WO2022220545A1 - 저주파 비분리 변환 설계 방법 및 장치 - Google Patents
저주파 비분리 변환 설계 방법 및 장치 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022220545A1 WO2022220545A1 PCT/KR2022/005284 KR2022005284W WO2022220545A1 WO 2022220545 A1 WO2022220545 A1 WO 2022220545A1 KR 2022005284 W KR2022005284 W KR 2022005284W WO 2022220545 A1 WO2022220545 A1 WO 2022220545A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- transform coefficients
- transform
- value
- current block
- lfnst
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 156
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 196
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 100
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 54
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 44
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 36
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 29
- 241000023320 Luma <angiosperm> Species 0.000 description 26
- OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl salicylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 208000037170 Delayed Emergence from Anesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 19
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003709 image segmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004984 smart glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011426 transformation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/132—Sampling, masking or truncation of coding units, e.g. adaptive resampling, frame skipping, frame interpolation or high-frequency transform coefficient masking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/12—Selection from among a plurality of transforms or standards, e.g. selection between discrete cosine transform [DCT] and sub-band transform or selection between H.263 and H.264
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/124—Quantisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/167—Position within a video image, e.g. region of interest [ROI]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/18—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a set of transform coefficients
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
Definitions
- This document relates to a video/image coding technique, and more particularly, to a method of performing quantization and scaling based on a low frequency non-separate transform (LFNST) applied in a video or image coding system.
- LFNST low frequency non-separate transform
- VR Virtual Reality
- AR Artificial Realtiy
- holograms broadcasting is increasing.
- a high-efficiency video/image compression technology is required to effectively compress, transmit, store, and reproduce high-resolution and high-quality video/image information having various characteristics as described above.
- a method and apparatus for increasing video/image coding efficiency are provided.
- an image coding method and apparatus for applying LFNST are provided.
- an image coding method and apparatus for performing quantization based on LFNST being applied are provided.
- an image coding method and apparatus for configuring a quantization parameter value according to a position of a coefficient to which quantization is applied based on LFNST being applied are provided.
- an image coding method and apparatus for performing scaling based on LFNST being applied are provided.
- an image coding method and apparatus for determining whether to apply scaling list data based on LFNST being applied are provided.
- a video/image decoding method performed by a decoding apparatus is provided.
- a decoding apparatus for performing video/image decoding is provided.
- a video/image encoding method performed by an encoding apparatus is provided.
- an encoding apparatus for performing video/image encoding is provided.
- a computer-readable digital storage medium in which encoded video/image information generated according to the video/image encoding method disclosed in at least one of the embodiments of this document is stored.
- encoded information or encoded video/image information causing the decoding apparatus to perform the video/image decoding method disclosed in at least one of the embodiments of this document is stored;
- a storage medium is provided.
- a method of transmitting video/image data including a bitstream generated based on the video/image encoding method disclosed in at least one of the embodiments of this document.
- overall video/image compression efficiency may be increased.
- LFNST may be applied.
- quantization may be performed based on LFNST being applied.
- a quantization parameter value may be configured according to a position of a coefficient to which quantization is applied based on the application of LFNST.
- scaling may be performed based on application of LFNST.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of a video/image coding system to which embodiments of this document can be applied.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of a video/image encoding apparatus to which embodiments of the present document may be applied.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of a video/image decoding apparatus to which embodiments of the present document may be applied.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining RST according to an embodiment of the present document.
- FIG. 7 schematically illustrates an example of a video/image encoding method according to embodiments of the present document.
- FIG. 8 schematically illustrates an example of a video/image decoding method according to an embodiment of this document.
- FIG 9 shows an example of a content streaming system to which embodiments disclosed in this document can be applied.
- each configuration in the drawings described in this document is shown independently for convenience of description regarding different characteristic functions, and does not mean that each configuration is implemented as separate hardware or separate software.
- two or more components among each component may be combined to form one component, or one component may be divided into a plurality of components.
- Embodiments in which each component is integrated and/or separated are also included in the scope of the present document without departing from the essence of this document.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of a video/image coding system to which embodiments of this document can be applied.
- a video/image coding system may include a first apparatus (source device) and a second apparatus (receive device).
- the source device may transmit encoded video/image information or data in the form of a file or streaming to a receiving device through a digital storage medium or a network.
- the source device may include a video source, an encoding apparatus, and a transmission unit.
- the receiving device may include a receiving unit, a decoding apparatus, and a renderer.
- the encoding apparatus may be referred to as a video/image encoding apparatus, and the decoding apparatus may be referred to as a video/image decoding apparatus.
- the transmitter may be included in the encoding device.
- the receiver may be included in the decoding device.
- the renderer may include a display unit, and the display unit may be configured as a separate device or external component.
- the video source may acquire a video/image through a process of capturing, synthesizing, or generating a video/image.
- a video source may include a video/image capture device and/or a video/image generating device.
- a video/image capture device may include, for example, one or more cameras, a video/image archive containing previously captured video/images, and the like.
- a video/image generating device may include, for example, a computer, tablet, and smartphone, and may (electronically) generate a video/image.
- a virtual video/image may be generated through a computer, etc. In this case, the video/image capturing process may be substituted for the process of generating related data.
- the encoding device may encode the input video/image.
- the encoding apparatus may perform a series of procedures such as prediction, transformation, and quantization for compression and coding efficiency.
- the encoded data (encoded video/image information) may be output in the form of a bitstream.
- the transmitting unit may transmit the encoded video/image information or data output in the form of a bitstream to the receiving unit of the receiving device in the form of a file or streaming through a digital storage medium or a network.
- the digital storage medium may include a variety of storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, and SSD.
- the transmission unit may include an element for generating a media file through a predetermined file format, and may include an element for transmission through a broadcast/communication network.
- the receiver may receive/extract the bitstream and transmit it to the decoding device.
- the decoding apparatus may decode the video/image by performing a series of procedures such as inverse quantization, inverse transformation, and prediction corresponding to the operation of the encoding apparatus.
- the renderer may render the decoded video/image.
- the rendered video/image may be displayed through the display unit.
- This article is about video/image coding.
- a method/embodiment disclosed in this document may be applied to a method disclosed in a versatile video coding (VVC) standard.
- the method/embodiment disclosed in this document is an essential video coding (EVC) standard, AOMedia Video 1 (AV1) standard, 2nd generation of audio video coding standard (AVS2), or a next-generation video/video coding standard (ex. H.267). or H.268, etc.).
- EVC essential video coding
- AV1 AOMedia Video 1
- AVS2 2nd generation of audio video coding standard
- next-generation video/video coding standard ex. H.267. or H.268, etc.
- a video may mean a set of a series of images according to the passage of time.
- a picture generally refers to a unit representing one image in a specific time period, and a slice/tile is a unit constituting a part of a picture in coding.
- a slice/tile may include one or more coding tree units (CTUs).
- CTUs coding tree units
- One picture may consist of one or more slices/tiles.
- a tile is a rectangular region of CTUs within a particular tile column and a particular tile row in a picture.
- the tile column is a rectangular region of CTUs, the rectangular region has a height equal to the height of the picture, and the width may be specified by syntax elements in a picture parameter set (The tile column is a rectangular region of CTUs having a height equal to the height of the picture and a width specified by syntax elements in the picture parameter set).
- the tile row is a rectangular region of CTUs, the rectangular region has a height specified by syntax elements in a picture parameter set, and the width may be equal to the width of the picture (The tile row is a rectangular region of CTUs) having a height specified by syntax elements in the picture parameter set and a width equal to the width of the picture).
- a tile scan may indicate a particular sequential ordering of CTUs partitioning a picture, wherein the CTUs may be sequentially aligned with a CTU raster scan within a tile, and tiles within a picture may be sequentially aligned with a raster scan of the tiles of the picture.
- a tile scan is a specific sequential ordering of CTUs partitioning a picture in which the CTUs are ordered consecutively in CTU raster scan in a tile whereas tiles in a picture are ordered consecutively in a raster scan of the tiles of the picture).
- a slice includes an integer number of complete tiles or an integer number of consecutive complete CTU rows within a tile of a picture that may be exclusively contained in a single NAL unit)
- one picture may be divided into two or more subpictures.
- a subpicture may be a rectangular region of one or more slices within a picture.
- a pixel or pel may mean a minimum unit constituting one picture (or image). Also, 'sample' may be used as a term corresponding to a pixel.
- a sample may generally represent a pixel or a value of a pixel, may represent only a pixel/pixel value of a luma component, or may represent only a pixel/pixel value of a chroma component.
- a unit may represent a basic unit of image processing.
- the unit may include at least one of a specific region of a picture and information related to the region.
- One unit may include one luma block and two chroma (ex. cb, cr) blocks.
- a unit may be used interchangeably with terms such as a block or an area in some cases.
- an MxN block may include samples (or sample arrays) or a set (or arrays) of transform coefficients including M columns and N rows.
- a or B (A or B) may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”.
- a or B (A or B)” in this document may be interpreted as “A and/or B (A and/or B)”.
- A, B or C(A, B or C) means “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or "any and any combination of A, B and C ( any combination of A, B and C)”.
- a slash (/) or a comma (comma) used in this document may mean “and/or”.
- A/B may mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”.
- A, B, C may mean “A, B, or C”.
- At least one of A and B may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. Also, in this document, the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” means “at least one It can be interpreted the same as “A and B (at least one of A and B)”.
- At least one of A, B and C means “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “A, B and C” any combination of A, B and C”. Also, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/or C” means can mean “at least one of A, B and C”.
- parentheses used in this document may mean “for example”. Specifically, when “prediction (intra prediction)” is indicated, “intra prediction” may be proposed as an example of “prediction”. In other words, “prediction” in this document is not limited to “intra prediction”, and “intra prediction” may be proposed as an example of “prediction”. Also, even when “prediction (ie, intra prediction)” is indicated, “intra prediction” may be proposed as an example of “prediction”.
- the encoding device may include an image encoding device and/or a video encoding device.
- the encoding apparatus 200 includes an image partitioner 210, a predictor 220, a residual processor 230, an entropy encoder 240, It may be configured to include an adder 250 , a filter 260 , and a memory 270 .
- the prediction unit 220 may include an inter prediction unit 221 and an intra prediction unit 222 .
- the residual processing unit 230 may include a transformer 232 , a quantizer 233 , an inverse quantizer 234 , and an inverse transformer 235 .
- the residual processing unit 230 may further include a subtractor 231 .
- the adder 250 may be referred to as a reconstructor or a reconstructed block generator.
- the above-described image segmentation unit 210, prediction unit 220, residual processing unit 230, entropy encoding unit 240, adder 250 and filtering unit 260 may include one or more hardware components ( For example, by an encoder chipset or processor).
- the memory 270 may include a decoded picture buffer (DPB), and may be configured by a digital storage medium.
- the hardware component may further include a memory 270 as an internal/external component.
- the image dividing unit 210 may divide an input image (or a picture, a frame) input to the encoding apparatus 200 into one or more processing units.
- the processing unit may be referred to as a coding unit (CU).
- the coding unit is to be recursively divided according to a quad-tree binary-tree ternary-tree (QTBTTT) structure from a coding tree unit (CTU) or largest coding unit (LCU).
- QTBTTT quad-tree binary-tree ternary-tree
- CTU coding tree unit
- LCU largest coding unit
- one coding unit may be divided into a plurality of coding units having a lower depth based on a quad tree structure, a binary tree structure, and/or a ternary structure.
- a quad tree structure may be applied first and a binary tree structure and/or a ternary structure may be applied later.
- the binary tree structure may be applied first.
- a coding procedure according to this document may be performed based on the final coding unit that is no longer divided.
- the maximum coding unit may be directly used as the final coding unit based on coding efficiency according to image characteristics, or the coding unit may be recursively divided into coding units having a lower depth and thus optimized.
- a coding unit of the size of may be used as the final coding unit.
- the coding procedure may include procedures such as prediction, transformation, and restoration, which will be described later.
- the processing unit may further include a prediction unit (PU) or a transform unit (TU).
- the prediction unit and the transform unit may be divided or partitioned from the above-described final coding unit, respectively.
- the prediction unit may be a unit of sample prediction
- the transform unit may be a unit for deriving a transform coefficient and/or a unit for deriving a residual signal from the transform coefficient.
- a unit may be used interchangeably with terms such as a block or an area in some cases.
- an MxN block may represent a set of samples or transform coefficients including M columns and N rows.
- a sample may generally represent a pixel or a value of a pixel, and may represent only a pixel/pixel value of a luma component, or may represent only a pixel/pixel value of a chroma component.
- a sample may be used as a term corresponding to a picture (or an image) as a pixel or a pel.
- the encoding apparatus 200 subtracts the prediction signal (predicted block, prediction sample array) output from the inter prediction unit 221 or the intra prediction unit 222 from the input image signal (original block, original sample array) to obtain a residual A signal (residual signal, residual block, residual sample array) may be generated, and the generated residual signal is transmitted to the converter 232 .
- a unit for subtracting a prediction signal (prediction block, prediction sample array) from an input image signal (original block, original sample array) in the encoder 200 may be referred to as a subtraction unit 231 .
- the prediction unit may perform prediction on a processing target block (hereinafter, referred to as a current block) and generate a predicted block including prediction samples for the current block.
- the prediction unit may determine whether intra prediction or inter prediction is applied on a current block or CU basis.
- the prediction unit may generate various information about prediction, such as prediction mode information, and transmit it to the entropy encoding unit 240 , as will be described later in the description of each prediction mode.
- the prediction information may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 240 and output in the form of a bitstream.
- the intra prediction unit 222 may predict the current block with reference to samples in the current picture.
- the referenced samples may be located in the vicinity of the current block or may be located apart from each other according to the prediction mode.
- prediction modes may include a plurality of non-directional modes and a plurality of directional modes.
- the non-directional mode may include, for example, a DC mode and a planar mode (Planar mode).
- the directional mode may include, for example, 33 directional prediction modes or 65 directional prediction modes according to the granularity of the prediction direction. However, this is an example, and a higher or lower number of directional prediction modes may be used according to a setting.
- the intra prediction unit 222 may determine the prediction mode applied to the current block by using the prediction mode applied to the neighboring block.
- the inter prediction unit 221 may derive the predicted block for the current block based on the reference block (reference sample array) specified by the motion vector on the reference picture.
- motion information may be predicted in units of blocks, subblocks, or samples based on the correlation between motion information between neighboring blocks and the current block.
- the motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index.
- the motion information may further include inter prediction direction (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.) information.
- the neighboring blocks may include spatial neighboring blocks existing in the current picture and temporal neighboring blocks present in the reference picture.
- the reference picture including the reference block and the reference picture including the temporal neighboring block may be the same or different.
- the temporal neighboring block may be called a collocated reference block, a collocated CU (colCU), etc.
- a reference picture including the temporally neighboring block may be called a collocated picture (colPic).
- the inter prediction unit 221 constructs a motion information candidate list based on neighboring blocks, and provides information indicating which candidate is used to derive a motion vector and/or a reference picture index of the current block. can create Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes. For example, in the skip mode and merge mode, the inter prediction unit 221 may use motion information of a neighboring block as motion information of the current block. In the skip mode, unlike the merge mode, a residual signal may not be transmitted. In the case of motion vector prediction (MVP) mode, the motion vector of the current block is determined by using a motion vector of a neighboring block as a motion vector predictor and signaling a motion vector difference. can direct
- the prediction unit 220 may generate a prediction signal based on various prediction methods to be described later.
- the prediction unit may apply intra prediction or inter prediction for prediction of one block, and may simultaneously apply intra prediction and inter prediction. This can be called combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP).
- the prediction unit may be based on an intra block copy (IBC) prediction mode or based on a palette mode for prediction of a block.
- IBC prediction mode or the palette mode may be used for video/video coding of content such as games, for example, screen content coding (SCC).
- SCC screen content coding
- IBC basically performs prediction within the current picture, but may be performed similarly to inter prediction in that a reference block is derived within the current picture. That is, IBC may use at least one of the inter prediction techniques described in this document.
- the palette mode may be viewed as an example of intra coding or intra prediction. When the palette mode is applied, the sample value in the picture may be signaled based on information about the palette table and the palette index.
- the prediction signal generated by the prediction unit may be used to generate a reconstructed signal or may be used to generate a residual signal.
- the transform unit 232 may generate transform coefficients by applying a transform technique to the residual signal.
- the transformation technique may include at least one of a discrete cosine transform (DCT), a discrete sine transform (DST), a graph-based transform (GBT), or a conditionally non-linear transform (CNT).
- DCT discrete cosine transform
- DST discrete sine transform
- GBT graph-based transform
- CNT conditionally non-linear transform
- GBT means a transformation obtained from this graph when expressing relationship information between pixels in a graph.
- CNT refers to a transformation obtained by generating a prediction signal using all previously reconstructed pixels and based thereon.
- the transformation process may be applied to a block of pixels having the same size as a square, or may be applied to a block of a variable size that is not a square.
- the quantization unit 233 quantizes the transform coefficients and transmits them to the entropy encoding unit 240, and the entropy encoding unit 240 encodes the quantized signal (information on the quantized transform coefficients) and outputs it as a bitstream. have.
- Information about the quantized transform coefficients may be referred to as residual information.
- the quantization unit 233 may rearrange the quantized transform coefficients in a block form into a one-dimensional vector form based on a coefficient scan order, and the quantized transform coefficients in the one-dimensional vector form based on the quantized transform coefficients in the one-dimensional vector form. Information about the transform coefficients may be generated.
- the entropy encoding unit 240 may perform various encoding methods such as, for example, exponential Golomb, context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC), and context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC).
- the entropy encoding unit 240 may encode information necessary for video/image reconstruction (eg, values of syntax elements, etc.) other than the quantized transform coefficients together or separately.
- Encoded information (eg, encoded video/image information) may be transmitted or stored in a network abstraction layer (NAL) unit unit in a bitstream form.
- the video/image information may further include information about various parameter sets, such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS).
- APS adaptation parameter set
- PPS picture parameter set
- SPS sequence parameter set
- VPS video parameter set
- the video/image information may further include general constraint information.
- information and/or syntax elements transmitted/signaled from the encoding device to the decoding device may be included in video/image information.
- the video/image information may be encoded through the above-described encoding procedure and included in the bitstream.
- the bitstream may be transmitted over a network or may be stored in a digital storage medium.
- the network may include a broadcasting network and/or a communication network
- the digital storage medium may include various storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, and SSD.
- a transmitting unit (not shown) and/or a storing unit (not shown) for storing may be configured as internal/external elements of the encoding apparatus 200, or the transmitting unit It may be included in the entropy encoding unit 240 .
- the quantized transform coefficients output from the quantization unit 233 may be used to generate a prediction signal.
- the residual signal residual block or residual samples
- the adder 250 adds the reconstructed residual signal to the prediction signal output from the inter prediction unit 221 or the intra prediction unit 222 to obtain a reconstructed signal (reconstructed picture, reconstructed block, reconstructed sample array). can be created
- the predicted block may be used as a reconstructed block.
- the adder 250 may be referred to as a restoration unit or a restoration block generator.
- the generated reconstructed signal may be used for intra prediction of the next processing target block in the current picture, or may be used for inter prediction of the next picture after filtering as described below.
- LMCS luma mapping with chroma scaling
- the filtering unit 260 may improve subjective/objective image quality by applying filtering to the reconstructed signal.
- the filtering unit 260 may generate a modified reconstructed picture by applying various filtering methods to the reconstructed picture, and store the modified reconstructed picture in the memory 270 , specifically, the DPB of the memory 270 .
- the various filtering methods may include, for example, deblocking filtering, a sample adaptive offset, an adaptive loop filter, a bilateral filter, and the like.
- the filtering unit 260 may generate various types of filtering-related information and transmit it to the entropy encoding unit 240 , as will be described later in the description of each filtering method.
- the filtering-related information may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 240 and output in the form of a bitstream.
- the corrected reconstructed picture transmitted to the memory 270 may be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 221 .
- the encoding apparatus can avoid prediction mismatch between the encoding apparatus 200 and the decoding apparatus, and can also improve encoding efficiency.
- the memory 270 DPB may store the corrected reconstructed picture to be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 221 .
- the memory 270 may store motion information of a block from which motion information in the current picture is derived (or encoded) and/or motion information of blocks in an already reconstructed picture.
- the stored motion information may be transmitted to the inter prediction unit 221 to be used as motion information of a spatial neighboring block or motion information of a temporal neighboring block.
- the memory 270 may store reconstructed samples of blocks reconstructed in the current picture, and may transmit the reconstructed samples to the intra prediction unit 222 .
- the decoding device may include an image decoding device and/or a video decoding device.
- the decoding apparatus 300 includes an entropy decoder 310 , a residual processor 320 , a predictor 330 , an adder 340 , and a filtering unit. (filter, 350) and may be configured to include a memory (memoery, 360).
- the prediction unit 330 may include an inter prediction unit 331 and an intra prediction unit 332 .
- the residual processing unit 320 may include a dequantizer 321 and an inverse transformer 321 .
- the entropy decoding unit 310 , the residual processing unit 320 , the prediction unit 330 , the addition unit 340 , and the filtering unit 350 are one hardware component (eg, a decoder chipset or a processor according to an embodiment). ) can be configured by
- the memory 360 may include a decoded picture buffer (DPB), and may be configured by a digital storage medium.
- the hardware component may further include a memory 360 as an internal/external component.
- the decoding apparatus 300 may reconstruct an image corresponding to a process in which the video/image information is processed in the encoding apparatus of FIG. 2 .
- the decoding apparatus 300 may derive units/blocks based on block division related information obtained from the bitstream.
- the decoding apparatus 300 may perform decoding by using a processing unit applied in the encoding apparatus.
- the processing unit of decoding may be, for example, a coding unit, and the coding unit may be divided along a quad tree structure, a binary tree structure and/or a ternary tree structure from a coding tree unit or a largest coding unit.
- One or more transform units may be derived from a coding unit.
- the reconstructed image signal decoded and output through the decoding apparatus 300 may be reproduced through the reproduction apparatus.
- the decoding apparatus 300 may receive a signal output from the encoding apparatus of FIG. 2 in the form of a bitstream, and the received signal may be decoded through the entropy decoding unit 310 .
- the entropy decoding unit 310 may parse the bitstream to derive information (eg, video/image information) required for image restoration (or picture restoration).
- the video/image information may further include information about various parameter sets, such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS).
- the video/image information may further include general constraint information.
- the decoding apparatus may decode the picture further based on the information on the parameter set and/or the general restriction information.
- Signaled/received information and/or syntax elements described later in this document may be decoded through the decoding procedure and obtained from the bitstream.
- the entropy decoding unit 310 decodes information in a bitstream based on a coding method such as exponential Golomb encoding, CAVLC or CABAC, and a value of a syntax element required for image reconstruction, and a quantized value of a transform coefficient related to a residual can be printed out.
- the CABAC entropy decoding method receives a bin corresponding to each syntax element in the bitstream, and decodes the syntax element information to be decoded and the decoding information of the surrounding and decoding target blocks or the symbol/bin information decoded in the previous step.
- a context model is determined using the context model, and the probability of occurrence of a bin is predicted according to the determined context model, and a symbol corresponding to the value of each syntax element can be generated by performing arithmetic decoding of the bin.
- the CABAC entropy decoding method may update the context model by using the decoded symbol/bin information for the context model of the next symbol/bin after determining the context model.
- Prediction-related information among the information decoded by the entropy decoding unit 310 is provided to the prediction unit (the inter prediction unit 332 and the intra prediction unit 331), and the entropy decoding unit 310 performs entropy decoding.
- the dual value that is, the quantized transform coefficients and related parameter information may be input to the residual processing unit 320 .
- the residual processing unit 320 may derive a residual signal (residual block, residual samples, residual sample array). Also, information on filtering among the information decoded by the entropy decoding unit 310 may be provided to the filtering unit 350 .
- a receiving unit (not shown) for receiving a signal output from the encoding apparatus may be further configured as an internal/external element of the decoding apparatus 300 , or the receiving unit may be a component of the entropy decoding unit 310 .
- the decoding apparatus may be called a video/image/picture decoding apparatus, and the decoding apparatus is divided into an information decoder (video/image/picture information decoder) and a sample decoder (video/image/picture sample decoder).
- the information decoder may include the entropy decoding unit 310 , and the sample decoder includes the inverse quantization unit 321 , the inverse transform unit 322 , the adder 340 , the filtering unit 350 , and the memory 360 . ), an inter prediction unit 332 and at least one of an intra prediction unit 331 .
- the inverse quantizer 321 may inverse quantize the quantized transform coefficients to output transform coefficients.
- the inverse quantizer 321 may rearrange the quantized transform coefficients in a two-dimensional block form. In this case, the rearrangement may be performed based on the coefficient scan order performed by the encoding device.
- the inverse quantizer 321 may perform inverse quantization on the quantized transform coefficients using a quantization parameter (eg, quantization step size information) and obtain transform coefficients.
- a quantization parameter eg, quantization step size information
- the inverse transform unit 322 inverse transforms the transform coefficients to obtain a residual signal (residual block, residual sample array).
- the prediction unit 330 may perform prediction on the current block and generate a predicted block including prediction samples for the current block.
- the prediction unit 330 may determine whether intra prediction or inter prediction is applied to the current block based on the prediction information output from the entropy decoding unit 310, and determine a specific intra/inter prediction mode.
- the prediction unit 330 may generate a prediction signal based on various prediction methods to be described later. For example, the prediction unit 330 may apply intra prediction or inter prediction for prediction of one block, and may simultaneously apply intra prediction and inter prediction. This can be called combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP). Also, the prediction unit 330 may be based on an intra block copy (IBC) prediction mode or based on a palette mode for prediction of a block.
- IBC intra block copy
- the IBC prediction mode or the palette mode may be used for video/video coding of content such as games, for example, screen content coding (SCC). IBC basically performs prediction within the current picture, but may be performed similarly to inter prediction in that a reference block is derived within the current picture. That is, IBC may use at least one of the inter prediction techniques described in this document.
- the palette mode may be viewed as an example of intra coding or intra prediction. When the palette mode is applied, information about a palette table and a palette index may be included in the video/image information and signaled.
- the intra prediction unit 331 may predict the current block with reference to samples in the current picture.
- the referenced samples may be located in the vicinity of the current block or may be located apart from each other according to the prediction mode.
- prediction modes may include a plurality of non-directional modes and a plurality of directional modes.
- the intra prediction unit 331 may determine the prediction mode applied to the current block by using the prediction mode applied to the neighboring block.
- the inter prediction unit 332 may derive the predicted block for the current block based on the reference block (reference sample array) specified by the motion vector on the reference picture.
- motion information may be predicted in units of blocks, subblocks, or samples based on the correlation between motion information between neighboring blocks and the current block.
- the motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index.
- the motion information may further include inter prediction direction (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.) information.
- the neighboring blocks may include spatial neighboring blocks existing in the current picture and temporal neighboring blocks present in the reference picture.
- the inter prediction unit 332 may construct a motion information candidate list based on neighboring blocks, and derive a motion vector and/or a reference picture index of the current block based on the received candidate selection information. Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes, and the information on the prediction may include information indicating a mode of inter prediction for the current block.
- the adder 340 restores the obtained residual signal by adding it to the prediction signal (predicted block, prediction sample array) output from the prediction unit (including the inter prediction unit 332 and/or the intra prediction unit 331 ).
- a signal (reconstructed picture, reconstructed block, reconstructed sample array) may be generated.
- the predicted block may be used as a reconstructed block.
- the adder 340 may be referred to as a restoration unit or a restoration block generator.
- the generated reconstructed signal may be used for intra prediction of the next processing object block in the current picture, may be output through filtering as described below, or may be used for inter prediction of the next picture.
- LMCS luma mapping with chroma scaling
- the filtering unit 350 may improve subjective/objective image quality by applying filtering to the reconstructed signal.
- the filtering unit 350 may generate a modified reconstructed picture by applying various filtering methods to the reconstructed picture, and store the modified reconstructed picture in the memory 360 , specifically, the DPB of the memory 360 .
- the various filtering methods may include, for example, deblocking filtering, a sample adaptive offset, an adaptive loop filter, a bilateral filter, and the like.
- the (modified) reconstructed picture stored in the DPB of the memory 360 may be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 332 .
- the memory 360 may store motion information of a block from which motion information in the current picture is derived (or decoded) and/or motion information of blocks in an already reconstructed picture.
- the stored motion information may be transmitted to the inter prediction unit 332 to be used as motion information of a spatial neighboring block or motion information of a temporal neighboring block.
- the memory 360 may store reconstructed samples of blocks reconstructed in the current picture, and may transmit the reconstructed samples to the intra prediction unit 331 .
- the embodiments described in the filtering unit 260 , the inter prediction unit 221 , and the intra prediction unit 222 of the encoding apparatus 200 are the filtering unit 350 and the inter prediction unit of the decoding apparatus 300 , respectively.
- the same or corresponding application may be applied to the unit 332 and the intra prediction unit 331 .
- prediction is performed to increase compression efficiency in video coding.
- the predicted block includes prediction samples in the spatial domain (or pixel domain).
- the predicted block is derived equally from the encoding device and the decoding device, and the encoding device decodes information (residual information) about the residual between the original block and the predicted block, not the original sample value of the original block itself.
- the decoding apparatus may derive a residual block including residual samples based on the residual information, and generate a reconstructed block including reconstructed samples by adding the residual block and the predicted block, and reconstruct the reconstructed blocks. It is possible to generate a restored picture including
- the residual information may be generated through transformation and quantization procedures.
- the encoding apparatus derives a residual block between the original block and the predicted block, and performs a transform procedure on residual samples (residual sample array) included in the residual block to derive transform coefficients Then, by performing a quantization procedure on the transform coefficients, quantized transform coefficients are derived, and related residual information can be signaled to the decoding apparatus (via a bitstream).
- the residual information may include information such as value information of the quantized transform coefficients, location information, a transform technique, a transform kernel, and a quantization parameter.
- the decoding apparatus may perform an inverse quantization/inverse transformation procedure based on the residual information and derive residual samples (or residual blocks).
- the decoding apparatus may generate a reconstructed picture based on the predicted block and the residual block.
- the encoding apparatus may also inverse quantize/inverse transform the quantized transform coefficients for reference for inter prediction of a later picture to derive a residual block, and generate a reconstructed picture based thereon.
- At least one of quantization/inverse quantization and/or transform/inverse transform may be omitted.
- the quantized transform coefficient may be referred to as a transform coefficient.
- the transform coefficient may be called a coefficient or a residual coefficient, or may still be called a transform coefficient for uniformity of expression.
- a quantized transform coefficient and a transform coefficient may be referred to as a transform coefficient and a scaled transform coefficient, respectively.
- the residual information may include information on the transform coefficient(s), and the information on the transform coefficient(s) may be signaled through a residual coding syntax.
- Transform coefficients may be derived based on the residual information (or information about the transform coefficient(s)), and scaled transform coefficients may be derived through inverse transform (scaling) on the transform coefficients.
- Residual samples may be derived based on an inverse transform (transform) of the scaled transform coefficients. This may be applied/expressed in other parts of this document as well.
- intra prediction may indicate prediction that generates prediction samples for the current block based on reference samples in a picture to which the current block belongs (hereinafter, referred to as a current picture).
- a current picture reference samples in a picture to which the current block belongs
- neighboring reference samples to be used for intra prediction of the current block may be derived.
- the neighboring reference samples of the current block are a sample adjacent to the left boundary of the current block of size nWxnH and a total of 2xnH samples neighboring to the bottom-left, a sample adjacent to the top boundary of the current block, and A total of 2xnW samples neighboring the top-right side and one sample neighboring the top-left side of the current block may be included.
- the neighboring reference samples of the current block may include a plurality of columns of upper neighboring samples and a plurality of rows of left neighboring samples.
- the neighboring reference samples of the current block include a total of nH samples adjacent to the right boundary of the current block of size nWxnH, a total of nW samples adjacent to the bottom boundary of the current block, and the lower right ( It may include one sample neighboring to the bottom-right).
- the decoder may construct neighboring reference samples to be used for prediction by substituting the unavailable samples with the available samples.
- neighboring reference samples to be used for prediction may be configured through interpolation of available samples.
- a prediction sample When neighboring reference samples are derived, (i) a prediction sample may be derived based on an average or interpolation of neighboring reference samples of the current block, and (ii) a neighboring reference sample of the current block Among them, a prediction sample may be derived based on a reference sample existing in a specific (prediction) direction with respect to the prediction sample.
- the case of (i) may be called a non-directional mode or a non-angular mode, and the case of (ii) may be called a directional mode or an angular mode.
- the first neighboring sample located in the prediction direction of the intra prediction mode of the current block and the second neighboring sample located in the opposite direction to the prediction direction are interpolated.
- a prediction sample may be generated.
- LIP linear interpolation intra prediction
- chroma prediction samples may be generated based on the luma samples using a linear model (LM). This case may be called an LM mode or a chroma component LM (CCLM) mode.
- LM linear model
- CCLM chroma component LM
- a temporary prediction sample of the current block is derived based on the filtered peripheral reference samples, and at least one reference sample derived according to the intra prediction mode among existing peripheral reference samples, that is, unfiltered peripheral reference samples. and a temporary prediction sample may be weighted summed to derive a prediction sample of the current block.
- PDPC position dependent intra prediction
- a reference sample line with the highest prediction accuracy is selected from among the multiple reference sample lines surrounding the current block, and a prediction sample is derived using a reference sample located in the prediction direction in the corresponding line, and at this time, the used reference sample line is decoded by a decoding device.
- Intra prediction encoding may be performed by instructing (signaling) the .
- the above-described case may be referred to as multi-reference line intra prediction or MRL-based intra prediction.
- the current block is divided into vertical or horizontal sub-partitions to perform intra prediction based on the same intra prediction mode, but neighboring reference samples may be derived and used in units of sub-partitions. That is, in this case, the intra prediction mode for the current block is equally applied to the sub-partitions, but the intra prediction performance may be improved in some cases by deriving and using the neighboring reference samples in units of the sub-partitions.
- Such a prediction method may be called intra-prediction based on intra sub-partitions (ISP).
- the above-described intra prediction methods may be called an intra prediction type to be distinguished from the intra prediction mode.
- the intra prediction type may be referred to by various terms such as an intra prediction technique or an additional intra prediction mode.
- the intra prediction type (or additional intra prediction mode, etc.) may include at least one of the above-described LIP, PDPC, MRL, and ISP.
- a general intra prediction method excluding a specific intra prediction type such as LIP, PDPC, MRL, and ISP may be referred to as a normal intra prediction type.
- the normal intra prediction type may be generally applied when the above specific intra prediction type is not applied, and prediction may be performed based on the above-described intra prediction mode. Meanwhile, if necessary, post-processing filtering may be performed on the derived prediction sample.
- the above-described intra prediction modes may include two non-directional intra prediction modes and 65 directional prediction modes.
- the non-directional intra prediction modes may include a planar intra prediction mode and a DC intra prediction mode, and the directional intra prediction modes may include No. 2 to No. 66 intra prediction modes.
- intra prediction modes having horizontal directionality and intra prediction modes having vertical directionality may be distinguished based on the intra prediction mode No. 34 having an upward-left diagonal prediction direction. That is, the intra prediction modes Nos. 2 to 33 have horizontal directionality, and the intra prediction modes No. 34 to No. 66 have vertical directionality.
- No. 18 intra prediction mode and No. 50 intra prediction mode represent a horizontal intra prediction mode and a vertical intra prediction mode, respectively, and No. 2 intra prediction mode is a left-down diagonal intra prediction mode,
- the 34th intra prediction mode may represent a left-hand diagonal intra prediction mode, and the 66th intra prediction mode may represent a right-up diagonal intra prediction mode.
- the non-directional intra prediction modes may include a planar intra prediction mode of No. 0 and a DC intra prediction mode of No. 1.
- the transform unit may correspond to the transform unit in the encoding apparatus of FIG. 2 described above, and the inverse transform unit may correspond to the inverse transform unit in the encoding apparatus of FIG. 2 or the inverse transform unit in the decoding apparatus of FIG. 3 . .
- the transform unit may derive (primary) transform coefficients by performing a primary transform based on residual samples (residual sample array) in the residual block ( S510 ).
- This primary transform may be referred to as a core transform.
- the primary transform may be based on multiple transform selection (MTS), and when multiple transforms are applied as the primary transform, it may be referred to as a multiple core transform.
- MTS multiple transform selection
- the multi-core transform may indicate a transformation method by additionally using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) Type 2, Discrete Sine Transform (DST) Type 7, DCT Type 8, and/or DST Type 1 . That is, the multi-core transform converts a residual signal (or residual block) in a spatial domain based on a plurality of transform kernels selected from among the DCT type 2, the DST type 7, the DCT type 8, and the DST type 1 in the frequency domain.
- DCT type 2, DST type 7, DCT type 8, and DST type 1 may be referred to as a transform type, a transform kernel, or a transform core.
- These DCT/DST transform types may be defined based on basis functions.
- a vertical transformation kernel and a horizontal transformation kernel for the target block may be selected from among the transformation kernels, and the vertical transformation is performed on the target block based on the vertical transformation kernel, and the Horizontal transformation may be performed on the target block based on a horizontal transformation kernel.
- the horizontal transformation may indicate transformation of horizontal components of the target block
- the vertical transformation may indicate transformation of vertical components of the target block.
- trTypeHor when performing a first-order transformation by applying MTS, specific basis functions are set to predetermined values, and whether any basis functions are applied when a vertical transformation or a horizontal transformation is combined is combined to form a mapping relationship for the transformation kernel.
- trTypeHor when performing a first-order transformation by applying MTS, specific basis functions are set to predetermined values, and whether any basis functions are applied when a vertical transformation or a horizontal transformation is combined is combined to form a mapping relationship for the transformation kernel.
- trTypeHor when performing a first-order transformation by applying MTS, specific basis functions are set to predetermined values, and whether any basis functions are applied when a vertical transformation or a horizontal transformation is combined is combined to form a mapping relationship for the transformation kernel.
- trTypeHor when performing a first-order transformation by applying MTS, specific basis functions are set to predetermined values, and whether any basis functions are applied when a vertical transformation or a horizontal transformation is combined is combined to form a mapping relationship for the transformation kernel.
- MTS index information may be encoded and signaled to a decoding apparatus to indicate any one of a plurality of transform kernel sets. For example, if the MTS index is 0, it indicates that both trTypeHor and trTypeVer values are 0; if the MTS index is 1, it indicates that both trTypeHor and trTypeVer values are 1; indicates that it is 1, if the MTS index is 3, the trTypeHor value is 1 and the trTypeVer value is 2, and if the MTS index is 4, it may indicate that both trTypeHor and trTypeVer values are 2.
- a table of transformation kernel sets according to MTS index information is as follows.
- the transform unit may derive modified (second order) transform coefficients by performing a secondary transform based on the (primary) transform coefficients ( S520 ).
- the first-order transform is a transform from the spatial domain to the frequency domain, and the second-order transform means transforming into a more compact representation using a correlation existing between (first-order) transform coefficients.
- the secondary transform may include a non-separable transform. In this case, the secondary transform may be referred to as a non-separable secondary transform (NSST) or a mode-dependent non-separable secondary transform (MDNSST).
- the non-separable quadratic transform is a second-order transform of (primary) transform coefficients derived through the primary transform based on a non-separable transform matrix to obtain modified transform coefficients for the residual signal. (or second-order transform coefficients).
- the transform may be applied at once without separating the vertical transform and the horizontal transform (or independently applying the horizontal/vertical transform) to the (first order) transform coefficients based on the non-separated transform matrix.
- the non-separated quadratic transform rearranges two-dimensional signals (transform coefficients) into a one-dimensional signal through a specific predetermined direction (eg, a row-first direction or a column-first direction). , may derive modified transform coefficients (or second-order transform coefficients) based on a matrix operation of the one-dimensional vector and the non-separated transform matrix.
- the row-major order is to arrange in a row in the order of 1st row, 2nd row, ..., Nth row for MxN blocks
- column-major order is 1st column, 2nd row for MxN blocks.
- Columns, ... are arranged in a row in the order of the Mth column. That is, for the non-separated quadratic transform, the transform coefficients derived through the primary transform may be sorted into a one-dimensional vector according to the row-major direction, and then a matrix operation may be performed, and may be sorted into a one-dimensional vector according to the column-major direction. After that, a matrix operation may be performed.
- the non-separated quadratic transform may be applied to a top-left region of a block (hereinafter, referred to as a transform coefficient block or a transform block) composed of (first order) transform coefficients.
- a transform coefficient block or a transform block composed of (first order) transform coefficients.
- an 8 ⁇ 8 non-separated quadratic transform may be applied to the upper left 8 ⁇ 8 region of the transform coefficient block.
- both the width W and the height H of the transform coefficient block are 4 or more and the width W or the height H of the transform coefficient block is less than 8
- 4 ⁇ 4 non-separated quadratic A transform may be applied to the upper-left min(8,W) ⁇ min(8,H) region of the transform coefficient block.
- the embodiment is not limited thereto, and for example, even if only the condition that the width W or the height H of the transform coefficient block is equal to or greater than 4, the 4 ⁇ 4 non-separated quadratic transform is performed at the upper left end of the transform coefficient block. It may be applied to the min(8,W) ⁇ min(8,H) region.
- the non-separated quadratic transform may be applied to the upper left 4 ⁇ 4 region or 8 ⁇ 8 region of the transform block according to the size of the transform block.
- the transformation of the upper left 4x4 region may be referred to as a 4x4 transformation
- the transformation of the upper left 8x8 region may be referred to as an 8x8 transformation.
- two non-separated quadratic transform kernels per transform set for non-separated quadratic transform for both 8 ⁇ 8 transform and 4 ⁇ 4 transform may be configured, and the transform set is four.
- the transform set is four.
- four transform sets may be configured for an 8 ⁇ 8 transform
- four transform sets may be configured for a 4 ⁇ 4 transform.
- each of the four transform sets for the 8 ⁇ 8 transform may include two 8 ⁇ 8 transform kernels, and in this case, two 4 ⁇ 4 transform kernels are included in the four transform sets for the 4 ⁇ 4 transform. may be included.
- the size of the transform that is, the size of the region to which the transform is applied
- a size other than 8 ⁇ 8 or 4 ⁇ 4 may be used as an example
- the number of sets is n
- the number of transform kernels in each set is k it could be a dog
- the transform set may be referred to as an NSST set or an LFNST set. Selection of a specific set among the transform sets may be performed based on, for example, an intra prediction mode of a current block (CU or subblock).
- a Low-Frequency Non-Separable Transform (LFNST) may be an example of a reduced non-separable transform, which will be described later, and represents a non-separable transform with respect to a low frequency component.
- mapping of the four transform sets according to the intra prediction mode may be shown, for example, as shown in Table 2 below.
- the intra prediction modes may be mapped to any one of four transform sets, that is, lfnstTrSetIdx, from 0 to 3, or any one of 4.
- one of k transform kernels in the specific set may be selected through the non-separated quadratic transform index.
- the encoding device may derive a non-separated secondary transform index indicating a specific transform kernel based on a rate-distortion (RD) check, and may signal the non-separated secondary transform index to the decoding device.
- the decoding apparatus may select one of k transform kernels in a specific set based on the non-separated quadratic transform index.
- an lfnst index value of 0 may point to the first non-separated quadratic transform kernel
- an lfnst index value of 1 may point to a second non-split quadratic transform kernel
- an lfnst index value of 2 may point to the third non-split quadratic transform kernel.
- an lfnst index value of 0 may indicate that the first non-separated quadratic transformation is not applied to the target block
- lfnst index values 1 to 3 may indicate the three transformation kernels.
- the transform unit may perform the non-separated quadratic transform based on the selected transform kernels and obtain modified (second order) transform coefficients.
- the modified transform coefficients may be derived as quantized transform coefficients through the quantization unit as described above, and may be encoded and transmitted to a signaling device for signaling and an inverse quantization/inverse transform unit within the encoding device.
- the (first order) transform coefficients that are the output of the first (separate) transform can be derived as quantized transform coefficients through the quantization unit as described above, and are encoded. It may be transmitted to the inverse quantization/inverse transform unit in the signaling and encoding device to the decoding device.
- the inverse transform unit may perform a series of procedures in the reverse order of the procedures performed by the above-described transform unit.
- the inverse transform unit receives the (inverse quantized) transform coefficients, performs a secondary (inverse) transform to derive (primary) transform coefficients (S530), and performs a first order (inverse) with respect to the (primary) transform coefficients
- a residual block may be obtained by performing transformation (S540).
- the first-order transform coefficients may be referred to as modified transform coefficients from the standpoint of the inverse transform unit.
- the encoding apparatus and the decoding apparatus may generate a reconstructed block based on the residual block and the predicted block, and generate a reconstructed picture based on this.
- the inverse transform unit applies a transform kernel matrix to the sorted (inverse quantized) transform coefficients according to a specific order, for example, a diagonal scan order (specifically, a diagonal scan order that starts from the upper left of the transform block and proceeds in the lower right direction).
- a modified transform coefficient can be derived.
- the modified transform coefficients may be two-dimensionally arranged in the upper-left region of the transform block according to the direction in which the transform coefficients are read for the second-order transform by the transform unit, that is, a row-first direction or a column-first direction.
- the inverse transform unit may two-dimensionally align the modified transform coefficients in the 4 ⁇ 4 region of the transform block.
- the modified transform coefficients in the 8 ⁇ 8 region can be arranged in two dimensions.
- the secondary inverse transform may be NSST, reduced secondary transform (RST), or LFNST, and whether to apply the secondary inverse transform may be determined based on the secondary transform flag parsed from the bitstream. As another example, whether to apply the second-order inverse transform may be determined based on transform coefficients of the residual block.
- Such a quadratic inverse transform (ie, transform kernel, transform matrix, or transform kernel matrix) may be determined based on an LFNST (NSST or RST) transform set designated according to an intra prediction mode.
- a method for determining a secondary transform may be determined depending on a method for determining a primary transform.
- Various combinations of the first transform and the quadratic transform may be determined according to the intra prediction mode.
- a region to which a second-order inverse transform is applied may be determined based on the size of the current block.
- a residual block (residual samples) may be obtained by receiving the (inverse quantized) transform coefficients and performing the primary (separation) inverse transform.
- the encoding apparatus and the decoding apparatus may generate a reconstructed block based on the residual block and the predicted block, and generate a reconstructed picture based on this.
- a reduced secondary transform in which the size of a transform matrix (kernel) is reduced can be applied in the concept of NSST in order to reduce the amount of computation and memory required for non-separated quadratic transform.
- the RST since the RST is mainly performed in a low-frequency region including non-zero coefficients in the transform block, it may be referred to as a low-frequency non-separable transform (LFNST).
- the conversion index may be referred to as an LFNST index.
- LFNST may refer to a transformation performed on residual samples of a target block based on a reduced-size transform matrix.
- the simplified transformation is performed, the amount of computation required for transformation may be reduced due to a reduction in the size of the transformation matrix. That is, the LFNST may be used to solve a computational complexity issue that occurs during transformation or non-separation transformation of a large block.
- the inverse transform unit 235 of the encoding apparatus 200 and the inverse transform unit 322 of the decoding apparatus 300 perform a modified transform based on the inverse RST of the transform coefficients. It may include an inverse RST unit for deriving coefficients, and an inverse linear transformation unit for deriving residual samples for the target block based on the inverse linear transformation of the modified transform coefficients.
- the inverse first-order transform means an inverse transform of the first-order transform applied to the residual.
- deriving a transform coefficient based on a transform may mean deriving a transform coefficient by applying a corresponding transform.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining RST or LFNST to which RST is applied according to an embodiment of the present document.
- a “target block” may mean a current block or a residual block or a transform block on which coding is performed.
- a reduced transformation matrix may be determined by mapping an N-dimensional vector to an R-dimensional vector located in another space, where R is less than N.
- N may mean the square of the length of one side of the block to which the transform is applied or the total number of transform coefficients corresponding to the block to which the transform is applied
- the simplification factor may mean an R/N value.
- the simplification factor may be referred to by various terms such as a reduced factor, a reduction factor, a reduced factor, a reduction factor, a simplified factor, and a simple factor.
- R may be referred to as a reduced coefficient, but in some cases, the simplification factor may mean R.
- the simplification factor may mean an N/R value.
- the size of the simplified transform matrix according to an embodiment is RxN smaller than the size NxN of the normal transform matrix, and may be defined as in Equation 1 below.
- the matrix T in the Reduced Transform block shown in (a) of FIG. 6 may mean the matrix T RxN of Equation 1.
- transform coefficients for the target block may be derived.
- the RST according to (a) of FIG. 6 is It can be expressed as a matrix operation as in Equation (2).
- the memory and the multiplication operation may be reduced to approximately 1/4 by the simplification factor.
- a matrix operation may be understood as an operation to obtain a column vector by placing a matrix to the left of a column vector and multiplying the matrix and the column vector.
- r 1 to r 64 may represent residual samples for the target block, and more specifically, may be transform coefficients generated by applying a first-order transform.
- transform coefficients c i for the target block may be derived, and the derivation process of c i may be the same as in Equation 3 .
- the size of the normal transform matrix is 64x64 (NxN), but the size of the simplified transform matrix is reduced to 16x64 (RxN). Memory usage can be reduced by R/N ratio.
- the number of multiplication operations can be reduced (RxN) by an R/N ratio.
- the transform unit 232 of the encoding apparatus 200 may derive transform coefficients for the target block by performing a primary transform and an RST-based secondary transform on the residual samples of the target block. These transform coefficients may be transmitted to an inverse transform unit of the decoding apparatus 300 , and the inverse transform unit 322 of the decoding apparatus 300 derives modified transform coefficients based on an inverse reduced secondary transform (RST) for the transform coefficients. Then, residual samples for the target block may be derived based on the inverse first-order transform of the modified transform coefficients.
- RST inverse reduced secondary transform
- the size of the inverse RST matrix T NxR is NxR smaller than the size NxN of the normal inverse transform matrix, and is in a transpose relationship with the simplified transform matrix T RxN shown in Equation (1).
- a matrix T t in the Transform block may mean an inverse RST matrix T RxN T (superscript T means transform).
- T means transform
- modified transform coefficients for the target block or residual samples for the target block may be derived.
- the inverse RST matrix T RxN T may be expressed as (T RxN ) T NxR .
- modified transform coefficients for the target block may be derived.
- an inverse RST may be applied as an inverse first-order transform.
- the transform coefficients for the target block are multiplied by the inverse RST matrix T RxN T , residual samples for the target block may be derived.
- the inverse RST according to (b) of FIG. 6 is It can be expressed as a matrix operation as in Equation 4 below.
- Equation 4 c 1 to c 16 may represent transform coefficients for the target block, that is, transform coefficients derived through residual coding.
- ri representing the modified transform coefficients for the target block or residual samples for the target block may be derived, and the derivation process of ri may be the same as in Equation 5.
- Equation 5 r 1 to r N indicating modified transform coefficients for the target block or residual samples for the target block may be derived. Since N is 64 in Equation 4, 64 modified transform coefficients can be derived through Equation 5.
- the size of the normal inverse transform matrix is 64x64 (NxN), but the size of the simplified inverse transform matrix is reduced to 64x16 (NxR). It is possible to reduce the memory usage at the time of R/N ratio.
- NxR 64x16
- a simplified inverse transform matrix or an inverse transform matrix may be called a simplified transform matrix or a transform matrix if it is not confused as to whether it is a transform or an inverse transform.
- a maximum of 16 x 48 transform kernel by selecting only 48 data, not a 16 x 64 transform kernel matrix, for 64 data constituting an 8 x 8 region matrix can be applied.
- maximum means that the maximum value of m is 16 for an m x 48 transform kernel matrix capable of generating m coefficients.
- a 48 ⁇ 1 vector may be configured by appropriately arranging 48 pieces of data constituting an 8 ⁇ 8 area.
- a 48 ⁇ 1 vector may be configured based on 48 pieces of data constituting a region excluding the lower right 4 ⁇ 4 region among the 8 ⁇ 8 regions.
- 16 modified transform coefficients are generated.
- the 16 modified transform coefficients may be disposed in the upper left 4 x 4 region according to the scanning order, and the upper right The 4x4 area and the lower left 4x4 area may be filled with zeros.
- the transposed matrix of the transform kernel matrix described above may be used for the inverse transform of the decoding process. That is, when inverse RST or inverse LFNST is performed as an inverse transform process performed by the decoding apparatus, input coefficient data to which inverse RST is applied is composed of a one-dimensional vector according to a predetermined arrangement order (diagonal scanning order), and a one-dimensional vector A modified coefficient vector obtained by multiplying a corresponding inverse RST matrix from the left may be arranged in a two-dimensional block according to a predetermined arrangement order.
- nx1 vector may be interpreted as having the same meaning as the nx1 matrix, and thus may be expressed as an nx1 column vector.
- * means a matrix multiplication operation.
- 48 modified transform coefficients may be derived, and the 48 modified transform coefficients may be arranged in the upper left, upper right, and lower left regions except for the lower right region of the 8x8 region.
- the quantization unit of the encoding apparatus applies quantization to the transform coefficients to derive quantized transform coefficients, and the inverse quantizer of the encoding apparatus or the inverse quantizer of the decoding apparatus inversely quantizes the quantized transform coefficients. can be applied to derive transform coefficients.
- a quantization rate may be changed, and compression may be adjusted using the changed quantization rate.
- a quantization parameter may be used instead of using a quantization rate directly in consideration of complexity.
- quantization parameters of integer values from 0 to 63 may be used, and each quantization parameter value may correspond to an actual quantization rate.
- the quantization parameter QP Y for the luma component (luma sample) and the quantization parameter QP C for the chroma component (chroma sample) may be set differently.
- the quantization process takes a transform coefficient (C) as an input and divides it by a quantization rate (Q step ) to obtain a quantized transform coefficient (C ⁇ ) based on this.
- a quantization rate is multiplied by a scale to form an integer, and a shift operation may be performed by a value corresponding to the scale value.
- a quantization scale may be derived based on the product of the quantization rate and the scale value. That is, the quantization scale may be derived according to the QP. For example, by applying the quantization scale to the transform coefficient C, a quantized transform coefficient C′ may be derived based thereon.
- the inverse quantization process is the inverse process of the quantization process, and a quantized transform coefficient (C') is multiplied by a quantization rate (Q step ), and a reconstructed transform coefficient (C') can be obtained based on this.
- a level scale may be derived according to the quantization parameter, and the level scale is applied to the quantized transform coefficient C ⁇ , and a reconstructed transform coefficient C ⁇ is derived based on this.
- the reconstructed transform coefficient C ⁇ may be slightly different from the original transform coefficient C due to loss in the transform and/or quantization process. Accordingly, the encoding apparatus performs inverse quantization in the same manner as in the decoding apparatus.
- an adaptive frequency weighting quantization technique that adjusts quantization intensity according to frequency may be applied.
- the adaptive frequency-by-frequency weighted quantization technique is a method of applying different quantization strengths for each frequency.
- a quantization intensity for each frequency may be differently applied using a predefined quantization scaling matrix. That is, the above-described quantization/inverse quantization process may be performed based on the quantization scaling matrix.
- different quantization scaling metrics may be used according to the size of the current block and/or whether a prediction mode applied to the current block is inter prediction or intra prediction in order to generate a residual signal of the current block.
- the quantization scaling matrix may be referred to as a quantization matrix or a scaling matrix.
- the quantization scaling matrix may be predefined.
- quantization scale information for each frequency for the quantization scaling matrix may be configured/encoded in the encoding device and signaled to the decoding device.
- the quantization scale information for each frequency may be referred to as quantization scaling information.
- the quantization scale information for each frequency may include scaling list data (scaling_list_data).
- scaling_list_data The (modified) quantization scaling matrix may be derived based on the scaling list data.
- the quantization scale information for each frequency may include present flag information indicating whether the scaling list data exists. Alternatively, when the scaling list data is signaled at a higher level (eg, SPS), it indicates whether the scaling list data is modified at a lower level (eg, PPS or tile group header, etc.) of the higher level. information may be further included.
- quantization/inverse quantization may be applied to the luma component and the chroma component based on the quantization parameter.
- Quantization parameters for a coding unit may be determined based on information signaled at a picture and/or slice level. For example, the quantization parameters may be derived as described below.
- SPS sequence parameter set
- Semantics of the syntax elements of Table 3 described above may be as shown in the following table.
- the syntax element bit_depth_luma_minus8 may indicate BitDepth Y which is a bit depth of samples of a luma array and QpBdOffset Y which is a luma quantization parameter range offset. That is, for example, the BitDepth Y and the QpBdOffset Y may be derived based on the syntax element bit_depth_luma_minus8. For example, the BitDepth Y may be derived as a value obtained by adding 8 to the value of the syntax element bit_depth_luma_minus8, and the QpBdOffset Y may be derived as a value obtained by multiplying the value of the syntax element bit_depth_luma_minus8 by 6. Also, the bit_depth_luma_minus8 may be in the range of 0 to 8.
- the syntax element bit_depth_chroma_minus8 may indicate BitDepth c , which is a bit depth of samples of a chroma array, and QpBdOffset c , which is a chroma quantization parameter range offset. That is, for example, the BitDepth c and the QpBdOffset c may be derived based on the syntax element bit_depth_chroma_minus8.
- the BitDepth c may be derived as a value obtained by adding 8 to the value of the syntax element bit_depth_chroma_minus8, and the QpBdOffset c may be derived as a value obtained by multiplying the value of the syntax element bit_depth_chroma_minus8 by 6. Also, the bit_depth_chroma_minus8 may be in the range of 0 to 8.
- information related to deriving quantization parameters through a picture parameter set may be signaled as shown in the following table.
- the information may include a chroma Cb offset, a chroma Cr offset, a joint chroma offset, and an initial quantization parameter. That is, the information may include syntax elements for a chroma Cb offset, a chroma Cr offset, a joint chroma offset, and an initial quantization parameter.
- Semantics of the syntax elements of Table 5 described above may be as shown in the following table.
- a value obtained by adding 26 to the syntax element init_qp_minus26 may indicate an initial value of SliceQpY for each slice referring to the PPS.
- the initial value of SliceQpY may be modified in a slice layer.
- the init_qp_minus26 0 may be in the range of -( 26 + QpBdOffsetY ) to +37.
- the syntax elements pps_cb_qp_offset and pps_cr_qp_offset may indicate an offset with respect to the luma quantization parameter Qp'Y used to derive Qp'Cb and Qp'Cr, respectively.
- the pps_cb_qp_offset and pps_cr_qp_offset may be in the range of -12 to +12.
- ChromaArrayType is 0, pps_cb_qp_offset and pps_cr_qp_offset may not be used in the decoding process, and the decoding apparatus may ignore the values of the syntax elements.
- the syntax element pps_joint_cbcr_qp_offset may indicate an offset with respect to the luma quantization parameter Qp'Y used to derive Qp'CbCr.
- the pps_joint_cbcr_qp_offset may be in the range of -12 to +12. Also, when ChromaArrayType is 0, pps_joint_cbcr_qp_offset may not be used in the decoding process, and the decoding apparatus may ignore the value of the syntax element.
- the syntax element pps_slice_chroma_qp_offsets_present_flag may indicate whether it is present in slice headers associated with the syntax elements slice_cb_qp_offset and slice_cr_qp_offset.
- pps_slice_chroma_qp_offsets_present_flag having a value of 1 may indicate that slice_cb_qp_offset and slice_cr_qp_offset are present in associated slice headers.
- pps_slice_chroma_qp_offsets_present_flag with a value of 0 may indicate that slice_cb_qp_offset and slice_cr_qp_offset are not present in associated slice headers.
- ChromaArrayType is 0, pps_slice_chroma_qp_offsets_present_flag may be equal to 0 in the decoding process.
- the syntax elements parsed by the PPS may be init_qp_minus26, pps_cb_qp_offset_pps_cr_qp_offset, pps_joint_cbcr_qp_offset, and pps_slice_chroma_qp_offsets_present_flag.
- the syntax element init_qp_minus26 may indicate an initial value of SliceQpY for each slice referring to the PPS.
- syntax elements pps_cb_qp_offset, pps_cr_qp_offset, and pps_joint_cbcr_qp_offset may indicate an offset with respect to the luma quantization parameter Qp'Y.
- syntax element pps_slice_chroma_qp_offsets_present_flag may indicate whether an offset parameter is present in the slice header.
- information related to derivation of quantization parameters may be signaled as shown in the following table through a slice header.
- Semantics of the syntax elements of Table 7 described above may be as shown in the following table.
- slice_qp_delta may indicate an initial value of QpY to be used for a coding block in a slice until modified by a value of CuQpDeltaVal in the coding unit layer.
- the initial value of QpY for a slice, SliceQpY may be derived as 26 + init_qp_minus26 + slice_qp_delta.
- the value of SliceQpY may be in the range of -QpBdOffsetY to +63.
- slice_cb_qp_offset may indicate a difference to be added to the value of pps_cb_qp_offset when determining the value of the quantization parameter Qp'Cb.
- the value of slice_cb_qp_offset may be in the range of -12 to +12.
- the slice_cb_qp_offset may be regarded as 0 (inferred).
- the value of pps_cb_qp_offset + slice_cb_qp_offset may be in the range of 12 to +12.
- slice_cr_qp_offset may indicate a difference to be added to the value of pps_cr_qp_offset when determining the value of the quantization parameter Qp'Cr.
- the value of slice_cr_qp_offset may be in the range of -12 to +12.
- the slice_cr_qp_offset may be regarded as 0 (inferred).
- the value of pps_cr_qp_offset + slice_cr_qp_offset may be in the range of 12 to +12.
- slice_cbcr_qp_offset may indicate a difference to be added to the value of pps_cbcr_qp_offset when determining the value of the quantization parameter Qp'CbCr.
- the value of slice_cbcr_qp_offset may be in the range of -12 to +12. Also, for example, when slice_cbcr_qp_offset does not exist, the slice_cbcr_qp_offset may be regarded as 0 (inferred).
- the value of pps_cbcr_qp_offset + slice_cbcr_qp_offset may be in the range of 12 to +12.
- the derivation process for luma and chroma quantization parameters determines whether the input to the process is a luma location, variables specifying the width and height of the current coding block, and whether it is a single tree or a dual tree. You can start with the variable you specify. Meanwhile, as described above, the luma quantization parameter, the chroma quantization parameter, and the joint chroma quantization parameter may be expressed as Qp'Y, Qp'Cb, Qp'Cr, and Qp'CbCr.
- a syntax element cu_qp_delta_sign_flag indicating a sign of CuQpDeltaVal may be parsed.
- the cu_qp_delta_sign_flag may represent a sign of CuQpDeltaVal as follows.
- CuQpDeltaVal corresponding to the cu_qp_delta_sign_flag may have a positive value.
- CuQpDeltaVal corresponding to the cu_qp_delta_sign_flag may have a negative value.
- the cu_qp_delta_sign_flag may be regarded as 0.
- the variable IsCuQpDeltaCoded may be derived as 1, and the variable CuQpDeltaVal may be derived as cu_qp_delta_abs * ( 1 - 2 * cu_qp_delta_sign_flag ).
- the CuQpDeltaVal may be in the range of -( 32 + QpBdOffsetY / 2 ) to +( 31 + QpBdOffsetY / 2 ).
- the luma quantization parameter Qp'Y may be derived as follows.
- ChromaArrayType is not 0 and treeType is SINGLE_TREE or DUAL_TREE_CHROMA, the following may be applied.
- variable QpY may be set equal to the luma quantization parameter QpY of the luma coding unit including the luma position (xCb + cbWidth / 2, yCb + cbHeight / 2).
- qPiCb, qPiCr, and qPiCbCr may be derived through Equation 7 below.
- the variables qPCb, qPCr, and qPCbCr may be set to be the same as the QpC values specified by Table 9 below based on the index qPi, respectively, where the index qPi is the Equation 7 qPiCb, qPiCr, and qPiCbCr derived through can be represented, respectively.
- the variables qPCb, qPCr, and qPCbCr may be set equal to Min (qPi, 63) based on the same index qPi as qPiCb, qPiCr, and qPiCbCr, respectively.
- Chroma quantization parameters for Cb component and Cr component, Qp'Cb and Qp'Cr, Chroma quantization parameter Qp'CbCr for joint Cb-Cr coding can be derived as follows.
- the maximum QP is extended from 51 to 63 in the VVC standard, and accordingly, signaling of the initial QP may be changed.
- the initial value of SliceQpY may be modified in the slice segment layer when a non-zero value of slice_qp_delta is coded.
- the value of init_qp_minus26 may be modified in the range of (-26 + QpBdOffsetY) to +37.
- the transform coefficient is QP or QP levelScale table instead of multiplying by 181/256 (or 181/128) to compensate for implicit scaling by the transform process. It can be dealt with by modifying and applying it.
- the minimum allowable quantization parameter QP may be defined as 4.
- a fixed lookup table may be used to transform the luma quantization parameter QP Y into the chroma quantization parameter QP C .
- VVC more flexible luma-to-chroma QP mapping can be used.
- the luma-to-chroma QP mapping relationship can be signaled in the SPS using a flexible piecewise linear model. At this time, there may be the only constraint of the linear model that the slope of each part cannot be negative. For example, when the luma QP is increased, the chroma QP can be maintained or increased, but cannot be decreased.
- the number of parts in the partial linear model may be defined by the input (luma) and output (chroma) delta QP for each part.
- the input range of the partial linear model may be [-QpBdOffsetY, 63]
- the output range of the partial linear model may be [-QpBdOffsetC, 63].
- the QP mapping relationship may be signaled separately for Cb, Cr and joint Cb/Cr coding or jointly signaled for the three types of residual coding.
- CU level QP adaptation may be allowed in VVC as in HEVC.
- Delta QP values for the luma and chroma components may be signaled separately.
- allowed chroma QP offset values may be signaled in the form of offset lists in the PPS similarly to the HEVC.
- the offset lists may be separately defined for Cb, Cr, and joint Cb/Cr coding.
- a maximum of 6 offset values may be allowed for each of the Cb, Cr and joint Cb/Cr lists.
- An index may be signaled to indicate which of the offset values in the offset list at the CU level is used to adjust the chroma QP for the CU.
- LFNST is a coding tool newly included from the VVC standard and quantization is also a newly introduced technique from the VVC standard
- a quantization technique specific to LFNST has not yet been specifically proposed.
- the scaling list technology specialized for LFNST was not specifically designed, there existed a disadvantage that the effect related to the scaling list was not properly exhibited when LFNST was applied.
- different QP values may be applied to transform coefficients output by applying forward LFNST to each position.
- transform coefficients output by applying LFNST undergo quantization and are arranged according to a scan order (e.g. transform coefficient scan order in the VVC standard)
- different QP values are applied according to positions in the corresponding scan order.
- Quantization can be applied to For example, it may be possible to finely code by lowering the QP value closer to the DC position.
- the Q-A value is applied as the QP value for the DC position (that is, the upper-left position of the corresponding transform block), and the Q value can be applied to the remaining positions. have.
- the A value 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. are possible as the A value, and a predefined value (predefined in an encoding/decoding device) may be used for which value can be applied as the A value.
- the A value may be signaled through a higher-level syntax element (HLS element).
- HLS element higher-level syntax element
- the A value may be directly coded through the corresponding HLS element, or a list of possible A values may be created to allocate an index value to each element in the list, and the corresponding index value may be signaled through the corresponding HLS element.
- 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. may be directly coded as A values through the corresponding HLS element.
- create [1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8] as a list of possible A values assign an index value to each element in the list, and signal the corresponding index value through the corresponding HLS element can be configured to do so.
- the index value may be assigned to start from 0 and increase by 1.
- the corresponding HLS element may be located in a Sequence Parameter Set (SPS), a Picture Parameter Set (PPS), a Picture Header (PH), and a Slice Header (SH).
- SPS Sequence Parameter Set
- PPS Picture Parameter Set
- PH Picture Header
- SH Slice Header
- the position at which the transform coefficients are arranged in the transform block may be indicated by two-dimensional coordinates (x, y). That is, it can be configured such that the upper-left DC position is displayed as (0, 0), the x-coordinate increases from left to right, and the y-coordinate increases from the top to the bottom.
- a corresponding QP value may be determined based on the sum of an x-coordinate value and a y-coordinate value with respect to which QP value is to be applied to each transform coefficient output by applying the forward LFNST.
- the transform coefficients disposed in the upper left CG 0 to 6 may be possible as the sum of the x-coordinate and y-coordinate for At this time, for example, if the sum of the x coordinate and the y coordinate is S (0 ⁇ S ⁇ 6), if the QP offset value is As, the Q+As value for the corresponding positions is applied as the QP value for quantization.
- Q may indicate a basic QP value applied to the corresponding transform block, as in the first embodiment.
- As values may be predefined in the encoding/decoding apparatus, or As values may be signaled through a higher-level syntax element (HLS element) as in the first embodiment.
- HLS element higher-level syntax element
- HLS element higher-level syntax element
- As values can be displayed in a tuple form as (A 0 , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , A 6 ), and a list of possible tuples is created and a list It can be configured to allocate an index value to each element (tuple) in the tuple, and to signal a corresponding index value through a corresponding HLS element.
- (-2, -1, -1, 0, 0, 0), (-1, -1, -1, -1, 0, 0, 0), (-2, -1, -1 , 0, 0, 1, 1)) can be configured to allocate index values of 0, 1, and 2 to three tuples, respectively, and signal the corresponding index values through the corresponding HLS element.
- the corresponding HLS element may be located in a Sequence Parameter Set (SPS), a Picture Parameter Set (PPS), a Picture Header (PH), and a Slice Header (SH).
- SPS Sequence Parameter Set
- PPS Picture Parameter Set
- PH Picture Header
- SH Slice Header
- transform coefficients other than the first 16 in the scan order may be filled from the second CG in the scan order.
- a QP value other than the QP value for the current transform block may be applied.
- a Q+A value may be applied instead of a Q value that is a QP value for the current transform block, and 0, 1, 2, 3, etc. are possible as the A values.
- the A value may be set to a value predefined in the encoding/decoding apparatus, or may be specified through a higher-level syntax element (HLS element).
- HLS element higher-level syntax element
- the A value itself may be signaled directly through the corresponding HLS element, and an index value is allocated to each element in the list by creating a list of possible A values, and the corresponding index value is signaled through the corresponding HLS element.
- the upper-left DC position inside the CG is displayed as (0, 0), and the x-coordinate increases from left to right in the CG and the y-coordinate moves from top to bottom. It can be configured to increase.
- the QP offset value for the sum S of the x-coordinate value and the y-coordinate value is As
- the Q+As value is QP instead of the Q value for positions where the sum of the x-coordinate and y coordinates is S. value can be applied.
- the As values are expressed as a tuple as (A 0 , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , A 6 ), (-1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) , (-1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1), (0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1) or (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), etc.
- SPS Sequence Parameter Set
- PPS Picture Parameter Set
- PH Picture Header
- SH Slice Header
- the structure of the residual coding can be designed to be specialized for LFNST. .
- the LFNST index is signaled after all signaling/parsing of the transform coefficient is finished, it is impossible to know whether LFNST is applied in the signaling/parsing process of the transform coefficient, and conversely, in the signaling/parsing process of the transform coefficient
- the analyzed information e.g. whether the region other than the ROI is zero-out, whether the transform coefficient exists other than the DC position, etc. is used as a condition for signaling the LFNST index.
- the maximum possible x-coordinate value and y-coordinate value may be limited, so when binarizing the coordinate value into a truncated unary code, the The maximum value can be constrained to match the maximum value that the corresponding coordinates can exist.
- LFNST when LFNST is applied, it may be set to unconditionally disable the application of the scaling list. In this way, it is possible to solve the problem of excessively increasing the buffer demand.
- LFNST when LFNST is not applied because transform skip is applied to even one color component, LFNST may be deactivated for other color components.
- it even if transform skip is applied to one color component, it may be configured to apply LFNST to other color components to which LFNST can be applied.
- LFNST when one chroma component is coded by transform skip in a single tree, LFNST may be applied to the luma component and an LFNST index may be signaled.
- the coding of one chroma component as transform skip may correspond to a case in which a value of a transform skip flag for the corresponding component is 1.
- a case in which BDPCM exists for a transform block having one or more non-zero transform coefficients may also be applicable.
- a non-zero transform coefficient does not exist while BDPCM is applied, it may be considered that transform skip is not applied.
- LFNST when one chroma component is coded by transform skip in a dual tree for the chroma component, LFNST may be applied to the other chroma component, and the LFNST index may be signaled.
- the number of transform coefficients to which LFNST is applied may not be large.
- a maximum of 16 LFNST transform coefficients may occur due to zero-out of the primary transform coefficient.
- it may be configured to additionally store only the LFNST transform coefficients and determine whether to use the stored LFNST transform coefficients when it is known whether the LFNST is applied.
- a scaling list may be applied to a currently signaled/parsed transform coefficient, and transform coefficient values to which the scaling list is not applied may be separately stored for a limited number of transform coefficients to which LFNST may have been applied. Thereafter, when the LFNST index is parsed to determine whether LFNST is applied to the corresponding transform coefficients, a value to which the scaling list is applied and a stored value to which the scaling list is not applied may be selected based on whether the LFNST is applied.
- a separate scaling list may be applied. That is, it is possible to separately configure a scaling list applied only to transform coefficients output by applying LFNST.
- the scaling list may be configured according to a position where the LFNST transform coefficients exist (in the case of the VVC standard, from the DC position to the 16th position according to the scan order). That is, the scaling list may be configured to have different weight values according to corresponding positions.
- a separate scaling list may be configured according to the size of a transform block to which LFNST is applied. For example, a separate scaling list may be applied to each of a block size to which LFNST_4x4 is applied and a block size to which LFNST_8x8 is applied.
- a different scaling list may be configured for each LFNST kernel candidate.
- a separate scaling list may be applied to each of a case in which a first candidate is selected by an LFNST index value and a case in which a second candidate is selected.
- a separate scaling list may be applied to each case based on some or all of the above-described three elements, a position where an LFNST transform coefficient exists, a transform block size to which LFNST is applied, and an LFNST kernel candidate.
- FIG. 7 schematically illustrates an example of a video/image encoding method according to embodiment(s) of this document.
- the method disclosed in FIG. 7 may be performed by the encoding apparatus disclosed in FIG. 2 .
- steps S700 to S750 of FIG. 7 may be performed by the residual processing unit 230 of the encoding apparatus 200 of FIG. 2
- S760 of FIG. 7 is the entropy of the encoding apparatus 200 of FIG. 2 . This may be performed by the encoding unit 240 .
- the method disclosed in FIG. 7 may include the embodiments described above in this document.
- the encoding apparatus 200 generates residual samples for a block ( S700 ).
- the encoding apparatus 200 may generate residual samples for the current block.
- the encoding apparatus 200 may generate residual samples through a procedure such as partitioning and intra/inter prediction for an input original picture as described above with reference to FIG. 2 .
- the encoding apparatus 200 may generate prediction samples for the current block through intra prediction or inter prediction, and may generate residual samples based on the prediction samples.
- the encoding apparatus 200 may determine whether to perform inter prediction or intra prediction on the current block based on the RD cost. Also, the encoding apparatus 200 may derive prediction samples for the current block by performing prediction according to the determined prediction mode. In this case, various prediction methods disclosed in this document, such as inter prediction or intra prediction, may be applied. In addition, the encoding apparatus 200 may derive residual samples by comparing original samples of the current block with prediction samples.
- the encoding apparatus 200 derives transform coefficients (S710). For example, the encoding apparatus 200 may derive transform coefficients based on the residual samples. For example, the encoding apparatus 200 may derive transform coefficients for the current block by performing a first-order transform on the residual samples. For example, a simplification transform may be applied to the first order transform, or a conventional separation transform may be applied.
- the primary transform may be based on a multi-core transform based on a plurality of transform kernels selected from among DCT-2, DCT-7, DCT-8, and DST-1.
- the encoding apparatus 200 derives modified transform coefficients ( S720 ).
- the encoding apparatus 200 may derive modified transform coefficients by applying LFNST to the transform coefficients.
- the encoding apparatus 200 may derive modified transform coefficients by applying LFNST to the transform coefficients based on the LFNST matrix.
- LFNST may be a quadratic transform, and may include a non-separated quadratic transform in which RST is reflected.
- the LFNST matrix applied to the quadratic transformation may be a non-square matrix in which the number of rows is smaller than the number of columns.
- the encoding apparatus 200 may derive the residual samples as the modified transform coefficients without performing S710. In this case, the encoding apparatus 200 may generate and encode transform skip flag information based on whether a transform is applied to the current block.
- the transform skip flag information may be information indicating whether a transform is applied or skipped to the current block.
- the encoding apparatus 200 derives quantized transform coefficients for the modified transform coefficients (S730). For example, the encoding apparatus 200 may derive quantized transform coefficients for the modified transform coefficients based on the modified transform coefficients and a quantization parameter. For example, the encoding apparatus 200 may derive quantized transform coefficients for the modified transform coefficients by performing quantization on the basis of a quantization parameter.
- the encoding apparatus 200 may apply frequency-specific weighted quantization that adjusts quantization intensity according to frequency.
- the quantization process may be further performed based on a quantization scale value for each frequency.
- a quantization scale value for weighted quantization for each frequency may be derived using a scaling matrix.
- the encoding apparatus 200 may use a predefined scaling matrix, encode quantization scale information for each frequency with respect to the scaling matrix, and signal it to the decoding apparatus 300 .
- the quantization scale information for each frequency may include scaling list data.
- a (modified) scaling matrix may be derived based on the scaling list data.
- the encoding apparatus 200 may perform inverse quantization in the same manner as in the decoding apparatus 300 .
- the encoding apparatus 200 may derive a (modified) scaling matrix based on the scaling list data, and apply inverse quantization to the quantized transform coefficients based thereon to derive reconstructed transform coefficients.
- the reconstructed transform coefficients may be different from the original transform coefficients due to a loss in the transform/quantization process.
- the scaling matrix may refer to the above-described frequency-based quantization scaling matrix, and for convenience of description, a quantization scaling matrix, a quantization matrix, a scaling matrix, a scaling list, etc. may be used interchangeably or replaced, and used in this embodiment It is not limited to the specific name given.
- quantization parameter values for the modified transform coefficients may be determined based on whether LFNST is applied to the current block. That is, a quantization parameter applied to each of the modified transform coefficients based on whether LFNST is applied to the current block may be related to a position of each of the modified transform coefficients in the current block.
- a quantization parameter for a modified transform coefficient existing at a DC position in the current block is applied to the modified transform coefficients in the current block It may have the smallest value among the quantization parameters to be used.
- a quantization parameter for the modified transform coefficient existing at the DC position has a Q-A value
- the quantization parameters for the remaining modified transform coefficients are Q can have a value
- the coordinates of the positions of the modified transform coefficients may be (x,y).
- quantization parameters for the modified transform coefficients in the current block may have Q+A s values. Also, as The value may be determined based on the x+y value.
- As may have a value of -1 based on a case where the x+y value is 0, and As may have a value of 0 based on a case where the x+y value is not 0.
- x+y is 0, As has a value of -2, if the value of x+y is 1 or 2, As has a value of -1, and if the value of x+y is As may have a value of 0 based on the case where it is not one of 0, 1, or 2.
- the scaling list may not be applied to the current block. That is, for example, on the basis that LFNST is applied to the current block, transform coefficients for the current block may be derived without applying the scaling list.
- the first scaling list may be applied to the current block. Also, based on the LFNST being applied to the current block, a second scaling list may be applied to the current block. In this case, the first scaling list and the second scaling list may be different.
- the second scaling list may be configured based on at least one of locations in the current block where LFNST transform coefficients exist, the size of the current block, and an LFNST kernel.
- the number of LFNST transform coefficients in the current block may be m, and m may be determined based on the block size and/or the LFNST size. For example, m may be at most 16.
- the encoding apparatus 200 generates information related to a quantization parameter (S740).
- the information related to the quantization parameter may include information related to the A value.
- the information related to the A value may be included in at least one of SPS, PPS, PH, and SH.
- the information related to the quantization parameter may include information related to an As value.
- the information related to the As value may be included in at least one of SPS, PPS, PH, and SH.
- the information related to the quantization parameter may include information related to a scaling list.
- the encoding apparatus 200 generates residual information (S750).
- the encoding apparatus 200 may generate residual information based on the quantized transform coefficients.
- the residual information may include the above-described transform-related information/syntax elements such as value information of quantized transform coefficients, location information, a transform technique, and a transform kernel.
- the residual information may include information related to LFNST.
- the information related to the LFNST includes information on whether LFNST is applied, information on a minimum transform size to which LFNST is applied, information on a maximum transform size to which LFNST is applied, and a transform kernel included in the transform set. It may include at least one of information on the conversion index. Such information may be included in SPS, PPS, PH or SH.
- the encoding apparatus 200 encodes the video/image information (S760).
- the video/image information may include information related to the residual information and the quantization parameter.
- the video/image information may include various information according to an embodiment of the present document.
- the video/image information may include information disclosed in at least one of Tables 3 to 8 described above.
- the video/image information may include information for picture restoration.
- the information for picture restoration may include information related to prediction, information related to transformation, and the like.
- the encoded video/image information may be output in the form of a bitstream.
- the bitstream may be transmitted to the decoding device through a network or a storage medium.
- FIG. 8 schematically illustrates an example of a video/image decoding method according to an embodiment of this document.
- the method disclosed in FIG. 8 may be performed by the decoding apparatus disclosed in FIG. 3 .
- S800 of FIG. 8 may be performed by the entropy decoding unit 310 of the decoding apparatus 300
- S810 to S840 may be performed by the residual processing unit 320 of the decoding apparatus 300
- S850 may be performed by the adder 340 .
- the method disclosed in FIG. 8 may include the embodiments described above in this document.
- the decoding apparatus 300 receives/obtains video/image information through a bitstream ( S800 ).
- the decoding apparatus 300 may derive information (eg, video/image information) required for image restoration (or picture restoration) by parsing the bitstream.
- the video/image information may include various types of information required in a decoding process, and may be decoded based on a coding method such as exponential Golomb coding, CAVLC or CABAC.
- the video/image information may include residual information and information related to a quantization parameter.
- the video/image information may include various information according to an embodiment of the present document.
- the video/image information may include information disclosed in at least one of Tables 3 to 8 described above.
- the video/image information may include information for picture restoration.
- the information for picture restoration may include information related to prediction, information related to transformation, and the like.
- the residual information may include the above-described transform-related information/syntax elements such as value information of quantized transform coefficients, location information, a transform technique, and a transform kernel.
- the residual information may include information related to LFNST.
- the information related to the LFNST includes information on whether LFNST is applied, information on a minimum transform size to which LFNST is applied, information on a maximum transform size to which LFNST is applied, and a transform kernel included in the transform set. It may include at least one of information on the conversion index. Such information may be included in SPS, PPS, PH or SH.
- the information related to the quantization parameter may include information related to the A value.
- the information related to the value of A includes at least one of a sequence parameter set (SPS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a picture header (PH), or a slice header (Slice Header, SH). can be included in one.
- SPS sequence parameter set
- PPS picture parameter set
- PH picture header
- SH slice header
- the information related to the quantization parameter may include information related to an As value.
- the information related to the As value includes at least one of a sequence parameter set (SPS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a picture header (PH), or a slice header (Slice Header, SH). can be included in one.
- SPS sequence parameter set
- PPS picture parameter set
- PH picture header
- SH slice header
- the information related to the quantization parameter may include information related to a scaling list.
- the decoding apparatus 300 derives quantized changed coefficients for the block (S810). For example, the decoding apparatus 300 may derive quantized transform coefficients for the current block based on the residual information. For example, the decoding apparatus 300 may obtain residual information included in image information.
- the residual information may include information such as value information of the transform coefficients quantized as described above, location information, a transform technique, and a transform kernel.
- the decoding apparatus 300 may derive quantized transform coefficients for the current block based on quantized transform coefficient information included in the residual information.
- the decoding apparatus 300 derives transform coefficients for the block (S820). For example, the decoding apparatus 300 may derive transform coefficients for the current block based on the quantized transform coefficients and information related to the quantization parameter. For example, the decoding apparatus 300 may derive transform coefficients for the current block by performing inverse quantization on the quantized transform coefficients based on a quantization parameter derived from information related to the quantization parameter. .
- the decoding apparatus 300 may apply weighted quantization for each frequency that adjusts quantization intensity according to frequency.
- the inverse quantization process may be further performed based on a quantization scale value for each frequency.
- a quantization scale value for weighted quantization for each frequency may be derived using a scaling matrix.
- the decoding apparatus 300 may use a predefined scaling matrix, or may use quantization scale information for each frequency with respect to the scaling matrix signaled from the encoding apparatus.
- the quantization scale information for each frequency may include scaling list data.
- a (modified) scaling matrix may be derived based on the scaling list data.
- the decoding apparatus 300 may further apply weighted quantization for each frequency in performing the inverse quantization process.
- the decoding apparatus may derive transform coefficients by applying inverse quantization to the quantized transform coefficients based on the scaling list data.
- quantization parameter values for the modified transform coefficients may be determined based on whether LFNST is applied to the current block. That is, a quantization parameter applied to each of the quantized transform coefficients based on whether LFNST is applied to the current block may be related to a position of each of the quantized transform coefficients in the current block.
- a quantization parameter for a quantized transform coefficient existing at a DC position in the current block is applied to the quantized transform coefficients in the current block It may have the smallest value among the quantization parameters to be used.
- a quantization parameter for a quantized transform coefficient existing at the DC position has a Q-A value
- quantization parameters for the remaining quantized transform coefficients are Q can have a value
- the coordinates of the positions of the quantized transform coefficients may be (x,y).
- quantization parameters for the quantized transform coefficients in the current block may have a Q+A s value. Also, as The value may be determined based on the x+y value.
- As may have a value of -1 based on a case where the x+y value is 0, and As may have a value of 0 based on a case where the x+y value is not 0.
- x+y is 0, As has a value of -2, if the value of x+y is 1 or 2, As has a value of -1, and if the value of x+y is As may have a value of 0 based on the case where it is not one of 0, 1, or 2.
- the scaling list may not be applied to the current block.
- a first scaling list may be applied to the quantized transform coefficients to derive the transform coefficients.
- a second scaling list may be applied to the quantized transform coefficients to derive the transform coefficients.
- the first scaling list and the second scaling list may be different.
- the second scaling list may be configured based on at least one of locations in the current block where LFNST transform coefficients exist, the size of the current block, and an LFNST kernel.
- the number of LFNST transform coefficients in the current block may be m, and m may be determined based on the block size and/or the LFNST size. For example, m may be at most 16.
- the decoding apparatus 300 derives modified transform coefficients (S830). For example, the decoding apparatus 300 may derive modified transform coefficients by applying LFNST based on the transform coefficients. For example, the decoding apparatus 300 may derive modified transform coefficients by applying LFNST to the transform coefficients based on the LFNST matrix.
- the LFNST may be an inverse quadratic transform, and may include a non-separated quadratic transform in which the RST is reflected.
- the LFNST matrix applied to the inverse quadratic transform may be a non-square matrix in which the number of columns is smaller than the number of rows.
- the decoding apparatus 300 generates residual samples for the block ( S840 ).
- the decoding apparatus 300 may generate residual samples for the current block based on the modified transform coefficients.
- the decoding apparatus 300 may generate residual samples for the current block by performing a first-order transform on the modified transform coefficients.
- the first-order transformation may be an inverse first-order transformation.
- a simplified inverse transform may be applied to the first order transform, or a conventional separation transform may be applied.
- the primary transform may be based on a multi-core transform based on a plurality of transform kernels selected from among DCT-2, DCT-7, DCT-8, and DST-1.
- the decoding apparatus 300 obtains information indicating whether to apply inverse transform to the current block (ie, transform skip flag information), and derives residual samples based on this information (ie, transform skip flag information) can do.
- the decoding apparatus 300 when inverse transform is not applied to transform coefficients (when the value of transform skip flag information for the current block is 1), the decoding apparatus 300 does not perform S820 and converts the transform coefficients to the current block. It can be derived from residual samples of .
- the decoding apparatus may inverse transform the transform coefficients to derive residual samples of the current block. .
- the decoding apparatus 300 generates reconstructed samples for the block (S850). For example, the decoding apparatus 300 may generate reconstructed samples for the current block based on the residual samples.
- the decoding apparatus 300 may determine whether to perform inter prediction or intra prediction on the current block based on prediction information (eg, prediction mode information) included in image information, and According to the prediction, prediction samples for the current block may be derived. And, the decoding apparatus may generate reconstructed samples based on the prediction samples and the residual samples. In this case, the decoding apparatus may directly use the prediction samples as reconstructed samples according to the prediction mode, or may generate reconstructed samples by adding residual samples to the prediction samples. Also, a reconstructed block or a reconstructed picture may be derived based on the reconstructed samples.
- prediction information eg, prediction mode information
- the decoding apparatus may directly use the prediction samples as reconstructed samples according to the prediction mode, or may generate reconstructed samples by adding residual samples to the prediction samples.
- a reconstructed block or a reconstructed picture may be derived based on the reconstructed samples.
- the decoding apparatus 300 may generate a modified reconstructed picture by applying an in-loop filtering method such as deblocking filtering and/or SAO in order to improve subjective/objective image quality with respect to the reconstructed picture as necessary.
- the modified reconstructed picture may be output and/or stored in the decoded picture buffer or memory 360 as a decoded picture, and may then be used as a reference picture in an inter prediction procedure when decoding a picture.
- the encoding device and/or decoding device according to this document is, for example, an image of a TV, a computer, a smart phone, a set-top box, a display device, etc. It may be included in the device that performs the processing.
- a module may be stored in a memory and executed by a processor.
- the memory may be internal or external to the processor, and may be coupled to the processor by various well-known means.
- the processor may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipsets, logic circuits, and/or data processing devices.
- Memory may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, memory cards, storage media, and/or other storage devices. That is, the embodiments described in this document may be implemented and performed on a processor, a microprocessor, a controller, or a chip.
- the functional units shown in each figure may be implemented and performed on a computer, a processor, a microprocessor, a controller, or a chip. In this case, information on instructions or an algorithm for implementation may be stored in a digital storage medium.
- the decoding device and the encoding device to which the embodiment(s) of this document are applied is a multimedia broadcasting transmission/reception device, a mobile communication terminal, a home cinema video device, a digital cinema video device, a surveillance camera, a video conversation device, such as a video communication device.
- Real-time communication device mobile streaming device, storage medium, camcorder, video on demand (VoD) service providing device, OTT video (over the top video) device, internet streaming service providing device, three-dimensional (3D) video device, virtual reality (VR) ) devices, AR (argumente reality) devices, video telephony video devices, transportation means (eg, vehicle (including autonomous vehicle) terminals, airplane terminals, ship terminals, etc.) and medical video devices, etc.
- the OTT video (Over the top video) device may include a game console, a Blu-ray player, an Internet-connected TV, a home theater system, a smart phone, a tablet PC, a digital video recorder (DVR), and the like.
- a game console a Blu-ray player
- an Internet-connected TV a home theater system
- a smart phone a tablet PC
- DVR digital video recorder
- the processing method to which the embodiment(s) of this document is applied may be produced in the form of a program executed by a computer, and may be stored in a computer-readable recording medium.
- Multimedia data having a data structure according to the embodiment(s) of this document may also be stored in a computer-readable recording medium.
- the computer-readable recording medium includes all kinds of storage devices and distributed storage devices in which computer-readable data is stored.
- the computer-readable recording medium includes, for example, Blu-ray Disc (BD), Universal Serial Bus (USB), ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, RAM, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk and optical It may include a data storage device.
- the computer-readable recording medium includes a medium implemented in the form of a carrier wave (eg, transmission through the Internet).
- the bitstream generated by the encoding method may be stored in a computer-readable recording medium or transmitted through a wired/wireless communication network.
- embodiment(s) of this document may be implemented as a computer program product by program code, and the program code may be executed in a computer by the embodiment(s) of this document.
- the program code may be stored on a carrier readable by a computer.
- FIG 9 shows an example of a content streaming system to which embodiments disclosed in this document can be applied.
- a content streaming system to which embodiments of this document are applied may largely include an encoding server, a streaming server, a web server, a media storage, a user device, and a multimedia input device.
- the encoding server compresses content input from multimedia input devices such as a smart phone, a camera, a camcorder, etc. into digital data to generate a bitstream and transmits it to the streaming server.
- multimedia input devices such as a smart phone, a camera, a camcorder, etc. directly generate a bitstream
- the encoding server may be omitted.
- the bitstream may be generated by an encoding method or a bitstream generation method to which embodiments of this document are applied, and the streaming server may temporarily store the bitstream in the process of transmitting or receiving the bitstream.
- the streaming server transmits multimedia data to the user device based on a user's request through the web server, and the web server serves as a mediator informing the user of what kind of service is available.
- the web server transmits it to a streaming server, and the streaming server transmits multimedia data to the user.
- the content streaming system may include a separate control server.
- the control server serves to control commands/responses between devices in the content streaming system.
- the streaming server may receive content from a media repository and/or an encoding server. For example, when content is received from the encoding server, the content may be received in real time. In this case, in order to provide a smooth streaming service, the streaming server may store the bitstream for a predetermined time.
- Examples of the user device include a mobile phone, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate PC, Tablet PC (tablet PC), ultrabook (ultrabook), wearable device (e.g., watch-type terminal (smartwatch), glass-type terminal (smart glass), HMD (head mounted display)), digital TV, desktop There may be a computer, digital signage, and the like.
- PDA personal digital assistant
- PMP portable multimedia player
- PDA portable multimedia player
- slate PC slate PC
- Tablet PC Tablet PC
- ultrabook ultrabook
- wearable device e.g., watch-type terminal (smartwatch), glass-type terminal (smart glass), HMD (head mounted display)
- digital TV desktop
- desktop There may be a computer, digital signage, and the like.
- Each server in the content streaming system may be operated as a distributed server, and in this case, data received from each server may be distributed and processed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Discrete Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 디코딩 장치에 의하여 수행되는 영상 디코딩 방법에 있어서,비트스트림을 통하여 영상 정보를 획득하되, 상기 영상 정보는 레지듀얼 정보 및 양자화 파라미터와 관련된 정보를 포함하는 단계;상기 레지듀얼 정보를 기반으로 현재 블록에 대한 양자화된 변환 계수들을 도출하는 단계;상기 양자화된 변환 계수들 및 상기 양자화 파라미터와 관련된 정보를 기반으로 상기 현재 블록에 대한 변환 계수들을 도출하는 단계;상기 변환 계수들을 기반으로 LFNST를 적용하여 수정된 변환 계수들을 도출하는 단계;상기 수정된 변환 계수들을 기반으로 상기 현재 블록에 대한 레지듀얼 샘플들을 생성하는 단계; 및상기 레지듀얼 샘플들을 기반으로 상기 현재 블록에 대한 복원 샘플들을 생성하는 단계를 포함하되,상기 현재 블록에 대해 LFNST가 적용되는 것을 기반으로, 상기 현재 블록 내 DC 위치에 존재하는 양자화된 변환 계수에 대한 양자화 파라미터는 상기 현재 블록 내 상기 양자화된 변환 계수들에 대해 적용되는 양자화 파라미터들 중 가장 작은 값을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 현재 블록 내 상기 양자화된 변환 계수들 중, 상기 DC 위치에 존재하는 양자화된 변환 계수에 대한 양자화 파라미터는 Q-A 값을 가지고, 나머지 양자화된 변환 계수들에 대한 양자화 파라미터들은 Q 값을 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 양자화 파라미터와 관련된 정보는 A 값과 관련된 정보를 포함하고,상기 A 값과 관련된 정보는 시퀀스 파라미터 세트(Sequence Parameter Set, SPS), 픽처 파라미터 세트(Picture Parameter Set, PPS), 픽처 헤더(Picture header, PH) 또는 슬라이스 헤더(Slice Header, SH) 중 적어도 하나에 포함될 수 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 현재 블록 내 DC 위치의 좌표가 (0, 0)이고, x 좌표는 왼쪽에서 오른쪽으로 증가하고, y 좌표는 위쪽에서 아래쪽으로 증가하는 것을 기반으로, 상기 현재 블록 내 상기 양자화된 변환 계수들의 위치의 좌표는 (x,y)이고,상기 현재 블록 내 상기 양자화된 변환 계수들에 대한 양자화 파라미터들은 Q+As 값을 가지고,As 값은 x+y 값을 기반으로 결정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제4항에 있어서,x+y 값이 0인 경우를 기반으로 As는 -1의 값을 갖고,x+y 값이 0이 아닌 경우를 기반으로 As는 0의 값을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제4항에 있어서,x+y 값이 0인 경우를 기반으로 As는 -2의 값을 갖고,x+y 값이 1 또는 2인 경우를 기반으로 As는 -1의 값을 갖고,x+y 값이 0, 1 또는 2 중 하나가 아닌 경우를 기반으로 As는 0의 값을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 양자화 파라미터와 관련된 정보는 As 값과 관련된 정보를 포함하고,상기 As 값과 관련된 정보는 시퀀스 파라미터 세트(Sequence Parameter Set, SPS), 픽처 파라미터 세트(Picture Parameter Set, PPS), 픽처 헤더(Picture header, PH) 또는 슬라이스 헤더(Slice Header, SH) 중 적어도 하나에 포함될 수 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 양자화 파라미터와 관련된 정보는 스케일링 리스트와 관련된 정보를 포함하고,상기 현재 블록에 대해 LFNST가 적용되는 것을 기반으로, 상기 스케일링 리스트는 상기 현재 블록에 대해 적용되지 않는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 현재 블록에 대해 LFNST가 적용되지 않는 것을 기반으로, 상기 양자화된 변환 계수들에 대해 제1 스케일링 리스트가 적용되어, 상기 변환 계수들이 도출되고,상기 현재 블록에 대해 LFNST가 적용되는 것을 기반으로, 상기 양자화된 변환 계수들에 대해 제2 스케일링 리스트가 적용되어, 상기 변환 계수들이 도출되고,상기 제1 스케일링 리스트와 상기 제2 스케일링 리스트는 다른 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 제2 스케일링 리스트는 상기 현재 블록 내에서의 LFNST 변환 계수들이 존재하는 위치들, 상기 현재 블록의 크기 또는 LFNST 커널 중 적어도 하나를 기반으로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 인코딩 장치에 의하여 수행되는 영상 인코딩 방법에 있어서,현재 블록에 대한 레지듀얼 샘플들을 생성하는 단계;상기 레지듀얼 샘플들을 기반으로 변환 계수들을 도출하는 단계;상기 변환 계수들에 대해 LFNST를 적용하여 수정된 변환 계수들을 도출하는 단계;상기 수정된 변환 계수들 및 양자화 파라미터를 기반으로 상기 수정된 변환 계수들에 대한 양자화된 변환 계수들을 도출하는 단계;양자화 파라미터와 관련된 정보를 생성하는 단계;상기 양자화된 변환 계수들을 기반으로 레지듀얼 정보를 생성하는 단계; 및상기 레지듀얼 정보 및 상기 양자화 파라미터와 관련된 정보를 포함하는 영상 정보를 인코딩하는 단계를 포함하되,상기 현재 블록에 대해 LFNST가 적용되는 것을 기반으로, 상기 현재 블록 내 DC 위치에 존재하는 수정된 변환 계수에 대한 양자화 파라미터는 상기 현재 블록 내 상기 수정된 변환 계수들에 대해 적용되는 양자화 파라미터들 중 가장 작은 값을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 인코딩 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 현재 블록 내 상기 수정된 변환 계수들 중, 상기 DC 위치에 존재하는 수정된 변환 계수에 대한 양자화 파라미터는 Q-A 값을 가지고, 나머지 수정된 변환 계수들에 대한 양자화 파라미터들은 Q 값을 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 인코딩 방법.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 양자화 파라미터와 관련된 정보는 A 값과 관련된 정보를 포함하고,상기 A 값과 관련된 정보는 시퀀스 파라미터 세트(Sequence Parameter Set, SPS), 픽처 파라미터 세트(Picture Parameter Set, PPS), 픽처 헤더(Picture header, PH) 또는 슬라이스 헤더(Slice Header, SH) 중 적어도 하나에 포함될 수 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 인코딩 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 현재 블록 내 DC 위치의 좌표가 (0, 0)이고, x 좌표는 왼쪽에서 오른쪽으로 증가하고, y 좌표는 위쪽에서 아래쪽으로 증가하는 것을 기반으로, 상기 현재 블록 내 상기 수정된 변환 계수들의 위치의 좌표는 (x,y)이고,상기 현재 블록 내 상기 수정된 변환 계수들에 대한 양자화 파라미터들은 Q+As 값을 가지고,As 값은 x+y 값을 기반으로 결정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 영상에 대한 데이터의 전송 방법에 있어서,상기 영상에 대한 비트스트림을 획득하되, 상기 비트스트림은 현재 블록에 대한 레지듀얼 샘플들을 생성하는 단계, 상기 레지듀얼 샘플들을 기반으로 변환 계수들을 도출하는 단계, 상기 변환 계수들에 대해 LFNST를 적용하여 수정된 변환 계수들을 도출하는 단계, 상기 수정된 변환 계수들 및 양자화 파라미터를 기반으로 상기 수정된 변환 계수들에 대한 양자화된 변환 계수들을 도출하는 단계, 양자화 파라미터와 관련된 정보를 생성하는 단계, 상기 양자화된 변환 계수들을 기반으로 레지듀얼 정보를 생성하는 단계, 및 상기 레지듀얼 정보 및 상기 양자화 파라미터와 관련된 정보를 포함하는 영상 정보를 인코딩하는 단계를 기반으로 생성되는 단계; 및상기 비트스트림을 포함하는 상기 데이터를 전송하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 현재 블록에 대해 LFNST가 적용되는 것을 기반으로, 상기 현재 블록 내 DC 위치에 존재하는 수정된 변환 계수에 대한 양자화 파라미터는 상기 현재 블록 내 상기 수정된 변환 계수들에 대해 적용되는 양자화 파라미터들 중 가장 작은 값을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 전송 방법.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18/286,683 US20240205401A1 (en) | 2021-04-12 | 2022-04-12 | Low-frequency non-separable transform design method and device |
EP22788401.2A EP4325855A1 (en) | 2021-04-12 | 2022-04-12 | Low-frequency non-separable transform design method and device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US202163174024P | 2021-04-12 | 2021-04-12 | |
US63/174,024 | 2021-04-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022220545A1 true WO2022220545A1 (ko) | 2022-10-20 |
Family
ID=83640485
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/KR2022/005284 WO2022220545A1 (ko) | 2021-04-12 | 2022-04-12 | 저주파 비분리 변환 설계 방법 및 장치 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240205401A1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP4325855A1 (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2022220545A1 (ko) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101680877B1 (ko) * | 2009-10-30 | 2016-11-29 | 선 페이턴트 트러스트 | 화상 복호 방법, 화상 부호화 방법, 화상 복호 장치, 화상 부호화 장치, 프로그램, 및 집적 회로 |
KR20180048654A (ko) * | 2015-09-02 | 2018-05-10 | 톰슨 라이센싱 | 비디오 인코딩 및 디코딩에서의 양자화를 위한 방법 및 장치 |
KR20190058423A (ko) * | 2010-09-28 | 2019-05-29 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 비디오의 부호화 방법 및 장치, 복호화 방법 및 장치 |
KR20190140423A (ko) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-12-19 | 광운대학교 산학협력단 | 스케일링을 이용한 잔차 블록 부호화/복호화 방법 및 장치 |
-
2022
- 2022-04-12 EP EP22788401.2A patent/EP4325855A1/en active Pending
- 2022-04-12 US US18/286,683 patent/US20240205401A1/en active Pending
- 2022-04-12 WO PCT/KR2022/005284 patent/WO2022220545A1/ko active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101680877B1 (ko) * | 2009-10-30 | 2016-11-29 | 선 페이턴트 트러스트 | 화상 복호 방법, 화상 부호화 방법, 화상 복호 장치, 화상 부호화 장치, 프로그램, 및 집적 회로 |
KR20190058423A (ko) * | 2010-09-28 | 2019-05-29 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 비디오의 부호화 방법 및 장치, 복호화 방법 및 장치 |
KR20180048654A (ko) * | 2015-09-02 | 2018-05-10 | 톰슨 라이센싱 | 비디오 인코딩 및 디코딩에서의 양자화를 위한 방법 및 장치 |
KR20190140423A (ko) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-12-19 | 광운대학교 산학협력단 | 스케일링을 이용한 잔차 블록 부호화/복호화 방법 및 장치 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
A. K. RAMASUBRAMONIAN, G. VAN DER AUWERA , V. SEREGIN , H. E. EGILMEZ , M. KARCZEWICZ: "AHG15: Scaling matrices for LFNST-coded blocks", 16. JVET MEETING; 20191001 - 20191011; GENEVA; (THE JOINT VIDEO EXPLORATION TEAM OF ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 AND ITU-T SG.16 ), 11 October 2019 (2019-10-11), XP030217082 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20240205401A1 (en) | 2024-06-20 |
EP4325855A1 (en) | 2024-02-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2021040481A1 (ko) | 크로스 컴포넌트 필터링 기반 영상 코딩 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2020218793A1 (ko) | Bdpcm에 기반한 영상 코딩 방법 및 그 장치 | |
WO2020009556A1 (ko) | 변환에 기반한 영상 코딩 방법 및 그 장치 | |
WO2020256391A1 (ko) | 영상 디코딩 방법 및 그 장치 | |
WO2021040484A1 (ko) | 크로스-컴포넌트 적응적 루프 필터링 기반 영상 코딩 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2021040479A1 (ko) | 필터링 기반 영상 코딩 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2020046091A1 (ko) | 다중 변환 선택에 기반한 영상 코딩 방법 및 그 장치 | |
WO2020213944A1 (ko) | 영상 코딩에서 매트릭스 기반의 인트라 예측을 위한 변환 | |
WO2020231140A1 (ko) | 적응적 루프 필터 기반 비디오 또는 영상 코딩 | |
WO2020213946A1 (ko) | 변환 인덱스를 이용하는 영상 코딩 | |
WO2021040483A1 (ko) | 영상 코딩 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2020116961A1 (ko) | 이차 변환에 기반한 영상 코딩 방법 및 그 장치 | |
WO2021101203A1 (ko) | 필터링 기반 영상 코딩 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2020213945A1 (ko) | 인트라 예측 기반 영상 코딩에서의 변환 | |
WO2021101205A1 (ko) | 영상 코딩 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2020213867A1 (ko) | 스케일링 리스트 데이터의 시그널링 기반 비디오 또는 영상 코딩 | |
WO2020242183A1 (ko) | 광각 인트라 예측 및 변환에 기반한 영상 코딩 방법 및 그 장치 | |
WO2020130661A1 (ko) | 이차 변환에 기반한 영상 코딩 방법 및 그 장치 | |
WO2020204419A1 (ko) | 적응적 루프 필터 기반 비디오 또는 영상 코딩 | |
WO2021101201A1 (ko) | 루프 필터링을 제어하는 영상 코딩 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2021101200A1 (ko) | 루프 필터링을 제어하기 위한 영상 코딩 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2021141226A1 (ko) | 루마 성분 및 크로마 성분에 대한 bdpcm 기반 영상 디코딩 방법 및 그 장치 | |
WO2021141227A1 (ko) | 영상 디코딩 방법 및 그 장치 | |
WO2021034116A1 (ko) | 크로마 양자화 파라미터를 사용하는 영상 디코딩 방법 및 그 장치 | |
WO2020197274A1 (ko) | 변환에 기반한 영상 코딩 방법 및 그 장치 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22788401 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18286683 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2022788401 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022788401 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20231113 |