WO2022262356A1 - 一种后处理混合器及发动机u型后处理*** - Google Patents

一种后处理混合器及发动机u型后处理*** Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022262356A1
WO2022262356A1 PCT/CN2022/083896 CN2022083896W WO2022262356A1 WO 2022262356 A1 WO2022262356 A1 WO 2022262356A1 CN 2022083896 W CN2022083896 W CN 2022083896W WO 2022262356 A1 WO2022262356 A1 WO 2022262356A1
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Prior art keywords
mixer
vortex
aftertreatment
post
gas flow
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PCT/CN2022/083896
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘强
张晓丽
胡晓艳
石代龙
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潍柴动力股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022262356A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022262356A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1486—Means to prevent the substance from freezing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of engine tail gas treatment, in particular to an aftertreatment mixer and a U-shaped engine aftertreatment system.
  • the post-treatment mixer (SCR mixer) is mainly used to improve the uniformity of mixing urea and exhaust gas and improve the conversion efficiency of NOx.
  • the current post-treatment mixer has the following disadvantages: under the action of the exhaust gas flow, some urea droplets in the urea spray are not easy to be atomized and decomposed, resulting in uneven mixing of the exhaust gas flow and the NH3 decomposed from the urea solution, and the mixed gas cannot be guaranteed.
  • Velocity uniformity The worse the NH 3 uniformity and velocity uniformity, the more urea injection required to completely convert NOx in the exhaust gas, and the easier it is for urea crystallization to occur at low exhaust temperature and low exhaust gas flow.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of aftertreatment mixer and engine aftertreatment system, can improve the exhaust gas flow at the entrance of SCR unit and NH 3 Mixing uniformity, mixed flow velocity Uniformity, reducing the amount of urea injection, effectively avoiding the phenomenon of urea crystallization when the exhaust temperature is low and the flow rate of exhaust gas is low.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a post-processing mixer, including a bracket, a vortex mixer installed on the upper end of the bracket, a vortex mixer installed on the lower end of the bracket and connected to the vortex A long-tube mixer connected to the swirl mixer and an equalizing orifice installed at the lower end of the support and positioned at the side of the long-tube mixer;
  • the vortex mixer includes a vortex-shaped body from the inside to the outside, and a vortex fluid channel is formed in the body, and the vortex fluid channel is used to guide the exhaust gas flow to spirally enter the vortex fluid channel from the outside
  • the central urea mixing area the lower end of the body is provided with a sealing plate, and the sealing plate is provided with a fluid outlet communicating with the central urea mixing area;
  • the long-tube mixer includes a tube body, and several exhaust holes are arranged on the peripheral wall of the lower end of the tube body.
  • the bracket includes a fixing plate, and the fixing plate is provided with a communication port for connecting the vortex mixer and the long tube mixer.
  • sealing plate around the fluid outlet is provided with a plurality of back pressure reducing holes.
  • the exhaust hole is a circular hole; or, the exhaust hole is a long strip hole extending along the axial direction of the pipe body.
  • the post-processing mixer includes a mixer housing with an open side and an end plate arranged at the open end of the mixer housing; the bracket, the vortex mixer, and the long tube mixing
  • the mixer and the equalizer orifice are both arranged in the mixer housing, and the mixer housing on the top of the vortex mixer is provided with a urea solution inlet corresponding to the central urea mixing zone;
  • the end plate is provided with a fluid inlet corresponding to the side of the vortex mixer and a fluid outlet corresponding to the uniform flow orifice.
  • a turbulent wave plate is provided inside the mixer housing below the pipe body.
  • the turbulent wave plate is provided with holes for reducing back pressure.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a U-shaped aftertreatment system for an engine, including a DOC unit, a DPF unit connected to the downstream end of the DOC unit, and an SCR unit; it also includes the above-mentioned aftertreatment mixer; the fluid inlet and the The DPF unit is connected, and the fluid outlet is connected to the SCR unit;
  • the DOC unit, the DPF unit, the aftertreatment mixer and the SCR unit are arranged in a U shape.
  • the post-processing mixer in the present invention comprises a support, a vortex mixer installed at the upper end of the support, a long tube mixer installed at the lower end of the support and communicated with the vortex mixer, and a long tube mixer installed at the lower end of the support and positioned at the side of the long tube mixer
  • the vortex mixer includes a vortex-shaped body from the inside to the outside, and a vortex fluid channel is formed in the body, and the vortex fluid channel is used to guide the exhaust gas flow from the outer spiral into the vortex fluid channel.
  • the long tube mixer includes a pipe body, and several exhaust holes are provided on the surrounding wall of the lower end of the pipe body.
  • the engine U-shaped aftertreatment system includes the above-mentioned aftertreatment mixer.
  • the vortex mixer at the upper end first guides the exhaust gas flow from the outer spiral into the central urea mixing area, avoiding the direct flow of the exhaust gas flow to the lower part, prolonging the contact time between the exhaust gas flow and the urea solution, and promoting the rapid evaporation, atomization and decomposition of the urea solution. Disturbance, the NH 3 atomized and decomposed by the urea solution is fully mixed with the exhaust gas flow, and it is easier to peel the urea solution from the wall of the body to prevent the formation of urea crystals.
  • the long-tube mixer at the lower end further extends the mixing area, increases the disturbance of the exhaust gas flow, increases the mixing time of the exhaust gas flow and NH 3 , and further improves the uniformity of mixing of NH 3 and exhaust gas flow at the entrance of the SCR unit.
  • the setting of the uniform flow orifice and the exhaust hole on the long tube mixer is beneficial to improve the uniformity of the mixed air velocity at the inlet of the SCR unit.
  • the present invention can improve the uniformity of the exhaust gas flow mixed with NH3 at the inlet of the SCR unit, the uniformity of the mixed flow velocity, reduce the amount of urea injection, and effectively avoid the phenomenon of urea crystallization when the exhaust temperature is low and the flow rate of the exhaust gas is low. .
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of aftertreatment mixer of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the structure of Figure 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the structural diagram of support, vortex mixer, long pipe mixer and equal flow orifice among Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the vortex mixer in Fig. 3 from another perspective;
  • Fig. 5 is the top view of Fig. 3 vortex mixer
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the engine aftertreatment system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a sectional view of Fig. 6;
  • this embodiment discloses a post-processing mixer b, which specifically includes a support 1, a vortex mixer 2 installed on the upper end of the support 1, and a vortex mixer installed on the lower end of the support 1 and mixed with the vortex
  • the long tube mixer 3 communicated with the device 2 and the flow equalizing orifice 4 installed at the lower end of the support 1 and at the side of the long tube mixer 3 .
  • the vortex mixer 2 includes a vortex-shaped body 21 from the inside to the outside (it can be formed by bending and winding a sheet, or a plurality of sheets can be welded from end to end according to the set vortex line), the body 21 Along the axial extension of the long tube mixer 3, a vortex fluid channel 22 is formed in the body 21, and the vortex fluid channel 22 is used to guide the waste gas flow to spirally enter the central urea mixing area 23 of the vortex fluid channel 22 from the outside; the body 21 The lower end is provided with a sealing plate 24, and the sealing plate 24 is provided with a fluid outlet 25 communicated with the central urea mixing zone 23; the long tube mixer 3 includes a tube body 31, and the lower end peripheral wall of the tube body 31 is provided with several exhaust holes 32.
  • the waste gas flow enters the vortex mixer 2 from the side, and under the guidance of the vortex fluid channel 22, enters the central urea mixing zone 23 of the vortex fluid channel 22, so as to be fully mixed with the urea solution.
  • the mixed airflow discharged through the exhaust hole 32 passes through the equalizing orifice plate 4 and then enters the SCR unit.
  • the vent hole 32 in this embodiment is a circular hole, and in some embodiments, the vent hole 32 is a strip-shaped hole extending along the axial direction of the pipe body 31 .
  • the bracket 1 includes a fixing plate 11 , and the fixing plate 11 is provided with a communication port 12 for connecting the vortex mixer 2 and the long tube mixer 3 .
  • this embodiment can choose to set several back pressure reducing holes a on the inner peripheral wall or/and outer peripheral wall of the body 21;
  • the sealing plate 24 is provided with a plurality of back pressure reducing holes a.
  • the shape of the back pressure reducing hole a is not unique, it can be a circular hole, a waist hole or a long hole, etc.; the setting position and number of the back pressure reducing hole a are not limited, as long as it can reduce the back pressure A smooth flow of exhaust air is sufficient.
  • the shape of the equalizing orifice 4 is not unique, it can be circular, semicircular or square, etc., and the shape of the through hole on the equalizing orifice 4 is not unique, it can be a circular hole, a waist-shaped hole or a long hole. strip holes etc.
  • the post-processing mixer b in the present embodiment also includes a side open mixer housing 5 and an end plate 6 arranged at the open end of the mixer housing 5;
  • the device 3 and the flow equalizing orifice 4 are all arranged in the mixer housing 5, and the top of the mixer housing 5 (that is, the mixer housing 5 at the top of the vortex mixer 2) is provided with a corresponding communication with the central urea mixing zone 23.
  • the urea solution inlet 51; the end plate 6 is provided with a fluid inlet 61 corresponding to the side of the vortex mixer 2, and a fluid outlet 62 corresponding to the uniform flow orifice 4.
  • a turbulent wave plate 52 is provided in the mixer housing 5 below the pipe body 31, which is used to control the exhaust gas flow flowing out through the lower port of the pipe body 31. buffer guide.
  • the turbulent wave plate 52 is provided with a back pressure reducing hole a to ensure the smoothness of the exhaust gas flow.
  • the vortex flow channel 22 in the vortex mixer 2 of the upper end guides the waste gas flow to enter the central urea mixing zone 23 by the outer spiral, avoids the waste gas flow to flow directly to the bottom, prolongs the waste gas flow and the urea solution (enters the center vertically through the urea solution inlet 51)
  • the contact time of the urea mixing zone 23) promotes the rapid evaporation, atomization and decomposition of the urea solution, and the violent disturbance caused by the spiral exhaust gas flow makes the NH3 atomized and decomposed by the urea solution fully mixed with the exhaust gas flow, and it is easier to transfer the urea solution from the body 21 Peel off the surrounding wall to prevent the formation of urea crystals.
  • the long tube mixer 3 at the lower end can further extend the mixing area, increase the disturbance of the exhaust gas flow, increase the mixing time of the exhaust gas flow and NH 3 , and further improve the uniformity of mixing of NH 3 and exhaust gas flow at the entrance of the SCR unit.
  • the setting of the equalizing orifice plate 4 and the exhaust hole 32 on the long tube mixer 3 is beneficial to improve the uniformity of the mixed air velocity at the inlet of the SCR unit.
  • this embodiment discloses a U-shaped aftertreatment system for an engine, including a DOC unit 7, a DPF unit 8 connected to the downstream end of the DOC unit 7, and an SCR unit 9;
  • DOC unit 7, DPF unit 8, post-processing mixer b and the SCR unit 9 are arranged in a U-shape.
  • the present invention can improve the mixing uniformity of exhaust gas flow and NH 3 at the inlet of SCR unit, the uniformity of mixed flow velocity, reduce the injection amount of urea, and effectively avoid the phenomenon of urea crystallization at low exhaust temperature and low exhaust gas flow rate.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种后处理混合器，包括支架（1），设于支架上端的涡旋混合器（2）、设于支架下端且与涡旋混合器连通的长管混合器(3)和设于支架下端且位于长管混合器侧部的均流孔板（4）；涡旋混合器包括由内而外呈涡旋状的本体（21）和设于本体下端的封板（24），本体内形成有涡旋流体通道（22），涡旋流体通道用于引导废气流由外螺旋进入其中心尿素混合区（23）；封板上设有与中心尿素混合区连通的流体出口（25）；长管混合器包括周壁上设有排气孔（32）的管体（31）。后处理混合器可提高废气流与NH 3混合的均匀性、混合气流速度的均匀性，减少尿素喷射量，有效避免低排温低废气流量时易出现尿素结晶的现象。还提供了一种发动机U型后处理***。

Description

一种后处理混合器及发动机U型后处理***
本申请要求于2021年06月18日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110677711.2、发明名称为“一种后处理混合器及发动机U型后处理***”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于发动机尾气处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种后处理混合器及发动机U型后处理***。
背景技术
后处理混合器(SCR混合器)主要用于改善尿素与废气混合的均匀性，提高NOx转化效率。目前的后处理混合器存在以下弊端：在废气流的作用下，尿素喷束中的部分尿素液滴不易雾化分解，导致废气流与尿素液分解的NH 3混合不均匀，且无法保证混合气体速度的均匀性；NH 3均匀性和速度均匀性越差，将废气中的NOx完全转化所需的尿素喷射量越多，越容易在低排温低废气流量时出现尿素结晶问题。
发明内容
旨在克服上述现有技术中存在的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种后处理混合器及发动机后处理***，可提高SCR单元入口处废气流与NH 3混合的均匀性、混合气流速度的均匀性，减少尿素喷射量，有效避免低排温低废气流量时易出现尿素结晶的现象。
为解决上述现有技术中存在的问题，本发明实施例提供了一种后处理混合器，包括支架，安装在所述支架上端的涡旋混合器、安装在所述支架下端且与所述涡旋混合器连通的长管混合器和安装在所述支架下端且位于所述长管混合器侧部的均流孔板；
所述涡旋混合器包括由内而外呈涡旋状的本体，所述本体内形成有涡旋流体通道，所述涡旋流体通道用于引导废气流由外侧螺旋进入所述涡旋流体通道的中心尿素混合区；所述本体的下端设有封板，所述封板上设有与所述中心尿 素混合区连通的流体出口；
所述长管混合器包括管体，所述管体的下端周壁上设有若干个排气孔。
进一步，所述支架包括固定板，所述固定板上设有用于使所述涡旋混合器和所述长管混合器连通的连通口。
进一步，所述本体的内层周壁或/和外层周壁上设有若干个降背压孔。
进一步，所述流体出口周围的所述封板上设有多个降背压孔。
进一步，所述排气孔为圆形孔；或者，所述排气孔为沿所述管体的轴向延伸的长条形孔。
进一步，所述后处理混合器包括侧部敞口的混合器壳体和设置于所述混合器壳体的敞口端的端板；所述支架、所述涡旋混合器、所述长管混合器和所述均流孔板均设置于所述混合器壳体内，所述涡旋混合器顶部的所述混合器壳体上设有与所述中心尿素混合区对应连通的尿素溶液入口；
所述端板上设有与所述涡旋混合器的侧部相对应的流体入口、与所述均流孔板相对应的流体出口。
进一步，所述管体下方的所述混合器壳体内设有扰流波浪板。
进一步，所述扰流波浪板上设有降背压孔。
本发明实施例还提供了一种发动机U型后处理***，包括DOC单元、连接于所述DOC单元下游端的DPF单元、SCR单元；还包括上述的后处理混合器；所述流体入口与所述DPF单元连接，所述流体出口与所述SCR单元连接；
所述DOC单元、所述DPF单元、所述后处理混合器和所述SCR单元成U字形布置。
由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明取得的有益效果如下：
本发明中的后处理混合器，包括支架，安装在支架上端的涡旋混合器、安装在支架下端且与涡旋混合器连通的长管混合器和安装在支架下端且位于长管混合器侧部的均流孔板；涡旋混合器包括由内而外呈涡旋状的本体，本体内形成有涡旋流体通道，涡旋流体通道用于引导废气流由外侧螺旋进入涡旋流体通道的中心尿素混合区；本体的下端设有封板，封板上设有与中心尿素混合区连通的流体出口；长管混合器包括管体，管体的下端周壁上设有若干个排气孔。发动机U型后处理***包括上述后处理混合器。
上端的涡旋混合器首先引导废气流由外螺旋进入中心尿素混合区，避免废气流直接流向下部，延长废气流与尿素溶液接触时间，促进尿素溶液快速蒸发雾化分解，螺旋废气流造成的剧烈扰动，使尿素溶液雾化分解的NH 3与废气流充分混合、且更容易将尿素液从本体的壁上剥离，防止尿素结晶生成。下端的长管混合器进一步延长混合区域，增大废气流扰动、增加废气流与NH 3混合时间、进一步提高SCR单元入口处NH 3与废气流混合的均匀性。均流孔板和长管混合器上排气孔的设置有利于提升SCR单元入口处混合气流速度的均匀性。
综上所述，本发明可提高SCR单元入口处废气流与NH 3混合的均匀性、混合气流速度的均匀性，减少尿素喷射量，有效避免低排温低废气流量时易出现尿素结晶的现象。
附图说明
图1是本发明后处理混合器的结构示意图；
图2是图1的结构分解图；
图3是图2中支架、涡旋混合器、长管混合器和均流孔板的结构图；
图4是图3中涡旋混合器另一视角下的结构示意图；
图5是图3涡旋混合器的俯视图；
图6是本发明发动机后处理***的结构示意图；
图7是图6的剖视图；
图中：1-支架，11-固定板，12-连通口，2-涡旋混合器，21-本体，22-涡旋流体通道，23-中心尿素混合区，24-封板，25-流体出口，3-长管混合器，31-管体，32-排气孔，4-均流孔板，5-混合器壳体，51-尿素溶液入口，52-扰流波浪板，6-端板，61-流体入口，62-流体出口，7-DOC单元，8-DPF单元，9-SCR单元，a-降背压孔，b-后处理混合器。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例一：
由图1至图5共同所示，本实施例公开了一种后处理混合器b，具体包括支架1，安装在支架1上端的涡旋混合器2、安装在支架1下端且与涡旋混合器2连通的长管混合器3和安装在支架1下端且位于长管混合器3侧部的均流孔板4。其中，涡旋混合器2包括由内而外呈涡旋状的本体21(可由一张板材弯曲卷绕形成，也可有多个板材按照设定的涡旋线首尾依次焊接形成)，本体21沿长管混合器3的轴向延伸，本体21内形成有涡旋流体通道22，涡旋流体通道22用于引导废气流由外侧螺旋进入涡旋流体通道22的中心尿素混合区23；本体21的下端设有封板24，封板24上设有与中心尿素混合区23连通的流体出口25；长管混合器3包括管体31，管体31的下端周壁上设有若干个排气孔32。
废气流从侧部进入涡旋混合器2，并在涡旋流体通道22的引导下，进入涡旋流体通道22的中心尿素混合区23、便于与尿素溶液进行充分混合。
经排气孔32排出的混合气流通过均流孔板4后进入SCR单元。
本实施例中的排气孔32为圆形孔，有些实施例中，排气孔32为沿管体31的轴向延伸的长条形孔。
本实施例中，支架1包括固定板11，固定板11上设有用于使涡旋混合器2和长管混合器3连通的连通口12。
为了降低背压，确保废气流流动的顺畅性；本实施例可选择在本体21的内层周壁或/和外层周壁上设置若干个降背压孔a；也可选择在流体出口25周围的封板24上设有多个降背压孔a。其中，降背压孔a的形状不唯一，可以是圆形孔、腰形孔或长条孔等；降背压孔a的设置位置和数量也不限，只要能起到降低背压，保证废气流顺畅流动即可。
其中，均流孔板4的形状不唯一，可以使圆形、半圆形或方形等，均流孔板4上的过孔的形状也不唯一，可以是圆形孔、腰形孔或长条孔等。
本实施例中的后处理混合器b还包括侧部敞口的混合器壳体5和设置于混合器壳体5的敞口端的端板6；支架1、涡旋混合器2、长管混合器3和均流孔板4均设置于混合器壳体5内，混合器壳体5的顶部(即涡旋混合器2顶部的混合器壳体5)设有与中心尿素混合区23对应连通的尿素溶液入口51；端 板6上设有与涡旋混合器2的侧部相对应的流体入口61、与均流孔板4相对应的流体出口62。
为了进一步提高NH 3与废气流混合的均匀性，本实施例中，管体31下方的混合器壳体5内设有扰流波浪板52，用于对经管体31下端口流出的废气流进行缓冲导向。扰流波浪板52上设有降背压孔a，确保废气流流动的顺畅性。
基于上述结构的描述，下面对本实施例的工作原理进行说明；
上端的涡旋混合器2中的涡旋流体通道22引导废气流由外侧螺旋进入中心尿素混合区23，避免废气流直接流向下部，延长废气流与尿素溶液(经尿素溶液入口51竖直进入中心尿素混合区23)的接触时间，促进尿素溶液快速蒸发雾化分解，螺旋废气流造成的剧烈扰动，使尿素溶液雾化分解的NH 3与废气流充分混合、且更容易将尿素溶液从本体21的周壁上剥离，防止尿素结晶生成。另，下端的长管混合器3可进一步延长混合区域，增大废气流扰动、增加废气流与NH 3混合时间、进一步提高SCR单元入口处NH 3与废气流混合的均匀性。均流孔板4和长管混合器3上排气孔32的设置有利于提升SCR单元入口处混合气流速度的均匀性。
实施例二：
由图6和图7共同所示，本实施例公开了一种发动机U型后处理***，包括DOC单元7、连接于DOC单元7下游端的DPF单元8、SCR单元9；还包括实施例一公开的后处理混合器b；所述流体入口61与所述DPF单元8的下游端连接，流体出口62与SCR单元的上游端(入口)连接；DOC单元7、DPF单元8、后处理混合器b和SCR单元9成U字形布置。
具体原理参见实施例一，在此不做赘述。
本说明书中，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
总之，本发明可提高SCR单元入口处废气流与NH 3混合的均匀性、混合气流速度的均匀性，减少尿素喷射量，有效避免低排温低废气流量时易出现尿素结晶的现象。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种后处理混合器，其特征在于，包括支架，安装在所述支架上端的涡旋混合器、安装在所述支架下端且与所述涡旋混合器连通的长管混合器和安装在所述支架下端且位于所述长管混合器侧部的均流孔板；
    所述涡旋混合器包括由内而外呈涡旋状的本体，所述本体内形成有涡旋流体通道，所述涡旋流体通道用于引导废气流由外侧螺旋进入所述涡旋流体通道的中心尿素混合区；所述本体的下端设有封板，所述封板上设有与所述中心尿素混合区连通的流体出口；
    所述长管混合器包括管体，所述管体的下端周壁上设有若干个排气孔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的后处理混合器，其特征在于，所述支架包括固定板，所述固定板上设有用于使所述涡旋混合器和所述长管混合器连通的连通口。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的后处理混合器，其特征在于，所述本体的内层周壁或/和外层周壁上设有若干个降背压孔。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的后处理混合器，其特征在于，所述流体出口周围的所述封板上设有多个降背压孔。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的后处理混合器，其特征在于，所述排气孔为圆形孔；或者，所述排气孔为沿所述管体的轴向延伸的长条形孔。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的后处理混合器，其特征在于，所述后处理混合器包括侧部敞口的混合器壳体和设置于所述混合器壳体的敞口端的端板；所述支架、所述涡旋混合器、所述长管混合器和所述均流孔板均设置于所述混合器壳体内，所述涡旋混合器顶部的所述混合器壳体上设有与所述中心尿素混合区对应连通的尿素溶液入口；
    所述端板上设有与所述涡旋混合器的侧部相对应的流体入口、与所述均流孔板相对应的流体出口。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的后处理混合器，其特征在于，所述管体下方的所述混合器壳体内设有扰流波浪板。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的后处理混合器，其特征在于，所述扰流波浪板 上设有降背压孔。
  9. 一种发动机U型后处理***，包括DOC单元、连接于所述DOC单元下游端的DPF单元、SCR单元；其特征在于，还包括权利要求6-8任一项所述的后处理混合器；所述流体入口与所述DPF单元连接，所述流体出口与所述SCR单元连接；
    所述DOC单元、所述DPF单元、所述后处理混合器和所述SCR单元成U字形布置。
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