WO2022259973A1 - Battery abnormality detecting device, and battery abnormality detecting method - Google Patents

Battery abnormality detecting device, and battery abnormality detecting method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022259973A1
WO2022259973A1 PCT/JP2022/022607 JP2022022607W WO2022259973A1 WO 2022259973 A1 WO2022259973 A1 WO 2022259973A1 JP 2022022607 W JP2022022607 W JP 2022022607W WO 2022259973 A1 WO2022259973 A1 WO 2022259973A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
impedance
reference range
abnormality detection
detection device
Prior art date
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PCT/JP2022/022607
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
章 河邉
仁 小林
圭一 藤井
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ヌヴォトンテクノロジージャパン株式会社
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Publication date
Application filed by ヌヴォトンテクノロジージャパン株式会社 filed Critical ヌヴォトンテクノロジージャパン株式会社
Priority to CN202280039092.7A priority Critical patent/CN117396769A/en
Priority to JP2023527836A priority patent/JPWO2022259973A1/ja
Priority to EP22820154.7A priority patent/EP4354164A1/en
Publication of WO2022259973A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022259973A1/en
Priority to US18/526,679 priority patent/US20240110992A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a battery abnormality detection device and a battery abnormality detection method.
  • HEVs Hybrid Electric Vehicles
  • EVs Electric Vehicles
  • a secondary battery as a power source
  • a lithium-ion battery LiB
  • a battery management system BMS is used to safely use the secondary battery.
  • Patent Document 1 describes the use of an AC impedance method in which voltage and current are measured while an AC signal is swept through the battery in order to measure the temperature inside the battery.
  • An object of the present disclosure is to provide a battery state detection device and a battery abnormality detection method that can realize highly accurate battery abnormality detection.
  • a battery abnormality detection device includes an AC impedance measurement unit that measures AC impedance of a battery cell, and determines whether the AC impedance is included in a reference range, and determines whether the AC impedance is within the reference range. and an abnormality determination unit that determines that the battery cell is an abnormal cell when the battery cell is not included in the cell.
  • the present disclosure can provide a battery abnormality detection device and a battery abnormality detection method that can realize highly accurate battery abnormality detection.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery abnormality detection system according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. FIG. 2 is a flowchart of battery abnormality detection processing according to the first embodiment.
  • 3 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the battery according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the AC impedance of the battery according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between changes in AC impedance of the battery and deterioration of the battery according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an abnormality determination unit according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of abnormal cell determination processing according to the second embodiment.
  • 10 is a block diagram of an abnormality determination unit according to Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of temperature dependence of AC impedance according to the third embodiment.
  • 12 is a diagram showing the appearance of a battery according to Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the internal temperature of the battery during thermal equilibrium according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the internal temperature of the battery during thermal non-equilibrium according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the appearance of the assembled battery according to Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the internal temperature of the assembled battery during thermal equilibrium according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the internal temperature of the assembled battery during thermal non-equilibrium according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart of battery abnormality detection processing according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 19 is a flowchart of battery abnormality detection processing according to the third embodiment.
  • 20 is a block diagram of an abnormality determination unit according to Embodiment 4.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an outline of a battery abnormality detection system according to Embodiment 4.
  • the BMS monitors the voltage, current, and temperature of all battery cells included in the assembled battery, and uses these measurement data to monitor the state of the battery.
  • the current of all battery cells can be uniformly obtained by monitoring the charge/discharge current of the entire assembled battery.
  • the temperatures of all battery cells are acquired by placing a thermistor for measurement in the assembled battery.
  • an estimated value is usually taken in consideration of the temperature distribution and the like.
  • a battery abnormality detection device includes an AC impedance measurement unit that measures AC impedance of a battery cell, and determines whether the AC impedance is included in a reference range, and determines whether the AC impedance is within the reference range. and an abnormality determination unit that determines that the battery cell is an abnormal cell when the battery cell is not included in the cell.
  • the battery abnormality detection device can detect battery cell abnormality using the AC impedance value itself. As a result, the battery abnormality detection device can realize highly accurate battery abnormality detection.
  • the AC impedance measurement unit measures the AC impedance of each of a plurality of directly connected battery cells, including the battery cell, and the abnormality determination unit determines the reference from the plurality of measured AC impedances.
  • a range may be calculated, it may be determined whether each of the plurality of AC impedances is included in the reference range, and a battery cell whose AC impedance is not included in the reference range may be determined as an abnormal cell.
  • the abnormality determination unit excludes the maximum value and the minimum value from the plurality of measured AC impedances, calculates the average value of the plurality of AC impedances after the exclusion, and based on the average value
  • the reference range may be calculated.
  • the battery abnormality detection device further includes a storage unit that stores AC impedance measured in the past, and the abnormality determination unit determines the reference range based on the AC impedance measured in the past. good too.
  • the abnormality determination unit determines, as the reference range, a range corresponding to the first battery state of the current battery cell from a plurality of ranges previously associated with a plurality of first battery states.
  • One battery state may include at least one of temperature, voltage, and SOC (State of Charge) of the battery cell.
  • the battery abnormality detection device may further include a communication unit that communicates with a server device via a communication network, and the reference range may be obtained from the server device.
  • the AC impedance measurement unit may measure the AC impedance when the battery cell is in thermal equilibrium.
  • the AC impedance measuring unit measures the AC impedance when the battery cell is in a predetermined second battery state, and the second battery state is the temperature, voltage, and SOC (State of Charge).
  • a battery abnormality detection method measures the AC impedance of a battery cell, determines whether the AC impedance is included in the reference range, and if the AC impedance is not included in the reference range , the battery cell is determined to be an abnormal cell.
  • the battery abnormality detection method can detect battery cell abnormality using the AC impedance value itself.
  • the battery abnormality detection device can realize highly accurate battery abnormality detection.
  • each figure is a schematic diagram and is not necessarily strictly illustrated. Moreover, in each figure, the same code
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery abnormality detection system 200 according to this embodiment.
  • the assembled battery 101 includes a plurality of batteries B1 to B8 (hereinafter, any one of the batteries B1 to B8 is referred to as a battery B).
  • Battery B is, in other words, a battery cell.
  • Battery B is specifically a lithium ion battery, but may be another battery such as a nickel metal hydride battery.
  • the assembled battery 101 functions as a power source for the load 102 and supplies power to the load 102 .
  • the load 102 is, for example, an EV motor, but is not particularly limited.
  • a charging device for charging the assembled battery 101 may be connected to the position of the load 102 instead of the load 102 .
  • the battery abnormality detection system 200 includes a relay 103, a transistor 104, a reference resistor 105, a load resistance 106, a temperature sensor 107, a battery abnormality detection device 100, and a host controller 130.
  • the relay 103 is connected between the assembled battery 101 and the load 102 .
  • the transistor 104 is, for example, an FET (Field Effect Transistor), but may be a bipolar transistor.
  • the drain of transistor 104 is connected to load resistor 106 , the source of transistor 104 is connected to reference resistor 105 , and the gate (ie, control terminal) of transistor 104 is connected to signal generator 114 .
  • the battery abnormality detection device 100 is included in the BMS, for example.
  • the battery abnormality detection device 100 includes an AC impedance measurement section 110 , an abnormality determination section 120 , a control section 121 and a communication section 122 .
  • the battery abnormality detection device 100 is composed of one or more integrated circuits.
  • the functions of the abnormality determination unit 120 and the control unit 121 may be realized by a processor executing a program, may be realized by a dedicated circuit, or may be realized by a combination thereof.
  • the AC impedance measurement unit 110 measures the AC impedances Z1 to Z8 of the assembled battery 101.
  • Abnormality determination unit 120 detects an abnormality in each of the plurality of batteries B included in assembled battery 101 using AC impedances Z1 to Z8.
  • the AC impedance measurement unit 110 includes a temperature measurement unit 111, a current measurement unit 113, a signal generation unit 114, a voltage measurement unit 115, a timing generation unit 117, and an AC impedance calculation unit 118.
  • the temperature measurement unit 111 measures the temperature Temp of the temperature sensor 107 .
  • the temperature sensor 107 is, for example, a temperature sensor using a thermistor, but may be a temperature sensor using other elements such as a thermocouple.
  • the current measurement unit 113 measures the current Iac flowing through the reference resistor 105 . Specifically, the current measurement unit 113 measures the current Iac by measuring the voltage across the reference resistor 105 .
  • the signal generator 114 applies a control signal to the control terminal of the transistor 104 . This control signal can be set to an arbitrary frequency, and is characterized by applying an AC signal to a closed circuit composed of the assembled battery 101 , the load resistor 106 , the transistor 104 and the reference resistor 105 .
  • the voltage measurement unit 115 measures the voltages V1 to V8 of the batteries B1 to B8 that make up the assembled battery 101.
  • the voltage measurement unit 115 includes multiple AD converters.
  • the timing generator 117 controls current and voltage measurement timings in the current measurement unit 113 and the voltage measurement unit 115 .
  • the AC impedance calculation unit 118 calculates the AC impedances Z1 to Z8 of the batteries B1 to B8 based on the current Iac measured by the current measurement unit 113 and the voltages V1 to V8 measured by the voltage measurement unit 115. Specifically, AC impedance calculator 118 calculates AC impedance Zn of battery Bn by dividing voltage Vn by current Iac. where n is 1-8. Each AC impedance is complex and has a real component Zre and an imaginary component Zim.
  • the abnormality determination unit 120 detects abnormal cells from a plurality of batteries B using AC impedances Z1 to Z8. In other words, the abnormality determination unit 120 determines whether or not each of the plurality of batteries B is an abnormal cell.
  • an abnormal cell is a battery cell that is not in a normal state, for example, a battery cell that needs to be replaced. Further, the abnormality determination unit 120 notifies the upper control unit 130 of the determination result via the control unit 121 and the communication unit 122 .
  • the control unit 121 controls the AC impedance measurement unit 110 and the like.
  • the communication unit 122 performs communication between the battery abnormality detection device 100 and the host control unit 130 .
  • the host controller 130 controls the entire battery pack. For example, in the case of in-vehicle installation, the host controller 130 may control the vehicle.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of battery abnormality detection processing by the battery abnormality detection device 100 .
  • AC impedance measuring section 110 measures AC impedances Z1 to Z8 (S101).
  • the signal generator 114 generates a control signal having multiple frequency components and applies the generated control signal to the control terminal of the transistor 104 .
  • current measuring section 113 measures current Iac flowing through reference resistor 105 .
  • voltage measurement unit 115 measures voltages V1 to V8 of batteries B1 to B8.
  • AC impedance calculator 118 calculates AC impedances Z1 to Z8 of batteries B1 to B8 based on the measured current Iac and the measured voltages V1 to V8.
  • the AC impedance calculator 118 converts the current Iac into a complex current, and converts the voltages V1 to V8 into complex voltages.
  • the AC impedance calculator 118 performs the averaging process of the complex current and the averaging process of the complex voltage, and calculates the AC impedance by dividing the complex voltage after the averaging process by the complex current after the averaging process.
  • the impedance real part Z1re and the impedance imaginary part Z1im are output as the AC impedance of the battery B1.
  • the AC impedance calculation unit 118 may correct the AC impedance based on the temperature Temp measured by the temperature measurement unit 111 .
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a battery model, which is an equivalent circuit of battery B.
  • the battery B has a circuit configuration in which a resistor R0, a parallel-connected resistor R1 and a capacitive element C1, and a parallel-connected resistor R2 and a capacitive element C2 are connected in series.
  • the battery model is represented by three resistors and two capacities is shown here, the number of resistors and the number of capacities are not limited to this.
  • a battery model may be represented by four or more resistors and three or more capacities.
  • the numbers of resistors and capacitors may be the same or different.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the AC impedance of Battery B.
  • FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram called a Cole-Cole plot, also called a Nyquist plot.
  • the characteristics of region A shown in FIG. 3 depend on R0 shown in FIG. 3, the characteristics of region B depend on R1 and C1, and the characteristics of region C depend on R2 and C2.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between changes in AC impedance of battery B and deterioration of battery B.
  • the AC impedance of battery B has an initial characteristic indicated by a solid line in FIG.
  • the electrode performance of battery B deteriorates
  • the AC impedance of battery B changes to the characteristic indicated by the dashed line in FIG.
  • the electrolyte performance of Battery B deteriorates
  • the AC impedance of Battery B changes to the characteristic indicated by the dashed line in FIG.
  • the abnormality determination unit 120 uses the AC impedances Z1 to Z8 to determine whether each of the plurality of batteries B is an abnormal cell.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the abnormality determination section 120. As shown in FIG. Abnormality determination unit 120 includes input unit 201 , comparison unit 202 , determination unit 203 , input/output unit 204 , and reference range calculation unit 205 .
  • the input unit 201 acquires and holds the AC impedances Z1 to Z8 of each battery B.
  • Reference range calculator 205 calculates a reference range using AC impedances Z1 to Z8. Comparing section 202 compares AC impedances Z1 to Z8 with a reference range, and determines whether AC impedances Z1 to Z8 are included in the reference range.
  • the determination unit 203 determines that the battery B, whose AC impedance is not within the reference range, is an abnormal cell.
  • the input/output unit 204 outputs the determination result of the determination unit 203 to the control unit 121 .
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a specific example of abnormal cell determination processing.
  • the reference range calculator 205 calculates a reference range (S102). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the reference range calculator 205 excludes the maximum value (Z4) and the minimum value (Z7) from the AC impedances Z1 to Z8. Next, the reference range calculator 205 calculates the average value of the AC impedances (Z1, Z2, Z3, Z5, Z6, Z8) after exclusion as a reference value.
  • the reference range calculator 205 may use the average value of all the AC impedances Z1 to Z8 as the reference value without excluding the maximum and minimum values.
  • the reference range calculation unit 205 excludes N AC impedances from the side with the largest value from the plurality of AC impedances, and excludes M AC impedances from the side with the smallest value, and the AC after exclusion
  • An average impedance value may be calculated as a reference value.
  • N and M are arbitrary natural numbers.
  • N and M may be the same value or may be different values.
  • a median value or the like may be used instead of the average value.
  • the reference range calculator 205 determines the reference range based on the reference value.
  • the reference range is the reference value ⁇ X%.
  • X is about 30 to 100, for example.
  • the upper limit of the reference range may be defined as the average value + ⁇
  • the lower limit of the reference range may be defined as the average value ⁇ .
  • ⁇ and ⁇ are predetermined values.
  • ⁇ and ⁇ may be the same value or may be different values.
  • the comparison unit 202 selects an AC impedance to be processed (S103), and determines whether or not the AC impedance to be processed is included in the reference range (S104). In other words, comparison section 202 determines whether the difference between the AC impedance and the reference value is less than a predetermined value.
  • the determination unit 203 determines that the battery B to be processed corresponding to the AC impedance to be processed is a normal cell (S105). On the other hand, when the AC impedance to be processed is not included in the reference range (No in S104), determination unit 203 determines that battery B to be processed is an abnormal cell (S106).
  • battery B4 is determined to be an abnormal cell because AC impedance Z4 is not included in the reference range.
  • the other batteries B1-3 and 5-8 are determined to be normal cells.
  • the determination processing for each battery B is performed sequentially has been described, the determination processing for a plurality of batteries B may be performed in parallel.
  • the input/output unit 204 outputs the determination result to the control unit 121 (S108). This determination result is notified to the upper control unit 130 via the control unit 121 and the communication unit 122 .
  • the host control unit 130 displays an error or the like to prompt replacement of the abnormal cell.
  • the battery abnormality detection device 100 includes the AC impedance measurement unit 110 that measures the AC impedance of the battery cell (battery B), and determines whether the AC impedance is within the reference range. and an abnormality determination unit 120 that determines that the battery cell is an abnormal cell when it is not included in the range.
  • the battery abnormality detection device 100 can detect the abnormality of the battery cell using the AC impedance value itself. Therefore, the battery abnormality detection device 100 can realize highly accurate battery abnormality detection. For example, in addition to calculating SOC (State of Charge) or SOH (State of Health), the value of AC impedance itself is used to detect a battery cell abnormality, thereby achieving more accurate battery abnormality detection.
  • the AC impedance measurement unit 110 measures the AC impedances (Z1 to Z8) of each of the plurality of directly connected battery cells (B1 to B7).
  • Abnormality determination unit 120 calculates a reference range from the plurality of measured AC impedances (Z1 to Z8), determines whether each of the plurality of AC impedances (Z1 to Z8) is included in the reference range, A battery cell whose impedance is not within the reference range is determined to be an abnormal cell.
  • the abnormality determination unit 120 excludes the maximum value and the minimum value from the plurality of measured AC impedances (Z1 to Z8), calculates the average value of the plurality of AC impedances after the exclusion, and based on the average value Calculate the reference range.
  • the battery abnormality detection device 100 can detect battery abnormality by measuring the AC impedance of all battery cells of the assembled battery and monitoring changes in the AC impedance of each battery cell. This can improve the safety of the system.
  • a signal in the frequency domain of about 1000 Hz is used for measuring AC impedance. This makes it possible to easily measure AC impedance.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of abnormality determination section 120A according to the present embodiment.
  • Battery abnormality detection device 100 according to the present embodiment includes abnormality determination section 120A shown in FIG.
  • An abnormality determination unit 120A shown in FIG. 8 includes a storage unit 206 in addition to the configuration of the abnormality determination unit 120 shown in FIG. Also, the function of the reference range calculator 205A is different from that of the reference range calculator 205A.
  • the storage unit 206 stores past AC impedance 207 .
  • Reference range calculator 205A calculates a reference range using past AC impedance 207 .
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a specific example of abnormal cell determination processing according to the present embodiment.
  • the past AC impedance 207 is the AC impedance Z1 to Z8 of the previous Tn-1 (indicated by broken lines in FIG. 9).
  • the current Tn AC impedances Z1 to Z8 are held in the input unit 201.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a specific example of abnormal cell determination processing according to the present embodiment.
  • the past AC impedance 207 is the AC impedance Z1 to Z8 of the previous Tn-1 (indicated by broken lines in FIG. 9).
  • the current Tn AC impedances Z1 to Z8 are held in the input unit 201.
  • the reference range calculator 205A uses the AC impedance of Tn-1 as a reference value. Specifically, the past AC impedance of the same battery B is used as a reference value for each of the plurality of AC impedances. That is, the past Z1 is used as the reference value for Z1, and the past Z2 is used as the reference value for Z2.
  • the reference value may be calculated from a plurality of AC impedances obtained in a plurality of past measurements. For example, the average value, median value, maximum value, or minimum value of a plurality of AC impedances may be used as the reference value.
  • the reference range calculator 205A determines the reference range based on the reference value.
  • the reference range is the reference value ⁇ X%.
  • X is about 10 to 50, for example.
  • the upper limit of the reference range may be defined as the average value + ⁇
  • the lower limit of the reference range may be defined as the average value ⁇ .
  • ⁇ and ⁇ are predetermined values.
  • ⁇ and ⁇ may be the same value or may be different values.
  • comparison unit 202 determines whether each AC impedance is included in the reference range corresponding to the AC impedance. In other words, comparison section 202 determines whether the difference between the AC impedance and the reference value is less than a predetermined value.
  • the determination unit 203 determines that the battery B corresponding to the AC impedance is a normal cell. Moreover, when the AC impedance is not included in the reference range, the determination unit 203 determines that the battery B corresponding to the AC impedance is an abnormal cell.
  • the battery B4 is determined to be an abnormal cell because the AC impedance Z4 is not included in the reference range W4.
  • the other batteries B1-3 and 5-8 are determined to be normal cells.
  • reference ranges other than the reference ranges W4 and W7 of the AC impedances Z4 and Z7 are omitted.
  • the battery abnormality detection device 100 includes the storage unit 206 that stores the AC impedance measured in the past. 120 A of abnormality determination parts determine a reference range based on the AC impedance measured in the past. Thereby, the battery abnormality detection device 100 can determine the abnormality of each battery B using the AC impedance.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of abnormality determination section 120B according to the present embodiment.
  • Battery abnormality detection device 100 according to the present embodiment includes abnormality determination section 120B shown in FIG. 10 instead of abnormality determination section 120A.
  • the abnormality determination unit 120B shown in FIG. 10 differs from the reference range calculation unit 205A and the storage unit 206 in the functions of the reference range calculation unit 205B and the storage unit 206B in contrast to the configuration of the abnormality determination unit 120A shown in FIG.
  • the storage unit 206B stores the reference range table 208.
  • the reference range table 208 is a table that associates a reference range with a combination of temperature and voltage.
  • AC impedance changes according to temperature and voltage.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of temperature dependence of AC impedance. As shown in FIG. 11, AC impedance varies with temperature.
  • the reference range calculator 205B refers to the reference range table 208 and determines the reference range of each AC impedance based on the voltages V1 to V8 and the temperature Temp at the time of measurement of the AC impedances Z1 to Z8. For example, the reference range calculator 205B determines the reference range associated with the voltage V1 and the temperature Temp in the reference range table 208 as the reference range of the AC impedance Z1. Similarly, the reference range calculator 205B determines the reference range associated with the voltage V2 and the temperature Temp in the reference range table 208 as the reference range of the AC impedance Z2.
  • the reference range table 208 shows the reference value
  • the reference range calculation unit 205B calculates the reference range using the same method as in the first or second embodiment.
  • a reference range may be calculated from the values.
  • comparison unit 202 determines whether each AC impedance is included in the reference range corresponding to the AC impedance. In other words, comparison section 202 determines whether the difference between the AC impedance and the reference value is less than a predetermined value.
  • the determination unit 203 determines that the battery B corresponding to the AC impedance is a normal cell. Moreover, when the AC impedance is not included in the reference range, the determination unit 203 determines that the battery B corresponding to the AC impedance is an abnormal cell.
  • the reference range table 208 may be a table that associates a reference range with a combination of temperature, voltage, and SOC.
  • the reference range calculator 205B may further use the current SOC to determine the reference range. At least one of temperature, voltage, and SOC may be used.
  • the Temp obtained by the temperature measuring unit 111 may differ from the internal temperature of the battery B.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the appearance of Battery B (battery cell).
  • 13 and 14 are diagrams showing examples of temperatures along the XY line shown in FIG. FIG. 13 shows the temperature during thermal equilibrium, and FIG. 14 shows the temperature during thermal non-equilibrium.
  • the time of thermal equilibrium is a state in which the battery B is in a non-operating state and is not being charged or discharged.
  • the thermal non-equilibrium state is a state in which the battery is being charged or discharged.
  • Temp As shown in FIG. 14, during thermal non-equilibrium, the surface and inside of battery B have different temperatures. Also, Temp obtained by the temperature measuring unit 111 is the temperature of the surface of the battery B. FIG. Therefore, during thermal non-equilibrium, Temp differs from the actual internal temperature.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the appearance of an assembled battery 101 including a plurality of batteries B1 to B8.
  • 16 and 17 are diagrams showing examples of temperatures along the XY line shown in FIG. FIG. 16 shows the temperature during thermal equilibrium, and FIG. 17 shows the temperature during thermal non-equilibrium.
  • Temp As shown in FIG. 17, during thermal non-equilibrium, the temperature of the battery B4 arranged near the center and the surface of the assembled battery 101 are different. Also, Temp obtained by the temperature measurement unit 111 is the temperature of the surface of the assembled battery 101 . Therefore, during thermal non-equilibrium, Temp differs from the actual internal temperature.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart of battery abnormality detection processing by battery abnormality detection device 100 according to the present embodiment. The process shown in FIG. 18 has step S110 added to the process shown in FIG.
  • the battery abnormality detection device 100 determines whether the assembled battery 101 is in thermal equilibrium (S110). When the assembled battery 101 is in thermal equilibrium (Yes in S110), the battery abnormality detection device 100 measures the AC impedance (S101), and uses the AC impedance to detect abnormal cells (S102 to S108).
  • the thermal equilibrium state is, for example, a state in which no current flows through the load 102 and the assembled battery 101 is chemically stable.
  • the battery abnormality detection device 100 determines that the assembled battery 101 is in thermal equilibrium when a predetermined time (for example, about 1 hour) has passed after charging or discharging. It should be noted that the determination as to whether the battery is being charged or discharged may be made based on, for example, a control signal indicating whether the battery is in operation or not, which is supplied from the host controller 130 . For example, this control signal may be a signal for controlling relay 103 .
  • the temperature Temp becomes closer to the internal temperature of the battery B, so the reference range associated with the temperature can be appropriately selected, thereby improving the accuracy of abnormality detection.
  • the AC impedance may be similarly measured in the thermal equilibrium state.
  • FIG. 19 is a flowchart of battery abnormality detection processing in that case. The process shown in FIG. 19 has step S111 added to the process shown in FIG.
  • the battery abnormality detection device 100 determines whether the battery state of the assembled battery 101 is in a predetermined state (S111). When the battery state is in a predetermined state (Yes in S111), the battery abnormality detection device 100 measures the AC impedance (S101), and uses the AC impedance to detect abnormal cells (S102 to S108).
  • the battery state includes at least one of the temperature, voltage, and SOC of the assembled battery 101 (battery B).
  • the AC impedance can be measured in the same state, so variations in the AC impedance depending on the battery state can be reduced.
  • the accuracy of abnormality detection can be improved.
  • abnormality determination unit 120B determines the current first battery state of the battery cell (battery B) from a plurality of ranges previously associated with a plurality of first battery states. Determine the range as the reference range.
  • the first battery state includes at least one of battery cell temperature, voltage, and SOC.
  • the AC impedance measurement unit 110 measures the AC impedance when the battery cells are in thermal equilibrium.
  • the AC impedance measurement unit 110 measures the AC impedance when the battery cell is in a predetermined second battery state.
  • the second battery state includes at least one of battery cell temperature, voltage, and SOC.
  • FIG. 20 is a block diagram of abnormality determination section 120C according to the present embodiment.
  • Battery abnormality detection device 100 according to the present embodiment includes abnormality determination section 120C shown in FIG. 20 instead of abnormality determination section 120B.
  • Abnormality determination unit 120C shown in FIG. 20 differs from the third embodiment in that reference range table 208 stored in storage unit 206B is obtained from external server device 300.
  • FIG. 20 is a block diagram of abnormality determination section 120C according to the present embodiment.
  • Battery abnormality detection device 100 according to the present embodiment includes abnormality determination section 120C shown in FIG. 20 instead of abnormality determination section 120B.
  • Abnormality determination unit 120C shown in FIG. 20 differs from the third embodiment in that reference range table 208 stored in storage unit 206B is obtained from external server device 300.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an overview of the battery abnormality detection system 200 according to this embodiment.
  • battery abnormality detection system 200 includes battery abnormality detection device 100 and server device 300 .
  • the server device 300 is a server device arranged at a location remote from the battery abnormality detection device 100 .
  • the server device 300 is a so-called cloud server.
  • the server device 300 is communicatively connected to other server devices via a cloud network 301, for example.
  • the battery abnormality detection device 100 is installed in an automobile 400 such as an EV, monitors an assembled battery 101 for driving a motor 401 of the automobile 400, and estimates the state of the assembled battery 101.
  • the communication unit 122 included in the battery abnormality detection device 100 receives, for example, the reference range table 208 corresponding to the current state of the assembled battery 101 from the server device 300 by wireless communication.
  • a relay device (not shown) may be interposed between the communication unit 122 and the server device 300 .
  • the communication performed by the communication unit 122 may be wireless communication or wired communication.
  • the communication standard for communication performed by the communication unit 122 is not particularly limited either.
  • the server device 300 manages the deterioration state (SOC, SOH, etc.) of the assembled battery 101 .
  • the battery abnormality detection device 100 receives the reference range table 208 corresponding to the current deterioration state of the assembled battery 101 from the server device 300, and uses the received reference range table 208 to detect the reference range according to the method described in the third embodiment. Set a range.
  • the battery abnormality detection device 100 may receive a reference range corresponding to the current battery state of the assembled battery 101 from the server device 300 and detect an abnormal cell using the received reference range. At this time, the battery abnormality detection device 100 may transmit the current battery state of the assembled battery 101 to the server device 300 and receive the reference range corresponding to the battery state from the server device 300 . Also, the battery abnormality detection device 100 may receive a reference value instead of the reference range.
  • the battery abnormality detection device 100 further includes the communication unit 122 that communicates with the server device 300 via a communication network, and the reference range is acquired from the server device 300.
  • the communication unit 122 that communicates with the server device 300 via a communication network, and the reference range is acquired from the server device 300.
  • the battery abnormality detection device and the battery abnormality detection system for batteries used in automobiles such as EVs have been described. batteries may be targeted.
  • the battery abnormality detection device 100 performs determination by each of the plurality of methods for determining abnormal cells described in a plurality of embodiments, and determines battery B, which has been determined as an abnormal cell by at least one method, to be an abnormal cell.
  • the circuit configurations described in the above embodiments are examples, and the present disclosure is not limited to the above circuit configurations.
  • the present disclosure also includes a circuit capable of realizing the characteristic functions of the present disclosure, as well as the circuit configuration described above.
  • an element such as a switching element (transistor), a resistive element, or a capacitive element is connected in series or parallel to a certain element. included.
  • the components included in the integrated circuit are realized by hardware.
  • some of the components contained in an integrated circuit may be implemented by executing software programs suitable for that component.
  • Some of the components included in the integrated circuit are implemented by a program execution unit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or processor reading and executing a software program recorded on a recording medium such as a hard disk or semiconductor memory.
  • processing executed by a specific processing unit may be executed by another processing unit. Further, in the operations described in the above embodiments, the order of multiple processes may be changed, and multiple processes may be performed in parallel.
  • REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 100 battery abnormality detector 101 assembled battery 102 load 103 relay 104 transistor 105 reference resistor 106 load resistor 107 temperature sensor 110 AC impedance measurement unit 111 temperature measurement unit 113 current measurement unit 114 signal generation unit 115 voltage measurement unit 117 timing generation unit 118 AC Impedance calculation unit 120, 120A, 120B, 120C Abnormality determination unit 121 Control unit 122 Communication unit 130 Upper control unit 200 Battery abnormality detection system 201 Input unit 202 Comparison unit 203 Determination unit 204 Input/output unit 205, 205A, 205B Reference range calculation unit 206, 206B storage unit 207 past AC impedance 208 reference range table 300 server device 301 cloud network 400 automobile 401 motor B, B1 to B8 battery

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Abstract

A battery abnormality detecting device (100) is provided with: an alternating current impedance measuring unit (110) for measuring an alternating current impedance of a battery cell; and an abnormality determining unit (120) for determining that the battery cell is an abnormal cell if the alternating current impedance does not lie within a standard range. For example, the alternating current impedance measuring unit (110) measures the alternating current impedance (Z1 to Z8) of each of a plurality of directly connected battery cells, and the abnormality determining unit (120) calculates the standard range from the plurality of measured alternating current impedances (Z1 to Z8), determines whether each of the plurality of alternating current impedances (Z1 to Z8) lies within the standard range, and determines that a battery cell having an alternating current impedance that does not lie within the standard range is an abnormal cell.

Description

電池異常検知装置及び電池異常検知方法BATTERY ABNORMALITY DETECTION DEVICE AND BATTERY ABNORMALITY DETECTION METHOD
　本開示は、電池異常検知装置及び電池異常検知方法に関する。 The present disclosure relates to a battery abnormality detection device and a battery abnormality detection method.
　ＨＥＶ（Ｈｙｂｒｉｄ　Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ　Ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ）、または、ＥＶ（Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ　Ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ）など、二次電池を電源として走行する自動車の開発が行われている。例えば、二次電池としてリチウムイオン電池（ＬｉＢ：Ｌｉｔｈｉｕｍ－ｉｏｎ　Ｂａｔｔｅｒｙ）が用いられる。また、二次電池を安全に使用するためにバッテリーマネージメントシステム（ＢＭＳ：Ｂａｔｔｅｒｙ　Ｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ　Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）が用いられる。 Automobiles such as HEVs (Hybrid Electric Vehicles) and EVs (Electric Vehicles) that run on a secondary battery as a power source are being developed. For example, a lithium-ion battery (LiB) is used as a secondary battery. Also, a battery management system (BMS) is used to safely use the secondary battery.
　特許文献１には、電池内部の温度を測定するために、電池に交流信号を掃引させながら電圧と電流を測定する交流インピーダンス法を用いることが記載されている。 Patent Document 1 describes the use of an AC impedance method in which voltage and current are measured while an AC signal is swept through the battery in order to measure the temperature inside the battery.
特許第５２６１６２２号公報Japanese Patent No. 5261622
　本開示は、高精度の電池異常検知を実現できる電池状態検知装置及び電池異常検知方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present disclosure is to provide a battery state detection device and a battery abnormality detection method that can realize highly accurate battery abnormality detection.
　本開示の一態様に係る電池異常検知装置は、電池セルの交流インピーダンスを測定する交流インピーダンス測定部と、前記交流インピーダンスが基準範囲に含まれるか否かを判定し、前記交流インピーダンスが前記基準範囲に含まれない場合、前記電池セルが異常セルであると判定する異常判定部とを備える。 A battery abnormality detection device according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes an AC impedance measurement unit that measures AC impedance of a battery cell, and determines whether the AC impedance is included in a reference range, and determines whether the AC impedance is within the reference range. and an abnormality determination unit that determines that the battery cell is an abnormal cell when the battery cell is not included in the cell.
　本開示は、高精度の電池異常検知を実現できる電池異常検知装置及び電池異常検知方法を提供できる。 The present disclosure can provide a battery abnormality detection device and a battery abnormality detection method that can realize highly accurate battery abnormality detection.
図１は、実施の形態１に係る電池異常検知システムのブロック図である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery abnormality detection system according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 図２は、実施の形態１に係る電池異常検知処理のフローチャートである。FIG. 2 is a flowchart of battery abnormality detection processing according to the first embodiment. 図３は、実施の形態１に係る電池の等価回路を示す図である。3 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the battery according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 図４は、実施の形態１に係る電池の交流インピーダンスを示す図である。4 is a diagram showing the AC impedance of the battery according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 図５は、実施の形態１に係る電池の交流インピーダンスの変化と電池の劣化との関係を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between changes in AC impedance of the battery and deterioration of the battery according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 図６は、実施の形態１に係る異常判定部のブロック図である。6 is a block diagram of an abnormality determination unit according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 図７は、実施の形態１に係る異常セルの判定処理の具体例を示す図である。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a specific example of the abnormal cell determination process according to the first embodiment. 図８は、実施の形態２に係る異常判定部のブロック図である。8 is a block diagram of an abnormality determination unit according to Embodiment 2. FIG. 図９は、実施の形態２に係る異常セルの判定処理の具体例を示す図である。FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of abnormal cell determination processing according to the second embodiment. 図１０は、実施の形態３に係る異常判定部のブロック図である。10 is a block diagram of an abnormality determination unit according to Embodiment 3. FIG. 図１１は、実施の形態３に係る交流インピーダンスの温度依存性の例を示す図である。FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of temperature dependence of AC impedance according to the third embodiment. 図１２は、実施の形態３に係る電池の外観を示す図である。12 is a diagram showing the appearance of a battery according to Embodiment 3. FIG. 図１３は、実施の形態３に係る熱平衡時における電池の内部温度を示す図である。FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the internal temperature of the battery during thermal equilibrium according to the third embodiment. 図１４は、実施の形態３に係る熱非平衡時における電池の内部温度を示す図である。FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the internal temperature of the battery during thermal non-equilibrium according to the third embodiment. 図１５は、実施の形態３に係る組電池の外観を示す図である。FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the appearance of the assembled battery according to Embodiment 3. FIG. 図１６は、実施の形態３に係る熱平衡時における組電池の内部温度を示す図である。FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the internal temperature of the assembled battery during thermal equilibrium according to the third embodiment. 図１７は、実施の形態３に係る熱非平衡時における組電池の内部温度を示す図である。FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the internal temperature of the assembled battery during thermal non-equilibrium according to the third embodiment. 図１８は、実施の形態３に係る電池異常検知処理のフローチャートである。FIG. 18 is a flowchart of battery abnormality detection processing according to the third embodiment. 図１９は、実施の形態３に係る電池異常検知処理のフローチャートである。FIG. 19 is a flowchart of battery abnormality detection processing according to the third embodiment. 図２０は、実施の形態４に係る異常判定部のブロック図である。20 is a block diagram of an abnormality determination unit according to Embodiment 4. FIG. 図２１は、実施の形態４に係る電池異常検知システムの概要を示す図である。FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an outline of a battery abnormality detection system according to Embodiment 4. FIG.
　（本開示の基礎となった知見）
　近年、電気自動車をはじめとする環境対応車、及び再生可能エネルギーを安定供給させるための蓄電池など、二次電池を使用したアプリケーションが急増している。エネルギー密度が高いことから、この二次電池としてリチウムイオン電池を採用することが多い。このリチウムイオン電池は、過充電、過放電及び温度によって劣化が加速することが知られており、最悪のケースでは発煙発火、さらには爆発の危険な状態に至ることもあるため、通常はＢＭＳに組み込まれて適切な制御が行われる。 (Findings on which this disclosure is based)
In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in applications using secondary batteries, such as eco-friendly vehicles such as electric vehicles and storage batteries for stably supplying renewable energy. Because of its high energy density, a lithium ion battery is often used as the secondary battery. This lithium-ion battery is known to accelerate deterioration due to overcharge, overdischarge, and temperature. It is built in and properly controlled.
　一般的にＢＭＳは、組電池に含まれる全ての電池セルの電圧と電流と温度とをモニタし、これらの測定データを用いて、電池の状態を監視する。全ての電池セルの電流は組電池全体の充放電電流をモニタすることで一律に取得できる。また、全ての電池セルの温度に関しては、測定用のサーミスタを組電池に配置して取得する。しかしながら、サーミスタの取り付け場所及び数に制約があるため、通常は温度分布などを考慮した推定値を取ることが多い。また、電池ケースの外の温度であるため、セル温度として取り扱うには誤差を考慮する必要がある。 Generally, the BMS monitors the voltage, current, and temperature of all battery cells included in the assembled battery, and uses these measurement data to monitor the state of the battery. The current of all battery cells can be uniformly obtained by monitoring the charge/discharge current of the entire assembled battery. Further, the temperatures of all battery cells are acquired by placing a thermistor for measurement in the assembled battery. However, since there are restrictions on the locations and number of thermistors to be installed, an estimated value is usually taken in consideration of the temperature distribution and the like. In addition, since it is the temperature outside the battery case, it is necessary to consider the error when treating it as the cell temperature.
　このようなＢＭＳでは、安全性を向上するために、高精度に電池異常を検知できることが望まれている。 In such a BMS, it is desired to be able to detect battery abnormalities with high accuracy in order to improve safety.
　本開示の一態様に係る電池異常検知装置は、電池セルの交流インピーダンスを測定する交流インピーダンス測定部と、前記交流インピーダンスが基準範囲に含まれるか否かを判定し、前記交流インピーダンスが前記基準範囲に含まれない場合、前記電池セルが異常セルであると判定する異常判定部とを備える。 A battery abnormality detection device according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes an AC impedance measurement unit that measures AC impedance of a battery cell, and determines whether the AC impedance is included in a reference range, and determines whether the AC impedance is within the reference range. and an abnormality determination unit that determines that the battery cell is an abnormal cell when the battery cell is not included in the cell.
　これによれば、当該電池異常検知装置は、交流インピーダンスの値そのものを用いて電池セルの異常を検知できる。これにより、当該電池異常検知装置は、高精度の電池異常検知を実現できる。 According to this, the battery abnormality detection device can detect battery cell abnormality using the AC impedance value itself. As a result, the battery abnormality detection device can realize highly accurate battery abnormality detection.
　例えば、前記交流インピーダンス測定部は、前記電池セルを含む、直接に接続された複数の電池セルの各々の交流インピーダンスを測定し、前記異常判定部は、測定された複数の前記交流インピーダンスから前記基準範囲を算出し、前記複数の交流インピーダンスの各々が前記基準範囲に含まれるか否かを判定し、前記交流インピーダンスが前記基準範囲に含まれない電池セルを異常セルと判定してもよい。 For example, the AC impedance measurement unit measures the AC impedance of each of a plurality of directly connected battery cells, including the battery cell, and the abnormality determination unit determines the reference from the plurality of measured AC impedances. A range may be calculated, it may be determined whether each of the plurality of AC impedances is included in the reference range, and a battery cell whose AC impedance is not included in the reference range may be determined as an abnormal cell.
　例えば、前記異常判定部は、測定された前記複数の交流インピーダンスから、最大値及び最小値を除外し、除外した後の複数の交流インピーダンスの平均値を算出し、前記平均値に基づき前記基準範囲を算出してもよい。 For example, the abnormality determination unit excludes the maximum value and the minimum value from the plurality of measured AC impedances, calculates the average value of the plurality of AC impedances after the exclusion, and based on the average value The reference range may be calculated.
　例えば、前記電池異常検知装置は、さらに、過去に測定された交流インピーダンスを記憶する記憶部を備え、前記異常判定部は、前記過去に計測された交流インピーダンスに基づき、前記基準範囲を決定してもよい。 For example, the battery abnormality detection device further includes a storage unit that stores AC impedance measured in the past, and the abnormality determination unit determines the reference range based on the AC impedance measured in the past. good too.
　例えば、前記異常判定部は、複数の第１電池状態に予め対応付けられた複数の範囲から、現在の前記電池セルの前記第１電池状態に対応する範囲を前記基準範囲に決定し、前記第１電池状態は、前記電池セルの温度、電圧及びＳＯＣ（Ｓｔａｔｅ　ｏｆ　Ｃｈａｒｇｅ）の少なくとも一つを含んでもよい。 For example, the abnormality determination unit determines, as the reference range, a range corresponding to the first battery state of the current battery cell from a plurality of ranges previously associated with a plurality of first battery states. One battery state may include at least one of temperature, voltage, and SOC (State of Charge) of the battery cell.
　例えば、前記電池異常検知装置は、さらに、サーバ装置と通信網を介して通信する通信部を備え、前記基準範囲は、前記サーバ装置から取得されてもよい。 For example, the battery abnormality detection device may further include a communication unit that communicates with a server device via a communication network, and the reference range may be obtained from the server device.
　例えば、前記交流インピーダンス測定部は、前記電池セルが熱平衡状態の時に前記交流インピーダンスを測定してもよい。 For example, the AC impedance measurement unit may measure the AC impedance when the battery cell is in thermal equilibrium.
　例えば、前記交流インピーダンス測定部は、前記電池セルが、予め定められた第２電池状態の時に前記交流インピーダンスを測定し、前記第２電池状態は、前記電池セルの温度、電圧及びＳＯＣ（Ｓｔａｔｅ　ｏｆ　Ｃｈａｒｇｅ）の少なくとも一つを含んでもよい。 For example, the AC impedance measuring unit measures the AC impedance when the battery cell is in a predetermined second battery state, and the second battery state is the temperature, voltage, and SOC (State of Charge).
　本開示の一態様に係る電池異常検知方法は、電池セルの交流インピーダンスを測定し、前記交流インピーダンスが基準範囲に含まれるか否かを判定し、前記交流インピーダンスが前記基準範囲に含まれない場合、前記電池セルが異常セルであると判定する。 A battery abnormality detection method according to an aspect of the present disclosure measures the AC impedance of a battery cell, determines whether the AC impedance is included in the reference range, and if the AC impedance is not included in the reference range , the battery cell is determined to be an abnormal cell.
　これによれば、当該電池異常検知方法は、交流インピーダンスの値そのものを用いて電池セルの異常を検知できる。これにより、当該電池異常検知装置は、高精度の電池異常検知を実現できる。 According to this, the battery abnormality detection method can detect battery cell abnormality using the AC impedance value itself. As a result, the battery abnormality detection device can realize highly accurate battery abnormality detection.
　なお、これらの包括的または具体的な態様は、システム、方法、集積回路、コンピュータプログラムまたはコンピュータ読み取り可能なＣＤ－ＲＯＭなどの記録媒体で実現されてもよく、システム、方法、集積回路、コンピュータプログラム及び記録媒体の任意な組み合わせで実現されてもよい。 In addition, these general or specific aspects may be realized by a system, method, integrated circuit, computer program, or a recording medium such as a computer-readable CD-ROM. and any combination of recording media.
　以下、実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら具体的に説明する。なお、以下で説明する実施の形態は、いずれも本開示の一具体例を示すものである。以下の実施の形態で示される数値、形状、材料、構成要素、構成要素の配置位置及び接続形態、ステップ、ステップの順序などは、一例であり、本開示を限定する主旨ではない。また、以下の実施の形態における構成要素のうち、独立請求項に記載されていない構成要素については、任意の構成要素として説明される。 Hereinafter, embodiments will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that each of the embodiments described below is a specific example of the present disclosure. Numerical values, shapes, materials, components, arrangement positions and connection forms of components, steps, order of steps, and the like shown in the following embodiments are examples, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Further, among the constituent elements in the following embodiments, constituent elements not described in independent claims will be described as optional constituent elements.
　なお、各図は模式図であり、必ずしも厳密に図示されたものではない。また、各図において、実質的に同一の構成に対しては同一の符号を付し、重複する説明は省略または簡略化される場合がある。 It should be noted that each figure is a schematic diagram and is not necessarily strictly illustrated. Moreover, in each figure, the same code|symbol is attached|subjected with respect to substantially the same structure, and the overlapping description may be abbreviate|omitted or simplified.
　（実施の形態１）
　まず、本実施の形態に係る電池異常検知システム及び電池異常検知装置の構成を説明する。図１は、本実施の形態に係る電池異常検知システム２００のブロック図である。組電池１０１は、複数の電池Ｂ１～Ｂ８（以下、電池Ｂ１～Ｂ８のうち任意の１つを電池Ｂと記載する）を含む。電池Ｂは、言い換えれば、電池セルである。電池Ｂは、具体的には、リチウムイオン電池であるが、ニッケル水素電池などその他の電池であってもよい。組電池１０１は、負荷１０２の電源として機能し、負荷１０２に電力を供給する。負荷１０２は、例えば、ＥＶのモータであるが、特に限定されない。なお、負荷１０２に代えて、組電池１０１を充電するための充電装置が負荷１０２の位置に接続される場合もある。 (Embodiment 1)
First, configurations of a battery abnormality detection system and a battery abnormality detection device according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery abnormality detection system 200 according to this embodiment. The assembled battery 101 includes a plurality of batteries B1 to B8 (hereinafter, any one of the batteries B1 to B8 is referred to as a battery B). Battery B is, in other words, a battery cell. Battery B is specifically a lithium ion battery, but may be another battery such as a nickel metal hydride battery. The assembled battery 101 functions as a power source for the load 102 and supplies power to the load 102 . The load 102 is, for example, an EV motor, but is not particularly limited. A charging device for charging the assembled battery 101 may be connected to the position of the load 102 instead of the load 102 .
　電池異常検知システム２００は、リレー１０３と、トランジスタ１０４と、参照抵抗１０５と、負荷抵抗１０６と、温度センサ１０７と、電池異常検知装置１００と、上位制御部１３０とを備える。 The battery abnormality detection system 200 includes a relay 103, a transistor 104, a reference resistor 105, a load resistance 106, a temperature sensor 107, a battery abnormality detection device 100, and a host controller 130.
　リレー１０３は、組電池１０１と負荷１０２との間に接続されている。トランジスタ１０４は、例えば、ＦＥＴ（Ｆｉｅｌｄ　Ｅｆｆｅｃｔ　Ｔｒａｎｓｉｓｔｏｒ）であるが、バイポーラトランジスタであってもよい。トランジスタ１０４のドレインは、負荷抵抗１０６に接続され、トランジスタ１０４のソースは、参照抵抗１０５に接続され、トランジスタ１０４のゲート（つまり、制御端子）は、信号生成部１１４に接続される。 The relay 103 is connected between the assembled battery 101 and the load 102 . The transistor 104 is, for example, an FET (Field Effect Transistor), but may be a bipolar transistor. The drain of transistor 104 is connected to load resistor 106 , the source of transistor 104 is connected to reference resistor 105 , and the gate (ie, control terminal) of transistor 104 is connected to signal generator 114 .
　電池異常検知装置１００は、例えば、ＢＭＳに含まれる。電池異常検知装置１００は、交流インピーダンス測定部１１０と、異常判定部１２０と、制御部１２１と、通信部１２２とを備える。例えば、電池異常検知装置１００は、１又は複数の集積回路で構成される。また、異常判定部１２０及び制御部１２１の機能は、プロセッサがプログラムを実行することにより実現されてもよいし、専用回路により実現されてもよいし、これらの組み合わせにより実現されてもよい。 The battery abnormality detection device 100 is included in the BMS, for example. The battery abnormality detection device 100 includes an AC impedance measurement section 110 , an abnormality determination section 120 , a control section 121 and a communication section 122 . For example, the battery abnormality detection device 100 is composed of one or more integrated circuits. Also, the functions of the abnormality determination unit 120 and the control unit 121 may be realized by a processor executing a program, may be realized by a dedicated circuit, or may be realized by a combination thereof.
　交流インピーダンス測定部１１０は、組電池１０１の交流インピーダンスＺ１～Ｚ８を測定する。異常判定部１２０は、交流インピーダンスＺ１～Ｚ８を用いて組電池１０１に含まれる複数の電池Ｂの各々の異常を検知する。 The AC impedance measurement unit 110 measures the AC impedances Z1 to Z8 of the assembled battery 101. Abnormality determination unit 120 detects an abnormality in each of the plurality of batteries B included in assembled battery 101 using AC impedances Z1 to Z8.
　交流インピーダンス測定部１１０は、温度測定部１１１と、電流測定部１１３と、信号生成部１１４と、電圧測定部１１５と、タイミング生成部１１７と、交流インピーダンス算出部１１８と、を備える。 The AC impedance measurement unit 110 includes a temperature measurement unit 111, a current measurement unit 113, a signal generation unit 114, a voltage measurement unit 115, a timing generation unit 117, and an AC impedance calculation unit 118.
　温度測定部１１１は、温度センサ１０７の温度Ｔｅｍｐを測定する。温度センサ１０７は、例えば、サーミスタを用いた温度センサであるが、熱電対などのその他の素子を用いた温度センサであってもよい。 The temperature measurement unit 111 measures the temperature Temp of the temperature sensor 107 . The temperature sensor 107 is, for example, a temperature sensor using a thermistor, but may be a temperature sensor using other elements such as a thermocouple.
　電流測定部１１３は、参照抵抗１０５に流れる電流Ｉａｃを測定する。電流測定部１１３は、具体的には、参照抵抗１０５の両端の電圧を測定することで電流Ｉａｃを測定する。信号生成部１１４は、トランジスタ１０４の制御端子に制御信号を印加する。この制御信号は任意の周波数に設定でき、組電池１０１と負荷抵抗１０６とトランジスタ１０４と参照抵抗１０５で構成される閉回路に交流信号を印加することを特徴とする。 The current measurement unit 113 measures the current Iac flowing through the reference resistor 105 . Specifically, the current measurement unit 113 measures the current Iac by measuring the voltage across the reference resistor 105 . The signal generator 114 applies a control signal to the control terminal of the transistor 104 . This control signal can be set to an arbitrary frequency, and is characterized by applying an AC signal to a closed circuit composed of the assembled battery 101 , the load resistor 106 , the transistor 104 and the reference resistor 105 .
　電圧測定部１１５は、組電池１０１を構成する複数の電池Ｂ１～Ｂ８の電圧Ｖ１～Ｖ８を測定する。例えば、電圧測定部１１５は、複数のＡＤ変換器を含む。タイミング生成部１１７は、電流測定部１１３及び電圧測定部１１５における電流及び電圧の測定タイミングを制御する。 The voltage measurement unit 115 measures the voltages V1 to V8 of the batteries B1 to B8 that make up the assembled battery 101. For example, the voltage measurement unit 115 includes multiple AD converters. The timing generator 117 controls current and voltage measurement timings in the current measurement unit 113 and the voltage measurement unit 115 .
　交流インピーダンス算出部１１８は、電流測定部１１３によって測定された電流Ｉａｃ、及び、電圧測定部１１５によって測定された電圧Ｖ１～Ｖ８に基づいて電池Ｂ１～Ｂ８の交流インピーダンスＺ１～Ｚ８を計算する。具体的には、交流インピーダンス算出部１１８は、電圧Ｖｎを電流Ｉａｃで除算することで電池Ｂｎの交流インピーダンスＺｎを算出する。ここでｎは１～８である。各交流インピーダンスは複素数であり、実数成分Ｚｒｅと虚数成分Ｚｉｍとを持つ。 The AC impedance calculation unit 118 calculates the AC impedances Z1 to Z8 of the batteries B1 to B8 based on the current Iac measured by the current measurement unit 113 and the voltages V1 to V8 measured by the voltage measurement unit 115. Specifically, AC impedance calculator 118 calculates AC impedance Zn of battery Bn by dividing voltage Vn by current Iac. where n is 1-8. Each AC impedance is complex and has a real component Zre and an imaginary component Zim.
　異常判定部１２０は、交流インピーダンスＺ１～Ｚ８を用いて、複数の電池Ｂから異常セルを検出する。つまり、異常判定部１２０は、複数の電池Ｂの各々が異常セルであるか否かを判定する。ここで、異常セルとは、正常な状態でない電池セルであり、例えば、交換が必要な電池セルである。また、異常判定部１２０は、制御部１２１及び通信部１２２を介して、判定結果を上位制御部１３０へ通知する。 The abnormality determination unit 120 detects abnormal cells from a plurality of batteries B using AC impedances Z1 to Z8. In other words, the abnormality determination unit 120 determines whether or not each of the plurality of batteries B is an abnormal cell. Here, an abnormal cell is a battery cell that is not in a normal state, for example, a battery cell that needs to be replaced. Further, the abnormality determination unit 120 notifies the upper control unit 130 of the determination result via the control unit 121 and the communication unit 122 .
　制御部１２１は、交流インピーダンス測定部１１０等の制御を行う。通信部１２２は、電池異常検知装置１００と、上位制御部１３０との通信を行う。上位制御部１３０は、電池パック全体の制御を行う。例えば、車載の場合には、上位制御部１３０は、車両の制御等を行ってもよい。 The control unit 121 controls the AC impedance measurement unit 110 and the like. The communication unit 122 performs communication between the battery abnormality detection device 100 and the host control unit 130 . The host controller 130 controls the entire battery pack. For example, in the case of in-vehicle installation, the host controller 130 may control the vehicle.
　次に、電池異常検知装置１００の動作の流れを説明する。図２は、電池異常検知装置１００による電池異常検知処理のフローチャートである。まず、交流インピーダンス測定部１１０は、交流インピーダンスＺ１～Ｚ８を測定する（Ｓ１０１）。 Next, the operation flow of the battery abnormality detection device 100 will be described. FIG. 2 is a flowchart of battery abnormality detection processing by the battery abnormality detection device 100 . First, AC impedance measuring section 110 measures AC impedances Z1 to Z8 (S101).
　具体的には、信号生成部１１４は、複数の周波数成分を有する制御信号を生成し、生成した制御信号をトランジスタ１０４の制御端子に印加する。次に、電流測定部１１３は、参照抵抗１０５に流れる電流Ｉａｃを測定する。次に、電圧測定部１１５は、電池Ｂ１～Ｂ８の電圧Ｖ１～Ｖ８を測定する。そして、交流インピーダンス算出部１１８は、測定された電流Ｉａｃ、及び、測定された電圧Ｖ１～Ｖ８に基づいて電池Ｂ１～Ｂ８の交流インピーダンスＺ１～Ｚ８を計算する。 Specifically, the signal generator 114 generates a control signal having multiple frequency components and applies the generated control signal to the control terminal of the transistor 104 . Next, current measuring section 113 measures current Iac flowing through reference resistor 105 . Next, voltage measurement unit 115 measures voltages V1 to V8 of batteries B1 to B8. Then, AC impedance calculator 118 calculates AC impedances Z1 to Z8 of batteries B1 to B8 based on the measured current Iac and the measured voltages V1 to V8.
　具体的には、交流インピーダンス算出部１１８は、電流Ｉａｃを複素電流に変換し、電圧Ｖ１～Ｖ８を複素電圧に変換する。交流インピーダンス算出部１１８は、複素電流の平均化処理および複素電圧の平均化処理を行い、平均化処理後の複素電圧を平均化処理後の複素電流で除算することにより交流インピーダンスを計算する。例えば、電池Ｂ１の交流インピーダンスとしては、インピーダンス実部Ｚ１ｒｅ、及び、インピーダンス虚部Ｚ１ｉｍが出力される。また、交流インピーダンス算出部１１８は、温度測定部１１１によって測定された温度Ｔｅｍｐに基づいて交流インピーダンスを補正してもよい。 Specifically, the AC impedance calculator 118 converts the current Iac into a complex current, and converts the voltages V1 to V8 into complex voltages. The AC impedance calculator 118 performs the averaging process of the complex current and the averaging process of the complex voltage, and calculates the AC impedance by dividing the complex voltage after the averaging process by the complex current after the averaging process. For example, the impedance real part Z1re and the impedance imaginary part Z1im are output as the AC impedance of the battery B1. Also, the AC impedance calculation unit 118 may correct the AC impedance based on the temperature Temp measured by the temperature measurement unit 111 .
　図３は、電池Ｂの等価回路である電池モデルの例を示す図である。図３に示されるように、電池Ｂは、抵抗Ｒ０と、並列接続された抵抗Ｒ１及び容量素子Ｃ１と、並列接続された抵抗Ｒ２及び容量素子Ｃ２と、が直列接続された回路構成であると考えることができる。なお、ここでは、電池モデルが、３個の抵抗と２個の容量とで表される例を示すが、抵抗の数及び容量の数はこれに限らない。例えば、電池モデルは、４個以上の抵抗と、３個以上の容量とで表されてもよい。また、抵抗と容量との数は同じあってもよいし、異なってもよい。 FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a battery model, which is an equivalent circuit of battery B. FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the battery B has a circuit configuration in which a resistor R0, a parallel-connected resistor R1 and a capacitive element C1, and a parallel-connected resistor R2 and a capacitive element C2 are connected in series. can think. Although an example in which the battery model is represented by three resistors and two capacities is shown here, the number of resistors and the number of capacities are not limited to this. For example, a battery model may be represented by four or more resistors and three or more capacities. Also, the numbers of resistors and capacitors may be the same or different.
　図４は、電池Ｂの交流インピーダンスを示す図である。図４は、Ｃｏｌｅ－Ｃｏｌｅプロットと呼ばれる図であり、ナイキストプロットとも呼ばれる。また、同図に示す領域Ａの特性は、図３に示すＲ０に依存し、領域Ｂの特性はＲ１及びＣ１に依存し、領域Ｃの特性はＲ２及びＣ２に依存する。 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the AC impedance of Battery B. FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram called a Cole-Cole plot, also called a Nyquist plot. The characteristics of region A shown in FIG. 3 depend on R0 shown in FIG. 3, the characteristics of region B depend on R1 and C1, and the characteristics of region C depend on R2 and C2.
　ここで、電池モデルパラメータは、電池Ｂが劣化することにより変化する。つまり、電池Ｂの交流インピーダンスは、電池Ｂが劣化することにより変化する。図５は、電池Ｂの交流インピーダンスの変化と電池Ｂの劣化との関係を示す図である。電池Ｂの交流インピーダンスは、図５において実線で示される初期特性を有する。電池Ｂの電極性能が劣化すると、電池Ｂの交流インピーダンスは図５において破線で示される特性に変化する。また、電池Ｂの電解液性能が劣化すると、電池Ｂの交流インピーダンスは図５において一点鎖線で示される特性に変化する。 Here, the battery model parameters change as the battery B deteriorates. That is, the AC impedance of battery B changes as battery B deteriorates. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between changes in AC impedance of battery B and deterioration of battery B. In FIG. The AC impedance of battery B has an initial characteristic indicated by a solid line in FIG. When the electrode performance of battery B deteriorates, the AC impedance of battery B changes to the characteristic indicated by the dashed line in FIG. Further, when the electrolyte performance of Battery B deteriorates, the AC impedance of Battery B changes to the characteristic indicated by the dashed line in FIG.
　図２に示すステップＳ１０２以降において、異常判定部１２０は、交流インピーダンスＺ１～Ｚ８を用いて、複数の電池Ｂの各々が異常セルであるか否かを判定する。図６は、異常判定部１２０の構成を示すブロック図である。異常判定部１２０は、入力部２０１と、比較部２０２と、判定部２０３と、入出力部２０４と、基準範囲算出部２０５とを備える。 After step S102 shown in FIG. 2, the abnormality determination unit 120 uses the AC impedances Z1 to Z8 to determine whether each of the plurality of batteries B is an abnormal cell. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the abnormality determination section 120. As shown in FIG. Abnormality determination unit 120 includes input unit 201 , comparison unit 202 , determination unit 203 , input/output unit 204 , and reference range calculation unit 205 .
　入力部２０１は、各電池Ｂの交流インピーダンスＺ１～Ｚ８を取得し保持する。基準範囲算出部２０５は、交流インピーダンスＺ１～Ｚ８を用いて基準範囲を算出する。比較部２０２は、交流インピーダンスＺ１～Ｚ８と基準範囲とを比較し、交流インピーダンスＺ１～Ｚ８が基準範囲に含まれるか否かを判定する。判定部２０３は、交流インピーダンスが基準範囲に含まれない電池Ｂを異常セルと判定する。入出力部２０４は、判定部２０３の判定結果を制御部１２１へ出力する。 The input unit 201 acquires and holds the AC impedances Z1 to Z8 of each battery B. Reference range calculator 205 calculates a reference range using AC impedances Z1 to Z8. Comparing section 202 compares AC impedances Z1 to Z8 with a reference range, and determines whether AC impedances Z1 to Z8 are included in the reference range. The determination unit 203 determines that the battery B, whose AC impedance is not within the reference range, is an abnormal cell. The input/output unit 204 outputs the determination result of the determination unit 203 to the control unit 121 .
　図７は、異常セルの判定処理の具体例を示す図である。図２に示すように、基準範囲算出部２０５は、基準範囲を算出する（Ｓ１０２）。具体的には、図７に示すように、基準範囲算出部２０５は、交流インピーダンスＺ１～Ｚ８から、最大値（Ｚ４）と最小値（Ｚ７）とを除外する。次に、基準範囲算出部２０５は、除外した後の交流インピーダンス（Ｚ１、Ｚ２、Ｚ３、Ｚ５、Ｚ６、Ｚ８）の平均値を基準値として算出する。 FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a specific example of abnormal cell determination processing. As shown in FIG. 2, the reference range calculator 205 calculates a reference range (S102). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the reference range calculator 205 excludes the maximum value (Z4) and the minimum value (Z7) from the AC impedances Z1 to Z8. Next, the reference range calculator 205 calculates the average value of the AC impedances (Z1, Z2, Z3, Z5, Z6, Z8) after exclusion as a reference value.
　なお、基準範囲算出部２０５は、最大値及び最小値を除外せず、全ての交流インピーダンスＺ１～Ｚ８の平均値を基準値として用いてもよい。または、基準範囲算出部２０５は、複数の交流インピーダンスから、値が大きい側からＮ個の交流インピーダンスを除外し、かつ、値が小さい側からＭ個の交流インピーダンスを除外し、除外した後の交流インピーダンスの平均値を基準値として算出してもよい。ここで、Ｎ及びＭは、任意の自然数である。また、Ｎ及びＭは同じ値であってもよいし、異なる値であってもよい。また、平均値の代わりに中央値等が用いられてもよい。 Note that the reference range calculator 205 may use the average value of all the AC impedances Z1 to Z8 as the reference value without excluding the maximum and minimum values. Alternatively, the reference range calculation unit 205 excludes N AC impedances from the side with the largest value from the plurality of AC impedances, and excludes M AC impedances from the side with the smallest value, and the AC after exclusion An average impedance value may be calculated as a reference value. Here, N and M are arbitrary natural numbers. Also, N and M may be the same value or may be different values. Also, a median value or the like may be used instead of the average value.
　次に、基準範囲算出部２０５は、基準値に基づき基準範囲を決定する。例えば、基準範囲は、基準値±Ｘ％の範囲である。ここで、Ｘは、例えば、３０～１００程度である。なお、基準範囲の上限値は平均値＋αで定義され、基準範囲の下限値は平均値－βで定義されてもよい。ここで、α及びβは予め定められた値である。また、αとβとは同一の値であってもよいし、異なる値であってもよい。 Next, the reference range calculator 205 determines the reference range based on the reference value. For example, the reference range is the reference value ±X%. Here, X is about 30 to 100, for example. Note that the upper limit of the reference range may be defined as the average value +α, and the lower limit of the reference range may be defined as the average value−β. Here, α and β are predetermined values. Also, α and β may be the same value or may be different values.
　次に、比較部２０２は、処理対象の交流インピーダンスを選択し（Ｓ１０３）、処理対象の交流インピーダンスが基準範囲に含まれるか否かを判定する（Ｓ１０４）。言い換えると、比較部２０２は、交流インピーダンスと基準値との差分が予め定められた値未満であるか否かを判定する。 Next, the comparison unit 202 selects an AC impedance to be processed (S103), and determines whether or not the AC impedance to be processed is included in the reference range (S104). In other words, comparison section 202 determines whether the difference between the AC impedance and the reference value is less than a predetermined value.
　判定部２０３は、処理対象の交流インピーダンスが基準範囲に含まれる場合（Ｓ１０４でＹｅｓ）、処理対象の交流インピーダンスに対応する処理対象の電池Ｂを正常セルと判定する（Ｓ１０５）。一方、判定部２０３は、処理対象の交流インピーダンスが基準範囲に含まれない場合（Ｓ１０４でＮｏ）、処理対象の電池Ｂを異常セルと判定する（Ｓ１０６）。 When the AC impedance to be processed is included in the reference range (Yes in S104), the determination unit 203 determines that the battery B to be processed corresponding to the AC impedance to be processed is a normal cell (S105). On the other hand, when the AC impedance to be processed is not included in the reference range (No in S104), determination unit 203 determines that battery B to be processed is an abnormal cell (S106).
　全ての電池Ｂの処理が完了していない場合（Ｓ１０７でＮｏ）、次の交流インピーダンスが選択され（Ｓ１０３）、ステップＳ１０４以降の処理が同様に行われる。つまり、全ての電池Ｂに対して判定が行われる。 If the processing of all batteries B has not been completed (No in S107), the next AC impedance is selected (S103), and the processing from step S104 onward is performed in the same manner. That is, determination is made for all batteries B. FIG.
　図７に示す例では、交流インピーダンスＺ４が基準範囲に含まれないため電池Ｂ４は異常セルと判定される。また、それ以外の電池Ｂ１～３、５～８は正常セルと判定される。なお、ここでは、順次各電池Ｂの判定処理を行う例を述べたが、複数の電池Ｂの判定処理が並列に行われてもよい。 In the example shown in FIG. 7, battery B4 is determined to be an abnormal cell because AC impedance Z4 is not included in the reference range. The other batteries B1-3 and 5-8 are determined to be normal cells. Here, although an example in which the determination processing for each battery B is performed sequentially has been described, the determination processing for a plurality of batteries B may be performed in parallel.
　全ての電池Ｂの処理が完了した場合（Ｓ１０７でＹｅｓ）、入出力部２０４は、判定結果を制御部１２１に出力する（Ｓ１０８）。この判定結果は、制御部１２１及び通信部１２２を介して、上位制御部１３０に通知される。異常セルが検知された場合には、例えば、上位制御部１３０は、異常セルの交換等を促すためのエラー表示等を行う。 When the processing of all batteries B is completed (Yes in S107), the input/output unit 204 outputs the determination result to the control unit 121 (S108). This determination result is notified to the upper control unit 130 via the control unit 121 and the communication unit 122 . When an abnormal cell is detected, for example, the host control unit 130 displays an error or the like to prompt replacement of the abnormal cell.
　以上のように、電池異常検知装置１００は、電池セル（電池Ｂ）の交流インピーダンスを測定する交流インピーダンス測定部１１０と、交流インピーダンスが基準範囲に含まれるか否かを判定し、交流インピーダンスが基準範囲に含まれない場合、電池セルが異常セルであると判定する異常判定部１２０とを備える。これにより、電池異常検知装置１００は、交流インピーダンスの値そのものを用いて電池セルの異常を検知できる。よって、電池異常検知装置１００は、高精度の電池異常検知を実現できる。例えば、ＳＯＣ（Ｓｔａｔｅ　ｏｆ　Ｃｈａｒｇｅ）又はＳＯＨ（Ｓｔａｔｅ　ｏｆ　Ｈｅａｌｔｈ）等の算出に加え、交流インピーダンスの値そのものを用いて電池セルの異常を検知することで、より高精度の電池異常検知を実現できる。 As described above, the battery abnormality detection device 100 includes the AC impedance measurement unit 110 that measures the AC impedance of the battery cell (battery B), and determines whether the AC impedance is within the reference range. and an abnormality determination unit 120 that determines that the battery cell is an abnormal cell when it is not included in the range. Thereby, the battery abnormality detection device 100 can detect the abnormality of the battery cell using the AC impedance value itself. Therefore, the battery abnormality detection device 100 can realize highly accurate battery abnormality detection. For example, in addition to calculating SOC (State of Charge) or SOH (State of Health), the value of AC impedance itself is used to detect a battery cell abnormality, thereby achieving more accurate battery abnormality detection.
　例えば、交流インピーダンス測定部１１０は、直接に接続された複数の電池セル（Ｂ１～Ｂ７）の各々の交流インピーダンス（Ｚ１～Ｚ８）を測定する。異常判定部１２０は、測定された複数の交流インピーダンス（Ｚ１～Ｚ８）から基準範囲を算出し、複数の交流インピーダンス（Ｚ１～Ｚ８）の各々が基準範囲に含まれるか否かを判定し、交流インピーダンスが基準範囲に含まれない電池セルを異常セルと判定する。 For example, the AC impedance measurement unit 110 measures the AC impedances (Z1 to Z8) of each of the plurality of directly connected battery cells (B1 to B7). Abnormality determination unit 120 calculates a reference range from the plurality of measured AC impedances (Z1 to Z8), determines whether each of the plurality of AC impedances (Z1 to Z8) is included in the reference range, A battery cell whose impedance is not within the reference range is determined to be an abnormal cell.
　例えば、異常判定部１２０は、測定された複数の交流インピーダンス（Ｚ１～Ｚ８）から、最大値及び最小値を除外し、除外した後の複数の交流インピーダンスの平均値を算出し、平均値に基づき基準範囲を算出する。 For example, the abnormality determination unit 120 excludes the maximum value and the minimum value from the plurality of measured AC impedances (Z1 to Z8), calculates the average value of the plurality of AC impedances after the exclusion, and based on the average value Calculate the reference range.
　このように、電池異常検知装置１００は、組電池の全電池セルに対して交流インピーダンスの測定を実施し、それぞれの電池セルの交流インピーダンスの変化をモニタすることで、電池の異常を検知できる。これにより、システムの安全性を向上できる。 In this way, the battery abnormality detection device 100 can detect battery abnormality by measuring the AC impedance of all battery cells of the assembled battery and monitoring changes in the AC impedance of each battery cell. This can improve the safety of the system.
　また、本実施の形態では、交流インピーダンスの測定に、例えば、１０００Ｈｚ程度の周波数領域の信号が用いられる。これにより、容易に交流インピーダンスの測定を実現できる。 Also, in the present embodiment, for example, a signal in the frequency domain of about 1000 Hz is used for measuring AC impedance. This makes it possible to easily measure AC impedance.
　（実施の形態２）
　本実施の形態では、異常セルの判定方法の別の例を説明する。図８は、本実施の形態に係る異常判定部１２０Ａのブロック図である。本実施の形態に係る電池異常検知装置１００は、異常判定部１２０の代わりに図８に示す異常判定部１２０Ａを備える。 (Embodiment 2)
In this embodiment, another example of the method of determining abnormal cells will be described. FIG. 8 is a block diagram of abnormality determination section 120A according to the present embodiment. Battery abnormality detection device 100 according to the present embodiment includes abnormality determination section 120A shown in FIG.
　図８に示す異常判定部１２０Ａは、図６に示す異常判定部１２０の構成に加え、記憶部２０６を備える。また、基準範囲算出部２０５Ａの機能が、基準範囲算出部２０５と異なる。 An abnormality determination unit 120A shown in FIG. 8 includes a storage unit 206 in addition to the configuration of the abnormality determination unit 120 shown in FIG. Also, the function of the reference range calculator 205A is different from that of the reference range calculator 205A.
　記憶部２０６は、過去の交流インピーダンス２０７を記憶する。基準範囲算出部２０５Ａは、過去の交流インピーダンス２０７を用いて基準範囲を算出する。 The storage unit 206 stores past AC impedance 207 . Reference range calculator 205A calculates a reference range using past AC impedance 207 .
　図９は、本実施の形態に係る異常セルの判定処理の具体例を示す図である。この例では、過去の交流インピーダンス２０７は、前回Ｔｎ－１の交流インピーダンスＺ１～Ｚ８（図９において破線で示す）である。現在Ｔｎの交流インピーダンスＺ１～Ｚ８は、入力部２０１に保持される。 FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a specific example of abnormal cell determination processing according to the present embodiment. In this example, the past AC impedance 207 is the AC impedance Z1 to Z8 of the previous Tn-1 (indicated by broken lines in FIG. 9). The current Tn AC impedances Z1 to Z8 are held in the input unit 201. FIG.
　基準範囲算出部２０５Ａは、Ｔｎ－１の交流インピーダンスを基準値として用いる。具体的には、複数の交流インピーダンスの各々に対して、過去の同じ電池Ｂの交流インピーダンスが基準値として用いられる。つまり、Ｚ１の基準値として過去のＺ１が用いられ、Ｚ２の基準値として過去のＺ２が用いられる。 The reference range calculator 205A uses the AC impedance of Tn-1 as a reference value. Specifically, the past AC impedance of the same battery B is used as a reference value for each of the plurality of AC impedances. That is, the past Z1 is used as the reference value for Z1, and the past Z2 is used as the reference value for Z2.
　なお、ここでは、前回の交流インピーダンスが基準値として用いられる例を示したが、過去の複数回の測定で得られた複数の交流インピーダンスから基準値が算出されてもよい。例えば、複数の交流インピーダンスの平均値、中央値、最大値又は最小値が基準値として用いられてもよい。 Although an example in which the previous AC impedance is used as the reference value is shown here, the reference value may be calculated from a plurality of AC impedances obtained in a plurality of past measurements. For example, the average value, median value, maximum value, or minimum value of a plurality of AC impedances may be used as the reference value.
　次に、基準範囲算出部２０５Ａは、基準値に基づき基準範囲を決定する。例えば、基準範囲は、基準値±Ｘ％の範囲である。ここで、Ｘは、例えば、１０～５０程度である。なお、基準範囲の上限値は平均値＋αで定義され、基準範囲の下限値は平均値－βで定義されてもよい。ここで、α及びβは予め定められた値である。また、αとβとは同一の値であってもよいし、異なる値であってもよい。 Next, the reference range calculator 205A determines the reference range based on the reference value. For example, the reference range is the reference value ±X%. Here, X is about 10 to 50, for example. Note that the upper limit of the reference range may be defined as the average value +α, and the lower limit of the reference range may be defined as the average value−β. Here, α and β are predetermined values. Also, α and β may be the same value or may be different values.
　次に、比較部２０２は、各交流インピーダンスが、当該交流インピーダンスに対応する基準範囲に含まれるか否かを判定する。言い換えると、比較部２０２は、交流インピーダンスと基準値との差分が予め定められた値未満であるか否かを判定する。 Next, the comparison unit 202 determines whether each AC impedance is included in the reference range corresponding to the AC impedance. In other words, comparison section 202 determines whether the difference between the AC impedance and the reference value is less than a predetermined value.
　判定部２０３は、交流インピーダンスが基準範囲に含まれる場合、当該交流インピーダンスに対応する電池Ｂを正常セルと判定する。また、判定部２０３は、交流インピーダンスが基準範囲に含まれない場合、当該交流インピーダンスに対応する電池Ｂを異常セルと判定する。 When the AC impedance is within the reference range, the determination unit 203 determines that the battery B corresponding to the AC impedance is a normal cell. Moreover, when the AC impedance is not included in the reference range, the determination unit 203 determines that the battery B corresponding to the AC impedance is an abnormal cell.
　図９に示す例では、交流インピーダンスＺ４が基準範囲Ｗ４に含まれないため電池Ｂ４は異常セルと判定される。また、それ以外の電池Ｂ１～３、５～８は正常セルと判定される。なお、図９では、交流インピーダンスＺ４及びＺ７の基準範囲Ｗ４及びＷ７以外の基準範囲は図示を省略している。 In the example shown in FIG. 9, the battery B4 is determined to be an abnormal cell because the AC impedance Z4 is not included in the reference range W4. The other batteries B1-3 and 5-8 are determined to be normal cells. In FIG. 9, reference ranges other than the reference ranges W4 and W7 of the AC impedances Z4 and Z7 are omitted.
　以上のように、本実施の形態に係る電池異常検知装置１００は、過去に測定された交流インピーダンスを記憶する記憶部２０６を備える。異常判定部１２０Ａは、過去に計測された交流インピーダンスに基づき、基準範囲を決定する。これにより、電池異常検知装置１００は、交流インピーダンスを用いて各電池Ｂの異常を判定できる。 As described above, the battery abnormality detection device 100 according to the present embodiment includes the storage unit 206 that stores the AC impedance measured in the past. 120 A of abnormality determination parts determine a reference range based on the AC impedance measured in the past. Thereby, the battery abnormality detection device 100 can determine the abnormality of each battery B using the AC impedance.
　（実施の形態３）
　本実施の形態では、異常セルの判定方法の別の例を説明する。図１０は、本実施の形態に係る異常判定部１２０Ｂのブロック図である。本実施の形態に係る電池異常検知装置１００は、異常判定部１２０Ａの代わりに図１０に示す異常判定部１２０Ｂを備える。 (Embodiment 3)
In this embodiment, another example of the method of determining abnormal cells will be described. FIG. 10 is a block diagram of abnormality determination section 120B according to the present embodiment. Battery abnormality detection device 100 according to the present embodiment includes abnormality determination section 120B shown in FIG. 10 instead of abnormality determination section 120A.
　図１０に示す異常判定部１２０Ｂは、図８に示す異常判定部１２０Ａの構成に対して、基準範囲算出部２０５Ｂ及び記憶部２０６Ｂの機能が、基準範囲算出部２０５Ａ及び記憶部２０６と異なる。 The abnormality determination unit 120B shown in FIG. 10 differs from the reference range calculation unit 205A and the storage unit 206 in the functions of the reference range calculation unit 205B and the storage unit 206B in contrast to the configuration of the abnormality determination unit 120A shown in FIG.
　記憶部２０６Ｂは、基準範囲テーブル２０８を記憶する。基準範囲テーブル２０８は、温度と電圧との組み合わせに対して、基準範囲を対応付けたテーブルである。ここで、交流インピーダンスは、温度及び電圧に応じて変化する。図１１は、交流インピーダンスの温度依存性の例を示す図である。図１１に示すように、交流インピーダンスは温度に応じて変化する。 The storage unit 206B stores the reference range table 208. The reference range table 208 is a table that associates a reference range with a combination of temperature and voltage. Here, AC impedance changes according to temperature and voltage. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of temperature dependence of AC impedance. As shown in FIG. 11, AC impedance varies with temperature.
　基準範囲算出部２０５Ｂは、交流インピーダンスＺ１～Ｚ８の測定時の電圧Ｖ１～Ｖ８及び温度Ｔｅｍｐに基づき、基準範囲テーブル２０８を参照して、各交流インピーダンスの基準範囲を決定する。例えば、基準範囲算出部２０５Ｂは、基準範囲テーブル２０８において、電圧Ｖ１及び温度Ｔｅｍｐに対応付けられている基準範囲を、交流インピーダンスＺ１の基準範囲に決定する。同様に、基準範囲算出部２０５Ｂは、基準範囲テーブル２０８において、電圧Ｖ２及び温度Ｔｅｍｐに対応付けられている基準範囲を、交流インピーダンスＺ２の基準範囲に決定する。 The reference range calculator 205B refers to the reference range table 208 and determines the reference range of each AC impedance based on the voltages V1 to V8 and the temperature Temp at the time of measurement of the AC impedances Z1 to Z8. For example, the reference range calculator 205B determines the reference range associated with the voltage V1 and the temperature Temp in the reference range table 208 as the reference range of the AC impedance Z1. Similarly, the reference range calculator 205B determines the reference range associated with the voltage V2 and the temperature Temp in the reference range table 208 as the reference range of the AC impedance Z2.
　なお、ここでは、基準範囲テーブル２０８に基準範囲が示される例を示したが、基準範囲テーブル２０８は基準値を示し、基準範囲算出部２０５Ｂにおいて、実施の形態１又は２と同様の手法により基準値から基準範囲が算出されてもよい。 Although an example in which the reference range is shown in the reference range table 208 is shown here, the reference range table 208 shows the reference value, and the reference range calculation unit 205B calculates the reference range using the same method as in the first or second embodiment. A reference range may be calculated from the values.
　次に、比較部２０２は、各交流インピーダンスが、当該交流インピーダンスに対応する基準範囲に含まれるか否かを判定する。言い換えると、比較部２０２は、交流インピーダンスと基準値との差分が予め定められた値未満であるか否かを判定する。 Next, the comparison unit 202 determines whether each AC impedance is included in the reference range corresponding to the AC impedance. In other words, comparison section 202 determines whether the difference between the AC impedance and the reference value is less than a predetermined value.
　判定部２０３は、交流インピーダンスが基準範囲に含まれる場合、当該交流インピーダンスに対応する電池Ｂを正常セルと判定する。また、判定部２０３は、交流インピーダンスが基準範囲に含まれない場合、当該交流インピーダンスに対応する電池Ｂを異常セルと判定する。 When the AC impedance is within the reference range, the determination unit 203 determines that the battery B corresponding to the AC impedance is a normal cell. Moreover, when the AC impedance is not included in the reference range, the determination unit 203 determines that the battery B corresponding to the AC impedance is an abnormal cell.
　なお、交流インピーダンスはＳＯＣに応じても変化する。よって、基準範囲テーブル２０８は、温度と電圧とＳＯＣとの組み合わせに対して、基準範囲を対応付けたテーブルであってもよい。この場合、基準範囲算出部２０５Ｂは、さらに、現在のＳＯＣを用いて基準範囲を決定してもよい。なお、温度と電圧とＳＯＣとうち少なくとも一つが用いられてもよい。 Note that the AC impedance also changes according to the SOC. Therefore, the reference range table 208 may be a table that associates a reference range with a combination of temperature, voltage, and SOC. In this case, the reference range calculator 205B may further use the current SOC to determine the reference range. At least one of temperature, voltage, and SOC may be used.
　ここで、また、温度測定部１１１で得られたＴｅｍｐは、電池Ｂの内部温度と異なる場合がある。図１２は、電池Ｂ（電池セル）の外観を示す図である。図１３及び図１４は、図１２に示すＸ－Ｙ線における温度の例を示す図である。図１３は、熱平衡時における温度を示し、図１４は、熱非平衡時における温度を示す。なお、熱平衡時とは、電池Ｂが非稼働の状態であり、充電及び放電が行われていない状態である。また、熱非平衡時が稼働している状態であり、充電又は放電が行われている状態である。 Here, the Temp obtained by the temperature measuring unit 111 may differ from the internal temperature of the battery B. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the appearance of Battery B (battery cell). 13 and 14 are diagrams showing examples of temperatures along the XY line shown in FIG. FIG. 13 shows the temperature during thermal equilibrium, and FIG. 14 shows the temperature during thermal non-equilibrium. In addition, the time of thermal equilibrium is a state in which the battery B is in a non-operating state and is not being charged or discharged. Further, the thermal non-equilibrium state is a state in which the battery is being charged or discharged.
　図１４に示すように熱非平衡時には、電池Ｂの表面と内部とで温度が異なる。また、温度測定部１１１で得られたＴｅｍｐは、電池Ｂの表面の温度である。よって、熱非平衡時には、Ｔｅｍｐは実際の内部温度とは異なる。 As shown in FIG. 14, during thermal non-equilibrium, the surface and inside of battery B have different temperatures. Also, Temp obtained by the temperature measuring unit 111 is the temperature of the surface of the battery B. FIG. Therefore, during thermal non-equilibrium, Temp differs from the actual internal temperature.
　図１５は、複数の電池Ｂ１～Ｂ８を含む組電池１０１の外観を示す図である。図１６及び図１７は、図１５に示すＸ－Ｙ線における温度の例を示す図である。図１６は、熱平衡時における温度を示し、図１７は、熱非平衡時における温度を示す。 FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the appearance of an assembled battery 101 including a plurality of batteries B1 to B8. 16 and 17 are diagrams showing examples of temperatures along the XY line shown in FIG. FIG. 16 shows the temperature during thermal equilibrium, and FIG. 17 shows the temperature during thermal non-equilibrium.
　図１７に示すように熱非平衡時には、中央付近に配置されている電池Ｂ４と、組電池１０１の表面とで温度が異なる。また、温度測定部１１１で得られたＴｅｍｐは、組電池１０１の表面の温度である。よって、熱非平衡時には、Ｔｅｍｐは実際の内部温度とは異なる。 As shown in FIG. 17, during thermal non-equilibrium, the temperature of the battery B4 arranged near the center and the surface of the assembled battery 101 are different. Also, Temp obtained by the temperature measurement unit 111 is the temperature of the surface of the assembled battery 101 . Therefore, during thermal non-equilibrium, Temp differs from the actual internal temperature.
　よって、電池異常検知装置１００は、組電池１０１が熱平衡状態の際の交流インピーダンスを用いて異常セルを検知してもよい。図１８は、本実施の形態に係る電池異常検知装置１００による電池異常検知処理のフローチャートである。図１８に示す処理は、図２に示す処理に対してステップＳ１１０が追加されている。 Therefore, the battery abnormality detection device 100 may detect an abnormal cell using the AC impedance when the assembled battery 101 is in thermal equilibrium. FIG. 18 is a flowchart of battery abnormality detection processing by battery abnormality detection device 100 according to the present embodiment. The process shown in FIG. 18 has step S110 added to the process shown in FIG.
　電池異常検知装置１００は、組電池１０１が熱平衡状態であるか否かを判定する（Ｓ１１０）。電池異常検知装置１００は、組電池１０１が熱平衡状態である場合（Ｓ１１０でＹｅｓ）、交流インピーダンスを測定し（Ｓ１０１）、交流インピーダンスを用いて異常セルの検知（Ｓ１０２～Ｓ１０８）を行う。 The battery abnormality detection device 100 determines whether the assembled battery 101 is in thermal equilibrium (S110). When the assembled battery 101 is in thermal equilibrium (Yes in S110), the battery abnormality detection device 100 measures the AC impedance (S101), and uses the AC impedance to detect abnormal cells (S102 to S108).
　ここで、熱平衡状態とは、例えば、負荷１０２に電流が流れていない状態、かつ、組電池１０１が化学的に安定している状態である。例えば、電池異常検知装置１００は、充電後又は放電後、所定時間（例えば１時間程度）が経過した場合に、組電池１０１が熱平衡状態であると判定する。なお、充電中又は放電中であるかの判断は、例えば、上位制御部１３０から供給される電池の稼働又は非稼働を示す制御信号に基づき行われてもよい。例えば、この制御信号はリレー１０３を制御するための信号であってもよい。 Here, the thermal equilibrium state is, for example, a state in which no current flows through the load 102 and the assembled battery 101 is chemically stable. For example, the battery abnormality detection device 100 determines that the assembled battery 101 is in thermal equilibrium when a predetermined time (for example, about 1 hour) has passed after charging or discharging. It should be noted that the determination as to whether the battery is being charged or discharged may be made based on, for example, a control signal indicating whether the battery is in operation or not, which is supplied from the host controller 130 . For example, this control signal may be a signal for controlling relay 103 .
　上記により、温度Ｔｅｍｐが電池Ｂの内部の温度により近くなるため、温度に対応付けられている基準範囲を適切に選択できるので異常検知の精度を向上できる。 Due to the above, the temperature Temp becomes closer to the internal temperature of the battery B, so the reference range associated with the temperature can be appropriately selected, thereby improving the accuracy of abnormality detection.
　なお、実施の形態１又は実施の形態２で説明した異常検知処理を用いる場合においても同様に熱平衡状態において交流インピーダンスを測定してもよい。 It should be noted that even when using the abnormality detection process described in the first or second embodiment, the AC impedance may be similarly measured in the thermal equilibrium state.
　また、熱平衡状態に限らず、特定の電池状態において交流インピーダンスが測定されてもよい。図１９は、その場合の電池異常検知処理のフローチャートである。図１９に示す処理は、図２に示す処理に対してステップＳ１１１が追加されている。 Also, the AC impedance may be measured in a specific battery state, not limited to the thermal equilibrium state. FIG. 19 is a flowchart of battery abnormality detection processing in that case. The process shown in FIG. 19 has step S111 added to the process shown in FIG.
　電池異常検知装置１００は、組電池１０１の電池状態が、予め定められた所定状態であるか否かを判定する（Ｓ１１１）。電池異常検知装置１００は、電池状態が所定状態である場合（Ｓ１１１でＹｅｓ）、交流インピーダンスを測定し（Ｓ１０１）、交流インピーダンスを用いて異常セルの検知（Ｓ１０２～Ｓ１０８）を行う。 The battery abnormality detection device 100 determines whether the battery state of the assembled battery 101 is in a predetermined state (S111). When the battery state is in a predetermined state (Yes in S111), the battery abnormality detection device 100 measures the AC impedance (S101), and uses the AC impedance to detect abnormal cells (S102 to S108).
　ここで、電池状態とは、組電池１０１（電池Ｂ）の温度、電圧及びＳＯＣの少なくとも一つを含む。これにより、同一の状態において交流インピーダンスを測定できるので、電池状態に依存する交流インピーダンスのばらつきを低減できる。例えば、上述した実施の形態２の手法において、過去の測定条件と現在の測定条件とを合わすことができるので異常検知の精度を向上できる。 Here, the battery state includes at least one of the temperature, voltage, and SOC of the assembled battery 101 (battery B). As a result, the AC impedance can be measured in the same state, so variations in the AC impedance depending on the battery state can be reduced. For example, in the method of the second embodiment described above, since the past measurement conditions and the current measurement conditions can be matched, the accuracy of abnormality detection can be improved.
　以上のように、本実施の形態に係る異常判定部１２０Ｂは、複数の第１電池状態に予め対応付けられた複数の範囲から、現在の電池セル（電池Ｂ）の第１電池状態に対応する範囲を基準範囲に決定する。第１電池状態は、電池セルの温度、電圧及びＳＯＣの少なくとも一つを含む。 As described above, abnormality determination unit 120B according to the present embodiment determines the current first battery state of the battery cell (battery B) from a plurality of ranges previously associated with a plurality of first battery states. Determine the range as the reference range. The first battery state includes at least one of battery cell temperature, voltage, and SOC.
　例えば、交流インピーダンス測定部１１０は、電池セルが熱平衡状態の時に交流インピーダンスを測定する。 For example, the AC impedance measurement unit 110 measures the AC impedance when the battery cells are in thermal equilibrium.
　例えば、交流インピーダンス測定部１１０は、電池セルが、予め定められた第２電池状態の時に交流インピーダンスを測定する。第２電池状態は、電池セルの温度、電圧及びＳＯＣの少なくとも一つを含む。 For example, the AC impedance measurement unit 110 measures the AC impedance when the battery cell is in a predetermined second battery state. The second battery state includes at least one of battery cell temperature, voltage, and SOC.
　（実施の形態４）
　本実施の形態では、実施の形態３に係る異常セルの判定方法の変形例を説明する。図２０は、本実施の形態に係る異常判定部１２０Ｃのブロック図である。本実施の形態に係る電池異常検知装置１００は、異常判定部１２０Ｂの代わりに図２０に示す異常判定部１２０Ｃを備える。図２０に示す異常判定部１２０Ｃでは、記憶部２０６Ｂに記憶される基準範囲テーブル２０８が外部のサーバ装置３００から取得される点が実施の形態３と異なる。 (Embodiment 4)
In this embodiment, a modification of the abnormal cell determination method according to the third embodiment will be described. FIG. 20 is a block diagram of abnormality determination section 120C according to the present embodiment. Battery abnormality detection device 100 according to the present embodiment includes abnormality determination section 120C shown in FIG. 20 instead of abnormality determination section 120B. Abnormality determination unit 120C shown in FIG. 20 differs from the third embodiment in that reference range table 208 stored in storage unit 206B is obtained from external server device 300. FIG.
　図２１は、本実施の形態に係る電池異常検知システム２００の概要を示す図である。図２１に示されるように、電池異常検知システム２００は、電池異常検知装置１００と、サーバ装置３００とを備える。サーバ装置３００は、電池異常検知装置１００と離れた場所に配置されたサーバ装置である。サーバ装置３００は、いわゆるクラウドサーバである。サーバ装置３００は、例えば、他のサーバ装置とクラウドネットワーク３０１によって通信接続されている。 FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an overview of the battery abnormality detection system 200 according to this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 21 , battery abnormality detection system 200 includes battery abnormality detection device 100 and server device 300 . The server device 300 is a server device arranged at a location remote from the battery abnormality detection device 100 . The server device 300 is a so-called cloud server. The server device 300 is communicatively connected to other server devices via a cloud network 301, for example.
　電池異常検知装置１００は、例えば、ＥＶなどの自動車４００に搭載され、自動車４００のモータ４０１を駆動するための組電池１０１を監視し、組電池１０１の状態を推定する。電池異常検知装置１００が備える通信部１２２は、例えば、現在の組電池１０１の状態に対応する基準範囲テーブル２０８を無線通信によってサーバ装置３００から受信する。なお、通信部１２２とサーバ装置３００との間には、図示されない中継装置が介在する場合がある。通信部１２２によって行われる通信は、無線通信であってもよいし、有線通信であってもよい。通信部１２２によって行われる通信の通信規格についても特に限定されない。 The battery abnormality detection device 100 is installed in an automobile 400 such as an EV, monitors an assembled battery 101 for driving a motor 401 of the automobile 400, and estimates the state of the assembled battery 101. The communication unit 122 included in the battery abnormality detection device 100 receives, for example, the reference range table 208 corresponding to the current state of the assembled battery 101 from the server device 300 by wireless communication. A relay device (not shown) may be interposed between the communication unit 122 and the server device 300 . The communication performed by the communication unit 122 may be wireless communication or wired communication. The communication standard for communication performed by the communication unit 122 is not particularly limited either.
　例えば、サーバ装置３００は、組電池１０１の劣化状態（ＳＯＣ又はＳＯＨ等）を管理している。電池異常検知装置１００は、現在の組電池１０１の劣化状態に対応する基準範囲テーブル２０８をサーバ装置３００から受信し、受信した基準範囲テーブル２０８を用いて、実施の形態３で説明した手法により基準範囲を設定する。なお、電池異常検知装置１００は、現在の組電池１０１の電池状態に対応する基準範囲をサーバ装置３００から受信し、受信した基準範囲を用いて異常セルを検知してもよい。このとき、電池異常検知装置１００は、現在の組電池１０１の電池状態をサーバ装置３００に送信し、当該電池状態に対応する基準範囲をサーバ装置３００から受信してもよい。また、電池異常検知装置１００は、基準範囲の代わりに基準値を受信してもよい。 For example, the server device 300 manages the deterioration state (SOC, SOH, etc.) of the assembled battery 101 . The battery abnormality detection device 100 receives the reference range table 208 corresponding to the current deterioration state of the assembled battery 101 from the server device 300, and uses the received reference range table 208 to detect the reference range according to the method described in the third embodiment. Set a range. The battery abnormality detection device 100 may receive a reference range corresponding to the current battery state of the assembled battery 101 from the server device 300 and detect an abnormal cell using the received reference range. At this time, the battery abnormality detection device 100 may transmit the current battery state of the assembled battery 101 to the server device 300 and receive the reference range corresponding to the battery state from the server device 300 . Also, the battery abnormality detection device 100 may receive a reference value instead of the reference range.
　以上のように、電池異常検知装置１００は、さらに、サーバ装置３００と通信網を介して通信する通信部１２２を備え、基準範囲は、サーバ装置３００から取得される。これにより、例えば、電池Ｂの劣化状態を反映した判定を行うことができるので異常検知の精度を向上できる。 As described above, the battery abnormality detection device 100 further includes the communication unit 122 that communicates with the server device 300 via a communication network, and the reference range is acquired from the server device 300. As a result, for example, it is possible to make a determination that reflects the state of deterioration of the battery B, so that the accuracy of abnormality detection can be improved.
　以上、実施の形態について説明したが、本開示は、上記実施の形態に限定されるものではない。 Although the embodiments have been described above, the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments.
　例えば、上記実施の形態では、ＥＶなどの自動車に用いられる電池を対象とする電池異常検知装置及び電池異常検知システムについて説明されたが、電池異常検知装置及び電池異常検知システムは、どのような用途の電池を対象としてもよい。 For example, in the above embodiments, the battery abnormality detection device and the battery abnormality detection system for batteries used in automobiles such as EVs have been described. batteries may be targeted.
　また、上記では、複数の実施の形態において、異常セルの判定方法の複数の例を説明したが、これらが組み合わされてもよい。例えば、電池異常検知装置１００は、複数の実施の形態において説明した複数の異常セルの判定方法の各々で判定を行い、少なくとも一つの方法で異常セルと判定された電池Ｂを異常セルと判定してもよい。 In the above description, multiple examples of methods for determining abnormal cells have been described in multiple embodiments, but these may be combined. For example, the battery abnormality detection device 100 performs determination by each of the plurality of methods for determining abnormal cells described in a plurality of embodiments, and determines battery B, which has been determined as an abnormal cell by at least one method, to be an abnormal cell. may
　また、上記実施の形態で説明された回路構成は、一例であり、本開示は上記回路構成に限定されない。つまり、上記回路構成と同様に、本開示の特徴的な機能を実現できる回路も本開示に含まれる。例えば、上記回路構成と同様の機能を実現できる範囲で、ある素子に対して、直列又は並列に、スイッチング素子（トランジスタ）、抵抗素子、または容量素子等の素子が接続されたものも本開示に含まれる。 Also, the circuit configurations described in the above embodiments are examples, and the present disclosure is not limited to the above circuit configurations. In other words, the present disclosure also includes a circuit capable of realizing the characteristic functions of the present disclosure, as well as the circuit configuration described above. For example, to the extent that the same function as the above circuit configuration can be realized, an element such as a switching element (transistor), a resistive element, or a capacitive element is connected in series or parallel to a certain element. included.
　また、上記実施の形態において、集積回路に含まれる構成要素は、ハードウェアによって実現された。しかしながら、集積回路に含まれる構成要素の一部は、当該構成要素に適したソフトウェアプログラムを実行することによって実現されてもよい。集積回路に含まれる構成要素の一部は、ＣＰＵ（Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ　Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ　Ｕｎｉｔ）またはプロセッサなどのプログラム実行部が、ハードディスクまたは半導体メモリなどの記録媒体に記録されたソフトウェアプログラムを読み出して実行することによって実現されてもよい。 Also, in the above embodiments, the components included in the integrated circuit are realized by hardware. However, some of the components contained in an integrated circuit may be implemented by executing software programs suitable for that component. Some of the components included in the integrated circuit are implemented by a program execution unit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or processor reading and executing a software program recorded on a recording medium such as a hard disk or semiconductor memory. may
　また、上記実施の形態において、特定の処理部が実行する処理を別の処理部が実行してもよい。また、上記実施の形態において説明された動作において、複数の処理の順序が変更されてもよいし、複数の処理が並行して行われてもよい。 Further, in the above embodiment, the processing executed by a specific processing unit may be executed by another processing unit. Further, in the operations described in the above embodiments, the order of multiple processes may be changed, and multiple processes may be performed in parallel.
　その他、各実施の形態に対して当業者が思いつく各種変形を施して得られる形態、または、本開示の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で各実施の形態における構成要素及び機能を任意に組み合わせることで実現される形態も本開示に含まれる。 In addition, forms obtained by applying various modifications to each embodiment that a person skilled in the art can think of, or realized by arbitrarily combining the components and functions of each embodiment within the scope of the present disclosure. Also included in the present disclosure is the form of
　１００　電池異常検知装置
　１０１　組電池
　１０２　負荷
　１０３　リレー
　１０４　トランジスタ
　１０５　参照抵抗
　１０６　負荷抵抗
　１０７　温度センサ
　１１０　交流インピーダンス測定部
　１１１　温度測定部
　１１３　電流測定部
　１１４　信号生成部
　１１５　電圧測定部
　１１７　タイミング生成部
　１１８　交流インピーダンス算出部
　１２０、１２０Ａ、１２０Ｂ、１２０Ｃ　異常判定部
　１２１　制御部
　１２２　通信部
　１３０　上位制御部
　２００　電池異常検知システム
　２０１　入力部
　２０２　比較部
　２０３　判定部
　２０４　入出力部
　２０５、２０５Ａ、２０５Ｂ　基準範囲算出部
　２０６、２０６Ｂ　記憶部
　２０７　過去の交流インピーダンス
　２０８　基準範囲テーブル
　３００　サーバ装置
　３０１　クラウドネットワーク
　４００　自動車
　４０１　モータ
　Ｂ、Ｂ１～Ｂ８　電池 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 100 battery abnormality detector 101 assembled battery 102 load 103 relay 104 transistor 105 reference resistor 106 load resistor 107 temperature sensor 110 AC impedance measurement unit 111 temperature measurement unit 113 current measurement unit 114 signal generation unit 115 voltage measurement unit 117 timing generation unit 118 AC Impedance calculation unit 120, 120A, 120B, 120C Abnormality determination unit 121 Control unit 122 Communication unit 130 Upper control unit 200 Battery abnormality detection system 201 Input unit 202 Comparison unit 203 Determination unit 204 Input/ output unit 205, 205A, 205B Reference range calculation unit 206, 206B storage unit 207 past AC impedance 208 reference range table 300 server device 301 cloud network 400 automobile 401 motor B, B1 to B8 battery

Claims (9)

  1. 　電池セルの交流インピーダンスを測定する交流インピーダンス測定部と、
    　前記交流インピーダンスが基準範囲に含まれるか否かを判定し、前記交流インピーダンスが前記基準範囲に含まれない場合、前記電池セルが異常セルであると判定する異常判定部とを備える
    　電池異常検知装置。     an AC impedance measurement unit that measures the AC impedance of the battery cell;
    an abnormality determination unit that determines whether the AC impedance is within a reference range, and determines that the battery cell is an abnormal cell if the AC impedance is not within the reference range. .
  2. 　前記交流インピーダンス測定部は、
    　前記電池セルを含む、直接に接続された複数の電池セルの各々の交流インピーダンスを測定し、
    　前記異常判定部は、
    　　測定された複数の前記交流インピーダンスから前記基準範囲を算出し、
    　　前記複数の交流インピーダンスの各々が前記基準範囲に含まれるか否かを判定し、前記交流インピーダンスが前記基準範囲に含まれない電池セルを異常セルと判定する
    　請求項１記載の電池異常検知装置。     The AC impedance measurement unit is
    measuring the AC impedance of each of a plurality of directly connected battery cells, including the battery cell;
    The abnormality determination unit is
    calculating the reference range from the plurality of measured AC impedances;
    2. The battery abnormality detection device according to claim 1, wherein it is determined whether each of the plurality of AC impedances is included in the reference range, and a battery cell whose AC impedance is not included in the reference range is determined as an abnormal cell.
  3. 　前記異常判定部は、
    　　測定された前記複数の交流インピーダンスから、最大値及び最小値を除外し、
    　　除外した後の複数の交流インピーダンスの平均値を算出し、
    　　前記平均値に基づき前記基準範囲を算出する
    　請求項２記載の電池異常検知装置。     The abnormality determination unit is
    Excluding the maximum and minimum values from the plurality of measured AC impedances,
    Calculate the average value of multiple AC impedances after exclusion,
    The battery abnormality detection device according to claim 2, wherein the reference range is calculated based on the average value.
  4. 　前記電池異常検知装置は、さらに、
    　過去に測定された交流インピーダンスを記憶する記憶部を備え、
    　前記異常判定部は、前記過去に計測された交流インピーダンスに基づき、前記基準範囲を決定する
    　請求項１記載の電池異常検知装置。     The battery abnormality detection device further comprises
    Equipped with a storage unit that stores the AC impedance measured in the past,
    The battery abnormality detection device according to claim 1, wherein the abnormality determination unit determines the reference range based on the AC impedance measured in the past.
  5. 　前記異常判定部は、複数の第１電池状態に予め対応付けられた複数の範囲から、現在の前記電池セルの前記第１電池状態に対応する範囲を前記基準範囲に決定し、
    　前記第１電池状態は、前記電池セルの温度、電圧及びＳＯＣ（Ｓｔａｔｅ　ｏｆ　Ｃｈａｒｇｅ）の少なくとも一つを含む
    　請求項１記載の電池異常検知装置。     The abnormality determination unit determines, as the reference range, a range corresponding to the first battery state of the current battery cell from a plurality of ranges previously associated with a plurality of first battery states,
    The battery abnormality detection device according to claim 1, wherein the first battery state includes at least one of temperature, voltage, and SOC (State of Charge) of the battery cell.
  6. 　前記電池異常検知装置は、さらに、サーバ装置と通信網を介して通信する通信部を備え、
    　前記基準範囲は、前記サーバ装置から取得される
    　請求項１記載の電池異常検知装置。     The battery abnormality detection device further comprises a communication unit that communicates with the server device via a communication network,
    The battery abnormality detection device according to claim 1, wherein the reference range is obtained from the server device.
  7. 　前記交流インピーダンス測定部は、前記電池セルが熱平衡状態の時に前記交流インピーダンスを測定する
    　請求項１～６のいずれか１項に記載の電池異常検知装置。     The battery abnormality detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the AC impedance measurement unit measures the AC impedance when the battery cell is in a thermal equilibrium state.
  8. 　前記交流インピーダンス測定部は、前記電池セルが、予め定められた第２電池状態の時に前記交流インピーダンスを測定し、
    　前記第２電池状態は、前記電池セルの温度、電圧及びＳＯＣ（Ｓｔａｔｅ　ｏｆ　Ｃｈａｒｇｅ）の少なくとも一つを含む
    　請求項１～７のいずれか１項に記載の電池異常検知装置。     The AC impedance measuring unit measures the AC impedance when the battery cell is in a predetermined second battery state,
    The battery abnormality detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the second battery state includes at least one of temperature, voltage and SOC (State of Charge) of the battery cell.
  9. 　電池セルの交流インピーダンスを測定し、
    　前記交流インピーダンスが基準範囲に含まれるか否かを判定し、
    　前記交流インピーダンスが前記基準範囲に含まれない場合、前記電池セルが異常セルであると判定する
    　電池異常検知方法。     Measure the AC impedance of the battery cell,
    Determining whether the AC impedance is included in the reference range,
    determining that the battery cell is an abnormal cell when the AC impedance is not within the reference range.
PCT/JP2022/022607 2021-06-07 2022-06-03 Battery abnormality detecting device, and battery abnormality detecting method WO2022259973A1 (en)

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