WO2022236478A1 - Stratified scavenging two-stroke engine - Google Patents
Stratified scavenging two-stroke engine Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022236478A1 WO2022236478A1 PCT/CN2021/092404 CN2021092404W WO2022236478A1 WO 2022236478 A1 WO2022236478 A1 WO 2022236478A1 CN 2021092404 W CN2021092404 W CN 2021092404W WO 2022236478 A1 WO2022236478 A1 WO 2022236478A1
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- cylinder
- air
- piston
- storage chamber
- scavenging
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- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of engines, in particular to a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine.
- the cylinders of stratified scavenging two-stroke engines all adopt the method of pre-storing a part of air in the left and right scavenging passages of the cylinder. After the piston reaches the top dead center, it goes down.
- the scavenging ports on both sides of the cylinder are also gradually opened, and the air stored in the scavenging passage first enters the combustion chamber to scavenge first, reducing the uncombusted mixed gas that is discarded and discharged, thereby reducing the discharge of harmful gases such as HC and CO in the exhaust gas.
- the semi-closed inner channel provided by the piston pre-stores air.
- the air When the piston moves upward in the cylinder, the air enters the semi-closed channel of the piston from the intake channel, and then enters the scavenging channel, and then the mixed gas is released from the mixed gas.
- the channel enters the scavenging channel.
- the air When scavenging, the air will be cleaned first, and then the mixed gas will be cleaned. Gas efficiency, reducing the emission of harmful gases such as HC and CO in the exhaust gas.
- test shows that when the machine is running at high speed, only a small amount of pre-stored air in the semi-closed inner channel enters the scavenging channel for first scavenging, and the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber is not completely cleaned, and the mixed gas in the latter stage continues to clean the exhaust gas.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing stratified scavenging two-stroke engine cannot completely isolate the air and the mixture due to its structural design, and cannot avoid During the process, the air and the mixed gas are mixed with each other, resulting in harmful compounds such as HC and CO in the unburned mixed gas being discharged with the tail gas, causing environmental pollution.
- the invention provides a layered scavenging two-stroke engine, which has mutually independent air intake passages, mixed gas intake passages, mutually independent air storage chambers, mixed gas storage chambers, and mutually independent fully closed passages, In this way, the air and the mixed gas are completely isolated before entering the combustion chamber of the cylinder, avoiding the intermixing and mixing between the air and the mixed gas, and effectively improving the efficiency of stratified scavenging during scavenging.
- the invention provides a kind of stratified scavenging two-stroke engine, comprises air filter, carburetor, muffler, intake pipe, cylinder, piston, crankshaft and crankcase, and piston is arranged in cylinder, and The piston and the cylinder wall of the cylinder form a combustion chamber; the crankshaft and the crankcase are arranged on the lower edge of the cylinder and the piston, and the crankshaft is connected to the piston through the crankshaft connecting rod; the intake pipe communicates with the intake passage of the cylinder, and the muffler communicates with the cylinder The exhaust channel is connected, and the air filter is connected to the end of the intake pipe away from the cylinder;
- the cylinder is provided with an independent cylinder air storage chamber and a cylinder mixed gas storage chamber, which are completely separated and independent; the piston is provided with a fully closed air channel.
- the cylinder includes an air storage chamber and a mixed gas storage chamber, the air storage chamber is arranged above the mixed gas storage chamber, and the air storage chamber communicates with the inside of the cylinder through the air scavenging port;
- the mixed gas storage chamber communicates with the inside of the cylinder through the mixed gas scavenging port, and the lower edge of the mixed gas storage chamber communicates with the mixed gas scavenging channel.
- the air storage chamber includes at least two, and the air storage chamber is arranged on the side of the cylinder, and arranged symmetrically;
- the mixed gas storage chamber includes at least two, and the mixed gas storage chamber is arranged on the side of the cylinder, and is balanced and symmetrically arranged.
- the outer edge of the piston is provided with a fully closed air channel and a piston air storage chamber, the piston air storage room is located on the upper part of the fully closed air channel; the fully closed air channel is located at the intake side of the piston skirt.
- the fully-closed air passage is set to be connected to the tunnel mouth on the other side with the shortest irregular passage from the tunnel mouth on one side; Use the shortest irregular channel to connect to the tunnel entrance on the other side.
- piston air storage chambers there are at least two piston air storage chambers and fully enclosed air passages, which are arranged in a balanced and symmetrical manner.
- the number of piston air storage chambers and fully-closed air passages is the same as the number of cylinder air storage chambers and mixed gas storage chambers, the piston air storage chambers are arranged on the same side of the intake passage, and the piston air storage chambers are connected to the same side of the intake passage.
- the air storage chamber of the cylinder is in the angle relationship between the vertical bisector. .
- scavenging air cover also includes a scavenging air cover.
- One side of the scavenging air cover has a smooth arc surface and a layered rib structure, and cooperates with the cylinder block to form a complete cylinder air storage room and a cylinder mixed gas storage room.
- the intake pipe includes an upper layer air channel and a lower layer mixed gas channel, the middle of the upper layer air channel is provided with a multi-layer dividing plate, and the middle of the lower layer mixed gas channel is provided with a multi-layer dividing plate.
- the intake channel of the cylinder includes a cylinder air channel and a cylinder mixed gas channel, and the cylinder air channel is arranged above the cylinder mixed gas channel; the upper air channel of the intake pipe communicates with the cylinder air channel, and the lower layer of the air intake pipe communicates with the cylinder air channel. Cylinder mixture passage communicates.
- a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of the present invention has an independent air storage chamber and an air intake channel, including an independent cylinder air intake port, so as to ensure that the air and the mixed gas are completely separated before the air enters the cylinder Come, to avoid the incompletely combusted mixed gas connected to the exhaust gas to be discharged together during scavenging, resulting in short-circuit loss, resulting in high HC emissions.
- the piston In a layered scavenging two-stroke engine of the present invention, during the upward movement of the piston, the piston fully seals the air channel and the air storage room of the piston, which increases the storage capacity of pure air in the cylinder air storage room; when scavenging, the two cylinders There is a large amount of pure air in the air storage room on the side to clean the exhaust gas first, and then the mixed gas is cleaned, which minimizes the loss of the mixed gas to the exhaust system along with the waste, and greatly improves the quality, efficiency and efficiency of the scavenging air.
- the gas utilization rate is greatly reduced, and the content of HC, CO and other compounds in the exhaust gas is greatly reduced.
- Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a kind of stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a cylinder and a piston of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a cylinder of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a piston of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 5 is the left view of a kind of stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 6 is the right side view of a kind of stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 7 is another schematic cross-sectional view of a piston of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 8 is another schematic cross-sectional view of a piston of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a piston of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a piston of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the crankshaft rotation direction of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 12 is a comparison chart of emission values of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a cylinder and a piston of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of stratified scavenging two-stroke engine 1, comprises air filter 3, carburetor 4, muffler 17, intake pipe 10, cylinder 2, piston 11, crankshaft 12 And crankcase 13, piston 11 is arranged in cylinder 2, and the cylinder wall of piston 11 and cylinder 2 forms a combustion chamber 18; Crankshaft 12 and crankcase 13 are arranged on the lower edge of cylinder 2 and piston 11, and crankshaft 12 passes
- the crankshaft connecting rod 14 is connected with the piston 11;
- the intake pipe 10 is connected with the intake passages 8 and 9 of the cylinder 2,
- the muffler 17 is connected with the exhaust passage 16 of the cylinder 2
- the air filter 3 is connected with the end of the intake pipe 10 away from the cylinder ;
- cylinder 2 is provided with independent cylinder air storage chamber 22,30 and cylinder mixed gas storage chamber 38,39, cylinder air storage chamber 22,30 and cylinder mixed gas storage chamber 38,39 It is set to be completely separated and independent; as shown in FIG. 10 , the piston is provided with fully closed air passages 24 and 32 .
- Piston molds with fully closed air passages require high mold opening technology, and blank molding is more complicated.
- the piston with fully closed air channel is heated at high temperature, the shape of the outer circle is heated regularly and the heat dissipation is balanced; while the piston with open channel is concave on both sides, and the outer circle is easy to deform when heated at high temperature, which is more likely to cause the mixed gas and air to mix.
- the cylinder 2 includes air storage chambers 22, 30 and mixed gas storage chambers 38, 39, the air storage chambers 22, 30 are arranged above the mixed gas storage chambers 38, 39, the air storage chambers 22, 30 communicates with the inside of the cylinder through the air scavenging port; the mixed gas storage chamber 38, 39 communicates with the inside of the cylinder through the mixed gas scavenging port, and the lower edge of the mixed gas storage chamber 38, 39 communicates with the mixed gas scavenging channel.
- the air storage chambers 22 and 30 include at least two, and the air storage chambers are arranged on the side of the cylinder, and are arranged in a balanced and symmetrical manner; the mixed gas storage chambers include at least two, and the mixed gas storage chambers are arranged on the sides of the cylinder, and are arranged in a balanced and symmetrical manner .
- the air storage chamber is arranged above the mixture storage chamber.
- the total volume range of the air storage chambers arranged on both sides of the cylinder : 0.8 to 3.5cc.
- piston 11 As shown in Figure 10, the outer edge of piston 11 is provided with fully closed air channel 24,32 and piston air storage chamber 23,37, and piston air storage room 23,37 is positioned at the top of fully closed air channel 24,32;
- the closed air channels 24, 32 are located on the intake side of the piston 11 skirt.
- the fully closed air passages 24, 32 are arranged to be connected to the other side of the tunnel mouth by the shortest irregular passage from the tunnel mouth on one side in the piston air intake direction.
- the number of the piston air storage chamber and the fully closed air passage is the same as that of the cylinder air storage chamber and the mixed gas storage chamber; the piston air storage chamber of the piston is in the same side direction as the intake passage of the cylinder, and the piston The air storage chamber and the cylinder air storage chamber of the cylinder are in an angle close to the vertical bisector, as shown in Figure 12.
- the piston air storage chamber of the piston and the cylinder air of the cylinder The storage chamber is 90°; the piston air storage chamber of the piston and the mixed gas storage chamber of the cylinder form an angle close to the vertical bisector, and the mixed gas storage chamber of the cylinder is in the same side direction as the cylinder air storage chamber, and is arranged on the cylinder air storage chamber chamber below.
- the outside of the cylinder also includes scavenging air covers 27, 28, one side of the scavenging air cover has a smooth arc surface and is formed by a layered rib structure, and cooperates with the cylinder body to form a complete cylinder air storage chamber 22, 30 and cylinder mixture storage chamber.
- the intake pipe 10 includes an upper air passage 10a and a lower mixed gas passage 10b, a multi-layer splitter is arranged in the middle of the upper air passage 10a, and a multi-layer splitter is arranged in the middle of the lower mixed gas passage 10b.
- the air intake channel includes an air channel 9 and a mixed gas channel 8, and the air channel 9 is arranged above the mixed gas channel 8; the upper air channel 10a of the intake pipe 10 communicates with the air channel 9, and the lower layer of the air channel 10b of the air intake pipe 10 communicates with the mixed gas channel 8.
- Air channel 8 communicates.
- the pure air enters the upper air channel of the intake pipe through the air filter and the carburetor when the piston moves upward in sequence.
- the air first enters the piston air storage chamber for pre-storage; the piston continues upward, and the pure air in the air intake pipe is sucked into the fully closed air channel of the piston and stored in the cylinder air storage chamber; the piston continues upward, and the mixed gas enters the lower layer of the intake pipe
- the channel opens the intake port of the cylinder mixture gas, and the mixture gas communicates with the cylinder mixture gas passage through the crank chamber and is stored in the cylinder mixture gas storage chamber.
- the piston goes down, and the upper edge of the piston opens the exhaust port and the air scavenging port in the cylinder in sequence.
- the mixed gas scavenging port is opened, the stratified air is cleaned first, and then the mixed gas is cleaned; the opening time of the air scavenging port is shorter than that of the exhaust
- the pure air passes through the air filter 3 and the carburetor under the action of atmospheric pressure.
- the choke valve 5 of 4, the connecting piece 6, the air channel 10a above the throttle valve 7 and the upper floor of the intake pipe 10 enter into the piston air storage chamber 23,37 for pre-stored.
- the lower edge 25 of the piston opens the mixed gas inlet port 35, and after the mixed gas inlet channel 8 is combined, the combustible mixed gas passes through the resistance of the air filter 3 and the carburetor 4 under the action of atmospheric pressure.
- the gas mixture channel 10b below the damper 5, the connecting piece 6, the throttle valve 7, and the lower layer of the intake pipe 10 is sucked into the crank chamber 15.
- the spark plug 45 emits electric sparks to ignite the mixed gas compressed into the combustion chamber 18, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas after combustion forces the piston 11 to go down, closing the mixed gas in turn.
- Intake port 35, air intake port 33, 34, here, the combustible mixed gas inhaled into crank chamber 15 is pre-compressed due to the downward movement of piston 11, positive pressure is formed in crank chamber 15, and combustible mixed gas in crank chamber 15 It is compressed into the cylinder mixture passages 26, 29 and stored in the cylinder mixture storage chambers 38, 39.
- the upper edge 19 of the piston opens the exhaust port 36, and part of the exhaust gas flows into the muffler 17 through the exhaust passage 16 and is discharged into the atmosphere, and the piston 11 continues to descend sequentially.
- the upper edge 19 of the piston opens the air scavenging ports 21, 31 , at this time, the pure air pre-stored in the cylinder air storage chambers 22 and 30 in the cylinder 2 first enters the combustion chamber 18 to clean the exhaust gas first, and then the upper edge 19 of the piston opens the mixed gas scavenging port 20, and the cylinder mixed gas storage room in the cylinder 2 38, 39
- the pre-stored combustible mixed gas enters the combustion chamber 18 and then scavenges.
- the exclusive cylinder air storage chambers 22, 30 and the exclusive cylinder mixed gas storage chambers 38, 39 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cylinder 2, they are mutually independent and balanced to avoid
- the pure air and combustible mixed gas are mixed with each other, which can greatly increase the pure air storage capacity of the cylinder air storage chambers 22 and 30, and there are symmetrical dedicated air scavenging ports 21 and 31 and exclusive mixed gas scavenging ports 20 on both sides of the cylinder 2
- the structure is arranged in a balanced manner, which greatly improves the good scavenging efficiency and reduces the phenomenon that the incompletely combusted mixed gas is discharged with the exhaust gas, thereby effectively reducing harmful compounds such as HC and CO in the exhaust gas.
- the use principle of the existing stratified scavenging two-stroke engine is that air is pre-stored in the scavenging channel, and in the scavenging channel, it is divided from top to bottom: air, mixed gas of air and mixed gas, mixed gas, in
- air is pre-stored in the scavenging channel, and in the scavenging channel, it is divided from top to bottom: air, mixed gas of air and mixed gas, mixed gas, in
- a kind of stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of the embodiment of the present invention has exclusive pure air storage room and exclusive mixed gas storage room in the cylinder body, isolates pure air and combustible mixed gas intermingled with each other, pure The air is communicated through the air storage chamber of the piston and the fully enclosed air passage of the piston, which increases the pure air storage capacity in the cylinder air storage chamber in the cylinder, and there are exclusive air scavenging ports and exclusive mixed air scavenging ports in the cylinder body.
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
A stratified scavenging two-stroke engine, comprising an air filter (3), a carburettor (4), a silencer (17), a gas intake pipe (10), a cylinder (2), a piston (11), a crankshaft (12) and a crankcase (13). The piston (11) is arranged in the cylinder (2), and the piston (11) and a cylinder wall of the cylinder (2) form a combustion chamber (18). The crankshaft (12) and the crankcase (13) are arranged at lower edges of the cylinder (2) and the piston (11). The gas intake pipe (10) communicates with gas intake channels (8, 9) of the cylinder (2). The silencer (17) is connected to an exhaust channel (16) of the cylinder (2). The air filter (3) is connected to the end of the gas intake pipe (10) away from the cylinder (2). The cylinder (2) is provided with independent cylinder air storage chambers (22, 30) and cylinder mixed gas storage chambers (38, 39). The cylinder air storage chambers (22, 30) and the cylinder mixed gas storage chambers (38, 39) are configured to be completely separate and independent. The piston (11) is provided with a fully closed air channel. In actual use, the loss of mixed gas along with exhaust gas into an exhaust system can be reduced; moreover, the scavenging quality, the scavenging efficiency and the scavenging utilisation rate are improved, and the content of HC, CO and other compounds in the exhaust gas is reduced.
Description
本发明涉及发动机领域,尤其涉及一种分层扫气二冲程发动机。The invention relates to the field of engines, in particular to a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine.
目前,分层扫气二冲程发动机的汽缸,都有采用在汽缸的左、右扫气道预储存一部分空气的方式,在活塞达到上止点后下行,随着排气口完全被打开后,汽缸两侧的扫气口也逐渐打开,与储存在扫气道的空气先行进入燃烧室率先扫气,减少未经燃烧混合气随废弃排除,进而减少废气中HC、CO等有害气体的排出。例如ZL201610350517.2,活塞设有的半闭式内通道预存空气,活塞在汽缸中上行时,空气由进气通道进入活塞的半闭式通道内,继而进入扫气道,随后混合气由混合气通道进入扫气道,扫气时,会有空气先行清扫,混合气再进行清扫,同时混合气通过非对称的扫气道,让混合气产生不同的流动性,进入燃烧室形成涡流,提高扫气效率,降低废气中HC、CO等有害气体的排放。At present, the cylinders of stratified scavenging two-stroke engines all adopt the method of pre-storing a part of air in the left and right scavenging passages of the cylinder. After the piston reaches the top dead center, it goes down. The scavenging ports on both sides of the cylinder are also gradually opened, and the air stored in the scavenging passage first enters the combustion chamber to scavenge first, reducing the uncombusted mixed gas that is discarded and discharged, thereby reducing the discharge of harmful gases such as HC and CO in the exhaust gas. For example ZL201610350517.2, the semi-closed inner channel provided by the piston pre-stores air. When the piston moves upward in the cylinder, the air enters the semi-closed channel of the piston from the intake channel, and then enters the scavenging channel, and then the mixed gas is released from the mixed gas. The channel enters the scavenging channel. When scavenging, the air will be cleaned first, and then the mixed gas will be cleaned. Gas efficiency, reducing the emission of harmful gases such as HC and CO in the exhaust gas.
但是,试验表明机器在高速运行时,半闭式内通道内预存的空气只有少量的进入扫气道进行率先扫气,对燃烧室内的废气,清扫不完全,后段的混合气继续清扫废气,会有部分混合气随着废气流失;又因为活塞两侧的半闭式通道是相通的,扫气道内预储空气和混合气气体,经由活塞半闭式通道相通,导致气体间相互参杂混合,扫气时不仅有空气,也有未经燃烧的混合气参与尾气排出;并且扫气道非对称造成气流对冲不均衡,形成涡流,未经燃烧的混合气会随尾气排出;结果,尾气中HC、CO等有害化合物净化不是很明显,不利于环境保护。However, the test shows that when the machine is running at high speed, only a small amount of pre-stored air in the semi-closed inner channel enters the scavenging channel for first scavenging, and the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber is not completely cleaned, and the mixed gas in the latter stage continues to clean the exhaust gas. Part of the mixed gas will be lost with the exhaust gas; and because the semi-closed channels on both sides of the piston are connected, the pre-stored air and mixed gas in the scavenging channel are communicated through the semi-closed channel of the piston, resulting in intermixing and mixing of the gases , when scavenging, not only air, but also unburned mixed gas participate in the exhaust gas discharge; and the asymmetry of the scavenging channel causes the airflow to be unbalanced, forming a vortex, and the unburned mixed gas will be discharged with the exhaust gas; as a result, the HC in the exhaust gas The purification of harmful compounds such as , CO, etc. is not very obvious, which is not conducive to environmental protection.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷,本发明所要解决的技术问题是现有的分层扫气二冲程发动机因其结构设计的原因,使得空气和混合气不能完全隔离开,无法避免在发动机在运行过程中空气和混合气体相互参杂混合,从而造成未经燃烧的混合气中HC、CO等有害化合物随尾气排出,造成环境污染。本发明提供了一种分层扫气二冲程发动机,具有相互独立的空气进气通道、混合气进气通道,相互独立的空气存储室、混合气体存储室,及相互独立的全闭式通道,从而使空气和混合气在进入汽缸的燃烧室之前完全隔离,避免空气和混合气气体间相互参杂混合,扫气时有效的提高分层扫气的效率。In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing stratified scavenging two-stroke engine cannot completely isolate the air and the mixture due to its structural design, and cannot avoid During the process, the air and the mixed gas are mixed with each other, resulting in harmful compounds such as HC and CO in the unburned mixed gas being discharged with the tail gas, causing environmental pollution. The invention provides a layered scavenging two-stroke engine, which has mutually independent air intake passages, mixed gas intake passages, mutually independent air storage chambers, mixed gas storage chambers, and mutually independent fully closed passages, In this way, the air and the mixed gas are completely isolated before entering the combustion chamber of the cylinder, avoiding the intermixing and mixing between the air and the mixed gas, and effectively improving the efficiency of stratified scavenging during scavenging.
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种分层扫气二冲程发动机,包括空滤器、化油 器、消音器、进气管、汽缸、活塞、曲柄轴和曲轴箱,活塞设置在汽缸内,且活塞与汽缸的缸壁形成一个燃烧室;曲柄轴与曲轴箱设置在汽缸和活塞的下沿,曲柄轴通过曲柄轴连杆与活塞连接;进气管与汽缸的进气通道连通,消音器与汽缸的排气通道连接,空滤器与进气管远离汽缸的一端连接;To achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of stratified scavenging two-stroke engine, comprises air filter, carburetor, muffler, intake pipe, cylinder, piston, crankshaft and crankcase, and piston is arranged in cylinder, and The piston and the cylinder wall of the cylinder form a combustion chamber; the crankshaft and the crankcase are arranged on the lower edge of the cylinder and the piston, and the crankshaft is connected to the piston through the crankshaft connecting rod; the intake pipe communicates with the intake passage of the cylinder, and the muffler communicates with the cylinder The exhaust channel is connected, and the air filter is connected to the end of the intake pipe away from the cylinder;
其中,汽缸设置有独立的汽缸空气存储室和汽缸混合气体存储室,汽缸空气存储室和汽缸混合气体存储室设置为完全分开且独立;活塞设置有全闭式空气通道。Wherein, the cylinder is provided with an independent cylinder air storage chamber and a cylinder mixed gas storage chamber, which are completely separated and independent; the piston is provided with a fully closed air channel.
进一步地,汽缸包括空气存储室和混合气存储室,空气存储室设置在混合气存储室的上方,空气存储室通过空气扫气口与汽缸内部相连通;Further, the cylinder includes an air storage chamber and a mixed gas storage chamber, the air storage chamber is arranged above the mixed gas storage chamber, and the air storage chamber communicates with the inside of the cylinder through the air scavenging port;
混合气存储室通过混合气扫气口与汽缸内部相连通,混合气存储室的下缘与混合气扫气通道相连通。The mixed gas storage chamber communicates with the inside of the cylinder through the mixed gas scavenging port, and the lower edge of the mixed gas storage chamber communicates with the mixed gas scavenging channel.
进一步地,空气存储室包括至少2个,空气存储室设置于汽缸的侧边,且均衡对称布置;Further, the air storage chamber includes at least two, and the air storage chamber is arranged on the side of the cylinder, and arranged symmetrically;
混合气存储室包括至少2个,混合气存储室设置于汽缸的侧边,且均衡对称布置。The mixed gas storage chamber includes at least two, and the mixed gas storage chamber is arranged on the side of the cylinder, and is balanced and symmetrically arranged.
进一步地,活塞的外缘设置有全闭式空气通道和活塞空气存储室,活塞空气存储室位于全闭式空气通道的上部;全闭式空气通道位于活塞裙部进气侧。Further, the outer edge of the piston is provided with a fully closed air channel and a piston air storage chamber, the piston air storage room is located on the upper part of the fully closed air channel; the fully closed air channel is located at the intake side of the piston skirt.
进一步地,全闭式空气通道设置为由一侧隧道口以最短不规则通道,相接连通到另一侧隧道口;优选为,全闭式空气通道设置为由活塞进气方向一侧隧道口以最短不规则通道,相接连通到另一侧隧道口。Further, the fully-closed air passage is set to be connected to the tunnel mouth on the other side with the shortest irregular passage from the tunnel mouth on one side; Use the shortest irregular channel to connect to the tunnel entrance on the other side.
进一步地,活塞空气存储室和全闭式空气通道包括至少2个,且均衡对称布置。Further, there are at least two piston air storage chambers and fully enclosed air passages, which are arranged in a balanced and symmetrical manner.
进一步地,活塞空气存储室和全闭式空气通道的个数与汽缸的空气存储室和混合气存储室的个数相同,活塞空气存储室设置在进气通道的同侧,活塞空气存储室与汽缸的空气存储室呈垂直平分线夹角关系。。Further, the number of piston air storage chambers and fully-closed air passages is the same as the number of cylinder air storage chambers and mixed gas storage chambers, the piston air storage chambers are arranged on the same side of the intake passage, and the piston air storage chambers are connected to the same side of the intake passage. The air storage chamber of the cylinder is in the angle relationship between the vertical bisector. .
进一步地,还包括扫气盖,扫气盖一面呈光滑弧形面且有分层筋条结构形成,与汽缸缸体配合形成完整的汽缸空气存储室、及汽缸混合气存储室。Further, it also includes a scavenging air cover. One side of the scavenging air cover has a smooth arc surface and a layered rib structure, and cooperates with the cylinder block to form a complete cylinder air storage room and a cylinder mixed gas storage room.
进一步地,进气管包括上层空气通道和下层混合气通道,上层空气通道的中间设置有多层分流隔板,下层混合气通道的中间设置有多层分流隔板。Further, the intake pipe includes an upper layer air channel and a lower layer mixed gas channel, the middle of the upper layer air channel is provided with a multi-layer dividing plate, and the middle of the lower layer mixed gas channel is provided with a multi-layer dividing plate.
进一步地,汽缸的进气通道包括汽缸空气通道和汽缸混合气通道,汽缸空气通道设置在汽缸混合气通道的上方;进气管的上层空气通道与汽缸空气通道连通,进气管的下层混合气通道与汽缸混合气通道连通。Further, the intake channel of the cylinder includes a cylinder air channel and a cylinder mixed gas channel, and the cylinder air channel is arranged above the cylinder mixed gas channel; the upper air channel of the intake pipe communicates with the cylinder air channel, and the lower layer of the air intake pipe communicates with the cylinder air channel. Cylinder mixture passage communicates.
技术效果technical effect
本发明的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机,具有独立的空气存储室和空气进气通道,包括独立的汽缸空气进气口,以保证空气在进入汽缸之前,空气和混合气完全分隔开来,避免扫气时将未经完全燃烧的混合气连通尾气一并排出,产生短路损失,从而造成高HC的排放。本发明的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机,在活塞上行过程中,活塞全封闭空气通道和活塞的空气存储室,增加了纯空气在汽缸空气存储室储存量;在扫气 时,汽缸两侧的空气储存室有大量的纯空气先行清扫废气,然后混合气再进行清扫,最大限度的减少了混合气随废弃损失到排气***中,同时大大提高了扫气质量、扫气效率和扫气利用率,大大降低了废气中HC、CO等化合物的含量。A stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of the present invention has an independent air storage chamber and an air intake channel, including an independent cylinder air intake port, so as to ensure that the air and the mixed gas are completely separated before the air enters the cylinder Come, to avoid the incompletely combusted mixed gas connected to the exhaust gas to be discharged together during scavenging, resulting in short-circuit loss, resulting in high HC emissions. In a layered scavenging two-stroke engine of the present invention, during the upward movement of the piston, the piston fully seals the air channel and the air storage room of the piston, which increases the storage capacity of pure air in the cylinder air storage room; when scavenging, the two cylinders There is a large amount of pure air in the air storage room on the side to clean the exhaust gas first, and then the mixed gas is cleaned, which minimizes the loss of the mixed gas to the exhaust system along with the waste, and greatly improves the quality, efficiency and efficiency of the scavenging air. The gas utilization rate is greatly reduced, and the content of HC, CO and other compounds in the exhaust gas is greatly reduced.
以下将结合附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明,以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。The idea, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention.
图1是本发明的一较佳实施例的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机的示意图;Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a kind of stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明的一较佳实施例的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机的汽缸和活塞的剖视图;Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a cylinder and a piston of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明的一较佳实施例的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机的汽缸的剖视图;Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a cylinder of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明的一较佳实施例的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机的活塞的横截面示意图;Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a piston of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本发明的一较佳实施例的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机的左视图;Fig. 5 is the left view of a kind of stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图6是本发明的一较佳实施例的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机的右视图;Fig. 6 is the right side view of a kind of stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图7是本发明的一较佳实施例的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机的活塞的又一横截面示意图;Fig. 7 is another schematic cross-sectional view of a piston of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图8是本发明的一较佳实施例的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机的活塞的另一横截面示意图;Fig. 8 is another schematic cross-sectional view of a piston of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图9是本发明的一较佳实施例的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机的活塞的示意图;Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a piston of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图10是本发明的一较佳实施例的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机的活塞的立体示意图;Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a piston of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图11是本发明的一较佳实施例的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机的曲轴旋转方向示意图;Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the crankshaft rotation direction of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图12是本发明的一较佳实施例的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机的排放值对比图;Fig. 12 is a comparison chart of emission values of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图13是本发明的一较佳实施例的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机的汽缸与活塞相配合的截面图。Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a cylinder and a piston of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示,本发明实施例提供了一种分层扫气二冲程发动机1,包括空滤器3、化油器4、消音器17、进气管10、汽缸2、活塞11、曲柄轴12和曲轴箱13,活塞11设置在汽缸2内,且活塞11与汽缸2的缸壁形成一个燃烧室18;曲柄轴12与曲轴箱13设置在汽缸2和活塞11的下沿,曲柄轴12通过曲柄轴连杆14与活塞11连接;进气管10与汽缸2的进气通道8、9连通,消音器17与汽缸2的排气通道16连接,空 滤器3与进气管10远离汽缸的一端连接;As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of stratified scavenging two-stroke engine 1, comprises air filter 3, carburetor 4, muffler 17, intake pipe 10, cylinder 2, piston 11, crankshaft 12 And crankcase 13, piston 11 is arranged in cylinder 2, and the cylinder wall of piston 11 and cylinder 2 forms a combustion chamber 18; Crankshaft 12 and crankcase 13 are arranged on the lower edge of cylinder 2 and piston 11, and crankshaft 12 passes The crankshaft connecting rod 14 is connected with the piston 11; the intake pipe 10 is connected with the intake passages 8 and 9 of the cylinder 2, the muffler 17 is connected with the exhaust passage 16 of the cylinder 2, and the air filter 3 is connected with the end of the intake pipe 10 away from the cylinder ;
其中,如图5和图6所示,汽缸2设置有独立的汽缸空气存储室22、30和汽缸混合气体存储室38、39,汽缸空气存储室22、30和汽缸混合气体存储室38、39设置为完全分开且独立;如图10所示,活塞设置有全闭式空气通道24、32。具有全闭式空气通道的活塞模具需要较高的开模技术,毛胚成型较复杂。具有全闭式空气通道的活塞在高温受热时,外圆形状规律受热,散热均衡;而开放式通道活塞两侧凹陷,高温受热时外圆容易变形,从而更容易导致混合气与空气混杂。Wherein, as shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, cylinder 2 is provided with independent cylinder air storage chamber 22,30 and cylinder mixed gas storage chamber 38,39, cylinder air storage chamber 22,30 and cylinder mixed gas storage chamber 38,39 It is set to be completely separated and independent; as shown in FIG. 10 , the piston is provided with fully closed air passages 24 and 32 . Piston molds with fully closed air passages require high mold opening technology, and blank molding is more complicated. When the piston with fully closed air channel is heated at high temperature, the shape of the outer circle is heated regularly and the heat dissipation is balanced; while the piston with open channel is concave on both sides, and the outer circle is easy to deform when heated at high temperature, which is more likely to cause the mixed gas and air to mix.
如图5和图6所示,汽缸2包括空气存储室22、30和混合气存储室38、39,空气存储室22、30设置在混合气存储室38、39的上方,空气存储室22、30通过空气扫气口与汽缸内部相连通;混合气存储室38、39通过混合气扫气口与汽缸内部相连通,混合气存储室38、39的下缘与混合气扫气通道相连通。空气存储室22、30包括至少2个,空气存储室设置于汽缸的侧边,且均衡对称布置;混合气存储室包括至少2个,混合气存储室设置于汽缸的侧边,且均衡对称布置。本实施例中,空气存储室设置为2个,在汽缸的侧边且与汽缸的轴线对称布置;混合气存储室设置为2个,在汽缸的侧边且与汽缸的轴线对称布置;并且,空气存储室设置在混合气存储室的上方。汽缸两侧设置的空气存储室的总容积范围:0.8~3.5cc。As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the cylinder 2 includes air storage chambers 22, 30 and mixed gas storage chambers 38, 39, the air storage chambers 22, 30 are arranged above the mixed gas storage chambers 38, 39, the air storage chambers 22, 30 communicates with the inside of the cylinder through the air scavenging port; the mixed gas storage chamber 38, 39 communicates with the inside of the cylinder through the mixed gas scavenging port, and the lower edge of the mixed gas storage chamber 38, 39 communicates with the mixed gas scavenging channel. The air storage chambers 22 and 30 include at least two, and the air storage chambers are arranged on the side of the cylinder, and are arranged in a balanced and symmetrical manner; the mixed gas storage chambers include at least two, and the mixed gas storage chambers are arranged on the sides of the cylinder, and are arranged in a balanced and symmetrical manner . In this embodiment, there are two air storage chambers arranged symmetrically on the side of the cylinder and symmetrically with the axis of the cylinder; there are two mixed gas storage chambers arranged symmetrically on the side of the cylinder and symmetrically with the axis of the cylinder; and, The air storage chamber is arranged above the mixture storage chamber. The total volume range of the air storage chambers arranged on both sides of the cylinder: 0.8 to 3.5cc.
如图10所示,活塞11的外缘设置有全闭式空气通道24、32和活塞空气存储室23、37,活塞空气存储室23、37位于全闭式空气通道24、32的上部;全闭式空气通道24、32位于活塞11裙部进气侧。全闭式空气通道24、32设置为由活塞进气方向一侧隧道口以最短不规则通道,相接连通到另一侧隧道口。活塞空气存储室和全闭式空气通道包括至少2个,且均衡对称布置。本实施例中,活塞空气存储室和全闭式空气通道均设置为2个,且与活塞的轴向对称布置。As shown in Figure 10, the outer edge of piston 11 is provided with fully closed air channel 24,32 and piston air storage chamber 23,37, and piston air storage room 23,37 is positioned at the top of fully closed air channel 24,32; The closed air channels 24, 32 are located on the intake side of the piston 11 skirt. The fully closed air passages 24, 32 are arranged to be connected to the other side of the tunnel mouth by the shortest irregular passage from the tunnel mouth on one side in the piston air intake direction. There are at least two piston air storage chambers and fully enclosed air passages, which are balanced and symmetrically arranged. In this embodiment, there are two piston air storage chambers and fully closed air passages, which are arranged symmetrically with the axial direction of the piston.
其中,活塞空气存储室和全闭式空气通道,与汽缸的空气存储室和混合气存储室的个数相同;活塞的活塞空气存储室与汽缸的进气通道成同侧方向,且活塞的活塞空气存储室与汽缸的汽缸空气存储室呈接近垂直平分线夹角关系,如图12所示,从活塞与汽缸相配合的横截面中可以看出,活塞的活塞空气存储室与汽缸的汽缸空气存储室呈90°;活塞的活塞空气存储室与汽缸的混合气存储室呈接近垂直平分线夹角关系,且汽缸的混合气存储室与汽缸空气存储室成同侧方向,设置在汽缸空气存储室下方。Among them, the number of the piston air storage chamber and the fully closed air passage is the same as that of the cylinder air storage chamber and the mixed gas storage chamber; the piston air storage chamber of the piston is in the same side direction as the intake passage of the cylinder, and the piston The air storage chamber and the cylinder air storage chamber of the cylinder are in an angle close to the vertical bisector, as shown in Figure 12. From the cross-section of the piston and the cylinder, it can be seen that the piston air storage chamber of the piston and the cylinder air of the cylinder The storage chamber is 90°; the piston air storage chamber of the piston and the mixed gas storage chamber of the cylinder form an angle close to the vertical bisector, and the mixed gas storage chamber of the cylinder is in the same side direction as the cylinder air storage chamber, and is arranged on the cylinder air storage chamber chamber below.
如图3所示,汽缸外侧还包括扫气盖27、28,扫气盖一面呈光滑弧形面且有分层筋条结构形成,与汽缸缸体配合形成完整的汽缸空气存储室22、30及汽缸混合气存储室。As shown in Figure 3, the outside of the cylinder also includes scavenging air covers 27, 28, one side of the scavenging air cover has a smooth arc surface and is formed by a layered rib structure, and cooperates with the cylinder body to form a complete cylinder air storage chamber 22, 30 and cylinder mixture storage chamber.
如图1所示,进气管10包括上层空气通道10a和下层混合气通道10b,上层空气通道10a的中间设置有多层分流隔板,下层混合气通道10b的中间设置有多层分流隔板。进气通道包括空气通道9和混合气通道8,空气通道9设置在混合气通道8的上方;进气管10的上层空气通道10a与空气通道9连通,进气管10的下层混合气通道 10b与混合气通道8连通。As shown in Figure 1, the intake pipe 10 includes an upper air passage 10a and a lower mixed gas passage 10b, a multi-layer splitter is arranged in the middle of the upper air passage 10a, and a multi-layer splitter is arranged in the middle of the lower mixed gas passage 10b. The air intake channel includes an air channel 9 and a mixed gas channel 8, and the air channel 9 is arranged above the mixed gas channel 8; the upper air channel 10a of the intake pipe 10 communicates with the air channel 9, and the lower layer of the air channel 10b of the air intake pipe 10 communicates with the mixed gas channel 8. Air channel 8 communicates.
本发明实施例的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机运行时,活塞依序上行时纯空气介由空滤器、化油器,进入进气管上层空气通道,此时打开汽缸空气进气口,纯空气首先进入活塞空气存储室内预存;活塞继续上行,空气进气管中的纯空气被吸入活塞全闭式空气通道内,存储于汽缸空气存储室内;活塞继续再上行,混合气进入进气管下层混合气通道,打开汽缸混合气进气口,混合气经由曲轴室连通到达汽缸混合气通道并存储于汽缸混合气存储室内。When the stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of the embodiment of the present invention is running, the pure air enters the upper air channel of the intake pipe through the air filter and the carburetor when the piston moves upward in sequence. The air first enters the piston air storage chamber for pre-storage; the piston continues upward, and the pure air in the air intake pipe is sucked into the fully closed air channel of the piston and stored in the cylinder air storage chamber; the piston continues upward, and the mixed gas enters the lower layer of the intake pipe The channel opens the intake port of the cylinder mixture gas, and the mixture gas communicates with the cylinder mixture gas passage through the crank chamber and is stored in the cylinder mixture gas storage chamber.
接着,活塞下行,活塞上沿依序打开汽缸体内排气口、空气扫气口,在打开混合气扫气口时,达到分层空气先行清扫,混合气再进行清扫;空气扫气口开启时间比排气口开启时间在曲轴转角上晚α,α=2~12度;混合气扫气口开启时间比空气扫气口开启时间在曲轴转角上晚β,β=0.5~13度。Then, the piston goes down, and the upper edge of the piston opens the exhaust port and the air scavenging port in the cylinder in sequence. When the mixed gas scavenging port is opened, the stratified air is cleaned first, and then the mixed gas is cleaned; the opening time of the air scavenging port is shorter than that of the exhaust The port opening time is α later than the crank angle, α=2-12 degrees; the mixed air scavenging port opening time is β later than the air scavenging port opening time, β=0.5-13 degrees.
以下将配合图1-10,具体说明本实施例的的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机的具体实现过程:The specific implementation process of a stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of the present embodiment will be described below in conjunction with Fig. 1-10:
如图1-10所示的相应位置,当活塞11上行时,压缩汽缸缸体内可燃混合气体,同时在活塞下沿25的曲轴室15容积变大,形成负压。In the corresponding position shown in Figure 1-10, when the piston 11 moves upward, the combustible gas mixture in the cylinder body is compressed, and at the same time, the volume of the crank chamber 15 along the lower edge 25 of the piston becomes larger, forming a negative pressure.
活塞11依序上行到活塞空气存储室上沿42、43与空气进气口33、34、空气进气通道9、44结合后,纯空气在大气压的作用下,通过空滤器3、化油器4的阻风门5、衔接片6、节气门7上面、进气管10上层的空气通道10a进入到活塞空气存储室23、37预存。After the piston 11 ascends to the upper edge 42, 43 of the piston air storage chamber in sequence and combines with the air inlets 33, 34, and the air inlet passages 9, 44, the pure air passes through the air filter 3 and the carburetor under the action of atmospheric pressure. The choke valve 5 of 4, the connecting piece 6, the air channel 10a above the throttle valve 7 and the upper floor of the intake pipe 10 enter into the piston air storage chamber 23,37 for pre-stored.
当活塞11依序继续上行至活塞全闭式通道进气端上沿40、41与空气进气口33、34结合后,此时预存在活塞空气存储室23、37的纯空气,和空气进气通道9、44内的纯空气,经活塞全闭式空气通道24、32一并被吸入到汽缸空气存储室22、30压缩储存。When the piston 11 continues to move upwards to the upper edges 40, 41 of the air intake end of the fully closed passageway of the piston and combines with the air inlets 33, 34, the pure air pre-existing in the piston air storage chambers 23, 37 will enter with the air. The pure air in the gas channel 9,44 is sucked into the cylinder air storage chamber 22,30 through the piston fully closed air channel 24,32 for compression storage.
当活塞11依序再继续上行,活塞下沿25打开混合气进气口35、混合气进气通道8结合后,可燃混合气体在大气压的作用下,通过空滤器3、化油器4的阻风门5、衔接片6、节气门7下面、进气管10下层的混合气通道10b被吸入到曲轴室15内。When the piston 11 continues to move up in sequence, the lower edge 25 of the piston opens the mixed gas inlet port 35, and after the mixed gas inlet channel 8 is combined, the combustible mixed gas passes through the resistance of the air filter 3 and the carburetor 4 under the action of atmospheric pressure. The gas mixture channel 10b below the damper 5, the connecting piece 6, the throttle valve 7, and the lower layer of the intake pipe 10 is sucked into the crank chamber 15.
当活塞11依序再继续上行至接近于上止点时,火花塞45发出电火花,点燃被压缩至燃烧室18的混合气,燃烧后的高温高压气体迫使活塞11向下下行,依次关闭混合气进气口35、空气进气口33、34,在此,吸入曲轴室15可燃的混合气体因活塞11向下下行而被预先压缩,曲轴室15内形成正压,曲轴室15内可燃混合气体被压缩进入汽缸混合气通道内26、29,储存在汽缸混合气存储室38、39内。When the piston 11 continues to move up to the top dead center in sequence, the spark plug 45 emits electric sparks to ignite the mixed gas compressed into the combustion chamber 18, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas after combustion forces the piston 11 to go down, closing the mixed gas in turn. Intake port 35, air intake port 33, 34, here, the combustible mixed gas inhaled into crank chamber 15 is pre-compressed due to the downward movement of piston 11, positive pressure is formed in crank chamber 15, and combustible mixed gas in crank chamber 15 It is compressed into the cylinder mixture passages 26, 29 and stored in the cylinder mixture storage chambers 38, 39.
当活塞11依序下行活塞上沿19打开排气口36,部份尾气经排气通道16流入消音器17内排出大气中,活塞11依序继续下行活塞上沿19打开空气扫气口21、31,此时,汽缸2内的汽缸空气存储室22、30预存的纯空气率先进入燃烧室18内先行清扫废气,紧接活塞上沿19打开混合气扫气口20,汽缸2内汽缸混合气存储室38、39 预存可燃混合气体进入燃烧室18再行扫气,由于在汽缸2两侧呈对称专属汽缸空气存储室22、30和专属汽缸混合气存储室38、39相互独立且均衡布置结构,避免纯空气和可燃混合气气体间相互参杂混合,可大大提高汽缸空气存储室22、30纯空气储存量,且在汽缸2两侧呈对称专属空气扫气口21、31和专属混合气扫气口20均衡布置结构,大大提高良好扫气效率,降低未经完全燃烧混合气随尾气排出的现象,从而有效降低尾气中HC、CO等有害化合物。When the piston 11 descends sequentially, the upper edge 19 of the piston opens the exhaust port 36, and part of the exhaust gas flows into the muffler 17 through the exhaust passage 16 and is discharged into the atmosphere, and the piston 11 continues to descend sequentially. The upper edge 19 of the piston opens the air scavenging ports 21, 31 , at this time, the pure air pre-stored in the cylinder air storage chambers 22 and 30 in the cylinder 2 first enters the combustion chamber 18 to clean the exhaust gas first, and then the upper edge 19 of the piston opens the mixed gas scavenging port 20, and the cylinder mixed gas storage room in the cylinder 2 38, 39 The pre-stored combustible mixed gas enters the combustion chamber 18 and then scavenges. Since the exclusive cylinder air storage chambers 22, 30 and the exclusive cylinder mixed gas storage chambers 38, 39 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cylinder 2, they are mutually independent and balanced to avoid The pure air and combustible mixed gas are mixed with each other, which can greatly increase the pure air storage capacity of the cylinder air storage chambers 22 and 30, and there are symmetrical dedicated air scavenging ports 21 and 31 and exclusive mixed gas scavenging ports 20 on both sides of the cylinder 2 The structure is arranged in a balanced manner, which greatly improves the good scavenging efficiency and reduces the phenomenon that the incompletely combusted mixed gas is discharged with the exhaust gas, thereby effectively reducing harmful compounds such as HC and CO in the exhaust gas.
如图11和12所示,对于排量低于50cc发动机而言,欧五排放法规要求HC+NOx比排放限值为:50g/kw.h,本发明实施例的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机结构,在最佳化设计点上,当空气扫气口开启时间比排气口开启时间在曲轴转角上晚α,α=6.9度;当混合气扫气口开启时间比空气扫气口开启时间在曲轴转角上晚β,β=10.3度;当两侧汽缸空气存储室总容积在:2.15cc,最佳化排放值HC+NOx:37~42g/kw.h,低于欧五排放法的规定。As shown in Figures 11 and 12, for an engine with a displacement of less than 50cc, the Euro 5 emission regulations require a HC+NOx ratio emission limit of 50g/kw.h. Stroke engine structure, at the optimal design point, when the opening time of the air scavenging port is α later than the opening time of the exhaust port in the crank angle, α=6.9 degrees; when the opening time of the air scavenging port is 1 The crankshaft angle is higher than β, β=10.3 degrees; when the total volume of the air storage chambers on both sides of the cylinder is: 2.15cc, the optimal emission value HC+NOx: 37~42g/kw.h, lower than the provisions of the Euro V emission law .
现有的分层扫气二冲程发动机的使用原理是,在扫气通道内预存空气,而在扫气通道内,从上而下分成:空气,空气和混合气的混合气体,混合气,在计算非常完美的时候,扫气时,是将扫气道内的空气先扫进燃烧室,然后再进入空气和混合气的混合气体,但在实际应用中,计算不能做到非常的精确,无法达到这种理想状态。并且,由于排气口的负压大,当未经燃烧的混合气经过扫气口进入燃烧室时,由于排气口负压大的原因,未经燃烧的混合气在负压的作用下,还未达到燃烧室的底部,即被排出排气口,从而造成环境污染。而本发明实施例的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机,在运行时,先将空气存储室预存的纯空气先键入燃烧室内,带活塞上沿打开混合气扫气口时,排气口的负压已降低,此时混合气进入燃烧室,这样可以有效避免混合气还未经充分燃烧就被排出。The use principle of the existing stratified scavenging two-stroke engine is that air is pre-stored in the scavenging channel, and in the scavenging channel, it is divided from top to bottom: air, mixed gas of air and mixed gas, mixed gas, in When the calculation is perfect, when scavenging, the air in the scavenging channel is swept into the combustion chamber first, and then enters the mixture of air and mixed gas. However, in practical applications, the calculation cannot be very accurate and cannot be achieved. This ideal state. Moreover, due to the large negative pressure at the exhaust port, when the unburned mixture enters the combustion chamber through the scavenging port, due to the large negative pressure at the exhaust port, the unburned mixture will still If it does not reach the bottom of the combustion chamber, it will be discharged out of the exhaust port, causing environmental pollution. And a kind of layered scavenging two-stroke engine of the embodiment of the present invention, when running, the pure air prestored in the air storage chamber is first input into the combustion chamber, and when the upper edge of the piston is opened the mixed gas scavenging port, the load of the exhaust port At this time, the mixed gas enters the combustion chamber, which can effectively prevent the mixed gas from being discharged without fully burning.
因此,本发明实施例的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机,在汽缸缸体内有专属纯空气存储室和专属混合气存储室,隔绝纯空气和可燃混合气气体间相互参杂混合,纯空气经由活塞的空气存储室、活塞的全封闭空气通道连通,提高了在汽缸内汽缸空气存储室纯空气储存量,且汽缸缸体内有专属空气扫气口和专属混合气扫气口,扫气时达到分层大量纯空气先行清扫,然后混合气再进行清扫,大大提高了扫气质量、扫气效率、扫气利用率,降低可燃混合气随尾气排出的现象,从而大大降低尾气中HC、CO等有害化合物。Therefore, a kind of stratified scavenging two-stroke engine of the embodiment of the present invention has exclusive pure air storage room and exclusive mixed gas storage room in the cylinder body, isolates pure air and combustible mixed gas intermingled with each other, pure The air is communicated through the air storage chamber of the piston and the fully enclosed air passage of the piston, which increases the pure air storage capacity in the cylinder air storage chamber in the cylinder, and there are exclusive air scavenging ports and exclusive mixed air scavenging ports in the cylinder body. To achieve stratification, a large amount of pure air is cleaned first, and then the mixed gas is cleaned, which greatly improves the scavenging quality, scavenging efficiency, and scavenging utilization rate, and reduces the phenomenon that combustible mixed gas is discharged with the exhaust gas, thereby greatly reducing HC and CO in the exhaust gas. and other harmful compounds.
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解,本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此,凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案,皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。The preferred specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes according to the concept of the present invention without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
- 一种分层扫气二冲程发动机,包括空滤器、化油器、消音器、进气管、汽缸、活塞、曲柄轴和曲轴箱,所述活塞设置在所述汽缸内,且所述活塞与所述汽缸的缸壁形成一个燃烧室;所述曲柄轴与所述曲轴箱设置在所述汽缸和所述活塞的下沿,所述曲柄轴通过曲柄轴连杆与所述活塞连接;所述进气管与所述汽缸的进气通道连通,所述消音器与所述汽缸的排气通道连接,所述空滤器与所述进气管远离所述汽缸的一端连接;A stratified scavenging two-stroke engine comprises an air filter, a carburetor, a muffler, an intake pipe, a cylinder, a piston, a crankshaft and a crankcase, the piston is arranged in the cylinder, and the piston and the The cylinder wall of the cylinder forms a combustion chamber; the crankshaft and the crankcase are arranged on the lower edge of the cylinder and the piston, and the crankshaft is connected with the piston through a crankshaft connecting rod; The air pipe is in communication with the intake passage of the cylinder, the muffler is connected with the exhaust passage of the cylinder, and the air filter is connected with the end of the intake pipe away from the cylinder;其特征在于,所述汽缸设置有独立的汽缸空气存储室和汽缸混合气体存储室,所述汽缸空气存储室和所述汽缸混合气体存储室设置为相互独立且完全分开;活塞设置有全闭式空气通道。It is characterized in that the cylinder is provided with an independent cylinder air storage chamber and a cylinder mixed gas storage chamber, and the cylinder air storage chamber and the cylinder mixed gas storage chamber are set to be independent and completely separated from each other; the piston is provided with a fully closed air channel.
- 如权利要求1所述的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机,其特征在于,所述汽缸包括汽缸空气存储室和汽缸混合气存储室,所述汽缸空气存储室设置在所述汽缸混合气存储室的上方,所述汽缸空气存储室通过空气扫气口与所述汽缸内部相连通;A stratified scavenging two-stroke engine according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder comprises a cylinder air storage chamber and a cylinder mixture storage chamber, and the cylinder air storage chamber is arranged in the cylinder mixture storage chamber. Above the chamber, the cylinder air storage chamber communicates with the interior of the cylinder through the air scavenging port;所述汽缸混合气存储室通过混合气扫气口与所述汽缸内部相连通,所述汽缸混合气存储室的下缘与混合气扫气通道相连通。The cylinder mixed gas storage chamber communicates with the inside of the cylinder through the mixed gas scavenging port, and the lower edge of the cylinder mixed gas storage chamber communicates with the mixed gas scavenging channel.
- 如权利要求2所述的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机,其特征在于,所述汽缸空气存储室包括至少2个,所述汽缸空气存储室设置于所述汽缸的侧边,且均衡对称布置;A stratified scavenging two-stroke engine according to claim 2, wherein the cylinder air storage chamber comprises at least two, and the cylinder air storage chamber is arranged on the side of the cylinder, and is balanced and symmetrical arrangement;所述汽缸混合气存储室包括至少2个,所述汽缸混合气存储室设置于所述汽缸的侧边,且均衡对称布置。The cylinder mixture storage chamber includes at least two, and the cylinder mixture storage chamber is arranged on the side of the cylinder, and arranged symmetrically.
- 如权利要求1所述的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机,其特征在于,所述活塞的外缘设置有全闭式空气通道和活塞空气存储室,所述活塞空气存储室位于所述全闭式空气通道的上部;所述全闭式空气通道位于所述活塞裙部进气侧。A kind of stratified scavenging two-stroke engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the outer edge of described piston is provided with fully closed air channel and piston air storage room, and described piston air storage room is located at the The upper part of the closed air channel; the fully closed air channel is located on the intake side of the piston skirt.
- 如权利要求4所述的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机,其特征在于,所述全闭式空气通道设置为由一侧隧道口以最短不规则通道,相接连通到另一侧隧道口。A kind of stratified scavenging two-stroke engine as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, said fully closed air channel is arranged to connect to the other side tunnel mouth with the shortest irregular channel from one side tunnel mouth .
- 如权利要求4所述的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机,其特征在于,所述活塞空气存储室和所述全闭式空气通道包括至少2个,且均衡对称布置。The stratified-scavenging two-stroke engine according to claim 4, wherein the piston air storage chamber and the fully-closed air passage comprise at least two, and are arranged in a balanced and symmetrical manner.
- 如权利要求6所述的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机,其特征在于,所述活塞空气存储室和所述全闭式空气通道的个数与所述汽缸的所述空气存储室和所述混合气存储室的个数相同;所述活塞空气存储室设置在所述进气通道的同侧,所述活塞空气存储室与所述汽缸的空气存储室呈垂直平分线夹角关系。A stratified scavenging two-stroke engine according to claim 6, wherein the number of the piston air storage chamber and the fully closed air passage is the same as the number of the air storage chamber and the number of the cylinder The number of the mixed gas storage chambers is the same; the piston air storage chamber is arranged on the same side of the intake passage, and the piston air storage chamber and the air storage chamber of the cylinder form an angle relationship between a vertical bisector.
- 如权利要求1所述的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机,其特征在于,还包括扫气盖,所述扫气盖一面呈光滑弧形面且有分层筋条结构形成,与汽缸缸体配合形成完整的汽缸空气存储室、及汽缸混合气存储室。A kind of stratified air-scavenging two-stroke engine as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises air-scavenging cover, and one side of described air-scavenging cover is smooth arc-shaped surface and has layered rib structure to form, and cylinder cylinder The body cooperates to form a complete cylinder air storage chamber and a cylinder mixed gas storage chamber.
- 如权利要求1所述的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机,其特征在于,所述进气管包括上层空气通道和下层混合气通道,所述上层空气通道的中间设置有多层分流隔板, 所述下层混合气通道的中间设置有多层分流隔板。A kind of stratified scavenging two-stroke engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described intake pipe comprises upper layer air passage and lower layer mixed gas passage, and the middle of described upper layer air passage is provided with multi-layer dividing plate, A multi-layer splitter is arranged in the middle of the mixed gas channel in the lower layer.
- 如权利要求9所述的一种分层扫气二冲程发动机,其特征在于,所述汽缸的进气通道包括汽缸空气通道和汽缸混合气通道,所述汽缸空气通道设置在所述汽缸混合气通道的上方;所述进气管的上层空气通道与所述汽缸空气通道连通,所述进气管的下层混合气通道与所述汽缸混合气通道连通。A kind of stratified scavenging two-stroke engine as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, the intake passage of described cylinder comprises cylinder air passage and cylinder mixed gas passage, and described cylinder air passage is arranged in the cylinder mixed gas passage. Above the passage; the upper layer air passage of the intake pipe communicates with the cylinder air passage, and the lower mixture gas passage of the intake pipe communicates with the cylinder mixture passage.
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