WO2023043302A1 - Method of activating fuel cells - Google Patents
Method of activating fuel cells Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023043302A1 WO2023043302A1 PCT/KZ2022/000003 KZ2022000003W WO2023043302A1 WO 2023043302 A1 WO2023043302 A1 WO 2023043302A1 KZ 2022000003 W KZ2022000003 W KZ 2022000003W WO 2023043302 A1 WO2023043302 A1 WO 2023043302A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- fuel cells
- anode
- cathode
- activating
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to electrochemical DC generators.
- a fuel cell can continuously generate electricity as long as fuel and oxidizer are supplied to them. Almost all technologies for converting fuel energy into electrical energy are based on oxidation processes. The basis of the operation of chemical current sources is the chemical reaction of the interaction of an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent.
- a fuel cell consists of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte.
- the disadvantage of the known method of activating fuel batteries is that the compactness of the current source is not ensured due to the fact that the amount of fuel and oxidizer reacting per unit time depends on the contact area of the anode, cathode, electrolyte, fuel and oxidizer and on the energy barrier of the beginning of the reaction fuel oxidation.
- a fuel cell is known (Patent RU No. 2079934, H01M 8/10, H01M 14/00, 05/20/1997), in which the composition of 80% oxygen Og and 20% CO at atmospheric pressure is used as a working mixture.
- the disadvantage of the known method of activation of fuel cells is the relatively large overall dimensions due to the need to prepare the fuel and oxidizer to the required parameters.
- Fuel cells there are various types of fuel cells in which the anode and cathode are separated by an ion-conducting electrolyte. Fuel cells generate electricity and heat due to the ongoing electrochemical reaction, using the electrolyte, cathode and anode by activating them.
- the disadvantage of the known fuel cells is the low power density of the fuel cells due to the large overall dimensions and the low rate of electrochemical reactions.
- the objective of the present invention is to develop a method for activating fuel cells with a higher power density by increasing the rate of electrochemical reactions.
- the claimed method of fuel activation elements does not require sophisticated equipment for implementation and is suitable for mass production.
- activation is carried out by passing through an ionizer before supplying an oxidizer, such as atmospheric oxygen, to the cathode, and also passing through its ionizer before supplying fuel, such as hydrogen or hydrocarbons, to the anode.
- the oxidizer and fuel are ionized in a constant electric field of high intensity (20000v and more) in order to weaken interatomic bonds, up to complete destruction, and polarize molecules by displacing the electron cloud immediately before they are fed into the device where oxidative reaction. Polarization of molecules in an alternating electromagnetic field does not occur.
- figure 1 shows a fuel cell with the supply of oxygen Og with air 4 to the cathode 1, fuel is supplied to the anode 3?.
- the cathode 1 is supplied with ionized air oxygen generated by the air ionizer 8 immediately before being fed to the cathode.
- the anode 3 is supplied with ionized fuel, selected from hydrogen or hydrocarbons, formed in the fuel ionizer 9 immediately before being fed to the anode.
- the anode 3 is supplied with ionized fuel (for example, hydrogen or hydrocarbons) formed in the fuel ionizer 9 immediately before being fed to the anode.
- ionized fuel for example, hydrogen or hydrocarbons
- the electrochemical oxidation reaction will accelerate. This means that with the same dimensions, the contact area of the electrolyte with the cathode, anode, fuel, oxidizer, the specific power of the electrochemical battery will increase.
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, and more particularly to electrochemical DC generators. The object of the claimed invention is to develop a method of activating fuel cells with a greater power density by increasing the rate of the electrochemical reactions. The claimed method of activating fuel cells does not require the use of complex equipment and is adapted to mass production. In the method of activating fuel cells, activation is carried out by ionizing a fuel, such as hydrogen or hydrocarbons, and an oxidant, such as oxygen, in separate ionizers directly prior to supply to an anode and a cathode.
Description
СПОСОБ АКТИВАЦИИ ТОПЛИВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ FUEL CELL ACTIVATION METHOD
Изобретение относится к области электротехники, в частности к электрохимическим генераторам постоянного тока. The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to electrochemical DC generators.
Известно, что топливные элементы могут постоянно вырабатывать электроэнергию, пока к ним поступает топливо и окислитель. Практически все технологии преобразования энергии топлива в электрическую энергию основываются на процессах окисления. Основой работы химических источников тока является химическая реакция взаимодействия окислителя и восстановителя. Обычно топливный элемент состоит из анода, катода и электролита. It is known that fuel cells can continuously generate electricity as long as fuel and oxidizer are supplied to them. Almost all technologies for converting fuel energy into electrical energy are based on oxidation processes. The basis of the operation of chemical current sources is the chemical reaction of the interaction of an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent. Typically, a fuel cell consists of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte.
Известен топливный элемент (Патент RU №2265643, C10L 1/12, C10L 1/18, 27 Л2.2004), в котором окислитель представляет собой кислород воздуха и находится в непосредственном контакте с катодом. Known fuel cell (Patent RU No. 2265643, C10L 1/12, C10L 1/18, 27 L2.2004), in which the oxidizer is oxygen in the air and is in direct contact with the cathode.
Недостатком известного способа активации топливных батарей является то, что не обеспечивается компактность источника тока вследствие того, что количество топлива и окислителя, вступающего в реакцию в единицу времени, зависит от площади соприкосновения анода, катода, электролита, топлива и окислителя и от энергетического барьера начала реакции окисления топлива. The disadvantage of the known method of activating fuel batteries is that the compactness of the current source is not ensured due to the fact that the amount of fuel and oxidizer reacting per unit time depends on the contact area of the anode, cathode, electrolyte, fuel and oxidizer and on the energy barrier of the beginning of the reaction fuel oxidation.
Известен топливный элемент (Патент RU №2079934, Н01М 8/10, Н01М 14/00, 20.05.1997), в котором в качестве рабочей смеси используют состав 80% кислорода Ог и 20% СО при атмосферном давлении. A fuel cell is known (Patent RU No. 2079934, H01M 8/10, H01M 14/00, 05/20/1997), in which the composition of 80% oxygen Og and 20% CO at atmospheric pressure is used as a working mixture.
Недостатком известного способа активации топливных батарей является относительно большие габаритные размеры, обусловленные необходимостью подготовки топлива и окислителя до необходимых параметров. The disadvantage of the known method of activation of fuel cells is the relatively large overall dimensions due to the need to prepare the fuel and oxidizer to the required parameters.
Известны различные виды топливных элементов, в которых анод и катод разделяются электролитом, проводящим ионы. Топливные элементы вырабатывают электроэнергию и тепло вследствие происходящей электрохимической реакции, используя электролит, катод и анод путем их активации. There are various types of fuel cells in which the anode and cathode are separated by an ion-conducting electrolyte. Fuel cells generate electricity and heat due to the ongoing electrochemical reaction, using the electrolyte, cathode and anode by activating them.
Недостатком известных топливных элементов является низкая удельная мощность топливных элементов из-за больших габаритных размеров и низкой скорости протекания электрохимических реакций. The disadvantage of the known fuel cells is the low power density of the fuel cells due to the large overall dimensions and the low rate of electrochemical reactions.
Задачей предлагаемого изобретения является разработка способа активации топливных элементов с большей удельной мощностью за счет увеличения скорости протекания электрохимических реакций. Заявленный способ активации топливных
элементов не требует сложного оборудования для осуществления и пригоден в массовом производстве. The objective of the present invention is to develop a method for activating fuel cells with a higher power density by increasing the rate of electrochemical reactions. The claimed method of fuel activation elements does not require sophisticated equipment for implementation and is suitable for mass production.
Поставленная цель достигается тем, что в способе активации топливных элементов активация осуществляется тем, что перед подачей на катод окислителя, такого как кислород воздуха, он проходит через ионизатор, также перед подачей на анод топлива, такого как водород или углеводороды, оно проходит через свой ионизатор. Тем самым, в способе активации топливных элементов осуществляется ионизация окислителя и топлива в постоянном электрическом поле высокой напряженности (20000v и более) с целью ослабления межатомных связей, вплоть до полного разрушения, и поляризации молекул путем смещения электронного облака непосредственно перед подачей их в устройство где происходит окислительная реакция. Поляризация молекул в переменном электромагнитном поле не происходит. This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of activating fuel cells, activation is carried out by passing through an ionizer before supplying an oxidizer, such as atmospheric oxygen, to the cathode, and also passing through its ionizer before supplying fuel, such as hydrogen or hydrocarbons, to the anode. . Thus, in the method of activating fuel cells, the oxidizer and fuel are ionized in a constant electric field of high intensity (20000v and more) in order to weaken interatomic bonds, up to complete destruction, and polarize molecules by displacing the electron cloud immediately before they are fed into the device where oxidative reaction. Polarization of molecules in an alternating electromagnetic field does not occur.
Сущность изобретения поясняется рисунками, где на фиг.1 изображен топливный элемент с подачей на катод 1 кислорода Ог с воздухом 4, на анод 3 подается топливо?. На фиг.2 на катод 1 подается ионизированный кислород воздуха, образуемый ионизатором воздуха 8 непосредственно перед подачей на катод. На анод 3 подается ионизированное топливо, выбранное из водорода или углеводородов, образуемое в ионизаторе топлива 9 непосредственно перед подачей на анод. The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a fuel cell with the supply of oxygen Og with air 4 to the cathode 1, fuel is supplied to the anode 3?. In figure 2, the cathode 1 is supplied with ionized air oxygen generated by the air ionizer 8 immediately before being fed to the cathode. The anode 3 is supplied with ionized fuel, selected from hydrogen or hydrocarbons, formed in the fuel ionizer 9 immediately before being fed to the anode.
В корпусе топливного элемента 5 размещены катод 1 и анод 3, связанные между собой замкнутой электрической цепью (нагрузка) 6, при этом между электродами находится электролит 2. На фиг.1 на катод подается кислород из воздуха 4, на анод подается топливо 7 (например, НД. На фиг 2 на катод подается ионизированный кислород, образуемый из кислорода воздуха в ионизаторе воздуха 8 непосредственно перед подачей на катод. In the body of the fuel cell 5 there is a cathode 1 and an anode 3, interconnected by a closed electrical circuit (load) 6, while electrolyte 2 is located between the electrodes. In FIG.
На анод 3 подается ионизированное топливо (например, водород или углеводороды), образуемое в ионизаторе топлива 9 непосредственно перед подачей на анод. В результате того, что на катод и анод попадают и участвуют в реакции окисления реагенты с уменьшенным порогом начала окислительной реакции, электрохимическая реакция окисления ускорится. Значит, при тех же габаритах, площади контакта электролита с катодом, анодом, топливом, окислителем, увеличится удельная мощность электрохимической батареи. The anode 3 is supplied with ionized fuel (for example, hydrogen or hydrocarbons) formed in the fuel ionizer 9 immediately before being fed to the anode. As a result of the fact that reagents with a reduced threshold for the onset of the oxidation reaction enter the cathode and anode and participate in the oxidation reaction, the electrochemical oxidation reaction will accelerate. This means that with the same dimensions, the contact area of the electrolyte with the cathode, anode, fuel, oxidizer, the specific power of the electrochemical battery will increase.
Данный способ обеспечивает возможность достижения более компактных конструкций топливных батарей. В конечном итоге обеспечивается повышение удельной мощности топливных элементов.
This method makes it possible to achieve more compact fuel cell designs. Ultimately, an increase in the specific power of fuel cells is provided.
Claims
3 3
ФОРМУЛА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ CLAIM
Способ активации топливных элементов, характеризующийся тем, что активацию осуществляют путем ионизации окислителя, такого как кислород, и ионизации топлива, которое выбирают из водорода и, углеводородов, перед подачей окислителя и топлива на катод и анод.
A method for activating fuel cells, characterized in that the activation is carried out by ionizing an oxidizing agent, such as oxygen, and ionizing a fuel, which is selected from hydrogen and hydrocarbons, before supplying the oxidizing agent and fuel to the cathode and anode.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| KZ2021/0558.1 | 2021-09-16 | ||
| KZ20210558 | 2021-09-16 |
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| WO2023043302A1 true WO2023043302A1 (en) | 2023-03-23 |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2079934C1 (en) * | 1994-03-16 | 1997-05-20 | Андрей Анатольевич Давыдов | Method of generation of electric power |
| CN1525588A (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2004-09-01 | 胡大林 | A method for facilitating chemical reaction progress in fuel cell |
| RU2265643C2 (en) * | 2001-01-03 | 2005-12-10 | Мо Энерджи Лтд | Liquid fuel composition for electrochemical fuel elements and fuel element on its base |
| ES1068680U (en) * | 2008-08-19 | 2008-11-16 | Ignacio De Salas Claret | Hydrogen generation device for internal combustión motors (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| US20090011296A1 (en) * | 2007-07-02 | 2009-01-08 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. | Hydrogen generating apparatus and fuel cell power generation system |
| WO2020086402A1 (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-04-30 | Ecer Gunes M | Simplified fuel cell system, apparatus, and process |
-
2022
- 2022-05-22 WO PCT/KZ2022/000003 patent/WO2023043302A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2079934C1 (en) * | 1994-03-16 | 1997-05-20 | Андрей Анатольевич Давыдов | Method of generation of electric power |
| RU2265643C2 (en) * | 2001-01-03 | 2005-12-10 | Мо Энерджи Лтд | Liquid fuel composition for electrochemical fuel elements and fuel element on its base |
| CN1525588A (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2004-09-01 | 胡大林 | A method for facilitating chemical reaction progress in fuel cell |
| US20090011296A1 (en) * | 2007-07-02 | 2009-01-08 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. | Hydrogen generating apparatus and fuel cell power generation system |
| ES1068680U (en) * | 2008-08-19 | 2008-11-16 | Ignacio De Salas Claret | Hydrogen generation device for internal combustión motors (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| WO2020086402A1 (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-04-30 | Ecer Gunes M | Simplified fuel cell system, apparatus, and process |
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