12，分体式的壳体1便于驱动电机2和两挡变速机构3的安装，同时，壳体1在电动轮的转动过程中处于固定状态。具体来说，驱动电机2为内转子永磁同步电机，包括定子21、永磁体22和转子23，定子21固定在电机壳体11上，永磁体22和转子23固定，定子21通电之后产生变化的磁场，就可以通过磁场与永磁体22之间的作用驱使转子23转动。转子23与两挡变速机构3的动力输入端连接，以将转动力传递给两挡变速机构3。
继续参照图1和图2所示，进一步地，两挡变速机构3包括行星齿轮组件31、第一片式制动器32和第二片式制动器33。其中，行星齿轮组件31采用拉维娜式行星齿轮，具体来说，行星齿轮组件31包括第一太阳轮311、第二太阳轮312、短行星齿轮313、行星架314、长行星齿轮315和齿圈316，第一太阳轮311、第二太阳轮312、行星架314和齿圈316绕主轴5转动，同时，第一太阳轮311与转子23一体成型，也就是说，第一太阳轮311就是两挡变速机构3的动力输入端。第一太阳轮311和第二太阳轮312沿主轴5轴向排列，短行星齿轮313与第一太阳轮311啮合传动连接，长行星齿轮315的一部分与短行星齿轮313啮合传动连接，另一部分与第二太阳轮312啮合传动连接，齿圈316设置在最***并且与长行星齿轮315啮合传动连接，另外，短行星齿轮313和长行星齿轮315的转轴固定在行星架314上，因为行星架314能够与第一太阳轮311同轴转动，所以短行星齿轮313与长行星齿 轮315具有自转和绕第一太阳轮311公转两种传动方式。齿圈316通过盘式制动器4与轮辋6传动连接，即齿圈316为两挡变速机构3的动力输出端，能够将驱动电机2的转动动力经盘式制动器4传递至轮辋6，从而带动电动轮转动。然后，通过改变行星齿轮组件31的传动方式，就可以改变动力输入端和动力输出端之间的传动比，从而实现不同挡位之间的切换。
需要说明的是，也可以在第一太阳轮311和转子23之间设置转接件来作为两挡变速机构3的动力输入端，同时也使得第一太阳轮311可以和转子23不一体成型，但是，第一太阳轮311和转子23一体成型有利于简化结构，缩小电动轮的轴向尺寸。同样地，也可以在齿圈316和盘式制动器4之间设置转接件来作为两挡变速机构3的动力输出端。
如图2至图4所示，第一片式制动器32与变速器壳体12和行星架314分别固定连接，其中，第一片式制动器32的第一钢片321通过外花键与变速器壳体12的内花键连接，第一片式制动器32的第一摩擦片322的内花键与行星架314的外花键连接，电机壳体11内设有第一油路71，第一油路71通向第一片式制动器32，以向第一片式制动器32提供液压油来推动第一活塞323使第一片式制动器32启动。当第一片式制动器32关闭时，第一钢片321和第一摩擦片322分离，行星架314能够自由转动，通过向第一片式制动器32供油使第一片式制动器32开启，也就是使第一活塞323运动，继而使第一钢片321和第一摩擦片322紧密贴合，利用摩擦力将行星架314固定，使其不能转动，同时，第一活塞323拉伸第一复位弹簧324，当油压撤去后，第一活塞323在第一复位弹簧324的作用下复位，使得第一钢片321和第一摩擦片322分离，行星架314又能够自由转动。第二片式制动器33与主轴5和第二太阳轮312分别固定连接，其中，第二片式制动器33的第二钢片331通过内花键与主轴5的外花键连接，第二片式制动器33的第二摩擦片332通过外花键与第二太阳轮312的内花键连接，主轴5内设有第二油路72，第二油路72通向第二片式制动器33，以向第二片式制动器33提供液压油推动第二活塞333来使第二片式制动器33启动。当第二片式制动器33关闭时，第二钢片331和第二摩擦片332分离，第二 太阳轮312能够自由转动，通过向第二片式制动器33供油使第二片式制动器33开启，也就是使第二活塞333运动，继而使第二钢片331和第二摩擦片332紧密贴合，利用摩擦力将第二太阳轮312固定，使其不能转动，同时，第二活塞333拉伸第二复位弹簧334，当油压撤去后，第二活塞333在第二复位弹簧334的作用下复位，使得第二钢片331和第二摩擦片332分离，第二太阳轮312又能够自由转动。
假设第一太阳轮311转速为n
S1，第二太阳轮312转速为n
S2，齿圈316转速为n
R，行星架314转速转速为n
PC，下面对两挡变速机构3的两挡变速方式进行具体说明。
首先，第一太阳轮311所在的行星排为双级行星排，其运动特征方程为：
n
S1-k
1n
R+(k
1-1)n
PC＝0；
第二太阳轮312所在的行星排为单级行星排，其运动特征方程为：
n
S2+k
2n
R-(1+k
2)n
PC＝0；
其中，k
1为第一太阳轮311所在的行星排的特征参数，其值为Z
R/Z
S1，k
2为第二太阳轮312所在的行星排的特征参数，其值为Z
R/Z
S2，Z
S1、Z
R、Z
S2分别是第一太阳轮311、齿圈316、第二太阳轮312的齿数。
参照图2至图4所示，在第一片式制动器32启动，第二片式制动器33关闭时，因为行星架314被第一片式制动器32锁定，所以短行星齿轮313和长行星齿轮315均不能绕第一太阳轮311公转，只有第一太阳轮311带动短行星齿轮313和长行星齿轮315自转继而带动齿圈316转动。也就是说，第一太阳轮311的动力不能传递到行星架314，其传递到齿圈316，并由齿圈316传递到轮辋6，驱动车辆运动，实现前进一挡。根据双级行星排的运动特征方程可知，此时第一太阳轮311与齿圈316的传动关系为：n
S1-k
1n
R＝0，一挡传动比为k
1。
继续参照图2至图4所示，在第一片式制动器32关闭，第二片式制动器33启动时，此时行星架314可以转动，也就是短行星齿轮313和长行星齿轮315均自转的同时还绕第一太阳轮311公转，继而带动齿圈316转动，但是第二太阳轮312被锁定，所以不能转动，转速为0。也就是说，第一太阳轮311的动力传递到齿圈316， 并由齿圈316传递到轮辋6，驱动车辆运动，实现前进二挡。根据双级行星排的运动特征方程可知，此时第一太阳轮311与齿圈316的传动关系为：n
S1-k
1n
R+(k
1-1)n
PC＝0，k
2n
R-(1+k
2)n
PC＝0，二挡传动比为(k
1+k
2)/(1+k
2)。
继续参照图2至图4所示，通过第一油路71向第一片式制动器32输送液压油并通过第二油路72向第二片式制动器33供油，以使第一片式制动器32和第二片式制动器33均工作，锁止行星架314并锁止第二太阳轮312，使得长行星齿轮315不能自转也不能公转，无法将动力传递给齿圈，从而处于停车挡。使第一片式制动器32和第二片式制动器33均不工作，行星齿轮组件31的所有构件处于自由活动状态，从而处于空挡。
本领域技术人员能够理解的是，因为汽车的轮辋具有一定的规格，所以通过采用拉维娜式行星齿轮组件，在面对常规尺寸要求的电动轮时，使得两档变速机构3在一档和二档下的传动比更加合理，能够使电动轮具有更好的运动模式。
如图2所示，盘式制动器4包括钳41和制动盘42，制动盘42与齿圈316和轮辋6分别固定连接，使得转动的齿圈316能够带动制动盘42转动，从而带动轮辋6转动，具体来说，驱动电机2的动力通过第一太阳轮311、齿圈316传递至制动盘42，继而通过制动盘42传递至轮辋6，最终实现了驱动电机2向轮辋6的动力传递，使得电动轮转动。钳体41用于限制制动盘42的转动，从而阻断齿圈316向轮辋6的动力传递，从而实现汽车的制动。具体地，壳体1内设有第三油路73，第三油路73能够向钳体41输送液压油，以驱使钳体41将制动盘42夹紧，从而使得制动盘42不能转动，以此阻断向轮辋6的动力传递。
优选地，第一油路71和第二油路73关于主轴5中心对称分布。
如图5所示，主轴5和转子23之间设有第一轴承81，主轴5和第一太阳轮311之间设有第二轴承82，从而对绕主轴5转动的整个转动机构形成支撑，并便于转动机构绕主轴5转动。另外，制动盘42与壳体1之间设有第三轴承83，以便于制动盘42及轮辋6的转动。
结合图1至图5所示，在本实施例中，驱动电机2启动后，转子23开始转动， 转动的转子23带动第一太阳轮311转动。需要一挡前进时：通过第一油路71向第一片式制动器32输送液压油并不向第二片式制动器33供油，以使只有第一片式制动器32工作，继而锁止行星架314，使得第一太阳轮311的动力不能传递到行星架314，其传递到齿圈316，并由齿圈316传递到轮辋6，驱动车辆运动，一挡下的传动比参考前文所述。需要二挡前进时：通过第二油路72向第二片式制动器33输送液压油并不向第一片式制动器32供油，以使只有第二片式制动器33工作，继而锁止第二太阳轮312，使得第一太阳轮311的动力传递到齿圈316，并由齿圈316传递到轮辋6，驱动车辆运动，二挡下的传动比参考前文所述。通过第一油路71向第一片式制动器32输送液压油并通过第二油路72向第二片式制动器33供油，以使第一片式制动器32和第二片式制动器33均工作，锁止行星架314并锁止第二太阳轮312，使得长行星齿轮315不能自转也不能公转，无法将动力传递给齿圈，从而处于停车挡。使第一片式制动器32和第二片式制动器33均不工作，行星齿轮组件31的所有构件处于自由活动状态，从而处于空挡。另外，在不向钳体41供油时，制动盘42能够转动，从而使得动力传递给轮辋6，使电动轮能够转动，而通过第三油路73向钳体41供油时，能够使钳体41限制制动盘42得到转动，从而起到刹车作用。
本领域技术人员能够理解的是，通过在电动轮内部设置由行星齿轮组件31、第一片式制动器32和第二片式制动器33组成的两挡变速机构3，能够通过控制第一片式制动器32和第二片式制动器33的工作状态来控制第一太阳轮311向齿圈316的传动比，从而实现向轮辋6的一挡和二挡传动，使得电动轮能够根据实际行驶工况选择不同的挡位进行行驶，增大了驱动电机2调速及转矩的变化范围，有助于提高汽车的加速能力与爬坡能力，增加整车的动力性能，同时，使得驱动电机2在高效率区间工作的机会增加，降低了电动轮汽车的电能消耗，增加整车的续驶里程，提高整车的经济性能。并且，通过在将驱动电机2和两挡变速机构3集成在壳体内，结构紧凑，优化了电动轮内部的空间利用，有助于减小电动轮的轴向尺寸及整体体积。另外，通过第一片式制动器32和第二片式制动器33控制行星齿轮组件31的传动模式，就能够实现驱动电机2向电动轮的两挡动力传递，且换挡过程无动力中断， 有助于提高汽车的动力性能和驾驶的舒适性，而且，通过将第一片式制动器32和第二片式制动器33制动油路分别设置在壳体1内和主轴5内，第一油路71位于整个驱动***的外部，第二油路72位于驱动***的内部，两条油路能够对电动轮的驱动***起到较为均匀散热功能，提高电动轮的使用安全性。
进一步地，通过设置盘式制动器4，并将制动盘42与动力输出端和轮辋6分别连接，使得动力输出端通过制动盘42与轮辋传动连接，使得钳体41锁止制动盘42就可以停止向轮辋6的动力传递，从而在换挡功能的基础上能够实现电动轮的刹车功能，提升了电动轮的综合功能，提高了电动轮的适用性。
并且，通过将盘式制动器4的第三油路73设置在壳体1内，能够与第一油路71、第二油路72共同起到散热功能，提高了散热效果。并且，通过将第三油路73与第一油路71关于主轴5中心对称分布，一方面，使得三条油路的位置分布合理，有助于优化机构，也便于壳体1的制造，另一方面，也有助于进一步提高散热的均匀性。
本申请的第二实施例：
虽然图中未示出，与第一实施例不同的是，本实施例的行星齿轮组件的结构有所不同，不是采用第一实施例中的拉维娜式行星齿轮组件，而是采用如辛普森式行星齿轮组件或CR-CR组合式行星齿轮机构，通过一定的布置实现两挡变速。只不过，对于所能实现的传动比来说，拉维娜式行星齿轮的传动比更为合理。
至此，已经结合前文的多个实施例描述了本申请的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本申请的保护范围并不仅限于这些具体实施例。在不偏离本申请技术原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对上述各个实施例中的技术方案进行拆分和组合，也可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，凡在本申请的技术构思和/或技术原理之内所做的任何更改、等同替换、改进等都将落入本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
- 一种两挡变速电动轮，其特征在于，包括驱动电机、两挡变速机构、壳体、轮辋和主轴，所述壳体包裹所述驱动电机和所述两挡变速机构，所述两挡变速机构包括行星齿轮组件、第一片式制动器和第二片式制动器，所述壳体内形成通向所述第一片式制动器的第一油路，以使第一片式制动器工作，所述主轴内设有通向所述第二片式制动器的第二油路，以使所述第二片式制动器工作，所述行星齿轮组件设有动力输入端和动力输出端，所述动力输入端与所述驱动电机的转子传动连接，所述动力输出端与所述轮辋传动连接，以通过行星齿轮组件将驱动电机的动力传递给轮辋来驱使电动轮转动，启动的所述第一片式制动器和关闭的所述第二制动器使所述行星齿轮组件以一挡模式工作，实现向电动轮的一挡动力传递，启动的所述第二片式制动器和关闭的所述第一制动器使所述行星齿轮组件以二挡模式工作，实现向电动轮的二挡动力传递。
- 根据权利要求1所述的两挡变速电动轮，其特征在于，所述电动轮还包括盘式制动器，所述盘式制动器包括钳体和制动盘，所述制动盘与所述动力输出端和所述轮辋分别连接，以使所述动力输出端通过所述制动盘与所述轮辋传动连接，所述钳体固定于所述壳体以用于锁定所述制动盘。
- 根据权利要求2所述的两挡变速电动轮，其特征在于，所述壳体内形成有通向所述钳体的第三油路，以驱使所述钳体工作。
- 根据权利要求3所述的两挡变速电动轮，其特征在于，所述第一油路与所述第三油路关于所述主轴呈中心对称分布。
- 根据权利要求1所述的两挡变速电动轮，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮组件包括第一太阳轮、第二太阳轮、短行星齿轮、长行星齿轮、行星架和齿圈，所述第一太阳轮、第二太阳轮、行星架和齿圈绕所述主轴转动，所述动力输入端设置在所述第一太阳轮上，所述动力输出端设置在所述齿圈上，所述短行星齿轮和所述长行星齿轮的转轴均固定于所述行星架，所述短行星齿轮设置在所述第一太阳轮和所述长行星齿轮之间，所述长行星齿轮设置在所述第二太阳轮和所述齿圈之间。
- 根据权利要求5所述的两挡变速电动轮，其特征在于，所述第一片式制动器 与所述壳体和所述行星架分别连接，启动的所述第一片式制动器制动所述行星架，所述第二片式制动器与所述壳体和所述行星架分别连接，启动的所述第二片式制动器制动所述第二太阳轮。
- 根据权利要求1所述的两挡变速电动轮，其特征在于，所述驱动电机的转子与所述动力输入端一体成型。
- 根据权利要求1所述的两挡变速电动轮，其特征在于，所述壳体包括电机壳体和变速器壳体，所述电机壳体和所述变速器壳体固定连接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的两挡变速电动轮，其特征在于，所述主轴与所述转子之间设有第一轴承，所述主轴与所述行星齿轮组件之间设有第二轴承。
- 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的两挡变速电动轮，其特征在于，所述驱动电机为内转子永磁同步电机。
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