WO2022234177A1 - Fuel storage and supply system for marine vessel - Google Patents

Fuel storage and supply system for marine vessel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022234177A1
WO2022234177A1 PCT/FI2021/050341 FI2021050341W WO2022234177A1 WO 2022234177 A1 WO2022234177 A1 WO 2022234177A1 FI 2021050341 W FI2021050341 W FI 2021050341W WO 2022234177 A1 WO2022234177 A1 WO 2022234177A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
tank
supply system
moveable
gaseous
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2021/050341
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mathias Jansson
Jonatan BYGGMÄSTAR
Rasmus NYBO
Tomi PRITTINEN
Piero ZOGLIA
Original Assignee
Wärtsilä Finland Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wärtsilä Finland Oy filed Critical Wärtsilä Finland Oy
Priority to PCT/FI2021/050341 priority Critical patent/WO2022234177A1/en
Publication of WO2022234177A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022234177A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0221—Fuel storage reservoirs, e.g. cryogenic tanks
    • F02M21/0224—Secondary gaseous fuel storages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B17/00—Vessels parts, details, or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B17/0027—Tanks for fuel or the like ; Accessories therefor, e.g. tank filler caps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F02D19/0644—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F02D19/0647—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], liquefied natural gas [LNG], compressed natural gas [CNG] or dimethyl ether [DME]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0665—Tanks, e.g. multiple tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0221—Fuel storage reservoirs, e.g. cryogenic tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/002—Storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0128—Shape spherical or elliptical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0152—Lobes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0157—Details of mounting arrangements for transport
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel storage and supply system for a marine vessel in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also concerns a moveable fuel tank and a marine vessel.
  • Natural gas can be stored either as compressed gas (CNG) or liquefied gas (LNG). Regardless of whether the natural gas is stored as CNG or LNG, it is typically injected into an engine in gas phase. In marine vessels, where large amount of fuel needs to be stored, LNG is typically preferred due to its greater volumetric energy density. LNG needs to be stored at a temperature of approx imately -162 °C. Storing and bunkering of LNG therefore requires sophisticated equipment, and consequently LNG is not available everywhere. Also, the bun- kering operation of LNG typically takes a long time.
  • EP 2555967 B1 discloses a solution to the slow bunkering operation.
  • a marine vessel is provided with a fixed LNG storage tank and a remove able LNG storage tank.
  • An empty removeable LNG storage tank can be replaced at a bunkering facility with a full tank, and LNG can be transferred from the re- moveable tank to the fixed tank at sea.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved fuel storage and supply system for a marine vessel, which marine vessel comprises at least one combustion device that is configured to be operable using a first gaseous fuel and additionally using at least a second gaseous fuel and/or a mixture of the first gaseous fuel and the second gaseous fuel.
  • the characterizing features of the system according to the invention are given in the characterizing part of claim 1 .
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved fuel tank for a fuel storage and supply system of a marine vessel.
  • Still another object of the inven tion is to provide an improved marine vessel.
  • the fuel storage and supply system comprises a fixed fuel tank arranged onboard the vessel for storing the first gaseous fuel, and a fuel supply line arranged onboard the vessel for supplying fuel from the fixed fuel tank to the at least one combustion device.
  • the system further comprises onboard the vessel a tank receiving space that is configured to receive a move- able fuel tank storing the second gaseous fuel, and connection means for con necting the moveable fuel tank to the combustion device.
  • the system according to the invention allows a combustion device of the vessel to be operated on different gaseous fuels for example depending on the availa bility and price of the fuel or depending on environmental regulations in the area where the vessel is operated.
  • the moveable fuel tank can be easily replaced with a corresponding full fuel tank or with a fuel tank filled with different fuel.
  • connection means are config ured to allow mixing of the second gaseous fuel with the first gaseous fuel.
  • Some gaseous fuels may not be suitable for stand-alone use and should therefore be mixed with another fuel.
  • connection means are config ured to allow supply of the second gaseous fuel to the combustion device with out mixing with the first gaseous fuel.
  • the second fuel could thus be used as a stand-alone fuel.
  • the tank receiving space is con figured to receive a tank lifted to the tank receiving space.
  • the tank receiving space can thus be arranged on an open deck or otherwise in a place, into which the tank can be lifted by means of a crane.
  • the tank receiving space is con figured to receive a tank moved to the vessel along a loading ramp.
  • the tank receiving space could thus be arranged on a car deck or other place accessible by a vehicle.
  • the tank could be moved by means of a forklift or a vehicle suitable for pushing or pulling the tank, or the tank could be arranged on a self-propelled platform.
  • the first gaseous fuel is LNG.
  • the second gaseous fuel is hydro gen or ammonia. Hydrogen could be either compressed or liquefied. Ammonia is preferably liquefied.
  • the tank receiving space is con figured to receive a moveable fuel tank storing a third gaseous fuel and the con- nection means are configured to connect the moveable fuel tank containing the third gaseous fuel to the combustion device.
  • the combustion device is an inter nal combustion engine.
  • a moveable fuel tank according to the invention for a fuel storage and supply system defined above is configured to be positioned into the tank receiving space and to be connected to the connection means.
  • the moveable fuel tank is provided with an integrated gas-tight tank connection space, which is provided with at least one valve for controlling outflow from the tank.
  • the tank connection space is pro vided with at least one pump or evaporator.
  • the moveable fuel tank is config ured to be driven autonomously or remote-controlled.
  • a marine vessel according to the invention comprises a fuel storage and supply system defined above.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a marine vessel comprising a fuel storage and supply system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a marine vessel 1 comprising a fuel storage and supply system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the marine vessel 1 can be, for instance, a cruise ship, ferry, tug, container ship, bulk carrier, tanker or some other type of cargo ship.
  • the marine vessel 1 comprises at least one combustion device 2 that is config ured to be operable using at least two different gaseous fuels.
  • the combustion device 2 can be operated using a first gaseous fuel.
  • the combustion device 2 can be further operated using at least a second gaseous fuel and/or a mixture of the first gaseous fuel and the second gaseous fuel.
  • gaseous fuel refers here to a fuel that is in gas phase at a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 1 atm (101.325 kPa).
  • the combustion device 2 is preferably an internal combustion engine.
  • the inter nal combustion engine 2 may be, for instance, a piston engine or a gas turbine. In case of a piston engine, the engine 2 can be a four-stroke engine or a two- stroke engine.
  • the engine 2 can be a main engine of the vessel 1 , i.e. an engine forming part of a propulsion system of the vessel 1 .
  • the engine 2 could be con nected mechanically, hydraulically or electrically to a propeller or other propul sion device.
  • the engine 2 could also be an auxiliary engine, i.e. an engine driv ing a generator for producing electricity for electrical systems of the vessel 1 .
  • the engine 2 can be operable using a third gaseous fuel or even further gaseous fuels.
  • the engine 2 can be operated using the third or further gaseous fuel alone or mixed with the first gaseous fuel.
  • the engine 2 could also be operable using a liquid fuel or two or more different types of liquid fuel.
  • liquid fuel refers here to a fuel that is in liquid phase at a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 1 atm (101.325 kPa). Examples of liquid fuels are light fuel oil, marine diesel oil and heavy fuel oil.
  • the engine 2 could thus be operated in a gaseous fuel mode, in which mode one of the gaseous fuels or a mixture of two gaseous fuels is used, or in a liquid fuel mode, in which mode a liquid fuel is used.
  • the engine 2 can consume small amounts of liquid fuel.
  • the engine in case of a piston engine, the engine can use liquid pilot fuel for igniting the gaseous fuel, which is used as a main fuel.
  • An expression like “operated using a first gaseous fuel” does thus not neces sarily mean that the engine 2 is operated using solely the gaseous fuel.
  • combustion of the gaseous fuel forms major part of the heat release of the engine 2.
  • a liquid pilot fuel is used in a piston engine, the combustion of the liquid pilot fuel can form less than 5 percent of the total heat release of the engine 2.
  • the vessel 1 can comprise several engines that can be operated using the first gaseous fuel and the second gaseous fuel and possible further gaseous fuels.
  • the vessel 1 can comprise a main engine and one or more auxiliary engines that can be operated using at least the first gaseous fuel and the second gaseous fuel.
  • the vessel 1 could comprise two or more auxiliary engines that can be operated using at least the first gaseous fuel and the second gaseous fuel.
  • the vessel 1 can further comprise one or more engines that can be operated using a fuel other than the first gaseous fuel and the second gase ous fuel.
  • the vessel 1 could thus comprise for instance an engine that can be operated only using liquid fuel.
  • the vessel 1 comprises one or more engines that can be operated using a liquid fuel either solely or in connection with the use of a gaseous fuel
  • the vessel 1 can be provided with one or more liquid fuel tanks for storing liquid fuel.
  • the fuel storage and supply system of the vessel 1 comprises a fuel tank 3 for storing the first gaseous fuel.
  • the fuel tank 3 is a fixed fuel tank. It is thus not intended to be removed from the vessel 1 during operation of the vessel 1 .
  • the gaseous fuel may be stored either as a compressed gas or liquefied gas.
  • Compressed gas is stored at a pressure and temperature where the fuel is in gas phase.
  • Liquefied gas is stored at a pressure and temperature where the fuel is mainly in liquid phase.
  • the first gaseous fuel may be natural gas.
  • the first gaseous fuel can thus be either liquefied natural gas (LNG) or compressed natural gas (CNG).
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • CNG compressed natural gas
  • the main component of natural gas is methane.
  • Natural gas can also comprise ethane, propane and butane, as well as water and carbon dioxide. To produce liquefied natural gas, water, carbon dioxide, heavy hydrocarbons and also some other components are removed from the gas, although small amounts of impurities may be left even after removal of the undesirable components.
  • the boiling point of liquefied natural gas depends on its composition, but typi cally natural gas is cooled to approximately -162 °C for liquefaction and stored at a pressure that is close to atmospheric pressure, for instance below 250 kPa of absolute pressure.
  • the fuel tank 3 can thus be configured to store the first gaseous fuel at a temperature of approximately -162 °C.
  • the space holding the LNG is formed by a shell that is made of a cold resistant material.
  • the expres sion “cold resistant material” refers to a material that can withstand the temper ature of liquefied natural gas with a certain safety margin.
  • the material can be, for instance, stainless steel.
  • An insulation layer is arranged around the shell.
  • the insulation layer can be made of, for instance, polyurethane.
  • the fuel tank 3 is located in a tank hold.
  • the fuel tank 3 can be constructed as a cylindrical or spherical container. Alter natively, the fuel tank 3 could be constructed as a bilobe or multilobe tank.
  • a bilobe tank comprises two mating curved halves, for instance two spherical caps or two cylindrical segments.
  • a multilobe tank comprises at least three curved sections that are joined to each other. The sections can be partial cylinders or spheres.
  • the first gaseous fuel could also be biogas, which is stored in the fixed fuel tank 3 either as compressed gas or liquefied gas.
  • biogas refers here to gas having a similar composition as liquefied natural gas but not being from fossil sources.
  • the biogas is thus gas of which main component is methane and which originates from a renewable source.
  • the biogas could be produced, for instance, from organic waste.
  • the fuel storage and supply system comprises a fuel supply line 5.
  • the fuel supply line 5 connects the fixed fuel tank 3 to the engine 2.
  • the fuel storage and supply system further comprises a tank receiving space 4.
  • the tank receiving space 4 is configured to receive a moveable fuel tank 6 storing the second gaseous fuel.
  • the system further comprises connection means 7 for connecting the moveable fuel tank 6 to the engine 2.
  • the expression “moveable fuel tank” refers here to a fuel tank, which can be removed from the vessel 1 or brought into the vessel 1 at a harbor. The moveable fuel tank 6 could thus be replaced with another moveable fuel tank 6 for instance during loading or unloading of cargo.
  • the moveable tank 6 could be arranged inside a con tainer, such as a standardized intermodal container. Alternatively, the moveable tank 6 could be arranged within a frame corresponding the size of an intermodal container. However, the moveable tank 6 could also be dimensioned differently.
  • connection means 7 can be configured to allow mixing of the second gase ous fuel with the first gaseous fuel.
  • connection means can be configured to allow supply of the second gaseous fuel to the en gine 2 without mixing with the first gaseous fuel.
  • the second gaseous fuel could be used for fueling the engine 2 either alone or in a mixture comprising the first gaseous fuel and the second gaseous fuel.
  • connection means 7 can comprise a separate fuel supply line for the second gaseous fuel.
  • connection means 7 can comprise means for connecting the moveable fuel tank 6 to the fuel supply line 5 between the fixed fuel tank 3 and the engine 2.
  • the second gaseous fuel could be, for instance, ammonia (NH3).
  • Ammonia could be stored in the moveable fuel tank 6 as liquefied gas.
  • the boiling point of ammonia at atmospheric pressure is approximately -33.3 °C.
  • Ammonia could thus be stored at a temperature of approximately -34 °C or below to keep it in liquid phase at a pressure that is close to atmospheric pressure.
  • a pressure of 10 bar is needed for keeping ammonia liquid at a temperature of 25 °C.
  • Ammo nia could thus be stored as liquid even without regulating the temperature.
  • ammonia could be used as a fuel in the engine 2 without mixing it with the first gaseous fuel.
  • the second gaseous fuel could also be, for instance, hydrogen.
  • the hydrogen could be compressed or liquefied hydrogen.
  • the boiling point of hydrogen at atmospheric pressure is approximately -253 °C and the critical temperature is approximately -240 °C.
  • the fuel storage and supply system should thus be provided with means for keeping the hydrogen in the moveable fuel tank 6 at a sufficiently low temperature.
  • the moveable fuel tank 6 can be configured to be brought into the vessel 1 in different ways.
  • the tank receiving space 4 can be arranged on an open deck of the vessel 1 or below an openable hatch.
  • the moveable tank 6 can be lifted to tank receiving space 4 by means of a crane.
  • the tank receiving space 4 can be arranged at a position allowing mov ing the moveable fuel tank 6 to the vessel 1 along a loading ramp.
  • the tank receiving space 4 could thus be located, for instance, on a car deck in a ferry.
  • the moveable fuel tank 6 could be brought into the vessel 1 for instance by means of a forklift.
  • the moveable fuel tank 6 could also be arranged on a plat form provided with wheels.
  • the moveable tank 6 could thus be pushed or pulled into the vessel 1 using a suitable vehicle.
  • the moveable fuel tank 6 could also be self-propelled.
  • the moveable fuel tank 6 could be configured to drive to the tank receiving space 4 autonomously or it could be remote-controlled.
  • a tank connection space is a gas- tight space accommodating tank connections and valves associated with them.
  • the purpose of the tank connection space is to prevent the gas that may leak from the tank connections or the valves to enter a tank hold, in which the tank is located.
  • pumps and/or evaporators may be needed, de pending on the type of fuel used.
  • the tank connection space can also accom modate one or more pumps and one or more evaporators.
  • the fuel storage and supply system is provided with a tank connection space 3a arranged in connection with the fixed fuel tank 3.
  • the tank connection space 3a can be arranged apart from the fixed fuel tank 3. In that case, the tank connection space 3a needs to be connected to the fuel tank with double wall pipes.
  • the tank connection space 3a could be divided from the fixed fuel tank 3 by a gas-tight partition wall.
  • the tank con nection space 3a could thus be partly delimited by the shell of the fixed fuel tank 3.
  • the moveable fuel tank 6 is provided with an integrated gas-tight tank connec tion space 6a, which is provided with at least one valve for controlling outflow from the tank 6.
  • the tank connection space 6a of the moveable fuel tank 6 may be provided with at least one pump or evaporator. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but may vary within the scope of the ap pended claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The fuel storage and supply system for a marine vessel (1) comprising a combustion device (2) operable using a first gaseous fuel and additionally using at least a second gaseous fuel and/or a mixture of the first gaseous fuel and the second gaseous fuel comprises a fixed fuel tank (3) arranged onboard the vessel (1) for storing the first gaseous fuel, a fuel supply line (5) arranged onboard the vessel (1) for supplying fuel from the fixed fuel tank (3) to the at least one combustion device (2), and a tank receiving space (4) that is configured to receive a moveable fuel tank (6) storing the second gaseous fuel, and connection means (7) for connecting the moveable fuel tank (6) to the combustion device (2).

Description

Fuel storage and supply system for marine vessel Technical field of the invention
The present invention relates to a fuel storage and supply system for a marine vessel in accordance with the preamble of claim 1. The invention also concerns a moveable fuel tank and a marine vessel.
Background of the invention
Many marine vessels can be operated using natural gas as fuel. By using natural gas, lower carbon dioxide emissions can be achieved than with liquid fuels typ ically used in vessels, such as heavy fuel oil and light fuel. Also, the sulfur emis- sions of natural gas are low and sulfur dioxide scrubbers are therefore not needed. Often the engines that are operable on gaseous fuel are so called dual fuel engines, which can be operated using either gaseous fuel or liquid fuel.
Natural gas can be stored either as compressed gas (CNG) or liquefied gas (LNG). Regardless of whether the natural gas is stored as CNG or LNG, it is typically injected into an engine in gas phase. In marine vessels, where large amount of fuel needs to be stored, LNG is typically preferred due to its greater volumetric energy density. LNG needs to be stored at a temperature of approx imately -162 °C. Storing and bunkering of LNG therefore requires sophisticated equipment, and consequently LNG is not available everywhere. Also, the bun- kering operation of LNG typically takes a long time. EP 2555967 B1 discloses a solution to the slow bunkering operation. In the solution of the above-mentioned patent, a marine vessel is provided with a fixed LNG storage tank and a remove able LNG storage tank. An empty removeable LNG storage tank can be replaced at a bunkering facility with a full tank, and LNG can be transferred from the re- moveable tank to the fixed tank at sea.
Although the use of the LNG in marine vessels provides several benefits, there is still a need for increased flexibility in the usage of different fuels.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved fuel storage and supply system for a marine vessel, which marine vessel comprises at least one combustion device that is configured to be operable using a first gaseous fuel and additionally using at least a second gaseous fuel and/or a mixture of the first gaseous fuel and the second gaseous fuel. The characterizing features of the system according to the invention are given in the characterizing part of claim 1 . Another object of the invention is to provide an improved fuel tank for a fuel storage and supply system of a marine vessel. Still another object of the inven tion is to provide an improved marine vessel.
The fuel storage and supply system according to the invention comprises a fixed fuel tank arranged onboard the vessel for storing the first gaseous fuel, and a fuel supply line arranged onboard the vessel for supplying fuel from the fixed fuel tank to the at least one combustion device. The system further comprises onboard the vessel a tank receiving space that is configured to receive a move- able fuel tank storing the second gaseous fuel, and connection means for con necting the moveable fuel tank to the combustion device.
The system according to the invention allows a combustion device of the vessel to be operated on different gaseous fuels for example depending on the availa bility and price of the fuel or depending on environmental regulations in the area where the vessel is operated. The moveable fuel tank can be easily replaced with a corresponding full fuel tank or with a fuel tank filled with different fuel.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the connection means are config ured to allow mixing of the second gaseous fuel with the first gaseous fuel. Some gaseous fuels may not be suitable for stand-alone use and should therefore be mixed with another fuel.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the connection means are config ured to allow supply of the second gaseous fuel to the combustion device with out mixing with the first gaseous fuel. The second fuel could thus be used as a stand-alone fuel.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the tank receiving space is con figured to receive a tank lifted to the tank receiving space. The tank receiving space can thus be arranged on an open deck or otherwise in a place, into which the tank can be lifted by means of a crane.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the tank receiving space is con figured to receive a tank moved to the vessel along a loading ramp. The tank receiving space could thus be arranged on a car deck or other place accessible by a vehicle. The tank could be moved by means of a forklift or a vehicle suitable for pushing or pulling the tank, or the tank could be arranged on a self-propelled platform.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the first gaseous fuel is LNG. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second gaseous fuel is hydro gen or ammonia. Hydrogen could be either compressed or liquefied. Ammonia is preferably liquefied.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the tank receiving space is con figured to receive a moveable fuel tank storing a third gaseous fuel and the con- nection means are configured to connect the moveable fuel tank containing the third gaseous fuel to the combustion device.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the combustion device is an inter nal combustion engine.
A moveable fuel tank according to the invention for a fuel storage and supply system defined above is configured to be positioned into the tank receiving space and to be connected to the connection means.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the moveable fuel tank is provided with an integrated gas-tight tank connection space, which is provided with at least one valve for controlling outflow from the tank. According to an embodiment of the invention, the tank connection space is pro vided with at least one pump or evaporator.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the moveable fuel tank is config ured to be driven autonomously or remote-controlled.
A marine vessel according to the invention comprises a fuel storage and supply system defined above.
Brief description of the drawings
Embodiments of the invention are described below in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows schematically a marine vessel comprising a fuel storage and supply system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of embodiments of the invention
Figure 1 shows schematically a marine vessel 1 comprising a fuel storage and supply system according to an embodiment of the invention. The marine vessel 1 can be, for instance, a cruise ship, ferry, tug, container ship, bulk carrier, tanker or some other type of cargo ship.
The marine vessel 1 comprises at least one combustion device 2 that is config ured to be operable using at least two different gaseous fuels. The combustion device 2 can be operated using a first gaseous fuel. The combustion device 2 can be further operated using at least a second gaseous fuel and/or a mixture of the first gaseous fuel and the second gaseous fuel. The term “gaseous fuel” refers here to a fuel that is in gas phase at a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 1 atm (101.325 kPa).
The combustion device 2 is preferably an internal combustion engine. The inter nal combustion engine 2 may be, for instance, a piston engine or a gas turbine. In case of a piston engine, the engine 2 can be a four-stroke engine or a two- stroke engine. The engine 2 can be a main engine of the vessel 1 , i.e. an engine forming part of a propulsion system of the vessel 1 . The engine 2 could be con nected mechanically, hydraulically or electrically to a propeller or other propul sion device. The engine 2 could also be an auxiliary engine, i.e. an engine driv ing a generator for producing electricity for electrical systems of the vessel 1 .
In addition of being operable using the first and the second gaseous fuel, the engine 2 can be operable using a third gaseous fuel or even further gaseous fuels. The engine 2 can be operated using the third or further gaseous fuel alone or mixed with the first gaseous fuel.
In addition of being operable using the two or more different gaseous fuels, the engine 2 could also be operable using a liquid fuel or two or more different types of liquid fuel. The term “liquid fuel” refers here to a fuel that is in liquid phase at a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 1 atm (101.325 kPa). Examples of liquid fuels are light fuel oil, marine diesel oil and heavy fuel oil. The engine 2 could thus be operated in a gaseous fuel mode, in which mode one of the gaseous fuels or a mixture of two gaseous fuels is used, or in a liquid fuel mode, in which mode a liquid fuel is used.
Even when the engine 2 is operated using a gaseous fuel, it can consume small amounts of liquid fuel. For instance, in case of a piston engine, the engine can use liquid pilot fuel for igniting the gaseous fuel, which is used as a main fuel. An expression like “operated using a first gaseous fuel” does thus not neces sarily mean that the engine 2 is operated using solely the gaseous fuel. How ever, when the engine 2 is operated using a gaseous fuel, combustion of the gaseous fuel forms major part of the heat release of the engine 2. For instance, in case a liquid pilot fuel is used in a piston engine, the combustion of the liquid pilot fuel can form less than 5 percent of the total heat release of the engine 2.
The vessel 1 can comprise several engines that can be operated using the first gaseous fuel and the second gaseous fuel and possible further gaseous fuels. For instance, the vessel 1 can comprise a main engine and one or more auxiliary engines that can be operated using at least the first gaseous fuel and the second gaseous fuel. Alternatively, the vessel 1 could comprise two or more auxiliary engines that can be operated using at least the first gaseous fuel and the second gaseous fuel. The vessel 1 can further comprise one or more engines that can be operated using a fuel other than the first gaseous fuel and the second gase ous fuel. The vessel 1 could thus comprise for instance an engine that can be operated only using liquid fuel.
In case the vessel 1 comprises one or more engines that can be operated using a liquid fuel either solely or in connection with the use of a gaseous fuel, the vessel 1 can be provided with one or more liquid fuel tanks for storing liquid fuel.
The fuel storage and supply system of the vessel 1 comprises a fuel tank 3 for storing the first gaseous fuel. The fuel tank 3 is a fixed fuel tank. It is thus not intended to be removed from the vessel 1 during operation of the vessel 1 .
The gaseous fuel may be stored either as a compressed gas or liquefied gas. Compressed gas is stored at a pressure and temperature where the fuel is in gas phase. Liquefied gas is stored at a pressure and temperature where the fuel is mainly in liquid phase. However, even in case of liquefied gas, a minor part of the fuel is in gas phase. The first gaseous fuel may be natural gas. The first gaseous fuel can thus be either liquefied natural gas (LNG) or compressed natural gas (CNG). The main component of natural gas is methane. Natural gas can also comprise ethane, propane and butane, as well as water and carbon dioxide. To produce liquefied natural gas, water, carbon dioxide, heavy hydrocarbons and also some other components are removed from the gas, although small amounts of impurities may be left even after removal of the undesirable components.
The boiling point of liquefied natural gas depends on its composition, but typi cally natural gas is cooled to approximately -162 °C for liquefaction and stored at a pressure that is close to atmospheric pressure, for instance below 250 kPa of absolute pressure. The fuel tank 3 can thus be configured to store the first gaseous fuel at a temperature of approximately -162 °C. The space holding the LNG is formed by a shell that is made of a cold resistant material. The expres sion “cold resistant material” refers to a material that can withstand the temper ature of liquefied natural gas with a certain safety margin. The material can be, for instance, stainless steel. An insulation layer is arranged around the shell. The insulation layer can be made of, for instance, polyurethane. The fuel tank 3 is located in a tank hold.
The fuel tank 3 can be constructed as a cylindrical or spherical container. Alter natively, the fuel tank 3 could be constructed as a bilobe or multilobe tank. A bilobe tank comprises two mating curved halves, for instance two spherical caps or two cylindrical segments. A multilobe tank comprises at least three curved sections that are joined to each other. The sections can be partial cylinders or spheres.
The first gaseous fuel could also be biogas, which is stored in the fixed fuel tank 3 either as compressed gas or liquefied gas. The term “biogas” refers here to gas having a similar composition as liquefied natural gas but not being from fossil sources. The biogas is thus gas of which main component is methane and which originates from a renewable source. The biogas could be produced, for instance, from organic waste.
The fuel storage and supply system comprises a fuel supply line 5. The fuel supply line 5 connects the fixed fuel tank 3 to the engine 2.
The fuel storage and supply system further comprises a tank receiving space 4. The tank receiving space 4 is configured to receive a moveable fuel tank 6 storing the second gaseous fuel. The system further comprises connection means 7 for connecting the moveable fuel tank 6 to the engine 2. The expression “moveable fuel tank” refers here to a fuel tank, which can be removed from the vessel 1 or brought into the vessel 1 at a harbor. The moveable fuel tank 6 could thus be replaced with another moveable fuel tank 6 for instance during loading or unloading of cargo. The moveable tank 6 could be arranged inside a con tainer, such as a standardized intermodal container. Alternatively, the moveable tank 6 could be arranged within a frame corresponding the size of an intermodal container. However, the moveable tank 6 could also be dimensioned differently.
The connection means 7 can be configured to allow mixing of the second gase ous fuel with the first gaseous fuel. Alternatively, or in addition, the connection means can be configured to allow supply of the second gaseous fuel to the en gine 2 without mixing with the first gaseous fuel. Depending on the types and availability of the first and second gaseous fuels, the second gaseous fuel could be used for fueling the engine 2 either alone or in a mixture comprising the first gaseous fuel and the second gaseous fuel.
The connection means 7 can comprise a separate fuel supply line for the second gaseous fuel. Alternatively, or in addition, the connection means 7 can comprise means for connecting the moveable fuel tank 6 to the fuel supply line 5 between the fixed fuel tank 3 and the engine 2.
The second gaseous fuel could be, for instance, ammonia (NH3). Ammonia could be stored in the moveable fuel tank 6 as liquefied gas. The boiling point of ammonia at atmospheric pressure is approximately -33.3 °C. Ammonia could thus be stored at a temperature of approximately -34 °C or below to keep it in liquid phase at a pressure that is close to atmospheric pressure. A pressure of 10 bar is needed for keeping ammonia liquid at a temperature of 25 °C. Ammo nia could thus be stored as liquid even without regulating the temperature. At least in case of a piston engine, ammonia could be used as a fuel in the engine 2 without mixing it with the first gaseous fuel.
The second gaseous fuel could also be, for instance, hydrogen. The hydrogen could be compressed or liquefied hydrogen. The boiling point of hydrogen at atmospheric pressure is approximately -253 °C and the critical temperature is approximately -240 °C. For storing the hydrogen as liquid, the fuel storage and supply system should thus be provided with means for keeping the hydrogen in the moveable fuel tank 6 at a sufficiently low temperature.
The moveable fuel tank 6 can be configured to be brought into the vessel 1 in different ways. For instance, the tank receiving space 4 can be arranged on an open deck of the vessel 1 or below an openable hatch. The moveable tank 6 can be lifted to tank receiving space 4 by means of a crane. Alternatively, or in addition, the tank receiving space 4 can be arranged at a position allowing mov ing the moveable fuel tank 6 to the vessel 1 along a loading ramp. The tank receiving space 4 could thus be located, for instance, on a car deck in a ferry. The moveable fuel tank 6 could be brought into the vessel 1 for instance by means of a forklift. The moveable fuel tank 6 could also be arranged on a plat form provided with wheels. The moveable tank 6 could thus be pushed or pulled into the vessel 1 using a suitable vehicle. The moveable fuel tank 6 could also be self-propelled. The moveable fuel tank 6 could be configured to drive to the tank receiving space 4 autonomously or it could be remote-controlled.
For using gaseous fuel as an energy source of the engine 2, various pieces of equipment are needed in connection with the fixed and moveable fuel tanks 3, 6 and/or in connection with the fuel supply line 5. At least part of the equipment may be arranged in a tank connection space. A tank connection space is a gas- tight space accommodating tank connections and valves associated with them. The purpose of the tank connection space is to prevent the gas that may leak from the tank connections or the valves to enter a tank hold, in which the tank is located. In addition to valves, pumps and/or evaporators may be needed, de pending on the type of fuel used. The tank connection space can also accom modate one or more pumps and one or more evaporators.
In the embodiment of figure 1 , the fuel storage and supply system is provided with a tank connection space 3a arranged in connection with the fixed fuel tank 3. The tank connection space 3a can be arranged apart from the fixed fuel tank 3. In that case, the tank connection space 3a needs to be connected to the fuel tank with double wall pipes. Alternatively, the tank connection space 3a could be divided from the fixed fuel tank 3 by a gas-tight partition wall. The tank con nection space 3a could thus be partly delimited by the shell of the fixed fuel tank 3. The moveable fuel tank 6 is provided with an integrated gas-tight tank connec tion space 6a, which is provided with at least one valve for controlling outflow from the tank 6. The tank connection space 6a of the moveable fuel tank 6 may be provided with at least one pump or evaporator. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but may vary within the scope of the ap pended claims.

Claims

Claims
1. A fuel storage and supply system for a marine vessel (1), which marine vessel (1) comprises at least one combustion device (2) that is configured to be operable using a first gaseous fuel and additionally using at least a second gas- eous fuel and/or a mixture of the first gaseous fuel and the second gaseous fuel, the fuel storage and supply system comprising
- a fixed fuel tank (3) arranged onboard the vessel (1) for storing the first gaseous fuel, and
- a fuel supply line (5) arranged onboard the vessel (1) for supplying fuel from the fixed fuel tank (3) to the at least one combustion device (2), characterized in that the fuel storage and supply system comprises onboard the vessel (1 ) a tank receiving space (4) that is configured to receive a moveable fuel tank (6) storing the second gaseous fuel, and connection means (7) for con necting the moveable fuel tank (6) to the combustion device (2).
2. A fuel storage and supply system according to claim 1 , wherein the con nection means (7) are configured to allow mixing of the second gaseous fuel with the first gaseous fuel.
3. A fuel storage and supply system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the connection means (7) are configured to allow supply of the second gaseous fuel to the combustion device (2) without mixing with the first gaseous fuel.
4. A fuel storage and supply system according to any of claims 1 -3, wherein the tank receiving space (4) is configured to receive a tank (6) lifted to the tank receiving space (4).
5. A fuel storage and supply system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the tank receiving space (4) is configured to receive a tank (6) moved to the vessel (1) along a loading ramp.
6. A fuel storage and supply system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first gaseous fuel is LNG.
7. A fuel storage and supply system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second gaseous fuel is hydrogen or ammonia.
8. A fuel storage and supply system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the tank receiving space (4) is configured to receive a moveable fuel tank (6) storing a third gaseous fuel and the connection means (7) are con figured to connect the moveable fuel tank (6) containing the third gaseous fuel to the combustion device (2).
9. A fuel storage and supply system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the combustion device (2) is an internal combustion engine.
10. A moveable fuel tank (6) for a fuel storage and supply system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the moveable fuel tank (6) is configured to be positioned into the tank receiving space (4) and to be connected to the connection means (7).
11. A moveable fuel tank (6) according to claim 10, wherein the moveable fuel tank (6) is provided with an integrated gas-tight tank connection space (6a), which is provided with at least one valve for controlling outflow from the tank (6).
12. A moveable fuel tank (6) according to claim 11 , wherein the tank connec tion space (6a) is provided with at least one pump or evaporator.
13. A moveable fuel tank (6) according to any of claims 10-12, wherein the moveable fuel tank (6) is configured to be driven autonomously or remote-con trolled.
14. A marine vessel (1) comprising a fuel storage and supply system accord ing to any of claims 1-9.
PCT/FI2021/050341 2021-05-07 2021-05-07 Fuel storage and supply system for marine vessel WO2022234177A1 (en)

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EP2555967B1 (en) 2010-04-09 2014-08-06 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Method for operating an lng fuelled marine vessel and a corresponding marine vessel
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