WO2023030624A1 - Verfahren und anlage zur verarbeitung von biologischem substrat - Google Patents
Verfahren und anlage zur verarbeitung von biologischem substrat Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023030624A1 WO2023030624A1 PCT/EP2021/074157 EP2021074157W WO2023030624A1 WO 2023030624 A1 WO2023030624 A1 WO 2023030624A1 EP 2021074157 W EP2021074157 W EP 2021074157W WO 2023030624 A1 WO2023030624 A1 WO 2023030624A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fermentation
- liquid
- dry
- fermentation residue
- digestate
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 192
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 192
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- YTAHJIFKAKIKAV-XNMGPUDCSA-N [(1R)-3-morpholin-4-yl-1-phenylpropyl] N-[(3S)-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]carbamate Chemical compound O=C1[C@H](N=C(C2=C(N1)C=CC=C2)C1=CC=CC=C1)NC(O[C@H](CCN1CCOCC1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O YTAHJIFKAKIKAV-XNMGPUDCSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011012 sanitization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005360 mashing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007483 microbial process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/60—Heating or cooling during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/40—Manifolds; Distribution pieces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/58—Reaction vessels connected in series or in parallel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/18—External loop; Means for reintroduction of fermented biomass or liquid percolate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/26—Conditioning fluids entering or exiting the reaction vessel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
- C12M41/16—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature by recirculation of culture medium at controlled temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/02—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by mechanical forces; Stirring; Trituration; Comminuting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
- C12M47/12—Purification
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a plant for processing biological substrate.
- Biogas plants produce methane through a microbial decomposition process of organic substances.
- the biogas is created in a multi-stage process of fermentation or digestion through the activity of anaerobic microorganisms, i.e. with the exclusion of atmospheric oxygen.
- anaerobic microorganisms i.e. with the exclusion of atmospheric oxygen.
- a distinction is made between dry and wet fermentation.
- fibrous, solid, biological substrates such as manure, green waste, organic waste from separate collection and organic fractions from residual waste are used.
- the biological substrates used in dry fermentation usually contain a water content of up to 70% and a dry matter content of more than 15%. The designation of the fermentation as "dry” therefore only serves to differentiate it from wet fermentation and should not be understood to mean that dry biomass is actually used.
- the biological substrate always contains solid impurities such as sand, stones, wood, glass or metal.
- Plug flow fermenters are often used to carry out dry fermentation.
- the fermentation in the plug flow fermenter leads to a breakdown of the fatty acids in the fermentation substrate as well as to a general breakdown of the organic dry matter present in the biowaste.
- Relatively long residence times (usually longer than 20 days) of the substrate in the plug-flow digester must be observed in order to ensure sufficient fermentation for maximizing the gas yield.
- the economic efficiency of the plant which is optimized by a high gas yield, is therefore reduced by the necessary high investment costs.
- an inoculum must be provided that contains enough microbiologically active organisms to enable the necessary microbial processes, i.e. the anaerobic degradation that takes place in the fermenter.
- this inoculum is a liquid fraction from the digestate that leaves the plug flow digester and is returned to the mashing of the biological substrate.
- the fermentation substrate In order to prevent possible over-acidification of the fermenter due to an excessive concentration of organic fatty acids in the material returned as inoculum, the fermentation substrate must be digested as far as possible, which also requires long residence times in the dry fermenter.
- the organic substrate is largely degraded, which has at least two negative effects on the course of the process.
- the solid part of the fermentation residue after dry fermentation is usually subjected to an aerobic treatment with the intentionally shortest possible residence time, namely composting or post-rotting, in order to achieve further reduction and stabilization as well as sanitation of the biowaste.
- a minimum temperature must be maintained during composting.
- this is only possible with difficulty in the case of biowaste that has largely decomposed and which only has a small amount of organic content, so that fresh biological material often has to be added for composting.
- Fresh substrate is therefore consumed, which has not previously undergone dry fermentation and therefore does not contribute to the methane yield of the plant, which reduces the profitability of the plant.
- a disadvantage of the extensive digestion is that towards the discharge of the plug flow fermenter, i.e. in an area in which the proportion of dry matter is becoming ever smaller, more and more inert, non-degradable substances such as bones or metals are deposited.
- Such a deposit takes place because the carrying capacity of the fermenter suspension for inert substances decreases more and more due to the extensive fermentation.
- the deposits can lead to increased wear and even failure of the fermenter's stirring technology.
- a dry fermentation plant is described, for example, in DE 10 2013 213 258 A1.
- a liquid percolate is produced, which is collected in a percolate tank.
- the percolate is returned to the dry fermentation as an inoculum.
- the liquid fermentation residue is applied as fertilizer from the percolate tank.
- Dry digesters are also used in combination with wet digesters, in which substrates with a dry matter content of less than 15% are used. In such plants, the fermentation residues obtained from the dry fermentation are fed to the wet fermenter as a substrate.
- WO 2019/086649 A1 describes a ring-shaped plug flow fermenter which encloses a wet fermenter. The digestate is fed from the outlet of the plug flow digester into the wet digester as substrate.
- WO 2019/086649 A1 thus discloses a method for processing biological substrate with the steps a) introducing the biological substrate into a device for dry fermentation, b) carrying out a dry fermentation to obtain methane with the formation of a digestate, c) introducing the in step b) the fermentation residue obtained in a device for wet fermentation, d) carrying out a wet fermentation to obtain methane with the formation of a liquid fermentation residue.
- the object of the invention is to provide an economically optimized method for processing biological substrate, which delivers an increased yield of methane with an increased throughput of substrate per time.
- the present invention provides a method for processing biological substrate, comprising the following steps: a) introducing the biological substrate into a device for dry fermentation, b) carrying out a dry fermentation to obtain methane with the formation of a digestate, c) transferring the digestate obtained in step b) into a device for solid/liquid separation, d) carrying out a solid/liquid separation of the fermentation residue to form a fermentation residue solid phase and a fermentation residue liquid raw phase, e) transferring the fermentation residue liquid raw phase obtained in step d) into a device for separating solids, f) carrying out a separation of solids from the fermentation residue liquid raw phase to obtain a fermentation residue liquid phase, g) introducing the liquid fermentation residue obtained in step f) into a device for wet fermentation, h) carrying out a wet fermentation to obtain methane with the formation of a liquid fermentation residue, i) returning at least part of the liquid fermentation residue formed in step h) as an inoculum to the device for Dry Ferme ntation
- the particular advantage of the method according to the invention lies in the reduction in the residence time of the substrate in the dry fermentation by at least 20% and up to 40%.
- the method according to the invention is suitable both for the expansion of an existing plant and for the construction of a new plant.
- the wet fermenter of a suitable size usually has to be added to the existing dry fermentation plant.
- an approximately equal percentage of throughput of biological substrate per time can be achieved with the same size fermenter, so that a small plant achieves a larger total gas production.
- a smaller-sized dry digester can be built for the same amount of waste, thus saving costs.
- the possibility is also created of having a higher proportion of organic material than in conventional systems after carrying out a Solid/liquid separation of the fermentation residue from the dry fermentation as a fermentation residue solid phase to a downstream composting process.
- the composting process largely does not require the addition of fresh organic waste.
- the composting can be operated at a sufficiently high temperature and thus good hygienization and extensive water reduction, so that the composted material then meets the specifications of the Quality Association for Compost.
- one disadvantage of extensive decomposition of the substrate in the dry fermenter is that towards the discharge of the fermenter, i.e. in an area where the dry matter content is decreasing, more and more inert, non-degradable substances such as bones or metals are deposited.
- Such a deposit takes place because the carrying capacity of the fermenter suspension for inert substances decreases more and more due to the extensive fermentation.
- the deposits can lead to increased wear and even failure of the fermenter's stirring technology.
- the reduction in the residence time of the substrate in the dry fermenter and the resulting lower degradation of organic material result in a higher proportion of organic matter and, associated with this, a higher capacity of the fermenter suspension for inert impurities.
- the problem of depositing these impurities towards the discharge of the fermenter is therefore less relevant because there is a reduction in deposits in the dry fermenter.
- the fermentation residue is first transferred to a device for solid/liquid separation, a solid/liquid separation of the fermentation residue is carried out to form a fermentation residue solid phase and a fermentation residue liquid raw phase, and then a further separation step is carried out.
- the raw digestate liquid phase is transferred to a device for separating solids, and in this device solids are separated from the raw digestate liquid phase to obtain a liquid digestate phase.
- This liquid fermentation residue phase is essentially free of impurities and can subsequently be introduced into a device for wet fermentation as a substrate.
- an inoculum must be provided for dry fermentation that contains enough microbiologically active organisms to enable the necessary microbial processes, i.e. the anaerobic degradation that takes place in the fermenter.
- a liquid fraction from the digestate is used as the inoculum used in dry fermentation and returned to the mashing of the biological substrate. Due to the reduced residence time of the substrate in the dry fermentation provided according to the present invention, the fermentation residue leaving the dry fermenter is not sufficiently digested and therefore has a too high concentration of organic fatty acids. If used as an inoculum, the fermenter would become acidic.
- a wet fermentation for the production of methane is carried out downstream of the dry fermentation.
- the methane production takes place with the formation of a liquid digestate.
- the material fed into the wet fermentation is sufficiently digested in such a way that the liquid fermentation residue can be fed into the dry fermentation process as an inoculum without the risk of over-acidification.
- it is therefore provided that at least part of the liquid fermentation residue formed during the wet fermentation is returned to the device for the dry fermentation as an inoculum.
- the dry fermenter and the wet fermenter are used together for processing the biological substrate, as a result of which particularly high gas yields are achieved.
- the gas yields increase sharply, since with the combination of dry and wet fermentation the starting material is completely digested or hygienized in the method according to the invention, but due to the shorter residence time in the dry fermenter compared to conventional systems, more fermentation substrate can be introduced.
- Step i) is preferably carried out as step i) returning a first portion of the liquid fermentation residue formed in step h) as an inoculum to the device for dry fermentation and transferring a second portion of the liquid fermentation residue formed in step h) to a device for hygienization and after step i ) step j) hygienization of the second portion of the liquid fermentation residue formed in step h) to form an agriculturally usable biological material.
- excess material from the wet fermentation which is not returned to the device for dry fermentation as inoculum, can be used as agricultural fertilizer on agricultural land after sanitization. As a rule, they are brought into agriculture after the agriculturally usable biological material has been temporarily stored.
- the hygienization in step j) particularly preferably takes place at a temperature between 65°C and 75°C, particularly preferably at a temperature of 70°C. Also preferably, in step j) the hygienization takes place with a residence time of the liquid fermentation residue of between 45 minutes and 75 minutes, particularly preferably with a residence time of 60 minutes. At the preferred temperatures and residence times mentioned, a particularly optimal hygienization is achieved, as a result of which all in step h) formed liquid fermentation residue that is not returned to the device for dry fermentation as inoculum can be used as agricultural fertilizer on agricultural land.
- the steps do) transferring the fermentation residue obtained in step d) into a device for composting biological material and di) carrying out a composting of the fermentation residue obtained in step d) in the device for Composting of biological material carried out.
- the composting in step di) particularly preferably takes place without admixing additional, untreated biological substrate. Due to the shortened residence time in the dry fermenter, a higher proportion of organic material than in conventional systems can be fed to a downstream composting process after solid/liquid separation of the digestate from the dry fermentation as a digestate solid phase. This rotting process usually does not require any addition of fresh organic waste.
- Solids are preferably separated from the crude digestate liquid phase obtained by the solid/liquid separation of the digestate in step f) by density separation to obtain a liquid digestate phase.
- the density separation is particularly preferably carried out using a press, a grit separator, a decanter, a sieve or a settling tank.
- the fermentation residue liquid phase introduced into the device for wet fermentation in step g) has a dry matter content of less than 15%. With a dry matter content of less than 15%, wet fermentation proceeds with a particularly high yield of methane.
- the wet fermentation carried out in step h) preferably takes place with admixture of additional biological substrate. If the wet fermenter is dimensioned accordingly, additional external liquid input streams can also be processed and then used. This results in a broader and more flexible use of the entire fermentation plant from dry and wet fermentation.
- the additional biological substrate mixed in in step h) is preferably liquid manure, food waste, leftover food, market waste or mixtures of these substrates.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to shorten the residence time of the biological substrate in the device for dry fermentation in comparison to conventional systems and methods.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention provides, in step b), to carry out the dry fermentation for the production of methane with a residence time of the biological substrate in the device for dry fermentation of 10 to 19 days, particularly preferably with a residence time of 12 to 17 days.
- the solids separated from the crude fermentation residue liquid phase in step f) are usually stones, sand, glass and/or pieces of metal.
- the biological substrate introduced into the device for dry fermentation in step a) preferably has a dry matter content of between 15% and 60%, particularly preferably between 25% and 50%. Particularly high gas yields are achieved when using biological substrates with the stated proportions of dry matter.
- the present invention also includes a plant for processing biological substrate comprising at least one device for dry fermentation, at least one device for solid/liquid separation, at least one device for separating solids, at least one device for wet fermentation and at least one device for recycling Liquid digestate as inoculum in the device for dry fermentation.
- a device for sanitizing liquid digestate is preferably additionally provided.
- at least part of the liquid fermentation residue produced during wet fermentation is returned to the dry fermenter as an inoculum.
- a device for sanitizing liquid fermentation residue is provided, with the aid of which the excess liquid fermentation residue can be sanitized.
- all the liquid digestate formed during the wet fermentation which is not returned to the device for the dry fermentation as inoculum, can be used as agricultural fertilizer on agricultural land.
- the device for dry fermentation is preferably a plug flow fermenter.
- a plug flow fermenter enables continuous processing of substrates by dry fermentation.
- the substrate is conveyed as a "plug" through the horizontal fermenter by means of large hydraulic piston pumps.
- the device for solid/liquid separation is a press screw separator.
- a solid/liquid separation of the digestate is carried out, forming a solid digestate phase enriched with solids and a crude liquid digestate phase depleted of solids. This separates the coarse solids contained in the fermentation residues, such as plant fibers or husks.
- the press screw separator conveys the digestate to be dewatered in a cylindrical screening drum by means of a screw against the weighted discharge flaps.
- the coarse-grained digestate components are pressed out at the outlet flaps and form a solid cake there.
- the liquid passes through the gaps in the screen drum into the shell space and runs off there.
- the raw fermentation residue liquid phase preferably reaches a collection container by gravity. This is preferably used as a storage container for the subsequent process step.
- the digestate solid phase falls out at the discharge flap and is preferably transferred to a device for composting biological material.
- the system for processing biological substrate additionally has a device for composting biological material.
- the device for composting biological material is particularly preferably post-composting.
- the compost formed in the device for composting biological material can be taken to fields or dried further and/or used in some other way after a fine treatment process in which fine particles ⁇ 15 mm, preferably ⁇ 11 mm, are used.
- the device for separating solids is preferably a press, a grit separator, a decanter, a sieve or a settling basin. These devices are particularly well suited to separating the impurities often contained in the biological substrate, such as stones, sand, glass and/or pieces of metal.
- FIG. 1 uses a flow chart to show the sequence of the method according to the invention for processing biological substrate. All process steps shown with solid lines are part of the process according to the invention. The method steps drawn in dashed lines are preferred embodiments.
- step a) the biological substrate is introduced into a device for dry fermentation.
- the device for dry fermentation is preferably a plug flow fermenter.
- Step b) of the method according to the invention consists in carrying out a dry fermentation in the device for dry fermentation, with methane being obtained with the formation of a digestate.
- step c) the fermentation residue obtained in step b) is transferred to a device for solid/liquid separation.
- This device for solid/liquid separation is preferably a press screw separator.
- a solid/liquid separation of the digestate is carried out in step d) to form a digestate solid phase and a digestate liquid raw phase.
- the digestate obtained in step b) from the dry fermentation is thus divided into a digestate solid phase and a digestate liquid raw phase.
- the digestate solid phase obtained in step d) is transferred in step do) to a device for composting biological material and in step di) a composting of the obtained in step d).
- This composition in step di) is preferably carried out without admixing additional, untreated biological substrate.
- the shortened residence time of the substrate in the dry fermenter means that, compared to conventional systems, a higher proportion of organic material can be fed to a downstream composting process as a solid phase of the digestate after a solid/liquid separation of the digestate from the dry fermentation.
- This rotting process usually does not require the addition of fresh organic waste. Nevertheless, a composting with a sufficiently high temperature and thus good hygienization and extensive water reduction is achieved, so that the composted material then meets the specifications of the compost quality association.
- step e) of the method according to the invention the crude fermentation residue liquid phase obtained in step d) is transferred to a device for separating solids.
- the device for separating solids is preferably a press, a grit separator, a decanter, a sieve or a settling tank.
- a separation of solids from the crude fermentation residue liquid phase is then carried out in step f) to obtain a liquid fermentation residue phase.
- step g) of the method according to the invention the fermentation residue liquid phase obtained in step f) is introduced into a device for wet fermentation.
- step h) a wet fermentation for the production of methane is carried out in the wet fermenter with the formation of a liquid digestate.
- step i) at least part of the liquid fermentation residue formed in step h) is returned to the device for dry fermentation as an inoculum.
- step i) is preferably carried out as step i) returning a first portion of the liquid fermentation residue formed in step h) as an inoculum to the device for dry fermentation and transferring a second portion of the liquid fermentation residue formed in step h) to a device for hygienization and after step i), step j) hygienization of the second portion of the liquid fermentation residue formed in step h) to form an agriculturally usable biological material carried out.
- step j) hygienization of the second portion of the liquid fermentation residue formed in step h) to form an agriculturally usable biological material carried out.
- the hygienization in step j) preferably takes place at a temperature of 70° C. with a residence time of the liquid fermentation residue of 60 min. Under these conditions, a particularly optimal hygienization is achieved, whereby all liquid fermentation residue formed in step h) that does not enter the device as an inoculum is returned to dry fermentation as agricultural manure can be used on agricultural land.
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PCT/EP2021/074157 WO2023030624A1 (de) | 2021-09-01 | 2021-09-01 | Verfahren und anlage zur verarbeitung von biologischem substrat |
EP21773030.8A EP4396326A1 (de) | 2021-09-01 | 2021-09-01 | Verfahren und anlage zur verarbeitung von biologischem substrat |
CA3229561A CA3229561A1 (en) | 2021-09-01 | 2021-09-01 | Method and plant for processing biological substrate |
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DE102006008026A1 (de) * | 2006-02-16 | 2007-08-23 | Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Bornim e.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Verflüssigung organischer Feststoffe |
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DE102009035875A1 (de) * | 2009-08-03 | 2011-02-24 | Dge Dr.-Ing. Günther Engineering Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bio- oder Klärgas |
DE102009059947A1 (de) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-30 | BIONIK GmbH - Innovative Technik für die Umwelt, 65232 | Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Gasausbeute in einer Gärvorrichtung, insbesondere einer Biogasanlage oder einem Fermenter, sowie Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines solchen Verfahrens |
DE102013006717A1 (de) * | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-23 | Wabio Technologie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Methanfermentation und Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE102013213258A1 (de) | 2013-07-05 | 2015-01-29 | Bekon Holding Ag | Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines flüssigen Düngemittels und eine Biogasanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE202015104848U1 (de) * | 2015-09-11 | 2016-12-14 | pro agri gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Biogas |
CN107118946A (zh) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-09-01 | 商丘师范学院 | 干‑湿偶联的沼气发生器及其操作方法 |
DE102017010229A1 (de) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-09 | Michael Niederbacher | Pfropfenstrom-Fermenter einer Biogasanlage |
-
2021
- 2021-09-01 EP EP21773030.8A patent/EP4396326A1/de active Pending
- 2021-09-01 CA CA3229561A patent/CA3229561A1/en active Pending
- 2021-09-01 WO PCT/EP2021/074157 patent/WO2023030624A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (10)
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DE102006008026A1 (de) * | 2006-02-16 | 2007-08-23 | Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Bornim e.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Verflüssigung organischer Feststoffe |
DE202007017698U1 (de) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-04-23 | Agraferm Technologies Ag | Vorrichtung zur Umwandlung von bei der Ethanolproduktion als Abfallprodukt anfallender Fermentationsbrühe in Biogas |
DE102009035875A1 (de) * | 2009-08-03 | 2011-02-24 | Dge Dr.-Ing. Günther Engineering Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bio- oder Klärgas |
DE102009059947A1 (de) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-30 | BIONIK GmbH - Innovative Technik für die Umwelt, 65232 | Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Gasausbeute in einer Gärvorrichtung, insbesondere einer Biogasanlage oder einem Fermenter, sowie Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines solchen Verfahrens |
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DE202015104848U1 (de) * | 2015-09-11 | 2016-12-14 | pro agri gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Biogas |
CN107118946A (zh) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-09-01 | 商丘师范学院 | 干‑湿偶联的沼气发生器及其操作方法 |
DE102017010229A1 (de) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-09 | Michael Niederbacher | Pfropfenstrom-Fermenter einer Biogasanlage |
WO2019086649A1 (de) | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-09 | Michael Niederbacher | Pfropfenstrom-fermenter einer biogasanlage |
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EP4396326A1 (de) | 2024-07-10 |
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