WO2023008082A1 - 故障予測システム、故障予測方法、及び故障予測プログラム - Google Patents
故障予測システム、故障予測方法、及び故障予測プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a failure prediction system, a failure prediction method, and a failure prediction program for predicting failures over time of inverters and motors mounted on electric vehicles.
- Electric vehicles are becoming popular, mainly for commercial vehicles such as delivery vehicles.
- EV driving data battery information, vehicle control information, etc.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a method of predicting the life of an IGBT of an inverter from the difference between the input power and the output power of the inverter.
- Patent Document 1 relates to an inverter that drives a crane motor.
- an inverter that drives a motor that rotates at high speed such as an EV
- the voltage and current of the three-phase sinusoidal alternating current between the inverter and the motor change rapidly. do.
- the input voltage, input current, output voltage, and output current of the inverter are calculated at high speed in order to ensure the correspondence between the input power and the output power of the inverter. Need to sample. In order to save the log data, high-speed access and large-capacity memory are required. The use of such high specification memory results in high cost.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of this situation, and its purpose is to provide a technique for predicting aged deterioration of an electromechanical conversion unit of an electric vehicle at low cost.
- a failure prediction system includes an acquisition unit that acquires travel data of an electric vehicle; a prediction unit that predicts age-related failures of the electromechanical conversion unit including the motor that drives the wheels and its drive circuit.
- the running data includes the input voltage of the drive circuit, the input current of the drive circuit, the number of revolutions of the motor driven by the drive circuit, and the rotational torque of the motor.
- the electric Predict aging failures of mechanical transducers.
- aging deterioration of an electromechanical conversion unit of an electric vehicle can be predicted at low cost.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a drive system for an electric vehicle
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a failure prediction system according to an embodiment
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a graph obtained by plotting a plurality of data indicating losses of an electromechanical transducer in a target period of an electric vehicle and linearly regressing the plotted data
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a graph obtained by plotting a plurality of data indicating loss of an electromechanical transducer in a reference period of the same electric vehicle and performing linear regression; It is the figure which showed typically the change of the inclination of a regression line.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a graph obtained by plotting a plurality of data indicating losses of an electromechanical transducer in a target period of an electric vehicle and linearly regressing the plotted data
- FIG. 7A is a diagram plotting a plurality of data showing the correspondence relationship between the speed of the electric vehicle and the input power of the inverter, which is generated from the travel data that forms the basis of the graph shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7B is a diagram plotting a plurality of data showing the correspondence relationship between the speed of the electric vehicle and the shaft output of the motor, which is generated from the travel data that forms the basis of the graph shown in FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the flow of processing for predicting a secular failure of an electromechanical converter by the failure prediction system according to the embodiment;
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an electric vehicle 3 according to the embodiment.
- the electric vehicle 3 is assumed to be a pure EV without an internal combustion engine.
- the electric vehicle 3 shown in FIG. 1 is a rear wheel drive (2WD) EV including a pair of front wheels 31F, a pair of rear wheels 31R, and a motor 34 as a power source.
- a pair of front wheels 31F are connected by a front wheel axle 32F
- a pair of rear wheels 31R are connected by a rear wheel axle 32R.
- the transmission 33 transmits the rotation of the motor 34 to the rear wheel shaft 32R at a predetermined conversion ratio.
- the electric vehicle 3 may be a front wheel drive (2WD) or a 4WD electric vehicle.
- the power supply system 40 includes a battery pack 41 and a management unit 42, and the battery pack 41 includes a plurality of cells. Lithium-ion battery cells, nickel-hydrogen battery cells, etc. can be used for the cells. Hereinafter, an example using a lithium-ion battery cell (nominal voltage: 3.6-3.7V) will be assumed in this specification.
- the management unit 42 monitors the voltage, temperature, current, SOC (STATE OF CHARGE), and SOH (STATE OF HEALTH) of a plurality of cells included in the battery pack 41, and transmits them to the vehicle control unit 30 via the in-vehicle network. . For example, CAN (CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK) or LIN (LOCAL INTERCONNECT NETWORK) can be used as an in-vehicle network.
- the inverter 35 is a drive circuit that drives the motor 34, and converts the DC power supplied from the battery pack 41 into AC power and supplies it to the motor 34 during power running. During regeneration, AC power supplied from the motor 34 is converted into DC power and supplied to the battery pack 41 . The motor 34 rotates according to the AC power supplied from the inverter 35 during power running. During regeneration, rotational energy due to deceleration is converted into AC power and supplied to the inverter 35 .
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the drive system of the electric vehicle 3. As shown in FIG. FIG. 2 shows an example in which a three-phase AC motor is used as the motor 34 that drives the electric vehicle 3 and the three-phase AC motor 34 is driven by a three-phase inverter 35 .
- the three-phase inverter 35 converts the DC power supplied from the battery pack 41 into three-phase AC power with a phase difference of 120 degrees, and drives the three-phase AC motor 34 .
- the inverter 35 has a first arm in which a first switching element Q1 and a second switching element Q2 are connected in series, a second arm in which a third switching element Q3 and a fourth switching element Q4 are connected in series, and a fifth switching element. It includes a third arm in which Q5 and a sixth switching element Q6 are connected in series, and the first to third arms are connected in parallel to battery pack 41 .
- IGBTs are used for the first switching element Q1 to the sixth switching element Q6.
- the first diode D1-sixth diode D6 are connected in anti-parallel to the first switching element Q1-sixth switching element Q6, respectively.
- MOSFETs are used for the first switching element Q1 to the sixth switching element Q6, parasitic diodes formed in the direction from the source to the drain are used as the first diode D1 to the sixth diode D6.
- the motor controller 36 detects the input DC voltage and input DC current of the inverter 35 detected by the input voltage/current sensor 381, the output AC voltage and output AC current of the inverter 35 detected by the output voltage/current sensor 382, the rotation speed/ The rotational speed and rotational torque of the three-phase AC motor 34 detected by the torque sensor 383 are obtained. Also, the motor controller 36 acquires an accelerator signal or a brake signal according to the driver's operation or generated by the automatic driving controller.
- the motor controller 36 Based on these input parameters, the motor controller 36 generates a PWM signal for driving the inverter 35 and outputs it to the gate driver 37.
- the gate driver 37 generates a drive signal for the first switching element Q1 to the sixth switching element Q6 based on the PWM signal and the predetermined carrier wave input from the motor controller 36, and drives the first switching element Q1 to the sixth switching element. Input to the gate terminal of Q6.
- the motor controller 36 transmits the input DC voltage of the inverter 35, the input DC current of the inverter 35, the rotation speed of the motor 34, and the rotation torque of the motor 34 to the vehicle control unit 30 via the in-vehicle network.
- the vehicle control unit 30 is a vehicle ECU (electronic control unit) that controls the entire electric vehicle 3, and may be composed of, for example, an integrated VCM (vehicle control module).
- VCM vehicle control module
- the vehicle speed sensor 385 generates a pulse signal proportional to the number of revolutions of the front wheel shaft 32F or the rear wheel shaft 32R, and transmits the generated pulse signal to the vehicle control unit 30.
- the vehicle control unit 30 detects the speed of the electric vehicle 3 based on the pulse signal received from the vehicle speed sensor 385 .
- the wireless communication unit 39 performs signal processing for wireless connection to the network via the antenna 39A.
- Wireless communication networks to which the electric vehicle 3 can be wirelessly connected include, for example, a mobile phone network (cellular network), wireless LAN, V2I (VEHICLE-TO-INFRASTRUCTURE), V2V (VEHICLE-TO-VEHICLE), ETC system (ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION SYSTEM), DSRC (DEDICATED SHORT RANGE COMMUNICATIONS) can be used.
- the vehicle control unit 30 can use the wireless communication unit 39 to transmit the running data to the cloud server for data accumulation or the company's own server in real time.
- the traveling data includes the vehicle speed of the electric vehicle 3, the voltage, current, temperature, SOC, and SOH of the plurality of cells included in the battery pack 41, the input DC voltage and input DC current of the inverter 35, the rotation speed of the motor 34, and the rotation torque. is included.
- the vehicle control unit 30 periodically (for example, at intervals of 10 seconds) samples these data and transmits them to the cloud server or our own server each time.
- the vehicle control unit 30 may store the travel data of the electric vehicle 3 in an internal memory, and collectively transmit the travel data accumulated in the memory at a predetermined timing. For example, the vehicle control unit 30 may collectively transmit the traveling data accumulated in the memory to the terminal device of the sales office after the end of business for the day. The terminal device at the sales office transmits travel data of the plurality of electric vehicles 3 to the cloud server or the company's own server at a predetermined timing.
- the vehicle control unit 30 may collectively transmit travel data accumulated in the memory to the charger via the charging cable when charging from a charger having a network communication function.
- the charger transmits the received travel data to the cloud server or its own server. This example is effective for the electric vehicle 3 that does not have a wireless communication function.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the failure prediction system 10 according to the embodiment.
- the failure prediction system 10 is constructed with one or more servers.
- the failure prediction system 10 may be constructed with one in-house server installed in a data center or in-house facility.
- the failure prediction system 10 may be constructed with a cloud server that is used based on a cloud service.
- the failure prediction system 10 may be constructed by a plurality of in-house servers distributed and installed in a plurality of bases (data centers, in-house facilities).
- the failure prediction system 10 may be constructed by combining a cloud server used based on a cloud service and an in-house server.
- the failure prediction system 10 may be constructed with a plurality of cloud servers based on contracts with a plurality of cloud service providers.
- the failure prediction system 10 includes a processing unit 11 and a storage unit 12.
- the processing unit 11 includes a travel data acquisition unit 111 , a prediction unit 112 and a notification unit 113 .
- the functions of the processing unit 11 can be realized by cooperation of hardware resources and software resources, or only by hardware resources.
- hardware resources CPU, ROM, RAM, GPU (GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT), ASIC (APPLICATION SPECIFIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT), FPGA (FIELD PROGRAM MABLE GATE ARRAY), and other LSIs can be used.
- Programs such as operating systems and applications can be used as software resources.
- the storage unit 12 includes a travel data holding unit 121.
- the storage unit 12 includes non-volatile recording media such as HDD (HARD DISK DRIVE) and SSD (SOLID STATE DRIVE), and stores various data.
- HDD HARD DISK DRIVE
- SSD SOLID STATE DRIVE
- the travel data acquisition unit 111 acquires the travel data of the electric vehicle 3 via the network, and stores the acquired travel data in the travel data storage unit 121 .
- the prediction unit 112 reads the running data of the target electric vehicle 3 for a certain period (for example, one month) stored in the running data holding unit 121, and uses the inverter 35 and the motor 34 ( Hereinafter, both of them will be collectively referred to as an electromechanical converter). A specific description will be given below.
- the prediction unit 112 calculates the input power EP of the inverter 35 at each sample time based on the input DC voltage V [V] and the input DC current I [A] of the inverter 35 at each sample time, which are included in the read travel data. [W] is calculated (see (Formula 1)).
- EP V ⁇ I (Formula 1)
- the prediction unit 112 predicts the rotation speed of the motor 34 at each sample time based on the rotational speed N [RPM] of the motor 34 and the rotational torque T [N ⁇ M] of the motor 34 at each sample time, which are included in the read travel data.
- a shaft output MP [W] is calculated (see (Equation 2)).
- the prediction unit 112 generates a regression line by performing regression analysis on a plurality of data indicating the correspondence relationship between the input power EP of the inverter 35 and the shaft output MP of the motor 34 based on travel data within a certain period of time.
- linear regression for example, the method of least squares can be used. Since the difference between the input power EP of the inverter 35 and the shaft output MP of the motor 34 indicates the sum of the loss of the inverter 35 and the loss of the motor 34, each data indicates the instantaneous value of the loss of the electromechanical converter. become. Note that the regression analysis by the prediction unit 112 is not limited to single regression analysis of linear regression, and may be multiple regression analysis.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a graph obtained by plotting and linearly regressing a plurality of data indicating the loss of the electromechanical converter in a certain electric vehicle 3 during the target period.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a graph obtained by plotting a plurality of data indicating the loss of the electromechanical converter during the reference period of the same electric vehicle 3 and performing linear regression.
- the target period is a period of one month
- the reference period is the period of the same month of the previous year.
- the X axis indicates the shaft output MP of the motor 34
- the Y axis indicates the input power EP of the inverter 35.
- the first quadrant of the graph shows plot data when the motor 34 is power running. During power running, the motor 34 rotates based on power supplied from the battery pack 41 to the inverter 35 . That is, the relationship is electrical input (input power EP is positive) ⁇ mechanical output (shaft output MP is positive).
- the third quadrant of the graph shows plot data when the motor 34 is regenerating. During regeneration, the rotational energy of the motor 34 is recovered by the battery pack 41 via the inverter 35 . That is, the relationship is mechanical input (shaft output MP is negative) ⁇ electrical output (input power EP is negative).
- the prediction unit 112 calculates each plot data based on the input DC voltage, the input DC current of the inverter 35, the rotation speed of the motor 34, and the rotation torque of the motor 34 sampled at the same time.
- the input electric power EP of the inverter 35 varies according to the accelerator opening of the electric vehicle 3 .
- plot data is generated in which the change in the input power EP of the inverter 35 due to the change in the accelerator opening is not reflected in the shaft output MP of the motor 34 .
- the plot data appear in the second quadrant (electrical input-mechanical input) and the fourth quadrant (electrical output-mechanical output).
- the influence of the plot data appearing in the second and fourth quadrants is slight.
- the regression line generated from the multiple plot data shown in FIG. 4 is shown below (Formula 3), and the regression line generated from the multiple plot data shown in FIG. 5 is shown below (Formula 4).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing changes in the slope of the regression line.
- the Y-intercept of the regression line indicates the input power EP [W] of the inverter 35 when the shaft output MP of the motor 34 is 0 [W]. That is, it indicates the fixed loss (offset) of the electromechanical transducer.
- the slope value indicates the conversion efficiency of the electromechanical converter.
- the prediction unit 112 determines that the aging failure of the electromechanical converter is approaching.
- the threshold varies depending on the allowable loss of the motor 34 and the inverter 35, but may be set to a value obtained by increasing the slope of the regression line by a predetermined value (for example, 1.0%) from the initial value.
- the graphs shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 show an example in which the shaft output MP of the motor 34 is on the X axis and the input power EP of the inverter 35 is on the Y axis.
- the X-axis may be the input power EP of the inverter 35 and the Y-axis may be the shaft output MP of the motor 34 .
- the fixed loss of the electromechanical converter appears in the X-intercept of the regression line
- the conversion efficiency of the electromechanical converter appears in the slope of the regression line.
- the prediction unit 112 determines that the age-related failure of the electromechanical converter is approaching.
- the notification unit 113 manages the electric vehicle 3 on which the electromechanical conversion unit is mounted or the electric vehicle 3. An alert indicating that the electromechanical converter is about to fail is transmitted to an operation management terminal device (not shown).
- the user who receives the alert notification brings the target electric vehicle 3 to a dealer or repair shop, and undergoes a precise failure diagnosis of the inverter 35 and motor 34 . Based on the precise failure diagnosis, the inverter 35 or motor 34 can be repaired or replaced, and a reservation for replacement after a predetermined period can be made.
- the prediction unit 112 estimates the wear of the bearing of the motor 34 based on the detection value of the vibration sensor. , the loss increment of the motor 34 can be estimated.
- the prediction unit 112 can estimate the loss increase of the inverter 35 by subtracting the loss increase of the motor 34 from the loss increase of the electromechanical conversion unit. In this case, the prediction unit 112 can determine when the inverter 35 will fail over time.
- the conversion efficiency of the motor 34 fluctuates according to the operating point defined by the combination of the rotation speed N [RPM] and the rotation torque T [N ⁇ M].
- the efficiency decreases whether the number of rotations N [RPM] is increased or decreased from the optimum number of rotations. Basically, efficiency decreases as the number of revolutions deviates from the optimum.
- the efficiency of the rotational torque T [N ⁇ M] is lowered whether the torque is increased or decreased from the optimum torque. Basically, the more the torque deviates from the optimum, the lower the efficiency.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram plotting a plurality of data showing the correspondence relationship between the speed of the electric vehicle 3 and the input power EP of the inverter 35 generated from the travel data on which the graph shown in FIG. 5 is based.
- FIG. 7B is a diagram plotting a plurality of data showing the correspondence relationship between the speed of the electric vehicle 3 and the shaft output MP of the motor 34, generated from the travel data that forms the basis of the graph shown in FIG.
- the data shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B includes only data for the speed of the electric vehicle 3 within 88 [KM/H], and the speed of the electric vehicle 3 is limited to within 88 [KM/H]. It is understood that In the graph shown in FIG. 7B, a large amount of data is plotted along two lines R1 and R2 in the area (regeneration area) where the shaft output MP of the motor 34 is negative. This indicates that the motor controller 36 of the electric vehicle 3 controls at least one of the rotational speed N and rotational torque T of the motor 34 during regeneration so that the motor 34 generates power at an operating point where the conversion efficiency of the motor 34 is high. ing. In the example shown in FIG. 7B, control is performed in two regeneration modes, the first line R1 shows data when controlled in the weak regeneration mode, and the second line R2 is controlled in the strong regeneration mode. It shows the data when
- the conversion efficiency of the motor 34 when controlled in the weak regeneration mode is approximately the same.
- the conversion efficiency of the motor 34 when controlled in the strong regeneration mode is substantially the same.
- the regeneration area a large amount of data is plotted along the two lines R1 and R2, so the data in the regeneration area means that the variation in the conversion efficiency of the motor 34 is small.
- the prediction unit 112 may generate the regression line using only the driving data in the regeneration state in which the regenerative current is flowing from the motor 34 to the inverter 35, among the driving data for the target period. good.
- the regression line for the reference period may be generated only from the travel data in the regeneration state.
- the prediction unit 112 may generate the regression line using only the travel data along the first line R1 or the travel data along the second line R2.
- the prediction unit 112 uses both the driving data in the powering state in which the powering current flows from the inverter 35 to the motor 34 and the driving data in the regeneration state, among the driving data in the target period, to obtain the above It is desirable to generate a regression line. In particular, when it is not possible to obtain sufficient running data in the regenerative state, it is desirable to use running data in both the power running state and the regenerative state.
- the prediction unit 112 generates a regression line based on the travel data in both regeneration states.
- the prediction unit 112 weights the travel data. For example, weighting may be different between the power running state and the regenerative state so as to emphasize the driving data in the regenerative state, or the plot data appearing in the second and fourth quadrants of the graphs shown in FIGS. It may be excluded from the running data to be processed.
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing the flow of processing for predicting age-related failures of electromechanical conversion units by the failure prediction system 10 according to the embodiment.
- the prediction unit 112 reads the input DC voltage, the input DC current, the rotation speed and the rotation torque of the motor 34 during the target period, which are accumulated in the travel data holding unit 121 (S10).
- the prediction unit 112 calculates the input power of the inverter 35 and the shaft output of the motor 34 at each sample time (S11).
- the prediction unit 112 linearly regresses a plurality of values indicating the correspondence between the input power of the inverter 35 and the shaft output of the motor 34 within the target period, and calculates the slope of the regression line (S12).
- the prediction unit 112 similarly calculates the slope of the regression line in the reference period. If the slope of the regression line in the reference period has already been calculated and the value of the slope is stored in the travel data holding unit 121, the prediction unit 112 reads out and uses the value.
- the prediction unit 112 predicts the failure time of the electromechanical conversion unit based on the slope of the regression line in the target period and the slope of the regression line in the reference period (S13).
- the notification unit 113 transmits an alert to the electric vehicle 3 or an operation management terminal device (not shown) that manages the electric vehicle 3 as necessary.
- aging deterioration of the electromechanical converter of the electric vehicle 3 can be predicted at low cost. If the traveling data of the electric vehicle 3 is acquired and stored, there is no need to add a new component (for example, a sensor for detecting failure of the switching elements Q1 to Q6) to the electric vehicle 3. Only by analyzing the log data, failure of the electromechanical transducer can be predicted with high accuracy and low cost.
- a new component for example, a sensor for detecting failure of the switching elements Q1 to Q6
- the present embodiment does not require a high-specification memory and does not require additional sensors, so additional hardware costs are basically zero. Prediction is possible only from existing cloud stored data. Moreover, since attention is focused on the relationship between the input power of the inverter 35 and the shaft output of the motor 34 at the same time, dependence on external factors such as the travel route and the travel environment can be eliminated.
- the user by predicting the failure time of the electromechanical converter based on the predicted increase in the loss of the electromechanical converter over time, the user is notified in advance and the replacement and repair of the inverter 35 or the motor 34 is urged. be able to. As a result, the inconvenience of being unable to run due to a sudden failure of the inverter 35 or the motor 34 can be avoided.
- the user can replace the inverter 35 or the motor 34 at the optimum timing as predictive maintenance. This allows users to minimize downtime while pursuing economic rationality.
- the prediction unit 112 can predict when the inverter 35 will fail.
- travel data for example, travel data only during regeneration
- the prediction unit 112 can estimate the loss of the inverter 35 with higher accuracy.
- the failure prediction system 10 described above may be implemented in the battery control unit 32 in the electric vehicle 3. In this case, although a large-capacity memory is required, data loss can be reduced.
- the electric vehicle 3 is assumed to be a four-wheeled electric vehicle.
- it may be an electric motorcycle (electric scooter), an electric bicycle, or an electric kick scooter.
- Electric vehicles include not only full-standard electric vehicles but also low-speed electric vehicles such as golf carts and land cars used in shopping malls, entertainment facilities, and the like.
- the target on which the battery pack 41 is mounted is not limited to the electric vehicle 3 .
- electric moving bodies such as electric ships, railroad vehicles, and multicopters (drone) are also included.
- the embodiment may be specified by the following items.
- the driving data includes the input voltage of the drive circuit (35), the input current of the drive circuit (35), the rotation speed of the motor (34) driven by the drive circuit (35), and the motor (34).
- the prediction unit (112) predicts the input power of the drive circuit (35) based on the input voltage and the input current of the drive circuit (35), and the motor (34) based on the rotation speed and rotation torque of the motor (34). ) based on the transition of the value statistically indicating the relationship with the shaft output, predicting age-related failure of the electromechanical conversion unit (34, 35);
- a failure prediction system (10) characterized by:
- aged deterioration of the electromechanical conversion units (34, 35) of the electric vehicle (3) can be predicted at low cost.
- the prediction unit (112) obtains by linear regression a plurality of data indicating the correspondence relationship between the input power of the drive circuit (35) and the shaft output of the motor (34), based on travel data within a certain period of time. Predicting aging failure of the electromechanical conversion unit (34, 35) based on the transition of the slope of the regression line obtained,
- a failure prediction system (10) according to item 1, characterized by:
- the prediction unit (112) extracts the running data in a state in which regenerative current is flowing from the motor (34) to the driving circuit (35) from the running data within the fixed period, and calculates the regression line.
- a failure prediction system (10) according to item 2, characterized by:
- the loss of the electromechanical converters (34, 35) can be estimated based on the data with small variations in the efficiency of the motor (34).
- the prediction unit (112) predicts a state in which a power running current is flowing from the drive circuit (35) to the motor (34) and a state in which a power running current is flowing from the motor (34) to the drive circuit ( 35) generating the regression line based on both driving data in a state where regenerative current is flowing;
- a failure prediction system (10) according to item 2, characterized by:
- the prediction unit (112) predicts a state in which a power running current is flowing from the drive circuit (35) to the motor (34) and a state in which a power running current is flowing from the motor (34) to the drive circuit ( 35) generating the regression line based on any running data in a state in which regenerative current is flowing;
- the prediction unit (112) when increasing the traveling data to be used as the basic data for generating the regression line, determines a state in which a power running current is flowing from the drive circuit (35) to the motor (34) and a state in which the motor (34) Generating the regression line based on both driving data in a state in which regenerative current is flowing from 34) to the drive circuit (35);
- a failure prediction system (10) according to item 2, characterized by:
- Travel data of the plurality of electric vehicles (3) is accumulated in a server (12),
- the prediction unit (112) predicts age-related failures of the electromechanical conversion units (34, 35) based on the travel data accumulated in the server (12).
- a failure prediction system (10) according to any one of items 1 to 5, characterized by:
- An electromechanical conversion unit (34) including a motor (34) for driving a drive wheel (31R) of the electric vehicle (3) and a drive circuit (35) for the motor (34) based on travel data of the electric vehicle (3) , 35) of predicting aging failures;
- the driving data includes the input voltage of the drive circuit (35), the input current of the drive circuit (35), the rotation speed of the motor (34) driven by the drive circuit (35), and the motor (34). contains the rotational torque of
- the step of predicting includes input power of the drive circuit (35) based on the input voltage and input current of the drive circuit (35), and power of the motor (34) based on the rotational speed and rotational torque of the motor (34). Predicting age-related failures of the electromechanical converters (34, 35) based on changes in values that statistically indicate the relationship with the shaft output;
- a failure prediction method characterized by:
- aged deterioration of the electromechanical conversion units (34, 35) of the electric vehicle (3) can be predicted at low cost.
- An electromechanical conversion unit (34) including a motor (34) for driving a drive wheel (31R) of the electric vehicle (3) and a drive circuit (35) for the motor (34) based on travel data of the electric vehicle (3) , 35) for predicting age-related failures, and
- the driving data includes the input voltage of the drive circuit (35), the input current of the drive circuit (35), the rotation speed of the motor (34) driven by the drive circuit (35), and the motor (34). contains the rotational torque of
- the prediction process includes input power of the drive circuit (35) based on the input voltage and input current of the drive circuit (35), and power of the motor (34) based on the rotation speed and rotation torque of the motor (34).
- Predicting age-related failures of the electromechanical converters (34, 35) based on changes in values that statistically indicate the relationship with the shaft output;
- a failure prediction program characterized by:
- aged deterioration of the electromechanical conversion units (34, 35) of the electric vehicle (3) can be predicted at low cost.
- 3 Electric vehicle 10 Failure prediction system, 11 Processing unit, 111 Driving data acquisition unit, 112 Prediction unit, 113 Notification unit, 12 Storage unit, 121 Driving data storage unit, 30 Vehicle control unit, 31F Front wheels, 31R Rear wheels, 32F Front wheel axle, 32R rear wheel axle, 33 transmission, 34 motor, 35 inverter, 36 motor controller, 37 gate driver, 381 input voltage/current sensor, 382 output voltage/current sensor, 383 rotation speed/torque sensor, 385 vehicle speed sensor, 39 Wireless communication unit, 39A antenna, 40 power supply system, 41 battery pack, 42 management unit, Q1, Q6 switching element, D1, D6 diode.
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Abstract
Description
予測部112は、読み出した走行データに含まれる、各サンプル時刻のモータ34の回転数N[RPM]とモータ34の回転トルクT[N・M]をもとに、各サンプル時刻のモータ34の軸出力MP[W]を算出する((式2)参照)。
予測部112は、一定期間内の走行データに基づく、インバータ35の入力電力EPとモータ34の軸出力MPの対応関係を示す複数のデータを回帰分析して、回帰直線を生成する。直線回帰には例えば、最小二乗法を使用することができる。インバータ35の入力電力EPとモータ34の軸出力MPとの差分が、インバータ35の損失とモータ34の損失の合計を示すため、各データは電気機械変換部の損失の瞬時値を示していることになる。なお、予測部112による回帰分析は、一次回帰の単回帰分析に限定されず重回帰分析であっても良い。
R2=0.972
Y=1.1123X+2272.8 ・・・(式4)
R2=0.9745
いずれの回帰直線でも、決定係数R2(相関係数Rの二乗)が0.97を超えており、インバータ35の入力電力EPとモータ34の軸出力MPとの間に、極めて強い正の相関があることが示されている。予測部112は、回帰直線の傾きの推移をもとに電気機械変換部の経年故障の発生時期を予測する。図4、図5に示す例では回帰直線の傾きが1年で、1.1023から1.1123に増加している。この増加分は、電気機械変換部の損失増加分(効率低下分)を示している。
電動移動体(3)の走行データを取得する取得部(111)と、
前記電動移動体(3)の走行データをもとに、前記電動移動体(3)の駆動輪(31R)を駆動するモータ(34)とその駆動回路(35)を含む電気機械変換部(34、35)の経年故障を予測する予測部(112)と、を備え、
前記走行データには、前記駆動回路(35)の入力電圧、前記駆動回路(35)の入力電流、前記駆動回路(35)により駆動されるモータ(34)の回転数、及び前記モータ(34)の回転トルクが含まれ、
前記予測部(112)は、前記駆動回路(35)の入力電圧と入力電流に基づく前記駆動回路(35)の入力電力と、前記モータ(34)の回転数と回転トルクに基づく前記モータ(34)の軸出力との関係性を統計的に示す値の推移をもとに、前記電気機械変換部(34、35)の経年故障を予測する、
ことを特徴とする故障予測システム(10)。
前記予測部(112)は、一定期間内の走行データに基づく、前記駆動回路(35)の入力電力と前記モータ(34)の軸出力との対応関係を示す複数のデータを一次回帰して得られる回帰直線の傾きの推移をもとに、前記電気機械変換部(34、35)の経年故障を予測する、
ことを特徴とする項目1に記載の故障予測システム(10)。
前記予測部(112)は、前記一定期間内の走行データの内、前記モータ(34)から前記駆動回路(35)に回生電流が流れている状態の走行データを抽出して、前記回帰直線を生成する、
ことを特徴とする項目2に記載の故障予測システム(10)。
前記予測部(112)は、前記一定期間内の走行データの内、前記駆動回路(35)から前記モータ(34)に力行電流が流れている状態と、前記モータ(34)から前記駆動回路(35)に回生電流が流れている状態の両方の走行データをもとに、前記回帰直線を生成する、
ことを特徴とする項目2に記載の故障予測システム(10)。
前記予測部(112)は、前記一定期間内の走行データの内、前記駆動回路(35)から前記モータ(34)に力行電流が流れている状態と、前記モータ(34)から前記駆動回路(35)に回生電流が流れている状態のいずれかの走行データをもとに前記回帰直線を生成し、
前記予測部(112)は、前記回帰直線を生成する基礎データとすべき走行データを増やす場合、前記駆動回路(35)から前記モータ(34)に力行電流が流れている状態と、前記モータ(34)から前記駆動回路(35)に回生電流が流れている状態の両方の走行データをもとに、前記回帰直線を生成する、
ことを特徴とする項目2に記載の故障予測システム(10)。
複数の前記電動移動体(3)の走行データがサーバ(12)に蓄積され、
前記予測部(112)は、前記サーバ(12)に蓄積された前記走行データをもとに、前記電気機械変換部(34、35)の経年故障を予測する、
ことを特徴とする項目1から5のいずれか1項に記載の故障予測システム(10)。
電動移動体(3)の走行データを取得するステップと、
前記電動移動体(3)の走行データをもとに、前記電動移動体(3)の駆動輪(31R)を駆動するモータ(34)とその駆動回路(35)を含む電気機械変換部(34、35)の経年故障を予測するステップと、を有し、
前記走行データには、前記駆動回路(35)の入力電圧、前記駆動回路(35)の入力電流、前記駆動回路(35)により駆動されるモータ(34)の回転数、及び前記モータ(34)の回転トルクが含まれ、
前記予測するステップは、前記駆動回路(35)の入力電圧と入力電流に基づく前記駆動回路(35)の入力電力と、前記モータ(34)の回転数と回転トルクに基づく前記モータ(34)の軸出力との関係性を統計的に示す値の推移をもとに、前記電気機械変換部(34、35)の経年故障を予測する、
ことを特徴とする故障予測方法。
電動移動体(3)の走行データを取得する処理と、
前記電動移動体(3)の走行データをもとに、前記電動移動体(3)の駆動輪(31R)を駆動するモータ(34)とその駆動回路(35)を含む電気機械変換部(34、35)の経年故障を予測する処理と、をコンピュータに実行させ、
前記走行データには、前記駆動回路(35)の入力電圧、前記駆動回路(35)の入力電流、前記駆動回路(35)により駆動されるモータ(34)の回転数、及び前記モータ(34)の回転トルクが含まれ、
前記予測する処理は、前記駆動回路(35)の入力電圧と入力電流に基づく前記駆動回路(35)の入力電力と、前記モータ(34)の回転数と回転トルクに基づく前記モータ(34)の軸出力との関係性を統計的に示す値の推移をもとに、前記電気機械変換部(34、35)の経年故障を予測する、
ことを特徴とする故障予測プログラム。
Claims (8)
- 電動移動体の走行データを取得する取得部と、
前記電動移動体の走行データをもとに、前記電動移動体の駆動輪を駆動するモータとその駆動回路を含む電気機械変換部の経年故障を予測する予測部と、を備え、
前記走行データには、前記駆動回路の入力電圧、前記駆動回路の入力電流、前記駆動回路により駆動されるモータの回転数、及び前記モータの回転トルクが含まれ、
前記予測部は、前記駆動回路の入力電圧と入力電流に基づく前記駆動回路の入力電力と、前記モータの回転数と回転トルクに基づく前記モータの軸出力との関係性を統計的に示す値の推移をもとに、前記電気機械変換部の経年故障を予測する、
ことを特徴とする故障予測システム。 - 前記予測部は、一定期間内の走行データに基づく、前記駆動回路の入力電力と前記モータの軸出力との対応関係を示す複数のデータを一次回帰して得られる回帰直線の傾きの推移をもとに、前記電気機械変換部の経年故障を予測する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の故障予測システム。 - 前記予測部は、前記一定期間内の走行データの内、前記モータから前記駆動回路に回生電流が流れている状態の走行データを抽出して、前記回帰直線を生成する、
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の故障予測システム。 - 前記予測部は、前記一定期間内の走行データの内、前記駆動回路から前記モータに力行電流が流れている状態と、前記モータから前記駆動回路に回生電流が流れている状態の両方の走行データをもとに、前記回帰直線を生成する、
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の故障予測システム。 - 前記予測部は、前記一定期間内の走行データの内、前記駆動回路から前記モータに力行電流が流れている状態と、前記モータから前記駆動回路に回生電流が流れている状態のいずれかの走行データをもとに前記回帰直線を生成し、
前記予測部は、前記回帰直線を生成する基礎データとすべき走行データを増やす場合、前記駆動回路から前記モータに力行電流が流れている状態と、前記モータから前記駆動回路に回生電流が流れている状態の両方の走行データをもとに、前記回帰直線を生成する、
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の故障予測システム。 - 複数の前記電動移動体の走行データがサーバに蓄積され、
前記予測部は、前記サーバに蓄積された前記走行データをもとに、前記電気機械変換部の経年故障を予測する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の故障予測システム。 - 電動移動体の走行データを取得するステップと、
前記電動移動体の走行データをもとに、前記電動移動体の駆動輪を駆動するモータとその駆動回路を含む電気機械変換部の経年故障を予測するステップと、を有し、
前記走行データには、前記駆動回路の入力電圧、前記駆動回路の入力電流、前記駆動回路により駆動されるモータの回転数、及び前記モータの回転トルクが含まれ、
前記予測するステップは、前記駆動回路の入力電圧と入力電流に基づく前記駆動回路の入力電力と、前記モータの回転数と回転トルクに基づく前記モータの軸出力との関係性を統計的に示す値の推移をもとに、前記電気機械変換部の経年故障を予測する、
ことを特徴とする故障予測方法。 - 電動移動体の走行データを取得する処理と、
前記電動移動体の走行データをもとに、前記電動移動体の駆動輪を駆動するモータとその駆動回路を含む電気機械変換部の経年故障を予測する処理と、をコンピュータに実行させ、
前記走行データには、前記駆動回路の入力電圧、前記駆動回路の入力電流、前記駆動回路により駆動されるモータの回転数、及び前記モータの回転トルクが含まれ、
前記予測する処理は、前記駆動回路の入力電圧と入力電流に基づく前記駆動回路の入力電力と、前記モータの回転数と回転トルクに基づく前記モータの軸出力との関係性を統計的に示す値の推移をもとに、前記電気機械変換部の経年故障を予測する、
ことを特徴とする故障予測プログラム。
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