WO2022255896A1

WO2022255896A1 - Support structure for the thermal envelope of buildings, how it is constructed and used

Info

Publication number: WO2022255896A1
Application number: PCT/RO2022/000006
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bogdan-Ciprian FŰLŐP
Original assignee: Fulop Bogdan Ciprian
Priority date: 2021-05-31
Filing date: 2022-05-26
Publication date: 2022-12-08
Also published as: RO137111A2; WO2022255896A4

Abstract

The support structure for the thermal envelope of buildings is intended to prepare the conditions for the pouring of the heat-insulating material necessary for thermal and sound insulation both for the interior and for the exterior of a building. For this purpose, the support structure consists of three substructures (1, 2, and 3) related to the floor, walls, and roof. In regard to modularization, the construction of substructures, supported by the elements of the resistance structure through beams (1b, 3b), have formwork meshes (2n, 3g) at exterior, which are supported by formwork studs (2j), which in their turn are supported at the top and bottom by tracing profiles (2a), and a wire reinforcement mesh at the middle side, which passes a reinforcement mesh wire (1g, 2i and 3f) through the eyes of some screws inserted into the elements of the resistance structure.

Description

Support structure for the thermal envelope of buildings, how it is constructed and used

This invention relates to a support structure for the thermal envelope of buildings, how it is constructed and used, both for interior and exterior.

The thermal envelope of buildings is an operation to improve the assembly of basic construction elements so as to minimize as much as possible the heat transfer from interior to exterior. The operation represents either a part of the technological process for the construction of the building or a later operation after completing the construction process, when referring to existing buildings.

In principle, the envelope consists of the addition, by pouring, pulverization or attachment, of prefabricated materials or elements with suitable insulation properties into the resistance members or other components of an already constructed building. The addition or attachment of materials with good thermal insulating properties is done by using an intermediate structure, which is more or less complex, acting as a support, distance, or guidance.

In regard to envelope a building, there are several categories of fixed or mobile structures that are added to the basic construction, and that, ulteriorly, allow the addition of insulating material during or after the construction process. These structures have diverse ways of achieving them according to the part of the resistance structure to which they refer.

The disadvantages of these solutions consist both of the considerable number of works, auxiliaries, and various materials and of the reduced possibility of avoiding the risk of thermal bridges through which the quality of the envelop is affected in terms of thermal and sound insulation, and the durability of the building.

Another technical solution provides some insulating elements between the elements of the resistance structure (US Patent 5,799,457).

The disadvantages of this solution are related to the nature of its application that is limited to regular elements only.

Through the same technique of adding prefabricated parts, for example through magnetic fixation, insulation systems are built for windows or size-limited details (US Patent 4,473,980) or roof (US Patent 4,977,711).

The disadvantages of these solutions are related to their limited nature in relation to the overall requirements of a thermally well-insulated building.

A significant range of solution to compensate for heat loss consists of adding secondary energy sources (US Patent 7,576,301 B2).

The purpose of the invention is to harmonize the way in which the structure is constructed in order to complete the envelope operation under conditions which avoid the appearance of thermal bridges, while optimizing the thickness of the elements for the thermal envelope of the building.

The problem that the invention solves is: a) to generalize the way in which the building’s thermal envelope is achieved through different methods; b) to efficiently modularize the elements of the structure supporting the envelop.

For this purpose, the enveloping of a building according to this invention will be made of a single piece of heat-insulating material poured on site in order to complete the full envelop of a building by using a structure for support, consisting of three substructures associated with the floor, walls, and roof. In regard to modularization, the construction of substructures, supported by the elements of the resistance structure, have formwork meshes at exterior, which are supported by formwork studs, which in their turn are supported at the top and bottom by some tracing profiles, and woven-wire reinforcement mesh at the middle side, which passes a wire through the eyes of some screws inserted into the elements of the resistance structure.

The advantages of this invention are: a) it is a solution with harmonized application to both interior and exterior walls of the building and to the floor and roof, b) its application is adapted to the way in which the resistance structure of the building to be insulated is constructed, c) it ensures the avoidance of thermal bridges at a high degree.

The following is an example of how this invention is used in connection with Fig. 1 - Fig. 22, which represent:

Fig. 1 - lower view of the support subassembly for the thermal envelope of the floor, over the length of the guiding beams;

Fig. 2 - upper view, perpendicular to assembly of the guiding beams, of the support subassembly for the thermal envelope of the floor;

Fig. 3 - detail of the reinforcement mesh between two guiding beams;

Fig. 4 - view of the support structure for the thermal envelope of the building, from the interior to the exterior, together with the effect of pouring the heat-insulating material; Fig. 5 - view of the support structure for the thermal envelope of the building, over the length of the wall;

Fig. 6 - view of the support structure for the thermal envelope of the building, from the exterior side of the building, together with the pouring detail of the heat-insulating material;

Fig. 7 - detail of the formwork skeleton in relation to the resistance structure of the building; Fig. 8 - detail on how to position a tracing profile with a roof slat for compensating an inclination;

Fig. 9 - view of the joinery assembly;

Fig. 10 - view of the joinery assembly before assembling the constituent elements;

Fig. 11 - section view of the joinery subassembly with its positioning in relation to the formwork mesh;

Fig. 12 - detail of the reinforcement mesh between two vertical elements and two horizontal elements of the resistance structure of the construction to be thermally enveloped;

Fig. 13 - detail of how to pass a mesh wire through the ring of a fastener;

Fig. 14 - details of the positioning and fixing in place of a formwork stud;

Fig. 15 - detail of the attaching and stretching of the formwork mesh;

Fig. 16 - detail on how to position the formwork mesh relative to the formwork studs and the resistance structure of the building;

Fig. 17 - detail on the positioning of a connection element relative to the formwork mesh and the poured heat-insulating material;

Fig. 18 - details of how to position a tracing profile, respectively formwork studs and a formwork panel;

Fig. 19 - joinery assembly with positioning and fixing in place in relation to the elements of the resistance structure of the building;

Fig. 20 - details of how to extend the formwork studs;

Fig. 21 - view of the support subassembly for the thermal envelope of a full (seamless or panel) structure roof;

Fig. 22 - view of the support subassembly for the thermal envelope of a skeleton structure roof.

According to this invention, the support structure is constructed and attached to the elements of the resistance structure of the building to be insulated. The support structure consists of several subassemblies associated with the surfaces and elements of the construction to which the thermal envelope will be attached and fixed in place.

According to the construction, the support structure is made up of a support subassembly for the thermal envelope of the floor, 1, hereinafter referred to as “floor subassembly”, a support subassembly for the thermal envelope of the wall, 2, hereinafter referred to as “wall subassembly”, and a support subassembly for the thermal envelope of the roof, 3, hereinafter referred to as “roof subassembly”.

The floor subassembly consists of and is arranged between the elements of the resistance structure of the construction. The subassembly is positioned at a certain distance from the floor of the building to be enveloped and is fixed to the resistance structure through L-shaped brackets for support and fastening, la, on which rest and are blocked the floor support beams, lb, above which some floor thermal blocks, lc, are arranged that are shaped as parallelepiped parts and are made of rigid heat-insulating material, on which some floor guiding beams, Id, are placed, which are fixed to the floor support beams, lb (Fig. 1).

A floor reinforcement mesh, le, is made between the floor guiding beams Id (Fig. 2).

The floor reinforcement mesh, le, is anchored to the floor guiding beams, Id, through some eye fasteners for fixing floor reinforcement mesh, If, such as ring screws, and is constructed by passing a floor reinforcement mesh wire, lg, made of, for example, glass fiber, through the eyes of the fasteners, If (Fig. 3).

The thermal envelope of the floor is made by pouring the heat-insulating material into the floor subassembly.

The poured thermal-insulating material fills the open space between the building floor and the top of the floor guiding beams, Id, and is combined with the poured heat-insulating material of the wall subassembly, (Fig. 4).

The wall subassembly follows the outline of the constituent elements of the resistance structure of the building to be enveloped. This is made by using a formwork skeleton (Fig. 7) that is temporarily fixed in place. This applies to both sides of the enveloping wall. The bottom and top side of the skeleton have a tracing profile, 2a, made of L-shaped semi-fabricated metal with elongated holes on both sides of its wings. In the case of an inclined upper support, the profile, 2a, is fitted using slats for compensating the inclination, 2b (Fig. 8).

A joinery assembly, 2c, may be found between the two formwork skeletons. Around each joinery element, 2d, the assembly, 2c, consists of an intermediate heat-insulating preframe, 2e, and a mounting pre-frame, 2f, which surrounds the intermediate pre-frame (Fig. 9, Fig. 10). The intermediate pre-frame is made of a rigid, heat-insulating and fire-resisting material that has same width as the wall to be made and is placed where the joinery assembly is positioned (Fig. 11). The mounting pre-frame is made of rigid material, such as wood, and is less wide than the wall to be made, in which it is positioned. The mounting frame has at least one slot for a more effective contact with the poured heat-insulating material. Inside the wall subassembly, a wall reinforcement mesh, 2g, is made which is fixed to the elements of the resistance structure of the building by means of some eye fasteners for fixing the wall reinforcement mesh, 2h, and which is constructed by passing a wall reinforcement mesh wire, 2i, through the eye of the fasteners (Fig. 12, Fig. 13).

The construction of the formwork skeleton also uses some formwork studs, 2j, which are made of L-shaped semi-prefabricated metal with elongated holes on both sides of their wings, just like the tracing profiles, 2a. The formwork studs are positioned vertically, along the entire length of the wall to be made, and at a certain distance from each other (Fig. 7).

The formwork studs, 2j, are fixed to the elements of the resistance structure by means of some threaded fixing and positioning elements, 2k, and some nut-washer pairs, 21 (Fig. 14). The studs are stiffened by using some stiffening threaded elements, 2m, assembled with some nut-washer pairs, 21 (Fig. 7, Fig. 15).

Once the skeleton is made, the formwork for the pouring of the heat-insulating material is made by attaching and stretching a flexible prefabricated mesh that acts as a lost and reinforcement form, such as a wall wire formwork mesh, 2n, which is made of glass fiber, and which leans against the formwork studs, 2j (Fig. 16). The attaching of the wall formwork mesh, 2n, is made by means of some rectangular metal profiles, 2o, with elongated holes. For a better stiffening of the wall formwork mesh, 2n, with the heat-insulating material, some connection elements, 2p, such as threaded plastic cone dowels, are added through the eyes of the mesh (Fig. 17).

At the bottom of the formwork studs, 2j, and the exterior side of the walls to be made, an auxiliary rigid form panel, 2r, may be temporarily fixed in place instead of the wall formwork mesh, 2n (Fig. 18), in order to leave a space for wall waterproofing works after the removal of the panel.

Upon the completion of the wall subassembly, the pouring of the heat-insulating material incorporating, totally or partially, the elements of the neighboring resistance structure will take place.

The subassembly of the wall is constructed as follows: a) Tracing of the wall boundaries by temporarily fixing in place the tracing profiles 2a.

The fixing in place is done on both sides of the wall to be made and at both the bottom and the top of the wall. The fixing in place at the bottom of the wall and toward the exterior side of the wall is done in the floor of the enclosure, and the fixing for the interior side of the future wall is done in the floor guiding beams, Id (Fig. 4 and Fig. 6). At the top and toward the interior side of the future wall, these profiles are temporarily fixed to the elements of the resistance structure of the ceiling or roof, and toward the outer side of the future wall, they are fixed to roof guiding beams, 3d (Fig. 6).

If the elements of the resistance structure of the roof have a certain inclination, it will be compensated by adding, in case of interior formwork skeleton, a slat for compensating the inclination, 2b, inserted between the elements of the resistance structure of the roof and the tracing profile, 2a, before its mounting, and, in the case of the exterior formwork skeleton, by adding a slat over the roof guiding beams, 3d (Fig. 8). b) The joinery assemblies, 2c, are fixed to the elements of the building’s resistance structure or to an auxiliary structure (Fig. 19). c) The wall reinforcement mesh, 2g, is constructed in one or more layers. In order to make this mesh, there are fixed into the elements of the resistance structure, into the beams of the support structure for the thermal envelope of the floor and roof subassemblies, and into the mounting pre-frames, 2f, of the joinery subassemblies of the wall to be made the eye fasteners for fixing the wall reinforcement mesh, 2h, and through the eye of the fasteners, a wall reinforcement mesh wire, 2i, is passed through and is stretched both vertically and horizontally (Fig. 12). d) The formwork studs, 2j, are fixed at both sides of the wall to be made, and at a certain distance from each other, and at a certain distance from the elements of the resistance structure. The formwork studs, 2j, are temporarily fixed to both the tracing profiles, 2a, and the elements of the resistance structure of the building. The studs, 2j, are fixed to the elements of the neighboring resistance structure by means of threaded fixing and positioning elements, 2k, which are fixed at one end to the elements of the resistance structure, and by means of nut-washer pairs, 21. Once they are fixed in place, the formwork studs, 2j, are stiffen, and some threaded stiffening elements, 2m, are positioned between them, assembled with the nut-washer pairs, 21 (Fig. 7). If the height (length) of the formwork studs, 2j, is not sufficient, they can be tied together (Fig. 20). e) The wall formwork mesh, 2n, is attached and stretched to support the heat-insulating material to be poured. The attaching of the wall formwork mesh, 2n, is done by making the ends of this mesh rigid. Making an end rigid is done by using metal profiles, 2o, between which that end of the wall formwork mesh, 2n, is fixed in place, followed by running this resulting assembly over the wall formwork mesh, 2n. The resulting end is temporary fixed to a formwork stud, 2j, that is at one end of the wall to be made. After making one end of the wall formwork mesh, 2n, it is stretched over the length of the wall to be made. The same is also done at the other end of the future wall in order to form a second rigid end of the wall formwork mesh, 2n, which, in its turn, will be temporarily attached to at least the last two formwork studs, 2j, of the wall to be made. The fixing in place of the second rigid end of the wall formwork mesh, 2n, is done by using some threaded stiffening elements, 2m, designed to move that rigid end in order to stretch the wall formwork mesh, 2n, by means of nut-washer pairs, 21, which are moved on the threaded rigid elements, 2m (Fig. 15). f) Once the wall formwork mesh, 2n, is attached and stretched, some connection elements, 2p, are inserted through the mesh’s eyes, from the exterior of the wall toward the interior, in order to stiffen the mesh, 2n, with the heat-insulating material to be poured (Fig. 17). g) The heat-insulating material is poured between the two formwork meshes of the wall, 2n (Fig. 4, Fig. 6). The pouring, as well as the attaching and stretching of the wall formwork mesh, 2n, can be done in several stages, limited only to the area where it is desired to perform the pouring of the heat-insulating material. h) After the heat-insulating material has strengthened, the elements that are temporarily fixed in place may be removed and the finishing of the resulting wall may continue.

The roof subassembly, 3, is arranged above the constituent elements of the resistance structure of the roof enclosure, in the case of full (seamless or panel) structure roofs, and below, between and above the constituent elements of the resistance structure in the case of skeleton structure roofs.

For roofs with a full, seamless or panel, resistance structure, the roof thermal blocks, 3a, are inserted on the resistance element(s) of the roof, above which some roof support beams, 3b, are fixed to the roofs resistance structure, after which other roof thermal blocks, 3a, are added. These roof thermal blocks serve as support for some roof guiding beams, 3c, which are fixed to the roof support beams, 3b. Between the roof guiding beams, 3c, a roof reinforcement mesh, 3d, is made, which is fixed in place by some eye fasteners for fixing the roof reinforcement mesh, 3e, such as ring screws, by passing a roof reinforcement mesh wire, 3f, through the eye of the fasteners. If the roof guiding beams, 3c, have a certain inclination, a roof formwork mesh, 3g, is fixed to them above (Fig. 21).

The heat-insulating material is poured into the roof subassembly, into the open space between the resistance element(s) of the full (seamless or panel) structure roof and the roof formwork mesh, 3g, respectively on the top side of the roof guiding beams, 3c, if this mesh is not present. In the case of roofs with skeleton resistance structure, the construction of the roof subassembly, is done in the same way as if it were a full (seamless or panel) structure roof. However, the roof reinforcement mesh, 3d, may also be made between the resistance elements of the roof, and, at their bottom side, some roof thermal blocks, 3a, are inserted, above which, on their bottom side, a roof formwork mesh, 3g, is fixed to the elements of the roofs resistance structure, having the role of a formwork for the pouring of the heat-insulating material (Fig. 22).

If necessary, for the support of the poured heat-insulating material, some support beams, 3h, made of a rigid material, such as wood, may be temporarily fixed to the elements of the resistance structure of the roof. To complete the roof envelope, the heat-insulating material is poured into the open space between the two formwork meshes, 3g, of the roof subassembly (Fig. 4).

References

1. Hubert FRITSCHI, Werner VENTER, Andre WEBER. Element for thermal insulation. Publishing date: 25 Jan. 2018, US Patent 10,590,645 B2.

2. Armin SCHUMACHER, Gerhard TRUNZ. Structural element for thermal insulation. Publishing date: 18 Feb. 1997, US Patent 5,799,457.

3. Kenneth J. Foster, Thermal insulation structure for windows. Publishing date: 17 Dec. 1980, US Patent 4,473,980.

4. Christopher Norman GASKELL, Building incorporating a thermal insulation assembly and method of conserving energy. Publishing date: 28 Sep. 2004, US Patent 7,576,301 B2.

5. Herbert PRIGNITZ, Thermal insulation material as insulating and sealing layer for roof areas, Publishing date: 18 May 1989, US Patent 4,977,711.

Claims

1. The support structure for the thermal envelope of buildings, having the purpose of allowing the addition of heat-insulating material without interruption and thermal loss, is characterized by the fact that it is composed of floor subassembly (1), wall subassembly (2) and roof subassembly (3) that are determined by the subunits of the resistance and functional structure of the building.

2. The support structure as in claim 1 is characterized by the fact that the floor subassembly (1) is arranged between and fixed to the resistance elements of the construction by means of L-shaped brackets for support and fastening (la) that bear some floor support beams (lb) and that are fixed to them, over which some thermal blocks (lc), made of rigid heat- insulating material, are inserted, which support some floor guiding beams (Id).

3. The support structure as in claim 2 is characterized by the fact that floor subassembly

(1), wall subassembly (2) and roof subassembly (3) include at interior some interconnected reinforcement meshes (le, 2g and 3d) constructed by passing a reinforcement mesh wire (lg, 2i and 3f) through the eyes of some fasteners for fixing the reinforcement mesh (If, 2h and 3e) inserted into the constituent parts or some elements that are supported by the elements of the neighboring resistance structure of the building.

4. A support structure as in claim 1 is characterized by the fact that the wall subassembly

(2) follows the outline of the elements of the resistance structure of the building to be enveloped, consists of a formwork skeleton constructed for both side of the wall to be enveloped, is delimited by two tracing profiles (2a), and has between these skeletons some possible joinery elements, a wall reinforcement mesh (2g), fixed to the elements of the resistance structure of the building, and some formwork studs (2j) against which the wall formwork mesh (2n) leans.

5. The support structure as in claim 4 is characterized by the fact that the wall joinery elements are included into an assembly constructed around them and composed of an intermediate heat-insulating pre-frame (2e) and a mounting pre-frame (2f), which surrounds the intermediate pre-frame.

6. The support structure as in claim 4 is characterized by the fact that formwork studs (2j) are fixed to the elements of the resistance structure with the corresponding fixing and positioning elements (2k) and with the corresponding nut-washer pairs (21).

7. The support structure as in claim 4 is characterized by the fact that the construction of the formwork is done by means of a flexible formwork mesh (2n and 3g).

8. The support structure as in claim 4 is characterized by the fact that the wall formwork mesh (2n) is attached to the formwork skeleton at its ends by means of some rectangular metal profiles (2o) and is stretched by distancing one end of the mesh, which is fixed between the profiles (2o), using threaded stiffening elements (2m), on which the nut- washer pairs (21) are moved.

9. The support structure as in claim 4 is characterized by the fact that the wall obtained by pouring the heat-insulating material into the support structure of the wall subassembly (2) consists only of heat-insulating material reinforced internally by the wall reinforcement mesh (2g) and externally by the wall formwork mesh (2n).

10. The way in which the support structure for the thermal envelope of the building is made, so it allows the addition of heat-insulating material without interruption and thermal loss, is characterized by the fact that it assumes that the floor subassembly (1), wall subassembly (2) and roof subassembly (3) are dealt with separately.

11. The way in which the floor subassembly is made in accordance with claim 10 is characterized by the following sequence of operations: a) fixing the L-shaped brackets for support and fastening (la) to the neighboring elements of the resistance structure; b) fixing the floor support beams (lb) to the support brackets (la); c) inserting the floor thermal blocks (lc) on the floor support beams (lb); d) fixing the floor guiding beams (Id) to the floor support beams (lb); e) fixing the fasteners for the floor reinforcement mesh (If) to the floor guiding beams (Id); f) passing a floor reinforcement mesh wire (lg) through the eyes of the fasteners (If).

12. The way in which the wall subassembly is made in accordance with claim 10 is characterized by the following sequence of operations: a) drawing the boundaries of the walls by temporarily fixing the tracing profiles (2a) for the both sides of the wall to be made; b) fixing the joinery assemblies (2c) to the elements of the building’s resistance structure or to an auxiliary structure; c) constructing a wall reinforcement mesh (2g) in one or more layers; d) fixing the formwork studs (2j) to the both sides of the wall to be made; e) attaching and stretching the wall formwork mesh (2n) for supporting the heat-insulating material to be poured; f) inserting the connection elements (2p).

13. The way in which the roof subassembly is made in accordance with claim 10 is characterized by the following sequence of operations: a) placing thermal roof blocks (3a) above the resistance elements of the roof to be enveloped; b) fixing the roof support beams (3b) to the neighboring resistance elements of the roof; c) inserting the roof thermal blocks (3a) on the roof support beams (3b); d) fixing the roof guiding beams (3c) to the roof support beams (3b); e) constructing the roof reinforcement mesh (3d); f) fixing the roof formwork mesh(es) (3g); g) temporary fixing other support beams (3h), where applicable.

14. The way in which the support structure for the thermal envelope of the building is used, so it allows the addition of the heat-insulating material without interruption or thermal loss, is characterized by the fact that the heat-insulating material is poured either continuously or on sections into the open space between the elements of the structure, after which the temporarily fixed elements may be disassembled and reused or may remain fixed in place and used as support for the finishing elements of the building.