WO2022270944A1 - 광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우, 이를 적용한 자동차 및 건물용 창호 - Google Patents
광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우, 이를 적용한 자동차 및 건물용 창호 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022270944A1 WO2022270944A1 PCT/KR2022/008950 KR2022008950W WO2022270944A1 WO 2022270944 A1 WO2022270944 A1 WO 2022270944A1 KR 2022008950 W KR2022008950 W KR 2022008950W WO 2022270944 A1 WO2022270944 A1 WO 2022270944A1
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- polarizing plate
- transparent conductive
- conductive layer
- optical laminate
- variable transmittance
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- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M trans-cinnamate Chemical group [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/08—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of polarising materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
- G02B5/223—Absorbing filters containing organic substances, e.g. dyes, inks or pigments
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
- G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a variable transmittance optical laminate and a manufacturing method thereof, a smart window including the same, and windows and doors for automobiles and buildings to which the same is applied.
- an external light blocking coating is applied to a window of a means of transportation such as a vehicle.
- the transmittance of a window of a conventional means of transportation is fixed, and the external light blocking coating also has a fixed transmittance. Therefore, the entire transmittance of the window of the conventional means of transportation is fixed, which may cause an accident. For example, if the overall transmittance is set low, there is no problem during the day when the ambient light is sufficient. However, there is a problem in that a driver or the like may have difficulty in properly checking the surroundings of the means of transportation at night when the amount of ambient light is not sufficient.
- variable transmittance optical laminate is driven by driving the liquid crystal according to the application of voltage and changing the transmittance.
- a conductive layer for driving the liquid crystal is formed on a separate substrate, It is manufactured by combining this with other elements such as a polarizing plate.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2018-010035 also discloses a variable transmittance optical laminate including a transparent electrode layer formed on a polycarbonate (PC) substrate having a predetermined thickness.
- PC polycarbonate
- An object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance optical laminate having a simplified manufacturing process by not including a separate substrate for forming a conductive layer.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance optical laminate having a significantly reduced thickness by not including a separate substrate for forming a conductive layer.
- an object of the present invention is to effectively control light incident on a slope by adjusting the retardation and refractive index of an optical function film.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a smart window including the variable transmittance optical laminate and a window for a vehicle or building to which the same is applied.
- the present invention a first polarizing plate; a first transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the first polarizing plate; a second polarizing plate facing the first polarizing plate; a second transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the second polarizing plate and facing the first transparent conductive layer; A liquid crystal layer provided between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, wherein the liquid crystal layer is driven in a twisted nematic (TN) mode, and the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer At least one transparent conductive layer among the layers is formed in direct contact with the first polarizing plate or the second polarizing plate, and at least one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate is formed on a polarizer and one surface of the polarizer.
- TN twisted nematic
- a first optical function film comprising a first optical function film having an in-plane retardation (R in ) of 40 nm to 100 nm and a thickness direction retardation (R th ) of 120 nm to 210 nm. will be.
- the present invention may further include a second optical function film formed on one surface of the first optical function film.
- At least one of the first optical function film and the second optical function film may be a retardation film.
- the second optical function film may have a thickness direction retardation (R th ) of 0 to 120 nm.
- At least one transparent conductive layer of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer does not include a separate substrate between the first polarizing plate or the second polarizing plate, and , It may be formed by direct contact with the polarizing plate.
- At least one transparent conductive layer of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer further includes an easy-adhesive layer between the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate.
- At least one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate may further include at least one protective film.
- the protective film comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene isophthalate (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polybutylene terephthalate.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEI polyethylene isophthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- PC polycarbonate
- PE polyethylene
- PE polypropylene
- PMA poly methyl acrylate
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PEMA polyethyl methacrylate
- cyclic olefin-based polymers It may include one or more selected from the group consisting of cyclic olefin polymer (COP).
- At least one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate may have a thickness of 30 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- At least one of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is a transparent conductive oxide, a metal, a carbon-based material, a conductive polymer, a conductive ink, and a nano wire. It may include one or more selected from the group consisting of.
- the liquid crystal layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a ball spacer and a column spacer.
- the ball spacer may have a diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the area occupied by the ball spacer in the liquid crystal layer may be 0.01% to 10% of the area of the liquid crystal layer.
- the present invention may further include a refractive index adjusting layer having a refractive index of 1.4 to 2.6.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing the variable transmittance optical laminate.
- the present invention relates to a smart window including the variable transmittance optical laminate.
- the present invention relates to a vehicle in which the smart window is applied to at least one or more of a front window, a rear window, a side window, a sunroof window, and an interior partition.
- the present invention relates to a window for a building, including the smart window.
- the conductive layer is formed directly on one surface of the polarizing plate, and the thickness is significantly reduced compared to the conventional optical laminate by not including a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer. there is.
- variable transmittance optical laminate it is possible to omit the process of forming a conductive layer on a substrate and bonding it to another member for the formation of a conventional optical laminate, so that conventional optical Compared to the laminate, the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- variable transmittance optical laminate according to the present invention, by controlling the retardation and refractive index of the optical function film to effectively control the transmittance of light transmitted through the slopes, in particular, transmitted light through the upper slopes, compared to conventional optical laminates, external light, particularly sunlight, is reduced. permeation can be more effectively controlled.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate further coupled to an optical film according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate further coupled to an optical film according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate formed on one side of which is an adhesive according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a view showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate further including a protective film according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically illustrating steps of manufacturing a polarizing plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate further coupled with a refractive index control layer according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a light leakage test process and results of an optical laminate with variable transmittance according to a first optical function film according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the in-plane retardation (R in ) is in the range of 40 nm to 100 nm and the thickness direction retardation (R th ) is in the range of 120 nm to 210 nm, and light leakage passing through the variable transmittance laminate is effectively blocked.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an experiment procedure and results of a light leakage test of an optical laminate with variable transmittance according to a first optical function film and a second optical function film according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 9b to 9g show that light leakage passing through the variable transmittance laminate is effectively blocked in a thickness direction retardation range of 0 to 120 nm.
- the present invention does not include a separate substrate for forming a conductive layer by directly forming a conductive layer for driving liquid crystal on one side of a polarizing plate, and by adjusting the phase difference of an optical function film, the transmittance of light transmitted from the slope can be effectively controlled , It relates to a variable transmittance optical laminate.
- a first polarizing plate a first transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the first polarizing plate; a second polarizing plate facing the first polarizing plate; a second transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the second polarizing plate and facing the first transparent conductive layer;
- a liquid crystal layer provided between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, wherein the liquid crystal layer is driven in a twisted nematic (TN) mode, and the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer
- At least one transparent conductive layer among the layers is formed in direct contact with the first polarizing plate or the second polarizing plate, and at least one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate is formed on a polarizer and one surface of the polarizer.
- a first optical function film comprising a first optical function film having an in-plane retardation (R in ) of 40 nm to 100 nm and a thickness direction retardation (R th ) of 120 nm to 210 nm. will be.
- variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention is particularly suitable for technical fields capable of changing light transmittance according to the application of voltage, and can be used, for example, in a smart window.
- a smart window refers to a window that controls the amount of light or heat passing through by changing the transmittance of light according to the application of an electrical signal. That is, the smart window is provided to be changed into a transparent, opaque or semi-transparent state by voltage, and is also called variable transmittance glass, dimming glass, or “smart” glass.
- a smart window can be used as a partition for partitioning the interior space of vehicles and buildings or for protecting privacy, or as a skylight placed in an opening of a building, and can be used as a highway sign, bulletin board, scoreboard, clock or advertising screen. It can also be used, and it can be used as a substitute for the glass of vehicles such as windows or sunroofs of cars, buses, aircrafts, ships, or trains.
- variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention can also be used as a smart window in the various technical fields described above, but since the transparent conductive layer is directly formed on the polarizer, it does not include a separate substrate for forming the transparent conductive layer. It has a thin thickness and is advantageous in bending properties, so it can be particularly suitably used for smart windows for vehicles or buildings.
- a smart window to which the variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention is applied may be used for front windows, rear windows, side windows and sunroof windows of a vehicle, or windows and doors for buildings. In addition to blocking external light, it can also be used for partitioning interior spaces of cars or buildings, such as interior partitions, or for protecting privacy.
- spatially relative terms “below”, “bottom”, “lower”, “above”, “upper”, “upper”, etc. refer to one element or component and another element or component as shown in the drawings. It can be used to easily describe the correlation with Spatially relative terms should be understood as encompassing different orientations of elements in use or operation in addition to the orientations shown in the figures. For example, when elements shown in the drawings are turned over, elements described as “below” or “below” other elements may be placed “above” the other elements. Accordingly, the exemplary term “below” may include directions of both down and up. Elements may also be oriented in other orientations, and thus spatially relative terms may be interpreted according to orientation.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the variable transmittance optical stack 100 includes a liquid crystal layer 110, a first polarizing plate 120-1, a second polarizing plate 120-2, and a first transparent It may include a conductive layer 130-1 and a second transparent conductive layer 130-2, and the first polarizer 120-1 may include a first polarizer 121-1 and a first optical functional film ( 122-1), and the second polarizer 120-2 may include a second polarizer 121-2 and a first optical function film 122-2.
- the total light transmittance may change according to voltage application.
- the optical laminate 100 may have a total light transmittance of 5% to 45% according to voltage application.
- the liquid crystal layer 110 is driven by an electric field.
- the liquid crystal layer 110 may be positioned between the first polarizing plate 120 - 1 and the second polarizing plate 120 - 2 positioned in the light control area of the optical stack 100 .
- the liquid crystal layer 110 may include a sealant layer (not shown) and a spacer (not shown) provided between the first polarizing plate 120-1 and the second polarizing plate 120-2 in the light control area. not) can be located within the space provided by
- the liquid crystal layer 110 may adjust transmittance of light incident from an external light source according to an electric field formed between the first transparent conductive layer 130-1 or the second transparent conductive layer 130-2.
- the liquid crystal layer 110 is preferably driven in a twisted nematic (TN) mode for ease of manufacturing and driving and securing a predetermined transmittance in the light blocking mode.
- the TN mode is a mode in which the polarization axes of the polarizers are orthogonal to each other, liquid crystal exists in a twisted state from the first polarizer 120-1 to the second polarizer 120-2, and uses a vertical electric field. .
- the liquid crystal layer 110 may include one or more spacers selected from the group consisting of a ball spacer and a column spacer, and in particular, a ball spacer. (Ball spacer) is preferred.
- the ball spacer may be one or more, and preferably has a diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the area occupied by the ball spacer in the liquid crystal layer 110 is, in terms of user visibility and transmittance improvement in the light transmission mode, the liquid crystal layer ( 110) is preferably 0.01% to 10% with respect to the area.
- the liquid crystal layer 110 may further include a sealant layer formed on the outside.
- the sealant layer is for bonding two different polarizing plates, and may be located in an inactive area between the two different polarizing plates.
- the sealant layer together with the spacer may secure a space in which the liquid crystal layer is provided between two polarizing plates different from each other.
- the sealant layer may include a curable resin as a base resin.
- a curable resin as a base resin.
- an ultraviolet curable resin or a heat curable resin known to be usable for sealants in the art may be used.
- the UV curable resin may be a polymer of UV curable monomers.
- the thermosetting resin may be a polymer of thermosetting monomers.
- the base resin of the sealant for example, an acrylate-based resin, an epoxy-based resin, a urethane-based resin, a phenol-based resin, or a mixture of the above resins may be used.
- the base resin may be an acrylate-based resin
- the acrylate-based resin may be a polymer of acrylic monomers.
- the acrylic monomer may be, for example, a multifunctional acrylate.
- the sealant may further include a monomer component in the base resin.
- the monomer component may be, for example, a monofunctional acrylate.
- monofunctional acrylate may mean a compound having one acryl group
- multifunctional acrylate may mean a compound having two or more acryl groups.
- the curable resin may be cured by UV irradiation and/or heating.
- the ultraviolet irradiation conditions or heating conditions may be appropriately performed within a range that does not impair the purpose of the present application.
- the sealant may further include an initiator, for example, a photoinitiator or a thermal initiator, if necessary.
- the sealant layer formed on the liquid crystal layer 110 may be formed by a method commonly used in the related art. That is, it may be formed by drawing on the inactive area). Thereafter, the optical laminate of the present invention may be manufactured by bonding and curing other optical laminates, and curing of the sealant may be performed by irradiation of ultraviolet rays and/or heating.
- the first polarizing plate 120 - 1 and the second polarizing plate 120 - 2 may be positioned to face each other with the liquid crystal layer 110 interposed therebetween.
- the first polarizing plate 120-1 and the second polarizing plate 120-2 transmit sporadically pouring light in one direction, and use the polarization property of the polarizing plate 120 to determine the amount of passing light. It may be for adjusting the transmittance of the optical laminate by adjusting.
- the polarizer of at least one of the first polarizer 120-1 and the second polarizer 120-2 may include a stretchable polarizer or may be provided as a stretchable polarizer.
- the stretchable polarizer may include a stretched polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resin.
- the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resin may be a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin obtained by saponifying a polyvinyl acetate-based resin. Examples of the polyvinyl acetate-based resin include polyvinyl acetate, which is a homopolymer of vinyl acetate, and copolymers of vinyl acetate and other monomers copolymerizable therewith.
- the other monomers may include unsaturated carboxylic acid-based, unsaturated sulfonic acid-based, olefin-based, vinyl ether-based, and acrylamide-based monomers having an ammonium group.
- the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based resin is modified, and may be polyvinyl formal or polyvinyl acetal modified with aldehydes.
- the first and second polarizers 120-1 and 120-2 may include a coated polarizer.
- the coating type polarizer may be formed of a liquid crystal coating composition, and in this case, the liquid crystal coating composition may include a reactive liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye.
- the reactive liquid crystal compound may refer to a compound including, for example, a mesogen skeleton and one or more polymerizable functional groups. These reactive liquid crystal compounds are variously known as so-called RM (Reactive Mesogen).
- the reactive liquid crystal compound may be polymerized by light or heat to form a cured film in which a polymer network is formed while maintaining a liquid crystal arrangement.
- the reactive liquid crystal compound may be a monofunctional or multifunctional reactive liquid crystal compound.
- the monofunctional reactive liquid crystal compound may be a compound having one polymerizable functional group
- the multifunctional reactive liquid crystal compound may refer to a compound containing two or more polymerizable functional groups.
- the dichroic dye is a component that is included in the composition for liquid crystal coating and imparts polarization characteristics, and has a property in which absorbance in the long-axis direction and absorbance in the short-axis direction of the molecule are different.
- the dichroic dye may use a conventional or later developed dichroic dye, and may include, for example, an acridine dye, an oxazine dye, a cyanine dye, a naphthalene dye, an azo dye, an anthraquinone dye, and the like, , These may be used alone or in combination.
- the liquid crystal coating composition may further include a solvent capable of dissolving the reactive liquid crystal compound and the dichroic dye, for example, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), xylene (xylene) and chloroform may be used.
- the liquid crystal coating composition may further include a leveling agent, a polymerization initiator, and the like within a range that does not impair the polarization properties of the coating film.
- At least one of the first polarizing plate 120-1 and the second polarizing plate 120-2 may include a polarizer and one or more protective layers formed on one surface of the polarizer, and the protective layer may be optically laminated.
- One or more first optical function films 122-1 and 122-2 for supplementing optical characteristics of the body may be included.
- the protective layer may be provided on both sides as well as on one side of the polarizer, and may be formed in a multilayer structure in which one or more protective layers are successively stacked. At this time, the two different protective layers are substantially may have the same or similar properties or different properties.
- the protective layer may further include a protective film for preserving polarization characteristics of the polarizer from post-processing and external environments.
- the protective layer may serve to provide a structural base on which the transparent conductive layers 130-1 and 130-2 described below can be formed. At this time, the protective layer is a transparent conductive layer ( 130-1, 130-2) preferably has characteristics of easy formation.
- At least one of the first optical function films 122-1 and 122-2 may be directly formed on one surface of the polarizer or may be provided on the upper surface of the protective film.
- At least one of the first optical function films 122-1 and 122-2 is a component of at least one of the first polarizing plate 120-1 and the second polarizing plate 120-2. It is not particularly limited as long as it is for reinforcing or supplementing the optical function, and for example, a quarter wave plate (1/4 wave plate) for delaying the phase of light passing through the liquid crystal layer 110, a half wave plate (half wave plate) plate), etc., and these may be used alone or in combination.
- the in-plane retardation value of the retardation film may be 100 nm or less, preferably, 40 nm to 100 nm.
- the method for adjusting the in-plane retardation value of the retardation film may be a method commonly used in the art.
- the retardation film is a polymer stretched film
- the in-plane phase difference value can be adjusted.
- the "retardation" film is a liquid crystal polymerization film
- the "in-plane" retardation value may be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, the birefringence value of the liquid crystal, and the like.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal can be produced as a retardation film that expresses a retardation in an arbitrary thickness direction.
- the thickness direction retardation of the first optical function films 122-1 and 122-2 may be 120 nm or more, preferably 120 nm to 210 nm.
- At least one of the first polarizing plate 120-1 and the second polarizing plate 120-2 is the first optical function film (122-1, 122-2).
- ) may further include a second optical function film (not disclosed in the drawing) formed on one side of at least one optical function film of the ).
- each optical function film may be formed to have a predetermined in-plane retardation value or thickness direction retardation value.
- the retardation value in the thickness direction may be 0 nm or more, and preferably, 0 to 120 nm or less.
- the in-plane retardation value or thickness direction retardation value of the first optical function film (122-1, 122-2) or the second optical function film (not disclosed in the drawing) By forming the in-plane retardation value or thickness direction retardation value of the first optical function film (122-1, 122-2) or the second optical function film (not disclosed in the drawing) to a predetermined value according to experimental data, It is possible to effectively control not only the incident light but also the sunlight entering the slope.
- the retardation film with a predetermined value according to the above experimental data, the light transmittance is maintained well in the light transmittance mode when no voltage is applied, and the sunlight entering the slope when the voltage is applied in the light blocking mode It is possible to effectively control the light of the back.
- the refractive index is the refractive index for light having a wavelength of about 550 nm.
- a stretched polymer film or a liquid crystal polymerized film obtained by stretching a polymer film capable of imparting optical anisotropy by stretching in an appropriate manner may be used.
- the polymeric stretched film may be equally applied to the protective film to be described below, and for example, polyolefins such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), and cyclic olefins such as polynorbornene Polymer (COP: cyclo olefin polymer), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polysulfone (PSU), acryl resin, polycarbonate (PC) ), polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or cellulose ester-based polymer such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC) or the above Among the monomers forming the polymer, a polymer layer containing a copolymer of two or more monomers or the like can be used.
- polyolefins such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP)
- cyclic olefins such as polynorbornene Polymer (COP:
- a method of obtaining the stretched polymer film is not particularly limited, and may be obtained by, for example, stretching the polymer material after forming it into a film form.
- the forming method into the film form is not particularly limited, and it is possible to mold the film into a film by known methods such as injection molding, sheet molding, blow molding, injection blow molding, inflation molding, extrusion molding, foam molding, and cast molding. Secondary process molding methods such as molding and vacuum molding can also be used. Among them, extrusion molding and cast molding are preferably used.
- the unstretched film may be extruded using an extruder equipped with a T die, a circular die, or the like.
- the unstretched film can also be cast-molded by dissolving the various resin components using a solvent common to the various resin components, for example, a solvent such as chloroform or methylene dichloride, and then casting dry and solidifying the unstretched film.
- a solvent such as chloroform or methylene dichloride
- the polymer stretched film is uniaxially stretched in the mechanical flow direction (MD; Mechanical Direction, longitudinal direction or longitudinal direction) of the molded film, and in a direction (TD; Transverse Direction, transverse direction or width direction) that goes directly to the mechanical flow direction. It can be uniaxially stretched, or a biaxially stretched film can also be produced by stretching by a sequential biaxial stretching method of roll stretching and tenter stretching, a simultaneous biaxial stretching method by tenter stretching, a biaxial stretching method by tubular stretching, or the like.
- the liquid crystal polymerization film may include a reactive liquid crystal compound in a polymerized state.
- the reactive liquid crystal compound may refer to a compound including, for example, a mesogen skeleton and one or more polymerizable functional groups. These reactive liquid crystal compounds are variously known as so-called RM (Reactive Mesogen).
- the reactive liquid crystal compound may be polymerized by light or heat to form a cured film in which a polymer network is formed while maintaining a liquid crystal arrangement.
- the reactive liquid crystal compound may be a monofunctional or multifunctional reactive liquid crystal compound.
- the monofunctional reactive liquid crystal compound may be a compound having one polymerizable functional group
- the multifunctional reactive liquid crystal compound may refer to a compound containing two or more polymerizable functional groups.
- the protective layer of at least one polarizer of the first polarizer 120-1 and the second polarizer 120-2 may further include a protective film for preserving polarization characteristics of the polarizer from post-processing and external environments.
- the protective film may be the same as, similar to, or different from the optical function film described above, and may include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene isophthalate (PEI) polyester resins such as polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT); cellulosic resins such as diacetyl cellulose and triacetyl cellulose (TAC); polycarbonate (PC) resin; polyethylene (PE) resin; polypropylene (PP) resin; acrylic resins such as polymethyl acrylate (PMA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethyl acrylate (PEA), and polyethyl methacrylate (PEMA); And it may include one or more selected from the group consisting of
- first polarizing plate 120-1 and the second polarizing plate 120-2 may be formed by including a member having orientation, for example, an orientation polymer on a protective layer.
- a member having orientation for example, an orientation polymer on a protective layer.
- the liquid crystal coating composition may be applied and cured on the member.
- the orientation polymer is not particularly limited, but polyacrylate-based resins, polyamic acid resins, polyimide-based resins, polymers containing a cinnamate group, etc. can
- At least one of the first polarizing plate 120-1 and the second polarizing plate 120-2 may further include an overcoat layer, for example, the liquid crystal coating composition It is located on the upper surface of the layer formed by, and may be provided to face the member having the orientation.
- a protective film may be further provided on the upper surface of the overcoat layer.
- the polarizing plate may have a laminated structure of a member having an alignment film property, a layer formed of a composition for liquid crystal coating, an overcoat layer, and a protective film. As a result, mechanical durability is further improved while maintaining transmittance at a certain level. It can be.
- At least one of the first polarizing plate 120-1 and the second polarizing plate 120-2 may have a thickness of 30 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 30 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m. It may be 170 ⁇ m, more preferably, it may be 50 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m. In this case, while at least one of the first polarizing plate 120-1 and the second polarizing plate 120-2 maintains optical characteristics, it is possible to manufacture an optical laminate having a thin thickness.
- At least one of the first polarizing plate 120-1 and the second polarizing plate 120-2 may have a curved shape for manufacturing an optical laminate having a curved surface, for example, a liquid crystal layer.
- the two different polarizing plates 120 - 1 and 120 - 2 stacked on both sides of 110 it may be formed in a shape curved toward one of the polarizing plates.
- the transparent conductive layers 130-1 and 130-2 are the first transparent conductive layer 130-1 and the second polarizer 120-2 provided on one surface of the first polarizing plate 120-1. It may include a second transparent conductive layer 130-2 provided on one surface.
- the first polarizing plate 120-1 and the second polarizing plate 120-2 include one or more optical function films
- the first optical function films 122-1 and 122-2 or the second optical function film A functional film may be positioned between the first and second transparent conductive layers 130-1 and 130-2 and the first and second polarizers 120-1 and 120-2, respectively.
- At least one transparent conductive layer of the first transparent conductive layer 130-1 and the second transparent conductive layer 130-2 includes the first polarizing plate 120-1 and the second polarizing plate 120-2. It may be formed in direct contact with at least one polarizing plate among, for example, the first transparent conductive layer 130-1 may be formed in direct contact with the first polarizing plate 120-1, and/or , The second transparent conductive layer 130-2 may be formed in direct contact with the second polarizing plate 120-2.
- the first transparent conductive layer 130-1 or the second transparent conductive layer 130-1 formed by directly contacting at least one of the first and second polarizers 120-1 and 120-2.
- the conductive layer 130-2 shares a contact surface with at least one of the first polarizing plate 120-1 and the second polarizing plate 120-2, does not include a separate substrate, and is formed on the polarizing plate.
- the first transparent conductive layer 130-1 or the second transparent conductive layer 130-2 is at least one of the first polarizing plate 120-1 and the second polarizing plate 120-2. It may be formed by depositing on the upper surface of the protective layer formed on.
- the first transparent conductive layer 130-1 or the second transparent conductive layer 130-2 is at least one of the first polarizing plate 120-1 and the second polarizing plate 120-2 and In order to improve the adhesion of the polarizing plate, it may be formed by performing a pretreatment such as corona treatment or plasma treatment on one surface of the polarizing plate, and then directly contacting the pretreated surface of the polarizing plate.
- the pretreatment is not limited to corona treatment or plasma treatment, and a conventional or later developed pretreatment process may be used within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention.
- the first transparent conductive layer 130-1 formed by directly contacting at least one of the first polarizing plate 120-1 and the second polarizing plate 120-2;
- the second transparent conductive layer 130-2 may be formed by directly contacting the polarizing plate with an easy-adhesive layer (not disclosed in the drawing) interposed therebetween, in order to improve adhesion with the polarizing plate. there is.
- At least one of the first transparent conductive layer 130-1 and the second transparent conductive layer 130-2 preferably has a visible light transmittance of 50% or more, for example, a transparent conductive oxide.
- a transparent conductive oxide may include one or more selected from the group consisting of metals, carbon-based materials, conductive polymers, conductive inks, and nanowires, but is not limited thereto, and materials for transparent conductive layers conventionally or later developed may be used. there is.
- the transparent conductive oxide is indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), or gallium zinc oxide (GZO).
- ITO indium tin oxide
- IZO indium zinc oxide
- IZTO indium zinc tin oxide
- AZO aluminum zinc oxide
- GZO gallium zinc oxide
- Florin tin oxide (FTO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) may include one or more selected from the group consisting of the like.
- the metal is gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W) , niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), vanadium (V), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), alloys containing at least one of these, and the like It may include one or more selected from the group consisting of, and may include, for example, a silver-palladium-copper (APC) alloy or a copper-calcium (CuCa) alloy.
- APC silver-palladium-copper
- CuCa copper-calcium
- the carbon-based material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, and the conductive polymer may be polypyrrole, polythiophene, etc. , polyacetylene, PEDOT, polyaniline, and the like.
- the conductive ink may be an ink in which metal powder and a curable polymer binder are mixed, and the nanowires may be, for example, silver nanowires (AgNW).
- At least one transparent conductive layer of the first transparent conductive layer 130-1 and the second transparent conductive layer 130-2 may be formed in a structure of two or more layers by combining the above materials.
- it may be formed as a two-layer structure including a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer to reduce reflectance of incident light and increase transmittance.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams illustrating a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate further coupled to an optical film according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- At least one of the first polarizing plate 120-1 and the second polarizing plate 120-2 may include a polarizer and a plurality of optical functional films formed on one surface of the polarizer.
- the plurality of optical function films may be provided on both sides of the polarizer or may be formed in a multilayer structure in which optical function films are continuously laminated.
- the different optical function films may have substantially the same, similar or different properties, and may be formed to have predefined in-plane retardation values or thickness direction retardation values, respectively.
- the variable transmittance optical laminate 200 includes a first optical function film 122-2 between polarizers 121-1 and 121-2 and transparent conductive layers 130-1 and 130-2. 1 and 122-2), respectively, and formed on the lower surface of the first optical function film 122-1 located between the first polarizer 121-1 and the first transparent conductive layer 130-1. 2
- the optical function film 123-1 may be further formed in a multi-layer structure.
- the variable transmittance optical stack 300 according to the embodiment of FIG. 3 includes the first optical function film 122-2 positioned between the second polarizer 121-2 and the second transparent conductive layer 130-2. 2)
- the second optical function film 123-2 formed on the upper surface may be further formed in a multi-layer structure.
- the one or more first optical function films 122-1 and 122-2 and the second optical function films 123-1 and 123-2 according to the embodiment of FIG. 2 or 3 have substantially the same or similar properties or It may have different properties and may be formed to have a predefined in-plane retardation value or thickness direction retardation value, respectively.
- the first optical function films 122-1 and 122-2 may have an in-plane retardation (R in ) of 40 nm to 100 nm and a thickness direction retardation (R th ) of 120 nm to 210 nm, ,
- Figure 4 is a view showing a laminated structure of a variable transmittance optical laminate formed on one side of the adhesive according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- An adhesive layer 124 may be further included on one surface of the optical laminate 400 according to the embodiment of FIG. 4 .
- the adhesive agent 124 may be formed using an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive, and has appropriate adhesive strength so that peeling, bubbles, etc. do not occur when handling the optical laminate 400, and has transparency and thermal stability. it is desirable
- a conventional or later developed adhesive may be used, and for example, a photocurable adhesive may be used.
- the photocurable adhesive is crosslinked and cured by receiving active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays (UV) and electron beams (EB) to exhibit strong adhesive strength, and may be composed of reactive oligomers, reactive monomers, photopolymerization initiators, and the like.
- active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays (UV) and electron beams (EB) to exhibit strong adhesive strength
- UV ultraviolet rays
- EB electron beams
- the reactive oligomer is an important component that determines the properties of an adhesive, and forms a polymer bond through a photopolymerization reaction to form a cured film.
- Reactive oligomers that can be used include polyester-based resins, polyether-based resins, polyurethane-based resins, epoxy-based resins, polyacrylic-based resins, silicone-based resins, and the like.
- the reactive monomer serves as a crosslinking agent and a diluent for the aforementioned reactive oligomer, and affects adhesive properties.
- Reactive monomers that can be used include monofunctional monomers, polyfunctional monomers, epoxy-based monomers, vinyl ethers, and cyclic ethers.
- the photopolymerization initiator serves to initiate photopolymerization by absorbing light energy to generate radicals or cations, and an appropriate one may be selected and used according to the photopolymerization resin.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive may use conventional or later developed pressure-sensitive adhesives, and in one or more embodiments, acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives, rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, urethane-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, polyvinyl alcohol-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, polyvinylpyrrolidone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, poly Acrylamide-based adhesives, cellulose-based adhesives, vinylalkyl ether-based adhesives, and the like can be used.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive is not particularly limited as long as it has adhesive strength and viscoelasticity, but may be preferably an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive in terms of availability, etc., and includes, for example, a (meth)acrylate copolymer, a crosslinking agent, and a solvent. it may be
- the crosslinking agent may use conventional or later developed crosslinking agents, and may include, for example, polyisocyanate compounds, epoxy resins, melamine resins, urea resins, dialdehydes, methylol polymers, etc., preferably. It may contain a polyisocyanate compound.
- the solvent may include a common solvent used in the resin composition field, and examples thereof include alcohol-based compounds such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, and propylene glycol methoxy alcohol; ketone compounds such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone, and dipropyl ketone; acetate-based compounds such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and propylene glycol methoxy acetate; cellosolve compounds such as methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, and propyl cellosolve; Solvents such as hydrocarbon-based compounds such as hexane, heptane, benzene, toluene, and xylene may be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- alcohol-based compounds such as methanol,
- the thickness of the adhesive layer may be appropriately determined depending on the type of resin serving as the adhesive, adhesive strength, and the environment in which the adhesive is used.
- the adhesive layer may be 0.01 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably, in order to secure sufficient adhesive strength and minimize the thickness of the optical laminate. It may have a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the first polarizing plate 120-1 according to the embodiment of FIG. 5 includes a first polarizer 121-1, a first optical function film 122-1 and a first protective film 125-1
- the second polarizer 120-2 may include a second polarizer 121-2, a first optical function film 122-2, and a second protective film 125-2.
- the first protective film 125-1 or the second protective film 125-2 may be used to preserve polarization characteristics of the polarizer from post-processing and external environments.
- the protective film (125-1, 125-2), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene isophthalate (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (polyethylene naphthalate; PEN), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), diacetyl cellulose, triacetyl cellulose (TAC), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (polypropylene; PP), polymethyl acrylate (PMA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethyl acrylate (PEA), polyethyl methacrylate (PEMA) ) and cyclic olefin polymer (cyclic olefin polymer; COP) may include one or more selected from the group consisting of.
- the polarizer 120 may include a polarizer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 121 , a first protective layer 125 and a second protective layer 122 .
- the PVA 121 located at the center of the polarizer 120 is a material for implementing color and adjusting the transmission and direction of light, and may be provided as one embodiment of the polarizer described above.
- the first protective layer 125 is for protecting the PVA 121 and may be provided as one embodiment of the protective film described above.
- the above-described protective film may be applied, and for example, cellulose triacetate (TAC) or the like may be used.
- the second protective layer 122 may be provided in one embodiment of the retardation film that is the above-described optical function film.
- the second protective layer 122 may be applied with the above-described retardation film, and for example, a cyclic olefin polymer (COP) or the like may be used.
- the first protective layer 125 and the second protective layer 122 may be bonded to the PVA 121 using an adhesive 124 .
- the adhesive agent 124 is not particularly limited as long as it has appropriate adhesive strength, transparency, thermal stability, and the like, and may be, for example, substantially the same as the adhesive agent 124 of FIG. 4 described above.
- the bonding method of the PVA 121 and the first and second protective layers 125 and 122 using the adhesive 124 may be performed by a bonding method commonly used in the art.
- a bonding method commonly used in the art.
- the polarizer or protective layer A method of bonding by inserting a niprol or the like may be used.
- the optical laminate 700 includes a liquid crystal layer 110, a first polarizing plate 120-1, a second polarizing plate 120-2, a first transparent conductive layer 130-1, It may include two transparent conductive layers 130-2, and the first polarizer 120-1 includes a first polarizer 121-1, a first optical function film 122-1, and a refractive index control layer. (150-1), and the second polarizer 120-2 includes a second polarizer 121-2, a first optical function film 122-2, and a refractive index control layer 150-2. can do.
- the refractive index adjusting layers 150-1 and 150-2 are provided to compensate for a difference in transmittance of the optical laminate due to the first transparent conductive layer 130-1 or the second transparent conductive layer 130-2. As such, it may be to play a role for improving visibility characteristics and the like by reducing the difference in refractive index.
- the refractive index adjusting layers 150-1 and 150-2 are provided to correct the color caused by the first transparent conductive layer 130-1 or the second transparent conductive layer 130-2. can Meanwhile, when the first transparent conductive layer 130-1 or the second transparent conductive layer 130-2 has a pattern, the pattern is formed through the refractive index adjusting layers 150-1 and 150-2. A difference in transmittance between the patterned area and the non-patterned area may be compensated for.
- the first transparent conductive layer 130-1 or the second transparent conductive layer 130-2 is stacked adjacent to another member having a different refractive index from the first transparent conductive layer 130-1, and due to a difference in refractive index from the other adjacent layer, the light transmittance of Differences may occur, and in particular, when a pattern is formed on the first transparent conductive layer 130-1 or the second transparent conductive layer 130-2, a problem in that the pattern area and the non-pattern area can be distinguished may occur.
- the refractive index adjusting layers 150-1 and 150-2 are the polarizers 121-1 and 121-2 and the first transparent conductive layer 130-1 or the second transparent conductive layer 130-2. ) to compensate for the refractive index.
- the optical laminate 700 according to the embodiment of FIG. 7 includes first optical function films 122-1 and 122-2 and refractive index control layers 150-1 and 150-2 on polarizers 121-1 and 121-2. 2) is sequentially laminated in a multi-layer structure, but the positions of the optical function film and the refractive index control layers 150-1 and 150-2 are conventional in the art, including the case where a second optical function film is further included. It can be formed in various ways by the lamination method used.
- the transparent conductive layers 130-1 and 130-2 may be stacked.
- the refractive index control layers 150-1 and 150-2 can compensate for the difference in transmittance of the optical laminate and correct the color caused by the transparent conductive layers 130-1 and 130-2.
- the refractive index adjusting layers 150-1 and 150-2 may be formed on the protective layers of the polarizers 121-1 and 121-2.
- the refractive index adjusting layers 150-1 and 150-2 can reduce the difference in light transmittance of the optical laminate, and in particular, the first transparent conductive layer 130-1 or the second transparent conductive layer 130 In the case where a pattern is formed in -2), the pattern area and the non-pattern area are distinguished and not recognized.
- the refractive index of the refractive index adjusting layers 150-1 and 150-2 is greater than the refractive index of the protective layer included in the polarizers 120-1 and 120-2, and the transparent conductive layers 130-1 and 130-2 ) can be set in advance to be set below the refractive index of
- the refractive index may be appropriately selected depending on the materials of the polarizers 120-1 and 120-2 and the transparent conductive layers 130-1 and 130-2, but is preferably 1.4 to 2.6, more preferably, It may be 1.4 to 2.4.
- the refractive index control layers 150-1 and 150-2 can prevent a sharp refractive index difference between the polarizers 120-1 and 120-2 and the transparent conductive layers 140-1 and 140-2, It is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, formed from a composition for forming a refractive index control layer containing a polymerizable isocyanurate compound.
- the refractive index adjusting layers 150-1 and 150-2 may be laminated and formed by a method commonly used in the art, for example, a spin coating method, a roller coating method, a bar coating method, or a dip coating method.
- Coating processes such as a gravure coat method, a curtain coat method, a die coat method, a spray coat method, a doctor coat method, and a kneader coat method; printing processes such as screen printing, spray printing, inkjet printing, iron plate printing, intaglio printing, flat plate printing; and deposition processes such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD).
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- PECVD plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a light leakage test process and results of an optical laminate with variable transmittance according to a first optical function film according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a first optical function film 122-1 is laminated on a first polarizer 121-1 and another first optical function film 122-2 is laminated on a second polarizer 121-2, respectively.
- the first optical function films 122-1 and 122-2 used retardation films.
- the two first optical function films 122-1 and 122-2 were designed to have the same retardation, respectively.
- the results of measuring light leakage while changing the values of the in-plane retardation (R in ) and thickness direction retardation (R th ) of each of the first optical function films are shown in FIGS. 8B to 8Y.
- the in-plane retardation (R in ) effectively blocks light leakage passing through the variable transmittance laminate in the range of 40 nm to 100 nm and the thickness direction retardation (R th ) in the range of 120 nm to 210 nm. Therefore, it can be seen that transmitted light can be effectively controlled by adjusting the in-plane retardation and the thickness-direction retardation.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a light leakage test process and results of an optical laminate having variable transmittance according to a first optical function film and a second optical function film according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 9A a first optical function film 122-1 and a second optical function film 123-1 are provided on a first polarizer 121-1, and another first optical function film 122-1 is placed on a second polarizer 121-2.
- the first and second optical function films 122-1, 122-2, and 123-1 each use a retardation film.
- the two first optical function films 122-1 and 122-2 have an in-plane retardation (R in ) of 40 nm to 100 nm, which is an appropriate range shown in the embodiment of FIG. 8, and a thickness direction retardation (R th ) was used in the range of 120nm to 210nm retardation film.
- R in in-plane retardation
- R th thickness direction retardation
- variable transmittance optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention has no significant change in light transmittance under the first experimental condition (0V, that is, light transmission mode) in which voltage is not applied, but when voltage is applied In the second experimental condition (5V, that is, light blocking mode), it can be seen that the light leakage passing through the variable transmittance laminate is effectively blocked in the range of the thickness direction retardation of the second optical function film 123-1 in the range of 0 to 120 nm. .
- the present invention in addition to the variable transmittance optical laminate, includes a smart window including the same.
- the present invention includes a vehicle in which the smart window is applied to at least one or more of a front window, a rear window, a side window, a sunroof window, and an internal partition, and windows and doors for buildings including the smart window.
- the conductive layer is formed directly on one surface of the polarizing plate, and the thickness is significantly reduced compared to the conventional optical laminate by not including a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer. there is.
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Abstract
Description
도 8은, 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 제1 광학 기능 필름에 따른 투과율 가변 광학 적층체의 빛샘 실험 과정 및 결과를 나타내는 도이다. 도 8b 내지 8y의 결과는, 면내 위상차(Rin)가 40nm 내지 100nm 인 범위 및 두께 방향 위상차(Rth)가 120nm 내지 210nm인 범위에서 투과율 가변 적층체를 통과하는 빛샘을 효과적으로 차단함을 나타낸다.
도 9는, 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 제1 광학 기능 필름 및 제2 광학 기능 필름에 따른 투과율 가변 광학 적층체의 빛샘 실험 실험 과정 및 결과를 나타내는 도이다. 도 9b 내지 도 9g는, 두께 방향 위상차가 0 내지 120nm인 범위에서 투과율 가변 적층체를 통과하는 빛샘을 효과적으로 차단함을 나타낸다.
도 8은, 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 제1 광학 기능 필름에 따른 투과율 가변 광학 적층체의 빛샘 실험 과정 및 결과를 나타내는 도이다. 도 8a에 따르면, 제 1 편광자(121-1)에 제 1 광학 기능 필름(122-1)을, 제 2 편광자(121-2)에 또 다른 제 1 광학 기능 필름(122-2)을 각각 적층한 상태로, 상기 제 1 광학 기능 필름(122-1, 122-2)은 위상차 필름을 사용하였다. 이 때, 상기 두 개의 제 1 광학 기능 필름(122-1, 122-2)은 각각 위상차를 동일하게 설계하였다. 상기 각각의 제 1 광학 기능 필름의 면내 위상차(Rin) 및 두께 방향 위상차(Rth)의 값을 각각 변화시키면서, 빛샘 결과를 측정한 결과는, 도 8b 내지 도8y와 같다.
도 8b 내지 도 8y의 결과에 따르면, 면내 위상차(Rin)가 40nm 내지 100nm 인 범위 및 두께 방향 위상차(Rth)가 120nm 내지 210nm인 범위에서 투과율 가변 적층체를 통과하는 빛샘을 효과적으로 차단함을 알 수 있으며, 따라서, 면내 위상차 및 두께 방향 위상차를 조절함으로써, 투과되는 빛을 효과적으로 제어할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.
도 9는, 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 제1 광학 기능 필름 및 제 2 광학 기능 필름에 따른 투과율 가변 광학 적층체의 빛샘 실험 과정 및 결과를 나타내는 도이다. 도 9a에 따르면, 제 1 편광자(121-1)에 제 1 광학 기능 필름(122-1) 및 제 2 광학 기능 필름(123-1)을, 제 2 편광자(121-2)에 또 다른 제 1 광학 기능 필름(122-1)을 각각 적층한 상태로, 상기 제 1, 2 광학 기능 필름(122-1, 122-2, 123-1)은 각각 위상차 필름을 사용하였다. 이 때, 상기 두 개의 제 1 광학 기능 필름(122-1, 122-2)은 도 8의 실시예에서 나타난 적절한 범위인, 면내 위상차(Rin)가 40nm 내지 100nm 인 범위 및 두께 방향 위상차(Rth)가 120nm 내지 210nm인 범위인 위상차 필름을 사용하였다. 상기 제 1 광학 기능 필름(122-1, 122-2)의 위상차 값을 각각 고정한 상태에서, 제 2 광학 기능 필름(123-1)의 두께 방향 위상차를 변화 시키면서 빛샘 결과를 측정하였다. 이때, 전압 인가를 달리하여 측정된 결과는, 도 9b 내지 도 9g와 같다. 이 때, 제 2 광학 기능 필름(123-1)의 면내 위상차는 0 이상인 것으로 고정시켰다. 도 9b의 결과에 따르면, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 투과율 가변 광학 적층체는 전압이 인가되지 않는 제1 실험 조건(0V, 즉 광투과 모드)에서는 광투과율에 큰 변화가 없으나, 전압이 인가되는 제2 실험 조건(5V, 즉 광차단 모드)에서는 제 2 광학 기능 필름(123-1)의 두께 방향 위상차가 0 내지 120nm인 범위에서 투과율 가변 적층체를 통과하는 빛샘을 효과적으로 차단함을 알 수 있다.
Claims (19)
- 제1 편광판;상기 제 1 편광판의 일면 상에 형성되는, 제 1 투명 도전층;상기 제 1 편광판과 대향하는 제2 편광판;상기 제 2 편광판의 일면 상에 형성되고, 상기 제 1 투명 도전층과 대향하는 제 2 투명 도전층; 및상기 제 1 투명 도전층 및 상기 제 2 투명 도전층 사이에 구비되는, 액정층을 포함하며,상기 액정층은, TN (Twisted nematic) 모드로 구동되며,상기 제1 투명 도전층 및 제2 투명 도전층 중 적어도 하나의 투명 도전층은, 상기 제 1 편광판 또는 상기 제 2 편광판과 직접 접촉하여 형성되며,상기 제 1 편광판 및 상기 제 2 편광판 중 적어도 하나의 편광판은, 편광자 및 상기 편광자의 일면에 형성되는 제 1 광학 기능 필름을 포함하며,상기 제 1 광학 기능 필름은, 면내 위상차(Rin)가 40nm 내지 100nm이고, 두께 방향 위상차(Rth)가 120nm 내지 210nm인, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제 1 광학 기능 필름의 일면에 형성되는 제 2 광학 기능 필름을 더 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 2에 있어서, 상기 제 1 광학 기능 필름 및 제 2 광학 기능 필름 중 적어도 하나의 광학 기능 필름은 위상차 필름인, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 2에 있어서, 상기 제 2 광학 기능 필름은, x, y, z축 방향 각각에 대한 굴절율 nx, ny, nz이 nx=ny≥nz의 관계를 만족하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 2에 있어서, 상기 제 2 광학 기능 필름은, 두께 방향 위상차(Rth)가 0 내지 120nm인, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제 1 투명 도전층 및 제 2 투명 도전층 중 적어도 하나의 투명 도전층은, 상기 제 1 편광판 또는 제 2 편광판과 사이에 별도의 기재를 포함하지 않고, 상기 편광판과 직접 접촉하여 형성되는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제 1 투명 도전층 및 제 2 투명 도전층 중 적어도 하나의 투명 도전층은, 상기 제 1 편광판 또는 제 2 편광판과 사이에 접착 용이층을 더 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제 1 편광판 및 제 2 편광판 중 적어도 하나의 편광판은 적어도 하나 이상의 보호 필름을 더 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 8에 있어서, 상기 보호 필름은, 폴리에틸렌 테레프탈레이트(polyethylene terephthalate; PET), 폴리에틸렌 이소프탈레이트(polyethylene isophthalate; PEI), 폴리에틸렌 나프탈레이트(polyethylene naphthalate; PEN), 폴리부틸렌 테레프탈레이트(polybutylene terephthalate; PBT), 디아세틸 셀룰로오스(diacetyl cellulose), 트리아세틸 셀룰로오스(triacetyl cellulose; TAC), 폴리카보네이트(polycarbonate; PC), 폴리에틸렌(polyethylene; PE), 폴리프로필렌(polypropylene; PP), 폴리메틸 아크릴레이트(polymethyl acrylate; PMA), 폴리메틸 메타크릴레이트(polymethyl methacrylate; PMMA), 폴리에틸 아크릴레이트(polyethyl acrylate; PEA), 폴리에틸 메타크릴레이트(polyethyl methacrylate; PEMA) 및 환형 올레핀계 폴리머(cyclic olefin polymer; COP)로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1 편광판 및 제2 편광판 중 적어도 하나의 편광판은, 30㎛ 내지 200㎛의 두께를 갖는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1 투명 도전층 및 제2 투명 도전층 중 적어도 하나의 투명 도전층은, 투명 도전성 산화물, 금속, 탄소계 물질, 전도성 고분자, 도전성 잉크 및 나노 와이어로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 액정층은, 볼 스페이서 (Ball spacer) 및 컬럼 스페이서 (Column spacer)로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 12에 있어서, 상기 볼 스페이서(Ball spacer)는, 직경이 1㎛ 내지 10㎛인, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 12에 있어서, 상기 볼 스페이서(Ball spacer)의 액정층 내에서의 점유 면적은, 액정층 면적의 0.01% 내지 10%인, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 굴절율이 1.4 내지 2.6인 굴절율 조절층을 더 포함하는, 투과율 가변 광학 적층체.
- 청구항 1 내지 15 중 어느 한 항의 투과율 가변 광학 적층체의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1 내지 15 중 어느 한 항의 투과율 가변 광학 적층체를 포함하는, 스마트 윈도우.
- 청구항 17의 스마트 윈도우를 전면창, 후면창, 측면창, 썬루프창, 및 내부 칸막이 중 적어도 하나 이상에 적용한, 자동차.
- 청구항 17의 스마트 윈도우를 포함하는, 건물용 창호.
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KR20210000887A (ko) * | 2019-06-26 | 2021-01-06 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 액정셀 |
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KR20070094188A (ko) * | 2006-03-16 | 2007-09-20 | 비오이 하이디스 테크놀로지 주식회사 | 액정 표시 장치 |
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