WO2022239106A1 - Numerical controller and storage medium - Google Patents

Numerical controller and storage medium Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022239106A1
WO2022239106A1 PCT/JP2021/017865 JP2021017865W WO2022239106A1 WO 2022239106 A1 WO2022239106 A1 WO 2022239106A1 JP 2021017865 W JP2021017865 W JP 2021017865W WO 2022239106 A1 WO2022239106 A1 WO 2022239106A1
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Prior art keywords
route
avoidance
path
movement
tool
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PCT/JP2021/017865
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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靖之 黒原
英治 松本
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ファナック株式会社
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Priority to PCT/JP2021/017865 priority Critical patent/WO2022239106A1/en
Publication of WO2022239106A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022239106A1/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q15/00Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/4093Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by part programming, e.g. entry of geometrical information as taken from a technical drawing, combining this with machining and material information to obtain control information, named part programme, for the NC machine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to numerical controllers and storage media.
  • the numerical controller controls the machine tools.
  • Machine tools have movable parts such as tools and tables, and structures that may interfere with these movable parts.
  • there are post-installed obstacles such as a work table.
  • Patent Document 1 states that "an avoidance path is created so that the tool does not collide with obstacles such as jigs when positioning to the next machining start point during machining".
  • a route that jumps over obstacles and a route that detours clockwise (or counterclockwise) are created, and the route with the shortest required time is adopted for each route, thereby shortening the processing time.
  • a numerical control device which is one aspect of the present disclosure, moves a tool along an avoidance path including a path in the relief direction and a path in the feed direction.
  • An avoidance route creating unit for creating an avoidance route for performing overlap processing for starting acceleration in the feed direction is provided.
  • a computer-readable storage medium which is one aspect of the present disclosure, is a computer-readable storage medium, executed by one or more processors, in a tool movement in a avoidance path including a relief direction path and a feed direction path.
  • Computer readable instructions are stored for creating an overlapped avoidance path that, upon completion of movement, initiates acceleration in the feed direction without stopping movement in the feed direction.
  • the deceleration time and acceleration time can be reduced, and the machining time can be shortened.
  • FIG. 2 is a hardware configuration diagram of a numerical controller
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a numerical controller
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the interference of a tool and an obstacle.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of an avoidance route for moving horizontally to the machining plane to bypass obstacles; It is a figure which shows the example of the avoidance path
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining changes in tool speed when overlap processing is not performed;
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing changes in speed in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction when overlap processing is performed; It is a figure which shows the change of the tool path
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of an avoidance route for moving horizontally to the machining plane to bypass obstacles; It is a figure which shows the example of the avoidance path
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining changes in tool speed when
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a tool path when the deceleration start position in the escape direction is adjusted; It is a figure which shows the avoidance course at the time of adjusting a deceleration start position and a deceleration start position.
  • 4 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the numerical control device;
  • a hardware configuration of a numerical controller 100 that controls a machine tool 200 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • a CPU 111 included in the numerical controller 100 is a processor that controls the numerical controller 100 as a whole.
  • the CPU 111 reads the system program processed in the ROM 112 via the bus and controls the entire numerical controller 100 according to the system program.
  • the RAM 113 temporarily stores calculation data, display data, various data input by the user via the input unit 71, and the like.
  • the display unit 70 is a monitor attached to the numerical controller 100 or the like.
  • the display unit 70 displays an operation screen, a setting screen, and the like of the numerical controller 100 .
  • the input unit 71 is integrated with the display unit 70 or is a keyboard, touch panel, or the like that is separate from the display unit 70 .
  • the user operates the input unit 71 to perform input to the screen displayed on the display unit 70 .
  • the display unit 70 and the input unit 71 may be mobile terminals.
  • the non-volatile memory 114 is, for example, a memory that is backed up by a battery (not shown) so that the memory state is retained even when the power of the numerical controller 100 is turned off.
  • the nonvolatile memory 114 stores programs read from external devices via an interface (not shown), programs input via the input unit 71, and various data ( For example, setting parameters acquired from the machine tool 200, etc.) are stored. Programs and various data stored in the non-volatile memory 114 may be developed in the RAM 113 at the time of execution/use. Various system programs are pre-written in the ROM 112 .
  • a controller 40 that controls the tool or table of the machine tool 200 converts the axis movement command from the CPU 111 into a pulse signal and outputs it to the driver 41 .
  • the driver 41 converts the pulse signal into current to drive the servo motor of the machine tool 200 .
  • the servomotor moves the wire and table under the control of the numerical controller 100 .
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the numerical controller 100.
  • the numerical controller 100 includes a machining program analysis unit 11, a machining program storage unit 12, a shape storage unit 13, an interference determination unit 14, an avoidance route creation unit 15, an avoidance route selection unit 16, a speed storage unit 17, and an interpolation processing unit 18. Prepare.
  • the machining program analysis unit 11 analyzes the machining program stored in the machining program storage unit and creates a program path.
  • the collision determination unit determines whether or not the tool of the machine tool will interfere with other structures or obstacles of the machine tool based on the machine structure, tool shape, and obstacle area stored in the shape memory unit. do. In the example of FIG. 3, an obstacle exists between the start point and the end point of the tool, and interference with the obstacle occurs when the tool is moved along the program path.
  • the avoidance route creation unit determines whether or not interference will occur based on the machine structure, tool shape, and obstacle area stored in the shape memory unit. Avoidance routes that cause interference are excluded from the candidates.
  • the avoidance route creation unit creates avoidance route candidates. Note that the avoidance route includes the movement route of the tool and speed control. Speed control will be described later.
  • the avoidance paths created in the present disclosure include (1) an avoidance path that moves horizontally to the machining plane to bypass obstacles, and (2) an avoidance path that moves vertically to the machining plane to bypass obstacles above obstacles. .
  • FIG. 4 shows (1) an example of an avoidance route for moving horizontally to the machining plane to bypass obstacles.
  • two routes are created: an avoidance route that rotates clockwise on the machining plane and an avoidance route that rotates counterclockwise on the machining plane.
  • the clockwise avoidance path on the machining plane starts from the control point (start point) of the tool, moves in the upper right direction of the drawing to point A, moves from point A to point B in the positive direction of the X axis, and moves in the lower right direction of the drawing. and reach the control point (end point) of the tool from point B.
  • the counterclockwise avoidance path on the machining plane starts from the control point (start point) of the tool, moves in the lower right direction of the drawing to point C, moves from point C to point D in the positive direction of the X axis, and moves to the upper right of the drawing. From point D, the control point (end point) of the tool is reached.
  • movement around obstacles is referred to as "escape motion” and movement back to the program path is referred to as "return motion.”
  • the movement from the tool control point (start point) to point A is the “escape movement”
  • the movement from point B to the tool control point (end point) is the “return movement”.
  • movement of the tool from the control point (start point) to point C is the “escape operation”
  • movement from point D to the control point (end point) is the "return operation”.
  • FIG. 5 shows (2) an example of an avoidance route that detours above an obstacle.
  • the tip of the tool interferes with the obstacle. Therefore, the tip of the tool is retracted to a height that does not interfere with the obstacle, and the tool is moved in parallel.
  • the tool starts from the control point (start point) of the tool, moves in the upper right direction of the drawing to point E, moves from point E to point F in the positive direction of the X axis, moves in the lower right direction of the drawing, and moves to point From F, the control point (end point) of the tool is reached.
  • movement of the tool from the control point (start point) to point E is the "escape operation”
  • movement from the point F to the control point (end point) is the "return operation”. .
  • the avoidance route creation unit performs overlap processing to speed up the avoidance route.
  • Overlap processing is widely used as a method for speeding up processing. In the present disclosure, this overlap processing is applied to rapid traverse of the tool to speed up tool movement.
  • the moving direction of the tool changes to "Relief direction (Y-axis positive direction)", “Feed direction (X-axis positive direction)”, and “Return direction (Y-axis negative direction)", but when overlap processing is not performed stops at the corner before turning.
  • overlap processing the next movement is started before the tool stops.
  • FIG. 7 shows changes in speed along the X and Y axes when overlap processing is performed.
  • the moving direction of the tool is "relief direction (Y-axis positive direction)", “feed direction (X-axis positive direction)", and “return direction (Y-axis negative direction)”. ”.
  • the movement in the "feed direction” is added to the movement in the "relief direction”, so the combined speed of the "relief direction” and the “feed direction” is the completion of the "relief” in the Y-axis direction. Maintain constant speed until , then accelerate to "feed rate".
  • the time for stopping the tool can be shortened, so that the speed of tool movement can be increased.
  • the next movement is started without stopping the tool at the corner, so the path does not pass through point A of the corner but passes inside the corner.
  • the dotted line in FIG. 8 is the path of the tool when the overlap processing is not performed, and the solid line is the path of the tool when the overlap processing is performed. If the tool passes inside the corner, it will deviate from the created avoidance path, and there is a risk of interference between the tool and the obstacle.
  • a path is created that completes deceleration in the escape direction (Y-axis direction) without decelerating in the X-axis direction by the end point coordinate Q where the vertex of the tool touches the obstacle.
  • This determines the deceleration start position P in the Y-axis direction.
  • a path from the movement start position O to the end point position Q can be created.
  • the route created in this manner is shown in FIG. It moves from the movement start position O to the deceleration start position P at a constant speed.
  • the tool reaches the deceleration start position P, only deceleration in the Y-axis direction is started. No deceleration in the X-axis direction is performed.
  • the path of the primary straight line becomes a secondary curve. If the deceleration in the Y-axis direction is started in advance, the deceleration in the Y-axis direction (relief direction) is completed at the end point coordinate Q, so even if the tool moves in the X-axis direction, interference between the tool and the obstacle does not occur.
  • a route to the movement end position T can be created.
  • An end point coordinate R at which the tool vertex touches the obstacle is calculated.
  • the acceleration end position S at which acceleration in the return direction (minus Y-axis direction) is completed without decelerating the X-axis is determined.
  • the avoidance route creation unit creates avoidance routes in consideration of overlapping of these routes, and selects the avoidance route with the shortest required time from among the plurality of avoidance routes as the optimum avoidance route.
  • the numerical controller 100 analyzes the machining program (step S1), and if there is rapid feed of the tool, creates avoidance path candidates (step S2).
  • the numerical control device 100 determines whether the tool of the machine tool is capable of detecting other structures or obstacles of the machining function based on the machine structure, the tool shape, and the obstacle area stored in the shape memory unit. Determine whether or not there is interference with an object. If interference occurs (step S3; Yes), the avoidance route is excluded from the candidates (step S4).
  • step S3 If no interference occurs in step S3 (step S3; No), the "escape direction” deceleration start position, the "return direction” acceleration start position, and the "feed direction” speed are calculated (step S5). Note that the deceleration start position and the acceleration start position may be temporal start positions instead of coordinate positions.
  • step S6 If there are other avoidance route candidates (step S6; Yes), the numerical controller 100 transitions to step S2. If there is no avoidance route candidate (step S6; No), the numerical controller 100 selects the optimum avoidance route (step S7).
  • the optimal avoidance route is selected as the one with the shortest required time, but the selection method is not limited to this.
  • the numerical control device 100 of the present disclosure creates avoidance route candidates for moving the tool while avoiding interference. Exclude from candidates.
  • the numerical controller 100 performs overlap processing of the avoidance route, and determines the deceleration start position in the “escape direction”, the acceleration start position in the “return direction”, and the speed in the “feed direction” at which interference does not occur even if the overlap processing is performed. Calculate When multiple avoidance route candidates exist, the optimum avoidance route is selected. As a result, the tool can be moved quickly while preventing interference.
  • an avoidance route in which an obstacle is bypassed by moving horizontally to the processing plane and an avoidance route in which an obstacle is bypassed by moving vertically to the processing plane are created. is not limited to
  • the deceleration start position in the "retraction direction” and the acceleration start position in the “return direction” are not limited to the positions described above. It is good if there is. Further, it is sufficient that the movement in the "return direction” is finished after the movement in the "feed direction” is finished.
  • the numerical control device of the present disclosure When it is determined that the numerical control device of the present disclosure will collide with an obstacle when positioning to the next machining start point, the operation of avoiding the obstacle on the shortest route (escape operation), the position where the obstacle does not interfere with the shortest route Three paths are created: an operation to move to (feed operation) and an operation (return operation) to position from a position that does not interfere with an obstacle to the next machining start point.
  • the numerical control device of the present disclosure creates an avoidance path that performs overlap processing to start acceleration of the feed motion during deceleration of the escape motion when moving from the escape motion to the feed motion.
  • An avoidance route is created for similarly performing overlap processing when shifting from the feed motion to the return motion. As a result, deceleration time and acceleration time can be shortened.

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Abstract

In the movement of a tool on an avoidance path that includes an escape direction path and a delivery direction path, this numerical controller performs overlap processing which, in a state in which movement in the escape direction has been completed, starts acceleration in the delivery direction without stopping movement in the delivery direction. The avoidance path includes a return direction path, and an avoidance path creation unit creates an avoidance path on which overlap processing for starting acceleration in the delivery direction and the return direction is performed during deceleration in the delivery direction.

Description

数値制御装置及び記憶媒体Numerical controller and storage medium
 本発明は、数値制御装置及び記憶媒体に関する。 The present invention relates to numerical controllers and storage media.
 数値制御装置は、工作機械を制御する。工作機械には、工具やテーブルのような可動部分と、これらの可動部分と干渉するおそれのある構造物が存在する。また、ワーク置台など後付けの障害物も存在する。 The numerical controller controls the machine tools. Machine tools have movable parts such as tools and tables, and structures that may interfere with these movable parts. In addition, there are post-installed obstacles such as a work table.
 特許文献1には、『加工を行う際に次の加工開始点へ位置決めする際に、工具が治具などの障害物と衝突しないように回避経路を作成する』と記載されている。この発明では、障害物を飛び越す経路や時計回り(又は反時計回り)に迂回する経路を作成し、各経路の所要時間が最も短い経路を採用することにより、加工時間を短縮している。 Patent Document 1 states that "an avoidance path is created so that the tool does not collide with obstacles such as jigs when positioning to the next machining start point during machining". In the present invention, a route that jumps over obstacles and a route that detours clockwise (or counterclockwise) are created, and the route with the shortest required time is adopted for each route, thereby shortening the processing time.
特許第5969676号Patent No. 5969676
 しかしながら、特許文献1では回避経路のための回避経路点を作成するが、回避経路点への位置決めでは必ず減速停止が発生する。また、次の加工開始点への位置決めでは一定速度に到達するための加速動作も発生してしまうため、加工時間を短縮しきれているとは言いがたい。 However, in Patent Document 1, an avoidance route point is created for an avoidance route, but deceleration and stop always occur in positioning to the avoidance route point. In addition, it is difficult to say that the machining time can be shortened because the positioning to the next machining start point requires an acceleration operation to reach a constant speed.
 工作機械の分野では、加工時間を短縮する技術が望まれている。 In the field of machine tools, technology that shortens machining time is desired.
 本開示の一態様である数値制御装置は、逃げ方向の経路及び送り方向の経路を含む回避経路での工具移動において、逃げ方向の移動を終了した状態で、送り方向の移動を停止させずに送り方向の加速を開始するオーバラップ処理を行う回避経路を作成する回避経路作成部を備える。
 本開示の一態様であるコンピュータが読み取り可能な記憶媒体は、1つ又は複数のプロセッサが実行することにより、逃げ方向の経路及び送り方向の経路を含む回避経路での工具移動において、逃げ方向の移動を終了した状態で、送り方向の移動を停止させずに送り方向の加速を開始するオーバラップ処理を行う回避経路を作成する、コンピュータが読み取り可能な命令を記憶する。
A numerical control device, which is one aspect of the present disclosure, moves a tool along an avoidance path including a path in the relief direction and a path in the feed direction. An avoidance route creating unit for creating an avoidance route for performing overlap processing for starting acceleration in the feed direction is provided.
A computer-readable storage medium, which is one aspect of the present disclosure, is a computer-readable storage medium, executed by one or more processors, in a tool movement in a avoidance path including a relief direction path and a feed direction path. Computer readable instructions are stored for creating an overlapped avoidance path that, upon completion of movement, initiates acceleration in the feed direction without stopping movement in the feed direction.
 本発明の一態様により、減速時間及び加速時間を減らすことができ加工時間を短縮することができる。 According to one aspect of the present invention, the deceleration time and acceleration time can be reduced, and the machining time can be shortened.
数値制御装置のハードウェア構成図である。2 is a hardware configuration diagram of a numerical controller; FIG. 数値制御装置のブロック図である。1 is a block diagram of a numerical controller; FIG. 工具と障害物の干渉を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the interference of a tool and an obstacle. 加工平面に水平移動して障害物を迂回する回避経路の例を示す図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of an avoidance route for moving horizontally to the machining plane to bypass obstacles; 障害物の上方に迂回する回避経路の例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the example of the avoidance path|route which detours above an obstacle. オーバラップ処理をしない場合に工具の速度変化を説明する図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining changes in tool speed when overlap processing is not performed; オーバラップ処理をした場合のX軸方向及びY軸方向の速度変化を示す図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram showing changes in speed in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction when overlap processing is performed; オーバラップ処理をした場合の工具経路の変化を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the change of the tool path|route when overlap processing is performed. 逃げ方向の減速開始位置を調整したときの工具経路を示す図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a tool path when the deceleration start position in the escape direction is adjusted; 減速開始位置及び減速開始位置を調整した場合の回避経路を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the avoidance course at the time of adjusting a deceleration start position and a deceleration start position. 数値制御装置の動作を説明するフローチャートである。4 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the numerical control device;
 図1を参照して、工作機械200を制御する数値制御装置100のハードウェア構成を説明する。数値制御装置100が備えるCPU111は、数値制御装置100を全体的に制御するプロセッサである。CPU111は、バスを介してROM112に加工されたシステム・プログラムを読み出し、該システム・プログラムに従って数値制御装置100の全体を制御する。RAM113には、一時的な計算データや表示データ、入力部71を介してユーザが入力した各種データ等が一時的に格納される。 A hardware configuration of a numerical controller 100 that controls a machine tool 200 will be described with reference to FIG. A CPU 111 included in the numerical controller 100 is a processor that controls the numerical controller 100 as a whole. The CPU 111 reads the system program processed in the ROM 112 via the bus and controls the entire numerical controller 100 according to the system program. The RAM 113 temporarily stores calculation data, display data, various data input by the user via the input unit 71, and the like.
 表示部70は、数値制御装置100に付属のモニタなどである。表示部70は、数値制御装置100の操作画面や設定画面などを表示する。 The display unit 70 is a monitor attached to the numerical controller 100 or the like. The display unit 70 displays an operation screen, a setting screen, and the like of the numerical controller 100 .
 入力部71は、表示部70と一体、又は、表示部70とは別のキーボード、タッチパネルなどである。ユーザは入力部71を操作して、表示部70に表示された画面への入力などを行う。なお、表示部70及び入力部71は、携帯端末でもよい。 The input unit 71 is integrated with the display unit 70 or is a keyboard, touch panel, or the like that is separate from the display unit 70 . The user operates the input unit 71 to perform input to the screen displayed on the display unit 70 . Note that the display unit 70 and the input unit 71 may be mobile terminals.
 不揮発性メモリ114は、例えば、図示しないバッテリでバックアップされるなどして、数値制御装置100の電源がオフされても記憶状態が保持されるメモリである。不揮発性メモリ114には、図示しないインタフェースを介して外部機器から読み込まれたプログラムや入力部71を介して入力されたプログラム、数値制御装置100の各部や工作機械200等から取得された各種データ(例えば、工作機械200から取得した設定パラメータ等)が記憶される。不揮発性メモリ114に記憶されたプログラムや各種データは、実行時/利用時にはRAM113に展開されてもよい。また、ROM112には、各種のシステム・プログラムがあらかじめ書き込まれている。 The non-volatile memory 114 is, for example, a memory that is backed up by a battery (not shown) so that the memory state is retained even when the power of the numerical controller 100 is turned off. The nonvolatile memory 114 stores programs read from external devices via an interface (not shown), programs input via the input unit 71, and various data ( For example, setting parameters acquired from the machine tool 200, etc.) are stored. Programs and various data stored in the non-volatile memory 114 may be developed in the RAM 113 at the time of execution/use. Various system programs are pre-written in the ROM 112 .
 工作機械200の工具又はテーブルを制御するコントローラ40は、CPU111からの軸の移動指令をパルス信号に変換しドライバ41に出力する。ドライバ41はパルス信号を電流に変換して工作機械200のサーボモータを駆動する。サーボモータは、数値制御装置100の制御に従いワイヤやテーブルを移動する。 A controller 40 that controls the tool or table of the machine tool 200 converts the axis movement command from the CPU 111 into a pulse signal and outputs it to the driver 41 . The driver 41 converts the pulse signal into current to drive the servo motor of the machine tool 200 . The servomotor moves the wire and table under the control of the numerical controller 100 .
 図2は、数値制御装置100のブロック図である。数値制御装置100は、加工プログラム解析部11、加工プログラム記憶部12、形状記憶部13、干渉判定部14、回避経路作成部15、回避経路選択部16、速度記憶部17、補間処理部18を備える。 FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the numerical controller 100. FIG. The numerical controller 100 includes a machining program analysis unit 11, a machining program storage unit 12, a shape storage unit 13, an interference determination unit 14, an avoidance route creation unit 15, an avoidance route selection unit 16, a speed storage unit 17, and an interpolation processing unit 18. Prepare.
 加工プログラム解析部11は、加工プログラム記憶部に記憶する加工プログラムを解析して、プログラム経路を作成する。
 干渉判定部は、形状記憶部に記憶した機械構造と、工具形状と、障害物領域とを基に、工作機械の工具が工作機械の他の構造物や障害物と干渉するか否かを判定する。図3の例では、工具の始点と終点との間に障害物が存在するため、プログラム経路に沿って工具を移動すると障害物との干渉が発生する。
The machining program analysis unit 11 analyzes the machining program stored in the machining program storage unit and creates a program path.
The collision determination unit determines whether or not the tool of the machine tool will interfere with other structures or obstacles of the machine tool based on the machine structure, tool shape, and obstacle area stored in the shape memory unit. do. In the example of FIG. 3, an obstacle exists between the start point and the end point of the tool, and interference with the obstacle occurs when the tool is moved along the program path.
 回避経路作成部は、回避経路の候補を作成すると、形状記憶部に記憶した機械構造と、工具形状と、障害物領域とを基に、干渉が発生するか否かを判定する。干渉が発生する回避経路は候補から除外される。 When the avoidance route candidate is created, the avoidance route creation unit determines whether or not interference will occur based on the machine structure, tool shape, and obstacle area stored in the shape memory unit. Avoidance routes that cause interference are excluded from the candidates.
 回避経路作成部は、回避経路の候補を作成する。なお、回避経路には、工具の移動経路と速度制御が含まれる。速度制御については後述する。本開示で作成する回避経路には、(1)加工平面に水平移動して障害物を迂回する回避経路と、(2)加工平面に垂直移動して障害物の上方に迂回する回避経路がある。 The avoidance route creation unit creates avoidance route candidates. Note that the avoidance route includes the movement route of the tool and speed control. Speed control will be described later. The avoidance paths created in the present disclosure include (1) an avoidance path that moves horizontally to the machining plane to bypass obstacles, and (2) an avoidance path that moves vertically to the machining plane to bypass obstacles above obstacles. .
 図4に(1)加工平面に水平移動して障害物を迂回する回避経路の例を示す。
 (1)では、加工平面上で時計回りする回避経路と、加工平面上で反時計回りする回避経路の2つの経路を作成する。
 加工平面上で時計回りする回避経路は、工具の制御点(始点)から出発し、点Aまで図面右上方向に移動し、点Aから点BまでX軸プラス方向に移動し、図面右下方向に移動して点Bから工具の制御点(終点)に到着する。
 加工平面上で反時計回りする回避経路は、工具の制御点(始点)から出発し、点Cまで図面右下方向に移動し、点Cから点DまでX軸プラス方向に移動し、図面右上方向に移動して点Dから工具の制御点(終点)に到着する。
FIG. 4 shows (1) an example of an avoidance route for moving horizontally to the machining plane to bypass obstacles.
In (1), two routes are created: an avoidance route that rotates clockwise on the machining plane and an avoidance route that rotates counterclockwise on the machining plane.
The clockwise avoidance path on the machining plane starts from the control point (start point) of the tool, moves in the upper right direction of the drawing to point A, moves from point A to point B in the positive direction of the X axis, and moves in the lower right direction of the drawing. and reach the control point (end point) of the tool from point B.
The counterclockwise avoidance path on the machining plane starts from the control point (start point) of the tool, moves in the lower right direction of the drawing to point C, moves from point C to point D in the positive direction of the X axis, and moves to the upper right of the drawing. From point D, the control point (end point) of the tool is reached.
 本開示では、障害物を回避する移動を「逃げ動作」とよび、プログラム経路に戻す移動を「戻り動作」と呼ぶ。
 時計回りの回避経路では、工具の制御点(始点)から点Aまでの移動が「逃げ動作」であり、点Bから工具の制御点(終点)までの移動が「戻り動作」である。反時計回りの回避経路では、工具の制御点(始点)から点Cまでの移動が「逃げ動作」であり、点Dから制御点(終点)までの移動が「戻り動作」である。
In this disclosure, movement around obstacles is referred to as "escape motion" and movement back to the program path is referred to as "return motion."
In the clockwise avoidance path, the movement from the tool control point (start point) to point A is the "escape movement", and the movement from point B to the tool control point (end point) is the "return movement". In the counterclockwise avoidance path, movement of the tool from the control point (start point) to point C is the "escape operation", and movement from point D to the control point (end point) is the "return operation".
 図5に(2)障害物の上方に迂回する回避経路の例を示す。
 図5に示すように、制御点(始点)から制御点(終点)まで工具を平行移動させると、工具の先端と障害物が干渉する。そのため、障害物と干渉しない高さまで工具の先端を退避させて工具を平行移動させる。図5の例では、工具の制御点(始点)から出発し、点Eまで図面右上方向に移動し、点Eから点FまでX軸プラス方向に移動し、図面右下方向に移動して点Fから工具の制御点(終点)に到着する。
 障害物の情報を迂回する回避経路では、工具の制御点(始点)から点Eまでの移動が「逃げ動作」であり、点Fから制御点(終点)までの移動が「戻り動作」である。
FIG. 5 shows (2) an example of an avoidance route that detours above an obstacle.
As shown in FIG. 5, when the tool is translated from the control point (start point) to the control point (end point), the tip of the tool interferes with the obstacle. Therefore, the tip of the tool is retracted to a height that does not interfere with the obstacle, and the tool is moved in parallel. In the example of FIG. 5, the tool starts from the control point (start point) of the tool, moves in the upper right direction of the drawing to point E, moves from point E to point F in the positive direction of the X axis, moves in the lower right direction of the drawing, and moves to point From F, the control point (end point) of the tool is reached.
In the avoidance route that detours the obstacle information, movement of the tool from the control point (start point) to point E is the "escape operation", and movement from the point F to the control point (end point) is the "return operation". .
 回避経路作成部は、回避経路を高速化するために、オーバラップ処理を行う。オーバラップ処理は、加工を高速化する方法として広く用いられている。本開示では、このオーバラップ処理を工具の早送りに適用し、工具移動を高速化する。 The avoidance route creation unit performs overlap processing to speed up the avoidance route. Overlap processing is widely used as a method for speeding up processing. In the present disclosure, this overlap processing is applied to rapid traverse of the tool to speed up tool movement.
 図6を参照してオーバラップ処理をしない場合の工具の速度変化について説明する。前提として、回避経路は、図4に示す加工平面時計回りとする。図4の経路では、「送り方向(X軸プラス方向)」の移動と「逃げ方向(Y軸プラス方向)」の移動とを合成し、斜め方向に工具を動かす。そのため、「逃げ方向」に移動した後に、一旦停止し「送り方向(X軸プラス方向)」の移動を開始するよりも、工具移動の所要時間が短くなる。斜め方向に工具を移動させると、障害物に近い回避経路となる。障害物に近い回避経路では、オーバラップ処理により干渉が発生する可能性が高くなる。オーバラップ処理と干渉の関係については後述する。 The change in tool speed when overlap processing is not performed will be described with reference to FIG. As a premise, the avoidance route is assumed to be clockwise on the machining plane shown in FIG. In the path shown in FIG. 4, the movement in the "feed direction (X-axis positive direction)" and the "relief direction (Y-axis positive direction)" are combined to move the tool in an oblique direction. Therefore, the time required for tool movement is shorter than when the tool is temporarily stopped after moving in the "relief direction" and movement in the "feed direction (X-axis plus direction)" is started. If the tool is moved diagonally, it becomes an avoidance path closer to the obstacle. Avoidance routes close to obstacles are more likely to cause interference due to overlap processing. The relationship between overlap processing and interference will be described later.
 図4に示すように、時計回りの回避経路では、工具は、制御点(始点)から点Aまで図面斜め右上に移動する。この移動は「逃げ方向(Y軸プラス方向)」と「送り方向(X軸プラス方向)」の合成である。そして、工具は、点Aから点Bまで「送り方向(X軸プラス方向)」に移動する。この移動は、「送り方向(X軸プラス方向)」の移動である。そして、工具は、点Bから制御点(終点)に移動する。この移動は「戻り方向(Y軸マイナス方向)」と「送り方向(X軸プラス方向)」の合成である。
 時計回りの回避経路では、制御点(始点)から点Aまで、「逃げ方向(Y軸プラス方向)」及び「送り方向(X軸プラス方向)」に移動し、点Aで一旦停止する。点Aから点Bまで、「送り方向(X軸プラス方向)」に移動し、点Bで一旦停止する。点Bから制御点(終点)まで、「戻り方向(Y軸マイナス方向)」及び「送り方向(X軸プラス方向)に移動する。
 図6において、工具の移動方向は「逃げ方向(Y軸プラス方向)」「送り方向(X軸プラス方向)」「戻り方向(Y軸マイナス方向)」に変化するが、オーバラップ処理をしない場合は、方向変換の前に、コーナ部で一旦停止する。オーバラップ処理をした場合は、工具が停止する前に、次の移動を開始する。
As shown in FIG. 4, in the clockwise avoidance path, the tool moves from the control point (start point) to point A diagonally to the upper right in the drawing. This movement is a combination of the "retraction direction (Y-axis plus direction)" and the "feed direction (X-axis plus direction)". Then, the tool moves from point A to point B in the "feed direction (X-axis plus direction)". This movement is movement in the "feed direction (X-axis plus direction)". The tool then moves from point B to the control point (end point). This movement is a combination of the "return direction (Y-axis minus direction)" and the "feed direction (X-axis plus direction)".
In the clockwise avoidance route, it moves from the control point (start point) to point A in the "escape direction (Y-axis positive direction)" and "feed direction (X-axis positive direction)" and stops at point A once. It moves from point A to point B in the "feed direction (X-axis plus direction)" and stops at point B once. It moves from point B to the control point (end point) in the "return direction (Y-axis minus direction)" and the "feed direction (X-axis plus direction).
In FIG. 6, the moving direction of the tool changes to "Relief direction (Y-axis positive direction)", "Feed direction (X-axis positive direction)", and "Return direction (Y-axis negative direction)", but when overlap processing is not performed stops at the corner before turning. When overlap processing is performed, the next movement is started before the tool stops.
 図7は、オーバラップ処理をした場合のX軸及びY軸の速度変化を示す。
 オーバラップ処理をしなかった場合(図6)と同様、工具の移動方向は、「逃げ方向(Y軸プラス方向)」「送り方向(X軸プラス方向)」「戻り方向(Y軸マイナス方向)」に変化する。オーバラップ処理をした場合、「逃げ方向」の移動に「送り方向」の移動が加算されるので、「逃げ方向」と「送り方向」の合成速度は、Y軸方向の「逃げ」が完了するまで一定速度を維持し、その後「送り速度」に加速する。このように、工具の方向変換において、工具を停止させる前に次の加速を開始するオーバラップ処理を行うと、工具を停止させる時間が短縮できるため、工具移動を高速化することができる。
FIG. 7 shows changes in speed along the X and Y axes when overlap processing is performed.
As in the case without overlap processing (Fig. 6), the moving direction of the tool is "relief direction (Y-axis positive direction)", "feed direction (X-axis positive direction)", and "return direction (Y-axis negative direction)". ”. When overlap processing is performed, the movement in the "feed direction" is added to the movement in the "relief direction", so the combined speed of the "relief direction" and the "feed direction" is the completion of the "relief" in the Y-axis direction. Maintain constant speed until , then accelerate to "feed rate". As described above, when the overlap processing is performed to start the next acceleration before stopping the tool in changing the direction of the tool, the time for stopping the tool can be shortened, so that the speed of tool movement can be increased.
 オーバラップ処理では、工具をコーナで停止せずに、次の移動を開始するので、経路がコーナの点Aを通過せずに、コーナ部の内側を通るようになる。図8の点線はオーバラップ処理をしないときの工具の経路であり、実線はオーバラップ処理をしたときの工具の経路である。工具がコーナ部の内側を通ると、作成した回避経路とのずれが発生し、工具と障害物が干渉するおそれがある。 In overlap processing, the next movement is started without stopping the tool at the corner, so the path does not pass through point A of the corner but passes inside the corner. The dotted line in FIG. 8 is the path of the tool when the overlap processing is not performed, and the solid line is the path of the tool when the overlap processing is performed. If the tool passes inside the corner, it will deviate from the created avoidance path, and there is a risk of interference between the tool and the obstacle.
 工具の頂点が障害物に接する終点座標Qまでに、X軸方向の減速をせず、逃げ方向(Y軸方向)の減速を完了させるような経路を作成する。これによりY軸方向の減速開始位置Pが決まる。減速開始位置Pと工具の移動開始位置Oとを結ぶと、移動開始位置Oから終点位置Qまでの経路が作成できる。
 このように作成した経路は図9のようになる。移動開始位置Oから減速開始位置Pまで一定の速度で移動する。減速開始位置Pに工具が到達すると、Y軸方向の減速のみを開始する。X軸方向の減速は行わない。Y軸方向のみの減速を行うため、1次直線の経路が2次曲線となる。Y軸方向の減速を事前に開始すると、終点座標Qでは、Y軸方向(逃げ方向)の減速が完了しているため、X軸方向に移動しても工具と障害物の干渉は発生しない。
A path is created that completes deceleration in the escape direction (Y-axis direction) without decelerating in the X-axis direction by the end point coordinate Q where the vertex of the tool touches the obstacle. This determines the deceleration start position P in the Y-axis direction. By connecting the deceleration start position P and the movement start position O of the tool, a path from the movement start position O to the end point position Q can be created.
The route created in this manner is shown in FIG. It moves from the movement start position O to the deceleration start position P at a constant speed. When the tool reaches the deceleration start position P, only deceleration in the Y-axis direction is started. No deceleration in the X-axis direction is performed. Since deceleration is performed only in the Y-axis direction, the path of the primary straight line becomes a secondary curve. If the deceleration in the Y-axis direction is started in advance, the deceleration in the Y-axis direction (relief direction) is completed at the end point coordinate Q, so even if the tool moves in the X-axis direction, interference between the tool and the obstacle does not occur.
 同様に、移動終了位置Tまでの経路を作成することができる。工具頂点が障害物に接する終点座標Rを算出する。これにより、X軸を減速せずに戻り方向(Y軸方向マイナス)の加速を完了させる加速終了位置Sが決まる。加速終了位置Sと移動終了位置Tを結ぶと、終点位置Rから移動終了位置Tまでの経路が作成できる。 Similarly, a route to the movement end position T can be created. An end point coordinate R at which the tool vertex touches the obstacle is calculated. As a result, the acceleration end position S at which acceleration in the return direction (minus Y-axis direction) is completed without decelerating the X-axis is determined. By connecting the acceleration end position S and the movement end position T, a route from the end point position R to the movement end position T can be created.
 前述したように、工具の移動経路は、時計回りと反時計回りと、加工平面に垂直な経路とがある。回避経路作成部は、これらの経路についてオーバラップを考慮した回避経路を作成し、複数の回避経路の中で最も所要時間が短いものを最適な回避経路として選択する。 As mentioned above, there are clockwise, counterclockwise, and perpendicular paths to the machining plane for the movement paths of the tool. The avoidance route creation unit creates avoidance routes in consideration of overlapping of these routes, and selects the avoidance route with the shortest required time from among the plurality of avoidance routes as the optimum avoidance route.
 図11を参照して、本開示の数値制御装置100の動作を説明する。
 数値制御装置100は、加工プログラムを解析し(ステップS1)、工具の早送りが存在した場合には、回避経路の候補を作成する(ステップS2)。
The operation of the numerical control device 100 of the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIG.
The numerical controller 100 analyzes the machining program (step S1), and if there is rapid feed of the tool, creates avoidance path candidates (step S2).
 回避経路の候補を作成すると、数値制御装置100は、形状記憶部に記憶した機械構造と、工具形状と、障害物領域とを基に、工作機械の工具が工作機能の他の構造物や障害物と干渉するか否かを判定する。干渉が発生した場合(ステップS3;Yes)、回避経路は候補から除外される(ステップS4)。 After creating the avoidance route candidates, the numerical control device 100 determines whether the tool of the machine tool is capable of detecting other structures or obstacles of the machining function based on the machine structure, the tool shape, and the obstacle area stored in the shape memory unit. Determine whether or not there is interference with an object. If interference occurs (step S3; Yes), the avoidance route is excluded from the candidates (step S4).
 ステップS3において干渉が発生しなかった場合(ステップS3;No)、「逃げ方向」の減速開始位置、「戻り方向」の加速開始位置、「送り方向」の速度を算出する(ステップS5)。なお、減速開始位置及び加速開始位置は座標上の位置ではなく、時間的な開始位置でもよい。 If no interference occurs in step S3 (step S3; No), the "escape direction" deceleration start position, the "return direction" acceleration start position, and the "feed direction" speed are calculated (step S5). Note that the deceleration start position and the acceleration start position may be temporal start positions instead of coordinate positions.
 回避経路の候補が他にもある場合(ステップS6;Yes)、数値制御装置100は、ステップS2に遷移する。回避経路の候補が無い場合(ステップS6;No)、数値制御装置100は、最適な回避経路を選択する(ステップS7)。本開示では、最適な回避経路として所要時間の短いものを選択するが、選択方法はこの限りではない。 If there are other avoidance route candidates (step S6; Yes), the numerical controller 100 transitions to step S2. If there is no avoidance route candidate (step S6; No), the numerical controller 100 selects the optimum avoidance route (step S7). In the present disclosure, the optimal avoidance route is selected as the one with the shortest required time, but the selection method is not limited to this.
 以上説明したように、本開示の数値制御装置100は、干渉を回避しながら工具を移動させる回避経路の候補を作成し、作成した回避経路で干渉が発生する場合には、作成した回避経路を候補から除外する。
 数値制御装置100は、回避経路のオーバラップ処理を行い、オーバラップ処理を行っても干渉の発生しない「逃げ方向」の減速開始位置、「戻り方向」の加速開始位置、「送り方向」の速度を算出する。
 複数の回避経路の候補が存在する場合には、最適な回避経路を選択する。
 これにより、干渉を防止しながら工具を素早く移動させることができる。
As described above, the numerical control device 100 of the present disclosure creates avoidance route candidates for moving the tool while avoiding interference. Exclude from candidates.
The numerical controller 100 performs overlap processing of the avoidance route, and determines the deceleration start position in the “escape direction”, the acceleration start position in the “return direction”, and the speed in the “feed direction” at which interference does not occur even if the overlap processing is performed. Calculate
When multiple avoidance route candidates exist, the optimum avoidance route is selected.
As a result, the tool can be moved quickly while preventing interference.
 なお、本開示では、加工平面に水平移動して障害物を迂回する回避経路と、加工平面に垂直移動して障害物の情報に迂回する回避経路を作成したが、回避経路の候補は必ずしもこれに限定されない。 In the present disclosure, an avoidance route in which an obstacle is bypassed by moving horizontally to the processing plane and an avoidance route in which an obstacle is bypassed by moving vertically to the processing plane are created. is not limited to
 「逃げ方向」の減速開始位置及び「戻り方向」の加速開始位置は、上述した位置に限定されるわけではなく、「送り方向」の移動を開始する前に「逃げ方向」の移動が終了していればよい。また、「送り方向」の移動が終了した後に「戻り方向」の移動を終了していればよい。 The deceleration start position in the "retraction direction" and the acceleration start position in the "return direction" are not limited to the positions described above. It is good if there is. Further, it is sufficient that the movement in the "return direction" is finished after the movement in the "feed direction" is finished.
 本開示の数値制御装置は、次の加工開始点へ位置決めする際に障害物と衝突すると判断した場合、最短経路で障害物を回避する動作(逃げ動作)、最短経路で障害物と干渉しない位置まで移動する動作(送り動作)、障害物と干渉しない位置から次の加工開始点へ位置決めする動作(戻り動作)の3つの経路を作成する。
 本開示の数値制御装置は、逃げ動作から送り動作に移る際、逃げ動作の減速中に送り動作の加速を開始するオーバラップ処理を行う回避経路を作成する。送り動作から戻り動作に移る際にも同様にオーバラップ処理を行う回避経路を作成する。これにより、減速時間及び加速時間が短縮できる。
When it is determined that the numerical control device of the present disclosure will collide with an obstacle when positioning to the next machining start point, the operation of avoiding the obstacle on the shortest route (escape operation), the position where the obstacle does not interfere with the shortest route Three paths are created: an operation to move to (feed operation) and an operation (return operation) to position from a position that does not interfere with an obstacle to the next machining start point.
The numerical control device of the present disclosure creates an avoidance path that performs overlap processing to start acceleration of the feed motion during deceleration of the escape motion when moving from the escape motion to the feed motion. An avoidance route is created for similarly performing overlap processing when shifting from the feed motion to the return motion. As a result, deceleration time and acceleration time can be shortened.
  100 数値制御装置
  11  加工プログラム解析部
  12  加工プログラム記憶部
  13  形状記憶部
  14  干渉判定部
  15  回避経路作成部
  16  回避経路選択部
  17  速度記憶部
  18  補間処理部
  111 CPU
  112 ROM
  113 RAM
  114 不揮発性メモリ
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 100 numerical controller 11 machining program analysis unit 12 machining program storage unit 13 shape storage unit 14 interference determination unit 15 avoidance route creation unit 16 avoidance route selection unit 17 speed storage unit 18 interpolation processing unit 111 CPU
112 ROMs
113 RAM
114 non-volatile memory

Claims (5)

  1.  逃げ方向の経路及び送り方向の経路を含む回避経路での工具移動において、前記逃げ方向の移動を終了した状態で、前記送り方向の移動を停止させずに前記送り方向の加速を開始するオーバラップ処理を行う回避経路を作成する回避経路作成部を備える、数値制御装置。 Overlap in which acceleration in the feed direction is started without stopping the movement in the feed direction in a state where the movement in the escape direction is completed in the movement of the tool along the escape route including the route in the escape direction and the route in the feed direction. A numerical controller comprising an avoidance route creation unit that creates an avoidance route for processing.
  2.  前記回避経路は戻り方向の経路を含み、
     前記回避経路作成部は、前記送り方向の減速の途中で、前記戻り方向の加速を開始するオーバラップ処理を行う回避経路を作成する、請求項1記載の数値制御装置。
    the avoidance route includes a return route;
    2. The numerical controller according to claim 1, wherein said avoidance route creating unit creates an avoidance route for performing overlap processing for starting acceleration in said return direction during deceleration in said feed direction.
  3.  前記回避経路作成部は、複数の回避経路を作成し、所要時間の短い回避経路を選択する、請求項1記載の数値制御装置。 The numerical controller according to claim 1, wherein the avoidance route creation unit creates a plurality of avoidance routes and selects an avoidance route with a short required time.
  4.  加工プログラムを解析してプログラム経路を作成する加工プログラム解析部と、
     前記プログラム経路で干渉が発生するか否かを判定する干渉判定部と、を備え、
     前記回避経路作成部は、干渉が発生するという判定に応答して、前記逃げ方向の経路及び送り方向の経路を含む回避経路を作成する、請求項1記載の数値制御装置。
    a machining program analysis unit that analyzes the machining program and creates a program path;
    an interference determination unit that determines whether or not interference occurs in the program path;
    2. The numerical control device according to claim 1, wherein said avoidance path creation unit creates an avoidance path including said escape direction path and feed direction path in response to a determination that interference will occur.
  5.  1つ又は複数のプロセッサが実行することにより、
     逃げ方向の経路及び送り方向の経路を含む回避経路での工具移動において、前記逃げ方向の移動を終了した状態で、前記送り方向の移動を停止させずに前記送り方向の加速を開始するオーバラップ処理を行う回避経路を作成する、
     コンピュータが読み取り可能な命令を記憶する記憶媒体。
    by one or more processors executing:
    Overlap in which acceleration in the feed direction is started without stopping the movement in the feed direction in a state where the movement in the escape direction is completed in the movement of the tool along the escape route including the route in the escape direction and the route in the feed direction. create an evasive path to process,
    A storage medium that stores computer-readable instructions.
PCT/JP2021/017865 2021-05-11 2021-05-11 Numerical controller and storage medium WO2022239106A1 (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08328637A (en) * 1995-05-29 1996-12-13 Toyoda Mach Works Ltd Robot controller
JPH09120310A (en) * 1995-10-24 1997-05-06 Fanuc Ltd Method and system for moving axis
JPH11104934A (en) * 1997-10-02 1999-04-20 Hitachi Seiki Co Ltd Method of and device for controlling main spindle head transfer at time of automatic tool changing operation
JP2005352662A (en) * 2004-06-09 2005-12-22 Citizen Watch Co Ltd Controller controlling movement of movable part of machine tool, machine tool with controller and moving method for movable part
JP2017087300A (en) * 2015-11-02 2017-05-25 ファナック株式会社 Off-line robot programming device
JP2021026602A (en) * 2019-08-07 2021-02-22 ファナック株式会社 Movement path generation device

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08328637A (en) * 1995-05-29 1996-12-13 Toyoda Mach Works Ltd Robot controller
JPH09120310A (en) * 1995-10-24 1997-05-06 Fanuc Ltd Method and system for moving axis
JPH11104934A (en) * 1997-10-02 1999-04-20 Hitachi Seiki Co Ltd Method of and device for controlling main spindle head transfer at time of automatic tool changing operation
JP2005352662A (en) * 2004-06-09 2005-12-22 Citizen Watch Co Ltd Controller controlling movement of movable part of machine tool, machine tool with controller and moving method for movable part
JP2017087300A (en) * 2015-11-02 2017-05-25 ファナック株式会社 Off-line robot programming device
JP2021026602A (en) * 2019-08-07 2021-02-22 ファナック株式会社 Movement path generation device

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