WO2022252243A1 - Self-adaptive anti-shearing large-deformation anchor rod - Google Patents
Self-adaptive anti-shearing large-deformation anchor rod Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022252243A1 WO2022252243A1 PCT/CN2021/098540 CN2021098540W WO2022252243A1 WO 2022252243 A1 WO2022252243 A1 WO 2022252243A1 CN 2021098540 W CN2021098540 W CN 2021098540W WO 2022252243 A1 WO2022252243 A1 WO 2022252243A1
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- connecting rod
- section
- free
- anchoring
- deformation
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- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036346 tooth eruption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/008—Anchoring or tensioning means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0093—Accessories
Definitions
- the invention relates to a bolt used in slope engineering, tunnel engineering and mining engineering, in particular to a self-adaptive anti-shearing large deformation bolt.
- Existing bolts are made up of anchor heads, pull rods and anchor bodies.
- the anchor head is composed of anchorage, pressure plate, beam and pedestal;
- the tie rod is made of steel bar and steel strand;
- the anchor body is a pull-out member that connects the tie rod and the soil body with cement slurry or cement mortar.
- Different sections of the anchor rod have different anchoring functions in the soil layer.
- the free section is in the unstable soil layer that may slide and can expand and contract freely. Its function is to transfer the load borne by the anchor head to the anchor section outside the active sliding surface; the anchor section is in the stable soil layer, and the surrounding soil layer Firmly bonded to distribute loads in stable soil.
- Ge Yunfeng invented a new type of shear-resistant large-deformation anchor including the anchorage section, the free section, the sleeve, the constant resistance block and the connecting sleeve.
- the elastic deformation produced by the connecting sleeve resists the shear deformation of the rock and soil, and the constant resistance block provides constant resistance for the anchor rod;
- some researchers also provide a serrated sleeve at the anchor head to achieve large shear deformation resistance.
- the anti-shear large deformation bolt structure provided by scholars improves the bolt from the aspects of material and structure, but it does not change the state of the bolt itself under the shear force. After a certain deformation of the bolt, it is prone to shear Cut damage, and some have higher requirements on the elastic properties of materials.
- the present invention provides a novel anti-shear large deformation bolt, which changes the stress state of the bolt, converts the shear force into the axial force of the bolt, and adapts to large shear deformation of geological bodies.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects existing in the prior art, and propose an adaptive anti-shear large deformation anchor rod, which adopts three-stage and hinged methods to improve the adaptability of the anchor rod to large deformation and shear resistance properties.
- the self-adaptive anti-shear large deformation bolt of the present invention includes a free section, a large shear deformation section and an anchor section;
- the anti-shear large deformation section is composed of a connecting rod at the anchoring end, a connecting rod at the free end, and a sleeve.
- the inner wall of one end of the sleeve is threaded, and the other end is provided with locking teeth; the locking teeth are slow in the front and steep in the rear. Type (with the free section as the front), the angle and thickness of the locking teeth can be changed, and then different constant resistances and different energy absorption paths can be realized;
- the connecting rod at the anchoring end is provided with a fork-shaped joint at the rear, and threads are provided at the front part, the front end of the connecting rod at the anchoring end is connected to the threaded end of the casing, and the rear end of the connecting rod at the anchoring end is hingedly connected with the front end of the anchoring section through a fork-shaped joint;
- the shaped joint can rotate vertically, and can convert the shear force of the geological body into the axial force of the anchor;
- One end of the connecting rod at the free end is inserted into a section of the casing with teeth, and several steel balls are arranged at the last part of the teeth along the circumference of the connecting rod at the free end, and bolts are arranged at the end of the connecting rod at the free end, and the bolts block the steel balls.
- the steel ball will not fall off from the free end connecting rod;
- the diameter of the steel ball is larger than the distance between the free end connecting rod and the inner wall of the casing, and the steel balls are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the free end connecting rod, changing the diameter and number of steel balls can achieve different resistance;
- the other end of the connecting rod at the free end is provided with a fork joint, and is connected with the rear end hinge of the free section through the fork joint.
- the articulated way of the fork joint can also be the articulated way of a collar and a cardan shaft.
- the present invention changes the anchor rod from the traditional two-stage free section and anchor section into a three-stage free section, large shear deformation section, and anchor section, and the large shear deformation section is connected with the free section and the anchor section by hinges , used to transform the shear force into axial force, which improves the anti-deformation and anti-shear performance.
- the teeth provide constant resistance.
- the present invention has no other requirements on the material.
- the hinged structure can be used to convert the shear force acting on the anchor rod into an axial force, and the bending shear large deformation section can provide resistance by cutting the teeth with steel balls. At the same time, it adapts to the shear deformation, improves the co-deformation process of the bolt and the landslide and the long-term stability of the landslide.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-adaptive anti-shearing large deformation bolt of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the large shear deformation section at the steel ball.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the anchor rod of the present invention adapting to shear deformation during landslide movement.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of steel ball cutting casing adapting to large deformation.
- Figure 5 is a photo of the actual object after the steel ball cuts the locking teeth.
- the self-adaptive anti-shearing large deformation bolt of the present invention comprises a free section 1 , a large shearing deformation section 2 and an anchoring section 3 .
- the large shear deformation section 2 is composed of a connecting rod 21 at the anchoring end, a connecting rod 22 at the free end, and a casing 23.
- the casing 23 is a steel casing, the inner wall of one end is threaded, and the other end is provided with locking teeth. 24.
- the locking teeth 24 are in the shape of slow front and steep rear (with the free section as the front), and the angle and thickness of the locking teeth can be changed, so that different constant resistances and different energy absorption paths can be realized.
- anchoring end connecting rod 21 its rear part is provided with fork joint 25, front part is provided with screw thread 6, and the front end of anchoring end connecting rod 21 is connected with sleeve pipe 23 thread end, and the rear end of anchoring end connecting rod 21 is connected with fork joint 25.
- the anchor segment 3 is hinged at the front end.
- the fork joint can rotate vertically, and can convert the shear force of the geological body into the axial force of the bolt.
- One end of the free-end connecting rod 22 is inserted into a section of the casing 23 with the locking teeth 24, and a plurality of steel balls 4 are arranged along the circumference of the free-end connecting rod 22 at the last part of the locking teeth 24, and bolts 5 are arranged at the end of the free-end connecting rod.
- the bolt 5 blocks the steel ball 4, and the steel ball 4 will not fall off from the free-end connecting rod 22;
- the diameter of the steel ball is greater than the distance between the free-end connecting rod and the inner wall of the casing, and the steel balls are equidistantly arranged in the circumferential direction of the free-end connecting rod 22, Different resistance can be achieved by changing the diameter and number of steel balls.
- the other end of the connecting rod 22 at the free end is provided with a fork joint 26, which is hinged to the rear end of the free section through the fork joint.
- Test process (bolt working process): During the movement of the landslide, the sliding bed does not move, the sliding belt is a shear belt, and the sliding body moves along the moving direction. The movement of the sliding body drives the free section 1 of the anchor rod to move in the direction of motion, and drives the anti-shear large deformation section 2 of the anchor rod to move. Since the fork joint can rotate, the shear force acting on the free section 1 of the anchor rod is transformed into The axial force of the anti-shearing large deformation section 2 pulls the anchor rod to produce axial movement; the casing, the anchoring end connecting rod 21 and the free end connecting rod 22 deflect.
- the connecting rod 22 at the free end of the anchor rod drives the bolt 5 to move, and the bolt 5 squeezes the steel ball 4 to press the steel ball 4 into the locking tooth 24, thereby providing resistance for the connecting rod 22 at the free end.
- the fork joint rotates, and the steel ball cuts the teeth, and the displacement increases gradually.
- the key point of the present invention is to change the anchor rod from the traditional two-stage free section and anchor section into a three-stage type of free section, large shear deformation section and anchor section, and the shear large deformation section is connected with the free section,
- the anchorage section is connected by a hinge to convert the shear force into an axial force;
- the bending shear large deformation section is composed of a casing with continuous locking teeth, steel balls, and an inner casing, and the steel ball cuts the locking teeth in the casing. Provides constant resistance.
- the hinged structure converts the shear force acting on the anchor into an axial force, and the large deformation section of the bending shear provides resistance through the steel ball cutting teeth, and at the same time adapts to the shear deformation, improving the collaborative deformation process of the anchor and the landslide and the landslide long-term stability.
- the articulated structure realized by the fork joint may be another structure capable of realizing articulated, such as a collar, a cardan shaft, and the like.
- the anti-shear large deformation section can also provide constant resistance and large deformation with a constant resistance block made of negative Poisson's ratio material.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
A self-adaptive anti-shearing large-deformation anchor rod, comprising a free section (1), an anti-shearing large-deformation section (2), and an anchoring section (3). The anti-shearing large-deformation section (2) is composed of an anchoring end connecting rod (21), a free end connecting rod (22), and a sleeve (23). A front end of the anchoring end connecting rod (21) is connected to a threaded end of the sleeve (23), and a rear end of the anchoring end connecting rod (21) is hinged to a front end of the anchoring section (3) by means of a fork joint (25). One end of the free end connecting rod (22) is inserted into one section of the sleeve (23) having clamping teeth (24); several steel balls (4) are arranged on the last portion of the clamping teeth (24) in the circumferential direction of the free end connecting rod (22); a bolt (5) is arranged at an end of the free end connecting rod (22), and the bolt (5) blocks the steel balls (4) and presses the steel balls (4) to cut the clamping teeth (24) to provide a resistance force, so as to adapt to a large deformation; and the other end of the free end connecting rod (22) is hinged to a rear end of the free section (1) by means of a fork joint (26). The anti-shearing large-deformation section (2) is connected to the free section (1) and the anchoring section (3) in a hinged manner, in order to convert a shearing force into an axial force, such that the anti-deformation and anti-shearing performances are improved, and a constant resistance is provided by means of the steel balls (4) cutting the clamping teeth (24) inside the sleeve (23).
Description
本发明涉及一种边坡工程、隧道工程、采矿工程中的锚杆，具体说是一种自适应抗剪切大变形锚杆。The invention relates to a bolt used in slope engineering, tunnel engineering and mining engineering, in particular to a self-adaptive anti-shearing large deformation bolt.
我国是世界上滑坡地质灾害最为严重的国家之一。随着长江经济带发展、“一带一路”倡议、西部大开发战略等重大战略规划的快速实施，川藏铁路、金沙江、雅鲁藏布江、雅砻江流域的大型水利水电工程等重大工程在地质条件复杂的滑坡灾害频发区兴建。这些重大工程的建设和运行显著改变了原有的地质条件、水文条件，加之21世纪以来全球气候剧烈变化，极端天气频发，导致地质灾害剧增，而滑坡以其危害性大、分布最广泛而广受关注。滑坡灾害造成巨大的损失和影响已引起国家的高度重视和社会的广泛关注，滑坡有效防控及科学评价是保障社会经济和人民生命财产安全的迫切需求。锚固技术以其主动性、安全性、经济性而在世界边坡工程、隧道工程、采矿工程中得到广泛运用，但传统的压力型/张力型锚固技术无法适应复杂的地质环境。滑坡沿滑动面发生剪切大变形，造成防治结构发生剪切破坏，抗滑体系失效，滑坡失稳破坏。my country is one of the countries with the most serious landslide geological disasters in the world. With the rapid implementation of major strategic plans such as the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the “Belt and Road” Initiative, and the Western Development Strategy, major projects such as the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, the Jinsha River, the Yarlung Zangbo River, and the Yarlung River Basin are under complex geological conditions. landslide disaster-prone areas. The construction and operation of these major projects have significantly changed the original geological and hydrological conditions. In addition, since the 21st century, the global climate has changed drastically and extreme weather has occurred frequently, resulting in a sharp increase in geological disasters. Landslides are most harmful and widely distributed. And received wide attention. The huge losses and impacts caused by landslide disasters have attracted great attention from the state and widespread concern from the society. Effective prevention and control of landslides and scientific evaluation are urgent needs to ensure the safety of social economy and people's lives and properties. Anchorage technology has been widely used in slope engineering, tunnel engineering, and mining engineering in the world because of its initiative, safety, and economy. However, the traditional pressure-type/tension-type anchoring technology cannot adapt to complex geological environments. The large shear deformation of the landslide along the sliding surface causes the shear failure of the prevention and control structure, the failure of the anti-slide system, and the instability and destruction of the landslide.
现有的锚杆由锚头、拉杆和锚固体组成。锚头由锚具、承压板、横梁和台座组成；拉杆采用钢筋、钢绞线制成；锚固体是由水泥浆或水泥砂浆将拉杆与土体连结成一体的抗拔构件。锚杆的不同段在土层内起的锚固作用不同。自由段处在可能滑动的不稳定土层中，可以自由伸缩，其作用是将锚头所承受的荷载传递到主动滑动面外的锚固段；锚固段处在稳定土层中，与周围土层牢固结合，将荷载分散到稳定土体中去。Existing bolts are made up of anchor heads, pull rods and anchor bodies. The anchor head is composed of anchorage, pressure plate, beam and pedestal; the tie rod is made of steel bar and steel strand; the anchor body is a pull-out member that connects the tie rod and the soil body with cement slurry or cement mortar. Different sections of the anchor rod have different anchoring functions in the soil layer. The free section is in the unstable soil layer that may slide and can expand and contract freely. Its function is to transfer the load borne by the anchor head to the anchor section outside the active sliding surface; the anchor section is in the stable soil layer, and the surrounding soil layer Firmly bonded to distribute loads in stable soil.
目前，学者主要对两段式锚杆的结构进行改进，如葛云峰等发明了一种包括锚固段杆体、自由段杆体、套筒、恒阻块和连接套的新型抗剪切大变形锚杆，通过连接套产生弹性变形抵抗岩土体的剪切变形，而恒阻块则为锚杆提供恒阻力；也有学者在锚头部位通过提供锯齿状套管来实现抗剪切大变形。At present, scholars mainly improve the structure of the two-stage bolt. For example, Ge Yunfeng invented a new type of shear-resistant large-deformation anchor including the anchorage section, the free section, the sleeve, the constant resistance block and the connecting sleeve. The elastic deformation produced by the connecting sleeve resists the shear deformation of the rock and soil, and the constant resistance block provides constant resistance for the anchor rod; some scholars also provide a serrated sleeve at the anchor head to achieve large shear deformation resistance.
目前学者所提供的抗剪切大变形锚杆结构从材料及结构方面对锚杆进行改进，但是均未改变锚杆本身受剪切作用力的状态，锚杆产生一定变形后就会容易发生剪切破坏，有的对材料的弹性性能有较高的要求。本发明则提供了一种新型抗剪切大变形锚杆，改变了锚杆受力状态，将剪切力转化为锚杆轴力，适应地质体剪切大变形。At present, the anti-shear large deformation bolt structure provided by scholars improves the bolt from the aspects of material and structure, but it does not change the state of the bolt itself under the shear force. After a certain deformation of the bolt, it is prone to shear Cut damage, and some have higher requirements on the elastic properties of materials. The present invention provides a novel anti-shear large deformation bolt, which changes the stress state of the bolt, converts the shear force into the axial force of the bolt, and adapts to large shear deformation of geological bodies.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的问题在于，克服现有技术存在的缺陷，提出了一种自适应抗剪切大变形锚杆，采用三段式和铰接的方式，提高了锚杆对大变形的自适应性和抗剪切的性能。The problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects existing in the prior art, and propose an adaptive anti-shear large deformation anchor rod, which adopts three-stage and hinged methods to improve the adaptability of the anchor rod to large deformation and shear resistance properties.
本发明自适应抗剪切大变形锚杆，包括自由段、抗剪切大变形段、锚固段；The self-adaptive anti-shear large deformation bolt of the present invention includes a free section, a large shear deformation section and an anchor section;
所述抗剪切大变形段由锚固端连接杆、自由端连接杆和套管构成，所述套管，其一端内壁为螺纹，另一端内部设置卡齿；所述卡齿呈前缓后陡型(以自由段为前)，卡齿角度、厚度均可以改变，进而可以实现不同大小的恒阻力及不同吸能路径；The anti-shear large deformation section is composed of a connecting rod at the anchoring end, a connecting rod at the free end, and a sleeve. The inner wall of one end of the sleeve is threaded, and the other end is provided with locking teeth; the locking teeth are slow in the front and steep in the rear. Type (with the free section as the front), the angle and thickness of the locking teeth can be changed, and then different constant resistances and different energy absorption paths can be realized;
所述锚固端连接杆，其后部设叉形接头，前段部分设螺纹，锚固端连接杆前端与套管螺纹端连接，锚固端连接杆后端通过叉形接头与锚固段前端铰链连接；叉形接头可以沿竖向发生转动，可以将地质体的剪切力转化为锚杆的轴力；The connecting rod at the anchoring end is provided with a fork-shaped joint at the rear, and threads are provided at the front part, the front end of the connecting rod at the anchoring end is connected to the threaded end of the casing, and the rear end of the connecting rod at the anchoring end is hingedly connected with the front end of the anchoring section through a fork-shaped joint; The shaped joint can rotate vertically, and can convert the shear force of the geological body into the axial force of the anchor;
所述自由端连接杆一端***到套管的带有卡齿的一段中，在卡齿的最后部位沿自由端连接杆周向设若干钢珠，自由端连接杆端部设螺栓，所述螺栓挡住钢珠，钢珠不会从自由端连接杆脱落；钢珠的直径大于自由端连接杆与套管内壁的间距，钢珠等间距布设在自由端连接杆的周向上，改变钢珠的直径与颗数可实现不同阻力；自由端连接杆另一端设叉形接头，通过叉形接头与自由段的后端铰链连接。One end of the connecting rod at the free end is inserted into a section of the casing with teeth, and several steel balls are arranged at the last part of the teeth along the circumference of the connecting rod at the free end, and bolts are arranged at the end of the connecting rod at the free end, and the bolts block the steel balls. The steel ball will not fall off from the free end connecting rod; the diameter of the steel ball is larger than the distance between the free end connecting rod and the inner wall of the casing, and the steel balls are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the free end connecting rod, changing the diameter and number of steel balls can achieve different resistance; The other end of the connecting rod at the free end is provided with a fork joint, and is connected with the rear end hinge of the free section through the fork joint.
所述叉形接头铰接方式，还可以是套环、万向轴铰接方式。The articulated way of the fork joint can also be the articulated way of a collar and a cardan shaft.
本发明将锚杆由传统的自由段、锚固段两段式改变为自由段、抗剪切大变形段、锚固段三段式，抗剪切大变形段与自由段、锚固段采用铰接相连接，用以将剪切力转变为轴力，提高了反抗变形抗剪切性能，抗弯剪切大变形段由带连续卡齿的套管、钢珠、两段连接杆组成，钢珠切割套管中的卡齿来提供恒阻力。本发明对材料没有其他要求，可在现有材料基础上，采用铰接结构使得作用在锚杆上的剪力转化为轴力，抗弯剪切大变形段则通过钢珠切割卡齿来提供阻力，同时适应剪切变形，提高锚杆与滑坡协同变形过程和滑坡的长期稳定性。The present invention changes the anchor rod from the traditional two-stage free section and anchor section into a three-stage free section, large shear deformation section, and anchor section, and the large shear deformation section is connected with the free section and the anchor section by hinges , used to transform the shear force into axial force, which improves the anti-deformation and anti-shear performance. The teeth provide constant resistance. The present invention has no other requirements on the material. On the basis of the existing materials, the hinged structure can be used to convert the shear force acting on the anchor rod into an axial force, and the bending shear large deformation section can provide resistance by cutting the teeth with steel balls. At the same time, it adapts to the shear deformation, improves the co-deformation process of the bolt and the landslide and the long-term stability of the landslide.
图1是本发明自适应抗剪切大变形锚杆结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-adaptive anti-shearing large deformation bolt of the present invention.
图2是抗剪切大变形段在钢珠部位的截面图。Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the large shear deformation section at the steel ball.
图3是滑坡运动过程中本发明锚杆适应剪切变形示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the anchor rod of the present invention adapting to shear deformation during landslide movement.
图4是钢珠切割套管适应大变形示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of steel ball cutting casing adapting to large deformation.
图5是钢珠切割卡齿后实物照片。Figure 5 is a photo of the actual object after the steel ball cuts the locking teeth.
下面结合实施例和附图，对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.
实施例Example
本发明自适应抗剪切大变形锚杆，包括自由段1、抗剪切大变形段2、锚固段3。所述抗剪切大变形段2，由锚固端连接杆21、自由端连接杆22和套管23构成，所述套管23为钢套管，其一端内壁为螺纹，另一端内部设置卡齿24；所述卡齿24呈前缓后陡型(以自由段为前)，卡齿角度、厚度均可以改变，进而可以实现不同大小的恒阻力及不同吸能路径。所述锚固端连接杆21，其后部设叉形接头25，前段部分设螺纹6，锚固端连接杆21前端与套管23螺纹端连接，锚固端连接杆21后端通过叉形接头25与锚固段3前端铰链连接。叉形接头可以沿竖向发生转动，可以将地质体的剪切力转化为锚杆的轴力。所述自由端连接杆22一端***到套管23的带有卡齿24的一段中，在卡齿24的最后部位沿自由端连接杆22周向设若干钢珠4，自由端连接杆端部设螺栓5，所述螺栓5挡住钢珠4，钢珠4不会从自由端连接杆22脱落；钢珠的直径大于自由端连接杆与套管内壁的间距，钢珠等间距布设在自由端连接杆22的周向上，改变钢珠的直径与颗数可实现不同阻力。自由端连接杆22另一端设叉形接头26，通过叉形接头与自由段的后端铰链连接。The self-adaptive anti-shearing large deformation bolt of the present invention comprises a free section 1 , a large shearing deformation section 2 and an anchoring section 3 . The large shear deformation section 2 is composed of a connecting rod 21 at the anchoring end, a connecting rod 22 at the free end, and a casing 23. The casing 23 is a steel casing, the inner wall of one end is threaded, and the other end is provided with locking teeth. 24. The locking teeth 24 are in the shape of slow front and steep rear (with the free section as the front), and the angle and thickness of the locking teeth can be changed, so that different constant resistances and different energy absorption paths can be realized. Described anchoring end connecting rod 21, its rear part is provided with fork joint 25, front part is provided with screw thread 6, and the front end of anchoring end connecting rod 21 is connected with sleeve pipe 23 thread end, and the rear end of anchoring end connecting rod 21 is connected with fork joint 25. The anchor segment 3 is hinged at the front end. The fork joint can rotate vertically, and can convert the shear force of the geological body into the axial force of the bolt. One end of the free-end connecting rod 22 is inserted into a section of the casing 23 with the locking teeth 24, and a plurality of steel balls 4 are arranged along the circumference of the free-end connecting rod 22 at the last part of the locking teeth 24, and bolts 5 are arranged at the end of the free-end connecting rod. , the bolt 5 blocks the steel ball 4, and the steel ball 4 will not fall off from the free-end connecting rod 22; the diameter of the steel ball is greater than the distance between the free-end connecting rod and the inner wall of the casing, and the steel balls are equidistantly arranged in the circumferential direction of the free-end connecting rod 22, Different resistance can be achieved by changing the diameter and number of steel balls. The other end of the connecting rod 22 at the free end is provided with a fork joint 26, which is hinged to the rear end of the free section through the fork joint.
试验过程(锚杆工作过程)：滑坡运动过程中，滑床不运动，滑带为剪切带，滑体沿运动方向运动。滑体运动带动锚杆自由段1沿运动方向运动，并带动锚杆抗剪切大变形段2运动，由于叉形接头可发生转动，作用在锚杆自由段1的剪切力转化为锚杆抗剪切大变形段2的轴力，拉动锚杆抗剪切大变形段2产生轴向运动；套管与锚固端连接杆21、自由端连接杆22发生偏转。在轴力作用下，锚杆自由端连接杆22带动螺栓5运动，螺栓5挤压钢珠4，将钢珠4压入卡齿24中，进而为自由端连接杆22提供阻力。随着滑***移增大，叉形接头旋转，钢珠切割卡齿，位移逐渐增大。Test process (bolt working process): During the movement of the landslide, the sliding bed does not move, the sliding belt is a shear belt, and the sliding body moves along the moving direction. The movement of the sliding body drives the free section 1 of the anchor rod to move in the direction of motion, and drives the anti-shear large deformation section 2 of the anchor rod to move. Since the fork joint can rotate, the shear force acting on the free section 1 of the anchor rod is transformed into The axial force of the anti-shearing large deformation section 2 pulls the anchor rod to produce axial movement; the casing, the anchoring end connecting rod 21 and the free end connecting rod 22 deflect. Under the action of the axial force, the connecting rod 22 at the free end of the anchor rod drives the bolt 5 to move, and the bolt 5 squeezes the steel ball 4 to press the steel ball 4 into the locking tooth 24, thereby providing resistance for the connecting rod 22 at the free end. As the displacement of the sliding body increases, the fork joint rotates, and the steel ball cuts the teeth, and the displacement increases gradually.
本发明的关键点在于：将锚杆由传统的自由段、锚固段两段式改变为自由段、抗剪切大变形段、锚固段三段式，并且抗剪切大变形段与自由段、锚固段采用铰接相连接，用以将剪切力转变为轴力；抗弯剪切大变形段由带连续卡齿的套管、钢珠、内套管组成，钢珠切割套管中的卡齿来提供恒阻力。采用铰接结构使得作用在锚杆上的剪力转化为轴力，抗弯剪切大变形段则通过钢珠切割卡齿来提供阻力，同时适应剪切变形，提高锚杆与滑坡协同变形过程和滑坡的长期稳定性。The key point of the present invention is to change the anchor rod from the traditional two-stage free section and anchor section into a three-stage type of free section, large shear deformation section and anchor section, and the shear large deformation section is connected with the free section, The anchorage section is connected by a hinge to convert the shear force into an axial force; the bending shear large deformation section is composed of a casing with continuous locking teeth, steel balls, and an inner casing, and the steel ball cuts the locking teeth in the casing. Provides constant resistance. The hinged structure converts the shear force acting on the anchor into an axial force, and the large deformation section of the bending shear provides resistance through the steel ball cutting teeth, and at the same time adapts to the shear deformation, improving the collaborative deformation process of the anchor and the landslide and the landslide long-term stability.
本发明中，叉形接头实现的铰接结构，可以还是套环、万向轴等其他可实现铰接的结构。抗剪切大变形段也可用负泊松比材料制作的恒阻块来提供恒阻力及大变形。In the present invention, the articulated structure realized by the fork joint may be another structure capable of realizing articulated, such as a collar, a cardan shaft, and the like. The anti-shear large deformation section can also provide constant resistance and large deformation with a constant resistance block made of negative Poisson's ratio material.
Claims (4)
- 一种自适应抗剪切大变形锚杆，其特征是：包括自由段、抗剪切大变形段、锚固段；An adaptive anti-shear large deformation bolt is characterized in that it includes a free section, a large shear deformation section and an anchor section;所述抗剪切大变形段由锚固端连接杆、自由端连接杆和套管构成，所述套管，其一端内壁为螺纹，另一端内部设置卡齿；The anti-shearing large deformation section is composed of a connecting rod at the anchoring end, a connecting rod at the free end, and a sleeve. The inner wall of one end of the sleeve is threaded, and the other end is provided with locking teeth;所述锚固端连接杆，其后部设叉形接头，前段部分设螺纹，锚固端连接杆前端与套管螺纹端连接，锚固端连接杆后端通过叉形接头与锚固段前端铰链连接；The connecting rod at the anchoring end has a fork-shaped joint at its rear, threads at the front part, the front end of the connecting rod at the anchoring end is connected to the threaded end of the casing, and the rear end of the connecting rod at the anchoring end is hingedly connected to the front end of the anchoring section through a fork-shaped joint;所述自由端连接杆一端***到套管的带有卡齿的一段中，在卡齿的最后部位沿自由端连接杆周向设若干钢珠，自由端连接杆端部设螺栓，所述螺栓挡住钢珠，钢珠不会从自由端连接杆脱落；自由端连接杆另一端设叉形接头，通过叉形接头与自由段的后端铰链连接。One end of the connecting rod at the free end is inserted into a section of the casing with teeth, and several steel balls are arranged at the last part of the teeth along the circumference of the connecting rod at the free end, and bolts are arranged at the end of the connecting rod at the free end, and the bolts block the steel balls. The steel ball will not fall off from the connecting rod at the free end; the other end of the connecting rod at the free end is provided with a fork joint, which is connected to the rear hinge of the free section through the fork joint.
- 根据权利要求1所述的自适应抗剪切大变形锚杆，其特征是：所述卡齿呈前缓后陡型。The self-adaptive anti-shearing large deformation bolt according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the teeth are slow in front and steep in back.
- 根据权利要求1所述的自适应抗剪切大变形锚杆，其特征是：所述钢珠的直径大于自由端连接杆与套管内壁的间距，钢珠等间距布设在自由端连接杆的周向上。The self-adaptive anti-shearing large deformation bolt according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the diameter of the steel ball is greater than the distance between the free end connecting rod and the inner wall of the casing, and the steel balls are equidistantly arranged in the circumferential direction of the free end connecting rod .
- 根据权利要求1所述的自适应抗剪切大变形锚杆，其特征是：所述叉形接头替换为套环、万向轴，用以实现铰接。The self-adaptive anti-shearing large deformation bolt according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the fork joint is replaced by a collar and a cardan shaft to realize the hinge.
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| CN105257328B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-07-28 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of the segmentation archoring slip casting archoring-balt device and its anchoring process of energy automatic clamping |
| CN107218072B (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2019-03-12 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of extrusion friction type constant-resistance allows pressure large deformation anchor rod |
| CN108756974B (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2020-02-14 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Anti-shearing large-deformation anchor rod |
| CN109750664B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-10-30 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Novel bipolar constant-resistance large-deformation anchor rod component |
| CN211397620U (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-09-01 | 谢时雳 | Recoverable expanding anchor rod |
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| US4437795A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1984-03-20 | Birmingham Bolt Company | Mine roof anchor assembly |
| CN201943725U (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2011-08-24 | 北京科技大学 | Friction sleeve type large-deformation anchor rod |
| CN206246140U (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-06-13 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of constant-resistance allows pressure assembled bolt |
| CN206337561U (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-07-18 | 山东大学 | A kind of anchor pole for being used to improve retaining wall bearing capacity |
| CN108868853A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-11-23 | 缪协兴 | One kind allows pressing glass steel anchor pole |
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| CN113153393B (en) | 2022-08-02 |
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