WO2023038103A1 - 発電素子、発電素子の製造方法、発電装置、及び電子機器 - Google Patents
発電素子、発電素子の製造方法、発電装置、及び電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023038103A1 WO2023038103A1 PCT/JP2022/033831 JP2022033831W WO2023038103A1 WO 2023038103 A1 WO2023038103 A1 WO 2023038103A1 JP 2022033831 W JP2022033831 W JP 2022033831W WO 2023038103 A1 WO2023038103 A1 WO 2023038103A1
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- power generation
- electrode
- generation element
- fine particles
- intermediate portion
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N15/00—Thermoelectric devices without a junction of dissimilar materials; Thermomagnetic devices, e.g. using the Nernst-Ettingshausen effect
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
- H02N11/002—Generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N3/00—Generators in which thermal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one thermoelectric or thermomagnetic element covered by groups H10N10/00 - H10N15/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a power generation element, a power generation element, a power generation device, and an electronic device that eliminate the need for a temperature difference between electrodes when converting thermal energy into electrical energy.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a generation step of generating nanoparticles dispersed in a solvent or an organic solvent using a femtosecond pulse laser, a first electrode portion forming step of forming a first electrode portion on a first substrate, a second electrode portion forming step of forming a second electrode portion on a second substrate; and the first substrate with the solvent or the organic solvent sandwiched between the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion. and a bonding step of bonding the second substrate and the like.
- the work function difference between the electrodes is mainly cited as a parameter that affects the power generation amount. Therefore, if the selection of materials used for each electrode is limited, it is difficult to improve the amount of power generation.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a power generation element capable of improving the amount of power generation, a method for manufacturing the power generation element, a power generation device, and an electronic device. It is to provide equipment.
- a power generation element is a power generation element that does not require a temperature difference between electrodes when converting thermal energy into electrical energy, and comprises: a first electrode; and a second electrode provided on the intermediate portion and having a work function different from that of the first electrode.
- a power generation element according to a second invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, the fine particles contain at least one of titanium and zirconium.
- a power generation element is the power generating element according to the first aspect or the second aspect, wherein the fine particles include barium titanate, strontium titanate, calcium titanate, lead titanate, tin titanate, cadmium titanate, and strontium zirconate. characterized by containing at least one of
- a power generation element according to a fourth invention is the power generation element according to any one of the first to third inventions, wherein the intermediate portion includes a non-conductor layer that encloses the fine particles and supports the first electrode and the second electrode. characterized by
- a power generation element according to a fifth invention is characterized in that, in the fourth invention, the non-conductor layer contains a hydrophilic material.
- a power generation element according to a sixth invention is characterized in that, in the fifth invention, the nonconductor layer contains an organic polymer compound.
- a power generating element according to a seventh invention is the power generating element according to any one of the fourth to sixth inventions, wherein the intermediate portion includes a plurality of locking portions that support the first electrode and the second electrode. .
- a power generation element is characterized in that, in the seventh invention, the engaging portion is spherical with a larger median diameter than the fine particles.
- a method for manufacturing a power generation element according to a ninth aspect of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a power generation element that does not require a temperature difference between electrodes when converting thermal energy into electrical energy, and comprises a first electrode and fine particles having a perovskite structure. and a second electrode having a work function different from that of the first electrode.
- a power generator includes the power generation element according to the first aspect of the invention, a first wiring electrically connected to the first electrode, and a second wiring electrically connected to the second electrode. It is characterized by having
- An electronic device is characterized by comprising the power generation element according to the first invention and an electronic component driven by using the power generation element as a power supply.
- the intermediate portion contains fine particles exhibiting a perovskite structure. For this reason, protons generated from water molecules contained in the atmosphere around the power generating element, etc. move to the electrode on the low potential side due to the electric field between the electrodes. Electron transfer between the electrodes is activated along with the proton transfer. This makes it possible to improve the amount of power generation.
- the intermediate portion includes a non-conductor layer containing fine particles. That is, the non-conductor layer suppresses movement of the fine particles between the electrodes. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the fine particles from becoming unevenly distributed on one electrode side over time and reducing the amount of movement of electrons. This makes it possible to stabilize the power generation amount.
- the intermediate portion includes a non-conductor layer that supports the first electrode and the second electrode. Therefore, compared to the case where a solvent or the like is used instead of the non-conductive layer, there is no need to provide a support portion or the like for maintaining the distance (gap) between the electrodes, and the gap resulting from the formation accuracy of the support portion is eliminated. Distortion can be removed. This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation.
- the nonconductor layer contains a hydrophilic material. Therefore, it is possible to easily maintain the state in which the water molecules are close to the fine particles. This makes it possible to further stabilize the power generation amount.
- the nonconductor layer contains an organic polymer compound. Therefore, the non-conductor layer can be formed flexibly. As a result, it is possible to obtain a power generation element having a shape suitable for the application.
- the intermediate portion includes a plurality of locking portions that support the first electrode and the second electrode. Therefore, it is possible to suppress variations in the gap caused by the non-conductor layer. This makes it possible to further increase the amount of power generation.
- the engaging portion is spherical with a larger median diameter than the fine particles. Therefore, the contact area between the locking portion and each electrode can be minimized. This makes it possible to suppress a decrease in the amount of power generated due to the arrangement of the locking portion.
- the power generator includes the power generation element according to the first invention. Therefore, it is possible to realize a power generation device that stabilizes the power generation amount.
- an electronic device includes the power generation element according to the first invention. Therefore, it is possible to realize an electronic device that stabilizes the amount of power generation.
- FIG. 1(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a power generation element and a power generation device in the first embodiment
- FIG. 1(b) is a schematic cross-sectional view along AA in FIG. 1(a).
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the intermediate portion
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing an example of a method for manufacturing a power generation element according to the first embodiment
- 4(a) to 4(d) are schematic cross-sectional views showing an example of the method for manufacturing the power generation element according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a first modification of the power generation element and the power generation device in the first embodiment
- FIG. 5B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the power generation element and the power generation device in the first embodiment. It is a schematic cross section which shows a 2nd modification.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a first modification of the intermediate portion.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a second modification of the intermediate portion.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an intermediate portion of the power generation element in the second embodiment.
- FIGS. 9(a) to 9(d) are schematic block diagrams showing examples of electronic devices having power generation elements, and FIGS. 9(e) to 9(h) show power generation devices including power generation elements. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the example of the electronic device provided.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an operation example of the power generation element in the first embodiment.
- the height direction in which each electrode is stacked is defined as a first direction Z
- one planar direction that intersects, for example, is orthogonal to the first direction Z is defined as a second direction X.
- a third direction Y is another planar direction that intersects, for example, is orthogonal to each of the directions X.
- the configuration in each drawing is schematically described for explanation, and for example, the size of each configuration and the comparison of the size of each configuration may differ from those in the drawings.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a power generation element 1 and a power generation device 100 in this embodiment.
- FIG. 1(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a power generation element 1 and a power generation device 100 in this embodiment
- FIG. 1(b) is a schematic cross section along AA in FIG. 1(a). It is a diagram.
- the power generation device 100 includes a power generation element 1 , first wiring 101 and second wiring 102 .
- the power generation element 1 converts thermal energy into electrical energy.
- the power generation device 100 including such a power generation element 1 is, for example, mounted or installed on a heat source (not shown), and based on the thermal energy of the heat source, the electrical energy generated from the power generation element 1 is transferred to the first wiring 101 and the second wiring 101. 2 output to the load R via the wiring 102 .
- One end of the load R is electrically connected to the first wiring 101 and the other end is electrically connected to the second wiring 102 .
- a load R indicates, for example, an electrical device.
- the load R is driven, for example, using the generator 100 as a main power source or an auxiliary power source.
- heat sources for the power generation element 1 include electronic devices or electronic parts such as CPUs (Central Processing Units), light emitting elements such as LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes), engines such as automobiles, production equipment in factories, human bodies, sunlight, and environmental temperature.
- electronic devices, electronic parts, light-emitting elements, engines, production equipment, etc. are artificial heat sources.
- the human body, sunlight, ambient temperature, etc. are natural heat sources.
- the power generation device 100 including the power generation element 1 can be provided inside mobile devices such as IoT (Internet of Things) devices and wearable devices and self-supporting sensor terminals, and can be used as an alternative or supplement to batteries. Furthermore, the power generation device 100 can also be applied to larger power generation devices such as solar power generation.
- the power generation element 1 converts, for example, thermal energy generated by the artificial heat source or thermal energy possessed by the natural heat source into electrical energy to generate current.
- the power generation element 1 can be provided not only inside the power generation device 100, but also inside the mobile device, the self-contained sensor terminal, or the like. In this case, the power generation element 1 itself can serve as an alternative or auxiliary part of the battery, such as the mobile device or the self-contained sensor terminal.
- the power generation element 1 includes, for example, a first electrode 11, a second electrode 12, and an intermediate portion 14, as shown in FIG. 1(a).
- the power generation element 1 may include at least one of the first substrate 15 and the second substrate 16, for example.
- the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 are provided facing each other.
- the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 have different work functions.
- the intermediate portion 14 is provided in a space 140 including a gap G between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, as shown in FIG. 2, for example.
- the work function of the first electrode 11 is larger than the work function of the second electrode 12.
- an electric field is generated in the gap G, the first electrode 11 exhibits a low potential, and the second electrode 12 exhibits a high potential.
- the intermediate portion 14 contains fine particles 141 exhibiting a perovskite structure.
- water molecules contained in the atmosphere around the power generating element 1 can react with metal ions such as barium contained in the perovskite structure.
- metal ions such as barium contained in the perovskite structure.
- water molecules produce hydronium (H 3 O + ) and hydroxide ions (OH ⁇ ).
- Hydronium transfers protons (H + ) to adjacent water molecules.
- the proton transmission speed tends to be much faster than that of ion conduction or the like.
- the protons move toward the electrode on the low potential side (the first electrode 11 in FIG.
- the protons receive electrons from the first electrode 11 on the low potential side, and the hydroxide ions supply electrons to the second electrode 12 on the high potential side. Therefore, electron transfer between the electrodes 11 and 12 is activated. This makes it possible to improve the amount of power generation.
- the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 are spaced apart in the first direction Z, as shown in FIG. 1(a), for example.
- Each of the electrodes 11 and 12 may extend in the second direction X and the third direction Y, for example, and may be provided in plurality.
- one second electrode 12 may be provided facing the plurality of first electrodes 11 at different positions.
- one first electrode 11 may be provided facing the plurality of second electrodes 12 at different positions.
- a conductive material is used as the material of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 .
- materials for the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 for example, materials having different work functions are used. The same material may be used for the electrodes 11 and 12, and in this case, the electrodes 11 and 12 may have different work functions.
- non-metallic conductor As the material of the electrodes 11 and 12, for example, a material composed of a single element such as iron, aluminum, or copper may be used, or an alloy material composed of, for example, two or more elements may be used.
- a non-metallic conductor for example, may be used as the material of the electrodes 11 and 12 .
- Examples of nonmetallic conductors include silicon (Si: for example, p-type Si or n-type Si) and carbon-based materials such as graphene.
- the thickness of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 along the first direction Z is, for example, 4 nm or more and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 along the first direction Z may be, for example, 4 nm or more and 50 nm or less.
- the gap G which indicates the distance between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, can be arbitrarily set by changing the thickness of the non-conductor layer 142, for example. For example, by narrowing the gap G, the electric field generated between the electrodes 11 and 12 can be increased, so that the power generation amount of the power generation element 1 can be increased. Further, for example, by narrowing the gap G, the thickness of the power generation element 1 along the first direction Z can be reduced.
- the gap G is a finite value of 500 ⁇ m or less, for example.
- the gap G is, for example, 10 nm or more and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- variations in the gap G on the surfaces along the second direction X and the third direction Y may lead to a decrease in the power generation amount.
- the gap G is larger than 1 ⁇ m, the electric field generated between the electrodes 11 and 12 may weaken.
- the gap G is preferably larger than 200 nm and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the intermediate portion 14 includes, for example, fine particles 141 and a non-conductor layer 142 .
- the non-conductor layer 142 contains the fine particles 141 and supports the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 . In this case, movement of the particles 141 in the gap G is suppressed by the non-conductor layer 142 . Therefore, it is possible to prevent the fine particles 141 from becoming unevenly distributed on the side of one of the electrodes 11 and 12 over time and reducing the amount of movement of electrons. This makes it possible to stabilize the power generation amount.
- the non-conductor layer 142 is formed, for example, by curing a non-conductor material.
- the non-conductor layer 142 exhibits a solid, for example.
- the non-conducting layer 142 may include, for example, diluent residue and uncured portions of the non-conducting material. In this case as well, it is possible to stabilize the power generation amount in the same manner as described above.
- the fine particles 141 are fixed in a dispersed state in the non-conductor layer 142, for example. In this case as well, it is possible to stabilize the power generation amount in the same manner as described above.
- the intermediate portion 14 is provided on the first electrode 11 .
- the second electrode 12 is provided on the non-conductor layer 142 .
- the amount of power generation can be increased.
- a liquid such as a solvent is used as the intermediate portion, it is necessary to provide a support portion or the like for maintaining the gap G.
- the gap G may vary greatly with the formation of the supporting portion and the like.
- the second electrode 12 is provided on the non-conductor layer 142, so there is no need to provide a supporting portion or the like for maintaining the gap G, and the supporting portion or the like is not required. It is possible to eliminate gap variations due to formation accuracy. This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation.
- the fine particles 141 may come into contact with the support and aggregate around the support.
- the power generating element 1 of the present embodiment it is possible to eliminate the state in which the fine particles 141 aggregate due to the supporting portion. This makes it possible to maintain a stable power generation amount.
- the intermediate portion 14 extends on a plane along the second direction X and the third direction Y, as shown in FIG. 1(b), for example.
- the intermediate portion 14 is provided within a space 140 formed between the electrodes 11 , 12 .
- the intermediate portion 14 may be in contact with the main surfaces of the electrodes 11 and 12 facing each other, and may also be in contact with the side surfaces of the electrodes 11 and 12, for example.
- the fine particles 141 may be dispersed in the non-conductor layer 142 and partially exposed from the non-conductor layer 142, for example.
- the particles 141 may be filled in the gap G, for example, and the non-conductor layer 142 may be provided in the gaps between the particles 141 .
- the particle diameter of the fine particles 141 is smaller than the gap G, for example.
- the particle diameter of the fine particles 141 is set to a finite value of 1/10 or less of the gap G, for example. If the particle diameter of the fine particles 141 is set to 1/10 or less of the gap G, it becomes easier to form the intermediate portion 14 containing the fine particles 141 in the space 140 . This makes it possible to improve the workability when generating the power generation element 1 .
- the fine particles 141 include particles having a particle diameter of, for example, 2 nm or more and 1000 nm or less.
- the fine particles 141 may include, for example, particles having a median diameter (median diameter: D50) of 3 nm or more and 8 nm or less, or particles having an average particle diameter of 3 nm or more and 8 nm or less.
- the median diameter or average particle diameter can be measured, for example, by using a particle size distribution analyzer.
- a particle size distribution measuring instrument for example, a particle size distribution measuring instrument using a dynamic light scattering method (eg, Zetasizer Ultra manufactured by Malvern Panalytical, etc.) may be used.
- the fine particles 141 exhibit a perovskite structure.
- Fine particles 141 contain, for example, at least one of titanium and zirconium.
- the fine particles 141 are, for example, barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ), calcium titanate (CaTiO 3 ), lead titanate (PbTiO 3 ), tin titanate (SnTiO 3 ), cadmium titanate (CdTiO 3 ). 3 ) and strontium zirconate (SrZrO 3 ).
- the microparticles 141 include, for example, a coating 141a on the surface.
- the thickness of the coating 141a is, for example, a finite value of 20 nm or less.
- a material having, for example, a thiol group or a disulfide group is used as the coating 141a.
- Alkanethiol such as dodecanethiol is used as the material having a thiol group.
- a material having a disulfide group for example, an alkane disulfide or the like is used.
- the non-conductor layer 142 is provided between the electrodes 11 and 12 and is in contact with the electrodes 11 and 12, for example.
- the thickness of the non-conductor layer 142 is a finite value of 500 ⁇ m or less, for example.
- the thickness of the non-conductor layer 142 affects the value and variation of the gap G described above. Therefore, for example, when the thickness of the non-conductor layer 142 is 200 nm or less, variations in the gap G in the planes along the second direction X and the third direction Y may lead to a decrease in power generation. Also, if the thickness of the non-conductor layer 142 is greater than 1 ⁇ m, the electric field generated between the electrodes 11 and 12 may weaken. For these reasons, the thickness of the non-conductor layer 142 is preferably greater than 200 nm and equal to or less than 1 ⁇ m.
- the non-conductor layer 142 may contain, for example, one type of material, or may contain a plurality of materials depending on the application. Materials described in ISO 1043-1 or JIS K 6899-1, for example, may be used as the non-conductor layer 142 .
- the non-conductor layer 142 may include a plurality of layers containing different materials, for example, and may include a structure in which each layer is laminated. When the non-conductor layer 142 includes a plurality of layers, for example, particles 141 containing different materials may be included (eg, dispersed) in each layer.
- the non-conductor layer 142 has insulating properties, for example.
- the material used for the non-conductor layer 142 is arbitrary as long as it is a non-conductor material that can fix the fine particles 141 in a dispersed state, but an organic polymer compound is preferable.
- the non-conductor layer 142 contains an organic polymer compound, the non-conductor layer 142 can be formed flexibly, so that the power generating element 1 can be formed in a shape such as curved or bent according to the application.
- organic polymer compounds include polyimides, polyamides, polyesters, polycarbonates, poly(meth)acrylates, radically polymerizable photo- or thermosetting resins, photo-cationically polymerizable photo- or thermosetting resins, epoxy resins, and acrylonitrile components.
- the non-conductor layer 142 contains, for example, a hydrophilic material.
- a hydrophilic material such as polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, and polyethylene glycol are used for the non-conductor layer 142 .
- hydrophilic materials include known materials such as nonionic polymers, anionic polymers, cationic polymers, acrylic resins, polyester resins, and polyurethane resins.
- An inorganic substance may be used as the non-conductor layer 142, for example.
- inorganic substances include porous inorganic substances such as zeolite and diatomaceous earth, as well as cage-like molecules.
- the first substrate 15 and the second substrate 16 are spaced apart in the first direction Z with the electrodes 11 and 12 and the intermediate portion 14 interposed therebetween, as shown in FIG. 1A, for example.
- the first substrate 15 is, for example, in contact with the first electrode 11 and separated from the second electrode 12 .
- the first substrate 15 fixes the first electrode 11 .
- the second substrate 16 is in contact with the second electrode 12 and separated from the first electrode 11 .
- a second substrate 16 fixes the second electrode 12 .
- each of the substrates 15 and 16 along the first direction Z is, for example, 10 ⁇ m or more and 2 mm or less.
- the thickness of each substrate 15, 16 can be set arbitrarily.
- the shape of each of the substrates 15 and 16 may be, for example, square, rectangular, or disk-like, and can be arbitrarily set according to the application.
- the substrates 15 and 16 for example, plate-shaped members having insulation properties can be used, and known members such as silicon, quartz, and Pyrex (registered trademark) can be used.
- a film-like member may be used, and for example, a known film-like member such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PC (polycarbonate), polyimide, or the like may be used.
- a member having conductivity can be used, such as iron, aluminum, copper, or an alloy of aluminum and copper.
- a member such as a conductive polymer may be used in addition to a conductive semiconductor such as Si or GaN. If conductive members are used for the substrates 15 and 16, wiring for connecting to the electrodes 11 and 12 becomes unnecessary.
- the first substrate 15 may have a degenerate portion that contacts the first electrode 11 .
- the contact resistance between the first electrode 11 and the first substrate 15 can be reduced as compared with the case without the degenerate portion.
- the first substrate 15 may have a recessed portion on a surface different from the surface in contact with the first electrode 11 . In this case, the contact resistance between the wiring (for example, the first wiring 101) electrically connected to the first substrate 15 can be reduced.
- contact resistance can be reduced by providing contraction portions on the contact surfaces of the substrates 15 and 16 that are in contact with each other as the power generation elements 1 are stacked.
- the above-mentioned degenerate portion is generated, for example, by ion-implanting an n-type dopant into a semiconductor at a high concentration, coating a semiconductor with a material such as glass containing an n-type dopant, and performing heat treatment after coating.
- impurities to be doped into the semiconductor first substrate 15 known impurities such as P, As, Sb, etc. for n-type, and B, Ba, Al, etc. for p-type are mentioned. Further, electrons can be efficiently emitted when the impurity concentration in the degenerate portion is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 19 ions/cm 3 .
- the specific resistance value of the first substrate 15 may be, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ cm or more and 1 ⁇ 10 6 ⁇ cm or less. If the resistivity value of the first substrate 15 is less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ cm, it is difficult to select the material. Also, if the specific resistance value of the first substrate 15 is greater than 1 ⁇ 10 6 ⁇ cm, there is a concern that current loss may increase.
- the second substrate 16 may be a semiconductor. In this case, the description is omitted because it is the same as the above.
- the power generation element 1 may include only the first substrate 15 as shown in FIG. 5(a), or may include only the second substrate 16, for example.
- the power generation element 1 has a laminated structure in which a plurality of the first electrode 11, the intermediate portion 14, and the second electrode 12 are laminated in this order without the respective substrates 15 and 16. (e.g. 1a, 1b, 1c, etc.), for example, a laminated structure comprising at least one of the substrates 15, 16 may be indicated.
- the intermediate portion 14 may contain a solvent 142s instead of the non-conductor layer 142, as shown in FIG. 6, for example.
- the fine particles 141 are dispersed in the solvent 142s.
- each of the electrodes 11 and 12 is supported by a supporting portion (not shown).
- a known liquid such as water or toluene is used as the solvent 142s. Even in this case, it is possible to improve the amount of power generation by including the fine particles 141 exhibiting the perovskite structure described above.
- the intermediate portion 14 may not include the non-conductor layer 142, as shown in FIG. 7, for example.
- the gap G is filled with the fine particles 141 .
- each of the electrodes 11 and 12 is supported by a supporting portion (not shown). Even in this case, it is possible to improve the amount of power generation by including the fine particles 141 exhibiting the perovskite structure described above.
- ⁇ Example of operation of power generation element 1> For example, when thermal energy is applied to the power generation element 1, a current is generated between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, and the thermal energy is converted into electrical energy. The amount of current generated between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 depends on thermal energy and also depends on the difference between the work function of the second electrode 12 and the work function of the first electrode 11 .
- the amount of current generated can be increased, for example, by increasing the work function difference between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 and by decreasing the gap G.
- the amount of electrical energy generated by the power generation element 1 can be increased by considering at least one of increasing the work function difference and decreasing the gap G.
- the amount of electrons moving between the electrodes 11 and 12 can be increased, which can lead to an increase in the amount of current.
- the power generation element 1 of the present embodiment includes fine particles 141 exhibiting a perovskite structure. Therefore, the electron transfer between the electrodes 11, 12 is activated due to the proton characteristics described above. This makes it possible to improve the amount of power generation.
- the "work function” indicates the minimum energy required to extract electrons in a solid into a vacuum.
- the work function is measured using, for example, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), or Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). can be done.
- UPS ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- AES Auger electron spectroscopy
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing an example of a method for manufacturing the power generating element 1 according to this embodiment.
- the method for manufacturing the power generating element 1 includes an element forming step S100, and may include, for example, a sealing material forming step S140.
- the element forming step S100 forms the first electrode 11, the intermediate portion 14, and the second electrode 12, respectively.
- a plurality of first electrodes 11, intermediate portions 14, and second electrodes 12 may be laminated.
- the first electrode 11, the intermediate portion 14, and the second electrode 12 are formed using, for example, a known forming technique.
- the element forming step S100 includes, for example, a first electrode forming step S110, an intermediate portion forming step S120, and a second electrode forming step S130. The order in which steps S110, S120, and S130 are performed is arbitrary.
- the first electrode forming step S110 forms the first electrode 11 .
- the first electrode 11 is formed on the first substrate 15, as shown in FIG. 4A, for example.
- the first electrode 11 is formed by, for example, a sputtering method or a vacuum deposition method under a reduced pressure environment, or is formed using a known electrode forming technique.
- the first electrode 11 may be formed by processing a stretched electrode material into an arbitrary size. In this case, the first substrate 15 may not be used.
- the first electrode 11 may be formed on the first substrate 15, for example.
- the first electrode 11 can be applied onto the first substrate 15, and the first substrate 15 and the first electrodes 11 can be rolled up. After that, for example, in at least one of the intermediate portion forming step S120, the second electrode forming step S130, and the sealing material forming step S140, which will be described later, it may be cut into an area according to the application.
- the intermediate portion 14 including the non-conductor layer 142 is formed on the first electrode 11, as shown in FIG. 4B, for example.
- a non-conductor material containing fine particles 141 is applied to the surface of the first electrode 11 or the like, and the non-conductor layer 142 is formed by curing the non-conductor material. As a result, the intermediate portion 14 including the non-conductor layer 142 containing the fine particles 141 is formed.
- a non-conductive material is applied to the surface of the first electrode 11 by a known coating technique such as screen printing or spin coating.
- the film thickness of the non-conducting material can be arbitrarily set according to the design of the gap G described above.
- the non-conducting material a polymer material with known insulating properties such as epoxy resin is used.
- a thermosetting resin is used, and for example, an ultraviolet curable resin is used.
- the non-conductor layer 142 may be formed by heating, UV irradiation, or the like on the applied non-conductor material according to the properties of the non-conductor material.
- a fine particle material may be mixed in any inorganic material and laser irradiation may be performed.
- the non-conductor layer 142 containing the fine particles 141 is formed, and the intermediate portion 14 is formed.
- the second electrode forming step S130 forms the second electrode 12 on the non-conductor layer 142, as shown in FIG. 4C, for example.
- the second electrode 12 is formed using a material having a work function lower than that of the first electrode 11, for example.
- the second electrode 12 is formed using a known electrode forming technique such as nanoimprinting.
- the second electrode forming step S130 is formed, for example, on the surface of the non-conductor layer 142 by sputtering or vacuum deposition under a reduced pressure environment.
- the main surface of the second electrode 12 is in contact with the non-conductor layer 142 without being exposed to the air or the like. Therefore, fluctuations in the work function of the second electrode 12 can be suppressed. This makes it possible to further stabilize the power generation amount.
- the surface of the second electrode 12 provided in advance on the second substrate 16 is brought into contact with the surface of the non-conductor layer 142 to form the second electrode 12. good too.
- variations in the surface state of the second electrode 12 due to the surface state of the non-conductor layer 142 can be suppressed compared to the case where the second electrode 12 is formed directly on the surface of the non-conductor layer 142 . This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation.
- the second substrate 16 when a film member is used as the second substrate 16, it can be realized by preparing the second substrate 16 coated with the second electrode 12.
- the second substrate 16 and the second electrode 12 are wound into a roll. It can be prepared as is. After that, for example, before or after the sealing material forming step S140, which will be described later, it may be cut into areas according to the application.
- the intermediate portion 14 and the second electrode 12 may be heated.
- the heating of the intermediate portion 14 and the second electrode 12 may be performed, for example, instead of the heating in the intermediate portion forming step S120, or may be performed in addition to the heating in the intermediate portion forming step S120.
- the surface of the nonconductor layer 142 in contact with the second electrode 12 is easily flattened. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the generation of a slight gap between the non-conductor layer 142 and the second electrode 12 . This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation.
- the sealing material forming step S140 may be performed after the second electrode forming step S130.
- the sealing material 17 is formed in contact with at least one of the first electrode 11, the intermediate portion 14 and the second electrode 12, as shown in FIG.
- the sealing material 17 is formed using a known technique such as nanoimprinting.
- an insulating material is used, for example, a known insulating resin such as a fluorine-based insulating resin is used.
- a known insulating resin such as a fluorine-based insulating resin is used.
- the sealing material 17 is formed so as to cover the intermediate portion 14, the intermediate portion 14 is not exposed to the outside, so durability can be further improved.
- the power generating element 1 in the present embodiment is formed by performing the steps described above.
- a second substrate 16 shown in FIG. 1A may be formed on the second electrode 12 .
- the power generator 100 in the present embodiment is formed.
- the intermediate portion 14 contains fine particles 141 exhibiting a perovskite structure. Therefore, protons generated from water molecules contained in the atmosphere around the power generating element 1 move to the electrode (first electrode 11) on the low potential side due to the electric field between the electrodes (first electrode 11, second electrode 12). do. Electron transfer between the electrodes is activated along with the proton transfer. This makes it possible to improve the amount of power generation.
- the intermediate portion 14 includes the non-conductor layer 142 containing the fine particles 141 . That is, the non-conductor layer 142 suppresses movement of the fine particles 141 between the electrodes. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the fine particles 141 from becoming unevenly distributed on the one electrode side over time and reducing the amount of movement of electrons. This makes it possible to stabilize the power generation amount.
- the intermediate portion 14 includes the non-conductor layer 142 that supports the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 . Therefore, compared to the case where a solvent or the like is used instead of the non-conductor layer 142, there is no need to provide a supporting portion or the like for maintaining the distance (gap G) between the electrodes, and the accuracy of forming the supporting portion is reduced. Variation in the gap G can be eliminated. This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation.
- the non-conductor layer 142 contains a hydrophilic material. Therefore, the state in which the water molecules are close to the fine particles 141 can be easily maintained. This makes it possible to further stabilize the power generation amount.
- the non-conductor layer 142 contains an organic polymer compound. Therefore, the non-conductor layer 142 can be formed flexibly. As a result, the power generation element 1 having a shape suitable for the application can be obtained.
- the sealing material forming step S140 forms the sealing material 17 in contact with the first electrode 11, the intermediate portion 14, and the second electrode 12 after the second electrode forming step S130.
- the sealing material forming step S140 forms the sealing material 17 in contact with the first electrode 11, the intermediate portion 14, and the second electrode 12 after the second electrode forming step S130.
- the second electrode forming step S130 may form the second electrode 12 on the surface of the non-conductor layer 142 under a reduced pressure environment. In this case, fluctuations in the work function of the second electrode 12 can be suppressed. This makes it possible to further stabilize the power generation amount.
- the second electrode forming step S130 includes bringing the surface of the second electrode 12 provided on the second substrate 16 in advance and the surface of the non-conductor layer 142 into contact with each other. may contain.
- variations in the surface state of the second electrode 12 due to the surface state of the non-conductor layer 142 can be suppressed compared to the case where the second electrode 12 is formed directly on the surface of the non-conductor layer 142 . This makes it possible to increase the amount of power generation.
- the intermediate portion 14 is provided on the first electrode 11 and includes a solid non-conductor layer 142 and fine particles 141 dispersed and fixed in the non-conductor layer 142. may contain. That is, the non-conductor layer 142 suppresses movement of the fine particles 141 between the electrodes (the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12). In this case, it is possible to prevent the fine particles 141 from becoming unevenly distributed on one electrode side over time and reducing the amount of movement of electrons. This makes it possible to stabilize the power generation amount.
- the intermediate portion 14 may be provided on the first electrode 11 and include a solid non-conductor layer 142 .
- the second electrode 12 may be provided on the non-conductor layer 142 and have a work function different from that of the first electrode 11 .
- the intermediate portion 14 includes a plurality of locking portions 143 that support the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, as shown in FIG. 8, for example.
- the engaging portion 143 may be, for example, spherical, or may have a columnar shape or the like, depending on the application.
- An insulating material such as a metal oxide is used as the locking portion 143 .
- Materials such as zirconia (ZrO 2 ), titania (TiO 2 ), silica (SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), and iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 5 ) are used for the locking portion 143 . Used.
- the locking portion 143 has a size equivalent to, for example, the value of the gap G described above.
- the locking portion 143 has a size equivalent to the thickness of the non-conductor layer 142 described above, for example.
- the locking portion 143 is, for example, spherical with a larger median diameter than the fine particles 141 .
- a non-conducting material in which fine particles 141 and a plurality of locking portions 143 are mixed is applied to the surface of the first electrode 11 or the like.
- a non-conductive material containing fine particles 141 may be applied.
- the intermediate portion 14 includes a plurality of locking portions 143 that support the first electrodes 11 and the second electrodes 12 . Therefore, it is possible to suppress variations in the gap caused by the non-conductor layer 142 . This makes it possible to further increase the amount of power generation.
- the locking portion 143 is spherical with a larger median diameter than the fine particles 141 . Therefore, the contact area between the locking portion 143 and the electrodes 11 and 12 can be minimized. This makes it possible to suppress a decrease in the amount of power generated due to the arrangement of the locking portion 143 .
- the power generation element 1 and the power generation device 100 described above can be mounted on, for example, an electronic device. Some embodiments of the electronic device are described below.
- FIGS. 9(a) to 9(d) are schematic block diagrams showing an example of an electronic device 500 including the power generation element 1.
- FIG. 9(e) to 9(h) are schematic block diagrams showing an example of an electronic device 500 having a power generation device 100 including the power generation element 1.
- an electronic device 500 (electric product) includes an electronic component 501 (electronic component), a main power supply 502, and an auxiliary power supply 503.
- Each of the electronic device 500 and the electronic component 501 is an electrical device.
- the electronic component 501 is driven using the main power supply 502 as a power supply.
- Examples of the electronic component 501 include, for example, a CPU, motors, sensor terminals, lighting, and the like. If electronic component 501 is, for example, a CPU, electronic device 500 includes an electronic device that can be controlled by a built-in master (CPU). If the electronic components 501 include at least one of, for example, motors, sensor terminals, and lighting, the electronic device 500 includes electronic devices that can be controlled by an external master or person.
- the main power supply 502 is, for example, a battery. Batteries also include rechargeable batteries. A plus terminal (+) of the main power supply 502 is electrically connected to a Vcc terminal (Vcc) of the electronic component 501 . A negative terminal ( ⁇ ) of the main power supply 502 is electrically connected to a GND terminal (GND) of the electronic component 501 .
- Vcc Vcc terminal
- GND GND terminal
- the auxiliary power supply 503 is the power generation element 1.
- the power generation element 1 includes at least one power generation element 1 described above.
- the auxiliary power supply 503 is used, for example, together with the main power supply 502, and is used as a power supply for assisting the main power supply 502 or as a power supply for backing up the main power supply 502 when the capacity of the main power supply 502 runs out. be able to. If the main power source 502 is a rechargeable battery, the auxiliary power source 503 can also be used as a power source for charging the battery.
- the main power source 502 may be the power generation element 1.
- An electronic device 500 shown in FIG. 9B includes a power generation element 1 used as a main power supply 502 and an electronic component 501 that can be driven using the power generation element 1 .
- the power generation element 1 is an independent power supply (for example, an off-grid power supply). Therefore, the electronic device 500 can be, for example, an independent type (standalone type).
- the power generating element 1 is of the energy harvesting type.
- the electronic device 500 shown in FIG. 9B does not require battery replacement.
- the electronic component 501 may include the power generation element 1 as shown in FIG. 9(c).
- the anode of the power generation element 1 is electrically connected to, for example, a GND wiring of a circuit board (not shown).
- the cathode of the power generation element 1 is electrically connected to, for example, Vcc wiring of a circuit board (not shown).
- the power generating element 1 can be used as, for example, an auxiliary power source 503 for the electronic component 501 .
- the power generation element 1 can be used as the main power source 502 of the electronic component 501, for example.
- the electronic device 500 may include the power generator 100.
- the power generation device 100 includes a power generation element 1 as a source of electrical energy.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 9(d) comprises a power generation element 1 in which an electronic component 501 is used as a main power supply 502.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 9(h) comprises a generator 100 in which an electronic component 501 is used as the main power source.
- electronic component 501 has an independent power supply. Therefore, the electronic component 501 can be made self-supporting, for example. Free-standing electronic component 501 can be effectively used, for example, in an electronic device that includes multiple electronic components and in which at least one electronic component is separate from another electronic component.
- An example of such electronics 500 is a sensor.
- the sensor has a sensor terminal (slave) and a controller (master) remote from the sensor terminal.
- Each of the sensor terminals and controller is an electronic component 501 .
- a sensor terminal can also be regarded as one of the electronic devices 500 .
- the sensor terminals considered electronic device 500 further include, in addition to sensor terminals of sensors, for example, IoT wireless tags and the like.
- the electronic device 500 includes a power generation element 1 that converts thermal energy into electrical energy, and uses the power generation element 1 as a power source. and an electronic component 501 that can be driven.
- the electronic device 500 may be an autonomous type with an independent power supply.
- autonomous electronic devices include, for example, robots.
- the electronic component 501 with the power generation element 1 or the power generation device 100 may be autonomous with an independent power supply.
- autonomous electronic components include, for example, movable sensor terminals.
- Reference Signs List 1 power generation element 11: first electrode 12: second electrode 14: intermediate portion 15: first substrate 16: second substrate 17: sealing material 100: power generation device 101: first wiring 102: second wiring 140: space 141: fine particle 141a: coating 142: non-conductor layer 142s: solvent 143: locking portion 500: electronic device 501: electronic component 502: main power supply 503: auxiliary power supply G: gap R: load S100: element forming step S110: first Electrode forming step S120: Intermediate portion forming step S130: Second electrode forming step S140: Sealing material forming step Z: First direction X: Second direction Y: Third direction
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施形態における発電素子1、及び発電装置100の一例を示す模式図である。図1(a)は、本実施形態における発電素子1、及び発電装置100の一例を示す模式断面図であり、図1(b)は、図1(a)におけるA-Aに沿った模式断面図である。
図1(a)に示すように、発電装置100は、発電素子1と、第1配線101と、第2配線102とを備える。発電素子1は、熱エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する。このような発電素子1を備えた発電装置100は、例えば、図示せぬ熱源に搭載又は設置され、熱源の熱エネルギーを元として、発電素子1から発生した電気エネルギーを、第1配線101及び第2配線102を介して負荷Rへ出力する。負荷Rの一端は第1配線101と電気的に接続され、他端は第2配線102と電気的に接続される。負荷Rは、例えば電気的な機器を示す。負荷Rは、例えば発電装置100を主電源又は補助電源に用いて駆動される。
発電素子1は、例えば、上記人工熱源が発した熱エネルギー、又は上記自然熱源が持つ熱エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換し、電流を生成する。発電素子1は、発電装置100内に設けるだけでなく、発電素子1自体を、上記モバイル機器や上記自立型センサ端末等の内部に設けることもできる。この場合、発電素子1自体が、上記モバイル機器又は上記自立型センサ端末等の、電池の代替部品又は補助部品となり得る。
第1電極11及び第2電極12は、例えば図1(a)に示すように、第1方向Zに離間する。各電極11、12は、例えば第2方向X及び第3方向Yに延在し、複数設けられてもよい。例えば1つの第2電極12は、複数の第1電極11とそれぞれ異なる位置で対向して設けられてもよい。また、例えば1つの第1電極11は、複数の第2電極12とそれぞれ異なる位置で対向して設けられてもよい。
中間部14は、例えば微粒子141と、不導体層142とを含む。不導体層142は、微粒子141を内包し、第1電極11及び第2電極12を支持する。この場合、不導体層142により、ギャップGにおける微粒子141の移動が抑制される。このため、経時に伴い微粒子141が一方の電極11、12側に偏在し、電子の移動量が減少することを抑制することができる。これにより、発電量の安定化を図ることが可能となる。
第1基板15及び第2基板16は、例えば図1(a)に示すように、各電極11、12及び中間部14を挟み、第1方向Zに離間して設けられる。第1基板15は、例えば第1電極11と接し、第2電極12と離間する。第1基板15は、第1電極11を固定する。第2基板16は、第2電極12と接し、第1電極11と離間する。第2基板16は、第2電極12を固定する。
例えば、熱エネルギーが発電素子1に与えられると、第1電極11と第2電極12との間に電流が発生し、熱エネルギーが電気エネルギーに変換される。第1電極11と第2電極12との間に発生する電流量は、熱エネルギーに依存する他、第2電極12の仕事関数と、第1電極11の仕事関数との差に依存する。
次に、本実施形態における発電素子1の製造方法の一例を説明する。図3は、本実施形態における発電素子1の製造方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。
素子形成工程S100は、第1電極11、中間部14、及び第2電極12をそれぞれ形成する。素子形成工程S100は、例えば第1電極11、中間部14、及び第2電極12をそれぞれ複数積層してもよい。素子形成工程S100では、例えば公知の形成技術を用いて、第1電極11、中間部14、及び第2電極12をそれぞれ形成する。素子形成工程S100は、例えば第1電極形成工程S110と、中間部形成工程S120と、第2電極形成工程S130とを含む。なお、各工程S110、S120、S130を実施する順番は、任意である。
第1電極形成工程S110は、第1電極11を形成する。第1電極形成工程S110は、例えば図4(a)に示すように、第1基板15の上に第1電極11を形成する。第1電極11は、例えば減圧環境下におけるスパッタリング法又は真空蒸着法により形成されるほか、公知の電極形成技術を用いて形成される。なお、第1電極形成工程S110では、例えば第1基板15の代わりに、延伸された電極材料を任意の大きさに加工することで、第1電極11を形成してもよい。この場合、第1基板15を用いなくてもよい。
中間部形成工程S120は、例えば図4(b)に示すように、第1電極11の上に、不導体層142を含む中間部14を形成する。中間部形成工程S120は、例えば微粒子141を内包した不導体材料を、第1電極11の表面等に塗布し、不導体材料を硬化させることで不導体層142を形成する。これにより、微粒子141を内包した不導体層142を含む中間部14が形成される。
第2電極形成工程S130は、例えば図4(c)に示すように、不導体層142の上に、第2電極12を形成する。第2電極12は、例えば第1電極11よりも低い仕事関数を有する材料を用いて形成される。第2電極12は、例えばナノインプリンティング法等の公知の電極形成技術を用いて形成される。
例えば第2電極形成工程S130のあと、封止材形成工程S140を実施してもよい。封止材形成工程S140は、例えば図4(d)に示すように、第1電極11、中間部14、及び第2電極12の少なくとも何れかと接する封止材17を形成する。封止材17は、ナノインプリンティング法等の公知の技術を用いて形成される。
次に、第2実施形態における発電素子1の一例について説明する。上述した実施形態と、本実施形態との違いは、中間部14が係止部143を含む点である。なお、上述した構成と同様の内容については、説明を省略する。
次に、第2実施形態における発電素子1の製造方法の一例について説明する。上述した実施形態と、本実施形態との違いは、中間部形成工程S120において、係止部143を形成する点である。なお、上述した構成と同様の内容については、説明を省略する。
<電子機器500>
上述した発電素子1及び発電装置100は、例えば電子機器に搭載することが可能である。以下、電子機器の実施形態のいくつかを説明する。
11 :第1電極
12 :第2電極
14 :中間部
15 :第1基板
16 :第2基板
17 :封止材
100 :発電装置
101 :第1配線
102 :第2配線
140 :空間
141 :微粒子
141a :被膜
142 :不導体層
142s :溶媒
143 :係止部
500 :電子機器
501 :電子部品
502 :主電源
503 :補助電源
G :ギャップ
R :負荷
S100 :素子形成工程
S110 :第1電極形成工程
S120 :中間部形成工程
S130 :第2電極形成工程
S140 :封止材形成工程
Z :第1方向
X :第2方向
Y :第3方向
Claims (11)
- 熱エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する際、電極間の温度差を不要とする発電素子であって、
第1電極と、
前記第1電極の上に設けられ、ペロブスカイト構造を示す微粒子を含む中間部と、
前記中間部の上に設けられ、前記第1電極とは異なる仕事関数を有する第2電極と、
を備えること
を特徴とする発電素子。 - 前記微粒子は、チタン及びジルコニウムの少なくとも何れかを含有すること
を特徴とする請求項1記載の発電素子。 - 前記微粒子は、チタン酸バリウム、チタン酸ストロンチウム、チタン酸カルシウム、チタン酸鉛、チタン酸錫、チタン酸カドミウム、及びジルコン酸ストロンチウムの少なくとも何れかを含有すること
を特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の発電素子。 - 前記中間部は、前記微粒子を内包し、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極を支持する不導体層を含むこと
を特徴とする請求項1~3のうち何れか1項記載の発電素子。 - 前記不導体層は、親水性を有する材料を含むこと
を特徴とする請求項4記載の発電素子。 - 前記不導体層は、有機高分子化合物を含むこと
を特徴とする請求項5記載の発電素子。 - 前記中間部は、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極を支持する複数の係止部を含むこと
を特徴とする請求項4~6の何れか1項記載の発電素子。 - 前記係止部は、前記微粒子よりも大きい中央径を有する球状であること
を特徴とする請求項7記載の発電素子。 - 熱エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する際、電極間の温度差を不要とする発電素子の製造方法であって、
第1電極、
ペロブスカイト構造を示す微粒子を含む中間部、及び
前記第1電極とは異なる仕事関数を有する第2電極、
をそれぞれ形成する素子形成工程を備えること
を特徴とする発電素子の製造方法。 - 請求項1記載の発電素子と、
前記第1電極と電気的に接続された第1配線と、
前記第2電極と電気的に接続された第2配線と、
を備えること
を特徴とする発電装置。 - 請求項1記載の発電素子と、
前記発電素子を電源に用いて駆動する電子部品と
を備えること
を特徴とする電子機器。
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JP2010225719A (ja) * | 2009-03-23 | 2010-10-07 | Ishikawa Prefecture | 熱電変換素子、熱電変換モジュール、及び製造方法 |
WO2017142074A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-19 | 2017-08-24 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 固体接合型光電変換素子、及びその製造方法 |
JP2019179845A (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-17 | 株式会社Nbcメッシュテック | 熱電変換素子及び熱電変換素子の製造方法 |
JP6781437B1 (ja) | 2019-07-19 | 2020-11-04 | 株式会社Gceインスティチュート | 発電素子、及び発電素子の製造方法 |
JP6828939B1 (ja) * | 2020-10-02 | 2021-02-10 | 株式会社Gceインスティチュート | 発電素子、発電装置、電子機器、及び発電方法 |
JP2021077803A (ja) * | 2019-11-12 | 2021-05-20 | 株式会社Gceインスティチュート | 電極の仕事関数の制御方法、発電素子及び発電素子の製造方法 |
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JP2010225719A (ja) * | 2009-03-23 | 2010-10-07 | Ishikawa Prefecture | 熱電変換素子、熱電変換モジュール、及び製造方法 |
WO2017142074A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-19 | 2017-08-24 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 固体接合型光電変換素子、及びその製造方法 |
JP2019179845A (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-17 | 株式会社Nbcメッシュテック | 熱電変換素子及び熱電変換素子の製造方法 |
JP6781437B1 (ja) | 2019-07-19 | 2020-11-04 | 株式会社Gceインスティチュート | 発電素子、及び発電素子の製造方法 |
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JP6828939B1 (ja) * | 2020-10-02 | 2021-02-10 | 株式会社Gceインスティチュート | 発電素子、発電装置、電子機器、及び発電方法 |
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