WO2022222628A1 - Single cell, packaging film, solar cell module and manufacturing method therefor - Google Patents

Single cell, packaging film, solar cell module and manufacturing method therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022222628A1
WO2022222628A1 PCT/CN2022/079847 CN2022079847W WO2022222628A1 WO 2022222628 A1 WO2022222628 A1 WO 2022222628A1 CN 2022079847 W CN2022079847 W CN 2022079847W WO 2022222628 A1 WO2022222628 A1 WO 2022222628A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cross
film
linked
encapsulation
single cell
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PCT/CN2022/079847
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
孙虎
朱保保
孙俊
李岩
石刚
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通威太阳能（合肥）有限公司
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Publication of WO2022222628A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022222628A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L31/1876—Particular processes or apparatus for batch treatment of the devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of solar cells, and in particular, to a single cell sheet, an encapsulation film, a solar cell assembly, and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • HJT crystalline silicon heterojunction cells
  • the production process of solar modules is to connect the "welding ribbon” and the “monolithic cell” according to the positive and negative electrodes. Among them, the welding ribbon and the battery surface are electrically connected through a welding process.
  • the present disclosure proposes a single cell sheet, an encapsulation film, a solar cell assembly and a method for making the same, thereby improving or even solving the problem of using a welding tape for welding operation when making a solar cell assembly, while ensuring good current collection ability.
  • examples of the present disclosure provide an encapsulation film for fabricating a solar cell assembly.
  • the encapsulating film is a product of a hot-melt material capable of cross-linking.
  • the encapsulation film includes a body portion that is not cross-linked, and a partially cross-linked pre-cross-linked portion formed in a partial region of the body portion.
  • the fluidity of the pre-crosslinked portion is smaller than that of the main body portion.
  • the encapsulation film is made of cross-linkable hot-melt material. Then, it can be melted by heating, and thus has a certain fluidity, so that it can have good filling and bonding properties. At the same time, it can also have certain structural strength and peel strength after cooling. Also, since it can be cross-linked, desired flow and strength properties can also be obtained as required.
  • the encapsulating film When it is applied to make a solar cell module, the encapsulating film is heated to have proper fluidity and is filled in the module. At the same time, the relatively low fluidity of the pre-crosslinked portion enables it to maintain its shape, thereby helping to "firmly” confine the wire on the cell surface in contact with the grid line.
  • the metal wire can be connected to the grid line on the battery surface without welding; that is, the solution of the present disclosure is to make the metal wire and the grid line firmly and stably electrically contact with each other through the extrusion and limiting action of the packaging film.
  • the welding process operation of welding the metal wire and the grid line can be eliminated, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of welding scar, over welding, virtual welding, debris and overflow short circuit that may exist in the welding process.
  • this since no soldering process is used, this also eliminates the detrimental effect of the flux introduced by the soldering operation on the reliability of the assembly.
  • the present disclosure can eliminate the uncertainty factor caused by the welding operation to the performance of the assembly.
  • the cross-linkable hot-melt material mainly includes a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate; and/or the surface of the encapsulation film is attached with a substrate, and the substrate includes glass or a back plate.
  • the number of the pre-crosslinking parts is at least two, and the pre-crosslinking parts are arranged at intervals along a given direction on the body part;
  • the number of pre-cross-linked parts is at least three, and they are arranged in the body part at intervals along a given direction, and the distance between two adjacent pre-cross-linked parts is equal;
  • the crosslinking degree of the pre-crosslinked part is less than or equal to 50%
  • the pre-cross-linking part is incompletely cross-linked by subjecting the material in the bulk state to a cross-linking reaction; optionally, the cross-linking reaction is triggered by irradiation or heating;
  • the fluidity of the pre-cross-linked part is lower than that of the main part, which is shown as: the main body is independently cross-linked, and the integrated pre-cross-linked part and the main part are cross-linked.
  • the minimum torque value of the independent cross-linked body part is 0.1
  • the minimum torque value of the integrated pre-cross-linked part and the body part is 0.3.
  • examples of the present disclosure provide a method of making an encapsulation film.
  • the method includes:
  • Selected regions of the film are cross-linked to form pre-cross-linked portions distributed in the uncross-linked bulk portion of the film, and the pre-cross-linked portions are not fully cross-linked.
  • the method includes, before or after the cross-linking process, performing an operation of adhering the film to an encapsulation sheet, wherein the encapsulation sheet includes glass or a back sheet.
  • making the cross-linkable hot-melt material into a film in a non-cross-linked state includes: dispersing the hot-melt material in a molten state into a film shape by knife coating, spin coating or spraying, and then The hot melt material cools and solidifies into a thin film.
  • the cross-linking treatment of the selected areas of the film includes cross-linking the selected areas of the film using radiation.
  • the cross-linking of selected areas of the film includes: illuminating the surface of the film with one or more linear light sources, by switching the linear light sources on and off, in combination with motion of the linear light sources or motion of the film, to cross-link the selected area.
  • an example of the present disclosure provides a single cell sheet for manufacturing a solar cell module in cooperation with the aforementioned encapsulating film or an encapsulating film obtained by implementing the aforementioned method for fabricating an encapsulating film.
  • the single cell includes:
  • the battery sheet body has grid lines, and the grid lines have connecting sections at both ends and transition sections between the connecting sections at both ends;
  • the glue is formed on the connecting segments at both ends of the grid lines;
  • the metal wire is attached to the transition section of the grid line of the battery body by gluing the connecting sections of the two ends of the grid line by the adhesive body.
  • the cell body is a heterojunction cell.
  • the present disclosure provides a solar cell assembly comprising:
  • the packaging film is laminated on the single cell sheet, and presses the metal wire in the single cell sheet to electrically contact the transition section of the grid line through the area corresponding to the pre-crosslinking portion.
  • the packaging film has two sheets, and the two sheets of packaging film sandwich the battery pack.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of fabricating a solar cell assembly, the method comprising:
  • two encapsulation plates are used to clamp the battery sheet to form a lamination structure
  • At least one of the encapsulation boards includes a light-transmitting substrate and an encapsulation film formed on its surface, the encapsulation film is made of a cross-linkable hot-melt material, and the encapsulation film has an uncross-linked body portion, and an incompletely cross-linked pre-cross-linked portion formed in a partial region of the body portion, and when the encapsulating film is heated, the fluidity of the pre-cross-linked portion is smaller than that of the body portion;
  • the grid lines on the surface of the battery sheet are bonded with metal wires at the ends by gluing, and the metal wires are pressed by the pre-cross-linked area of the encapsulation film to adhere to the grid lines.
  • a method includes thermally laminating a laminate structure.
  • the solar cell assembly provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure does not need to weld the metal wire and the grid line of the battery, thus eliminating the problem caused by the welding operation.
  • the pre-crosslinked part in the encapsulation film by forming the pre-crosslinked part in the encapsulation film, and then using it to clamp the metal wire and the battery sheet, and then thermally lamination, the firm bonding (high peel strength) of each layer is achieved, and the The stable electrical contact between the metal wire and the grid line of the cell is facilitated to collect current.
  • the present disclosure solves the problem that the use of pre-treated adhesive film can not only ensure the peeling performance of the encapsulation adhesive film and other materials, but also solve the problem of metal wire offset during the encapsulation lamination process without using a welding process, and has practical advantages. application prospects.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a matching manner of a metal wire and a battery body in a single cell in an example of the disclosure
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of an encapsulation film in an example of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the vulcanization curve of the film made of the film-forming material and the pre-crosslinked encapsulation film.
  • Icons 100-single cell; 101-cell body; 102-metal wire; 200-encapsulation film; 201-body part; 202-pre-crosslinking part.
  • a single solar cell is usually not directly used as a power source due to factors such as its output voltage. Therefore, when used as a power source, it is necessary to connect several single cells in series and parallel, and then tightly package them into components.
  • the quality of packaging is directly related to the final performance of battery components.
  • An important step in the packaging process is to connect the individual cells in series and parallel.
  • the manufacturing process of solar modules is to connect "soldering ribbons" to multiple “monolithic cells” according to the positive and negative electrodes. That is, one end of the welding ribbon is connected to the positive electrode of the previous single-chip battery, and at the same time, the other end of the welding ribbon is connected to the negative electrode of the following single-chip battery.
  • the welding strip and the electrode of the battery are connected by a welding process—high temperature heating makes the solder on the surface of the welding strip melt and combine with the silver paste for making grid lines on the surface of the battery.
  • the inventor proposes to cancel the welding process. That is, the ribbon is not connected to the electrodes of the battery by welding. Based on this design, in the examples of the present disclosure, an encapsulation film is selected to press the soldering tape on the surface of the battery, so that it is in electrical contact with the electrodes of the battery.
  • the welding tape can be aligned with the electrode of the battery first, then the film is covered, and the film is crimped, so that the welding tape can be combined with the electrode of the battery through the restraint of the film.
  • an encapsulation film is chosen to be used. After the ribbon, cell, and packaging film are aligned, the packaging film "wraps" the ribbon battery so that the ribbon is pressed into contact with the electrodes.
  • the ribbon and the battery are also bonded by means of glue.
  • the conductive glue is selected if the entire welding tape is completely bonded to the electrode by glue. But the electrical conductivity of glue is usually not good enough to affect the collection current.
  • a single cell sheet is proposed, which can be used to realize the fabrication of the above-described solar cell assembly.
  • a single cell 100 includes a cell body 101 and a metal wire 102 .
  • the cell body 101 is a half cell battery as an example.
  • the metal wire 102 is bonded on the battery body 101 by glue; the glue formed by the glue is not shown in FIG. 1 .
  • glue is applied at the pre-selected positions/designated positions of both ends of the cell (cell body 101 ), and then the metal wire is aligned with the grid line of the cell and laid on the surface of the cell, and then After preheating, both ends of the metal wire will be bonded to the surface of the cell; in other words, the glue used is a thermosetting glue.
  • the glue is cured by heating, thereby realizing the bonding of the metal wires.
  • the glue is other curing methods, the corresponding bonding scheme can be selected accordingly. For example, glue is applied at a selected position on the surface of the cell, and then metal wires are laid on the surface of the cell, and then the glue is cured by light.
  • the wire is facing the grid lines (such as busbars) on the surface of the battery.
  • the gate line is distinguished into connecting sections at both ends, and a transition section between the two connecting sections. Therefore, glue is applied to the connecting segment regions of the ends of the grid lines of the cell.
  • the metal wires are arranged and laid along the grid lines along the extension direction of the grid lines, and at the ends of the grid lines, the metal wires are glued and fixed to the battery sheet through glue.
  • Fig. 1 discloses a scheme of laying and bonding metal wires on one surface of the battery sheet, such as the front side/light-receiving surface.
  • the wire may also optionally be bonded on its backside in the same or other manner.
  • double-sided cells such as double-sided heterojunction cells
  • the above-described method can also be used to bond the metal wires.
  • a packaged solar cell can be obtained by using the above-mentioned encapsulation.
  • a battery string formed by a plurality of cells can be formed, and then the plurality of cell strings can be connected in series and parallel as required, so as to be applied to the production of solar energy battery pack.
  • the metal wire 102 can be wrapped on the battery sheet body 101 by using an encapsulation film, so that the metal wire and the grid lines on the battery sheet body 101 are durable and stable. ground electrical contact to collect current.
  • an encapsulation film which is made of a hot-melt material capable of cross-linking (film-forming material for short). That is, it has the property of being cross-linkable, and can also be melted into a liquid when heated to a certain extent, and solidified into a solid when cooled to a certain extent.
  • the manufacturing material of the encapsulation film may be mainly made of EVA.
  • EVA refers to the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, and its structure is as follows:
  • auxiliary agents such as peroxide-based main cross-linking agent, auxiliary cross-linking agent, ultraviolet absorber, silane coupling agent, antioxidant, etc. may also be contained therein. Such materials can be produced in the form of hot melt adhesive films.
  • the encapsulating film is made of a material of the aforementioned type, it can be cross-linked, so that when it is melted by heat, it has been pre-cross-linked and exhibits relatively poorer fluidity than when it is not cross-linked.
  • its cross-linking mode can be realized by the following irradiation mode, for example:
  • the above-mentioned film-forming material is selected to be cured into a thin film, and then it is applied to the selected film-forming material. Pre-crosslinking is performed at the site, so that the pre-crosslinked part is less likely to exhibit high fluidity when heated, thereby obtaining an encapsulation film.
  • the encapsulation film 200 includes a body part 201 and a pre-crosslinking part 202 that are integrally formed.
  • the number, shape, size and arrangement of the pre-crosslinked parts 202 are determined according to the arrangement of the metal wires or grid lines on the surface of the cell, and there is no particular limitation. In Figure 2, five generally rectangular pre-crosslinks 202 are shown; in other examples, the number may be one, two, three, or even more; odd or even, and so on.
  • These pre-crosslinked parts 202 are oriented (eg, parallel) arranged along the width direction of the battery sheet. Also, the distances between two adjacent pre-crosslinked parts 202 are equal.
  • the main body part is a part that is not cross-linked
  • the pre-cross-linking part is a part that is not completely cross-linked. Therefore, during the process in which the encapsulation film 200 is heated and tends to be melted, the fluidity of the body portion is higher than that of the pre-crosslinked portion.
  • the packaging film 200 when the packaging film 200 is crimped to the surface of the single cell sheet 100 to which the metal wire 102 is adhered, the packaging film 200 can achieve a good pressing effect on the metal wire.
  • the encapsulation film 200 is heated and involves a melting process.
  • the body part 201 has better fluidity to fill the pore area and drive out air, while the pre-cross-linked part 202 has better fluidity due to its fluidity. It is relatively poorer and properly maintains its shape, so that the metal wire does not shift relative to the grid line, thereby ensuring stable and firm electrical contact between the metal wire and the grid line.
  • the reason why the pre-crosslinked part is in a state of incomplete crosslinking is based on such a thought. If the pre-crosslinked part is not crosslinked, it will melt due to the heat during the hot pressing process, so that the wire cannot be better restrained, and cause the wire to be offset relative to the grid line, the wire and the grid line. Poor contact reduces the ability to collect current. If the pre-cross-linked part is completely cross-linked, the adhesiveness of the pre-cross-linked part will decrease, so that the peeling strength between the adhesive film and the glass/back sheet/battery sheet will decrease.
  • the degree of crosslinking of the pre-crosslinked portion of the encapsulation film has a considerable influence on the effect that can be achieved. Therefore, in some examples, the crosslinking degree of the pre-crosslinking portion can be selected to be less than or equal to 50%; for example, the crosslinking degree can be less than 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% and so on.
  • the degree of crosslinking can be measured and calculated by a swelling method, a nuclear magnetic resonance method, or the like. Since the degree of cross-linking of the pre-cross-linked portion is related to its fluidity when heated, in some instances, by selectively cross-linking the film formed by the solidification of the film-forming material, it can exhibit the desired fluidity. Performance.
  • the film obtained using the aforementioned film-forming material is directly subjected to a cross-linking reaction (which can be triggered by irradiation or heating) to carry out the cross-linking process
  • its minimum torque value (ML) in the vulcanization curve can be controlled to 0.1dN m.
  • the minimum torque value (ML) in the vulcanization curve can be controlled to 0.3dN after pre-selective pre-crosslinking of the film obtained by using the aforementioned film-forming material, and then during the cross-linking process. ⁇ m.
  • the results are shown in Fig. 3. Therefore, according to such an experiment, it was confirmed that the fluidity was changed and significantly decreased after the pre-crosslinking treatment.
  • the method includes:
  • Step 1 Making the cross-linkable hot-melt material into a non-cross-linked film.
  • the film can be dispersed into a film shape by means of blade coating, spin coating, spraying, etc. in a molten state (such as liquid or melt) of the hot-melt material, and then it is cooled and solidified into a film.
  • a molten state such as liquid or melt
  • Step 2 performing cross-linking treatment on selected regions of the film, thereby forming pre-cross-linked parts distributed in the uncross-linked body part of the film, and the pre-cross-linked parts are not completely cross-linked.
  • the method of cross-linking treatment varies according to the type and composition of the material, which is not specifically limited in the present disclosure.
  • the ionization and excitation of polymers are induced by means of high energy or ionizing radiation or heating, and macromolecular free radicals are generated to realize the cross-linked network between polymers.
  • the selective cross-linking treatment is carried out by means of irradiation.
  • the surface of the film is illuminated with a linear light source (eg, having a length approximately equivalent to the length of a wire, and a width equivalent thereto).
  • a plurality of linear light sources as described above can be used to illuminate the surface of the film at the same time, or one linear light source can be used to control the on-off of the film, and combined with the movement of the light source or the movement of the film, to achieve cross-linking treatment of selected areas.
  • a mask with a specific pattern can be covered on the surface of the film, and then the surface of the film can be directly irradiated by a surface light source. The patterned areas of the mask are hollowed out to allow light to hit the surface of the film for selective crosslinking.
  • an encapsulation film may be bonded to a flat encapsulation sheet structure, thereby forming an encapsulation film with an encapsulation sheet.
  • a laminated structure is constituted by the encapsulation film and the encapsulation plate. Therefore, in the method of manufacturing the encapsulation film, it may further include: before or after the cross-linking treatment, performing an operation of adhering the film to the encapsulation board.
  • the film-forming material is blade-coated on the surface of the encapsulation board in a manner such as a slurry to solidify into a thin-film structure, and then cross-linking treatment is performed. Or, after crosslinking the produced film, it is bonded to the surface of the sealing plate.
  • the encapsulation plate can be a light-transmitting material, such as a light-transmitting plate, such as a glass plate; or, the encapsulating plate can be a solar cell back plate, such as a TPT plate.
  • the above solution is implemented to obtain single cell sheets bonded with metal wires, and then multiple cell sheets are connected in series through metal wires to form a battery string. Then, the aforementioned encapsulation film can be used for encapsulation to obtain a battery assembly.
  • a solar cell can be obtained using the above-described cell sheet and encapsulating film. It includes an encapsulation film and a single cell sheet. Wherein, the encapsulation film is laminated on the single cell sheet, and the metal wire in the single cell sheet is extruded and electrically contacted with the transition section of the grid line through the area corresponding to the pre-crosslinking portion.
  • all the single cell sheets can be connected in series and/or parallel to form a battery pack.
  • the number of encapsulation films may be one or two.
  • the packaging film has two sheets, and the two sheets of packaging film sandwich the battery pack. In other words, at least one encapsulation film can be used for encapsulation when preparing the solar cell module.
  • the battery sheet and the two encapsulation boards with the above-mentioned structure are fabricated by the aforementioned methods or other methods, respectively. Then, in a stacked manner, the battery sheets are sandwiched by two packaging plates to form a stacked structure.
  • the manufacturing method may further include: thermally laminating the laminated structure. The heat during the lamination process can bond the encapsulation films together in the two-layer encapsulation board. During the thermal lamination process, the melted encapsulation film will flow to fill the gap between the two substrates of the encapsulation board (such as glass and TPT backplane), and remove the air holes in the middle, while tightly bonding the battery, glass, and backplane in one. Subsequent to solidification as the temperature is gradually lowered, thereby curing, the assembly can be obtained.
  • the two substrates of the encapsulation board such as glass and TPT backplane
  • the maximum offset of the metal wire can be obtained to be 0.1 mm.
  • the maximum offset of the wire offset refers to the offset of the wire from the fixed position of the center (for example, the line of symmetry in the length direction of the rectangular grid line corresponding to the wire).
  • the peel strength between the packaging film and the battery sheet can reach 45N. Select other types of film-forming materials to make the packaging film, make the battery module according to the above method, and carry out the test. strength is 25N) and 3.2mm (peel strength is 18N).
  • this solution adopts the modified film treatment method (specialized pretreatment in the film area near the metal wire), so as to avoid the problem that the battery needs to be welded during the packaging process.
  • the problem of wire offset that may be caused by unwelding is also greatly improved, and the bonding strength of the wire and the battery is greatly improved.
  • the scheme is simple, easy to implement, and beneficial to industrialized production.
  • the terms “arranged”, “installed”, “connected” and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication between the two components.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be understood in specific situations.

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Abstract

A single cell, a packaging film, a solar cell module and a manufacturing method therefor, belonging to the field of solar cells. The packaging film is a finished product of a hot melt material capable of crosslinking. The packaging film comprises a body portion that is not crosslinked, and a pre-crosslinking portion that is not completely crosslinked and formed in a partial region in the body portion. When the packaging film is heated, the fluidity of the pre-crosslinking portion is less than the fluidity of the body portion. By utilizing the packaging film, the problem of welding operation can be avoided, and meanwhile, the offset problem of metal wires on the cell surface in the assembly of the solar cell can be avoided.

Description

一种单电池片、封装膜、太阳能电池组件及其制作方法A single cell, encapsulation film, solar cell module and manufacturing method thereof
相关申请的交叉引用CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
本公开要求于2021年4月23日提交中国国家知识产权局的申请号为202110442002.6、名称为“一种单电池片、封装膜、太阳能电池组件及其制作方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。This disclosure claims the priority of the Chinese patent application with the application number 202110442002.6 and titled "A Single Cell Sheet, Encapsulation Film, Solar Cell Module and Method of Making the same" filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on April 23, 2021, The entire contents of which are incorporated by reference in this disclosure.
技术领域technical field
本公开涉及太阳能电池领域，具体而言，涉及一种单电池片、封装膜、太阳能电池组件及其制作方法。The present disclosure relates to the field of solar cells, and in particular, to a single cell sheet, an encapsulation film, a solar cell assembly, and a manufacturing method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
太阳能发电是一种绿色环保的能源技术，近几年发展迅速，且各种新型技术层出不穷。其中，晶体硅异质结电池(HJT)具备结构对称、低温制造工艺、高开压电路特性、温度特性好等优异特点。Solar power generation is a green and environmentally friendly energy technology, which has developed rapidly in recent years, and various new technologies have emerged one after another. Among them, crystalline silicon heterojunction cells (HJT) have excellent characteristics such as structural symmetry, low-temperature manufacturing process, high open-voltage circuit characteristics, and good temperature characteristics.
考虑到单个电池的输出电压等电学性能，一般通过将多个电池组装为电池组件进行使用。太阳能组件制作过程是：将“焊带”与“单片电池”按照正负极连接起来。其中，焊带与电池面是通过焊接的工艺进行电性连接。Considering the electrical properties such as the output voltage of a single battery, it is generally used by assembling a plurality of batteries into a battery pack. The production process of solar modules is to connect the "welding ribbon" and the "monolithic cell" according to the positive and negative electrodes. Among them, the welding ribbon and the battery surface are electrically connected through a welding process.
但是，高温加热使焊带表面的焊锡熔化，并于与电池表面的银浆相连。并且，在焊接过程中会存在焊疤、过焊、虚焊、碎片以及溢边短路等现象。同时，又由于在此期间引入了助焊剂，从而会增大组件可靠性的不确定性因素。However, high temperature heating melts the solder on the surface of the ribbon and connects with the silver paste on the surface of the battery. In addition, during the welding process, there will be welding scars, over welding, virtual welding, debris and overflow short circuit. At the same time, due to the introduction of flux during this period, it will increase the uncertainty factor of component reliability.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本公开提出了一种单电池片、封装膜、太阳能电池组件及其制作方法，从而达到了改善、甚至解决制作太阳能电池组件时使用焊带进行焊接操作的问题，同时还能确保好的电流收集能力。The present disclosure proposes a single cell sheet, an encapsulation film, a solar cell assembly and a method for making the same, thereby improving or even solving the problem of using a welding tape for welding operation when making a solar cell assembly, while ensuring good current collection ability.
本公开是这样实现的：This disclosure is implemented as follows:
在本公开的一些示例性实施方式中，本公开的示例提供了一种用于制作太阳能电池组件的封装膜。In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of the present disclosure provide an encapsulation film for fabricating a solar cell assembly.
该封装膜是能够发生交联的热熔性材料的制成品。从结构上而言，封装膜包括未予以交联的本体部、以及形成于本体部中的部分区域的非完全交联的预交联部。并且封装膜在受热时，预交联部的流动性小于本体部的流动性。The encapsulating film is a product of a hot-melt material capable of cross-linking. Structurally, the encapsulation film includes a body portion that is not cross-linked, and a partially cross-linked pre-cross-linked portion formed in a partial region of the body portion. In addition, when the encapsulating film is heated, the fluidity of the pre-crosslinked portion is smaller than that of the main body portion.
由于封装膜是采用能够交联的热熔性材料制作而成。那么，其可以通过加热而融化，并因此具有一定的流动性，从而可以具有好的填充和粘接性能。同时，其还能在冷却后具有一定的结构强度和剥离强度。并且，由于其可以进行交联，从而也可以根据需要获得需要的流动和强度特性。Because the encapsulation film is made of cross-linkable hot-melt material. Then, it can be melted by heating, and thus has a certain fluidity, so that it can have good filling and bonding properties. At the same time, it can also have certain structural strength and peel strength after cooling. Also, since it can be cross-linked, desired flow and strength properties can also be obtained as required.
将其应用于制作太阳能电池组件时，封装膜受热而具有适当的流动性，在组件中进行填充。同时，预交联部分的相对低的流动性，使其能够保持其形态，从而有助于将电池表面的金属丝“牢固地”限制在与栅线接触的状态。When it is applied to make a solar cell module, the encapsulating film is heated to have proper fluidity and is filled in the module. At the same time, the relatively low fluidity of the pre-crosslinked portion enables it to maintain its shape, thereby helping to "firmly" confine the wire on the cell surface in contact with the grid line.
如此，金属丝不需要通过焊接的方式就可以与电池表面的栅线连接；即本公开方案是通过封装膜的挤压、限位作用，使金属丝与栅线牢固、稳定地电性接触。这样就可以去除将金属丝与栅线焊接的焊接工艺操作，从而避免焊接过程中会存在的焊疤、过焊、虚焊、碎片以及溢边短路等现象。同时，由于未使用焊接工艺，因此这也消除了因焊接操作所需要引入的助焊剂对组件可靠性的不利影响。换言之，本公开方案可以消除焊接操作对组件性能的所造成的不确定性因素。In this way, the metal wire can be connected to the grid line on the battery surface without welding; that is, the solution of the present disclosure is to make the metal wire and the grid line firmly and stably electrically contact with each other through the extrusion and limiting action of the packaging film. In this way, the welding process operation of welding the metal wire and the grid line can be eliminated, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of welding scar, over welding, virtual welding, debris and overflow short circuit that may exist in the welding process. At the same time, since no soldering process is used, this also eliminates the detrimental effect of the flux introduced by the soldering operation on the reliability of the assembly. In other words, the present disclosure can eliminate the uncertainty factor caused by the welding operation to the performance of the assembly.
根据本公开的一些示例，能够发生交联的热熔性材料主要包括乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯的共聚物；和/或，封装膜的表面贴合有基板，基板包括玻璃或背板。According to some examples of the present disclosure, the cross-linkable hot-melt material mainly includes a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate; and/or the surface of the encapsulation film is attached with a substrate, and the substrate includes glass or a back plate.
根据本公开的一些示例，预交联部的数量为至少两个，且沿着给定方向间隔地排布于本体部；According to some examples of the present disclosure, the number of the pre-crosslinking parts is at least two, and the pre-crosslinking parts are arranged at intervals along a given direction on the body part;
或者，预交联部的数量为至少三个，且沿着给定方向间隔地排布于本体部，相邻两个预交联部之间的间距相等；Alternatively, the number of pre-cross-linked parts is at least three, and they are arranged in the body part at intervals along a given direction, and the distance between two adjacent pre-cross-linked parts is equal;
或者，预交联部的交联度小于等于50％；Or, the crosslinking degree of the pre-crosslinked part is less than or equal to 50%;
或者，预交联部是通过将处于本体部状态的材料通过交联反应的方式而进行非完全交联的；可选地，交联反应是通过辐照或加热的方式触发的；Or, the pre-cross-linking part is incompletely cross-linked by subjecting the material in the bulk state to a cross-linking reaction; optionally, the cross-linking reaction is triggered by irradiation or heating;
或者，预交联部的流动性小于本体部的流动性表现为：将本体独立的进行交联，以及一体的预交联部和本体部进行交联，在二者交联过程的硫化曲线中，独立的交联的本体部的最小转矩值为0.1，一体的预交联部和本体部的最小转矩值为0.3。Or, the fluidity of the pre-cross-linked part is lower than that of the main part, which is shown as: the main body is independently cross-linked, and the integrated pre-cross-linked part and the main part are cross-linked. In the vulcanization curve of the two cross-linking process , the minimum torque value of the independent cross-linked body part is 0.1, and the minimum torque value of the integrated pre-cross-linked part and the body part is 0.3.
在本公开的一些示例性实施方式中，本公开的示例提供了一种制作封装膜的方法。该方法包括：In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of the present disclosure provide a method of making an encapsulation film. The method includes:
将能够交联的热熔性材料制作为非交联的薄膜；Making the cross-linkable hot-melt material into a non-cross-linked film;
对薄膜的选定区域进行交联处理，从而形成分布于薄膜的未予以交联的本体部中的预交联部，且预交联部未完全交联。Selected regions of the film are cross-linked to form pre-cross-linked portions distributed in the uncross-linked bulk portion of the film, and the pre-cross-linked portions are not fully cross-linked.
根据本公开的一些示例，方法包括：在交联处理之前或之后，执行将薄膜贴合于封装板的操作，其中，封装板包括玻璃或背板。According to some examples of the present disclosure, the method includes, before or after the cross-linking process, performing an operation of adhering the film to an encapsulation sheet, wherein the encapsulation sheet includes glass or a back sheet.
根据本公开的一些示例，将能够交联的热熔性材料制作为非交联状态的薄膜包括：将热熔性材料在熔化状态下通过刮涂、旋涂或喷涂方式分散为膜状，然后热熔性材料冷却凝固为薄膜。According to some examples of the present disclosure, making the cross-linkable hot-melt material into a film in a non-cross-linked state includes: dispersing the hot-melt material in a molten state into a film shape by knife coating, spin coating or spraying, and then The hot melt material cools and solidifies into a thin film.
根据本公开的一些示例，对薄膜的选定区域进行交联处理包括：使用辐照的方式对薄 膜的选定区域进行交联处理。According to some examples of the present disclosure, the cross-linking treatment of the selected areas of the film includes cross-linking the selected areas of the film using radiation.
根据本公开的一些示例，对薄膜的选定区域进行交联处理包括：使用一个或多个线性光源照射薄膜的表面，通过对线性光源进行开关控制，并结合线性光源的运动或者薄膜的运动，以对选定区域进行交联处理。According to some examples of the present disclosure, the cross-linking of selected areas of the film includes: illuminating the surface of the film with one or more linear light sources, by switching the linear light sources on and off, in combination with motion of the linear light sources or motion of the film, to cross-link the selected area.
在本公开的一些示例性实施方式中，本公开的示例提供了一种单电池片，用于与前述的封装膜或通过实施前述制作封装膜的方法获得的封装膜配合制作太阳能电池组件。In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, an example of the present disclosure provides a single cell sheet for manufacturing a solar cell module in cooperation with the aforementioned encapsulating film or an encapsulating film obtained by implementing the aforementioned method for fabricating an encapsulating film.
该单电池片包括：The single cell includes:
电池片本体，具有栅线，栅线具有位于两端的连接段、位于两端的连接段之间的过渡段；The battery sheet body has grid lines, and the grid lines have connecting sections at both ends and transition sections between the connecting sections at both ends;
胶粘体，形成于栅线的两端的连接段；The glue is formed on the connecting segments at both ends of the grid lines;
金属丝，通过胶粘体在栅线的两端的连接段胶粘而贴附于电池片本体的栅线的过渡段。The metal wire is attached to the transition section of the grid line of the battery body by gluing the connecting sections of the two ends of the grid line by the adhesive body.
根据本公开的一些示例，电池片本体是异质结电池。According to some examples of the present disclosure, the cell body is a heterojunction cell.
在本公开的一些示例性实施方式中，本公开提供了一种太阳能电池组件，包括：In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides a solar cell assembly comprising:
前述的封装膜或通过实施前述制作封装膜的方法获得的封装膜；The aforementioned encapsulation film or an encapsulation film obtained by implementing the aforementioned method for making an encapsulation film;
如前述的单电池片；As aforesaid single cell;
封装膜层叠于单电池片，并通过预交联部所对应的区域将单电池片中的金属丝挤压电性接触于栅线的过渡段。The packaging film is laminated on the single cell sheet, and presses the metal wire in the single cell sheet to electrically contact the transition section of the grid line through the area corresponding to the pre-crosslinking portion.
根据本公开的一些示例，单电池片具有至少两个，全部的单电池片通过串连和/或并联构成电池组；封装膜具有两片，且该两片封装膜夹持电池组。According to some examples of the present disclosure, there are at least two single cell sheets, and all the single cell sheets are connected in series and/or parallel to form a battery pack; the packaging film has two sheets, and the two sheets of packaging film sandwich the battery pack.
在本公开的一些示例性实施方式中，本公开提供了一种制作太阳能电池组件的方法，方法包括：In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides a method of fabricating a solar cell assembly, the method comprising:
提供电池片和两个封装板；Provide battery slices and two packaging boards;
按照叠层的方式，利用两个封装板夹持电池片，形成叠层结构；According to the way of lamination, two encapsulation plates are used to clamp the battery sheet to form a lamination structure;
其中，封装板中的至少一个包括透光的基板以及形成于其表面的封装膜，封装膜采用能够发生交联的热熔性材料的制成，封装膜具有未予以交联的本体部、以及形成于本体部中的部分区域的非完全交联的预交联部，且封装膜在受热时，预交联部的流动性小于本体部的流动性；Wherein, at least one of the encapsulation boards includes a light-transmitting substrate and an encapsulation film formed on its surface, the encapsulation film is made of a cross-linkable hot-melt material, and the encapsulation film has an uncross-linked body portion, and an incompletely cross-linked pre-cross-linked portion formed in a partial region of the body portion, and when the encapsulating film is heated, the fluidity of the pre-cross-linked portion is smaller than that of the body portion;
其中，电池片的表面的栅线在端部通过胶粘结合有金属丝，并且，金属丝被封装膜的预交联部区域挤压而贴合于栅线。The grid lines on the surface of the battery sheet are bonded with metal wires at the ends by gluing, and the metal wires are pressed by the pre-cross-linked area of the encapsulation film to adhere to the grid lines.
根据本公开的一些示例，方法包括：对叠层结构进行热层压。According to some examples of the present disclosure, a method includes thermally laminating a laminate structure.
在以上实现过程中，本公开实施例提供的太阳能电池组件不需要将金属丝与电池的栅线进行焊接，因此，消除了焊接操作所带来的问题。同时，通过对在封装膜中形成预交联 的部分，再利用其对金属丝、电池片进行夹持，在后续通过热层压，从而达到各层的牢固结合(剥离强度高)，并且确保了金属丝与电池片的栅线的稳定的电性接触，利于收集电流。In the above implementation process, the solar cell assembly provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure does not need to weld the metal wire and the grid line of the battery, thus eliminating the problem caused by the welding operation. At the same time, by forming the pre-crosslinked part in the encapsulation film, and then using it to clamp the metal wire and the battery sheet, and then thermally lamination, the firm bonding (high peel strength) of each layer is achieved, and the The stable electrical contact between the metal wire and the grid line of the cell is facilitated to collect current.
本公开解决了在不使用焊接工艺的情况下，采用预先处理的胶膜既能保证封装胶膜与其他材料的剥离性能，又能解决在封装层压过程中金属丝偏移的问题，具有实际的应用前景。The present disclosure solves the problem that the use of pre-treated adhesive film can not only ensure the peeling performance of the encapsulation adhesive film and other materials, but also solve the problem of metal wire offset during the encapsulation lamination process without using a welding process, and has practical advantages. application prospects.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本公开的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present disclosure, and therefore do not It should be regarded as a limitation of the scope, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.
图1为本公开示例中的单电池片中金属丝与电池片本体的配合方式的结构示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a matching manner of a metal wire and a battery body in a single cell in an example of the disclosure;
图2示出了本公开示例中的封装膜的结构示意图；FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of an encapsulation film in an example of the present disclosure;
图3示出了成膜材料制作的薄膜和预交联的封装膜的硫化曲线示意图。FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the vulcanization curve of the film made of the film-forming material and the pre-crosslinked encapsulation film.
图标：100-单电池片；101-电池片本体；102-金属丝；200-封装膜；201-本体部；202-预交联部。Icons: 100-single cell; 101-cell body; 102-metal wire; 200-encapsulation film; 201-body part; 202-pre-crosslinking part.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
单体太阳电池囿于其输出电压等因素，通常并不能直接作为电源使用。因此，作为电源使用时，需要将若干个单体电池进行串、并联连接，然后严密地封装成组件。A single solar cell is usually not directly used as a power source due to factors such as its output voltage. Therefore, when used as a power source, it is necessary to connect several single cells in series and parallel, and then tightly package them into components.
此外，由于单个的太阳能电池的电学性能的差异，并且考虑到组件作为整体稳定地输出电能的需求，除了串并联多个单体电池之外，还可以按需安装其他电学器件。In addition, due to the difference in electrical properties of individual solar cells, and considering the requirement of the module as a whole to stably output electrical energy, other electrical devices can be installed as needed in addition to a plurality of single cells in series and parallel.
其中，封装质量的好坏直接关系到电池组件的最终性能表现。而封装过程中的一个重要步骤是，将各个单体电池进行串并联。Among them, the quality of packaging is directly related to the final performance of battery components. An important step in the packaging process is to connect the individual cells in series and parallel.
目前，太阳能组件的制作过程是将“焊带”与多个“单片电池”按照正负极连接。即，焊带的一端连接前一个单片电池的正极，同时，焊带的另一端连接后一个单片电池的负极。其中，焊带与电池的电极是通过焊接工艺—高温加热使焊带表面的焊锡熔化与电池表面的制作栅线的银浆结合—相连。At present, the manufacturing process of solar modules is to connect "soldering ribbons" to multiple "monolithic cells" according to the positive and negative electrodes. That is, one end of the welding ribbon is connected to the positive electrode of the previous single-chip battery, and at the same time, the other end of the welding ribbon is connected to the negative electrode of the following single-chip battery. Among them, the welding strip and the electrode of the battery are connected by a welding process—high temperature heating makes the solder on the surface of the welding strip melt and combine with the silver paste for making grid lines on the surface of the battery.
但是焊接操作存在诸多的问题，从而会导致电池组件的性能、稳定性等方面都存在劣化。有鉴于此，在本公开中，发明人提出取消焊接工艺。即，焊带并不通过焊接的方式与电池的电极连接。基于该设计，本公开的示例中选择通过封装胶膜，将焊带压接于电池的表面，使其与电池的电极电性接触。However, there are many problems in the welding operation, which can lead to the deterioration of the performance and stability of the battery assembly. In view of this, in the present disclosure, the inventor proposes to cancel the welding process. That is, the ribbon is not connected to the electrodes of the battery by welding. Based on this design, in the examples of the present disclosure, an encapsulation film is selected to press the soldering tape on the surface of the battery, so that it is in electrical contact with the electrodes of the battery.
因此，在进行封装时，可以先将焊带与电池的电极对位，然后覆盖膜，通过把膜进行压接，从而通过膜的约束作用使焊带与电池的电极结合。Therefore, during packaging, the welding tape can be aligned with the electrode of the battery first, then the film is covered, and the film is crimped, so that the welding tape can be combined with the electrode of the battery through the restraint of the film.
为了实现这样的方案，在示例中，选择使用一种封装膜。在焊带、电池、封装膜对位之后，使封装膜将焊带电池“包裹”，从而使焊带受压而与电极接触。In order to implement such a scheme, in the example, an encapsulation film is chosen to be used. After the ribbon, cell, and packaging film are aligned, the packaging film "wraps" the ribbon battery so that the ribbon is pressed into contact with the electrodes.
实践中，在该方案的基础上，可能需要对焊带、电池的对位精度要求相对较高。因为，在其他的一些示例中，焊带和电池还通过胶水的方式进行粘接。并且，考虑到焊带需要与电池的电极实现电连接，因此，焊带整体完全与电极通过胶水粘接则选择导电的胶水。但是胶水的导电性能通常并不是足够好的，从而会影响收集电流。基于如此的考虑，本公开的示例中可以选择在电极的两端将焊带连接。如此，在电极的两个胶水粘接部分之间的区域是与焊带自然接触的。即由于金属丝两端被粘接，而整体张紧贴附于电池的电极。这样的自燃接触的牢固性和稳定性，可以通过后续利用封装膜的封装实现而明显地提高。In practice, on the basis of this solution, it may be necessary to have relatively high requirements on the alignment accuracy of the welding tape and the battery. Because, in some other examples, the ribbon and the battery are also bonded by means of glue. In addition, considering that the welding tape needs to be electrically connected to the electrode of the battery, the conductive glue is selected if the entire welding tape is completely bonded to the electrode by glue. But the electrical conductivity of glue is usually not good enough to affect the collection current. Based on such a consideration, in the examples of the present disclosure, it is possible to choose to connect the ribbons at both ends of the electrodes. In this way, the area between the two glued parts of the electrode is in natural contact with the ribbon. That is, since both ends of the metal wire are bonded, the whole is tightly attached to the electrodes of the battery. The firmness and stability of such self-igniting contacts can be significantly improved by subsequent encapsulation with encapsulation films.
以上内容，对本公开方案的主要部分进行摘要的阐述，以下将结合附图对本公开的方案进行更详尽的阐述。In the above content, the main part of the solution of the present disclosure is described in an abstract, and the solution of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
在本公开的示例性实施方式中，一种单电池片被提出，其可以被用于实现制作上述的太阳能电池组件。参阅图1，单电池片100包括电池片本体101和金属丝102。In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a single cell sheet is proposed, which can be used to realize the fabrication of the above-described solar cell assembly. Referring to FIG. 1 , a single cell 100 includes a cell body 101 and a metal wire 102 .
在图1中，电池片本体101以半片电池为例。金属丝102通过胶水粘接在电池片本体101上；其中的胶水所形成的胶粘体并未绘示于图1中。In FIG. 1 , the cell body 101 is a half cell battery as an example. The metal wire 102 is bonded on the battery body 101 by glue; the glue formed by the glue is not shown in FIG. 1 .
在实际的操作中，在电池片(电池片本体101)上的两端的预先选定的位置/指定位置进行施胶，然后将金属丝对准电池片的栅线铺设在电池片的表面，然后进行预加热处理，金属丝两端将与电池片表面粘接；换言之，其中使用的胶是一种热固性胶水。需要指出的是，根据胶水的不同，将金属丝粘接到电池片表面的方式也有所不同。例如，前述方案中，通过加热的方式使胶水固化，从而实现金属丝的粘接。胶水为其他固化方式时，则可以对应选择其相应的粘接方案。例如，在电池片的表面选定位置施胶，然后将金属丝铺设在电池片的表面，然后通过光照使胶固化。In actual operation, glue is applied at the pre-selected positions/designated positions of both ends of the cell (cell body 101 ), and then the metal wire is aligned with the grid line of the cell and laid on the surface of the cell, and then After preheating, both ends of the metal wire will be bonded to the surface of the cell; in other words, the glue used is a thermosetting glue. It should be pointed out that, depending on the glue, the way of bonding the wire to the surface of the cell is also different. For example, in the aforementioned solution, the glue is cured by heating, thereby realizing the bonding of the metal wires. When the glue is other curing methods, the corresponding bonding scheme can be selected accordingly. For example, glue is applied at a selected position on the surface of the cell, and then metal wires are laid on the surface of the cell, and then the glue is cured by light.
基于收集电流的需要，金属丝是正对于电池表面的栅线(如主栅)的。此外，为了便于描述，栅线被区分为两端的连接段，以及在该两个连接段之间的过渡段。因此，胶水被施于电池片的栅线的端部的连接段区域。金属丝沿着栅线的延伸方向贴着栅线进行排布和铺设，在栅线的末端金属丝通过胶水被粘接固定于电池片。Based on the need to collect current, the wire is facing the grid lines (such as busbars) on the surface of the battery. In addition, for convenience of description, the gate line is distinguished into connecting sections at both ends, and a transition section between the two connecting sections. Therefore, glue is applied to the connecting segment regions of the ends of the grid lines of the cell. The metal wires are arranged and laid along the grid lines along the extension direction of the grid lines, and at the ends of the grid lines, the metal wires are glued and fixed to the battery sheet through glue.
图1中公开了在电池片一个表面—如正面/受光面—铺设、粘接金属丝的方案。金属丝还可以选择以相同或其他的方式在其背面进行粘接。此外，对于双面电池如双面异质结电池而言，也可以采用上述方式粘接金属丝。Fig. 1 discloses a scheme of laying and bonding metal wires on one surface of the battery sheet, such as the front side/light-receiving surface. The wire may also optionally be bonded on its backside in the same or other manner. In addition, for double-sided cells such as double-sided heterojunction cells, the above-described method can also be used to bond the metal wires.
在上述所获得的粘接有金属丝的单电池片100的基础上，对其才采用如前述的封装即可获得一个封装好的太阳能电池。当通过金属丝102将多个电池片本体101的正负极首尾连接之后，即可构成多个电池片形成的电池串，然后可以根据需要将多个电池串进行串并 联，以便应用于制作太阳能电池组件。On the basis of the obtained single cell sheet 100 with metal wires bonded thereto, a packaged solar cell can be obtained by using the above-mentioned encapsulation. After the positive and negative electrodes of the plurality of cell bodies 101 are connected end-to-end through the metal wires 102, a battery string formed by a plurality of cells can be formed, and then the plurality of cell strings can be connected in series and parallel as required, so as to be applied to the production of solar energy battery pack.
在完成上述制作粘接有金属丝102的单电池片100之后，即可采用封装膜将金属丝102包裹在电池片本体101之上，使金属丝与电池片本体101上的栅线持久、稳定地电性接触，以收集电流。基于这样的需求，本公开中提出了这样的一种封装膜，其采用能够发生交联的热熔性材料(简称成膜材料)的制成。即其具有可交联的特性，并且还能够受热到一定程度时发生熔化为液体，而在冷却至一定的程度时发生凝固为固体。After completing the above-mentioned fabrication of the single cell 100 with the metal wire 102 bonded thereto, the metal wire 102 can be wrapped on the battery sheet body 101 by using an encapsulation film, so that the metal wire and the grid lines on the battery sheet body 101 are durable and stable. ground electrical contact to collect current. Based on such a demand, the present disclosure proposes such an encapsulation film, which is made of a hot-melt material capable of cross-linking (film-forming material for short). That is, it has the property of being cross-linkable, and can also be melted into a liquid when heated to a certain extent, and solidified into a solid when cooled to a certain extent.
因此，在其未发生交联的情况下，可以通过冷热处理，使其凝固或融化，从而可以获得具有所需形状的非交联的薄膜。然后再对其进行交联处理。作为一种示例，该封装膜的制作材料可以主要采用EVA制作而成。其中的EVA是指乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯的共聚物，其结构如下所示：Therefore, if it is not cross-linked, it can be solidified or melted by cold heat treatment, so that a non-cross-linked film having a desired shape can be obtained. It is then cross-linked. As an example, the manufacturing material of the encapsulation film may be mainly made of EVA. Among them, EVA refers to the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, and its structure is as follows:
Figure PCTCN2022079847-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022079847-appb-000001
进一步地，其中还可以含有诸如过氧化物类主交联剂、助交联剂、紫外吸收剂、硅烷偶联剂、抗氧化剂等其他助剂。这样的材料可以热熔胶膜的形式被制作。Further, other auxiliary agents such as peroxide-based main cross-linking agent, auxiliary cross-linking agent, ultraviolet absorber, silane coupling agent, antioxidant, etc. may also be contained therein. Such materials can be produced in the form of hot melt adhesive films.
由于封装膜采用前述类型的材料制作而成，其可以被交联，从而在受热熔化时因已经被预交联而表现出相比于未交联时的相对更差的流动性。其中，当选用的是主要含EVA的材料时，其交联方式例如可以通过下述的辐照方式实现：Since the encapsulating film is made of a material of the aforementioned type, it can be cross-linked, so that when it is melted by heat, it has been pre-cross-linked and exhibits relatively poorer fluidity than when it is not cross-linked. Wherein, when selecting the material mainly containing EVA, its cross-linking mode can be realized by the following irradiation mode, for example:
Figure PCTCN2022079847-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2022079847-appb-000002
因此，结合前述粘接有金属丝的单电池片中的金属丝和电池片本体的配合方式，本公开的示例中选择利用上述的成膜材料，先固化为薄膜，然后对其在选定的位置进行预交联，使该预交联的部分更不易在受热时表现出高的流动性，从而获得封装膜。Therefore, in combination with the aforementioned matching method of the metal wires in the single cell sheet with the metal wires and the battery sheet body, in the example of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned film-forming material is selected to be cured into a thin film, and then it is applied to the selected film-forming material. Pre-crosslinking is performed at the site, so that the pre-crosslinked part is less likely to exhibit high fluidity when heated, thereby obtaining an encapsulation film.
示例中，参阅图2，该封装膜200包括一体成型的本体部201和预交联部202。预交联部202的数量、形状、尺寸以及排布方式根据电池片表面的金属丝或者说栅线的排布方式进行确定，并无特别的限制。图2中，展示了五个大致呈矩形的预交联部202；在其他实 例中，其数量也可以是一个、两个、三个，甚至更多个；或奇数个或偶数个等等。这些预交联部202沿着电池片的宽度方向，定向(如平行)排布。并且，相邻两个预交联部202之间的距离是相等的。In an example, referring to FIG. 2 , the encapsulation film 200 includes a body part 201 and a pre-crosslinking part 202 that are integrally formed. The number, shape, size and arrangement of the pre-crosslinked parts 202 are determined according to the arrangement of the metal wires or grid lines on the surface of the cell, and there is no particular limitation. In Figure 2, five generally rectangular pre-crosslinks 202 are shown; in other examples, the number may be one, two, three, or even more; odd or even, and so on. These pre-crosslinked parts 202 are oriented (eg, parallel) arranged along the width direction of the battery sheet. Also, the distances between two adjacent pre-crosslinked parts 202 are equal.
其中，本体部是未予以交联的部分，而预交联部则是非完全交联的部分。因此，在封装膜200受热而趋于熔化得过程中，本体部的流动性会比预交联部的流动性更高。Among them, the main body part is a part that is not cross-linked, and the pre-cross-linking part is a part that is not completely cross-linked. Therefore, during the process in which the encapsulation film 200 is heated and tends to be melted, the fluidity of the body portion is higher than that of the pre-crosslinked portion.
那么，当将该封装膜200压接于粘接了金属丝102的单电池片100的表面时，封装膜200可以对金属丝达到好的压紧作用。而在进行热压/层压/热层压处理时，封装膜200受热涉及熔化过程，其中的本体部201流动性更好可以填充孔隙区域、驱赶空气，而预交联部202则由于流动性相对更差而适当地保持其形态，从而使金属丝不会相对于栅线发生偏移，进而确保金属丝和栅线的稳定、牢固电性接触。Then, when the packaging film 200 is crimped to the surface of the single cell sheet 100 to which the metal wire 102 is adhered, the packaging film 200 can achieve a good pressing effect on the metal wire. During the hot pressing/lamination/thermal lamination process, the encapsulation film 200 is heated and involves a melting process. The body part 201 has better fluidity to fill the pore area and drive out air, while the pre-cross-linked part 202 has better fluidity due to its fluidity. It is relatively poorer and properly maintains its shape, so that the metal wire does not shift relative to the grid line, thereby ensuring stable and firm electrical contact between the metal wire and the grid line.
此外，之所以使预交联部处于未完全交联的状态是基于这样的思考。如果预交联部不进行交联，则会因为热压过程中的受热而熔化，从而不能对金属丝进行更好的约束，并导致金属丝相对于栅线发生偏移、金属丝与栅线接触不良使得收集电流能力下降。如果预交联部完全交联，则会导致该预交联部的粘接性下降，从而使得胶膜与玻璃/背板/电池片之间得剥离强度下降。In addition, the reason why the pre-crosslinked part is in a state of incomplete crosslinking is based on such a thought. If the pre-crosslinked part is not crosslinked, it will melt due to the heat during the hot pressing process, so that the wire cannot be better restrained, and cause the wire to be offset relative to the grid line, the wire and the grid line. Poor contact reduces the ability to collect current. If the pre-cross-linked part is completely cross-linked, the adhesiveness of the pre-cross-linked part will decrease, so that the peeling strength between the adhesive film and the glass/back sheet/battery sheet will decrease.
换言之，封装膜的预交联部的交联程度，对于所能够达到的效果有相当程度的影响。因此，在部分示例中，该预交联部的交联度可以选择控制位小于等于50％；例如，交联度可以是小于40％、30％、20％、10％等等。交联度可以通过溶胀法、核磁共振法等进行测量计算。由于该预交联部的交联程度与其受热时的流动性相互关联，因此，在部分实例中，通过对成膜材料所凝固形成的薄膜进行选区交联，可以使得其表现出所期望的流动性表现。In other words, the degree of crosslinking of the pre-crosslinked portion of the encapsulation film has a considerable influence on the effect that can be achieved. Therefore, in some examples, the crosslinking degree of the pre-crosslinking portion can be selected to be less than or equal to 50%; for example, the crosslinking degree can be less than 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% and so on. The degree of crosslinking can be measured and calculated by a swelling method, a nuclear magnetic resonance method, or the like. Since the degree of cross-linking of the pre-cross-linked portion is related to its fluidity when heated, in some instances, by selectively cross-linking the film formed by the solidification of the film-forming material, it can exhibit the desired fluidity. Performance.
例如，当使用前述的成膜材料所获得薄膜直接进行交联反应(可以选择通过辐照或者加热的方式触发)而实施交联过程时，在硫化曲线中，其最小转矩值(ML)可以被控制到0.1dN·m。相比于此，在使用前述的成膜材料所获得薄膜预先进行选区预交联之后，再进行交联的过程中，其硫化曲线中的最小转矩值(ML)则可以被控制到0.3dN·m。其结果参阅图3，因此，根据这样的实验也可以证实进行了预交联处理之后，流动性发生了变化，且明显降低了。For example, when the film obtained using the aforementioned film-forming material is directly subjected to a cross-linking reaction (which can be triggered by irradiation or heating) to carry out the cross-linking process, in the vulcanization curve, its minimum torque value (ML) can be is controlled to 0.1dN m. In contrast to this, the minimum torque value (ML) in the vulcanization curve can be controlled to 0.3dN after pre-selective pre-crosslinking of the film obtained by using the aforementioned film-forming material, and then during the cross-linking process. ·m. The results are shown in Fig. 3. Therefore, according to such an experiment, it was confirmed that the fluidity was changed and significantly decreased after the pre-crosslinking treatment.
为了方便于本领域技术人员实施，实例中给出了一种制作上述封装膜的方法。该方法包括：In order to facilitate implementation by those skilled in the art, a method for fabricating the above-mentioned encapsulation film is given in the example. The method includes:
步骤1、将能够交联的热熔性材料制作为非交联的薄膜。 Step 1. Making the cross-linkable hot-melt material into a non-cross-linked film.
该薄膜可以通过将热熔性材料在熔化状态(如液体或熔融体)下通过刮涂、旋涂、喷涂等方式分散为膜状，然后待其冷却凝固为薄膜。The film can be dispersed into a film shape by means of blade coating, spin coating, spraying, etc. in a molten state (such as liquid or melt) of the hot-melt material, and then it is cooled and solidified into a film.
步骤2、对薄膜的选定区域进行交联处理，从而形成分布于薄膜的未予以交联的本体部 中的预交联部，且预交联部未完全交联。Step 2, performing cross-linking treatment on selected regions of the film, thereby forming pre-cross-linked parts distributed in the uncross-linked body part of the film, and the pre-cross-linked parts are not completely cross-linked.
其中交联处理的方式根据材料的类型、成分有所不同，本公开中对此不作具体的限制。一些实例中，通过高能或电离辐射或加热等方式引发聚合物的电离与激发，产生大分子自由基实现高分子间交联网络。The method of cross-linking treatment varies according to the type and composition of the material, which is not specifically limited in the present disclosure. In some instances, the ionization and excitation of polymers are induced by means of high energy or ionizing radiation or heating, and macromolecular free radicals are generated to realize the cross-linked network between polymers.
一种实例中，选择使用辐照的方式进行选区交联处理。例如，使用线性光源(例如，具有金属丝长度大致相当的长度，以及与其相当的宽度)照射薄膜的表面。此外，可以同时使用多个如前述的线性光源照射薄膜的表面，或者，使用一个线性光源，通过对其进行开关控制，并结合光源的运动或者薄膜的运动，实现对选定区域交联处理。在另一些实例中，可以在薄膜的表面覆盖具有特定图形的掩膜，然后通过面光源直接地照射在薄膜表面。掩膜的图形区域是镂空的，从而可以允许光线照射到薄膜的表面，进行选区交联。In one example, the selective cross-linking treatment is carried out by means of irradiation. For example, the surface of the film is illuminated with a linear light source (eg, having a length approximately equivalent to the length of a wire, and a width equivalent thereto). In addition, a plurality of linear light sources as described above can be used to illuminate the surface of the film at the same time, or one linear light source can be used to control the on-off of the film, and combined with the movement of the light source or the movement of the film, to achieve cross-linking treatment of selected areas. In other examples, a mask with a specific pattern can be covered on the surface of the film, and then the surface of the film can be directly irradiated by a surface light source. The patterned areas of the mask are hollowed out to allow light to hit the surface of the film for selective crosslinking.
以上方式可以获得独立的封装膜。在其他一些示例中，为了方便于进行太阳能电池组件的封装，可以将封装膜结合在平封装板结构上，从而形成具有封装板的封装膜。换言之，通过封装膜和封装板构成叠层的结构。因此，在制作封装膜的方法中，还可以包括：在交联处理之前或之后，执行将薄膜贴合于封装板的操作。例如，将成膜材料，以诸如浆料等方式刮涂到封装板的表面凝固为薄膜结构，然后进行交联处理。或者，将制作的薄膜交联处理之后，贴合于封装板的表面。其中，封装板可以是透光的材料，如透光板，如玻璃板；或者，封装板可以是太阳能电池背板，如TPT板。In the above manner, an independent encapsulation film can be obtained. In some other examples, to facilitate encapsulation of the solar cell assembly, an encapsulation film may be bonded to a flat encapsulation sheet structure, thereby forming an encapsulation film with an encapsulation sheet. In other words, a laminated structure is constituted by the encapsulation film and the encapsulation plate. Therefore, in the method of manufacturing the encapsulation film, it may further include: before or after the cross-linking treatment, performing an operation of adhering the film to the encapsulation board. For example, the film-forming material is blade-coated on the surface of the encapsulation board in a manner such as a slurry to solidify into a thin-film structure, and then cross-linking treatment is performed. Or, after crosslinking the produced film, it is bonded to the surface of the sealing plate. Wherein, the encapsulation plate can be a light-transmitting material, such as a light-transmitting plate, such as a glass plate; or, the encapsulating plate can be a solar cell back plate, such as a TPT plate.
上述方案被实施可以获得粘接金属丝的单电池片，然后将多个电池片都通过金属丝进行串接，形成电池串。然后再使用前述封装膜即可进行封装获得电池组件。The above solution is implemented to obtain single cell sheets bonded with metal wires, and then multiple cell sheets are connected in series through metal wires to form a battery string. Then, the aforementioned encapsulation film can be used for encapsulation to obtain a battery assembly.
因此，一些示例中使用上述电池片和封装膜可以获得一种太阳能电池。其包括封装膜和单电池片。其中，封装膜层叠于单电池片，并通过预交联部所对应的区域将单电池片中的金属丝挤压电性接触于栅线的过渡段。其中的单电池片可以是一个，也可以是多个(例如至少两个)。当单电池片具有多于一个时，则全部的单电池片可以通过串连和/或并联的方式构成电池组。进一步地，对于封装膜而言，封装膜的数量可以是一个或两个。较好地，封装膜具有两片，且该两片封装膜夹持电池组。换言之，在制备太阳能电池组件时，可以至少使用一个封装膜进行封装。Thus, in some examples, a solar cell can be obtained using the above-described cell sheet and encapsulating film. It includes an encapsulation film and a single cell sheet. Wherein, the encapsulation film is laminated on the single cell sheet, and the metal wire in the single cell sheet is extruded and electrically contacted with the transition section of the grid line through the area corresponding to the pre-crosslinking portion. There may be one single cell, or multiple (for example, at least two). When there are more than one single cell sheet, all the single cell sheets can be connected in series and/or parallel to form a battery pack. Further, for the encapsulation films, the number of encapsulation films may be one or two. Preferably, the packaging film has two sheets, and the two sheets of packaging film sandwich the battery pack. In other words, at least one encapsulation film can be used for encapsulation when preparing the solar cell module.
针对的上述太阳能电池，其制作方法的可以通过下述方式获得：For the above-mentioned solar cell, its production method can be obtained in the following ways:
分别通过前述的方式或其他方式制作具有上述结构的电池片和两个封装板。然后，按照叠层的方式，利用两个封装板夹持电池片，形成叠层结构。在堆叠完成之后，制作方法还可以包括：对叠层结构进行热层压。层压过程中的热可以使两层封装板中的封装膜结合一起。热层压过程中，熔化的封装膜会流动充满封装板的两个基板(如玻璃和TPT背板)之间的间隙，并排除中间的气孔，同时将电池、玻璃、背板紧密地粘接在一体。随后随着 温度逐渐降低而凝固，从而固化，即可获得组件。The battery sheet and the two encapsulation boards with the above-mentioned structure are fabricated by the aforementioned methods or other methods, respectively. Then, in a stacked manner, the battery sheets are sandwiched by two packaging plates to form a stacked structure. After the stacking is completed, the manufacturing method may further include: thermally laminating the laminated structure. The heat during the lamination process can bond the encapsulation films together in the two-layer encapsulation board. During the thermal lamination process, the melted encapsulation film will flow to fill the gap between the two substrates of the encapsulation board (such as glass and TPT backplane), and remove the air holes in the middle, while tightly bonding the battery, glass, and backplane in one. Subsequent to solidification as the temperature is gradually lowered, thereby curing, the assembly can be obtained.
经过试验，采用本公开方案获得组件进行测试，在部分示例中可以得到金属丝偏移最大偏移量为0.1mm。其中，金属丝偏移最大偏移量是指金属丝距离中心固定位置(例如，与该金属丝对应的矩形栅线的长度方向的对称线)偏移量。而封装膜与电池片之间的剥离强度则可以达到45N。选择其他类型的成膜材料制作封装膜，按照上述方式制作电池组件，并进行测试在部分示例中可以得到的金属丝偏移最大偏移量可以达到3mm(剥离强度为47N)、2.8mm(剥离强度为25N)以及3.2mm(剥离强度为18N)。After experiments, the components obtained by the solution of the present disclosure are used for testing. In some examples, the maximum offset of the metal wire can be obtained to be 0.1 mm. Wherein, the maximum offset of the wire offset refers to the offset of the wire from the fixed position of the center (for example, the line of symmetry in the length direction of the rectangular grid line corresponding to the wire). The peel strength between the packaging film and the battery sheet can reach 45N. Select other types of film-forming materials to make the packaging film, make the battery module according to the above method, and carry out the test. strength is 25N) and 3.2mm (peel strength is 18N).
至此，本公开的方案被清楚地阐述。该方案在目前的太阳能电池封装基础上，采用改造胶膜处理方式(在金属丝附近的胶膜区域进行特殊化预先处理)，从而避免电池在封装过程中需要焊接的问题，同时还可以避免由于未焊接而可能引发的金属丝偏移问题，并且还大幅度提高金属丝与电池的粘结强度。该方案简单、易于实施，利于产业化生产。So far, the solutions of the present disclosure have been clearly explained. On the basis of the current solar cell packaging, this solution adopts the modified film treatment method (specialized pretreatment in the film area near the metal wire), so as to avoid the problem that the battery needs to be welded during the packaging process. The problem of wire offset that may be caused by unwelding is also greatly improved, and the bonding strength of the wire and the battery is greatly improved. The scheme is simple, easy to implement, and beneficial to industrialized production.
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，上述内容结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本公开实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此，对在附图中提供的本公开的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本公开的范围，而是仅仅表示本公开的选定实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the above content is combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments These are some, but not all, embodiments of the present disclosure. The components of the disclosed embodiments generally described and illustrated in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. Therefore, the detailed descriptions of the embodiments of the present disclosure provided in the accompanying drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure as claimed, but are merely representative of selected embodiments of the disclosure. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。It should be noted that like numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, so once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further definition and explanation in subsequent figures.
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，描述中指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该公开产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。In the description of the present disclosure, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the description is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship that the disclosed product is usually placed in use, only For the convenience of describing the present disclosure and to simplify the description, it is not indicated or implied that the referred device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the disclosure.
在本公开的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。In the description of the present disclosure, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "arranged", "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication between the two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be understood in specific situations.
在本公开中，在不矛盾或冲突的情况下，本公开的所有实施例、实施方式以及特征可以相互组合。在本公开中，常规的设备、装置、部件等，既可以商购，也可以根据本公开公开的内容自制。在本公开中，为了突出本公开的重点，对一些常规的操作和设备、装置、 部件进行的省略，或仅作简单描述。In this disclosure, all the embodiments, implementations, and features of this disclosure may be combined with each other without contradicting or conflicting. In the present disclosure, conventional equipment, devices, components, etc. can be either commercially available or self-made according to the contents disclosed in the present disclosure. In the present disclosure, in order to highlight the key points of the present disclosure, some conventional operations and equipment, devices, and components are omitted, or only briefly described.
以上所述仅为本公开的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. For those skilled in the art, the present disclosure may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure shall be included within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (13)

  1. 一种封装膜，用于制作太阳能电池组件，其特征在于，所述封装膜是能够发生交联的热熔性材料的制成品，所述封装膜包括未予以交联的本体部、以及形成于所述本体部中的部分区域的非完全交联的预交联部，且所述封装膜在受热时，所述预交联部的流动性小于所述本体部的流动性。An encapsulating film for making a solar cell module, characterized in that the encapsulating film is a product of a cross-linked hot-melt material, the encapsulating film comprises a main body portion that is not cross-linked, and a The partially cross-linked pre-cross-linked portion in the body portion, and when the packaging film is heated, the fluidity of the pre-cross-linked portion is smaller than that of the body portion.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的封装膜，其特征在于，所述能够发生交联的热熔性材料主要包括乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯的共聚物；和/或，所述封装膜的表面贴合有基板，所述基板包括玻璃或背板。The packaging film according to claim 1, wherein the cross-linkable hot-melt material mainly comprises a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate; and/or a substrate is attached to the surface of the packaging film , the substrate includes glass or a backplane.
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的封装膜，其特征在于，所述预交联部的数量为至少两个，且沿着给定方向间隔地排布于所述本体部；The packaging film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of the pre-crosslinked parts is at least two, and the pre-crosslinked parts are arranged at intervals along a given direction on the body part;
    或者，所述预交联部的数量为至少三个，且沿着给定方向间隔地排布于所述本体部，相邻两个所述预交联部之间的间距相等；Alternatively, the number of the pre-cross-linked parts is at least three, and they are arranged on the body part at intervals along a given direction, and the distance between two adjacent pre-cross-linked parts is equal;
    或者，所述预交联部的交联度小于等于50％；Or, the crosslinking degree of the pre-crosslinked part is less than or equal to 50%;
    或者，所述预交联部是通过将处于所述本体部状态的材料通过交联反应的方式而进行所述非完全交联的；可选地，所述交联反应是通过辐照或加热的方式触发的；Or, the pre-crosslinking part is carried out by subjecting the material in the state of the bulk part to the incomplete crosslinking reaction; alternatively, the crosslinking reaction is carried out by irradiation or heating triggered by the way;
    或者，所述预交联部的流动性小于所述本体部的流动性表现为：将所述本体独立地进行交联，以及一体的预交联部和本体部进行交联，在二者交联过程的硫化曲线中，独立地交联的本体部的最小转矩值为0.1，一体的预交联部和本体部的最小转矩值为0.3。Alternatively, the fluidity of the pre-crosslinked part is lower than the fluidity of the main body part, as shown in that: the main body is independently cross-linked, and the integrated pre-cross-linked part and the main body part are cross-linked, and when the two are cross-linked In the vulcanization curve of the linking process, the minimum torque value of the independently crosslinked body portion is 0.1, and the minimum torque value of the integral pre-crosslinked portion and the body portion is 0.3.
  4. 一种制作封装膜的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：A method of making an encapsulation film, characterized in that the method comprises:
    将能够交联的热熔性材料制作为非交联状态的薄膜；Making the cross-linkable hot-melt material into a non-cross-linked film;
    对所述薄膜的选定区域进行交联处理，从而形成分布于所述薄膜的未予以交联的本体部中的预交联部，且所述预交联部未完全交联。Selected regions of the film are cross-linked to form pre-cross-linked portions distributed in the uncross-linked bulk portion of the film, and the pre-cross-linked portions are not fully cross-linked.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的制作封装膜的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：在所述交联处理之前或之后，执行将所述薄膜贴合于封装板的操作，其中，所述封装板包括玻璃和/或背板。The method for manufacturing an encapsulation film according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises: before or after the cross-linking treatment, performing an operation of attaching the film to an encapsulation board, wherein the encapsulation Sheets include glass and/or back sheets.
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的制作封装膜的方法，其特征在于，将能够交联的热熔性材料制作为非交联状态的薄膜包括：将所述热熔性材料在熔化状态下通过刮涂、旋涂或喷涂方式分散为膜状，然后所述热熔性材料冷却凝固为所述薄膜。The method for manufacturing an encapsulation film according to claim 4 or 5, wherein making the cross-linkable hot-melt material into a film in a non-cross-linked state comprises: passing the hot-melt material in a molten state through It is dispersed into a film by means of blade coating, spin coating or spray coating, and then the hot-melt material is cooled and solidified into the thin film.
  7. 根据权利要求4或5所述的制作封装膜的方法，其特征在于，对所述薄膜的选定区域进行交联处理包括：使用辐照的方式对所述薄膜的选定区域进行交联处理。The method for manufacturing an encapsulation film according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the cross-linking treatment on the selected area of the thin film comprises: performing a cross-linking treatment on the selected area of the thin film by means of irradiation .
  8. 根据权利要求4或5所述的制作封装膜的方法，其特征在于，对所述薄膜的选定区域进行交联处理包括：使用一个或多个线性光源照射所述薄膜的表面，通过对所述线性光 源进行开关控制，并结合所述线性光源的运动或者所述薄膜的运动，以对所述选定区域进行交联处理。The method of making a packaging film according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the cross-linking treatment on the selected area of the film comprises: irradiating the surface of the film with one or more linear light sources, The linear light source is switched on and off, and combined with the movement of the linear light source or the movement of the film, to perform cross-linking treatment on the selected area.
  9. 一种单电池片，用于与根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的封装膜或通过实施权利要求4至8中任一项所述的制作封装膜的方法获得的封装膜配合制作太阳能电池组件，其特征在于，所述单电池片包括：A single cell sheet for production in coordination with the packaging film according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the packaging film obtained by implementing the method for producing a packaging film according to any one of claims 4 to 8 A solar cell module, characterized in that the single cell sheet comprises:
    电池片本体，具有栅线，所述栅线具有位于两端的连接段、位于所述两端的连接段之间的过渡段；The battery sheet body has grid lines, and the grid lines have connection sections at both ends and transition sections between the connection sections at both ends;
    胶粘体，形成于栅线的所述两端的连接段；an adhesive body, which is formed on the connecting segments of the two ends of the grid lines;
    金属丝，通过所述胶粘体在所述栅线的两端的连接段胶粘而贴附于所述电池片本体的栅线的过渡段；a metal wire, which is attached to the transition section of the grid line of the battery sheet body by gluing the adhesive body at the connecting sections at both ends of the grid line;
    电池片本体是异质结电池。The cell body is a heterojunction cell.
  10. 一种太阳能电池组件，其特征在于，包括：A solar cell assembly, characterized in that, comprising:
    根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的封装膜或通过实施权利要求4至8中任一项所述的制作封装膜的方法获得的封装膜；The encapsulating film according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or an encapsulating film obtained by implementing the method for producing an encapsulating film according to any one of claims 4 to 8;
    根据权利要求9所述的单电池片；The single cell sheet according to claim 9;
    所述封装膜层叠于所述单电池片，并通过所述预交联部所对应的区域将所述单电池片中的所述金属丝挤压电性接触于所述栅线的过渡段。The packaging film is laminated on the single cell sheet, and presses the metal wire in the single cell sheet to electrically contact the transition section of the grid line through the area corresponding to the pre-crosslinking portion.
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的太阳能电池组件，其特征在于，所述封装膜具有两片，该两片封装膜夹持所述单电池片，且至少其中一片封装膜通过所述预交联部所对应的区域挤压所述金属丝与所述栅线的过渡段电性接触；The solar cell module according to claim 10, wherein the encapsulation film has two sheets, the two encapsulation films sandwich the single cell sheet, and at least one of the encapsulation films passes through the pre-cross-linked part. The corresponding area presses the metal wire to make electrical contact with the transition section of the grid line;
    或者，所述单电池片具有至少两个，全部的单电池片通过串连和/或并联构成电池组；Alternatively, the single cell sheet has at least two, and all the single cell sheets are connected in series and/or parallel to form a battery pack;
    或者，所述单电池片具有至少两个，全部的单电池片通过串连和/或并联构成电池组，所述封装膜具有两片，该两片封装膜夹持所述电池组，且至少其中一片封装膜通过所述预交联部所对应的区域挤压所述金属丝与所述栅线的过渡段电性接触。Alternatively, there are at least two single cell sheets, all the single cell sheets are connected in series and/or parallel to form a battery pack, the packaging film has two sheets, the two sheets of packaging films sandwich the battery pack, and at least One of the encapsulating films presses the metal wire through the area corresponding to the pre-cross-linking portion to make electrical contact with the transition section of the grid line.
  12. 一种制作太阳能电池组件的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：A method of manufacturing a solar cell module, characterized in that the method comprises:
    提供电池片和两个封装板；Provide battery slices and two packaging boards;
    按照叠层的方式，利用所述两个封装板夹持所述电池片，形成叠层结构；According to the stacking method, the battery sheet is clamped by the two packaging plates to form a stacking structure;
    其中，所述封装板中的至少一个包括透光的基板以及形成于其表面的封装膜，所述封装膜采用能够发生交联的热熔性材料的制成，所述封装膜具有未予以交联的本体部、以及形成于所述本体部中的部分区域的非完全交联的预交联部，且所述封装膜在受热时，所述预交联部的流动性小于所述本体部的流动性；Wherein, at least one of the encapsulation boards includes a light-transmitting substrate and an encapsulation film formed on the surface thereof, the encapsulation film is made of a cross-linkable hot-melt material, and the encapsulation film has uncross-linked A linked body portion, and a partially cross-linked pre-cross-linked portion formed in a partial region of the body portion, and when the packaging film is heated, the fluidity of the pre-cross-linked portion is smaller than that of the body portion liquidity;
    其中，所述电池片的表面的栅线在端部通过胶粘结合有金属丝，并且，所述金属丝被 所述封装膜的预交联部区域挤压而贴合于所述栅线。Wherein, the grid lines on the surface of the battery sheet are bonded with metal wires at the ends by gluing, and the metal wires are pressed by the pre-cross-linked portion area of the encapsulation film to adhere to the grid lines.
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的制作太阳能电池组件的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：对所述叠层结构进行热层压。The method of manufacturing a solar cell module according to claim 12, wherein the method comprises: thermally laminating the laminated structure.
PCT/CN2022/079847 2021-04-23 2022-03-09 Single cell, packaging film, solar cell module and manufacturing method therefor WO2022222628A1 (en)

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