WO2022219463A1 - An eraser containing zinc-oxide nanoparticles for anti-bacterial activities - Google Patents
An eraser containing zinc-oxide nanoparticles for anti-bacterial activities Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022219463A1 WO2022219463A1 PCT/IB2022/053230 IB2022053230W WO2022219463A1 WO 2022219463 A1 WO2022219463 A1 WO 2022219463A1 IB 2022053230 W IB2022053230 W IB 2022053230W WO 2022219463 A1 WO2022219463 A1 WO 2022219463A1
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- eraser
- formulation
- zinc
- bacterial
- oxide nanoparticles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A61K33/30—Zinc; Compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43L—ARTICLES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING UPON; WRITING OR DRAWING AIDS; ACCESSORIES FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43L19/00—Erasers, rubbers, or erasing devices; Holders therefor
- B43L19/0025—Eraser or rubber material, e.g. comprising hard particles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/23—Solid substances, e.g. granules, powders, blocks, tablets
- A61L2/238—Metals or alloys, e.g. oligodynamic metals
Definitions
- an anti-bacterial eraser in which zinc-oxide nanoparticles are used for the first time to create an anti-bacterial property against gram positive and gram negative bacteria which has granted the anti-bacterial activity of 2.24 and 2.13.
- filler, emollient, thermal stabilizer, and essence are used in the formulation of eraser production.
- Polyvinyl chloride abbreviated as PVC, dioctyl terephthalate hygienic lubricant with the chemical formulation of DOTP, calcium carbonate filler with the formulation of CaCO 3 , Carboxylic acid thermal stabilizer called stearic acid with the chemical formulation of C 17 H 35 CO 2 H, and fruit edible essence are used in the base formulation of the eraser.
- Nano zinc-oxide all materials except the Nano zinc-oxide are mixed and baked for 60 minutes at a 90-degree temperature. After the initial baking, the zinc-oxide nanoparticles are added which are mixed with the materials for 120 minutes at room temperature. Then the materials are entered into the eraser production extruder.
- Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients (A61K 33/00) - Erasers, rubbers, or erasing devices; Holders (B43L 19/00)
- the eraser has antibacterial properties. Due to the fact that nanoparticles have a higher surface-to-volume ratio than larger particles, this can greatly increase their antibacterial effectiveness and performance, and thus reduce their consumption. In this study, the level of antibacterial activity and resistance to gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are presented. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are also added to the raw materials of the eraser and without any changes in the main formulation as well as the production process, antibacterial eraser can be produced.
- a printing apparatus including a print mechanism for printing key-input print information; an eraser for erasing a character or symbol printed on a recording medium with the print mechanism; a first memory for storing the key-input information; a second memory for storing information on a print object erased with the eraser; and an erasure controller for controlling the eraser in accordance with a comparison result between the erased object information stored in the second memory and the key-input information stored in the first memory.
- an erase method for an electrically erasable nonvolatile memory device in particular an EEPROM-FLASH nonvolatile memory device, comprising a memory array formed by a plurality of memory cells arranged in rows and columns and grouped in sectors each formed by a plurality of subsectors, which are in turn formed by one or more rows.
- Erase of the memory array is performed by sectors and each sector envisages applying an erase pulse to the gate terminals of all the memory cells of the sector, verifying erase of the memory cells of each subsector, and applying a further erase pulse to the gate terminals of the memory cells of only the subsectors that are not completely erased.
- Zinc-oxide nanoparticle is one of the useful mineral particles which has attracted craftsmen due to the proper physical and chemical properties. High chemical stability, low dielectric constant, high catalyst activities, antibacterial and antifungal properties are among the properties of zinc-oxide nanoparticles.
- This invention discusses the production of a pencil eraser which has gained anti-bacterial property by exploiting Nano-technology and zinc-oxide nanoparticles in the formulation. It can resist the propagation and growth of the bacteria.
- Bacterium is one of the common microorganisms in disease development. There are different bacteria in contact with the human body. The most common ones are E.coli gram negative and S.aureus gram positive bacteria. According to the mentioned contents corresponding to the technical problem, creating an anti-bacterial property is a solution for removing and controlling this technical problem.
- using Nano technology and integrating it with the eraser production knowledge, the materials, formulation, and zinc-oxide nanoparticle eraser provision method with anti-bacterial property and the corresponding tests are discussed in detail.
- Nanoparticles have a larger percentage of atoms on the surface which leads to high surface reactionability. Because nanoparticles smaller than 100 nanometers have high area to volume ratios and energy level cleavages, these factors change and improve their properties considerably. Therefore, this makes nanoparticles good candidates for developing different properties in today's industry.
- One of the applications of Nano is that when the zinc-oxide particles are converted into Nano, the properties including anti-bacterial properties are improved and less dosage is used,
- Polymers, fillers, emollients, thermal stabilizers, and essences are used in the production formulation of the eraser.
- Polyvinyl chloride abbreviated as PVC, dioctyl terephthalate hygienic lubricant with the chemical formulation of DOTP, calcium carbonate filler with the formulation of CaCO 3 , thermal stabilizer of Carboxylic acid called stearic acid with the chemical formulation of C 17 H 35 CO 2 H, and fruit edible essence are used in the base formulation of the eraser.
- the eraser formulation with the anti-bacterial property under study contains zinc-oxide nanoparticles with diameters smaller than 100 nanometers in addition to the above compositions.
- the used compositions as well as the weight percentage of each composition are presented in plan 1.
- Zinc-oxide nanoparticles are added to the eraser material without requiring any additives.
- the overview of the Nano eraser is presented in . As clear from the figure, all materials except the nano zinc oxide are mixed and baked for 60 minutes at a 90-degree temperature. After the initial baking, the zinc-oxide nanoparticles are added which are mixed with the materials for 120 minutes at room temperature. Then the materials are entered into the eraser production extruder.
- the eraser containing zinc-oxide nanoparticles as well as the zinc-oxide nanoparticle are studied using the following tests:
- E.coli bacterium as a representative of gram negative bacteria
- S.aureus as a representative of gram positive bacteria were studied.
- the eraser with 3 weight percentage of zinc-oxide nanoparticle was exposed to gram positive S.aureus and gram negative E.coli bacteria under the anti-bacterial activity test (according to the national standard of 10900 and ISO22196).
- Plan 2 shows the results.
- the results indicate that the anti-bacterial activity of the eraser with nanoparticles against gram positive S.aureus bacterium was 2.24. This value was 2.13 against the gram negative E.coli bacterium which are both confirmed by the necessary standards for anti-bacterial activities.
- the anti-bacterial activity (R) is 2.13 and 2.24 against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria which is equivalent to the anti-bacterial activity percentage of 99.26% and 99.43%, respectively.
- the zinc-oxide nanoparticle eraser does not give any chance to both gram positive and gram negative bacteria i.e. E. coli and S.arues to propagate and grow.
- the TEM spectrum (the plan file and ) was taken which proves the fact that the diameter of the used nanoparticles is less than 100 nanometers with spherical morphology.
- the XRD spectrum (the plan file and ) was taken which shows the characteristic peaks in the form of pure zinc-oxide (ZNO) indicator. It also indicates that the zinc-oxide nanoparticles have been used without any impurities.
- nanoparticles Use of nanoparticles and reduce the consumption of antibacterial materials (zinc oxide nanoparticles by 3% by weight) and increase product efficiency.
- Zinc oxide nanoparticles are added to the raw materials of the eraser and without any changes in the main formulation as well as the production process, antibacterial erasers can be produced.
- Formulation, materials and composition show percentage of antibacterial eraser with zinc oxide nanoparticles.
- This figure shows a diagram of the mixing steps with the reaction temperature and duration.
- TEM images show zinc oxide nanoparticles.
- test results show antibacterial activity for the eraser containing zinc oxide nanoparticles.
- Formulation, materials and composition show percentage of antibacterial eraser with zinc oxide nanoparticles.
- This figure shows a diagram of the mixing steps with the reaction temperature and duration.
- TEM images show zinc oxide nanoparticles.
- test results show antibacterial activity for the eraser containing zinc oxide nanoparticles.
- This invention is used in the stationery industry and in the field of erasers, especially antibacterial Nano erasers.
Abstract
an anti-bacterial eraser in which zinc-oxide nanoparticles are used for the first time to create an anti-bacterial property against gram positive and gram negative bacteria which has granted the anti-bacterial activity of 2.24 and 2.13. filler, emollient, thermal stabilizer, and essence are used in the formulation of eraser production. Polyvinyl chloride abbreviated as PVC, dioctyl terephthalate hygienic lubricant with the chemical formulation of DOTP, calcium carbonate filler with the formulation of CaCO3, Carboxylic acid thermal stabilizer called stearic acid with the chemical formulation of C17H35CO2H, and fruit edible essence are used in the base formulation of the eraser. all materials except the Nano zinc-oxide are mixed and baked for 60 minutes at a 90-degree temperature. After the initial baking, the zinc-oxide nanoparticles are added which are mixed with the materials for 120 minutes at room temperature. Then the materials are entered into the eraser production extruder.
Description
an anti-bacterial eraser in which zinc-oxide nanoparticles are used for the first time to create an anti-bacterial property against gram positive and gram negative bacteria which has granted the anti-bacterial activity of 2.24 and 2.13. filler, emollient, thermal stabilizer, and essence are used in the formulation of eraser production. Polyvinyl chloride abbreviated as PVC, dioctyl terephthalate hygienic lubricant with the chemical formulation of DOTP, calcium carbonate filler with the formulation of CaCO3, Carboxylic acid thermal stabilizer called stearic acid with the chemical formulation of C17H35CO2H, and fruit edible essence are used in the base formulation of the eraser. all materials except the Nano zinc-oxide are mixed and baked for 60 minutes at a 90-degree temperature. After the initial baking, the zinc-oxide nanoparticles are added which are mixed with the materials for 120 minutes at room temperature. Then the materials are entered into the eraser production extruder.
Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients (A61K 33/00) - Erasers, rubbers, or erasing devices; Holders (B43L 19/00)
In a 2006 study in the journal Green Chemistry, Kalyani Ghule and colleagues used zinc oxide nanoparticles to have a partial antibacterial effect on the surface of the paper. Zinc nanoxide has also been reported in many reports to antibacterialize clothing, tiles, and porcelain. In this study, for the first time, zinc oxide nanoparticles were used in the eraser to create antibacterial properties.
In the present invention, for the use of 3% by weight of zinc nanoxide, the eraser has antibacterial properties. Due to the fact that nanoparticles have a higher surface-to-volume ratio than larger particles, this can greatly increase their antibacterial effectiveness and performance, and thus reduce their consumption. In this study, the level of antibacterial activity and resistance to gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are presented. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are also added to the raw materials of the eraser and without any changes in the main formulation as well as the production process, antibacterial eraser can be produced.
Printing apparatus having an eraser for erasing a printed character
United States Patent 5044802
A printing apparatus including a print mechanism for printing key-input print information; an eraser for erasing a character or symbol printed on a recording medium with the print mechanism; a first memory for storing the key-input information; a second memory for storing information on a print object erased with the eraser; and an erasure controller for controlling the eraser in accordance with a comparison result between the erased object information stored in the second memory and the key-input information stored in the first memory.
METHOD FOR ERASING AN ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE NONVOLATILE MEMORY DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR AN EEPROM-FLASH MEMORY DEVICE, AND AN ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE NONVOLATILE MEMORY DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR, AN EEPROM-FLASH MEMORY DEVICE
United States Patent 6871258
Described herein is an erase method for an electrically erasable nonvolatile memory device, in particular an EEPROM-FLASH nonvolatile memory device, comprising a memory array formed by a plurality of memory cells arranged in rows and columns and grouped in sectors each formed by a plurality of subsectors, which are in turn formed by one or more rows. Erase of the memory array is performed by sectors and each sector envisages applying an erase pulse to the gate terminals of all the memory cells of the sector, verifying erase of the memory cells of each subsector, and applying a further erase pulse to the gate terminals of the memory cells of only the subsectors that are not completely erased.
Stationery such as erasers is among the unavoidable tools in the daily life. So, controlling the activities of the microorganisms, fungus, bacteria on the erasers seems necessary, especially for children who are more sensitive and are exposed more frequently. Many studies have investigated how to make human daily used materials anti-bacterial. On the other hand, nanotechnology as a modern science has brought about many advances for different industries. Zinc-oxide nanoparticle is one of the useful mineral particles which has attracted the craftsmen due to the proper physical and chemical properties. This invention discusses the production of a pencil eraser which has gained anti-bacterial property by exploiting Nano-technology and zinc-oxide nanoparticles in the formulation. It can resist the propagation and growth of the bacteria.
Stationery such as erasers is among the unavoidable tools in the daily life. So, controlling the activities of the microorganisms, fungus, bacteria on the erasers seems necessary, especially for children who are more sensitive and are exposed more frequently. Eraser can be a bacterium transmission factor between people or places that creates human health problems after hand and mouth touches. In addition, the eraser’s structure can be a good substrate for growing the microorganisms such as bacteria which could cause damage exposures to the individuals. The major issue is the bacterium activity on the eraser which is in extreme contact with the polluted area and the hands. Many studies have investigated how to make human daily used materials anti-bacterial. On the other hand, nanotechnology, as modern science, has brought about many advances for different industries. Zinc-oxide nanoparticle is one of the useful mineral particles which has attracted craftsmen due to the proper physical and chemical properties. High chemical stability, low dielectric constant, high catalyst activities, antibacterial and antifungal properties are among the properties of zinc-oxide nanoparticles. This invention discusses the production of a pencil eraser which has gained anti-bacterial property by exploiting Nano-technology and zinc-oxide nanoparticles in the formulation. It can resist the propagation and growth of the bacteria.
Bacterium is one of the common microorganisms in disease development. There are different bacteria in contact with the human body. The most common ones are E.coli gram negative and S.aureus gram positive bacteria. According to the mentioned contents corresponding to the technical problem, creating an anti-bacterial property is a solution for removing and controlling this technical problem. In the following, using Nano technology and integrating it with the eraser production knowledge, the materials, formulation, and zinc-oxide nanoparticle eraser provision method with anti-bacterial property and the corresponding tests are discussed in detail.
In this study, the zinc-oxide nanoparticle has been used as an anti-bacterial material in the eraser material formulation. Nanoparticles have a larger percentage of atoms on the surface which leads to high surface reactionability. Because nanoparticles smaller than 100 nanometers have high area to volume ratios and energy level cleavages, these factors change and improve their properties considerably. Therefore, this makes nanoparticles good candidates for developing different properties in today's industry. One of the applications of Nano is that when the zinc-oxide particles are converted into Nano, the properties including anti-bacterial properties are improved and less dosage is used,
Polymers, fillers, emollients, thermal stabilizers, and essences are used in the production formulation of the eraser. Polyvinyl chloride abbreviated as PVC, dioctyl terephthalate hygienic lubricant with the chemical formulation of DOTP, calcium carbonate filler with the formulation of CaCO3, thermal stabilizer of Carboxylic acid called stearic acid with the chemical formulation of C17H35CO2H, and fruit edible essence are used in the base formulation of the eraser. The eraser formulation with the anti-bacterial property under study contains zinc-oxide nanoparticles with diameters smaller than 100 nanometers in addition to the above compositions. The used compositions as well as the weight percentage of each composition are presented in plan 1.
Zinc-oxide nanoparticles are added to the eraser material without requiring any additives. The overview of the Nano eraser is presented in . As clear from the figure, all materials except the nano zinc oxide are mixed and baked for 60 minutes at a 90-degree temperature. After the initial baking, the zinc-oxide nanoparticles are added which are mixed with the materials for 120 minutes at room temperature. Then the materials are entered into the eraser production extruder.
The eraser containing zinc-oxide nanoparticles as well as the zinc-oxide nanoparticle are studied using the following tests:
In order to evaluate the antibacterial activities, gram positive and gram negative bacteria are investigated. E.coli bacterium as a representative of gram negative bacteria, and S.aureus as a representative of gram positive bacteria were studied. The eraser with 3 weight percentage of zinc-oxide nanoparticle was exposed to gram positive S.aureus and gram negative E.coli bacteria under the anti-bacterial activity test (according to the national standard of 10900 and ISO22196). Plan 2 shows the results. The results indicate that the anti-bacterial activity of the eraser with nanoparticles against gram positive S.aureus bacterium was 2.24. This value was 2.13 against the gram negative E.coli bacterium which are both confirmed by the necessary standards for anti-bacterial activities. According to the numbers in plan 2, it could be stated that by calculating the average logarithm of the number of habitable bacteria of the synthesized sample (the original sample with zinc-oxide nanoparticle) indicated by At and the average logarithm of the habitable bacteria which are not synthesized (witness sample without zinc-oxide nanoparticle) indicated by Ut and subtracting them leads to the anti-bacterial activity (R). The following equation is used to make the anti-bacterial activity and the relationship between the mentioned logarithm reduction and anti-bacterial property percentage more concrete:
Where P indicates the anti-bacterial property percentage, and R the logarithm reduction.
The anti-bacterial activity (R) is 2.13 and 2.24 against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria which is equivalent to the anti-bacterial activity percentage of 99.26% and 99.43%, respectively. As observed, the zinc-oxide nanoparticle eraser does not give any chance to both gram positive and gram negative bacteria i.e. E. coli and S.arues to propagate and grow.
As s proof for the zinc-oxide nanoparticle dimension, the TEM spectrum (the plan file and ) was taken which proves the fact that the diameter of the used nanoparticles is less than 100 nanometers with spherical morphology.
For proving the purity of the zinc-oxide nanoparticles, the XRD spectrum (the plan file and ) was taken which shows the characteristic peaks in the form of pure zinc-oxide (ZNO) indicator. It also indicates that the zinc-oxide nanoparticles have been used without any impurities.
Antibacterial properties of 2.13 and 2.24 (equivalent to 99.26% and 99.43%) against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus as representatives of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
Use of zinc oxide nanoparticles as antibacterial agent and increase antibacterial properties due to the use of nanometer dimensions.
Use of nanoparticles and reduce the consumption of antibacterial materials (zinc oxide nanoparticles by 3% by weight) and increase product efficiency.
Do not change the formula and the production process of the eraser. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are added to the raw materials of the eraser and without any changes in the main formulation as well as the production process, antibacterial erasers can be produced.
No change in the appearance of the product. The products produced are visually no different from non-Nano products.
Low price of Nano zinc oxide and cheap cost for the product
Examples
The production steps of the eraser containing zinc oxide nanoparticles with antibacterial properties are mentioned below:
Weighing, mixing, baking all eraser materials except zinc oxide nanoparticles at 90 ° C for 60 minutes
Cool the eraser mixture
Add zinc oxide nanoparticles to the eraser mixture
Uniform and homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles in the eraser mixture using only a mechanical stirrer at ambient temperature for 120 minutes
Feed the mixed material inside the extruder
Cooling and cutting
This invention is used in the stationery industry and in the field of erasers, especially antibacterial Nano erasers.
Claims (4)
- ) an anti-bacterial eraser in which zinc-oxide nanoparticles are used for the first time to create an anti-bacterial property against gram positive and gram negative bacteria which has granted the anti-bacterial activity of 2.24 and 2.13. This product is constituted of the following compositions: a polymer substrate, filler, emollient, thermal stabilizer, essence, and anti-bacterial substance.
- ) according to claim 1, filler, emollient, thermal stabilizer, and essence are used in the formulation of eraser production. Polyvinyl chloride abbreviated as PVC, dioctyl terephthalate hygienic lubricant with the chemical formulation of DOTP, calcium carbonate filler with the formulation of CaCO3, Carboxylic acid thermal stabilizer called stearic acid with the chemical formulation of C17H35CO2H, and fruit edible essence are used in the base formulation of the eraser.
- ) according to the claim 2, the eraser formulation with the anti-bacterial formulation being studied in addition to the above compositions contains zinc-oxide nanoparticles with diameters smaller than 100 nanometers. The compositions and the weight percentage of each is specified. The zinc-oxide nanoparticles are added to the base substances of the eraser without any additives.
- ) according to claim 3, all materials except the Nano zinc-oxide are mixed and baked for 60 minutes at a 90-degree temperature. After the initial baking, the zinc-oxide nanoparticles are added which are mixed with the materials for 120 minutes at room temperature. Then the materials are entered into the eraser production extruder.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2022/053230 WO2022219463A1 (en) | 2022-04-06 | 2022-04-06 | An eraser containing zinc-oxide nanoparticles for anti-bacterial activities |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2022/053230 WO2022219463A1 (en) | 2022-04-06 | 2022-04-06 | An eraser containing zinc-oxide nanoparticles for anti-bacterial activities |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2022219463A1 true WO2022219463A1 (en) | 2022-10-20 |
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| PCT/IB2022/053230 WO2022219463A1 (en) | 2022-04-06 | 2022-04-06 | An eraser containing zinc-oxide nanoparticles for anti-bacterial activities |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080194736A1 (en) * | 2007-02-13 | 2008-08-14 | Minqiu Lu | PVC nanocomposite manufacturing technology and applications |
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- 2022-04-06 WO PCT/IB2022/053230 patent/WO2022219463A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080194736A1 (en) * | 2007-02-13 | 2008-08-14 | Minqiu Lu | PVC nanocomposite manufacturing technology and applications |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| JINHUAN JIANG ET AL.: "The Advancing of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications", BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND APPLICATIONS, vol. 2018, XP055980790, DOI: 10.1155/2018/1062562 * |
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