WO2023058908A1 - 태양광 시스템과 연계하는 에너지 저장 시스템 및 에너지 저장 시스템의 제어 방법 - Google Patents
태양광 시스템과 연계하는 에너지 저장 시스템 및 에너지 저장 시스템의 제어 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 59
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
- H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an energy storage system and a control method of the energy storage system, and more particularly, to an energy storage system linked to a photovoltaic system, a power management control device, and a control method of the energy storage system.
- An energy storage system is a system that links renewable energy, a battery storing power, and existing grid power. Recently, as the spread of smart grid and renewable energy has been expanded and the efficiency and stability of power systems have been emphasized, the demand for energy storage systems is increasing for power supply and demand control and power quality improvement. . Depending on the purpose of use, the energy storage system can vary in output and capacity. A plurality of battery systems may be connected to each other to form a large-capacity energy storage system.
- the ESS system linked to PV (Photovoltaic) system is changing from AC-Coupled to DC-coupled system.
- the PV system and battery system are DC voltage
- the grid (system) is composed of AC voltage, so a power conversion device is required.
- a large-capacity central power converter DC/DC converter
- a power management system (PMS)/energy management system (EMS) monitors the state of each component and determines the output of a DC/AC converter (PCS), a DC/DC converter, and a battery.
- PMS power management system
- EMS energy management system
- An object of the present invention for solving the above problems is to provide an energy storage system linked with a photovoltaic system.
- Another object of the present invention to solve the above problems is to provide a control method for such an energy storage system.
- Another object of the present invention to solve the above problems is to provide a power management control device for controlling the operation of an energy storage system.
- a plurality of DC-DC converters for controlling a plurality of battery racks; a power control device (PCS) for adjusting power in conjunction with the plurality of DC-DC converters and the PV system; and a power management controller (PMS) that determines an operation mode and an output reference of the PCS and the DC-DC converter according to the state of the PV system.
- PCS power control device
- PMS power management controller
- the power management controller may determine an operating mode of the PCS and an operating mode of the DC-DC converter according to whether the PV system is generating power.
- the power management controller may set the PCS to a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode and the DC/DC converter to a fixed power (CP) mode when the PV system is generating power.
- MPPT maximum power point tracking
- CP fixed power
- the value of the output reference of the PCS may be determined by MPPT control.
- the output reference of the DC/DC converter may be calculated based on the difference between the amount of power required by the grid and the amount of power generation.
- the power management controller may set the PCS to a fixed power mode and set the DC/DC converter to a droop mode when the PV system is not generating power.
- the output reference of the PCS is set equal to the output reference of the grid, and the output reference of the DC/DC converter may be set by a droop curve determined by the battery region controller.
- the energy storage system receives the mode information of the DC/DC converter and the output reference value of the battery in the fixed power mode from the power management controller, and the DC/DC converter according to the operation mode determined according to the state of the PV. Controlling the output of, may further include a battery area controller.
- the battery area controller may determine in real time the output of the individual DC / DC converter determined based on the state of the battery rack in the fixed power mode and provide it to the corresponding DC / DC converter.
- a control method of an energy storage system for achieving the other object includes a plurality of batteries, a plurality of DC-DC converters, a power control device (PCS) and a power management controller (PMS), ,
- a control method of a photovoltaic (PV) system and an energy storage system interworking with a grid comprising: determining, by the power management controller, a state of the PV system according to whether the PV system is generating power; determining, by the power management controller, operation modes of the power control device and the DC-DC converter according to the state of the PV system; and determining, by the power management controller, an output reference of the power control device and an output reference of the DC-DC converter according to the determined operation modes of the power control device and the DC-DC converter.
- the step of determining the operation mode of the power control device and the DC-DC converter may include setting the PCS to a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) mode when the PV system is generating power; and setting the DC/DC converter to a fixed power mode.
- the DC/DC converter may be set to a fixed power (CP) mode.
- the value of the output reference of the PCS may be determined by MPPT control.
- An output reference of the DC/DC converter may be calculated based on a difference between the amount of power required by the grid and the amount of power generation.
- the step of determining the operation mode of the power control device and the DC-DC converter may include setting the PCS to a fixed power mode when the PV system is not generating power; and setting the DC/DC converter to a droop mode.
- the output reference of the PCS is set equal to the output reference of the grid, and the output reference of the DC/DC converter may be set by a droop curve determined by the battery region controller.
- the control method of the energy storage system may include receiving, by a battery region controller, mode information of the DC/DC converter and an output reference value of a battery in a fixed power mode from the power management controller; and controlling, by the battery region controller, an output of the DC/DC converter according to an operation mode determined according to a state of the PV.
- the output reference of the individual DC/DC converter determined based on the state of the battery rack in the fixed power mode is determined in real time, and the output reference of the individual DC/DC converter is determined in real time. It may include providing an output reference to the corresponding DC/DC converter.
- It may include setting a droop curve of an individual DC / DC converter based on the state of each battery rack in droop mode and providing the set droop curve to the DC / DC converter before starting the operation of the DC / DC converter.
- a power management control device for achieving the above another object includes a plurality of batteries, a plurality of DC-DC converters, a power control device (PCS), a PV (photovoltaic) system, and A power management control device located in an energy storage system interworking with a grid, comprising: at least one processor; A memory for storing at least one command executed by the at least one processor may be included.
- the at least one command may include a command for determining a state of the PV system according to whether or not the PV system is generating power; a command to determine an operation mode of the power control device and the DC-DC converter according to the state of the PV system; and an instruction for determining an output reference of the power control device and an output reference of the DC-DC converter according to the determined operation mode of the power control device and the operation mode of the DC-DC converter.
- the at least one command may further include a command to provide mode information of the DC/DC converter and an output reference value of a battery in a fixed power mode to a battery region controller.
- the command to determine the operation mode of the power control device and the DC-DC converter may include a command to set the PCS to a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode when the PV system is generating power; and a command for setting the DC/DC converter to a fixed power mode.
- MPPT maximum power point tracking
- the command to determine the operation mode of the power control device and the DC-DC converter may include a command to set the PCS to a fixed power mode when the PV system is not generating power; and a command for setting the DC/DC converter to a droop mode.
- the individual battery racks in the energy storage system are efficiently moved according to the state of the photovoltaic system. can be controlled and operated.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a DC-Coupled energy storage system linked to a PV system to which the present invention can be applied.
- Figure 2 illustrates the concept of determining the operating mode and power reference of the system according to the PV state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a detailed conceptual diagram of control in a battery area of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a droop curve used for output control of a DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graph for explaining a process of calculating output references of a plurality of DC-DC converters in a charging process according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 illustrates a process of calculating output references of a plurality of DC-DC converters in a discharging process. It is a graph for
- FIG. 7 is a graph for explaining a process of calculating droop curve slopes of a plurality of DC-DC converters in a charge/discharge process according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is an operation flowchart of a control method of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a power management control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- first, second, A, and B may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by the terms. These terms are only used for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, a first element may be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element may be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the term “and/or” includes any combination of a plurality of related listed items or any of a plurality of related listed items.
- Nominal Capacity means the set capacity [Ah] of the battery set by the battery manufacturer during development.
- SOC State of Charge
- SOH State of Health
- a battery rack refers to a system with a minimum single structure that can be monitored and controlled through a BMS by connecting pack units set by the battery manufacturer in series/parallel. can be configured.
- a battery bank may refer to a group of large-scale battery rack systems configured by connecting several racks in parallel. Monitoring and control of the rack BMS (RBMS) of the battery rack unit can be performed through the BMS of the battery bank unit.
- RBMS rack BMS
- BSC Battery System Controller
- the power limit indicates the power limit set in advance by the battery manufacturer according to the battery condition.
- Rack Power limit means the power limit (unit of [kW]) set in the Rack unit (Rack Level), and can be set based on the SOC and temperature of the battery.
- the output limit can be divided into a charge output limit and a discharge output limit according to whether it is charging or discharging.
- a Rack Power limit in Rack units
- a Bank Power limit in Bank units.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a DC-Coupled energy storage system linked to a PV system to which the present invention can be applied.
- a DC/DC converter 500 capable of individually controlling DC voltage/current is required for each battery system. Since the DC/DC converter is placed in the battery system, the DC/AC converter used in conjunction with the photovoltaic system is no longer needed, increasing efficiency. In addition, a DC/DC converter is applied to each battery system to perform protection control of the existing battery system, and even if there is a difference in SOC, SOH, and capacity between each battery rack, the battery wattage considering the characteristics of the individual battery system control becomes possible.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a DC coupled system in which an output terminal of a photovoltaic (PV) 700 is connected to an output terminal of a DC/DC converter 500 and an input terminal of a PCS 400 .
- PV photovoltaic
- a battery that serves to store power in an energy storage system is generally a form in which a plurality of battery modules constitute a battery rack and a plurality of battery racks constitute a battery bank.
- the battery rack may be referred to as a battery pack according to a device or system in which batteries are used.
- Battery #1, battery #2, battery #N shown in FIG. 1 may be in the form of a battery pack or a battery rack.
- a battery management system (BMS) 100 may be installed in each battery.
- the BMS (100) monitors the current, voltage, and temperature of each battery rack (or pack) under its control, calculates SOC (Status Of Charge) based on the monitoring result, and controls charging and discharging. there is.
- the BMS 100 may be a rack BMS (RBMS).
- a battery section controller (BSC) 200 is installed in each battery section composed of a plurality of batteries and peripheral circuits, devices, etc. to monitor and control control objects such as voltage, current, temperature, circuit breaker, etc. there is.
- a power conditioning system (PCS) 400 installed in each battery section controls power supplied from the outside and power supplied from the battery section to the outside, and may include a DC/AC inverter. Also, the output of the DC-DC converter 500 may be connected to the PCS 400, and the PCS 400 may be connected to the grid 600. The PCS 400 normally operates in a constant power mode.
- a power management system (PMS)/energy management system (EMS) 300 connected to the PCS may control the output of the PCS based on the monitoring and control results of the BMS or BSC.
- PMS power management system
- EMS energy management system
- battery #1 is connected to DC-DC converter #1
- battery #2 is connected to DC-DC converter #2
- battery #N is connected to DC-DC #N.
- the output of the DC-DC converter corresponding to each battery is connected to the PCS 400 through a DC link.
- the DC-DC converter may be a bi-directional converter, and when the conversion from the battery to the load direction is performed, the input of the DC-DC converter is connected to the battery (battery unit, battery rack or battery pack) and the output of the DC-DC converter is the load can be connected with
- the DC-DC converter various types of converters such as a full-bridge converter, a half-bridge converter, and a flyback converter may be used.
- communication using CAN (Controller Area Network) or Ethernet may be performed between the BMS 100, the BSC 200, the PMS 300, and the PCS 400.
- the BSC 200 that manages overall control of the battery area may report the state of each battery to the PMS 300.
- the state of each battery may include information such as status of charge (SOC), status of health (SOH), voltage, and temperature of each battery.
- the BSC 200 may provide information such as limit power (P_battery_limit) and actual power (P_battery_real) of each battery to the PMS 300 .
- the PMS (300) in charge of controlling the entire ESS system issues a charging or discharging command (via P_pcs_reference) to the PCS (400) during actual system operation.
- the BSC 200 determines the output reference for each DC/DC converter considering the state of each battery.
- an output reference of an individual DC/DC converter may be set in different ways according to a droop mode or a constant power (CP) mode.
- the BSC may set a droop curve for each DC/DC converter in consideration of the state of each battery before system operation and provide the droop curve to the corresponding converter. Meanwhile, when the DC/DC converter operates in CP mode, a power reference of each DC/DC converter may be determined during system operation and provided to the corresponding converter.
- the PMS delivers charge/discharge commands to the PCS and BSC.
- the PMS monitors the status of the photovoltaic system (PV), grid, and battery in real time, and operates the components in the system based on the operation command (Pgrid * ) received from the upper system, EMS (Energy Management System). Mode and output reference can be determined.
- PV photovoltaic system
- EMS Electronicgy Management System
- Figure 2 illustrates the concept of determining the operating mode and power reference of the system according to the PV state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the PMS may determine the state of the system after monitoring the state of each component, that is, the PV, battery, and grid. That is, the state of the system can be defined according to whether the PV is generating power, whether the DC/DC converter is being charged and discharged, and whether the PCS is operating. At this time, the state of the system may include a stop state and a stand-by state.
- the PCS starts operating and the output above the reference point occurs in the PV, the state in which solar power generation and battery discharge occur at the same time, the state in which the battery is charged from the grid, and the amount of solar power generation
- This may include a state in which power is supplied to the grid and charged by the battery, a state in which all of the solar power generation is charged in the battery, and a state in which all of the power of the battery is discharged to the grid.
- the operation mode (Mode Info) of the PCS and the DC / DC converter is defined in two cases: when the PV is generated and when it is off, and in each case, the power reference (P pcs * , P bat * ) is defined.
- the PCS when PV is generating, the PCS operates in MPPT mode and the DC/DC converter operates in CP mode.
- the output reference P pcs * of the PCS can be determined by MPPT control by the PCS.
- MPPT Maximum Power Point Tracking
- MPPT control is a form of control that allows maximum power to be obtained by appropriately adjusting a load according to external circumstances.
- the point at which maximum power is delivered is referred to as a maximum power operating point, and the maximum power operating point may be changed according to external conditions such as solar radiation and temperature.
- the output reference of the battery, P bat * can be calculated and determined by the PMS, and can be calculated as the difference between the amount of electricity required by the grid and the amount of power generated. If the value of P bat * is a negative value (-), the battery area may perform charging for that amount, and if the value is a positive value (+), the battery area may perform discharging.
- the PCS may operate in the CP mode and the DC/DC converter may operate in the droop mode.
- the output reference P pcs * of the PCS becomes the output reference P grid * of the grid.
- the output of the DC/DC converter in the battery area (the sum of the outputs of multiple DC/DC converters) is equal to P pcs * , but the output of the individual DC/DC converters can be determined by the droop curve set value and individual control. .
- FIG. 3 is a detailed conceptual diagram of control in a battery area of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the BSC may receive information about the operation mode and the value of P bat * in the CP mode from the PMS, and perform power distribution and rack balancing algorithms according to the present invention.
- the BSC includes battery-related information received from the RBMS.
- battery-related information is SOC (Status Of Charge), SOH (State of Health), current (I bat_1 , I bat_2 , ... I bat_n ), voltage (V bat_1 , V bat_2 ) of each battery rack. , ... V bat_n ) and data such as temperature are received.
- the BSC performs different DC/DC converter controls depending on whether the operation mode received from the PMS is the CP mode or the droop mode.
- the BSC determines the output reference value of the DC/DC converter in real time based on the status of the rack received from each RBMS.
- the DC/DC converter or the controller within the DC/DC converter outputs power by following the power command received in real time in real time.
- the BSC may set the droop curve of the DC/DC converter based on the state of each battery rack and provide it to each DC/DC converter.
- Each DC/DC converter determines its own output reference value based on the real-time DC link voltage value, Vdc.
- the DC/DC converter tracks the determined power reference value in real time to control output power.
- each DC-DC converter senses a fluctuating DC link voltage value and calculates a DC-DC output reference by referring to a droop curve preset for itself.
- the DC-DC converter can use the calculated output reference to perform output control to track that reference in real time.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a droop curve used for output control of a DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the horizontal axis represents the DC link voltage (V_DC link) and the vertical axis represents the output power of the DC-DC converter (P_DCDC) corresponding to each battery.
- the BSC may control the output power of the DC-DC converter corresponding to each battery through the slope control of the droop curve in consideration of the state of each battery.
- the BSC may set a charge/discharge operating range by setting a charge limit power (Max Charge Power) and a discharge limit power (Max Discharge Power).
- the droop curve control is to keep the voltage of the DC link terminal constant, and the dead-band is to prevent frequent charging/discharging due to noise and sensing error in a standby state.
- the dead band can be set, for example, in the range of 850 to 900V, which is the voltage range of the DC link in the standby state.
- FIG. 5 is a graph for explaining a process of calculating output references of a plurality of DC-DC converters in a charging process according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 illustrates a process of calculating output references of a plurality of DC-DC converters in a discharging process. It is a graph for
- each graph represents a droop curve of each DC-DC converter.
- the power reference in the section where the DC link voltage value is constant indicates Max Charge Power and Max Discharge Power.
- Equation 1 represents a function for each droop curve.
- Equation 1 P_dcdc_ref represents the output reference of each DC-DC converter, and f_N(x) represents the droop curve function of DC-DC converter N.
- x represents the DC link voltage Vdc, and becomes Vdc_charge during charging and Vdc_discharge during discharging.
- Equation 1 indicates that the DC-DC converter performs output control according to the value defined by the droop curve function.
- Equation 2 shows the sum of the outputs of each droop curve function corresponding to the output power value of the PCS during charging, which is balanced at the Vdc_charge voltage value shown in FIG.
- Equation 3 shows the output of each function corresponding to the output power value of the PCS during discharge, and is balanced at the Vdc_discharge voltage value.
- Equations 2 and 3 P_pcs_ref represents the output reference of the PCS, Vdc_charge represents the balanced voltage of the DC link during charging, and Vdc_discharge represents the balanced voltage of the DC link during discharging.
- FIG. 7 is a graph for explaining a process of calculating droop curve slopes of a plurality of DC-DC converters in a charge/discharge process according to the present invention.
- the graph of FIG. 7 shows droop curve slopes of a plurality of DC-DC converters, and the slopes of each curve are shown to be different from each other.
- the droop curve slope for each DC-DC converter may be determined based on the capacity (Cap_N) of the battery, the SOC value, and additionally the SOH. Therefore, the charging slope ratio ⁇ _1: ⁇ _2: ... ⁇ _N according to the droop curve for each battery may be defined as in Equation 4 below.
- Equation 4 it can be seen that the charging slope of each battery is proportional to the vacant space area (1-SOC_N) of the battery capable of storing additional energy and the capacity (Cap_N) of each battery.
- the discharge slope ratio ⁇ _1: ⁇ _2: ... ⁇ _N according to the droop curve for each battery may be defined as in Equation 5 below.
- Cap_N is the capacity [Wh] of battery N
- SOC_N represents the SOC of battery N.
- the DC-DC converter operates by itself according to a preset droop curve before the actual operation, rather than receiving the output reference of the battery through the central controller during the operation of the energy storage system. Stable system operation is possible in that the output reference value is quickly calculated and applied to output control.
- FIG. 8 is an operation flowchart of a control method of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the embodiment of FIG. 8 includes a plurality of batteries, a plurality of DC-DC converters, a power control device (PCS) and a power management controller (PMS), and controls an energy storage system that interworks with a PV (solar photovoltaic) system and a grid. Indicates the order of operations in the method.
- PCS power control device
- PMS power management controller
- the control method of the energy storage system according to the present embodiment may be performed by one or more entities among a power management controller (PMS), a power regulation device (PCS), a battery controller (BSC), and a plurality of DC-DC converters. .
- PMS power management controller
- PCS power regulation device
- BSC battery controller
- a power management controller checks the status of a PV system. Specifically, it is checked whether the PV system is generating power (S800).
- the power management controller determines the operation mode of the power control device and the DC-DC converter according to the state of the PV system.
- an output reference of the power control device and an output reference of the DC-DC converter are determined according to the determined operation mode of the power control device and the operation mode of the DC-DC converter.
- the PCS when the PV system is generating power, the PCS is set to Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) mode (S811). Also, the value of the output reference of the PCS is determined by MPPT control (S812).
- MPPT control algorithm may be performed by PCS.
- the DC/DC converter when the PV system is generating power, the DC/DC converter is set to a fixed power mode (S813). At this time, the output reference of the DC/DC converter may be calculated based on the difference between the amount of power required by the grid and the amount of power generation (S814).
- the PCS when the PV system is not generating power, the PCS is set to the fixed power mode (S821), and the output reference of the PCS is set equal to the output reference of the grid (S822).
- the DC/DC converter when the PV system is not generating power, the DC/DC converter is set to the droop mode (S823), and the output reference of the DC/DC converter may be set by the droop curve determined by the battery area controller (S824). ). That is, a droop curve is set by the battery area controller notified that the operation mode of the DC/DC converter is the droop mode, and output power control using the droop curve is performed by each DC/DC converter receiving information on the set droop curve. can be performed.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a power management control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a power management control device includes at least one processor 310, a memory 320 storing at least one command executed through the processor, and a transmitting and receiving device connected to a network to perform communication ( 330) may be included.
- the at least one command may include a command to determine a state of the PV system according to whether the PV system is generating electricity; a command to determine an operation mode of the power control device (PCS) and the DC-DC converter according to the state of the PV system; an instruction for determining an output reference of the power conditioning device and an output reference of the DC-DC converter according to the determined operation mode of the power conditioning device and the operation mode of the DC-DC converter; and a command for providing mode information of the DC/DC converter and an output reference value of the battery in a fixed power mode to a battery region controller.
- PCS power control device
- the command for determining the operation mode of the power control device and the DC-DC converter sets the PCS to maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode when the PV system is generating power Command; and a command for setting the DC/DC converter to a fixed power mode.
- MPPT maximum power point tracking
- the command to determine the operation mode of the power control device and the DC-DC converter may include a command to set the PCS to a fixed power mode when the PV system is not generating power; and a command for setting the DC/DC converter to a droop mode.
- the power management device 300 may further include an input interface device 340 , an output interface device 350 , a storage device 360 , and the like. Each component included in the power management control device 300 is connected by a bus 370 to communicate with each other.
- the processor 310 may execute a program command stored in at least one of the memory 320 and the storage device 360 .
- the processor may mean a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or a dedicated processor on which methods according to embodiments of the present invention are performed.
- the memory (or storage device) may be composed of at least one of a volatile storage medium and a non-volatile storage medium.
- the memory may include at least one of read only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM).
- a computer-readable recording medium includes all types of recording devices in which data that can be read by a computer system is stored.
- computer-readable recording media may be distributed to computer systems connected through a network to store and execute computer-readable programs or codes in a distributed manner.
- a block or apparatus corresponds to a method step or feature of a method step.
- aspects described in the context of a method may also be represented by a corresponding block or item or a corresponding feature of a device.
- Some or all of the method steps may be performed by (or using) a hardware device such as, for example, a microprocessor, programmable computer, or electronic circuitry. In some embodiments, one or more of the most important method steps may be performed by such an apparatus.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (23)
- PV(태양광) 시스템 및 그리드(Grid; 계통)와 연동하는 에너지 저장 시스템으로서,복수의 배터리 랙을 제어하는 복수의 DC-DC 컨버터;상기 복수의 DC-DC 컨버터 및 상기 PV시스템과 연동하여 전력을 조절하는 전력 조절 장치(PCS); 및상기 PV 시스템의 상태에 따라 상기 PCS 및 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 동작 모드와 출력 레퍼런스를 결정하는 전력관리 제어기(PMS)를 포함하는, 에너지 저장 시스템.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 전력관리 제어기는,상기 PV시스템이 발전중인지 여부에 따라 PCS의 동작 모드 및 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 동작 모드를 결정하는, 에너지 저장 시스템.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 전력관리 제어기는,상기 PV시스템이 발전중인 경우 상기 PCS를 최대전력점 추종(MPPT; Maximum Power Point Tracking) 모드로 설정하고, 상기 DC/DC 컨버터는 고정전력(CP) 모드로 설정하는, 에너지 저장 시스템.
- 청구항 3에 있어서,상기 PCS의 출력 레퍼런스는 MPPT 제어에 의해 그 값이 결정되는, 에너지 저장 시스템.
- 청구항 3에 있어서,상기 DC/DC 컨버터의 출력 레퍼런스는 상기 그리드가 요구하는 전력량과 발전량의 차이에 기초하여 산출되는, 에너지 저장 시스템.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 전력관리 제어기는,상기 PV시스템이 발전중이 아닌 상태인 경우 상기 PCS를 고정전력 모드로 설정하고, 상기 DC/DC 컨버터를 드룹(droop) 모드로 설정하는, 에너지 저장 시스템.
- 청구항 6에 있어서,상기 PCS의 출력 레퍼런스는 그리드의 출력 레퍼런스와 동일하게 설정되고, 상기 DC/DC 컨버터의 출력 레퍼런스는 배터리 영역 제어기에 의해 결정되는 드룹 커브에 의해 설정되는, 에너지 저장 시스템.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 전력관리 제어기로부터 상기 DC/DC 컨버터의 모드 정보 및 고정 전력 모드일 때의 배터리의 출력 레퍼런스 값을 수신하여 상기 DC/DC 컨버터의 출력을 제어하는, 베터리 영역 제어기를 더 포함하는, 에너지 저장 시스템.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 배터리 영역 제어기는,고정전력 모드에서 각 배터리 랙의 상태에 기반하여 결정된 개별 DC/DC 컨버터의 출력을 실시간으로 결정하고 이를 해당 DC/DC 컨버터로 제공하는, 에너지 저장 시스템.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 배터리 영역 제어기는,드룹 모드에서 각 배터리 랙의 상태를 기반으로 개별 DC/DC 컨버터의 드룹 커브를 설정하고 상기 DC/DC 컨버터의 동작 개시 전 설정된 드룹 커브를 해당 DC/DC 컨버터로 제공하는, 에너지 저장 시스템.
- 복수의 배터리, 복수의 DC-DC 컨버터, 전력조절 장치(PCS) 및 전력관리 제어기(PMS)를 포함하고, PV(태양광) 시스템 및 그리드와 연동하는 에너지 저장 시스템의 제어 방법으로서,상기 전력관리 제어기가 상기 PV 시스템이 발전중인지 여부에 따라 상기 PV 시스템의 상태를 결정하는 단계;상기 전력관리 제어기가, 상기 PV 시스템의 상태에 따라 상기 전력조절 장치 및 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 동작 모드를 결정하는 단계; 및상기 전력관리 제어기가, 결정된 전력조절 장치의 동작 모드 및 DC-DC 컨버터의 동작 모드에 따라 상기 전력조절 장치의 출력 레퍼런스 및 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 출력 레퍼런스를 결정하는 단계를 포함하는, 에너지 저장 시스템의 제어 방법.
- 청구항 11에 있어서,상기 전력조절 장치 및 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 동작 모드를 결정하는 단계는,상기 PV시스템이 발전중인 경우,상기 PCS를 최대전력점 추종(MPPT; Maximum Power Point Tracking) 모드로 설정하는 단계;상기 DC/DC 컨버터를 고정전력 모드로 설정하는 단계를 포함하는, 에너지 저장 시스템의 제어 방법.
- 청구항 12에 있어서,상기 PCS의 출력 레퍼런스는 MPPT 제어에 의해 그 값이 결정되는, 에너지 저장 시스템의 제어 방법.
- 청구항 12에 있어서,상기 DC/DC 컨버터의 출력 레퍼런스는 상기 그리드가 요구하는 전력량과 발전량의 차이에 기초하여 산출되는, 에너지 저장 시스템의 제어 방법.
- 청구항 11에 있어서,상기 전력조절 장치 및 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 동작 모드를 결정하는 단계는,상기 PV시스템이 발전중이 아닌 경우,상기 PCS를 고정전력 모드로 설정하는 단계; 및상기 DC/DC 컨버터를 드룹 모드로 설정하는 단계를 포함하는, 에너지 저장 시스템의 제어 방법.
- 청구항 15에 있어서,상기 PCS의 출력 레퍼런스는 그리드의 출력 레퍼런스와 동일하게 설정되고, 상기 DC/DC 컨버터의 출력 레퍼런스는 배터리 영역 제어기에 의해 결정되는 드룹 커브에 의해 설정되는, 에너지 저장 시스템의 제어 방법.
- 청구항 11에 있어서,배터리 영역 제어기가 상기 DC/DC 컨버터의 모드 정보 및 고정 전력 모드일 때의 배터리의 출력 레퍼런스 값을 상기 전력관리 제어기로부터 수신하는 단계; 및상기 배터리 영역 제어기가 결정된 동작 모드에 따라 상기 DC/DC 컨버터의 출력을 제어하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 에너지 저장 시스템의 제어 방법.
- 청구항 17에 있어서,상기 배터리 영역 제어기가 상기 DC/DC 컨버터의 출력을 제어하는 단계는,고정전력 모드에서 배터리 랙의 상태에 기반하여 결정된 개별 DC/DC 컨버터의 출력 레퍼런스를 실시간으로 결정하고, 개별 DC/DC 컨버터의 출력 레퍼런스를 해당 DC/DC 컨버터로 제공하는 단계를 포함하는, 에너지 저장 시스템의 제어 방법.
- 청구항 17에 있어서,상기 배터리 영역 제어기가 상기 DC/DC 컨버터의 출력을 제어하는 단계는,드룹 모드에서 각 배터리 랙의 상태를 기반으로 개별 DC/DC 컨버터의 드룹 커브를 설정하고 상기 DC/DC 컨버터의 동작 개시 전 설정된 드룹 커브를 해당 DC/DC 컨버터로 제공하는 단계를 포함하는, 에너지 저장 시스템의 제어 방법.
- 복수의 배터리, 복수의 DC-DC 컨버터, 전력조절 장치(PCS)를 포함하고, PV(태양광) 시스템 및 그리드와 연동하는 에너지 저장 시스템 내에 위치하는 전력관리 제어 장치로서,적어도 하나의 프로세서;상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서를 통해 실행되는 적어도 하나의 명령을 저장하는 메모리를 포함하고,상기 적어도 하나의 명령은,상기 PV 시스템이 발전중인지 여부에 따라 상기 PV 시스템의 상태를 결정하도록 하는 명령;상기 PV 시스템의 상태에 따라 상기 전력조절 장치 및 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 동작 모드를 결정하도록 하는 명령; 및결정된 전력조절 장치의 동작 모드 및 DC-DC 컨버터의 동작 모드에 따라 상기 전력조절 장치의 출력 레퍼런스 및 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 출력 레퍼런스를 결정하도록 하는 명령을 포함하는, 전력관리 제어 장치.
- 청구항 20에 있어서,상기 적어도 하나의 명령은,상기 DC/DC 컨버터의 모드 정보 및 고정 전력 모드일 때의 배터리의 출력 레퍼런스 값을 배터리 영역 제어기로 제공하도록 하는 명령을 더 포함하는, 전력관리 제어 장치.
- 청구항 20에 있어서,상기 전력조절 장치 및 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 동작 모드를 결정하도록 하는 명령은,상기 PV시스템이 발전중인 경우,상기 PCS를 최대전력점 추종(MPPT; Maximum Power Point Tracking) 모드로 설정하도록 하는 명령; 및상기 DC/DC 컨버터를 고정전력 모드로 설정하도록 하는 명령을 포함하는, 전력관리 제어 장치.
- 청구항 20에 있어서,상기 전력조절 장치 및 상기 DC-DC 컨버터의 동작 모드를 결정하도록 하는 명령은,상기 PV시스템이 발전 중이 아닌 경우,상기 PCS를 고정 전력 모드로 설정하도록 하는 명령; 및상기 DC/DC 컨버터를 드룹 모드로 설정하도록 하는 명령을 포함하는, 전력관리 제어 장치.
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KR20200056956A (ko) * | 2017-05-15 | 2020-05-25 | 다이너파워 컴퍼니 엘엘씨 | 과잉 전력을 추출하기 위한 방법 및 시스템 |
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CN111900710A (zh) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-06 | 宁波市电力设计院有限公司 | 一种并网型直流微电网协调控制方法 |
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AU2022359312A1 (en) | 2023-09-28 |
EP4293852A1 (en) | 2023-12-20 |
KR20230049243A (ko) | 2023-04-13 |
US20240136821A1 (en) | 2024-04-25 |
CN117015915A (zh) | 2023-11-07 |
JP2024509136A (ja) | 2024-02-29 |
US20240235201A9 (en) | 2024-07-11 |
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