WO2022229483A1 - Lifting tower - Google Patents
Lifting tower Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022229483A1 WO2022229483A1 PCT/ES2022/070244 ES2022070244W WO2022229483A1 WO 2022229483 A1 WO2022229483 A1 WO 2022229483A1 ES 2022070244 W ES2022070244 W ES 2022070244W WO 2022229483 A1 WO2022229483 A1 WO 2022229483A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bar
- fixed
- pulley
- lifting tower
- respect
- Prior art date
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D3/00—Portable or mobile lifting or hauling appliances
- B66D3/04—Pulley blocks or like devices in which force is applied to a rope, cable, or chain which passes over one or more pulleys, e.g. to obtain mechanical advantage
- B66D3/06—Pulley blocks or like devices in which force is applied to a rope, cable, or chain which passes over one or more pulleys, e.g. to obtain mechanical advantage with more than one pulley
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
- E04H12/18—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures movable or with movable sections, e.g. rotatable or telescopic
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
- E04H15/32—Parts, components, construction details, accessories, interior equipment, specially adapted for tents, e.g. guy-line equipment, skirts, thresholds
- E04H15/60—Poles
Definitions
- the following invention relates to a lifting tower, comprising a new pulley mechanism, configured to lift and support loads at one end while it remains supported on a fixed support, in such a way that said new mechanism allows the movement of the sliding bars. that make up the tower as well as the load that the tower supports with less effort than that required in the mechanisms of existing lifting towers.
- the purpose of the device is to provide the lifting towers with a multiplier effect in relation to the energy entering the tower and the displacement produced in it, providing, at the same time, greater smoothness when raising the mechanism. .
- the invention is within the technical field of the load lifting mechanisms sector, more specifically, in lifting devices specially adapted for special purposes, which come into contact with the ground to support, lift or maneuver loads.
- lifting towers are widely known on the market, consisting of devices that allow lifting and/or supporting loads at a specific height.
- Said towers mostly have bars arranged in a vertical orientation and are configured to unfold, extending all the bars they comprise, until reaching a desired height.
- the displacement in the longitudinal direction of the bars is normally produced by the effect of a system of pulleys connected by a rope or cable, in such a way that when pulling one end of said cable, the displacement of the bars occurs, extending them, and when releasing said cable, the folding of the tower takes place.
- the lifting towers Although there are different means of lifting, most of the lifting towers on the market are configured with a simple mechanism of pulleys that lift loads without providing mechanical advantage. In other words, the lifting towers obtain all their mechanical advantage from the transmission ratio provided by the winch, which transforms the circular movement into a linear movement.
- Said pulley mechanism consists of taking the cable from the capstan, to which it is connected at its first end, to the bar on which the load rests, to which the second end is connected, passing from bar to bar by means of pulleys, whose Its function consists solely in redirecting the force provided by the user in activating the winch, so that each bar lifts the following ones.
- pulley systems can provide a mechanical advantage in moving and lifting objects.
- the following is the physical relationship that allows lifting tower pulleys to be configured to reduce the effort required to lift the load while reducing reaction forces on the rope and pulley bearings.
- a lifting tower is a device capable of transforming kinetic energy provided by the user, from the winch, into an increase in potential energy of a load placed on it.
- An input energy of the system (Ei) and an output energy (Em) can then be defined as follows:
- Em [J ] M [kg] g [m/s 2 ] Ad [m] [2]
- T Torque provided at the winch handle.
- M Mass of the resulting load to be lifted (also including the mass of the bars that are being displaced).
- g Value of gravity on the earth's surface (9.81 m/s 2 ).
- Ad Displacement of the resulting load to be lifted (also including the mass of the bars being displaced).
- hoists which are devices made up of two or more pulleys and a rope, cable or chain that alternately passes through the various grooves of each of these pulleys. These devices are used to lift or move a load with a great mechanical advantage, since it requires applying a much lower force than the weight to be moved by applying a larger input displacement.
- the hoists achieve this transmission effect through the use of mobile pulleys and the positioning of the load at one or more intermediate points of the cable, understanding that a mobile pulley is a pulley whose position varies in relation to the immobile fixed pulleys. , and through which the cable slides. If the pulley moves, but there is no slip with the cable, the pulley is simplifyable to a mass on the cable and does not contribute to the gear ratio. Through this ratio of input and output energies, the drawbacks of the current systems used in lifting towers can be resolved, reducing the force necessary to move a load the same distance in height.
- the appropriate lifting tower to solve the problems indicated in the background, and that allows reducing the force necessary to move objects must include at least one mobile pulley, and that the load applied to said lifting tower must rest on one or more intermediate points of the cable in order to reduce the input torque. It must also have a fixed point on the tower that will serve as a reference to determine if a pulley is fixed or mobile, as well as to establish anchor points for fixed or cable pulleys.
- said lifting tower comprises:
- the pulley system comprising at least one first fixed pulley assembled to the fixed bar and a cable configured to slide on pulleys of the pulley system.
- Cable is defined as a flexible element that allows communication between pulleys, and can be a metal cord, a rope or a chain that allows the described operation.
- a drive device for the pulley system attached to a first end of the cable, where said drive device is configured to pull said first end of the cable by picking it up, being able to wind it on an axis, moving the, at least one, sliding bar with respect to of the fixed bar in the longitudinal direction of unfolding, extending the lifting tower; and to release the collected cable, freeing it, moving the sliding bar, with respect to the fixed bar in the same longitudinal direction, in the opposite direction of folding, collecting the lifting tower;
- the pulley system comprises a first mobile pulley, assembled to the at least one sliding bar, connected as the pulleys are supported, that is, in a way that allows the support of the load they support but also the rotation of the pulley on itself, said movable pulley configured to move in the longitudinal direction with respect to the fixed bar reciprocally to said sliding bar, when the drive device is actuated; where the second end of the cable is stationary, that is, it is fixed and rigidly attached to the fixed bar of the lifting tower; and where the first fixed pulley and the first mobile pulley comprise a hoist. In this way, both the second end of the cable and the fixed bar do not move, and they can be directly connected to each other, or through other parts of the tower itself or external parts.
- the defined hoist between the fixed pulley and the mobile pulley has a transmission ratio close to 2, that is to say, practically half the torque and twice the turns are required to raise the load supported by the tower.
- the lifting tower comprises a first and a second slider bar parallel to the fixed bar, configured to move in a longitudinal direction with respect to the fixed bar, where the first slider bar is configured to move in the same longitudinal direction with respect to the second slider bar; where the first mobile pulley is assembled to the first sliding bar, configured to move in the longitudinal direction with respect to the second sliding bar reciprocally to the first sliding bar; where the second sliding bar is assembled to at least one second mobile pulley, included in the pulley system, where said second mobile pulley is configured to move in the longitudinal direction with respect to the fixed bar reciprocally to the second sliding bar ; and where the first fixed pulley and the second mobile pulley make up a hoist.
- this second hoist is also close to 2, so that, whether the first or the second lifting tower is being raised, the effort required to do so will be half of what is necessary with the existing towers that they do not have moving pulleys, and the number of turns of the fixed pulley will be doubled.
- the pulley system comprises:
- the pulley system comprises:
- the lifting tower can include other configurations with as many sliding bars as required, each of them having at least one mobile pulley and as many other fixed or mobile pulleys as required for the operation described in the previous realizations.
- the drive device comprises a winch rigidly connected to the fixed bar.
- said capstan comprises a motor configured to pick up the cable and wind it on a shaft rotated by said motor.
- the winch comprises a crank for manual actuation.
- the outer support means comprises a plurality of legs connected by an articulated joint to the fixed bar, said legs being configured to lock, being rigidly fixed to said fixed bar. These legs provide stability to the lift tower when it is in use.
- the bars are hollow and telescopically connected. In other words, the bars are inserted from the smallest to the largest section, with the fixed bar on the outside.
- the bars are rectangular prismatic. In other embodiments, the bars can have other sections such as circular, but the rectangular prismatic shape allows a better distribution and connection of the pulleys.
- the longitudinal direction in which the at least one slider is configured to move relative to the fixed bar is a vertical direction.
- the elevation of the elevation tower is completely vertical, and in other embodiments it may include some inclination.
- a first end of the first slide bar comprises a fastening means configured to be fixed to a load to be lifted by the lifting tower. In this way, when lifting, the load resting on the slider bar is well secured to the lifting tower.
- the lifting tower comprises a first locking means configured to limit the displacement of the first slider bar with respect to the second slider bar, and a second locking means configured to limit the displacement of the second slider bar relative to the slider bar. fixed.
- said locking means which may comprise pins or similar elements.
- each of them would have a blocking means to prevent the entire load from being supported on the cable instead of on the bars.
- Figure 1A-1C It shows three diagrams of an arrangement of bars and pulleys of an existing lifting tower in the state of the art, where the second end of the cable is rigidly connected to the first sliding bar.
- the tower is shown with the bars collected
- the first sliding bar is shown raised with respect to the rest after having pulled the winch cable
- the two sliding bars are shown raised with respect to the fixed one. .
- Figure 2A-2C It shows three diagrams of an arrangement of bars and pulleys of a lifting tower, following the example of figures 1A-1C, but in this case, being this lifting tower defined according to claim 2, comprising a fixed bar, and two sliding bars arranged telescopically, where said tower comprises a first mobile pulley connected to the first sliding bar and a second mobile pulley connected to the second sliding bar.
- This scheme is represented in two dimensions, since it allows to visualize in a simple way the operation of the claimed tower, but the position of the pulleys can be different, some of them being located concentrically, being able to dispense with some of them depending on their position .
- Figure 3 Shows a perspective view of a lifting tower that includes a system of bars and pulleys like the one shown in figure 1B, being able to see all the bars of the tower, the support or external support, the winch, the blocking means and the cable connecting the pulleys.
- Figure 4 Shows a perspective view of the lifting tower shown in figure 2, without the bars or the blocking means, allowing the distribution of the pulleys and the cable inside the tower to be observed.
- Figure 5 Shows a perspective view of the lifting tower similar to the one shown in figure 3, but from a rear view, and with a magnification that allows the internal components of the tower to be more easily visualized.
- FIGs 6A-6B show an elevation view and another in profile of the distribution of the lifting tower pulley system of figures 2 to 4, also showing the cable that connects said pulleys, as well as the winch.
- the lifting tower of the preferred embodiment comprises a pulley mechanism or system that has a return line that allows multiplying the input traction force to said tower with respect to existing systems or mechanisms, in exchange for a greater number of revolutions to be applied to the winch on which the input energy is applied, as can be seen in the diagram of figures 2A-2C.
- Figures 1a-1C show a diagram of an existing elevation tower in the state of the art that comprises an arrangement of three parallel bars (1, 2a, 2b), one of them being a fixed bar (1) and the other two sliding bars (2a, 2b) relative to the fixed bar (1).
- the diagram also shows the lifting tower pulley system, this system being the one used in the existing lifting towers on the market, where there is no multiplication of the input force, except for that generated by the winch itself , but a direct transformation from circular to linear motion.
- an object of the invention is that all the mobile bars of the lifting tower have a multiplying effect, as shown in figures 2A-2C.
- the solution adopted in the preferred embodiment is shown in the diagram of the figures 2A-2C, where three bars (1, 2a, 2b) are also shown, the widest being the fixed bar (1) and the first (2a) and the second sliding bar (2b) located inside it ; the cable (4) and the pulley system adopted.
- the first end of the cable (4) is also located in an outer upper end part of the fixed bar (1), so that it can be connected to a winch or an actuating device (5), but the second end of the cable (4) is not rigidly connected to a sliding bar (2a, 2b) but is rigidly connected, also to an upper end part of the fixed bar (1).
- first end of the cable (4) is directed from a first fixed pulley (3a), assembled to an upper part of the fixed bar (1), to a second mobile pulley (3c), assembled to a lower part of the second sliding bar (2b), to then go to a fourth mobile pulley (3e), assembled to an upper part of the same second sliding bar (2b), to then go to the first mobile pulley (3b), assembled to a lower end part of the first sliding bar (2a).
- the cable travels in reverse, heading for a third mobile pulley (3d), assembled at the top of the second sliding bar (2b), to then head for a fifth mobile pulley (3f-3g). , assembled to a lower part of the same second sliding bar (2b).
- the cable (4) ends at its second end rigidly connected to an upper end part of the fixed bar (1).
- the lifting tower can include other configurations that also generate the multiplier effect, provided that each sliding bar (2a, 2b) corresponds to at least one mobile pulley (3b, 3c).
- This configuration also allows the lifting tower, in addition to comprising two sliding bars (2a, 2b), to comprise more bars; as many as are considered necessary to lift a load, a vertical distance.
- the position of the pulleys can be altered, since figure 1B is a two-dimensional diagram that allows visualizing the operation of the tower, but having some of said pulleys in different transverse positions, the use of necessary pulleys can be reduced.
- the transmission ratio can be increased by increasing the number of times that the cable (4) is directed from the fixed bar (1) to the sliding bar (2a, 2b) on which the load rests, and vice versa.
- Figure 3 shows a lifting tower comprising a configuration of bars (1, 2a, 2b) and pulleys (3a-3g) as defined from the diagram of figures 2A-2C, being able to observe in this case that the actuation device (5) comprises a winch connected to the first end of the cable (4), and that the external support means (6) comprises four legs connected by means of an articulated joint to the fixed bar (1), in such a way that said legs can be locked in a support position, distributing the load supported by the tower over a larger surface, preventing the tower from tilting. Also, in said figure 3, the first (7a) and the second locking means (7b) are shown, which are elements that comprise pins or stops that allow the movement of the sliding bars (2a, 2b) to be blocked.
- Figures 4 to 6A and 6B show the arrangement of the pulley system and the cable (4) inside the lifting tower of figure 3. In these figures it can be seen how some of the pulleys can be positioned. so that the space occupied is the minimum possible.
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Abstract
Disclosed is a lifting tower comprising a fixed bar (1) and at least one sliding bar (2a, 2b), parallel to the fixed bar (1), wherein the sliding bar (2a, 2b) is designed to move longitudinally with respect to the fixed bar (1) by means of a pulley system comprising a first movable pulley (3b), connected to the sliding bar (2a, 2b). The first movable pulley (3b) is designed to move longitudinally with respect to the fixed bar (1), reciprocally with the sliding bar (2a, 2b), when an actuation device (5) is operated, the second end of a cable (4) being immovable and rigidly joined to the fixed bar (1) of the lifting tower, such that a first fixed pulley (3a) and the first movable pulley (3b) form a hoist.
Description
TORRE ELEVADORA LIFTING TOWER
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La siguiente invención se refiere a una torre elevadora, que comprende un nuevo mecanismo de poleas, configurada para elevar y soportar cargas en un extremo mientras se mantiene apoyada en un soporte fijo, de tal forma que dicho nuevo mecanismo permite el desplazamiento de las barras deslizantes que componen la torre así como de la carga que soporta la torre con un esfuerzo menor que el necesario en los mecanismos de las torres elevadoras existentes. The following invention relates to a lifting tower, comprising a new pulley mechanism, configured to lift and support loads at one end while it remains supported on a fixed support, in such a way that said new mechanism allows the movement of the sliding bars. that make up the tower as well as the load that the tower supports with less effort than that required in the mechanisms of existing lifting towers.
De este modo, la finalidad del dispositivo es dotar a las torres elevadoras de un efecto multiplicador en relación entre la energía entrante en la torre y el desplazamiento producido en ella, proporcionando, al mismo tiempo, una mayor suavidad a la hora de elevar el mecanismo. In this way, the purpose of the device is to provide the lifting towers with a multiplier effect in relation to the energy entering the tower and the displacement produced in it, providing, at the same time, greater smoothness when raising the mechanism. .
La invención se encuentra dentro del campo técnico del sector de mecanismos de elevación de cargas, más concretamente, en dispositivos de elevación adaptados especialmente a fines especiales, que toman contacto con el suelo para soportar, elevar o maniobrar cargas. The invention is within the technical field of the load lifting mechanisms sector, more specifically, in lifting devices specially adapted for special purposes, which come into contact with the ground to support, lift or maneuver loads.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Actualmente, en el mercado son ampliamente conocidas las torres de elevación, que consisten en dispositivos que permiten elevar y/o sostener cargas a una altura concreta. Dichas torres disponen en su mayoría de barras dispuestas en orientación vertical y están configuradas para desplegarse, extendiéndose todas las barras que comprenden, hasta alcanzar una altura deseada. El desplazamiento en dirección longitudinal de las barras se produce normalmente por el efecto de un sistema de poleas conectadas por una cuerda o cable, de tal forma que al tirar de un extremo de dicho cable, se produce el desplazamiento de las barras, extendiéndolas, y al liberar dicho cable, se produce el plegado de la torre. Currently, lifting towers are widely known on the market, consisting of devices that allow lifting and/or supporting loads at a specific height. Said towers mostly have bars arranged in a vertical orientation and are configured to unfold, extending all the bars they comprise, until reaching a desired height. The displacement in the longitudinal direction of the bars is normally produced by the effect of a system of pulleys connected by a rope or cable, in such a way that when pulling one end of said cable, the displacement of the bars occurs, extending them, and when releasing said cable, the folding of the tower takes place.
A pesar de que existen diferentes medios de elevación, la mayoría las torres elevadoras del mercado están configuradas con un mecanismo simple de poleas que levantan
cargas sin aportar ventaja mecánica. Es decir, que las torres elevadoras obtienen toda su ventaja mecánica de la relación de transmisión que proporciona el cabrestante, el cual transforma el movimiento circular en un movimiento lineal. Although there are different means of lifting, most of the lifting towers on the market are configured with a simple mechanism of pulleys that lift loads without providing mechanical advantage. In other words, the lifting towers obtain all their mechanical advantage from the transmission ratio provided by the winch, which transforms the circular movement into a linear movement.
Dicho mecanismo de poleas consisten en llevar el cable desde el cabrestante, al cual está conectado a su primer extremo, hasta la barra sobre la que descansa la carga, a la cual está conectado el segundo extremo, pasando de barra en barra mediante poleas, cuya función consiste únicamente en redirigir la fuerza proporcionada por el usuario en el accionamiento del cabestrante, de manera que cada barra levanta a las siguientes. Said pulley mechanism consists of taking the cable from the capstan, to which it is connected at its first end, to the bar on which the load rests, to which the second end is connected, passing from bar to bar by means of pulleys, whose Its function consists solely in redirecting the force provided by the user in activating the winch, so that each bar lifts the following ones.
Como uno de los extremos del cable es solidario a la carga, toda la fuerza debe ser proporcionada desde el otro extremo del cable, es decir, desde el cabestrante. As one of the ends of the cable is integral with the load, all the force must be provided from the other end of the cable, that is, from the winch.
Este sistema se puede apreciar en las figuras 1A-1C, donde el al realizar el desplegado de las barras, el mecanismo se puede simplificar como una simple polea (la que está en el mástil) tirando de una masa (que corresponde a las barras, la carga soportada en dichas barras y las dos poleas situadas en las barras deslizantes). This system can be seen in figures 1A-1C, where when unfolding the bars, the mechanism can be simplified as a simple pulley (the one on the mast) pulling a mass (which corresponds to the bars, the load supported on said bars and the two pulleys located on the sliding bars).
MARCO TEÓRICO THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Es sabido que los sistemas de poleas pueden proporcionar una ventaja mecánica en el desplazamiento y elevación de objetos. A continuación se indica la relación física que permite configurar las poleas de las torres elevadoras con el fin de reducir el esfuerzo necesario para levantar la carga y al mismo tiempo reducir las fuerzas de reacción sobre el cable y los rodamientos de las poleas. It is known that pulley systems can provide a mechanical advantage in moving and lifting objects. The following is the physical relationship that allows lifting tower pulleys to be configured to reduce the effort required to lift the load while reducing reaction forces on the rope and pulley bearings.
Una torre elevadora es un dispositivo capaz de transformar una energía cinética aportada por el usuario, desde el cabrestante, en un incremento de energía potencial de una carga situada sobre la misma. Se puede definir entonces una energía de entrada del sistema (Ei) y otra de salida (Em) de la siguiente manera: A lifting tower is a device capable of transforming kinetic energy provided by the user, from the winch, into an increase in potential energy of a load placed on it. An input energy of the system (Ei) and an output energy (Em) can then be defined as follows:
Ei [J ] = T [N m] Da [1] Ei [J ] = T [N m] Da [1]
Em [J ] = M [kg] g [m/s2] Ad [m] [2] Em [J ] = M [kg] g [m/s 2 ] Ad [m] [2]
Donde: Where:
T: Par proporcionado en la manivela del cabrestante. T: Torque provided at the winch handle.
M: Masa de la carga resultante a levantar (incluyendo también la masa de las barras que
estén siendo desplazadas). g: Valor de la gravedad en la superficie terrestre (9,81 m/s2). M: Mass of the resulting load to be lifted (also including the mass of the bars that are being displaced). g: Value of gravity on the earth's surface (9.81 m/s 2 ).
Da: Número de revoluciones que el usuario da a la manivela del cabrestante. Da: Number of revolutions that the user gives to the winch handle.
Ad: Desplazamiento de la carga resultante a levantar (incluyendo también la masa de las barras que estén siendo desplazadas). Ad: Displacement of the resulting load to be lifted (also including the mass of the bars being displaced).
Existen muchas configuraciones de poleas pero todas se basan en un mismo principio: Sabiendo que la energía es igual a fuerza por desplazamiento (E = F Ad) y que además es constante a lo largo de la cadena de transmisión (por la ley de conservación de la energía), es posible producir la misma energía en la salida del sistema ejerciendo una menor fuerza en la entrada si se aumenta el desplazamiento en la entrada en la misma medida que se reduce la fuerza. De ese modo: There are many pulley configurations but they are all based on the same principle: Knowing that energy is equal to force times displacement (E = F Ad) and that it is also constant throughout the transmission chain (by the law of conservation of energy), it is possible to produce the same energy at the output of the system by exerting less force on the input if the displacement at the input is increased by the same amount as the force is reduced. That way:
Ei = Em Ei = Em
T Da = M g Ad T/r Da r = M g Ad T Da = M g Ad T/r Da r = M g Ad
T' Da' = M g Ad [3] T' Da' = M g Ad [3]
Donde: r: Relación de transmisión del sistema. Where: r: Transmission ratio of the system.
T': Nuevo par a ejercer (T' = T/r). T': New torque to exert (T' = T/r).
Da': Nuevo número de revoluciones necesarios (Da' = Da r). Da': New number of necessary revolutions (Da' = Da r).
Bajo esta relación funcionan los polipastos, que son dispositivos compuestos por dos o más poleas y una cuerda, cable o cadena que alternativamente va pasando por las diversas gargantas de cada una de estas poleas. Estos dispositivos son utilizados para levantar o mover una carga con una gran ventaja mecánica, ya que requiere aplicar una fuerza mucho menor que el peso que hay que mover aplicando un desplazamiento de entrada mayor. Under this relationship, hoists work, which are devices made up of two or more pulleys and a rope, cable or chain that alternately passes through the various grooves of each of these pulleys. These devices are used to lift or move a load with a great mechanical advantage, since it requires applying a much lower force than the weight to be moved by applying a larger input displacement.
Es decir, que los polipastos consiguen este efecto de transmisión mediante el uso de poleas móviles y el posicionamiento de la carga en uno o más puntos intermedios del cable, entendiendo que una polea móvil es una polea cuya posición varía en relación a las poleas fijas inmóviles, y por la cual desliza el cable. Si la polea se desplaza, pero no hay deslizamiento con el cable, la polea es simplificable a una masa sobre el cable y no contribuye a la relación de transmisión.
Mediante esta relación de energías de entrada y de salida se pueden resolver los inconvenientes de los sistemas actuales utilizados en las torres de elevación, reduciendo la fuerza necesaria para desplazar una carga una misma distancia en altura. In other words, the hoists achieve this transmission effect through the use of mobile pulleys and the positioning of the load at one or more intermediate points of the cable, understanding that a mobile pulley is a pulley whose position varies in relation to the immobile fixed pulleys. , and through which the cable slides. If the pulley moves, but there is no slip with the cable, the pulley is simplifyable to a mass on the cable and does not contribute to the gear ratio. Through this ratio of input and output energies, the drawbacks of the current systems used in lifting towers can be resolved, reducing the force necessary to move a load the same distance in height.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Del apartado del marco teórico se puede extraer que la torre elevadora adecuada para solucionar los problemas indicados en los antecedentes, y que permite reducir la fuerza necesaria para el desplazamiento de objetos, debe comprender al menos una polea móvil, y que la carga aplicada en dicha torre de elevación debe descansar sobre uno o más puntos intermedios del cable con el fin de reducir el par de entrada. Debe contar además con punto fijo en la torre que servirá como referencia para determinar si una polea es fija o móvil, así como para establecer puntos de anclaje de poleas fijas o del cable. From the theoretical framework section, it can be concluded that the appropriate lifting tower to solve the problems indicated in the background, and that allows reducing the force necessary to move objects, must include at least one mobile pulley, and that the load applied to said lifting tower must rest on one or more intermediate points of the cable in order to reduce the input torque. It must also have a fixed point on the tower that will serve as a reference to determine if a pulley is fixed or mobile, as well as to establish anchor points for fixed or cable pulleys.
De este modo, dicha torre elevadora comprende: In this way, said lifting tower comprises:
- una barra fija y al menos una barra deslizante, paralela a la barra fija, donde dicha barra deslizante, está configurada para desplazarse en una dirección longitudinal respecto de la barra fija mediante un sistema de poleas, siendo la dirección longitudinal la dirección del eje de ambas barras, al ser éstas paralelas; - a fixed bar and at least one sliding bar, parallel to the fixed bar, where said sliding bar is configured to move in a longitudinal direction with respect to the fixed bar by means of a pulley system, the longitudinal direction being the direction of the axis of both bars, as they are parallel;
- el sistema de poleas que comprende al menos una primera polea fija ensamblada a la barra fija y un cable configurado para deslizarse por unas poleas del sistema de poleas. Se define cable como un elemento flexible que permite la comunicación entre poleas, y puede un cordón metálico, una cuerda o una cadena que permita el funcionamiento descrito. - the pulley system comprising at least one first fixed pulley assembled to the fixed bar and a cable configured to slide on pulleys of the pulley system. Cable is defined as a flexible element that allows communication between pulleys, and can be a metal cord, a rope or a chain that allows the described operation.
- un dispositivo de accionamiento del sistema de poleas unido a un primer extremo del cable, donde dicho dispositivo de accionamiento está configurado para tirar de dicho primer extremo del cable recogiéndolo, pudiendo enrollarlo sobre un eje, desplazando la, al menos una, barra deslizante respecto de la barra fija en la dirección longitudinal de desplegado, extendiendo la torre elevadora; y para soltar el cable recogido, liberándolo, desplazando la barra deslizante, respecto de la barra fija en la misma dirección longitudinal, en sentido opuesto de plegado, recogiendo la torre elevadora; y - a drive device for the pulley system attached to a first end of the cable, where said drive device is configured to pull said first end of the cable by picking it up, being able to wind it on an axis, moving the, at least one, sliding bar with respect to of the fixed bar in the longitudinal direction of unfolding, extending the lifting tower; and to release the collected cable, freeing it, moving the sliding bar, with respect to the fixed bar in the same longitudinal direction, in the opposite direction of folding, collecting the lifting tower; Y
- un medio de apoyo o de sujeción al exterior de la torre elevadora, como un suelo o bastidor, configurado para soportar dicha torre elevadora;
donde el sistema de poleas comprende una primera polea móvil, ensamblada a, la al menos una, barra deslizante, conectada como se apoyan las poleas, es decir, de forma que permite el apoyo de la carga que soportan pero también el giro de la polea sobre sí misma, configurada dicha polea móvil para desplazarse en la dirección longitudinal respecto de la barra fija de forma recíproca a dicha barra deslizante, cuando se acciona el dispositivo de accionamiento; donde el segundo extremo del cable es inmóvil, es decir que está fijo y unido rígidamente a la barra fija de la torre elevadora; y donde la primera polea fija y la primera polea móvil comprenden un polipasto. De este modo, tanto el segundo extremo del cable como la barra fija no se desplazan, pudiendo estar unidos directamente uno al otro, o a través de otras partes de la propia torre o externas. - a means of support or fastening to the outside of the lifting tower, such as a floor or frame, configured to support said lifting tower; where the pulley system comprises a first mobile pulley, assembled to the at least one sliding bar, connected as the pulleys are supported, that is, in a way that allows the support of the load they support but also the rotation of the pulley on itself, said movable pulley configured to move in the longitudinal direction with respect to the fixed bar reciprocally to said sliding bar, when the drive device is actuated; where the second end of the cable is stationary, that is, it is fixed and rigidly attached to the fixed bar of the lifting tower; and where the first fixed pulley and the first mobile pulley comprise a hoist. In this way, both the second end of the cable and the fixed bar do not move, and they can be directly connected to each other, or through other parts of the tower itself or external parts.
El polipasto entre la polea fija y la móvil definido tiene una relación de transmisión de próxima a 2, es decir, que se requiere prácticamente la mitad de par y el doble de vueltas para elevar la carga soportada por la torre. The defined hoist between the fixed pulley and the mobile pulley has a transmission ratio close to 2, that is to say, practically half the torque and twice the turns are required to raise the load supported by the tower.
En una realización, la torre elevadora comprende una primera y una segunda barra deslizante paralelas a la barra fija, configuradas para desplazarse en una dirección longitudinal respecto de la barra fija, donde la primera barra deslizante está configurada para desplazarse en la misma dirección longitudinal respecto de la segunda barra deslizante; donde la primera polea móvil está ensamblada a la primera barra deslizante, configurada para desplazarse en la dirección longitudinal respecto de la segunda barra deslizante de forma recíproca a la primera barra deslizante; donde la segunda barra deslizante está ensamblada a, al menos una, segunda polea móvil, comprendida en el sistema de poleas, donde dicha segunda polea móvil está configurada para desplazarse en la dirección longitudinal respecto de la barra fija de forma recíproca a la segunda barra deslizante; y donde la primera polea fija y la segunda polea móvil componen un polipasto. De este modo, la relación de transmisión de este segundo polipasto también es próxima a 2, de forma que, ya se esté elevando la primera o la segunda torre elevadora, el esfuerzo necesario para hacerlo será la mitad de lo necesario con las torres existentes que no tienen poleas móviles, y el número de vueltas de la polea fija será del doble. In one embodiment, the lifting tower comprises a first and a second slider bar parallel to the fixed bar, configured to move in a longitudinal direction with respect to the fixed bar, where the first slider bar is configured to move in the same longitudinal direction with respect to the second slider bar; where the first mobile pulley is assembled to the first sliding bar, configured to move in the longitudinal direction with respect to the second sliding bar reciprocally to the first sliding bar; where the second sliding bar is assembled to at least one second mobile pulley, included in the pulley system, where said second mobile pulley is configured to move in the longitudinal direction with respect to the fixed bar reciprocally to the second sliding bar ; and where the first fixed pulley and the second mobile pulley make up a hoist. In this way, the transmission ratio of this second hoist is also close to 2, so that, whether the first or the second lifting tower is being raised, the effort required to do so will be half of what is necessary with the existing towers that they do not have moving pulleys, and the number of turns of the fixed pulley will be doubled.
En una realización, el sistema de poleas comprende: In one embodiment, the pulley system comprises:
- una tercera, una cuarta, una quinta polea móvil ensambladas a la segunda barra deslizante, configuradas para desplazarse en la dirección longitudinal respecto de la barra fija al accionar el dispositivo de accionamiento. Estas poleas están
apoyadas en dicha segunda barra deslizante, permitiendo el giro sobre si mismas así como la transmisión de las cargas. - a third, a fourth, a fifth mobile pulley assembled to the second sliding bar, configured to move in the longitudinal direction with respect to the fixed bar when actuating the actuating device. These pulleys are supported on said second sliding bar, allowing the rotation on themselves as well as the transmission of loads.
En otra realización, diferente a la anterior, el sistema de poleas comprende: In another embodiment, different from the previous one, the pulley system comprises:
- una segunda, una tercera, una cuarta polea fija, ensambladas a la barra fija, configuradas para apoyar y distribuir el cable por la torre elevadora. - a second, a third, a fourth fixed pulley, assembled to the fixed bar, configured to support and distribute the cable through the lifting tower.
Además de estas realizaciones de poleas, el torre elevadora puede comprender otras configuraciones con tantas barras deslizantes como se precisen, teniendo cada una de ellas, al menos, una polea móvil y tantas otras poleas fijas o móviles como se precisen para el funcionamiento descrito en las realizaciones anteriores. In addition to these embodiments of pulleys, the lifting tower can include other configurations with as many sliding bars as required, each of them having at least one mobile pulley and as many other fixed or mobile pulleys as required for the operation described in the previous realizations.
En una realización, el dispositivo de accionamiento comprende un cabrestante conectado rígidamente a la barra fija. En una realización más concreta, dicho cabrestante comprende un motor configurado para recoger el cable y enrollarlo sobre un eje girado por dicho motor. En otras realizaciones, el cabrestante comprende una manivela para su accionamiento de forma manual. In one embodiment, the drive device comprises a winch rigidly connected to the fixed bar. In a more specific embodiment, said capstan comprises a motor configured to pick up the cable and wind it on a shaft rotated by said motor. In other embodiments, the winch comprises a crank for manual actuation.
En una realización, el medio de apoyo exterior comprende una pluralidad de patas conectadas mediante una unión articulada a la barra fija, estando configuradas dichas patas para bloquearse, fijándose rígidamente a dicha barra fija. Estas patas proporcionan estabilidad a la torre de elevación cuando está siendo utilizada. In one embodiment, the outer support means comprises a plurality of legs connected by an articulated joint to the fixed bar, said legs being configured to lock, being rigidly fixed to said fixed bar. These legs provide stability to the lift tower when it is in use.
En una realización, las barras son huecas y están conectadas telescópicamente. Es decir, que las barras están insertadas de menor a mayor sección, estando la barra fija en el exterior. In one embodiment, the bars are hollow and telescopically connected. In other words, the bars are inserted from the smallest to the largest section, with the fixed bar on the outside.
En una realización, las barras son prismáticas rectangulares. En otras realizaciones, las barras pueden tener otras secciones como circulares, pero la forma prismática rectangular permite una mejor distribución y conexión de las poleas. In one embodiment, the bars are rectangular prismatic. In other embodiments, the bars can have other sections such as circular, but the rectangular prismatic shape allows a better distribution and connection of the pulleys.
En una realización, la dirección longitudinal en la que la, al menos una, barra deslizante está configurada para desplazarse respecto de la barra fija, es una dirección vertical. Es decir, que la elevación de la torre de elevación es completamente vertical pudiendo comprender en otras realizaciones alguna inclinación.
En una realización, un primer extremo de la primera barra deslizante comprende un medio de sujeción configurado para fijarse a una carga a elevar por la torre elevadora. De ese modo, cuando se realiza la elevación, la carga apoyada en la barra deslizante está bien sujeta a la torre de elevación. In one embodiment, the longitudinal direction in which the at least one slider is configured to move relative to the fixed bar is a vertical direction. In other words, the elevation of the elevation tower is completely vertical, and in other embodiments it may include some inclination. In one embodiment, a first end of the first slide bar comprises a fastening means configured to be fixed to a load to be lifted by the lifting tower. In this way, when lifting, the load resting on the slider bar is well secured to the lifting tower.
En una realización, la torre elevadora comprende un primer medio de bloqueo configurado para limitar el desplazamiento de la primera barra deslizante respecto de la segunda barra deslizante, y un segundo medio de bloqueo configurado para limitar el desplazamiento de la segunda barra deslizante respecto de la barra fija. De este modo, cuando se produce la elevación de la carga soportada por las barras deslizantes, el cable ha de soportar toda dicha carga, pero una vez que está desplegada la torre, son las barras las que soportan un esfuerzo axial de la carga aplicada en el extremo de la barra deslizante, siendo posible gracias a dichos medios de bloqueo, los cuales pueden comprender pasadores o elementos similares. In one embodiment, the lifting tower comprises a first locking means configured to limit the displacement of the first slider bar with respect to the second slider bar, and a second locking means configured to limit the displacement of the second slider bar relative to the slider bar. fixed. In this way, when the lifting of the load supported by the sliding bars occurs, the cable has to support all said load, but once the tower is deployed, it is the bars that support an axial force of the load applied in the end of the sliding bar, being possible thanks to said locking means, which may comprise pins or similar elements.
En caso de que la torre comprendiese más barras deslizantes, cada una de ellas tendría un medio de bloqueo para impedir que toda la carga se soporte sobre el cable en vez de sobre las barras. In the event that the tower comprises more sliding bars, each of them would have a blocking means to prevent the entire load from being supported on the cable instead of on the bars.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Para complementar la descripción que seguidamente se va a realizar, y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva, de un juego de planos, en cuyas figuras de forma ilustrativa y no limitativa, se representan los detalles más característicos de la invención. To complement the description that will be made below, and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of plans is attached to this descriptive memory, in whose figures in an illustrative and non-limiting manner , the most characteristic details of the invention are represented.
Figura 1A-1C. Muestra tres esquemas de una disposición de barras y poleas de una torre elevadora existente en el estado del arte, donde el segundo extremo del cable está conectado rígidamente a la primera barra deslizante. En la figura 1A se muestra la torre con las barras recogidas, en la 1B se muestra la primera barra deslizante elevada respecto del resto al haber tirado del cable del cabestrante, y en la figura 1C se muestran las dos barras deslizantes elevadas respecto de la fija. Figure 1A-1C. It shows three diagrams of an arrangement of bars and pulleys of an existing lifting tower in the state of the art, where the second end of the cable is rigidly connected to the first sliding bar. In figure 1A the tower is shown with the bars collected, in 1B the first sliding bar is shown raised with respect to the rest after having pulled the winch cable, and in figure 1C the two sliding bars are shown raised with respect to the fixed one. .
Figura 2A-2C. Muestra tres esquemas de una disposición de barras y poleas de una torre elevadora, siguiendo el ejemplo de las figuras 1A-1C, pero en este caso, estando esta
torre elevadora definida según la reivindicación 2, que comprende una barra fija, y dos barras deslizantes dispuestas telescópicamente, donde dicha torre comprende una primera polea móvil conectada a la primera barra deslizante y una segunda polea móvil conectada a la segunda barra deslizante. Este esquema está representado en dos dimensiones, ya que permite visualizar de forma sencilla el funcionamiento de la torre reivindicada, pero la posición de las poleas puede ser diferente, estando algunas situadas de forma concéntrica, pudiéndose prescindir de alguna de ellas en función de su posición. Figure 2A-2C. It shows three diagrams of an arrangement of bars and pulleys of a lifting tower, following the example of figures 1A-1C, but in this case, being this lifting tower defined according to claim 2, comprising a fixed bar, and two sliding bars arranged telescopically, where said tower comprises a first mobile pulley connected to the first sliding bar and a second mobile pulley connected to the second sliding bar. This scheme is represented in two dimensions, since it allows to visualize in a simple way the operation of the claimed tower, but the position of the pulleys can be different, some of them being located concentrically, being able to dispense with some of them depending on their position .
Figura 3. Muestra una vista en perspectiva de una torre elevadora que comprende un sistema de barras y poleas como la mostrada en la figura 1B, pudiéndose apreciar todas las barras de la torre, el apoyo o soporte exterior, el cabestrante, los medios de bloqueo y el cable que conecta las poleas. Figure 3. Shows a perspective view of a lifting tower that includes a system of bars and pulleys like the one shown in figure 1B, being able to see all the bars of the tower, the support or external support, the winch, the blocking means and the cable connecting the pulleys.
Figura 4. Muestra una vista en perspectiva de la torre elevadora mostrada en la figura 2, sin las barras ni los medios de bloqueo, permitiendo observar la distribución de las poleas y del cable en el interior de la torre. Figure 4. Shows a perspective view of the lifting tower shown in figure 2, without the bars or the blocking means, allowing the distribution of the pulleys and the cable inside the tower to be observed.
Figura 5. Muestra una vista en perspectiva de la torre elevadora similar a la mostrada en la figura 3, pero desde una visión posterior, y con un aumento que permite visualizar más fácilmente los componentes internos de la torre. Figure 5. Shows a perspective view of the lifting tower similar to the one shown in figure 3, but from a rear view, and with a magnification that allows the internal components of the tower to be more easily visualized.
Figuras 6A-6B. Muestran una vista en alzado y otra en perfil de la distribución del sistema de poleas de la torre elevadora de las figuras 2 a 4, mostrando también el cable que conecta dichas poleas, así como el cabestrante. Figures 6A-6B. They show an elevation view and another in profile of the distribution of the lifting tower pulley system of figures 2 to 4, also showing the cable that connects said pulleys, as well as the winch.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE UNA REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Considerando la numeración adoptada en las figuras, la torre elevadora de la realización preferente comprende en un mecanismo o sistema de poleas que dispone de una línea de retorno que permite multiplicar la fuerza de tracción de entrada a dicha torre respecto a los sistemas o mecanismos existentes, en contraprestación de un mayor número de revoluciones a aplicar sobre el cabrestante sobre el que se aplica la energía de entrada, tal como se puede ver en el esquema de las figuras 2A-2C. Considering the numbering adopted in the figures, the lifting tower of the preferred embodiment comprises a pulley mechanism or system that has a return line that allows multiplying the input traction force to said tower with respect to existing systems or mechanisms, in exchange for a greater number of revolutions to be applied to the winch on which the input energy is applied, as can be seen in the diagram of figures 2A-2C.
En las figuras 1a-1C se muestra un esquema de una torre de elevación existente en el estado del arte que comprende una disposición de tres barras (1, 2a, 2b) paralelas,
siendo una de ellas una barra fija (1) y las otras dos barras deslizantes (2a, 2b) respecto de la barra fija (1). El esquema también muestra el sistema de poleas de la torre de elevación, siendo dicho sistema el utilizado en las torres de elevación existentes en el mercado, donde no se produce ninguna multiplicación de la fuerza de entrada, a excepción de la generada por el propio cabestrante, sino una transformación directa de movimiento circular en lineal. Figures 1a-1C show a diagram of an existing elevation tower in the state of the art that comprises an arrangement of three parallel bars (1, 2a, 2b), one of them being a fixed bar (1) and the other two sliding bars (2a, 2b) relative to the fixed bar (1). The diagram also shows the lifting tower pulley system, this system being the one used in the existing lifting towers on the market, where there is no multiplication of the input force, except for that generated by the winch itself , but a direct transformation from circular to linear motion.
Con dicho esquema de las figuras 1A-1C, se permite observar la distribución del cable (4) en el sistema de poleas, de modo que un primer extremo de dicho cable (4) se sitúa en un exterior de la barra fija (1), para que pueda ser conectado a un cabestrante o a cualquier otro dispositivo de accionamiento (5), mientras que el segundo extremo se encuentra fijado rígidamente a una parte extrema inferior de la primera barra deslizante (2a), de modo que se desplazará de forma recíproca. De este modo y con esta configuración, la longitud del cable (4) extraído de la torre de elevación, es decir, la recogida por el cabestrante, es la misma longitud que se desplaza la primera barra deslizante (2a) respecto de la barra fija (1), sin que exista ningún efecto multiplicador de la fuerza de entrada proveniente del cable. With said diagram of figures 1A-1C, it is possible to observe the distribution of the cable (4) in the pulley system, so that a first end of said cable (4) is located outside the fixed bar (1) , so that it can be connected to a winch or any other drive device (5), while the second end is rigidly fixed to a lower end part of the first sliding bar (2a), so that it will move reciprocally . In this way and with this configuration, the length of the cable (4) extracted from the lifting tower, that is, the one picked up by the winch, is the same length that the first sliding bar (2a) moves with respect to the fixed bar (1), without there being any multiplier effect of the input force coming from the cable.
Una vez que dicha primera barra deslizante (2a) ha sido desplazada verticalmente toda la longitud posible al tirar del primer extremo del cable (4), como se muestra en la figura 1B, si se sigue tirando de ese mismo extremo, se produce el desplazamiento de la primera (2a) y de la segunda barra deslizante (2b), de forma conjunta, respecto de la barra fija (1), como se muestra en la figura 1C. En esa situación, tanto la primera barra deslizante (2a) como la segunda barra deslizante (2b) se desplazan en dirección vertical al mismo tiempo, de modo que la relación de transmisión sigue siendo de 1, ya que el primer extremo del cable (4) está apoyado en una primera polea fija (3a), pero el segundo extremo se desplaza verticalmente al estar unido a la primera barra deslizante (2a). De ese modo, la longitud extraída del cable (4) de la barra fija (1) es la misma de la longitud desplazada en altura por las barras deslizantes (2a, 2b). Once said first sliding bar (2a) has been vertically displaced the full length possible by pulling the first end of the cable (4), as shown in Figure 1B, if you continue to pull that same end, the displacement occurs. of the first (2a) and the second sliding bar (2b), jointly, with respect to the fixed bar (1), as shown in figure 1C. In that situation, both the first slider (2a) and the second slider (2b) move in the vertical direction at the same time, so that the transmission ratio remains 1, since the first end of the cable (4 ) is supported by a first fixed pulley (3a), but the second end moves vertically as it is attached to the first sliding bar (2a). In this way, the length of the cable (4) extracted from the fixed bar (1) is the same as the length displaced in height by the sliding bars (2a, 2b).
De esta manera, se puede definir que un objeto de la invención consiste en que todas las barras móviles de la torre de elevación tengan un efecto multiplicador, como se muestra en las figuras 2A-2C. In this way, it can be defined that an object of the invention is that all the mobile bars of the lifting tower have a multiplying effect, as shown in figures 2A-2C.
La solución adoptada en la realización preferente se muestra en el esquema de las
figuras 2A-2C, donde también se muestran tres barras (1, 2a, 2b), siendo la más ancha la barra fija (1) y las que se sitúan en su interior la primera (2a) y la segunda barra deslizante (2b); el cable (4) y el sistema de poleas adoptado. En esta realización, el primer extremo del cable (4) también se sitúa en una parte extrema superior exterior de la barra fija (1), de modo que puede conectarse a un cabestrante o a un dispositivo de accionamiento (5) pero el segundo extremo del cable (4) no se conecta rígidamente a una barra deslizante (2a, 2b) sino que se conecta rígidamente, también a una parte extrema superior de la barra fija (1). The solution adopted in the preferred embodiment is shown in the diagram of the figures 2A-2C, where three bars (1, 2a, 2b) are also shown, the widest being the fixed bar (1) and the first (2a) and the second sliding bar (2b) located inside it ; the cable (4) and the pulley system adopted. In this embodiment, the first end of the cable (4) is also located in an outer upper end part of the fixed bar (1), so that it can be connected to a winch or an actuating device (5), but the second end of the cable (4) is not rigidly connected to a sliding bar (2a, 2b) but is rigidly connected, also to an upper end part of the fixed bar (1).
En el esquema de las figuras 2A-2C se puede apreciar como el primer extremo del cable (4) se dirige de una primera polea fija (3a), ensamblada a una parte superior de la barra fija (1), a una segunda polea móvil (3c), ensamblada a una parte inferior de la segunda barra deslizante (2b), para después dirigirse a una cuarta polea móvil (3e), ensamblada a una parte superior de la misma segunda barra deslizante (2b), para dirigirse a continuación a la primera polea móvil (3b), ensamblada a una parte extrema inferior de la primera barra deslizante (2a). Desde ese punto, el cable hace un recorrido a la inversa dirigiéndose a una tercera polea móvil (3d), ensamblada a una parte superior de la segunda barra deslizante (2b), para dirigirse a continuación a una quinta polea móvil (3f- 3g), ensambladas a una parte inferior de la misma segunda barra deslizante (2b). Desde esa quinta polea móvil (3f-3g), el cable (4) acaba en su segundo extremo conectado rígidamente en una parte extrema superior de la barra fija (1). In the diagram of figures 2A-2C it can be seen how the first end of the cable (4) is directed from a first fixed pulley (3a), assembled to an upper part of the fixed bar (1), to a second mobile pulley (3c), assembled to a lower part of the second sliding bar (2b), to then go to a fourth mobile pulley (3e), assembled to an upper part of the same second sliding bar (2b), to then go to the first mobile pulley (3b), assembled to a lower end part of the first sliding bar (2a). From that point, the cable travels in reverse, heading for a third mobile pulley (3d), assembled at the top of the second sliding bar (2b), to then head for a fifth mobile pulley (3f-3g). , assembled to a lower part of the same second sliding bar (2b). From this fifth mobile pulley (3f-3g), the cable (4) ends at its second end rigidly connected to an upper end part of the fixed bar (1).
Con esta distribución de poleas, donde la primera polea fija (3a) forma un polipasto con la primera (3b) y con la segunda polea móvil (3c), se consigue el efecto multiplicador para cada barra deslizante (2a, 2b). With this distribution of pulleys, where the first fixed pulley (3a) forms a hoist with the first (3b) and with the second mobile pulley (3c), the multiplier effect is achieved for each sliding bar (2a, 2b).
Además de esta configuración descrita, la torre elevadora puede comprender otras configuraciones que también generan el efecto multiplicador, siempre que a cada barra deslizante (2a, 2b) le corresponda al menos una polea móvil (3b, 3c). In addition to this configuration described, the lifting tower can include other configurations that also generate the multiplier effect, provided that each sliding bar (2a, 2b) corresponds to at least one mobile pulley (3b, 3c).
Esta configuración también permite que la torre elevadora, además de comprender dos barras deslizantes (2a, 2b) puede comprender más barras; tantas como sean consideradas necesarias para elevar una carga, una distancia en vertical. Además, la posición de las poleas se puede ver alterada, ya que la figura 1B es un esquema en dos dimensiones que permite visualizar el funcionamiento de la torre, pero disponiendo
algunas de dichas poleas en diferentes posiciones transversales, se puede reducir el uso de poleas necesarias. This configuration also allows the lifting tower, in addition to comprising two sliding bars (2a, 2b), to comprise more bars; as many as are considered necessary to lift a load, a vertical distance. In addition, the position of the pulleys can be altered, since figure 1B is a two-dimensional diagram that allows visualizing the operation of the tower, but having some of said pulleys in different transverse positions, the use of necessary pulleys can be reduced.
Del mismo modo, en caso de ser necesario, y se dispusiera del suficiente espacio y de una buena disposición de poleas dentro de la torre elevadora, se podría aumentar la relación de transmisión incrementando el número de veces que el cable (4) se dirige de la barra fija (1) a la barra deslizante (2a, 2b) en la que se apoya la carga, y viceversa. In the same way, if necessary, and if there is sufficient space and a good arrangement of pulleys inside the lifting tower, the transmission ratio can be increased by increasing the number of times that the cable (4) is directed from the fixed bar (1) to the sliding bar (2a, 2b) on which the load rests, and vice versa.
En la figura 3 se puede observar una torre elevadora que comprende una configuración de barras (1, 2a, 2b) y de poleas (3a-3g) como la definida a partir del esquema de las figuras 2A-2C, pudiéndose observar en este caso que el dispositivo de accionamiento (5) comprende un cabestrante conectado al primer extremo del cable (4), y que el medio de apoyo exterior (6) comprende cuatro patas conectadas mediante una unión articulada a la barra fija (1), de tal forma que dichas patas pueden bloquearse en una posición de apoyo, repartiendo la carga soportada por la torre en una superficie mayor, evitando que la torre pueda inclinarse. También, en dicha figura 3, se muestran el primer (7a) y el segundo medio de bloqueo (7b) que son elementos que comprenden pasadores o topes que permiten bloquear el desplazamiento de las barras deslizantes (2a, 2b). Figure 3 shows a lifting tower comprising a configuration of bars (1, 2a, 2b) and pulleys (3a-3g) as defined from the diagram of figures 2A-2C, being able to observe in this case that the actuation device (5) comprises a winch connected to the first end of the cable (4), and that the external support means (6) comprises four legs connected by means of an articulated joint to the fixed bar (1), in such a way that said legs can be locked in a support position, distributing the load supported by the tower over a larger surface, preventing the tower from tilting. Also, in said figure 3, the first (7a) and the second locking means (7b) are shown, which are elements that comprise pins or stops that allow the movement of the sliding bars (2a, 2b) to be blocked.
En las figuras 4 a 6A y 6B, se muestra la disposición del sistema de poleas y del cable (4) en el interior de la torre de elevación de la figura 3. En dichas figuras se puede observar como se pueden posicionar algunas de las poleas para que el espacio ocupado sea el mínimo posible. Figures 4 to 6A and 6B show the arrangement of the pulley system and the cable (4) inside the lifting tower of figure 3. In these figures it can be seen how some of the pulleys can be positioned. so that the space occupied is the minimum possible.
También se puede ver como las dos poleas mostradas y definidas como quinta polea móvil (3f-3g) del esquema de las figuras 2A-2C se simplifican en una única polea móvil (3f-3g) en las figuras 4 a 6A y 6B, ya que con una sola polea dispuesta paralelamente a la segunda polea móvil (3c) es suficiente para el correcto funcionamiento de la torre elevadora.
It can also be seen how the two pulleys shown and defined as the fifth mobile pulley (3f-3g) of the diagram of figures 2A-2C are simplified into a single mobile pulley (3f-3g) in figures 4 to 6A and 6B, since that with a single pulley arranged parallel to the second mobile pulley (3c) is sufficient for the correct operation of the lifting tower.
Claims
1.-Torre elevadora que comprende: 1.-Lifting tower comprising:
- una barra fija (1) y al menos una barra deslizante (2a, 2b), paralela a la barra fija (1), donde dicha barra deslizante (2a, 2b) está configurada para desplazarse en una dirección longitudinal respecto de la barra fija (1) mediante un sistema de poleas; - a fixed bar (1) and at least one sliding bar (2a, 2b), parallel to the fixed bar (1), where said sliding bar (2a, 2b) is configured to move in a longitudinal direction with respect to the fixed bar (1) by a pulley system;
- el sistema de poleas que comprende al menos una primera polea fija (3a) ensamblada a la barra fija (1) y un cable (4) configurado para deslizarse por unas poleas (3a-3g) del sistema de poleas; - the pulley system comprising at least one first fixed pulley (3a) assembled to the fixed bar (1) and a cable (4) configured to slide on pulleys (3a-3g) of the pulley system;
- un dispositivo de accionamiento (5) del sistema de poleas unido a un primer extremo del cable (4), donde dicho dispositivo de accionamiento (5) está configurado para tirar de dicho primer extremo del cable (4), desplazando la al menos una barra deslizante (2a, 2b) respecto de la barra fija (1) en la dirección longitudinal de desplegado, extendiendo la torre elevadora; y para soltar el cable (4), liberándolo, desplazando la barra deslizante (2a, 2b) respecto de la barra fija (1) en la misma dirección, en sentido opuesto de plegado, recogiendo la torre elevadora; - a drive device (5) of the pulley system attached to a first end of the cable (4), where said drive device (5) is configured to pull said first end of the cable (4), moving the at least one sliding bar (2a, 2b) with respect to the fixed bar (1) in the longitudinal direction of unfolding, extending the lifting tower; and to release the cable (4), freeing it, moving the sliding bar (2a, 2b) with respect to the fixed bar (1) in the same direction, in the opposite direction of folding, picking up the lifting tower;
- un medio de apoyo exterior (6) configurado para soportar la torre elevadora; caracterizado por que el sistema de poleas comprende una primera polea móvil (3b), ensamblada a la al menos una barra deslizante (2a, 2b), configurada para desplazarse en la dirección longitudinal respecto de la barra fija (1) de forma recíproca a dicha barra deslizante (2a, 2b) cuando se acciona el dispositivo de accionamiento (5); donde el segundo extremo del cable (4) es inmóvil, y está unido rígidamente a la barra fija (1) de la torre elevadora; y donde la primera polea fija (3a) y la primera polea móvil (3b) comprenden un polipasto. - an external support means (6) configured to support the lifting tower; characterized in that the pulley system comprises a first mobile pulley (3b), assembled to the at least one sliding bar (2a, 2b), configured to move in the longitudinal direction with respect to the fixed bar (1) reciprocally to said slide bar (2a, 2b) when actuating the driving device (5); where the second end of the cable (4) is stationary, and is rigidly attached to the fixed bar (1) of the lifting tower; and where the first fixed pulley (3a) and the first mobile pulley (3b) comprise a hoist.
2.- Torre elevadora, según la reivindicación anterior, que comprende una primera (2a) y una segunda barra deslizante (2b) paralelas a la barra fija (1), configuradas para desplazarse en una dirección longitudinal respecto de la barra fija (1), donde la primera barra deslizante (2a) está configurada para desplazarse en la misma dirección longitudinal respecto de la segunda barra deslizante (2b); donde la primera polea móvil (3b) está ensamblada a la primera barra deslizante (2a), configurada para desplazarse en la dirección longitudinal respecto de la segunda barra deslizante (2b) de forma recíproca a la primera barra deslizante (2a); donde la segunda barra deslizante (2b) está
ensamblada a al menos una segunda polea móvil (3c), comprendida en el sistema de poleas, donde dicha segunda polea móvil (3c) está configurada para desplazarse en la dirección longitudinal respecto de la barra fija (1) de forma recíproca a la segunda barra deslizante (2b); y donde la primera polea fija (3a) y la segunda polea móvil (3c) componen un polipasto. 2. Lifting tower, according to the preceding claim, comprising a first (2a) and a second sliding bar (2b) parallel to the fixed bar (1), configured to move in a longitudinal direction with respect to the fixed bar (1) , where the first slider bar (2a) is configured to move in the same longitudinal direction with respect to the second slider bar (2b); where the first mobile pulley (3b) is assembled to the first sliding bar (2a), configured to move in the longitudinal direction with respect to the second sliding bar (2b) reciprocally to the first sliding bar (2a); where the second slider (2b) is assembled to at least one second mobile pulley (3c), included in the pulley system, where said second mobile pulley (3c) is configured to move in the longitudinal direction with respect to the fixed bar (1) reciprocally to the second bar slider (2b); and where the first fixed pulley (3a) and the second mobile pulley (3c) make up a hoist.
3.- Torre elevadora, según la reivindicación anterior, donde el sistema de poleas comprende: 3. Lifting tower, according to the preceding claim, where the pulley system comprises:
- una tercera (3d), una cuarta (3e) y una quinta polea móvil (3f-3g) ensambladas a la segunda barra deslizante (2b), configuradas para desplazarse en la dirección longitudinal respecto de la barra fija (1) al accionar el dispositivo de accionamiento (5). - a third (3d), a fourth (3e) and a fifth mobile pulley (3f-3g) assembled to the second sliding bar (2b), configured to move in the longitudinal direction with respect to the fixed bar (1) when activating the drive device (5).
4 - Torre elevadora, según la reivindicación 2, donde el sistema de poleas comprende: 4 - Lifting tower, according to claim 2, wherein the pulley system comprises:
- una segunda (3d), una tercera (3e) y una cuarta polea fija (3f-3g), ensambladas a la barra fija (1), configuradas para apoyar y distribuir el cable (4) por la torre elevadora. - a second (3d), a third (3e) and a fourth fixed pulley (3f-3g), assembled to the fixed bar (1), configured to support and distribute the cable (4) through the lifting tower.
5.- Torre elevadora, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde el dispositivo de accionamiento (5) comprende un cabrestante conectado rígidamente a la barra fija (1). 5. Lifting tower, according to any of the preceding claims, where the drive device (5) comprises a winch rigidly connected to the fixed bar (1).
6.- Torre elevadora, según la reivindicación anterior, donde el cabrestante comprende un motor. 6. Lifting tower, according to the preceding claim, where the winch comprises a motor.
7.- Torre elevadora, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde el medio de apoyo exterior (6) comprende una pluralidad de patas conectadas mediante una unión articulada a la barra fija (1), estando configuradas dichas patas para bloquearse, fijándose rígidamente a dicha barra fija (1). 7. Lifting tower, according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the external support means (6) comprises a plurality of legs connected by an articulated joint to the fixed bar (1), said legs being configured to be locked, rigidly fixed to said fixed bar (1).
8.- Torre elevadora, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde las barras (1 , 2a, 2b) son huecas y están conectadas telescópicamente. 8. Lifting tower, according to any of the preceding claims, where the bars (1, 2a, 2b) are hollow and are telescopically connected.
9.- Torre elevadora, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde las barras (1 , 2a, 2b) son prismáticas rectangulares.
9. Lifting tower, according to any of the preceding claims, where the bars (1, 2a, 2b) are rectangular prismatic.
10.- Torre elevadora, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde la dirección longitudinal en la que la al menos una barra deslizante (2a, 2b) está configurada para desplazarse respecto de la barra fija (1), es una dirección vertical. 10. Lifting tower, according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the longitudinal direction in which the at least one sliding bar (2a, 2b) is configured to move with respect to the fixed bar (1), is a vertical direction.
11.- Torre elevadora, según la reivindicación 2 y cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde un primer extremo de la primera barra deslizante (2a) comprende un medio de sujeción configurado para fijarse a una carga a elevar por la torre elevadora. 11.- Lifting tower, according to claim 2 and any of the preceding claims, wherein a first end of the first sliding bar (2a) comprises a fastening means configured to be fixed to a load to be lifted by the lifting tower.
12.- Torre elevadora, según la reivindicación 2 y cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, que comprende un primer medio de bloqueo (7a) configurado para limitar el desplazamiento de la primera barra deslizante (2a) respecto de la segunda barra deslizante (2b), y un segundo medio de bloqueo (7b) configurado para limitar el desplazamiento de la segunda barra deslizante (2b) respecto de la barra fija (1).
12.- Lifting tower, according to claim 2 and any of the preceding claims, comprising a first blocking means (7a) configured to limit the displacement of the first sliding bar (2a) with respect to the second sliding bar (2b), and a second blocking means (7b) configured to limit the displacement of the second sliding bar (2b) with respect to the fixed bar (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ES202130887U ES1269469Y (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2021-04-30 | LIFTING TOWER |
ESU202130887 | 2021-04-30 |
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WO2022229483A1 true WO2022229483A1 (en) | 2022-11-03 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/ES2022/070244 WO2022229483A1 (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2022-04-21 | Lifting tower |
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ES (1) | ES1269469Y (en) |
WO (1) | WO2022229483A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2508835A (en) * | 1946-06-15 | 1950-05-23 | Western Oil Tool & Engineering | Safety lock for extensible masts |
GB1307858A (en) * | 1969-06-06 | 1973-02-21 | Wikstrand & Berg Wibe Ab | Sectionalised towers |
EP0201645A2 (en) * | 1985-05-10 | 1986-11-20 | Chu Associates Inc | Telescoping lightweight antenna tower assembly and the like |
US9598875B1 (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2017-03-21 | Multiquip, Inc. | Telescoping mast assembly with safety latch system |
-
2021
- 2021-04-30 ES ES202130887U patent/ES1269469Y/en active Active
-
2022
- 2022-04-21 WO PCT/ES2022/070244 patent/WO2022229483A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2508835A (en) * | 1946-06-15 | 1950-05-23 | Western Oil Tool & Engineering | Safety lock for extensible masts |
GB1307858A (en) * | 1969-06-06 | 1973-02-21 | Wikstrand & Berg Wibe Ab | Sectionalised towers |
EP0201645A2 (en) * | 1985-05-10 | 1986-11-20 | Chu Associates Inc | Telescoping lightweight antenna tower assembly and the like |
US9598875B1 (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2017-03-21 | Multiquip, Inc. | Telescoping mast assembly with safety latch system |
Also Published As
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ES1269469U (en) | 2021-06-04 |
ES1269469Y (en) | 2021-09-23 |
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