WO2022250060A1 - 軸受装置の状態の検出方法、検出装置、およびプログラム - Google Patents
軸受装置の状態の検出方法、検出装置、およびプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022250060A1 WO2022250060A1 PCT/JP2022/021283 JP2022021283W WO2022250060A1 WO 2022250060 A1 WO2022250060 A1 WO 2022250060A1 JP 2022021283 W JP2022021283 W JP 2022021283W WO 2022250060 A1 WO2022250060 A1 WO 2022250060A1
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- rollers
- oil film
- film thickness
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- bearing device
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 66
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002405 diagnostic procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bearing device state detection method, detection device, and program.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a method of applying a low DC voltage to a bearing and diagnosing the state of the oil film in the bearing from the measured voltage.
- Patent Document 2 there is a method in which an oil film is modeled as a capacitor, an AC voltage is applied to the rotating ring of the bearing in a non-contact state, and the oil film state of the bearing device is estimated based on the measured capacitance. disclosed.
- the present invention aims to detect the oil film thickness inside the bearing device and the metal contact ratio between parts with high accuracy, assuming line contact that occurs inside the bearing device.
- a detection method for detecting the state of a bearing device including a plurality of rollers and first and second members forming rolling surfaces of the plurality of rollers comprising: applying an alternating voltage to an electric circuit composed of the plurality of rollers and the first and second members; measuring the impedance and phase angle of the electric circuit when the alternating voltage is applied; Oil film thickness and metal contact ratio between at least one of the first member and the plurality of rollers or between the second member and the plurality of rollers based on the impedance and the phase angle derive, The oil film thickness and the metal contact ratio correspond to an electric circuit formed by line contact between rollers occurring in the bearing device and at least one of the first and second members.
- a detection method characterized by being derived using a calculation formula.
- a detection device for detecting the state of a bearing device including a plurality of rollers and first and second members forming rolling surfaces of the plurality of rollers
- Acquisition means for acquiring the impedance and phase angle of the electric circuit when the alternating voltage is applied to the electric circuit composed of the plurality of rollers and the first and second members.
- a derivation means for has The lead-out means calculates the oil film thickness and the metal contact ratio by means of line contact between a roller generated in the bearing device and at least one of the first and second members.
- a detection device characterized by derivation using a calculation formula corresponding to a circuit.
- another form of this invention has the following structures. i.e. the computer
- the bearing device is Acquisition means for acquiring the impedance and phase angle of the electric circuit when the alternating voltage is applied, Based on the impedance and the phase angle, the oil film thickness and metal contact ratio between the first member and the plurality of rollers or between the second member and the plurality of rollers are derived.
- derivation means for function as The lead-out means calculates the oil film thickness and the metal contact ratio by means of line contact between a roller generated in the bearing device and at least one of the first and second members.
- a program characterized by derivation using a calculation formula corresponding to a circuit.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an apparatus configuration at the time of diagnosis according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- 1 is a graph showing a physical model of a bearing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram for explaining an equivalent circuit of a bearing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram for explaining an equivalent circuit of a bearing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining verification results according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining verification results according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining verification results according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining verification results according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining verification results according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining verification results according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- 4A and 4B are diagrams for explaining the states of the bearing device before and after verification according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4A and 4B are diagrams for explaining the states of the bearing device before and after verification according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. Graph diagram for explaining the verification result according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 4 is a flowchart of processing during measurement according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
- a first embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
- a thrust type needle roller bearing will be described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this and can be applied to bearings of other configurations.
- radial and thrust conical and cylindrical roller bearings where line contact can occur due to rolling elements (needle, conical, cylindrical), etc., and sliding parts such as cross roller guides where line contact can occur. is mentioned.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of the overall configuration when performing diagnosis with a diagnostic device 1 according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is provided with a bearing device 2 to which the diagnostic method according to the present embodiment is applied and a diagnostic device 1 for performing diagnostics.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 1 is an example, and a different configuration may be used according to the configuration of the bearing device 2 and the like.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration in which the bearing device 2 includes one rolling bearing, the present invention is not limited to this, and one bearing device 2 may be provided with a plurality of rolling bearings.
- the bearing device 2 includes a thrust-type needle roller bearing (hereinafter simply referred to as a rolling bearing) as a rolling bearing.
- the rolling bearings rotatably support the rotary shaft 7.
- the rolling bearing is loaded with an axial load in a direction orthogonal to the rotating shaft by a load device (not shown).
- the rolling bearing includes a bearing washer 3 on the side to which an axial load is applied, a bearing washer 4 on the side connected to the rotating shaft 7, the bearing washer 3, and a plurality of rolling elements 5 arranged between the bearing washer 4. It has a plurality of rollers and a retainer (not shown) that retains the rolling elements 5 so that they can roll.
- the bearing washer 3 is configured to be loaded with the axial load, but the bearing washer 3 and the bearing washer 4 may be reversed.
- the shape of the retainer is not particularly limited, and may vary according to the shape of the rolling elements 5 and the like.
- a predetermined lubrication system reduces the friction between the washer 4 and the rolling element 5 and between the washer 3 and the rolling element 5 .
- the lubrication method is not particularly limited, for example, grease lubrication, oil lubrication, or the like is used, and lubrication is supplied to the inside of the rolling bearing.
- the type of lubricant is not particularly limited either.
- the motor 10 is a driving motor, and supplies rotational power to the rotating shaft 7 .
- the rotary shaft 7 is connected to the LCR meter 8 via a rotary connector 9 .
- the rotary connector 9 may be configured using, for example, carbon brushes, but is not limited to this.
- the washer 3 is also electrically connected to the LCR meter 8 , and the LCR meter 8 also functions as an AC power source for the bearing device 2 at this time.
- the diagnostic device 1 operates as a detection device capable of executing the detection method according to this embodiment.
- the diagnostic device 1 instructs the LCR meter 8 to input the angular frequency ⁇ of the AC power source and the AC voltage V as inputs, and outputs from the LCR meter 8 the impedance
- the diagnostic device 1 uses these values to detect the oil film thickness and metal contact ratio in the bearing device 2 . Details of the detection method will be described later.
- the diagnostic device 1 may be realized by, for example, an information processing device including a control device, a storage device, and an output device (not shown).
- the control device may consist of a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an MPU (Micro Processing Unit), a DSP (Digital Single Processor), or a dedicated circuit.
- the storage device consists of volatile and non-volatile storage media such as HDD (Hard Disk Drive), ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), etc.
- HDD Hard Disk Drive
- ROM Read Only Memory
- RAM Random Access Memory
- the output device is composed of a speaker, a light, a display device such as a liquid crystal display, or the like, and notifies the operator according to an instruction from the control device.
- the notification method by the output device is not particularly limited, but for example, auditory notification by sound or visual notification by screen output may be used.
- the output device may be a network interface having a communication function, and may perform a notification operation by transmitting data to an external device (not shown) via a network (not shown).
- the content of the notification here is not limited to the notification when an abnormality is detected, for example, when an abnormality is diagnosed based on the detection result, but may include notification to the effect that the bearing device 2 is normal. good.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing a physical model when the roller piece and the race piece contact (here, line contact).
- the roller piece corresponds to the rolling element 5 (roller)
- the race piece corresponds to the bearing washer 3 (or bearing washer 4).
- the h-axis indicates the oil film thickness direction
- the y-axis indicates the direction orthogonal to the oil film thickness direction.
- Hertzian contact area a Contact width in the lateral direction (here, x-axis direction) of the roller piece (roller)
- ⁇ Fracture rate of oil film (metal contact ratio) (0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1)
- r radius of roller piece
- ⁇ S actual contact area (breakage area of oil film)
- h Oil film thickness
- h 1 Oil film thickness in Hertzian contact area
- O Rotation center of roller piece
- the ratio of the area where the metal is in contact and the area where it is not in contact is ⁇ : (1- ⁇ ).
- a thin oil film area called a horseshoe may exist in the Hertzian contact area.
- the cross section does not have a perfect circular shape, but in the present embodiment, the above formula (1) is used assuming that it has a perfect circular shape. Therefore, the formula used when obtaining the oil film thickness is not limited to formula (1), and other calculation formulas may be used (for example, in the case of gears, an involute curve).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an electrically equivalent electric circuit (equivalent circuit) of the physical model shown in FIG.
- the equivalent circuit E1 consists of resistor R 1 , capacitor C 1 and capacitor C 2 .
- Capacitor C1 corresponds to the capacitor formed by the oil film in the Hertzian contact area and is denoted as capacitance C1 .
- Capacitor C 2 corresponds to the capacitor formed by the oil film around the Hertzian contact area ( ⁇ r ⁇ x ⁇ a and a ⁇ x ⁇ r in FIG. 2) and has a capacitance C 2 .
- the complex impedance Z is represented by two independent variables, the absolute value
- a complex impedance Z of the entire equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 3 is represented by the following equation (6).
- Z ⁇ 1 R 1 ⁇ 1 +j ⁇ (C 1 +C 2 ) (6)
- R 1 Resistance value of resistor
- C 1 Capacitance of capacitor C 1 C 2 : Capacitance of capacitor C 2
- R1 in the formula (7) is inversely proportional to the contact area, it can be expressed as the following formula (9).
- R 1 R 10 / ⁇ (9)
- R 10 can be represented as in formula (10) below.
- R 10
- the rupture rate ⁇ can be expressed as the following formula (11) from formulas (7), (9), and (10).
- ⁇ can be regarded as the phase angle in the dynamic contact state.
- C1 in equations (6) and (8) can be expressed as in equation (12) below.
- C2 in the formulas (6) and (8) can be expressed as in the following formula (13).
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a case where the rolling elements are balls (for example, a ball bearing). Although the value of h1 is shown to be large here for ease of explanation, it is actually small enough to cause contact (in this case, point contact) as shown in FIG. In this case, point contact can occur between the rolling elements and the washer.
- the capacitance of the capacitor C2 in the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 3 can be calculated by the following equation (14). .
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a case where the rolling elements are rollers (for example, a roller bearing).
- the value of h1 is shown large for ease of explanation, but in reality, as shown in FIG. It should be small enough to make contact (in this case, line contact). In this case, line contact can occur between the rolling elements and the washer.
- the capacitance of the capacitor C2 in the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. It can be calculated by the following formula.
- rollers used in rolling bearings may be formed by chamfering their ends.
- the contact area due to line contact (that is, the contact area of the Hertzian contact area S) can be expressed as 2aL.
- point contact not line contact
- the calculation formula for C2 by point contact may be used to add the capacitor C2 to the calculation formula (13).
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the verification results, in which the horizontal axis indicates the oil film thickness h 1 [m] and the vertical axis indicates the capacitance C 2 [F].
- a line 701 indicates the result of calculating the capacitance C2 using the formula (13), which is the calculation formula according to this embodiment.
- a line 702 shows the result of calculating the capacitance C2 using equation (15), which is a calculation formula by Jackson.
- a symbol 703 (o) indicates a result obtained by simulation using the finite element method.
- the lubricating state is detected using the oil film thickness h1 and the oil film rupture rate ⁇ of the lubricant as described above.
- the following equation (16) is derived from the above equations (8) and (11) to (13).
- ⁇ is defined as shown in Equation (17) below.
- the above formula (18) is a theoretical formula for the case where there is one contact area.
- Rolling bearings can have multiple contact zones due to their construction.
- two contact areas on the bearing washer 3 side and the bearing washer 4 side
- it can be regarded as an equivalent circuit in which two equivalent circuits shown in FIG. 3 are connected in series.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an electrically equivalent electric circuit around one rolling element 5 based on the equivalent circuit E1 shown in FIG. Focusing on the rolling element 5 of 1, an equivalent circuit E1 is formed between the bearing washer 3 and the rolling element 5 and between the bearing washer 4 and the rolling element 5 .
- the electric circuit formed by the washer 3 and the rolling elements 5 is assumed to be on the upper side, and the electric circuit formed by the washer 4 and the rolling elements 5 is assumed to be on the lower side. Therefore, around one rolling element 5, two equivalent circuits E1 are connected in series to form an equivalent circuit E2.
- the equivalent circuit to be considered differs depending on the number of contact areas where line contact occurs.
- the example of FIG. 4 shows an equivalent circuit E2 assuming a contact area of two line contacts.
- the method according to the present embodiment includes the number of contact areas as a variable, as shown in Equations (18) and (19), so that detection is performed assuming a single line contact contact area. It can be applied, and it can be applied to perform detection assuming a contact area of multiple line contacts. That is, by using equations (18) and (19), it is possible to detect the oil film thickness and breakage rate at one line contact, taking into account the number of line contacts.
- FIG. 8A to 8D are diagrams showing verification results of various data by the method according to the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis indicates time t [s]
- the vertical axis indicates oil film thickness h. In this example, it corresponds to the average oil film thickness ha .
- the horizontal axis indicates time t [s]
- the vertical axis indicates rupture rate ⁇ .
- the horizontal axis indicates time t [s]
- the vertical axis indicates temperature T [°C].
- FIG. 8D the horizontal axis indicates time t [s]
- the vertical axis indicates torque M [N ⁇ m].
- the time on the horizontal axis indicates the elapsed time after the bearing started rotating, and corresponds to each other.
- line 801 indicates theoretical values according to the Dowson-Higginson formula as a comparative example.
- a point 802 indicates the calculation result according to this embodiment. According to FIG. 8A, over time, point 802 stabilizes such that line 801 approximates the value indicated. Specifically, after 4000 seconds, the oil film thickness h stabilizes at a value close to 100 [nm].
- the rupture rate ⁇ is not stable at the beginning of rotation. After that, when 2000 seconds have passed since the start of rotation, the rupture rate ⁇ stabilizes at a value close to zero.
- the temperature of the bearing increases over time.
- the viscosity of the lubricant decreases and the oil film becomes thinner as shown in FIG. 8A.
- the torque value at the beginning of rotation is higher than after a certain period of time. This can also be explained by the decrease in viscosity due to the increase in temperature.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrams showing the state of the rolling bearing before and after verification. As described above, this verification shows an example using a thrust needle roller bearing.
- FIG. 9A shows the rolling surface 901 (corresponding to the race piece shown in FIG. 2) of the rolling bearing before verification.
- FIG. 9B shows the rolling surface 902 of the bearing after verification. As shown in FIG. 9B, the rolling contact surface 902 is formed with traces 903 after rolling of the rolling elements (rollers). Boundary 904 indicates the inner edge of track 903 .
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing unevenness of the rolling surface 902 after verification shown in FIG. 9B.
- unevenness at positions indicated by arrows in FIG. 9B is shown.
- the vertical axis indicates the depth of unevenness [nm] with a certain position as the reference 0, and the horizontal axis indicates the position [nm] along the arrow shown in FIG. ⁇ m].
- the left side of the boundary 904 corresponds to a location where a running trace 903 is formed due to rolling of the rolling element (roller).
- the right side of the boundary 904 corresponds to a position where the rolling elements (rollers) do not roll (do not contact).
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart of diagnostic processing according to this embodiment. This processing is executed by the diagnostic device 1.
- a control device (not shown) included in the diagnostic device 1 reads a program for realizing the processing according to the present embodiment from a storage device (not shown) and executes the program. may be realized by
- the diagnostic device 1 controls the bearing device 2 so that a load is applied in a predetermined direction (here, at least the axial direction).
- a load is applied in a predetermined direction (here, at least the axial direction).
- a predetermined direction here, at least the axial direction.
- the control of applying the load may be performed by a device other than the diagnostic device 1 .
- the phase angle and impedance in the static contact state are measured.
- the diagnostic device 1 causes the motor 10 to start rotating the rotating shaft 7 .
- the rotation of the washer 4 connected to the rotating shaft 7 is started.
- the control of the motor 10 may be performed by a device other than the diagnostic device 1 .
- the diagnostic device 1 controls the LCR meter 8 to apply an AC voltage with an angular frequency ⁇ to the bearing device 2 using an AC power supply (not shown) provided in the LCR meter 8 .
- an AC voltage having an angular frequency ⁇ is applied to the bearing device 2 .
- the diagnostic device 1 acquires the impedance
- the diagnostic apparatus 1 converts the impedance
- the diagnosis device 1 diagnoses the lubrication state of the bearing device 2 using the oil film thickness h and the fracture rate ⁇ derived at S1105.
- a threshold value may be set for the oil film thickness h and the fracture rate ⁇ , and the lubrication state may be determined by comparison with the threshold value. Then, this processing flow ends.
- roller bearing was described as an example, but the calculation method according to the present invention can also be applied to measurement of other targets. For example, it can be applied to sliding bearings and gears. Also in these cases, it is possible to perform verification with the same accuracy as the verification result shown in FIG.
- a program or application for realizing the functions of one or more embodiments described above is supplied to a system or device using a network or a storage medium, and one or more programs in the computer of the system or device It can also be implemented by a process in which the processor reads and executes the program.
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make modifications and applications by combining each configuration of the embodiments with each other, based on the description of the specification and well-known techniques. It is also contemplated by the present invention that it falls within the scope of protection sought.
- a detection method for detecting a state of a bearing device including a plurality of rollers and first and second members forming rolling surfaces of the plurality of rollers comprising: applying an alternating voltage to an electric circuit composed of the plurality of rollers and the first and second members; measuring the impedance and phase angle of the electric circuit when the alternating voltage is applied; Based on the impedance and the phase angle, the oil film thickness and metal contact ratio between the first member and the plurality of rollers or between the second member and the plurality of rollers are derived. death, The oil film thickness and the metal contact ratio are calculated corresponding to an electric circuit formed by line contact between a roller occurring in the bearing device and at least one of the first and second members.
- the electric circuit formed by the line contact includes a resistance generated by the line contact, a first capacitor formed by a lubricant positioned within a predetermined range from the line contact, and a lubricant outside the predetermined range.
- the detection method according to (1) characterized in that it comprises a second capacitor composed of a lubricant located. According to the above configuration, it is possible to detect the oil film thickness inside the bearing device and the contact ratio between parts with high accuracy based on the equivalent circuit corresponding to the configuration of the bearing device.
- the detection method according to (2) characterized by: According to the above configuration, it is possible to accurately derive the capacitance of the capacitor in the equivalent circuit corresponding to the configuration of the bearing device.
- the detection method according to (2) or (3) characterized in that: According to the above configuration, it is possible to detect the oil film thickness inside the bearing device and the contact ratio between parts with high accuracy, assuming line contact that occurs inside the bearing device.
- the oil film thickness is the oil film thickness within the predetermined range;
- the calculation formula for deriving the oil film thickness ha and the metal contact ratio ⁇ is
- the detection method according to (2) or (3) characterized in that: According to the above configuration, it is possible to detect the oil film thickness inside the bearing device and the contact ratio between parts with high accuracy, assuming line contact that occurs inside the bearing device.
- a detection device for detecting a state of a bearing device including a plurality of rollers and first and second members forming rolling surfaces of the plurality of rollers, Acquisition means for acquiring the impedance and phase angle of the electric circuit when the alternating voltage is applied to the electric circuit composed of the plurality of rollers and the first and second members.
- Acquisition means for acquiring the impedance and phase angle of the electric circuit when the alternating voltage is applied to the electric circuit composed of the plurality of rollers and the first and second members.
- the bearing device is Acquisition means for acquiring the impedance and phase angle of the electric circuit when the alternating voltage is applied, Based on the impedance and the phase angle, the oil film thickness and metal contact ratio between the first member and the plurality of rollers or between the second member and the plurality of rollers are derived.
- derivation means for function as The lead-out means calculates the oil film thickness and the metal contact ratio by means of line contact between a roller generated in the bearing device and at least one of the first and second members.
- a program characterized by derivation using a calculation formula corresponding to a circuit. According to the above configuration, it is possible to detect the oil film thickness inside the bearing device and the contact ratio between parts with high accuracy, assuming line contact that occurs inside the bearing device.
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Abstract
Description
前記複数のころ、前記第1および第2の部材から構成される電気回路に交流電圧を印加し、
前記交流電圧の印加時の前記電気回路のインピーダンスおよび位相角を測定し、
前記インピーダンスおよび前記位相角に基づき、前記第1の部材と前記複数のころの間、または、前記前記第2の部材と前記複数のころの間の少なくとも一つにおける油膜厚さおよび金属接触割合を導出し、
前記油膜厚さおよび前記金属接触割合は、前記軸受装置内にて発生するころと、前記第1および前記第2の部材の少なくとも一方との間に生じる線接触により構成される電気回路に対応する算出式を用いて導出されることを特徴とする検出方法。
前記複数のころ、前記第1および第2の部材から構成される電気回路に交流電圧を印加させた際に得られる前記交流電圧の印加時の前記電気回路のインピーダンスおよび位相角を取得する取得手段と、
前記インピーダンスおよび前記位相角に基づき、前記第1の部材と前記複数のころの間、または、前記第2の部材と前記複数のころの間の少なくとも一つにおける油膜厚さおよび金属接触割合を導出する導出手段と、
を有し、
前記導出手段は、前記油膜厚さおよび前記金属接触割合を、前記軸受装置内にて発生するころと、前記第1および第2の部材の少なくとも一方との間に生じる線接触により構成される電気回路に対応する算出式を用いて導出することを特徴とする検出装置。
軸受装置に対し、前記軸受装置を構成する複数のころ、および前記複数のころの転動面を構成する第1および第2の部材から構成される電気回路に交流電圧を印加させた際に得られる前記交流電圧の印加時の前記電気回路のインピーダンスおよび位相角を取得する取得手段、
前記インピーダンスおよび前記位相角に基づき、前記第1の部材と前記複数のころの間、または、前記第2の部材と前記複数のころの間の少なくとも一つにおける油膜厚さおよび金属接触割合を導出する導出手段、
として機能させ、
前記導出手段は、前記油膜厚さおよび前記金属接触割合を、前記軸受装置内にて発生するころと、前記第1および第2の部材の少なくとも一方との間に生じる線接触により構成される電気回路に対応する算出式を用いて導出することを特徴とするプログラム。
以下、本願発明の第1の実施形態について説明を行う。なお、以下の装置構成の説明においては、スラスト形の針状ころ軸受を例に挙げて説明するが、これに限定するものではなく本願発明は他の構成の軸受にも適用可能である。例えば、転動体(針状、円すい状、円筒状)などにより線接触が発生し得るラジアル形およびスラスト形の円錐や円筒ころ軸受や、クロスローラーガイドなどの線接触が発生し得るしゅう動部品などが挙げられる。
図1は、本実施形態に係る診断装置1にて診断を行う際の全体構成の一例を示す概略構成図である。図1には、本実施形態に係る診断方法が適用される軸受装置2と、診断を行う診断装置1が設けられる。なお、図1に示す構成は一例であり、軸受装置2の構成などに応じて、異なる構成が用いられてよい。また、図1においては、軸受装置2は、1の転がり軸受を備える構成を示したが、これに限定するものではなく、1の軸受装置2に複数の転がり軸受が備えられてもよい。
図2を用いて軸受装置2における転動体5と軌道盤3(または、軌道盤4)の接触状態について説明する。図2は、ローラ片とレース片とが接触(ここでは、線接触)した際の物理モデルを示すグラフである。ローラ片が転動体5(ころ)に対応し、レース片が軌道盤3(または、軌道盤4)に対応する。h軸は、油膜厚さ方向を示し、y軸は油膜厚さ方向と直交する方向を示す。また、図2に示す各変数はそれぞれ以下の通りである。なお、以降の説明において用いる各式の変数は同じものは同じ記号を付して対応付けている。
a:ローラ片(ころ)の短手方向(ここでは、x軸方向)における接触幅
α:油膜の破断率(金属接触割合)(0≦α<1)
r:ローラ片の半径
αS:実接触領域(油膜の破断領域)
h:油膜厚さ
h1:Hertzian接触域における油膜厚さ
O:ローラ片の回転中心
h=f(x)=h1+√(r2-a2)-√(r2-x2) (-r≦x<-a、または、a<x≦r) …(1)
ha=(1-α)h1 …(2)
厳密にはその断面が正円形状とはならないが、本実施形態では、正円形状であるものとして上記の式(1)を用いている。したがって、油膜厚さを求める際に用いられる式は式(1)に限定するものではなく、他の算出式を用いてもよい(例えば、歯車の場合,インボリュート曲線)。
図3は、図2に示した物理モデルを電気的に等価な電気回路(等価回路)にて示した図である。等価回路E1は、抵抗R1、コンデンサC1、およびコンデンサC2から構成される。抵抗R1は、破断領域(=αS)における抵抗に相当する。コンデンサC1は、Hertzian接触域における油膜により形成されるコンデンサに相当し、静電容量C1とする。コンデンサC2は、Hertzian接触域の周辺(図2の-r≦x<-a、および、a<x≦r)における油膜により形成されるコンデンサに相当し、静電容量C2とする。Hertzian接触域(=S)が、図3の等価回路E1における抵抗R1とコンデンサC1の並列回路を形成する。更に、この抵抗R1とコンデンサC1から構成される電気回路に対して、コンデンサC2が並列に接続される。このとき、Hertzian接触域の周辺(図2の-r≦x<-a、および、a<x≦r)では、潤滑剤が充填されているものとする。
V=|V|exp(jωt) …(3)
I=|I|exp(j(ωt-θ)) …(4)
Z=V/I=|V/I|exp(jθ)=|Z|exp(jθ) …(5)
j:虚数
ω:交流電圧の角周波数
t:時間
θ:位相角(電圧と電流の位相のずれ)
Z-1=R1 -1+jω(C1+C2) …(6)
R1:抵抗R1の抵抗値
C1:コンデンサC1の静電容量
C2:コンデンサC2の静電容量
|Z|:動的接触状態におけるインピーダンス
R1=|Z|/cosθ …(7)
ω(C1+C2)=-sinθ/|Z| …(8)
R1=R10/α …(9)
R10:静止時(すなわち、α=1)における抵抗値
R10=|Z0|/cosθ0 …(10)
|Z0|:静的接触状態におけるインピーダンス
θ0:静的接触状態における位相角
ここで、点接触におけるC2について説明する。図5は、転動体が玉である場合(例えば、玉軸受)を説明するための図である。ここでは、説明を容易にするためにh1の値を大きく示しているが、実際には、図2に示したように、接触(この場合は点接触)が生じる程度に小さいものとなる。この場合、転動体と軌道盤との間にて、点接触が生じ得る。図2と同様に、転動体の半径をrとし、油膜厚さをh1とした場合、図3に示した等価回路におけるコンデンサC2の静電容量は以下の式(14)にて算出できる。
r:玉の半径
ε:潤滑剤の誘電率
ln:対数関数
接触(この場合は線接触)が生じる程度に小さいものとなる。この場合、転動体と軌道盤との間にて、線接触が生じ得る。図2と同様に、転動体の半径をrとし、油膜厚さをh1とした場合、図3に示した等価回路におけるコンデンサC2の静電容量は、上記の式(13)にて示した式にて算出できる。
本実施形態では、上述したような潤滑剤の油膜厚さh1および油膜の破断率αを用いて潤滑状態を検出する。上述した式(8)、式(11)~式(13)により、以下の式(16)が導出される。
n:転動体の数
L:転動体(ころ)の長さ
次に、本実施形態に係る算出式を用いて検証を行った結果を示す。ここでは、スラスト針状ころ軸受を用いて行った検証について説明する。図8A~図8Dは、本実施形態に係る方法による、各種データの検証結果を示す図である。図8Aにおいて、横軸は時間t[s]を示し、縦軸は油膜厚さhを示す。本例では、平均油膜厚さhaに相当する。図8Bにおいて、横軸は時間t[s]を示し、縦軸は破断率αを示す。図8Cにおいて、横軸は時間t[s]を示し、縦軸は温度T[℃]を示す。図8Dにおいて、横軸は時間t[s]を示し、縦軸はトルクM[N・m]を示す。各図において、横軸の時間は軸受が回転を開始してからの経過時間を示しており、それぞれ対応している。
軸受:スラスト針状ころ軸受(銘番:FNTA2542)
アキシアル荷重:1.5[kN]
ラジアル荷重:0[N]
回転速度:3000[m-1]
温度:25[℃]
潤滑剤:VG32(ISO)
油量:1.0ml
比誘電率:2.3
交流電圧:0.2[V]
交流電源の周波数:1.0[MHz]
図11は、本実施形態に係る診断処理のフローチャートである。本処理は、診断装置1により実行され、例えば、診断装置1が備える制御装置(不図示)が本実施形態に係る処理を実現するためのプログラムを記憶装置(不図示)から読み出して実行することにより実現されてよい。
上記の実施形態では、ころ軸受を例に挙げて説明したが、本願発明に係る算出方法は、他の対象の測定にも適用可能である。例えば、すべり軸受や歯車などにも適用可能である。これらにおいても、図6に示すような検証結果と同等の精度にて検証を行うことが可能である。
(1) 複数のころ、前記複数のころの転動面を構成する第1および第2の部材を含んで構成される軸受装置の状態を検出する検出方法であって、
前記複数のころ、前記第1および第2の部材から構成される電気回路に交流電圧を印加し、
前記交流電圧の印加時の前記電気回路のインピーダンスおよび位相角を測定し、
前記インピーダンスおよび前記位相角に基づき、前記第1の部材と前記複数のころの間、または、前記第2の部材と前記複数のころの間の少なくとも一つにおける油膜厚さおよび金属接触割合を導出し、
前記油膜厚さおよび前記金属接触割合は、前記軸受装置内にて発生するころと、前記第1および第2の部材の少なくとも一方との間に生じる線接触により構成される電気回路に対応する算出式を用いて導出されることを特徴とする検出方法。
上記構成によれば、軸受装置内部にて発生する線接触を想定して、軸受装置内部の油膜厚さおよび部品間の接触割合の検出を高精度に行うことが可能となる。
上記構成によれば、軸受装置の構成に対応した等価回路に基づいて、軸受装置内部の油膜厚さおよび部品間の接触割合の検出を高精度に行うことが可能となる。
前記第2のコンデンサの静電容量C2は、
上記構成によれば、軸受装置の構成に対応した等価回路におけるコンデンサの静電容量を精度良く導出することが可能となる。
上記構成によれば、軸受装置内部にて発生する線接触を想定して、軸受装置内部の油膜厚さおよび部品間の接触割合の検出を高精度に行うことが可能となる。
前記油膜厚さhaおよび前記金属接触割合αを導出するための前記算出式は、
上記構成によれば、軸受装置内部にて発生する線接触を想定して、軸受装置内部の油膜厚さおよび部品間の接触割合の検出を高精度に行うことが可能となる。
上記構成によれば、軸受装置内部にて発生する線接触を想定して、軸受装置内部の油膜厚さおよび部品間の接触割合の検出を行い、その結果に基づき、軸受装置の状態診断を高精度に行うことが可能となる。
前記複数のころ、前記第1および第2の部材から構成される電気回路に交流電圧を印加させた際に得られる前記交流電圧の印加時の前記電気回路のインピーダンスおよび位相角を取得する取得手段と、
前記インピーダンスおよび前記位相角に基づき、前記第1の部材と前記複数のころの間、または、前記第2の部材と前記複数のころの間の少なくとも一つにおける油膜厚さおよび金属接触割合を導出する導出手段と、
を有し、
前記導出手段は、前記油膜厚さおよび前記金属接触割合を、前記軸受装置内にて発生するころと、前記第1および第2の部材の少なくとも一方との間に生じる線接触により構成される電気回路に対応する算出式を用いて導出することを特徴とする検出装置。
上記構成によれば、軸受装置内部にて発生する線接触を想定して、軸受装置内部の油膜厚さおよび部品間の接触割合の検出を高精度に行うことが可能となる。
軸受装置に対し、前記軸受装置を構成する複数のころ、および前記複数のころの転動面を構成する第1および第2の部材から構成される電気回路に交流電圧を印加させた際に得られる前記交流電圧の印加時の前記電気回路のインピーダンスおよび位相角を取得する取得手段、
前記インピーダンスおよび前記位相角に基づき、前記第1の部材と前記複数のころの間、または、前記第2の部材と前記複数のころの間の少なくとも一つにおける油膜厚さおよび金属接触割合を導出する導出手段、
として機能させ、
前記導出手段は、前記油膜厚さおよび前記金属接触割合を、前記軸受装置内にて発生するころと、前記第1および第2の部材の少なくとも一方との間に生じる線接触により構成される電気回路に対応する算出式を用いて導出することを特徴とするプログラム。
上記構成によれば、軸受装置内部にて発生する線接触を想定して、軸受装置内部の油膜厚さおよび部品間の接触割合の検出を高精度に行うことが可能となる。
2…軸受装置
3、4…軌道盤
5…転動体
7…回転軸
8…LCRメータ
9…回転コネクタ
10…モータ
Claims (8)
- 複数のころ、前記複数のころの転動面を構成する第1および第2の部材を含んで構成される軸受装置の状態を検出する検出方法であって、
前記複数のころ、前記第1および第2の部材から構成される電気回路に交流電圧を印加し、
前記交流電圧の印加時の前記電気回路のインピーダンスおよび位相角を測定し、
前記インピーダンスおよび前記位相角に基づき、前記第1の部材と前記複数のころの間、または、前記第2の部材と前記複数のころの間の少なくとも一つにおける油膜厚さおよび金属接触割合を導出し、
前記油膜厚さおよび前記金属接触割合は、前記軸受装置内にて発生するころと、前記第1および第2の部材の少なくとも一方との間に生じる線接触により構成される電気回路に対応する算出式を用いて導出されることを特徴とする検出方法。 - 前記線接触により構成される電気回路は、前記線接触により生じる抵抗、前記線接触から所定の範囲に位置する潤滑剤により構成される第1のコンデンサ、および、前記所定の範囲外に位置する潤滑剤により構成される第2のコンデンサを含んで構成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の検出方法。
- 更に、前記油膜厚さおよび前記金属接触割合を用いて前記軸受装置を診断することを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法。
- 複数のころ、および前記複数のころの転動面を構成する第1および第2の部材を含んで構成される軸受装置の状態を検出する検出装置であって、
前記複数のころ、前記第1および第2の部材から構成される電気回路に交流電圧を印加させた際に得られる前記交流電圧の印加時の前記電気回路のインピーダンスおよび位相角を取得する取得手段と、
前記インピーダンスおよび前記位相角に基づき、前記第1の部材と前記複数のころの間、または、前記第2の部材と前記複数のころの間の少なくとも一つにおける油膜厚さおよび金属接触割合を導出する導出手段と、
を有し、
前記導出手段は、前記油膜厚さおよび前記金属接触割合を、前記軸受装置内にて発生するころと、前記第1および第2の部材の少なくとも一方との間に生じる線接触により構成される電気回路に対応する算出式を用いて導出することを特徴とする検出装置。 - コンピュータを、
軸受装置に対し、前記軸受装置を構成する複数のころ、および前記複数のころの転動面を構成する第1および第2の部材から構成される電気回路に交流電圧を印加させた際に得られる前記交流電圧の印加時の前記電気回路のインピーダンスおよび位相角を取得する取得手段、
前記インピーダンスおよび前記位相角に基づき、前記第1の部材と前記複数のころの間、または、前記第2の部材と前記複数のころの間の少なくとも一つにおける油膜厚さおよび金属接触割合を導出する導出手段、
として機能させ、
前記導出手段は、前記油膜厚さおよび前記金属接触割合を、前記軸受装置内にて発生するころと、前記第1および第2の部材の少なくとも一方との間に生じる線接触により構成される電気回路に対応する算出式を用いて導出することを特徴とするプログラム。
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