WO2022226926A1 - Method for comprehensively using oil sand tailing raw material - Google Patents

Method for comprehensively using oil sand tailing raw material Download PDF

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WO2022226926A1
WO2022226926A1 PCT/CN2021/091144 CN2021091144W WO2022226926A1 WO 2022226926 A1 WO2022226926 A1 WO 2022226926A1 CN 2021091144 W CN2021091144 W CN 2021091144W WO 2022226926 A1 WO2022226926 A1 WO 2022226926A1
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oil sand
sand tailings
raw material
tailings
mill
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PCT/CN2021/091144
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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任冬寅
尚志新
马洪才
曲铭海
王晨宁
郭昊
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德州学院
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Priority to CN202180011091.7A priority Critical patent/CN115023301A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/091144 priority patent/WO2022226926A1/en
Publication of WO2022226926A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022226926A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
    • B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
    • C09C3/08—Treatment with low-molecular-weight non-polymer organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
    • C09K21/06—Organic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
    • B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
    • B09B2101/55—Slag

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of green resource utilization of industrial solid waste, and in particular relates to a method for comprehensively utilizing oil sand tailings raw materials.
  • oil sands as an unconventional energy source, has become an important supplementary energy source due to its wide distribution, large reserves, high oil content, and convenient exploitation.
  • oil sands extraction and separation technology With the improvement of oil sands extraction and separation technology, the production cost of oil sands oil has been continuously reduced, and the output has also been greatly increased. Canada alone produced 2.7 million bpd in 2020 and is expected to reach 4 million bpd by 2030.
  • Oil sand tailings are the solid particulate matter remaining after oil sand separation, and 3-15 tons of oil sand tailings are produced for every 1 ton of oil sands oil produced.
  • oil sands oil production enterprises urgently need key technologies for comprehensive utilization of oil sand tailings.
  • oil sand tailings The color of oil sand tailings is black or gray-black, and its main components vary according to different origins.
  • the main components of Indonesian oil sand tailings are CaCO 3 , while those in Canada and China Inner Mongolia are mainly composed of quartz sand and clay minerals.
  • oil sand tailings can also be used to prepare hemihydrate gypsum, mercury removal adsorbents, exterior wall putty, water glass, non-burning bricks, etc.
  • the present invention provides a method for comprehensive utilization of oil sand tailings raw materials, which can realize the green high-efficiency treatment of various oil sand tailings according to the mineral properties of the oil sand tailings.
  • This method has good universality and can be comprehensively utilized for a variety of oil sand tailings.
  • oil sand tailings themselves are natural minerals, and after high temperature, alkali treatment or organic solution extraction and other processes during the oil extraction process, they have the characteristics of looseness and porosity, easy crushing, and stable physicochemical properties. In addition, some organic components will remain on the surface of oil sand tailings, which makes it more compatible with polymer materials. Therefore, it is considered that oil sand tailings have the potential to replace calcium powder, kaolin, talc and other natural minerals for the production of fillers for composite materials.
  • a method for comprehensive utilization of oil sand tailings raw materials comprising at least some of the five steps of raw ore pretreatment, magnetic separation, fine pulverization, ultrafine pulverization and surface modification :
  • the pretreatment includes two-stage processes of drying and coarse crushing.
  • the drying step is to dry the oil sand tailings with a moisture content of more than 0.5% by drying equipment.
  • the coarse crushing is to crush the oil sand tailings with a particle size larger than 0.5 mm by a coarse crushing device.
  • the pretreatment can reasonably combine drying and coarse crushing processes according to the actual water content and particle size of the oil sand tailings.
  • Magnetic separation use a magnetic separator to perform magnetic separation on the pretreated materials.
  • the magnetically separated materials are finely pulverized in the next step, and the magnetically separated iron-rich tailings can be used as raw materials for cement production.
  • the magnetic separation step can be omitted.
  • Fine pulverization Use fine pulverizing equipment to pulverize the magnetically separated materials to a certain fineness, and the finely pulverized materials can be used as inorganic fillers for the rubber and plastic industries.
  • Ultrafine pulverization equipment is used to ultrafinely pulverize the finely pulverized materials to a certain fineness.
  • the ultrafinely pulverized materials can be used as ultrafine fillers in the field of rubber and plastics, and can also be used for surface treatment as required. modified.
  • the method of the present invention has at least one of the following advantages: the production processes involved in the method of the present invention are all pure physical processes, do not involve reactions such as strong acid and alkali, high temperature and high pressure, and the production process is safe , green, environmental protection, no three waste emissions, high adaptability to different types of oil sand tailings.
  • the rubber and plastic filler produced by this method has good dispersion effect, good affinity with resin, and excellent reinforcement performance, and different types of products can replace heavy calcium, light calcium, nano-calcium carbonate, kaolin, china clay commonly used in the rubber and plastic industry. , talc and other inorganic fillers.
  • the method of the invention truly realizes the green and high value-added utilization of oil sand tailings raw materials while saving natural mineral resources.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for comprehensively utilizing oil sand tailings raw materials according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a method for comprehensively utilizing oil sand tailings raw materials is provided according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the method includes the following steps:
  • Surface modification is performed on at least a portion of the ultrafinely pulverized oil sand tailings feedstock.
  • the pretreatment includes drying the oil sand tailings raw material by drying equipment so that the water content of the oil sand tailings raw material is lower than 0.5%;
  • the particle size of sand tailings is less than 0.5 mm.
  • the drying equipment includes centrifugal dehydrators, filter presses, flash dryers, spray dryers, fluidized bed dryers, rotary kiln dryers, drum dryers, and tunnel kiln dryers any one or any combination of them.
  • the primary crushing equipment includes any one of a hammer crusher, a cone crusher, an impact crusher and a roller press or any combination thereof.
  • the method before the step of finely pulverizing the pretreated oil sand tailings raw material, the method includes using a magnetic separator to perform magnetic separation on the pretreated oil sand tailings raw material, and magnetically select the iron-rich oil sand tailings raw material Used as raw material for cement.
  • the magnetic separator includes a dry magnetic separator, and the magnetic field strength of the dry magnetic separator is in the range of 0.02-2.0T, such as 1T or 1.5T.
  • the step of finely pulverizing the pretreated oil sand tailings is performed by a finely crushing device including any one of a Raymond mill, a vertical mill, a ring roller mill, a mechanical mill and a ball mill or any combination thereof; the fineness of the finely pulverized oil sand tailings is between 325-1250 mesh, such as 500 mesh, 800 mesh or 1000 mesh.
  • the step of performing ultra-fine pulverization on at least a part of the finely pulverized oil sand tailings raw material is performed by an ultra-fine pulverizing device, wherein the ultra-fine pulverizing device includes a jet mill, a steam mill, a hot air jet mill, Any one of stirring mill and sand mill or any combination thereof; the fineness of the ultra-finely pulverized oil sand tailings is between 1250-12500 mesh, such as 5000 mesh, 8000 mesh or 10000 mesh.
  • the modifier is sprayed into the cavity of the ultra-fine pulverizing equipment to modify the surface of the ultra-finely pulverized oil sand tailings; or the ultra-fine pulverized oil is sprayed in the cavity of the modification equipment Sand tailings for surface modification.
  • the surface modification can be selected according to the type of modifier and the type of ultra-fine pulverizing equipment to be completed by spraying the modifier into the pulverizing cavity during the ultra-fine pulverizing process, or it can be completed in the modification equipment after the ultra-fine pulverizing step. completed within.
  • the modification equipment includes any one of a three-roll modifier, a high-speed mixer and a tower modifier or any combination thereof;
  • the modifier is a silane coupling agent, an aluminate Any of coupling agents, titanate coupling agents, rare earth coupling agents, fatty acids and their salts, polyalcohols, higher alcohols, ammonium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate. one or any combination of them.
  • the dosage of the modifier is 0.01-25% of the powder mass of the oil sand tailings, such as 5%, 10% or 15%; the temperature for surface modification is 50-300°C, such as 100°C , 200°C or 250°C.
  • the particle size of Indonesian oil sand tailings raw material is less than 5mm, and its main chemical composition is shown in Table 1.
  • the adopted processing techniques are drying, magnetic separation, fine pulverization, ultra-fine pulverization and surface modification.
  • the specific preparation process parameters are as follows: First, use a drum dryer to dry the Indonesian oil sand tailings raw material with hot air. The air inlet temperature of the dryer is 190°C and the outlet temperature is 80°C. The dried oil sand tailings raw material contains The amount of water is 0.3%. Then, the dried oil sand tailings were magnetically separated by a dry magnetic separator under a magnetic field strength of 1.5T. The chemical composition of the material after magnetic separation is shown in Table 1.
  • the material after the magnetic separation is ground with a 30-type mechanical mill, and the main engine speed is 3000rpm, and the classifier speed is 1350rpm.
  • A1 was pulverized under the pressure of 0.8Mpa with a fluidized bed jet mill and the rotating speed of the classifier was 1700rpm to obtain the ultra-fine filler A2.
  • a high-speed mixer was used to make 0.4% stearin Acid and 0.5% silane coupling agent (A192) were used as modifiers, and were continuously stirred at 100°C for 15 minutes (min) to obtain modified ultrafine filler A3 (or modified filler A3 for short), and its particle size distribution was as follows shown in Table 2.
  • the particle size of Canadian oil sand tailings raw material is less than 5mm, and its main chemical composition is shown in Table 3.
  • the processing techniques adopted in this embodiment are drying, magnetic separation, fine pulverization, ultra-fine pulverization and surface modification.
  • the specific preparation process parameters are as follows: First, use a fluidized bed dryer to dry the Canadian oil sand tailings raw material with hot air. The air inlet temperature of the dryer is 183°C, and the outlet temperature is 75°C. The water content is 0.3%. Then, the dried oil sand tailings were magnetically separated by a dry magnetic separator at a magnetic field strength of 1.5T. The chemical composition of the material after magnetic separation is shown in Table 3.
  • the magnetically-separated material was milled with a ring roller and finely pulverized at 2700 rpm of the main engine and 1500 rpm of the classifier to obtain 800-mesh filler B1 (the particle size distribution is shown in Table 4). Then, the filler B1 was ultrafinely pulverized with a steam kinetic energy mill under the conditions of a steam pressure of 1.2Mpa and an inner temperature of 180°C, and the classifier rotating speed was 2700rpm to obtain the ultrafine filler B2 (the particle size distribution is shown in the table below). 4 shown).
  • Example 2 Using the fillers A1 and B1 prepared in Example 1 and Example 2, a filling experiment was carried out in styrene-butadiene rubber, and mixed with commercially available 800-mesh light calcium carbonate (1,000 yuan/ton) and 800-mesh calcium carbonate (500 Yuan/ton) for performance comparison.
  • the rubber formula is: styrene-butadiene rubber (100 parts), stearic acid (1 part), sulfur (1.75 parts), zinc oxide (3 parts), accelerator NS (1 part), filler A1, filler B1, light Calcium or heavy calcium (40 servings).
  • the ultrafine filler A2 and modified ultrafine filler A3 prepared in Example 1 a filling experiment was carried out in polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and the performance was carried out with the commercially available 1250 mesh active light calcium carbonate (1200 yuan/ton). Compared.
  • the PVC formula is: PVC (100 parts), calcium stearate (1 part), compound lead (8 parts), stearic acid (2 parts), solid paraffin (2 parts), CPE (4 parts), CPR (1.5 parts) parts), superfine filler A2, modified superfine filler A3 or active light calcium (40 parts).
  • the high-speed mixer is statically heated to 150 °C, pour the prepared PVC and additives into the high-speed mixer, mix and stir for 15 minutes, remove the moisture in the material, add filler and mix and discharge, and then extrude the dried mixture with After being extruded by machine (extrusion temperature 155-170 °C), it is cooled in water, then put into a pulverizer for pulverization, and finally the particles are dried in an oven at 70 °C for 8 hours, and then injected into an injection molding machine at 200 °C. Standard splines for performance testing. The specific performance indicators are shown in Table 6:
  • the EPDM rubber was used to carry out the filling experiment, and the performance was compared with the commercially available nano calcium carbonate (3000 yuan/ton).
  • the rubber formula is: EPDM rubber (100 parts), stearic acid (1.5 parts), sulfur (2.75 parts), zinc oxide (3 parts), accelerator CZ (2 parts), accelerator TMTD (1 part) , superfine filler B2, modified filler B3 or nano calcium carbonate (60 parts), antioxidant RD (2 parts), aromatic oil (8 parts).
  • oil sand tailings treated by the method of the present invention can completely replace heavy calcium carbonate, light calcium carbonate and nano-calcium carbonate of the same fineness in the field of rubber and plastic fillers, and The effect is better after sex, and the method of the invention has universal applicability to oil sand tailings of different origins.

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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for comprehensively using an oil sand tailing raw material. The method comprises the following steps: pretreating an oil sand tailing raw material, so that the oil sand tailing raw material has predetermined water content and a particle size; finely crushing the pretreated oil sand tailing raw material; performing ultrafine crushing on at least part of the finely crushed oil sand tailing raw material; and performing surface modification on at least part of the oil sand tailing raw material subjected to ultrafine crushing.

Description

综合利用油砂尾砂原料的方法Method for comprehensive utilization of oil sand tailings raw materials 技术领域technical field
本发明属于工业固体废弃物绿色资源化利用领域，尤其涉及一种综合利用油砂尾砂原料的方法。The invention belongs to the field of green resource utilization of industrial solid waste, and in particular relates to a method for comprehensively utilizing oil sand tailings raw materials.
背景技术Background technique
在全球石油资源紧缺的时代背景下，油砂作为一种非常规能源，以其分布广泛、储量大、含油率高、开采方便等优点，已经成为重要的补充能源。随着油砂开采及分离技术日臻完善，油砂油的生产成本不断降低，产量也大幅提升。仅加拿大2020年的产量就高达270万桶/日，预计到2030年将会达到400万桶/日。油砂尾砂是油砂分离后剩余的固体颗粒物质，每生产1吨油砂油就会产生3-15吨油砂尾砂。因受油砂分离工艺的限制，油砂中含有少量沥青等重油类物质，大量的尾砂堆积不仅大量占用土地、污染环境，也是对资源的一种浪费。油砂制油企业急需关键技术对油砂尾砂加以综合利用。In the era of global shortage of petroleum resources, oil sands, as an unconventional energy source, has become an important supplementary energy source due to its wide distribution, large reserves, high oil content, and convenient exploitation. With the improvement of oil sands extraction and separation technology, the production cost of oil sands oil has been continuously reduced, and the output has also been greatly increased. Canada alone produced 2.7 million bpd in 2020 and is expected to reach 4 million bpd by 2030. Oil sand tailings are the solid particulate matter remaining after oil sand separation, and 3-15 tons of oil sand tailings are produced for every 1 ton of oil sands oil produced. Due to the limitation of the oil sand separation process, the oil sand contains a small amount of asphalt and other heavy oil substances. The accumulation of a large amount of tailings not only occupies a large amount of land and pollutes the environment, but also a waste of resources. Oil sands oil production enterprises urgently need key technologies for comprehensive utilization of oil sand tailings.
油砂尾砂颜色为黑色或灰黑色，其主要成分根据产地不同有所差异，印尼油砂尾砂主要成分以CaCO 3为主，而加拿大和中国内蒙油砂尾砂主要由石英砂和黏土矿物构成，除此之外还有少量的氧化铁、氧化钛等。目前，油砂尾砂除堆存外，还可以用于制备半水石膏、脱汞吸附剂、外墙腻子、水玻璃、免烧砖等。 The color of oil sand tailings is black or gray-black, and its main components vary according to different origins. The main components of Indonesian oil sand tailings are CaCO 3 , while those in Canada and China Inner Mongolia are mainly composed of quartz sand and clay minerals. In addition, there are a small amount of iron oxide, titanium oxide, etc. At present, in addition to stockpiling, oil sand tailings can also be used to prepare hemihydrate gypsum, mercury removal adsorbents, exterior wall putty, water glass, non-burning bricks, etc.
但现有技术都面临着各自的技术难题，比如生产脱汞剂需要进行高能耗的煅烧和排放大量温室气体二氧化碳；生产脱硫石膏和水玻璃，都会产生大量废水、废渣造成二次污染，与常用制备工艺相比也不具备成本优势；而生产外墙腻子和免烧砖产品附加值低，对资源是一种浪费。However, the existing technologies all face their own technical difficulties. For example, the production of mercury remover requires high energy consumption calcination and the emission of a large amount of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide; the production of desulfurized gypsum and water glass will produce a large amount of waste water and waste residue, causing secondary pollution. Compared with the preparation process, there is no cost advantage; and the production of exterior wall putty and non-burning brick products has low added value, which is a waste of resources.
随着经济的发展，自然资源的节约和环境保护已经成为各国发展中面临的重要问题。如何节约和资源化利用不可再生天然矿产资源和寻找有效的替代品，已经成为摆在矿物加工企业面前的大难题。With the development of economy, conservation of natural resources and environmental protection have become important issues faced by countries in their development. How to save and recycle non-renewable natural mineral resources and find effective substitutes has become a big problem for mineral processing enterprises.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
鉴于上述的油砂尾砂综合利用方面存在的问题，本发明提供一种综合利用油砂尾砂原料的方法，能够针对油砂尾砂的矿物特性，实现对多种油砂尾砂的绿色高值化利用，该方法普适性好，对多种油砂尾砂都能进行综合利用。In view of the problems existing in the comprehensive utilization of the above-mentioned oil sand tailings, the present invention provides a method for comprehensive utilization of oil sand tailings raw materials, which can realize the green high-efficiency treatment of various oil sand tailings according to the mineral properties of the oil sand tailings. This method has good universality and can be comprehensively utilized for a variety of oil sand tailings.
本发明的发明人认识到：油砂尾砂本身属于天然矿物，在提油过程中经过了高温、碱处理或有机溶液萃取等流程后，具有疏松多孔、易粉碎、物化性质稳定等特点。另外油砂尾砂表面会残留部分有机组分，使其与高分子材料相容性较好。因此，认为油砂尾砂具备替代钙粉、高岭土、滑石粉等天然矿物，用于生产复合材料用填料的潜力。The inventors of the present invention realized that the oil sand tailings themselves are natural minerals, and after high temperature, alkali treatment or organic solution extraction and other processes during the oil extraction process, they have the characteristics of looseness and porosity, easy crushing, and stable physicochemical properties. In addition, some organic components will remain on the surface of oil sand tailings, which makes it more compatible with polymer materials. Therefore, it is considered that oil sand tailings have the potential to replace calcium powder, kaolin, talc and other natural minerals for the production of fillers for composite materials.
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种综合利用油砂尾砂原料的方法，所述方法包括原矿预处理、磁选、细粉碎、超细粉碎和表面改性五个步骤中的至少一些步骤：According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for comprehensive utilization of oil sand tailings raw materials, the method comprising at least some of the five steps of raw ore pretreatment, magnetic separation, fine pulverization, ultrafine pulverization and surface modification :
(1)预处理：所述预处理包括干燥和粗破碎两段工艺。所述干燥步骤是通过干燥设备对含水量超过0.5％的油砂尾砂进行干燥。所述粗破碎是通过粗碎设备对粒度大于0.5mm的油砂尾砂进行粉碎。所述预处理可以根据油砂尾砂的实际含水量和粒度大小，合理组合干燥和粗碎工艺。(1) Pretreatment: The pretreatment includes two-stage processes of drying and coarse crushing. The drying step is to dry the oil sand tailings with a moisture content of more than 0.5% by drying equipment. The coarse crushing is to crush the oil sand tailings with a particle size larger than 0.5 mm by a coarse crushing device. The pretreatment can reasonably combine drying and coarse crushing processes according to the actual water content and particle size of the oil sand tailings.
(2)磁选：利用磁选机对预处理后的物料进行磁选。磁选后的物料进行下一步细粉碎，磁选出的富铁尾矿可作为生产水泥的原料。当预处理后物料中的铁含量较低时，可以省去磁选步骤。(2) Magnetic separation: use a magnetic separator to perform magnetic separation on the pretreated materials. The magnetically separated materials are finely pulverized in the next step, and the magnetically separated iron-rich tailings can be used as raw materials for cement production. When the iron content in the pretreated material is low, the magnetic separation step can be omitted.
(3)细粉碎：选用细碎设备将磁选后的物料粉碎至一定细度，细粉碎后的物料能够作为用于橡胶和塑料行业的无机填充料。(3) Fine pulverization: Use fine pulverizing equipment to pulverize the magnetically separated materials to a certain fineness, and the finely pulverized materials can be used as inorganic fillers for the rubber and plastic industries.
(4)超细粉碎：选用超细粉碎设备将细粉碎后的物料超细粉碎至一定细度，超细粉碎后的物料可以作为用于橡塑领域的超细填料，也可以根据需要进行表面改性。(4) Ultrafine pulverization: Ultrafine pulverization equipment is used to ultrafinely pulverize the finely pulverized materials to a certain fineness. The ultrafinely pulverized materials can be used as ultrafine fillers in the field of rubber and plastics, and can also be used for surface treatment as required. modified.
(5)表面改性：通过合适的改性设备，选择合适的改性剂及用量，在一定条件下对超细粉碎后的物料进行表面处理，制得改性后的填料作为用于橡胶和塑料行业的改性填料。(5) Surface modification: through suitable modification equipment, select the appropriate modifier and dosage, and perform surface treatment on the ultra-finely pulverized material under certain conditions, and obtain the modified filler as rubber and Modified fillers for the plastics industry.
综上所述，本发明所述的方法至少具备以下优点中的一个：本发明所述的方法所涉及的生产流程都为纯物理过程，不涉及强酸强碱、高温高压等反应，生产工艺安全、绿色、环保，无三废排放，对不同类型的油砂尾砂适应性较高。通过本方法生产的橡塑填料，分散效果好、与树脂亲和性好、补强性能优越，不同类型的产品可替代当前橡塑行业常用的重钙、轻钙、纳米碳酸钙、高岭土、陶土、滑石等无机填料。本发明的方法在节约天然矿产资源的同时，真正实现对油砂尾砂原料的绿色高附加值利用。To sum up, the method of the present invention has at least one of the following advantages: the production processes involved in the method of the present invention are all pure physical processes, do not involve reactions such as strong acid and alkali, high temperature and high pressure, and the production process is safe , green, environmental protection, no three waste emissions, high adaptability to different types of oil sand tailings. The rubber and plastic filler produced by this method has good dispersion effect, good affinity with resin, and excellent reinforcement performance, and different types of products can replace heavy calcium, light calcium, nano-calcium carbonate, kaolin, china clay commonly used in the rubber and plastic industry. , talc and other inorganic fillers. The method of the invention truly realizes the green and high value-added utilization of oil sand tailings raw materials while saving natural mineral resources.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施方式的技术方案，下面将结合附图和详细实施方式对本发明进行详细说明，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。 其中：In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed embodiments. As far as technical personnel are concerned, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort. in:
图1为根据本发明的一个实施例所述的综合利用油砂尾砂原料的方法的流程图。FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for comprehensively utilizing oil sand tailings raw materials according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
参见图1，根据本发明的实施例提供了一种综合利用油砂尾砂原料的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：1 , a method for comprehensively utilizing oil sand tailings raw materials is provided according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the method includes the following steps:
对油砂尾砂原料进行预处理以使得油砂尾砂原料具有预定的含水量和粒度；pre-treating the oil sand tailings feedstock so that the oil sands tailings feedstock has a predetermined water content and particle size;
细粉碎预处理后的油砂尾砂原料；Finely pulverize the pretreated oil sand tailings raw material;
对细粉碎后的油砂尾砂原料的至少一部分进行超细粉碎；superfinely pulverizing at least a part of the finely pulverized oil sand tailings raw material;
对超细粉碎后的油砂尾砂原料的至少一部分进行表面改性。Surface modification is performed on at least a portion of the ultrafinely pulverized oil sand tailings feedstock.
在一个实施例中，所述预处理包括通过干燥设备对油砂尾砂原料进行干燥使得油砂尾砂原料的含水量低于0.5％；通过粗碎设备对油砂尾砂原料进行粉碎使得油砂尾砂的颗粒粒度小于0.5毫米。In one embodiment, the pretreatment includes drying the oil sand tailings raw material by drying equipment so that the water content of the oil sand tailings raw material is lower than 0.5%; The particle size of sand tailings is less than 0.5 mm.
在一个示例中，所述干燥设备包括离心式脱水机、压滤机、闪蒸干燥机、喷雾干燥机、流化床式干燥机、回转炉干燥机、滚筒式干燥机和隧道窑式干燥机中的任一种或它们的任意组合。所述粗碎设备包括锤式破碎机、圆锥式破碎机、反击式破碎机和辊压机中的任一种或它们的任意组合。In one example, the drying equipment includes centrifugal dehydrators, filter presses, flash dryers, spray dryers, fluidized bed dryers, rotary kiln dryers, drum dryers, and tunnel kiln dryers any one or any combination of them. The primary crushing equipment includes any one of a hammer crusher, a cone crusher, an impact crusher and a roller press or any combination thereof.
另外，在细粉碎预处理后的油砂尾砂原料步骤之前，所述方法包括利用磁选机对预处理后的油砂尾砂原料进行磁选，磁选出富铁的油砂尾砂原料用作水泥原料。In addition, before the step of finely pulverizing the pretreated oil sand tailings raw material, the method includes using a magnetic separator to perform magnetic separation on the pretreated oil sand tailings raw material, and magnetically select the iron-rich oil sand tailings raw material Used as raw material for cement.
优选地，所述磁选机包括干法磁选机，所述干法磁选机的磁场强度的范围在0.02-2.0T，例如1T或1.5T。Preferably, the magnetic separator includes a dry magnetic separator, and the magnetic field strength of the dry magnetic separator is in the range of 0.02-2.0T, such as 1T or 1.5T.
在一个示例中，由细碎设备来执行所述细粉碎预处理后的油砂尾砂的步骤，所述细碎设备包括雷蒙磨、立磨、环辊磨、机械磨和球磨中的任一种或它们的任意组合；细粉碎后的油砂尾砂的细度在325-1250目之间，例如500目、800目或1000目。In one example, the step of finely pulverizing the pretreated oil sand tailings is performed by a finely crushing device including any one of a Raymond mill, a vertical mill, a ring roller mill, a mechanical mill and a ball mill or any combination thereof; the fineness of the finely pulverized oil sand tailings is between 325-1250 mesh, such as 500 mesh, 800 mesh or 1000 mesh.
示例性地，由超细粉碎设备执行所述对细粉碎后的油砂尾砂原料的至少一部分进行超细粉碎的步骤，所述超细粉碎设备包括气流磨、蒸汽磨、热空气气流磨、搅拌磨和砂磨机中的任一种或它们的任意组合；超细粉碎的油砂尾砂的细度在1250-12500目之间，例如5000目、8000目或10000目。Exemplarily, the step of performing ultra-fine pulverization on at least a part of the finely pulverized oil sand tailings raw material is performed by an ultra-fine pulverizing device, wherein the ultra-fine pulverizing device includes a jet mill, a steam mill, a hot air jet mill, Any one of stirring mill and sand mill or any combination thereof; the fineness of the ultra-finely pulverized oil sand tailings is between 1250-12500 mesh, such as 5000 mesh, 8000 mesh or 10000 mesh.
在一个示例中，将改性剂喷到超细粉碎设备的腔体中对超细粉碎后的油砂尾砂进行表面改性；或者在改性设备的腔体中对超细粉碎后的油砂尾砂进行表面改性。所述表面改性可根据改性剂型号和超细粉碎设备的种类而选择成在超细粉碎过程中将改性剂喷到粉碎腔内完成，也可在超细粉碎步骤后在改性设备内完成。In one example, the modifier is sprayed into the cavity of the ultra-fine pulverizing equipment to modify the surface of the ultra-finely pulverized oil sand tailings; or the ultra-fine pulverized oil is sprayed in the cavity of the modification equipment Sand tailings for surface modification. The surface modification can be selected according to the type of modifier and the type of ultra-fine pulverizing equipment to be completed by spraying the modifier into the pulverizing cavity during the ultra-fine pulverizing process, or it can be completed in the modification equipment after the ultra-fine pulverizing step. completed within.
在一个示例中，所述改性设备包括三辊改性机、高速搅拌机和塔式改性机中的任一种或它们的任意组合；所述改性剂为硅烷偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、稀土偶联剂、脂肪酸及其盐、聚醇类物质、高级醇类、聚丙烯酸铵、聚丙烯酸钠、六偏磷酸钠和三聚磷酸钠中的任一种或它们的任意组合。In one example, the modification equipment includes any one of a three-roll modifier, a high-speed mixer and a tower modifier or any combination thereof; the modifier is a silane coupling agent, an aluminate Any of coupling agents, titanate coupling agents, rare earth coupling agents, fatty acids and their salts, polyalcohols, higher alcohols, ammonium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate. one or any combination of them.
具体地，改性剂的用量为油砂尾砂的粉体质量的0.01-25％，例如5％、10％或15％；所述进行表面改性的温度为50-300℃，例如100℃、200℃或250℃。Specifically, the dosage of the modifier is 0.01-25% of the powder mass of the oil sand tailings, such as 5%, 10% or 15%; the temperature for surface modification is 50-300°C, such as 100°C , 200°C or 250°C.
以下提供了几个具体的实施例来详细说明本发明的方法的各个步骤，显然，本发明的技术方案不限于下述提供的实施例的限制。Several specific examples are provided below to describe in detail each step of the method of the present invention. Obviously, the technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the limitations of the examples provided below.
实施例1Example 1
印尼油砂尾砂原料的粒度小于5mm，其主要化学组成如表1所示。在本实施例中，采用的加工工艺为干燥、磁选、细粉碎、超细粉碎和表面改性。具体制备工艺参数如下：首先利用选用滚筒式干燥机，用热风对印尼油砂尾砂原料进行干燥，干燥机进风口温度为190℃，出口温度为80℃，干燥后的油砂尾砂原料含水量为0.3％。然后用干法磁选机在1.5T的磁场强度下对干燥后的油砂尾砂进行磁选，磁选后的物料化学组成如表1所示。将磁选后的物料用30型机械磨，在主机转速3000rpm，分级机转速为1350rpm下进行细粉碎，制得800目填充料A1(粒度分布如表2所示)，然后将800目填充料A1用流化床式气流磨在0.8Mpa压力下，分级机转速为1700rpm下粉碎，制得超细填料A2，最后对于超细粉碎后的物料的一部分，利用高速搅拌机，以0.4％的硬脂酸和0.5％的硅烷偶联剂(A192)为改性剂，在100℃下连续搅拌15分钟(min)，制得改性超细填料A3(或简称改性填料A3)，其粒度分布如表2所示。The particle size of Indonesian oil sand tailings raw material is less than 5mm, and its main chemical composition is shown in Table 1. In this embodiment, the adopted processing techniques are drying, magnetic separation, fine pulverization, ultra-fine pulverization and surface modification. The specific preparation process parameters are as follows: First, use a drum dryer to dry the Indonesian oil sand tailings raw material with hot air. The air inlet temperature of the dryer is 190°C and the outlet temperature is 80°C. The dried oil sand tailings raw material contains The amount of water is 0.3%. Then, the dried oil sand tailings were magnetically separated by a dry magnetic separator under a magnetic field strength of 1.5T. The chemical composition of the material after magnetic separation is shown in Table 1. The material after the magnetic separation is ground with a 30-type mechanical mill, and the main engine speed is 3000rpm, and the classifier speed is 1350rpm. A1 was pulverized under the pressure of 0.8Mpa with a fluidized bed jet mill and the rotating speed of the classifier was 1700rpm to obtain the ultra-fine filler A2. Finally, for a part of the ultra-finely pulverized material, a high-speed mixer was used to make 0.4% stearin Acid and 0.5% silane coupling agent (A192) were used as modifiers, and were continuously stirred at 100°C for 15 minutes (min) to obtain modified ultrafine filler A3 (or modified filler A3 for short), and its particle size distribution was as follows shown in Table 2.
表1磁选后的物料化学组成Table 1 Chemical composition of materials after magnetic separation
Figure PCTCN2021091144-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021091144-appb-000001
表2不同填料粒度分布Table 2 Particle size distribution of different fillers
Figure PCTCN2021091144-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021091144-appb-000002
实施例2Example 2
加拿大油砂尾砂原料的粒度小于5mm，其主要化学组成如表3所示。在本实施例中采用的加工工艺为干燥、磁选、细粉碎、超细粉碎和表面改性。具体制备工艺参数如下：首先利用选用流化床式干燥机，用热风对加拿大油砂尾砂原料进行干燥，干燥机进风口温度为183℃，出口温度为75℃，干燥后的油砂尾砂含水量为0.3％。然后用干法磁选机在1.5T的磁场强度下对干燥后的油砂尾砂进行磁选，磁选后的物料化学组成如表3所示。将磁选后的物料用环辊磨，在主机转速2700rpm，分级机转速为1500rpm下进行细粉碎，制得800目填充料B1(粒度分布如表4所示)。然后用蒸汽动能磨在1.2Mpa蒸汽压力和蒸汽动能磨内温度为180℃的条件下，对填充料B1进行超细粉碎，分级机转速分别为2700rpm，制得超细填料B2(粒度分布如表4所示)。最后，对于超细粉碎后的物料的一部分，将质量分数为1％的硅烷偶联剂(Si69)和质量分数为0.5％的铝酸酯偶联剂，通过雾化喷嘴直接喷入动能蒸汽磨内，进行原位改性制得改性超细填料B3(或简称改性填料B3)，其粒度分布如表4所示。The particle size of Canadian oil sand tailings raw material is less than 5mm, and its main chemical composition is shown in Table 3. The processing techniques adopted in this embodiment are drying, magnetic separation, fine pulverization, ultra-fine pulverization and surface modification. The specific preparation process parameters are as follows: First, use a fluidized bed dryer to dry the Canadian oil sand tailings raw material with hot air. The air inlet temperature of the dryer is 183°C, and the outlet temperature is 75°C. The water content is 0.3%. Then, the dried oil sand tailings were magnetically separated by a dry magnetic separator at a magnetic field strength of 1.5T. The chemical composition of the material after magnetic separation is shown in Table 3. The magnetically-separated material was milled with a ring roller and finely pulverized at 2700 rpm of the main engine and 1500 rpm of the classifier to obtain 800-mesh filler B1 (the particle size distribution is shown in Table 4). Then, the filler B1 was ultrafinely pulverized with a steam kinetic energy mill under the conditions of a steam pressure of 1.2Mpa and an inner temperature of 180°C, and the classifier rotating speed was 2700rpm to obtain the ultrafine filler B2 (the particle size distribution is shown in the table below). 4 shown). Finally, for a part of the ultra-finely pulverized material, the mass fraction of 1% silane coupling agent (Si69) and the mass fraction of 0.5% aluminate coupling agent were directly sprayed into the kinetic energy steam mill through the atomizing nozzle. In-situ modification was carried out to obtain modified ultrafine filler B3 (or modified filler B3 for short), and its particle size distribution was shown in Table 4.
表3物料化学组成Table 3 Chemical composition of materials
Figure PCTCN2021091144-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2021091144-appb-000003
表4不同填料粒度分布Table 4 Particle size distribution of different fillers
Figure PCTCN2021091144-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021091144-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021091144-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2021091144-appb-000005
实施例3Example 3
利用实施例1和实施例2中制备的填充料A1和B1，在丁苯橡胶中进行填充实验，并与市售800目轻质碳酸钙(1000元/吨)和800目质碳酸钙(500元/吨)进行性能对比。橡胶配方为：丁苯橡胶(100份)、硬脂酸(1份)、硫磺(1.75份)，氧化锌(3份)，促进剂NS(1份)，填充料A1、填充料B1、轻钙或重钙(40份)。采用1段混炼工艺将配方中原料依次加入密炼机混合均匀，然后在开炼机中打三角包3次，薄通3次，放置6小时(h)后，用平板硫化仪在15Mpa压力下，硫化处理17min，硫化成型放置24h后测试性能指标。具体性能指标如表5所示：Using the fillers A1 and B1 prepared in Example 1 and Example 2, a filling experiment was carried out in styrene-butadiene rubber, and mixed with commercially available 800-mesh light calcium carbonate (1,000 yuan/ton) and 800-mesh calcium carbonate (500 Yuan/ton) for performance comparison. The rubber formula is: styrene-butadiene rubber (100 parts), stearic acid (1 part), sulfur (1.75 parts), zinc oxide (3 parts), accelerator NS (1 part), filler A1, filler B1, light Calcium or heavy calcium (40 servings). Using a 1-stage mixing process, the raw materials in the formula are sequentially added to the internal mixer and mixed evenly, and then the triangular bag is punched 3 times in the open mixer, and the thin pass is 3 times. Under the vulcanization treatment for 17 minutes, the performance indicators were tested after the vulcanization molding was placed for 24 hours. The specific performance indicators are shown in Table 5:
表5填充料A1和轻钙性能对比表Table 5 Performance comparison table of filler A1 and light calcium
Figure PCTCN2021091144-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2021091144-appb-000006
实施例4Example 4
利用实施例1中制备的超细填料A2和改性超细填料A3，在聚氯乙烯(PVC)中进行填充实验，并与市售1250目的活性轻质碳酸钙(1200元/吨)进行性能对比。PVC配方为：PVC(100份)、硬脂酸钙(1份)、复合铅(8份)，硬脂酸(2份)，固体石蜡(2份)，CPE(4份)，CPR(1.5份)，超细填料A2、改性超细填料A3或活性轻钙(40份)。高速搅拌机静态升温至150℃后，将配好的PVC及助剂倒入高速搅拌机内混合搅拌15min并除去物 料内的水分，再加入填充剂混合后出料，然后将干燥的混合物料用挤出机(挤出温度155-170℃)挤出后，在水中冷却，接着放入粉碎机里粉碎，最后将粒子置于70℃的烘箱中烘干8h，然后在200℃的注塑机中注射成标准样条，进行性能测试。具体性能指标如表6所示：Using the ultrafine filler A2 and modified ultrafine filler A3 prepared in Example 1, a filling experiment was carried out in polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and the performance was carried out with the commercially available 1250 mesh active light calcium carbonate (1200 yuan/ton). Compared. The PVC formula is: PVC (100 parts), calcium stearate (1 part), compound lead (8 parts), stearic acid (2 parts), solid paraffin (2 parts), CPE (4 parts), CPR (1.5 parts) parts), superfine filler A2, modified superfine filler A3 or active light calcium (40 parts). After the high-speed mixer is statically heated to 150 °C, pour the prepared PVC and additives into the high-speed mixer, mix and stir for 15 minutes, remove the moisture in the material, add filler and mix and discharge, and then extrude the dried mixture with After being extruded by machine (extrusion temperature 155-170 ℃), it is cooled in water, then put into a pulverizer for pulverization, and finally the particles are dried in an oven at 70 ℃ for 8 hours, and then injected into an injection molding machine at 200 ℃. Standard splines for performance testing. The specific performance indicators are shown in Table 6:
表6不同类型填料填充性能对比表Table 6 Comparison table of filling performance of different types of fillers
Figure PCTCN2021091144-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2021091144-appb-000007
实施例5Example 5
利用实施例2中制备的超细填料B2和和改性填料B3，在电缆配方中，利用三元乙丙橡胶进行填充实验，并与市售纳米碳酸钙(3000元/吨)进行性能对比。橡胶配方为：三元乙丙橡胶(100份)、硬脂酸(1.5份)、硫磺(2.75份)，氧化锌(3份)，促进剂CZ(2份)，促进剂TMTD(1份)，超细填料B2、改性填料B3或纳米碳酸钙(60份)，防老剂RD(2份)，芳烃油(8份)。采用1段混炼工艺将配方中原料依次加入密炼机混合均匀，然后在开炼机中打三角包3次，薄通3次，放置6h后，利用平板硫化仪在15Mpa压力下，硫化处理30min，硫化成型放置24h后测试性能指标。具体性能指标如表7所示：Using the ultrafine filler B2 and modified filler B3 prepared in Example 2, in the cable formulation, the EPDM rubber was used to carry out the filling experiment, and the performance was compared with the commercially available nano calcium carbonate (3000 yuan/ton). The rubber formula is: EPDM rubber (100 parts), stearic acid (1.5 parts), sulfur (2.75 parts), zinc oxide (3 parts), accelerator CZ (2 parts), accelerator TMTD (1 part) , superfine filler B2, modified filler B3 or nano calcium carbonate (60 parts), antioxidant RD (2 parts), aromatic oil (8 parts). Using a 1-stage mixing process, the raw materials in the formula are sequentially added to the internal mixer to mix evenly, and then the triangular bag is punched 3 times in the open mixer, and the thin pass is 3 times. 30min, and vulcanization molding was placed for 24h to test the performance index. The specific performance indicators are shown in Table 7:
表7超细填料B2、改性填料B3和高岭土性能对比表Table 7 Performance comparison table of ultrafine filler B2, modified filler B3 and kaolin
Figure PCTCN2021091144-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2021091144-appb-000008
通过上述五个实施例可以明显看出，通过本发明的方法处理的油砂尾砂在橡塑填料领域 可以完全替代同等细度的重质碳酸钙、轻质碳酸钙和纳米碳酸钙，而改性后的效果更佳，而且该发明的方法对不同产地的油砂尾砂具有普适性。It can be clearly seen from the above five examples that the oil sand tailings treated by the method of the present invention can completely replace heavy calcium carbonate, light calcium carbonate and nano-calcium carbonate of the same fineness in the field of rubber and plastic fillers, and The effect is better after sex, and the method of the invention has universal applicability to oil sand tailings of different origins.
虽然本总体发明构思的一些实施例已被显示和说明，本领域普通技术人员将理解，在不背离本总体发明构思的原则和精神的情况下，可对这些实施例做出改变，本发明的范围以权利要求和它们的等同物限定。Although some embodiments of the present general inventive concept have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that The scope is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (12)

  1. 一种综合利用油砂尾砂原料的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：A method for comprehensively utilizing oil sand tailings raw materials, the method comprises the following steps:
    对油砂尾砂原料进行预处理以使得油砂尾砂原料具有预定的含水量和粒度；pre-treating the oil sand tailings feedstock so that the oil sands tailings feedstock has a predetermined water content and particle size;
    细粉碎预处理后的油砂尾砂原料；Finely pulverize the pretreated oil sand tailings raw material;
    对细粉碎后的油砂尾砂原料的至少一部分进行超细粉碎；superfinely pulverizing at least a part of the finely pulverized oil sand tailings raw material;
    对超细粉碎后的油砂尾砂原料的至少一部分进行表面改性。Surface modification is performed on at least a portion of the ultrafinely pulverized oil sand tailings feedstock.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述预处理包括通过干燥设备对油砂尾砂原料进行干燥使得油砂尾砂原料的含水量低于0.5％；和The method of claim 1, wherein the pretreatment comprises drying the oil sands tailings feedstock by drying equipment such that the oil sands tailings feedstock has a moisture content of less than 0.5%; and
    通过粗碎设备对油砂尾砂原料进行粉碎使得油砂尾砂的颗粒粒度小于0.5毫米。The oil sand tailings raw material is crushed by the coarse crushing equipment so that the particle size of the oil sand tailings is less than 0.5 mm.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述干燥设备包括离心式脱水机、压滤机、闪蒸干燥机、喷雾干燥机、流化床式干燥机、回转炉干燥机、滚筒式干燥机和隧道窑式干燥机中的任一种或它们的任意组合；The method according to claim 2, wherein the drying equipment comprises a centrifugal dehydrator, a filter press, a flash dryer, a spray dryer, a fluidized bed dryer, a rotary kiln dryer, and a drum dryer and tunnel kiln dryer or any combination of them;
    所述粗碎设备包括锤式破碎机、圆锥式破碎机、反击式破碎机和辊压机中的任一种或它们的任意组合。The primary crushing equipment includes any one of a hammer crusher, a cone crusher, an impact crusher and a roller press or any combination thereof.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在细粉碎预处理后的油砂尾砂原料步骤之前，所述方法包括利用磁选机对预处理后的油砂尾砂原料进行磁选，磁选出富铁的油砂尾砂原料用作水泥原料。The method according to claim 1, wherein before the step of finely pulverizing the pretreated oil sand tailings raw material, the method comprises using a magnetic separator to perform magnetic separation on the pretreated oil sand tailings raw material, and the magnetic separation The iron-rich oil sand tailings raw materials are used as cement raw materials.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，所述磁选机包括干法磁选机，所述干法磁选机的磁场强度的范围在0.02-2.0T。The method according to claim 4, wherein the magnetic separator comprises a dry magnetic separator, and the magnetic field strength of the dry magnetic separator is in the range of 0.02-2.0T.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，由细碎设备来执行所述细粉碎预处理后的油砂尾砂的步骤，所述细碎设备包括雷蒙磨、立磨、环辊磨、机械磨和球磨中的任一种或它们的任意组合；细粉碎后的油砂尾砂的细度在325-1250目之间。The method of claim 1, wherein the step of finely pulverizing the pretreated oil sand tailings is performed by a finely crushing device comprising a Raymond mill, a vertical mill, a ring roller mill, a mechanical mill and Any one of the ball mills or any combination of them; the fineness of the finely crushed oil sand tailings is between 325-1250 mesh.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，由超细粉碎设备执行所述对细粉碎后的油砂尾 砂原料的至少一部分进行超细粉碎的步骤，所述超细粉碎设备包括气流磨、蒸汽磨、热空气气流磨、搅拌磨和砂磨机中的任一种或它们的任意组合；超细粉碎的油砂尾砂的细度在1250-12500目之间。The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing ultra-fine pulverization on at least a part of the finely pulverized oil sand tailings raw material is performed by an ultra-fine pulverizing device, the ultra-fine pulverizing equipment comprises a jet mill, a steam Any one of mill, hot air jet mill, stirring mill and sand mill or any combination of them; the fineness of ultra-finely pulverized oil sand tailings is between 1250-12500 mesh.
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其中，将改性剂喷到超细粉碎设备的腔体中对超细粉碎后的油砂尾砂进行表面改性。The method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the surface modification of the ultrafinely pulverized oil sand tailings is performed by spraying the modifier into the cavity of the ultrafine pulverizing equipment.
  9. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其中，或者在改性设备的腔体中对超细粉碎后的油砂尾砂进行表面改性。The method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, the superfinely pulverized oil sand tailings are surface-modified or in the cavity of the modification equipment.
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其中，所述改性设备包括三辊改性机、高速搅拌机和塔式改性机中的任一种或它们的任意组合。The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the reforming equipment comprises any one of a three-roll reformer, a high-speed mixer and a tower reformer or any combination thereof.
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述改性剂为硅烷偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、稀土偶联剂、脂肪酸及其盐、聚醇类物质、高级醇类、聚丙烯酸铵、聚丙烯酸钠、六偏磷酸钠和三聚磷酸钠中的任一种或它们的任意组合。The method according to claim 10, wherein the modifier is a silane coupling agent, an aluminate coupling agent, a titanate coupling agent, a rare earth coupling agent, fatty acids and their salts, and polyalcohols , any one of higher alcohols, ammonium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate or any combination thereof.
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述改性剂的用量为油砂尾砂的粉体质量的0.01-25％；所述进行表面改性的温度为50-300℃。The method according to claim 11, wherein the dosage of the modifier is 0.01-25% of the powder mass of the oil sand tailings; the temperature for the surface modification is 50-300°C.
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