WO2022208672A1 - Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station - Google Patents
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- WO2022208672A1 WO2022208672A1 PCT/JP2021/013612 JP2021013612W WO2022208672A1 WO 2022208672 A1 WO2022208672 A1 WO 2022208672A1 JP 2021013612 W JP2021013612 W JP 2021013612W WO 2022208672 A1 WO2022208672 A1 WO 2022208672A1
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems.
- LTE Long Term Evolution
- 3GPP Rel. 10-14 LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified for the purpose of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).
- LTE successor systems for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later
- 5G 5th generation mobile communication system
- 5G+ 5th generation mobile communication system
- 6G 6th generation mobile communication system
- NR New Radio
- AI artificial intelligence
- ML machine learning
- one of the purposes of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can realize highly accurate channel estimation, highly efficient use of resources, and the like.
- a terminal uses a receiving unit that receives a demodulation reference signal, and a machine learning model trained based on a first setting of the demodulation reference signal, and a control unit that controls prediction based on the second setting.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of estimation resources.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the ML model according to the first embodiment; 3A and 3B are diagrams illustrating an example of training an ML model. 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating an example of testing an ML model.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example sequence for AI-assisted DMRS estimation in a UE according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a sequence for AI-assisted DMRS estimation at a BS according to the second embodiment.
- 7A-7C are diagrams illustrating an example of DMRS configuration according to the third embodiment. 8A-8C are diagrams illustrating an example of a time domain sampling pattern.
- FIGS. 9A-9D are diagrams illustrating an example of a frequency domain sampling pattern.
- 10A-10C are diagrams illustrating an example of a port domain sampling pattern.
- 11A and 11B are diagrams illustrating an example of time domain densities of test and training DMRSs.
- 12A-12C are diagrams illustrating example frequency domain densities of training DMRSs and test DMRSs.
- 13A and 13B are diagrams illustrating an example of mode switching control.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of information transmission/reception according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment;
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of hardware configurations of a base station and a user terminal
- AI artificial intelligence
- channel estimation also referred to as channel measurement
- decoding of received signals and the like.
- Channel estimation for example, Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Synchronization Signal (SS), Synchronization Signal/Physical Broadcast Channel (SS/PBCH )) block, demodulation reference signal (DMRS), measurement reference signal (SRS), or the like.
- CSI-RS Channel State Information Reference Signal
- SS Synchronization Signal
- SS/PBCH Synchronization Signal/Physical Broadcast Channel
- DMRS demodulation reference signal
- SRS measurement reference signal
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of estimation resources.
- a resource configuration for 3 slots of NR communication is illustrated.
- a terminal also called a user terminal, User Equipment (UE), etc.
- UE User Equipment
- PUSCH physical uplink shared channel
- DCI Receive downlink control information
- the UE transmits PUSCH and DMRS for the PUSCH.
- resources such as DMRS and CSI-RS are increased to achieve highly accurate channel estimation, resources for data transmission/reception (eg PDSCH resources, PUSCH resources) will decrease.
- AI technology such as machine learning (ML) to achieve high-precision channel estimation with fewer resources.
- ML machine learning
- Such channel estimation may be called AI-aided estimation.
- the inventors came up with a method of using the ML model, especially for the physical layer (Physical (PHY) layer).
- the UE/Base Station trains the ML model in training mode and the ML model in test mode (also called test mode, testing mode, etc.) to implement.
- test mode also called test mode, testing mode, etc.
- validation of the accuracy of the trained ML model in the training mode may be performed.
- the UE / BS inputs channel state information, reference signal measurements, etc. to the ML model, and outputs highly accurate channel state information / measurements / beam selection / positions, etc. good.
- AI may be read as an object (also called object, object, data, function, program, etc.) having (implementing) at least one of the following characteristics: Estimates based on observed or collected information; - Choices based on information observed or collected; • Predictions based on observed or collected information.
- the object may be, for example, a terminal, a device such as a base station, or a device. Also, the object may correspond to a program included in the device.
- an ML model may be read as an object that has (enforces) at least one of the following characteristics: Generating an estimate by feeding, Informed to predict estimates; ⁇ Discover characteristics by giving information, • Selecting actions by giving information.
- the ML model may be read as at least one of AI model, predictive analytics, predictive analysis model, and the like. Also, the ML model may be derived using at least one of regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machines, random forests, neural networks, deep learning, and the like. In this disclosure, model may be translated as at least one of encoder, decoder, tool, and the like.
- regression analysis e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis
- model may be translated as at least one of encoder, decoder, tool, and the like.
- the ML model outputs at least one information such as estimated value, predicted value, selected action, classification, etc., based on the input information.
- the ML model may include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, etc.
- Supervised learning may be used to learn general rules that map inputs to outputs.
- Unsupervised learning may be used to learn features of data.
- Reinforcement learning may be used to learn actions to maximize a goal.
- A/B and “at least one of A and B” may be read interchangeably.
- activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, determine, etc. may be read interchangeably.
- supporting, controlling, controllable, operating, and capable of operating may be read interchangeably.
- Radio Resource Control RRC
- RRC parameters RRC parameters
- RRC messages higher layer parameters
- information elements IEs
- settings may be read interchangeably.
- MAC Control Element (CE) Medium Access Control Control Element
- update command update command
- activation/deactivation command may be read interchangeably.
- indexes, IDs, indicators, and resource IDs may be read interchangeably.
- sequences, lists, sets, groups, groups, clusters, subsets, etc. may be read interchangeably.
- implementation, operation, operation, execution, etc. may be read interchangeably.
- testing, after-training, production use, actual use, etc. may be read interchangeably.
- a signal may be interchanged with signal/channel.
- the training mode may correspond to the mode in which the UE/BS transmits/receives signals for the ML model (in other words, the mode of operation during training).
- the test mode corresponds to the mode in which the UE/BS implements the ML model (e.g., implements the trained ML model to predict the output) (in other words, the operating mode during the test). good.
- training mode may refer to a mode in which a specific signal transmitted in test mode has a large overhead (eg, a large amount of resources) is transmitted.
- training mode may refer to a mode that refers to a first configuration (eg, first DMRS configuration, first CSI-RS configuration).
- test mode may refer to a mode that refers to a second configuration (eg, second DMRS configuration, second CSI-RS configuration) different from the first configuration.
- At least one of time resources, frequency resources, code resources, and ports (antenna ports) related to measurement may be set more in the first setting than in the second setting.
- the UE and the BS are the relevant subjects in order to explain the ML model for communication between the UE and the BS, but the application of each embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to this.
- UE and BS in the following embodiments may be read as first UE and second UE.
- any UE, BS, etc. in this disclosure may be read as any UE/BS.
- a first embodiment relates to an ML model for AI-assisted DMRS estimation.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the ML model according to the first embodiment.
- the input of the ML model is (the result of) the DMRS measurements and the output is the channel estimation information.
- the input of the ML model may include (results of) other reference signal measurements along with (results of) DMRS measurements or instead.
- the input of the ML model will be described as (the result of) the DMRS measurement only, but the present disclosure is not limited to this.
- the output channel estimation information includes, for example, channel coefficients, channel variations, DMRS phase/amplitude on specific radio resources (such as time/frequency resources), generated (transmitted) DMRS phase/amplitude and received at least one of the phase/amplitude shift of the DMRS received.
- the output channel estimation information may relate to the PDSCH/PUSCH decoding results corresponding to the DMRS (eg, may be derived based on the decoding results).
- FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating an example of DMRS radio resources transmitted during training.
- the period of radio resources in FIG. 3A may be a training period (eg, one slot, multiple slots).
- the illustrated minimum square area may correspond to one resource element or may correspond to a plurality of resource elements (the same applies to subsequent drawings).
- DMRSs are transmitted three times in a temporally discontinuous manner in one resource block (12 subcarriers) over two symbols.
- the DMRS transmitted during the training period may be called a training DMRS.
- the training DMRS may be transmitted using all available DMRS ports or may be transmitted using some DMRS ports (or multiple transmissions using some DMRS ports may be performed). , transmission using all DMRS ports may occur).
- PDSCH/PUSCH corresponding to the DMRS may be transmitted on radio resources other than the DMRS during the training period, or other RSs may be transmitted.
- FIG. 3B shows an example of training an ML model using the DMRS of FIG. 3A.
- channel estimation based on all samples of the training DMRS of FIG. 3A Training is performed to output information.
- the ML model may be trained to reproduce high-density DMRS measurements from low-density DMRS measurements.
- density may mean the density or number of at least one of time resources, frequency resources, code resources, and ports (antenna ports).
- resource may mean resource/port
- port may mean resource/port.
- the input in FIG. 3B may be, for example, DMRS-based measurement results in which some time resources/frequency resources/code resources/ports are extracted from the training DMRS.
- the DMRS measurement result based on the resource for every 4 subcarriers of the first 2-symbol DMRS in FIG. 3A is given as an input, but it is not limited to this.
- training can be done given the results of any DMRS resource/port of FIG. 3A (eg, it can be as little as one resource element/port) as input.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example of DMRS radio resources transmitted during a test.
- the period of radio resources in FIG. 4A may be a test period (eg, one slot, multiple slots).
- DMRS are transmitted on resources every four subcarriers of the first two-symbol DMRS in FIG. 3A. Note that the DMRS is not limited to this, and DMRS may be transmitted in any resource during the test period.
- the DMRS transmitted during the test period may be called a test DMRS.
- the test DMRS density may be different than the training DMRS density. In other words, the DMRS density may differ based on whether in training mode or test mode. It is preferable that the test DMRS density is smaller than the training DMRS density in order to reduce the communication overhead on DMRS.
- PDSCH/PUSCH corresponding to the DMRS may be transmitted, or other RSs may be transmitted, in radio resources other than the DMRS during the test period. If the test DMRS density is lower than the training DMRS density, radio resources that can be used for data transmission (PDSCH/PUSCH) increase, so an increase in communication throughput can be expected.
- time resources/frequency resources/code resources/ports of the training DMRS are the same (overlapping) in the test DMRS.
- FIG. 4B shows an example of testing the ML model using the DMRS of FIG. 4A.
- the ML model trained in training mode given the DMRS measurements of FIG. 4A as input, outputs channel estimation information that corresponds to the channel estimation information based on all samples of the training DMRS. As such, the test is performed. If this output result (predicted value) falls within a certain error range compared to the channel estimation information (expected value) based on all samples of training DMRS, it is determined that the trained ML model is suitable for practical use. You may complete the test.
- the test mode may correspond to a mode in which channel estimation is performed based on DMRS with a density different from that in the training mode.
- the first embodiment described above it is possible to suitably generate an ML model that predicts high-density DMRS measurement results from low-density DMRS measurement results.
- an ML model that predicts high-density DMRS measurement results from low-density DMRS measurement results.
- channel estimation using the ML model it is possible to reduce the amount of radio resources for DMRS, and an increase in communication throughput is expected.
- a second embodiment relates to implementing AI-assisted DMRS estimation at the UE/BS.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a sequence for AI-assisted DMRS estimation in a UE according to the second embodiment.
- a UE receives pre-trained ML model information from a BS (step S101). Note that step S101 may be omitted if the UE already has (eg, preconfigured/stored) the information of the pre-trained ML model.
- the UE performs ML model training based on the received training DMRS (eg, DMRS for PDSCH), as exemplarily described in FIGS. 3A and 3B (step S102).
- DMRS eg, DMRS for PDSCH
- the UE reports recommended DMRS resource allocation information (for example, recommended DMRS density) to the BS (step S103). Based on this information, the BS may send information to the UE to configure more favorable (eg, less dense) DMRS resources. Note that step S103 may be omitted.
- recommended DMRS resource allocation information for example, recommended DMRS density
- the UE performs a test of the ML model trained in step S102 based on the received test DMRS (step S104), as exemplified in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- the UE estimates the channel based on the test DMRS with a different density than the training DMRS used in step S102.
- step S104 the UE may input the estimation result using the test DMRS for the PDSCH and decode the PDSCH based on the channel estimation information output from the ML model.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a sequence for AI-assisted DMRS estimation in a BS according to the second embodiment.
- the UE transmits information (which may be called UE information) necessary for training the ML model to the BS (step S111).
- the BS Based on the information sent in step S111 and the training DMRS sent separately from the UE (eg, DMRS for PUSCH), the BS performs the ML as exemplarily described in FIGS. 3A and 3B. A model is trained (step S112).
- the BS notifies the UE of recommended DMRS resource allocation information (for example, recommended DMRS density) (step S113).
- the information may be information for configuring/indicating DMRS resources that are preferable (eg, low density) to training DMRS. Note that step S113 may be omitted.
- the BS performs a test of the ML model trained in step S112 based on the received test DMRS, as exemplified in FIGS. 4A and 4B (step S114). In other words, the BS estimates the channel based on the test DMRS, which has a different density than the training DMRS used in step S112.
- the BS may input the estimation result using the test DMRS for the PUSCH and decode the PUSCH based on the channel estimation information output from the ML model.
- AI-assisted DMRS estimation in the UE/BS can be performed appropriately.
- a third embodiment relates to the setting of training DMRSs and test DMRSs.
- the UE may be informed of the DMRS configuration using higher layer signaling (eg RRC signaling, MAC CE), physical layer signaling (eg DCI) or a combination thereof.
- higher layer signaling eg RRC signaling, MAC CE
- physical layer signaling eg DCI
- FIG. 7A-7C are diagrams showing an example of DMRS configuration according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 7A shows a DMRS configuration (which may be referred to as an enhanced DMRS configuration), including a training DMRS configuration (eg, density) and a test DMRS configuration (eg, density). Note that each setting may include one or more densities.
- FIG. 7B shows an example in which training DMRS settings and test DMRS settings are set as separate setting information.
- one of the training DMRS setting and the test DMRS setting is set, and information for deriving the other from the set one (for example, information on the difference between the two) is set.
- Fig. 7C shows an example in which training DMRS settings and test DMRS settings are set as separate setting information.
- the derivation rules e.g. difference, rate, sampling pattern, mapping pattern
- the derivation rules may be pre-specified or signaled to the UE/BS via higher layer/physical layer signaling. good.
- the difference (offset) between the density of the training DMRS and the density of the test DMRS, or the ratio of one of them to the other may be specified in advance or may be notified to the UE/BS by higher layer signaling/physical layer signaling.
- a UE that has received a training DMRS configuration may determine the test DMRS density based on the training DMRS density if it does not receive a test DMRS configuration.
- sampling pattern or mapping pattern may be pre-specified or signaled to the UE/BS via higher layer/physical layer signaling. These patterns will be described later.
- the training DMRS/test DMRS settings may be determined based on predetermined rules (for example, rules defined by specifications) without explicit DMRS settings. For example, if the density of one of the training DMRS and the test DMRS is not set, the other density may be determined regardless of the one density (independently), or the other density based on the one density A density may be determined.
- the UE may report the training DMRS density and/or the test DMRS density (or preferred density) to the BS.
- This reported density may be a density independent of the DMRS density configured by the BS, or a DMRS density based on the DMRS density configured by the BS.
- the UE may report the test DMRS density (or the density preferred as the test DMRS density) to the BS.
- This reported density may be a density independent of the training DMRS settings or a DMRS density based on the training DMRS settings.
- a BS that receives a DMRS density report from a UE may transmit a DMRS having a density based on the report or a configuration of the DMRS to the UE.
- FIGS. 8A-8C are diagrams showing examples of sampling patterns in the time domain.
- FIG. 8A shows an example of training DMRS time resources. In the illustrated training period (eg, 1 slot), 4 discrete DMRS resources are shown.
- the UE may sample every X (where X is an integer) DMRS resources in the time domain (in other words, at period X) and use them as test DMRS resources.
- PDSCH DMRS DL DMRS
- PUSCH DMRS UL DMRS
- the UE may perform control such that transmission is performed on every X DMRS resources in the time domain and transmission is not performed on other DMRS resources.
- X 2
- the UE may use the first and third resources as test DMRS resources for estimation.
- the UE may assume that the second and fourth resources are not used as test DMRS resources (used for signals other than test DMRS (eg PDSCH)).
- the UE may transmit the first and third resources as test DMRS resources.
- the UE may not transmit test DMRS resources in the second and fourth resources (may transmit signals other than test DMRS (eg, PUSCH)).
- the UE may sample the first X (X is an integer) DMRS resources in the time domain and use them as test DMRS resources.
- X is an integer
- the UE may control transmission on the first X DMRS resources in the time domain and no transmission on other DMRS resources.
- first means “last”, “minimum”, “maximum”, “highest”, “lowest”, “of a specific value”, "i-th (i may be interchanged with integers, such as 1, 2, . . .
- integers such as 1, 2, . . .
- small and “large” may be read interchangeably.
- X 2
- the UE may use the first and second resources as test DMRS resources for estimation or as test DMRS resources for transmission.
- FIG. 9A-9D are diagrams showing examples of sampling patterns in the frequency domain.
- FIG. 9A shows an example of frequency resources for training DMRS.
- PRB physical resource block
- the UE may sample every X (X is an integer) (eg, X subcarriers) DMRS resources in the frequency domain and use them as test DMRS resources.
- the UE may perform control such that transmission is performed on every X DMRS resources in the frequency domain and transmission is not performed on other DMRS resources.
- X 4th, 8th, and 12th subcarriers as test DMRS resources for estimation.
- the UE may sample X minimum or maximum (X is an integer) DMRS resources in a specific region (eg, 1 PRB) of the frequency domain and use them as test DMRS resources.
- X is an integer
- X 3, and the UE may use the smallest 1st, 2nd, and 3rd subcarriers as test DMRS resources for estimation.
- X 3 and the UE may use the 10th, 11th and 12th subcarriers as test DMRS resources for estimation.
- FIG. 10A-10C are diagrams showing examples of port domain sampling patterns.
- FIG. 10A shows an example of training DMRS ports.
- DMRSs of ports #1-#8 are allocated for 12 subcarriers.
- the UE may sample DMRS resources corresponding to port indexes for each X (X is an integer) and use them as test DMRS resources.
- the UE may perform control so that transmission is performed on the DMRS resource corresponding to the port index for each X, and transmission is not performed on other DMRS resources.
- X 4
- the UE may use the DMRS resources of DMRS ports #1 and #5 as test DMRS resources for estimation.
- the UE may sample DMRS resources corresponding to the minimum or maximum X (X is an integer) port indices and use them as test DMRS resources.
- X 2
- the UE may use the minimum two (port #1, #2) DMRS resources as test DMRS resources for estimation.
- the time domain density of PDSCH DMRS/PUSCH DMRS is up to 4 non-contiguous resources in one slot, and the frequency domain density is up to 6 (Type 1) in 1 PRB or Up to two (type 2).
- the density of DMRS may be expanded from existing DMRS (density that cannot be covered by existing DMRS may be available). This density enhancement may only be applied when AI-assisted DMRS estimation is applied.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B are diagrams showing an example of time-domain densities of test DMRSs and training DMRSs.
- FIG. 11A shows the time domain density of the test DMRS, with one non-contiguous resource mapped in one slot.
- FIG. 11B shows the time-domain density of the training DMRS, with five non-contiguous resources mapped within one slot. That is, 4 or more additional DMRS positions may be supported if AI-assisted DMRS estimation is applied.
- FIG. 12A-12C are diagrams showing an example of frequency domain densities of training DMRSs and test DMRSs.
- FIG. 12A shows the frequency domain density of training DMRSs, with DMRSs mapped to all subcarriers within one PRB.
- FIG. 12B shows the frequency domain density of test DMRSs, where DMRSs are mapped for every 4 subcarriers within 1 PRB.
- FIG. 12C shows the frequency domain density of test DMRSs, with DMRSs mapped every 3 PRBs.
- Existing Rel. The 15/16 specifications required that PRBs that transmit data contain DMRSs, but the density of DMRSs is reduced in FIG. 12C.
- the training DMRS and the test DMRS can be set appropriately.
- a fourth embodiment relates to the distinction between training mode and test mode.
- the UE/BS may determine which mode the UE/BS is in based on at least one of the following: (4-1) Report information about the mode to the BS, (4-2) Receipt of information (instruction) about the mode from the BS; (4-3) Specific rules/patterns.
- the information in (4-1) above may be transmitted using physical layer signaling (eg, UCI), higher layer signaling (eg, RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals/channels, or a combination thereof. .
- physical layer signaling eg, UCI
- higher layer signaling eg, RRC signaling, MAC CE
- specific signals/channels or a combination thereof.
- the information in (4-2) above may be transmitted using physical layer signaling (eg, DCI), higher layer signaling (eg, RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals/channels, or a combination thereof. .
- physical layer signaling eg, DCI
- higher layer signaling eg, RRC signaling, MAC CE
- the rules/patterns of (4-3) above may be defined in advance by specifications, physical layer signaling (eg, DCI), higher layer signaling (eg, RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals/channels, Or you may be notified using these combinations.
- physical layer signaling eg, DCI
- higher layer signaling eg, RRC signaling, MAC CE
- specific signals/channels Or you may be notified using these combinations.
- the information on the modes (4-1) and (4-2) above may be called trigger information, may include information indicating training mode or test mode, and may indicate mode switching (or mode switching). may include information indicating that a specific mode (for example, a test mode) may be performed, and after receiving the trigger information, the above (4-3) may include information indicating that it operates according to certain rules/patterns of
- the information about the mode may indicate the number of samples (eg, 50, 100, 200 samples) until training/testing is completed.
- a UE operating in training (test) mode may transition to test (training) mode after transmitting/receiving that number of samples.
- the information about the mode may also indicate the time to complete training/testing (eg, number of slots (eg, 5, 10 slots), number of symbols). For example, a UE operating in training (test) mode may transition to test (training) mode after the time has elapsed.
- FIGS. 13A and 13B are diagrams showing an example of mode switching control. In this example, it is assumed that mode operation can be switched on a slot-by-slot basis.
- the UE in the first four slots shown, the UE is operating in training mode.
- the UE receives trigger information (eg, MAC CE).
- the trigger information specifies the operation of switching between the test mode and the training mode for each slot.
- the mode switching operation is performed from the next slot after receiving the trigger information. It may be after transmission of ACKnowledge (ACK) (or after a certain period of time after this transmission).
- ACK ACKnowledge
- trigger information is notified based on DCI.
- a UE that has been operating in training mode (for example, PDSCH DMRS ML model training) in the first two slots illustrated receives a DCI indicating a training end instruction in the third slot, and from the next fourth slot It may work in test mode.
- training mode for example, PDSCH DMRS ML model training
- the fifth embodiment relates to transmission and reception of ML model information.
- Information on at least one of a trained ML model and a pre-trained ML model (hereinafter also referred to as ML model information, ML model report, etc.) is sent from a subject (UE/BS) to another subject (BS/UE/another UE/another BS).
- the UE/BS may train/adjust/update (eg, fine-tuning)/transfer-learn the ML model based on received, trained or pre-trained ML model information.
- the UE/BS may also implement a combination of the ML model it has trained and the received ML model (e.g., use the output of the received ML model as input for the ML model it has trained. may be used).
- the pre-trained ML model may be selected from multiple models based on the location of the UE/BS (location information), channel measurement results at the UE/BS, and the like.
- the pre-trained ML model information may be pre-stored in the UE/BS or configured by higher layer signaling.
- the performance information (performance report) of the ML model may be sent/received from one subject to another subject.
- the performance report may be sent together with the ML model information, or may be sent separately.
- a performance report may include at least one of the estimation (prediction) accuracy (or error) of an ML model, the number of samples used to train the ML model, and/or the like.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of information transmission/reception according to the fifth embodiment.
- trained ML model reports (which may be accompanied by performance reports) may be sent to and received from each other between BS-UE1, BS-UE2, UE1-UE2, and so on.
- Each UE/BS may utilize the received information to update (tune) the ML model.
- ML model report / performance report contains one or more weights (weights) used in each layer of the ML model, base pre-trained ML model information, a specific ML model (which may be referred to as a reference ML model), and differences from the reference ML model (for example, differences in weights, differences in the number of hidden layers, etc.).
- the pretrained ML model/reference ML model information may be an index of one or more ML models, for example, if multiple ML models are indexed (numbered).
- the parameters of the ML model indicated by the ML model report may be indicated with a predetermined granularity (unit).
- the granularity of the parameters of the ML model may be at least one of input parameters, output parameters, hidden layer parameters (eg, weights, hyperparameters (eg, number of hidden layers), etc.) for the ML model.
- the granularity of the parameters of the ML model may be determined in advance by specifications (may be determined by a specific rule), physical layer signaling (eg, DCI, UCI), higher layer signaling (eg, RRC signaling , MAC CE), a specific signal/channel, or a combination thereof, to the UE/BS.
- the notified granularity may be called recommended granularity, specified granularity, or the like.
- the parameters of the ML model indicated by the ML model report may be represented by at least one of absolute and relative values. Also, the parameters of the ML model indicated by the ML model report may be represented by at least one of discrete values (or digital values) and continuous values (or analog values).
- ML model reports may be sent using physical layer signaling (eg, DCI, UCI), higher layer signaling (eg, RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals/channels, or a combination thereof.
- the ML model report/performance report may be sent in the same cell as the cell for this ML model (the cell where the ML model is utilized), or in a different cell (e.g., the cell where the ML model is not utilized, the primary cell, a specific secondary cell).
- the ML model report may be sent and received periodically/semi-persistently/aperiodically.
- the ML model report transmission period may be configured in the UE by higher layer signaling.
- the UE may implement periodic transmission/reception of ML model reports when configured by higher layer signaling to periodically transmit/receive ML model reports.
- the UE may implement semi-persistent transmission/reception of ML model reports when triggered by DCI to semi-persistent transmission/reception of ML model reports.
- the UE may implement ML model report transmission/reception when requested (or triggered) by other UE/BS.
- the UE may also implement ML model report transmission/reception if conditions are met.
- the conditions may be predetermined according to specifications, or information about the conditions may be notified from other UE/BS using higher layer signaling or the like.
- the condition is, for example, that the reception quality of a specific channel/signal (for example, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)) has fallen below a threshold, or that a specific channel/signal has been retransmitted (or decoding has failed) , etc., may be at least one.
- RSRP Reference Signal Received Power
- the UE may transmit information about the UE (which may be referred to as UE information) to the BS in order to prompt the BS to select a pre-trained ML model to be used by the UE.
- the UE information may be information for identifying the position of the UE, for example, the position information of the present disclosure is information obtained using a positioning system such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), information adjacent to the UE (or serving) base station information (e.g., base station/cell identifier (ID), distance between BS-UE, direction of UE seen from BS, etc.), specific address of the UE ( For example, at least one such as an Internet Protocol (IP) address) may be included.
- the UE information may also include reference signals for positioning (eg, Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), CSI-RS, SRS, etc.).
- PRS Positioning Reference Signal
- CSI-RS CSI-RS
- SRS etc.
- the UE information may include information about its own implementation (eg, antenna location/position, antenna panel position/orientation, number of antennas, number of antenna panels, etc.).
- ML model information can be preferably shared among a plurality of devices (UE, BS).
- a sixth embodiment relates to the reporting of desired forms of information for ML models.
- the UE may report the desired form of information for training the ML model (which may be referred to as the desired information form) to or from another entity (BS/another UE) may receive.
- the preferred format may be reported using physical layer signaling (eg DCI, UCI), higher layer signaling (eg RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals/channels, or a combination thereof.
- the UE may report the desired form of information for input of the ML model (in other words, information for testing the ML model) to another entity (BS/another UE), or another entity may be received from BS/another UE.
- the desired format means at least one of, for example, the desired density, the desired period (or offset), etc. for the reference signal (e.g., DMRS, CSI-RS) to be measured for training / input of the ML model.
- the reference signal e.g., DMRS, CSI-RS
- the UE calculates a density / resource pattern that is preferable for training the ML model (in other words, likely to contribute to improving the estimation accuracy of the ML model) based on the DMRS measurement results transmitted from the BS,
- the information of the preferred density/resource pattern may be reported to the BS, and the BS may transmit DMRS using the preferred density/resource pattern.
- the report of the desired format of the sixth embodiment may be transmitted/received periodically/semi-persistently/aperiodically in the same manner as described for the ML model report of the fifth embodiment.
- the seventh embodiment relates to application conditions of the ML model.
- ML model application conditions may be defined in advance by specifications, physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI, UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals/channels, or these A combination may be used to inform the UE/BS.
- physical layer signaling e.g., DCI, UCI
- higher layer signaling e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE
- specific signals/channels e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE
- the UE under conditions where the ML model cannot be applied cannot perform training of the ML model and estimation using the ML model until the conditions where the ML model can be applied (for example, the estimation operation defined by Rel.16 It may be assumed that
- ML model sharing (in other words, the information of the ML model trained by a certain UE, to be used by notifying other UE) is the position of the UE (for example, between BS-UE distance, orientation of the UE with respect to the BS, etc.), implementation of the UE (eg, location of antennas, number of antennas, etc.), elapsed time after training, and/or the like.
- the ML model can be appropriately applied only to preferred UEs/BSs.
- DMRS in the present disclosure may be read as Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), or other reference signals.
- PRS Positioning Reference Signal
- PTRS Phase Tracking Reference Signal
- At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied only to UEs that have reported or support a specific UE capability.
- the specific UE capabilities may indicate at least one of the following: - whether to support AI-assisted PHY operation; whether to support AI-assisted DMRS estimation; Whether or not the ML model can be trained, whether it is possible to report capabilities for pre-trained ML models; whether or not to support extended DMRS configurations; ⁇ whether or not to support a particular sampling pattern; ⁇ whether or not to support notification of ML model information; • Whether to support identification of training and test modes.
- the UE capability may be reported for each frequency, may be reported for each frequency range (for example, Frequency Range 1 (FR1), Frequency Range 2 (FR2)), or may be reported for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing ( SCS))).
- FR1 Frequency Range 1
- FR2 Frequency Range 2
- SCS SubCarrier Spacing
- TDD Time Division Duplex
- FDD Frequency Division Duplex
- the above embodiments may be applied if the UE is configured with specific information related to the above embodiments by higher layer signaling.
- the specific information may be information indicating to enable ML model-based control, any RRC parameters for a specific release (eg, Rel.18), and the like.
- wireless communication system A configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below.
- communication is performed using any one of the radio communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment.
- the wireless communication system 1 may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc. specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). .
- LTE Long Term Evolution
- 5G NR 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio
- 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
- the wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)).
- RATs Radio Access Technologies
- MR-DC is dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E -UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.
- RATs Radio Access Technologies
- MR-DC is dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E -UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.
- LTE Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
- EN-DC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity
- NE-DC NR-E -UTRA Dual Connectivity
- the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (SN).
- the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.
- the wireless communication system 1 has dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC) in which both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) )) may be supported.
- dual connectivity NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC) in which both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB)
- gNB NR base stations
- a wireless communication system 1 includes a base station 11 forming a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) arranged in the macrocell C1 and forming a small cell C2 narrower than the macrocell C1. You may prepare.
- a user terminal 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, etc. of each cell and user terminals 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure.
- the base stations 11 and 12 are collectively referred to as the base station 10 when not distinguished.
- the user terminal 20 may connect to at least one of the multiple base stations 10 .
- the user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using a plurality of component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).
- CA carrier aggregation
- CC component carriers
- DC dual connectivity
- Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)).
- Macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and small cell C2 may be included in FR2.
- FR1 may be a frequency band below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz)
- FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.
- the user terminal 20 may communicate using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) in each CC.
- TDD Time Division Duplex
- FDD Frequency Division Duplex
- a plurality of base stations 10 may be connected by wire (for example, an optical fiber conforming to Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 interface, etc.) or wirelessly (for example, NR communication).
- wire for example, an optical fiber conforming to Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 interface, etc.
- NR communication for example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station is an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) is an IAB Also called a node.
- IAB Integrated Access Backhaul
- relay station relay station
- the base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10 .
- the core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.
- EPC Evolved Packet Core
- 5GCN 5G Core Network
- NGC Next Generation Core
- the user terminal 20 may be a terminal compatible with at least one of communication schemes such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.
- a radio access scheme based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing may be used.
- OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
- CP-OFDM Cyclic Prefix OFDM
- DFT-s-OFDM Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM
- OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
- SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
- a radio access method may be called a waveform.
- other radio access schemes for example, other single-carrier transmission schemes and other multi-carrier transmission schemes
- the UL and DL radio access schemes may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.
- a downlink shared channel Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
- PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
- PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
- PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
- an uplink shared channel (PUSCH) shared by each user terminal 20 an uplink control channel (PUCCH), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)) or the like may be used.
- PUSCH uplink shared channel
- PUCCH uplink control channel
- PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
- User data, upper layer control information, System Information Block (SIB), etc. are transmitted by the PDSCH.
- User data, higher layer control information, and the like may be transmitted by PUSCH.
- a Master Information Block (MIB) may be transmitted by the PBCH.
- Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH.
- the lower layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.
- DCI downlink control information
- the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc.
- the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc.
- PDSCH may be replaced with DL data
- PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.
- a control resource set (CControl Resource SET (CORESET)) and a search space (search space) may be used for PDCCH detection.
- CORESET corresponds to a resource searching for DCI.
- the search space corresponds to the search area and search method of PDCCH candidates.
- a CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor CORESETs associated with certain search spaces based on the search space settings.
- One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels.
- One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that “search space”, “search space set”, “search space setting”, “search space set setting”, “CORESET”, “CORESET setting”, etc. in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.
- PUCCH channel state information
- acknowledgment information for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK/NACK, etc.
- SR scheduling request
- a random access preamble for connection establishment with a cell may be transmitted by the PRACH.
- downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link”.
- various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the head.
- synchronization signals SS
- downlink reference signals DL-RS
- the DL-RS includes a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS)), Positioning Reference Signal (PRS)), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS)), etc.
- CRS cell-specific reference signal
- CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
- DMRS Demodulation reference signal
- PRS Positioning Reference Signal
- PTRS Phase Tracking Reference Signal
- the synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS).
- PSS Primary Synchronization Signal
- SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal
- a signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called SS/PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), and so on.
- SS, SSB, etc. may also be referred to as reference signals.
- DMRS may also be called a user terminal-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment.
- the base station 10 comprises a control section 110 , a transmission/reception section 120 , a transmission/reception antenna 130 and a transmission line interface 140 .
- One or more of each of the control unit 110, the transmitting/receiving unit 120, the transmitting/receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.
- this example mainly shows the functional blocks that characterize the present embodiment, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. A part of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.
- the control unit 110 controls the base station 10 as a whole.
- the control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like, which are explained based on common recognition in the technical field according to the present disclosure.
- the control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (eg, resource allocation, mapping), and the like.
- the control unit 110 may control transmission/reception, measurement, etc. using the transmission/reception unit 120 , the transmission/reception antenna 130 and the transmission line interface 140 .
- the control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as a signal, control information, a sequence, etc., and transfer them to the transmission/reception unit 120 .
- the control unit 110 may perform call processing (setup, release, etc.) of communication channels, state management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, and the like.
- the transmitting/receiving section 120 may include a baseband section 121 , a radio frequency (RF) section 122 and a measuring section 123 .
- the baseband section 121 may include a transmission processing section 1211 and a reception processing section 1212 .
- the transmitting/receiving unit 120 is configured from a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transmitting/receiving circuit, etc., which are explained based on common recognition in the technical field according to the present disclosure. be able to.
- the transmission/reception unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmission/reception unit, or may be configured from a transmission unit and a reception unit.
- the transmission section may be composed of the transmission processing section 1211 and the RF section 122 .
- the receiving section may be composed of a reception processing section 1212 , an RF section 122 and a measurement section 123 .
- the transmitting/receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common recognition in the technical field related to the present disclosure, such as an array antenna.
- the transmitting/receiving unit 120 may transmit the above-described downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, and the like.
- the transmitting/receiving unit 120 may receive the above-described uplink channel, uplink reference signal, and the like.
- the transmitting/receiving unit 120 may form at least one of the transmission beam and the reception beam using digital beamforming (eg, precoding), analog beamforming (eg, phase rotation), or the like.
- digital beamforming eg, precoding
- analog beamforming eg, phase rotation
- the transmission/reception unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) performs Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (for example, RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (for example, HARQ retransmission control), etc. may be performed to generate a bit string to be transmitted.
- PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol
- RLC Radio Link Control
- MAC Medium Access Control
- HARQ retransmission control for example, HARQ retransmission control
- the transmission/reception unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) performs channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on the bit string to be transmitted. Processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, transmission processing such as digital-to-analog conversion may be performed, and the baseband signal may be output.
- channel coding which may include error correction coding
- modulation modulation
- mapping mapping
- filtering filtering
- DFT discrete Fourier transform
- DFT discrete Fourier transform
- the transmitting/receiving unit 120 may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filter processing, amplification, and the like on the baseband signal, and may transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transmitting/receiving antenna 130. .
- the transmitting/receiving unit 120 may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting/receiving antenna 130.
- the transmission/reception unit 120 (reception processing unit 1212) performs analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier transform (FFT) processing, and Inverse Discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) processing on the acquired baseband signal. )) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing and PDCP layer processing. User data and the like may be acquired.
- FFT Fast Fourier transform
- IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier transform
- the transmitting/receiving unit 120 may measure the received signal.
- the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurement, Channel State Information (CSI) measurement, etc. based on the received signal.
- the measurement unit 123 measures received power (for example, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (for example, Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)) , signal strength (for example, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), channel information (for example, CSI), and the like may be measured.
- RSRP Reference Signal Received Power
- RSSQ Reference Signal Received Quality
- SINR Signal to Noise Ratio
- RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator
- channel information for example, CSI
- the transmission path interface 140 transmits and receives signals (backhaul signaling) to and from devices included in the core network 30, other base stations 10, etc., and user data (user plane data) for the user terminal 20, control plane data, and the like. Data and the like may be obtained, transmitted, and the like.
- the transmitter and receiver of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitter/receiver 120, the transmitter/receiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.
- the transmitting/receiving unit 120 may transmit a demodulation reference signal (for example, DL DMRS) based on the first setting for training the machine learning model.
- a demodulation reference signal for example, DL DMRS
- the control unit 110 may perform control to transmit the demodulation reference signal based on the second setting for inputting the machine learning model trained based on the first setting.
- the transmitting/receiving section 120 may receive a demodulation reference signal (eg, UL DMRS).
- a demodulation reference signal eg, UL DMRS
- the control unit 110 may control prediction based on the second setting of the demodulation reference signal using a machine learning model trained based on the first setting of the demodulation reference signal.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment.
- the user terminal 20 includes a control section 210 , a transmission/reception section 220 and a transmission/reception antenna 230 .
- One or more of each of the control unit 210, the transmitting/receiving unit 220, and the transmitting/receiving antenna 230 may be provided.
- this example mainly shows the functional blocks of the features of the present embodiment, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. A part of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.
- the control unit 210 controls the user terminal 20 as a whole.
- the control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like, which are explained based on common recognition in the technical field according to the present disclosure.
- the control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, and the like.
- the control unit 210 may control transmission/reception, measurement, etc. using the transmission/reception unit 220 and the transmission/reception antenna 230 .
- the control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transmission/reception unit 220 .
- the transmitting/receiving section 220 may include a baseband section 221 , an RF section 222 and a measurement section 223 .
- the baseband section 221 may include a transmission processing section 2211 and a reception processing section 2212 .
- the transmitting/receiving unit 220 can be configured from a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transmitting/receiving circuit, etc., which are explained based on common recognition in the technical field according to the present disclosure.
- the transmission/reception unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmission/reception unit, or may be configured from a transmission unit and a reception unit.
- the transmission section may be composed of a transmission processing section 2211 and an RF section 222 .
- the receiving section may include a reception processing section 2212 , an RF section 222 and a measurement section 223 .
- the transmitting/receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common recognition in the technical field related to the present disclosure, such as an array antenna.
- the transmitting/receiving unit 220 may receive the above-described downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, and the like.
- the transmitting/receiving unit 220 may transmit the above-described uplink channel, uplink reference signal, and the like.
- the transmitter/receiver 220 may form at least one of the transmission beam and the reception beam using digital beamforming (eg, precoding), analog beamforming (eg, phase rotation), or the like.
- digital beamforming eg, precoding
- analog beamforming eg, phase rotation
- the transmission/reception unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) performs PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (for example, RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (for example, for data and control information acquired from the control unit 210, for example , HARQ retransmission control), etc., to generate a bit string to be transmitted.
- RLC layer processing for example, RLC retransmission control
- MAC layer processing for example, for data and control information acquired from the control unit 210, for example , HARQ retransmission control
- the transmitting/receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) performs channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), and IFFT processing on a bit string to be transmitted. , precoding, digital-analog conversion, and other transmission processing may be performed, and the baseband signal may be output.
- Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on transform precoding settings. Transmitting/receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211), for a certain channel (for example, PUSCH), if transform precoding is enabled, the above to transmit the channel using the DFT-s-OFDM waveform
- the DFT process may be performed as the transmission process, or otherwise the DFT process may not be performed as the transmission process.
- the transmitting/receiving unit 220 may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filter processing, amplification, and the like on the baseband signal, and may transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transmitting/receiving antenna 230. .
- the transmitting/receiving section 220 may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting/receiving antenna 230.
- the transmission/reception unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) performs analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (error correction) on the acquired baseband signal. decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, PDCP layer processing, and other reception processing may be applied to acquire user data and the like.
- the transmitting/receiving section 220 may measure the received signal.
- the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc. based on the received signal.
- the measuring unit 223 may measure received power (eg, RSRP), received quality (eg, RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (eg, RSSI), channel information (eg, CSI), and the like.
- the measurement result may be output to control section 210 .
- the transmitter and receiver of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitter/receiver 220, the transmitter/receiver antenna 230, and the transmission line interface 240.
- the transmitting/receiving section 220 may receive a demodulation reference signal (eg, DL DMRS).
- DL DMRS in the present disclosure may be at least one of PDSCH DMRS, PDCCH DMRS, PBCH DMRS, and the like.
- the control unit 210 uses a machine learning model trained based on the first setting of the demodulation reference signal (e.g., training mode setting) to obtain a second setting of the demodulation reference signal (e.g., test mode setting). (mode setting) may be controlled to perform prediction (estimation).
- first setting of the demodulation reference signal e.g., training mode setting
- second setting of the demodulation reference signal e.g., test mode setting
- mode setting may be controlled to perform prediction (estimation).
- the transmitting/receiving unit 220 may transmit a demodulation reference signal (eg, UL DMRS) based on the first setting for training a machine learning model (at the base station 10).
- UL DMRS in the present disclosure may be at least one of PUSCH DMRS, PUCCH DMRS, and the like.
- Control unit 210 controls the demodulation mode based on a second setting (eg, test mode settings) for inputting a machine learning model trained based on the first settings (eg, training mode settings). You may perform control which transmits a reference signal.
- a second setting eg, test mode settings
- a machine learning model trained based on the first settings eg, training mode settings.
- the density of the demodulation reference signals in the second setting may be lower than the density of the demodulation reference signals in the first setting.
- the control section 210 may determine the resources of the demodulation reference signals with the second setting by sampling the resources of the demodulation reference signals with the first setting.
- each functional block may be realized using one device physically or logically coupled, or directly or indirectly using two or more physically or logically separated devices (e.g. , wired, wireless, etc.) and may be implemented using these multiple devices.
- a functional block may be implemented by combining software in the one device or the plurality of devices.
- function includes judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deem , broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, assigning, etc.
- a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, a transmitter, or the like. In either case, as described above, the implementation method is not particularly limited.
- a base station, a user terminal, etc. in an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of hardware configurations of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment.
- the base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, and the like. .
- the hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of each device shown in the figure, or may be configured without some devices.
- processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.
- predetermined software program
- the processor 1001 performs calculations, communication via the communication device 1004 and at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003 .
- the processor 1001 operates an operating system and controls the entire computer.
- the processor 1001 may be configured by a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic device, registers, and the like.
- CPU central processing unit
- control unit 110 210
- transmission/reception unit 120 220
- FIG. 10 FIG. 10
- the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 to the memory 1002, and executes various processes according to them.
- programs program codes
- software modules software modules
- data etc.
- the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be similarly implemented.
- the memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium, such as Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or at least any other suitable storage medium. may be configured by one.
- the memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), or the like.
- the memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magneto-optical disk (for example, a compact disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM), etc.), a digital versatile disk, Blu-ray disc), removable disc, hard disk drive, smart card, flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key drive), magnetic stripe, database, server, or other suitable storage medium may be configured by Storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.
- a computer-readable recording medium for example, a flexible disk, a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magneto-optical disk (for example, a compact disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM), etc.), a digital versatile disk, Blu-ray disc), removable disc, hard disk drive, smart card, flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key drive), magnetic stripe, database, server, or other suitable storage medium may be configured by Storage 1003 may also
- the communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting/receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also called a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, or the like.
- the communication device 1004 includes a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc. in order to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD), for example. may be configured to include
- the transmitting/receiving unit 120 (220), the transmitting/receiving antenna 130 (230), and the like described above may be realized by the communication device 1004.
- the transmitter/receiver 120 (220) may be physically or logically separated into a transmitter 120a (220a) and a receiver 120b (220b).
- the input device 1005 is an input device (for example, keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside.
- the output device 1006 is an output device (for example, a display, a speaker, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated (for example, a touch panel).
- Each device such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information.
- the bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between devices.
- the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 include a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc. It may be configured including hardware, and a part or all of each functional block may be realized using the hardware. For example, processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.
- DSP digital signal processor
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- PLD programmable logic device
- FPGA field programmable gate array
- a signal may also be a message.
- a reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, a pilot signal, etc. according to an applied standard.
- a component carrier may also be called a cell, a frequency carrier, a carrier frequency, or the like.
- a radio frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain.
- Each of the one or more periods (frames) that make up a radio frame may be called a subframe.
- a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain.
- a subframe may be a fixed time length (eg, 1 ms) independent of numerology.
- a numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a certain signal or channel.
- Numerology for example, subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration , a particular filtering process performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, a particular windowing process performed by the transceiver in the time domain, and/or the like.
- a slot may consist of one or more symbols (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol, etc.) in the time domain.
- OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
- SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
- a slot may also be a unit of time based on numerology.
- a slot may contain multiple mini-slots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be referred to as a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot.
- a PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in time units larger than a minislot may be referred to as PDSCH (PUSCH) Mapping Type A.
- PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be referred to as PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.
- Radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots and symbols all represent time units when transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots and symbols may be referred to by other corresponding designations. Note that time units such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.
- one subframe may be called a TTI
- a plurality of consecutive subframes may be called a TTI
- one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (eg, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms may be Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, or the like instead of a subframe.
- TTI refers to, for example, the minimum scheduling time unit in wireless communication.
- a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (frequency bandwidth, transmission power, etc. that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal on a TTI basis.
- radio resources frequency bandwidth, transmission power, etc. that can be used by each user terminal
- a TTI may be a transmission time unit such as a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), code block, or codeword, or may be a processing unit such as scheduling and link adaptation. Note that when a TTI is given, the time interval (for example, the number of symbols) in which transport blocks, code blocks, codewords, etc. are actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.
- one or more TTIs may be the minimum scheduling time unit. Also, the number of slots (the number of mini-slots) constituting the minimum time unit of the scheduling may be controlled.
- a TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, or the like.
- a TTI that is shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial or fractional TTI, a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a minislot, a subslot, a slot, and the like.
- the long TTI (e.g., normal TTI, subframe, etc.) may be replaced with a TTI having a time length exceeding 1 ms
- the short TTI e.g., shortened TTI, etc.
- a TTI having the above TTI length may be read instead.
- a resource block is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers (subcarriers) in the frequency domain.
- the number of subcarriers included in the RB may be the same regardless of the neumerology, eg twelve.
- the number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on neumerology.
- an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may be 1 slot, 1 minislot, 1 subframe or 1 TTI long.
- One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be configured with one or more resource blocks.
- One or more RBs are Physical Resource Block (PRB), Sub-Carrier Group (SCG), Resource Element Group (REG), PRB pair, RB Also called a pair.
- PRB Physical Resource Block
- SCG Sub-Carrier Group
- REG Resource Element Group
- PRB pair RB Also called a pair.
- a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (Resource Element (RE)).
- RE resource elements
- 1 RE may be a radio resource region of 1 subcarrier and 1 symbol.
- a Bandwidth Part (which may also be called a bandwidth part) represents a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a numerology on a carrier.
- the common RB may be identified by an RB index based on the common reference point of the carrier.
- PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within that BWP.
- BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL).
- BWP for UL
- BWP for DL DL BWP
- One or multiple BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.
- At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal/channel outside the active BWP.
- BWP bitmap
- radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. described above are merely examples.
- the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots contained within a slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a slot or minislot, the number of Configurations such as the number of subcarriers and the number of symbols in a TTI, symbol length, cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. can be varied.
- the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. may be represented. For example, radio resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.
- data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. may refer to voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any of these. may be represented by a combination of
- information, signals, etc. can be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and/or from a lower layer to a higher layer.
- Information, signals, etc. may be input and output through multiple network nodes.
- Input/output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory), or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated or appended. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to other devices.
- Uplink Control Information (UCI) Uplink Control Information
- RRC Radio Resource Control
- MIB Master Information Block
- SIB System Information Block
- SIB System Information Block
- MAC Medium Access Control
- the physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1/Layer 2 (L1/L2) control information (L1/L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), and the like.
- RRC signaling may also be called an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC connection setup message, an RRC connection reconfiguration message, or the like.
- MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).
- CE MAC Control Element
- notification of predetermined information is not limited to explicit notification, but implicit notification (for example, by not notifying the predetermined information or by providing another information (by notice of
- the determination may be made by a value (0 or 1) represented by 1 bit, or by a boolean value represented by true or false. , may be performed by numerical comparison (eg, comparison with a predetermined value).
- Software whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language or otherwise, includes instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, and software modules. , applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, and the like.
- software, instructions, information, etc. may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium.
- the software uses wired technology (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), etc.) and/or wireless technology (infrared, microwave, etc.) , a server, or other remote source, these wired and/or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.
- a “network” may refer to devices (eg, base stations) included in a network.
- precoding "precoding weight”
- QCL Quality of Co-Location
- TCI state Transmission Configuration Indication state
- spatialal patial relation
- spatialal domain filter "transmission power”
- phase rotation "antenna port
- antenna port group "layer”
- number of layers Terms such as “rank”, “resource”, “resource set”, “resource group”, “beam”, “beam width”, “beam angle”, “antenna”, “antenna element”, “panel” are interchangeable. can be used as intended.
- base station BS
- radio base station fixed station
- NodeB NodeB
- eNB eNodeB
- gNB gNodeB
- Access point "Transmission Point (TP)”, “Reception Point (RP)”, “Transmission/Reception Point (TRP)”, “Panel”
- a base station may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, and the like.
- a base station can accommodate one or more (eg, three) cells.
- the overall coverage area of the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area is assigned to a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio)). Head (RRH))) may also provide communication services.
- a base station subsystem e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio)). Head (RRH)
- RRH Head
- the terms "cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of at least one of the base stations and base station subsystems that serve communication within such coverage.
- MS Mobile Station
- UE User Equipment
- Mobile stations include subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals. , a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable term.
- At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, or the like.
- At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, or the like.
- the mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., car, airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., drone, self-driving car, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned ).
- at least one of the base station and the mobile station includes devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations.
- at least one of the base station and mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.
- IoT Internet of Things
- the base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal.
- communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), etc.)
- the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above.
- words such as "up” and “down” may be replaced with words corresponding to inter-terminal communication (for example, "side”).
- uplink channels, downlink channels, etc. may be read as side channels.
- user terminals in the present disclosure may be read as base stations.
- the base station 10 may have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.
- operations that are assumed to be performed by the base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases.
- various operations performed for communication with a terminal may involve the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (e.g., Clearly, this can be done by a Mobility Management Entity (MME), Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc. (but not limited to these) or a combination thereof.
- MME Mobility Management Entity
- S-GW Serving-Gateway
- each aspect/embodiment described in the present disclosure may be used alone, may be used in combination, or may be used by switching along with execution. Also, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect/embodiment described in the present disclosure may be rearranged as long as there is no contradiction. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of the various steps using a sample order, and are not limited to the specific order presented.
- LTE Long Term Evolution
- LTE-A LTE-Advanced
- LTE-B LTE-Beyond
- SUPER 3G IMT-Advanced
- 4G 4th generation mobile communication system
- 5G 5th generation mobile communication system
- 6G 6th generation mobile communication system
- xG xG (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal number)
- Future Radio Access FAA
- RAT New - Radio Access Technology
- NR New Radio
- NX New radio access
- FX Future generation radio access
- GSM registered trademark
- CDMA2000 Code Division Multiple Access
- UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband
- IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi®
- IEEE 802.16 WiMAX®
- IEEE 802.20 Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other suitable wireless It may be applied to systems using communication methods, next-generation systems extended based on these, and the like. Also, multiple systems may be applied to systems using communication methods, next-generation systems extended based on these, and the like
- any reference to elements using the "first,” “second,” etc. designations used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, references to first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.
- determining includes judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiry ( For example, looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc. may be considered to be “determining.”
- determining (deciding) includes receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., transmitting information), input, output, access ( accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.
- determining is considered to be “determining” resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. good too. That is, “determining (determining)” may be regarded as “determining (determining)” some action.
- Maximum transmit power described in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, may mean the nominal maximum transmit power (the nominal UE maximum transmit power), or may mean the rated maximum transmit power (the rated UE maximum transmit power).
- connection refers to any connection or coupling, direct or indirect, between two or more elements. and can include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” to each other. Couplings or connections between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connection” may be read as "access”.
- radio frequency domain when two elements are connected, using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples, radio frequency domain, microwave They can be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” together using the domain, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the optical (both visible and invisible) domain, and the like.
- a and B are different may mean “A and B are different from each other.”
- the term may also mean that "A and B are different from C”.
- Terms such as “separate,” “coupled,” etc. may also be interpreted in the same manner as “different.”
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Abstract
A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit for receiving a reference signal for demodulation; and a control unit for exercising control to perform a prediction based on a second setting of the reference signal for demodulation, using a machine learning model having been trained on the basis of a first setting of the reference signal for demodulation. One embodiment of the present disclosure makes it possible to realize highly accurate channel estimation and highly efficient resource utilization.
Description
本開示は、次世代移動通信システムにおける端末、無線通信方法及び基地局に関する。
The present disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems.
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System(UMTS)ネットワークにおいて、更なる高速データレート、低遅延などを目的としてLong Term Evolution(LTE)が仕様化された(非特許文献1)。また、LTE(Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) Release(Rel.)8、9)の更なる大容量、高度化などを目的として、LTE-Advanced(3GPP Rel.10-14)が仕様化された。
In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the purpose of further high data rate, low delay, etc. (Non-Patent Document 1). In addition, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified for the purpose of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).
LTEの後継システム(例えば、5th generation mobile communication system(5G)、5G+(plus)、6th generation mobile communication system(6G)、New Radio(NR)、3GPP Rel.15以降などともいう)も検討されている。
LTE successor systems (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later) are also being considered. .
将来の無線通信技術について、ネットワーク/デバイスの制御、管理などに、機械学習(Machine Learning(ML))のような人工知能(Artificial Intelligence(AI))技術を活用することが検討されている。
Regarding future wireless communication technology, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology such as machine learning (ML) is being considered for network/device control and management.
しかしながら、無線通信にMLモデルを利用するにあたって、どの主体がMLモデルを実施するのか、どの主体がMLモデルをトレーニングするのか、などについては、まだ検討が進んでいない。これらを適切に規定しなければ、高精度なチャネル推定/高効率なリソースの利用が達成できず、通信スループット又は通信品質の向上が抑制されるおそれがある。
However, in using the ML model for wireless communication, consideration has not yet progressed regarding which entity will implement the ML model and which entity will train the ML model. If these are not defined appropriately, highly accurate channel estimation/highly efficient use of resources cannot be achieved, and there is a risk that improvements in communication throughput or communication quality will be suppressed.
そこで、本開示は、高精度なチャネル推定、高効率なリソースの利用などを実現できる端末、無線通信方法及び基地局を提供することを目的の1つとする。
Therefore, one of the purposes of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can realize highly accurate channel estimation, highly efficient use of resources, and the like.
本開示の一態様に係る端末は、復調用参照信号を受信する受信部と、前記復調用参照信号の第1の設定に基づいて訓練された機械学習モデルを用いて、前記復調用参照信号の第2の設定に基づく予測を行う制御をする制御部と、を有する。
A terminal according to an aspect of the present disclosure uses a receiving unit that receives a demodulation reference signal, and a machine learning model trained based on a first setting of the demodulation reference signal, and a control unit that controls prediction based on the second setting.
本開示の一態様によれば、高精度なチャネル推定、高効率なリソースの利用などを実現できる。
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, highly accurate channel estimation, highly efficient use of resources, and the like can be realized.
(無線通信への人工知能(Artificial Intelligence(AI))技術の適用)
将来の無線通信技術について、ネットワーク/デバイスの制御、管理などに、AI技術を活用することが検討されている。 (Application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology to wireless communication)
As for future wireless communication technology, utilization of AI technology for control and management of networks/devices is under consideration.
将来の無線通信技術について、ネットワーク/デバイスの制御、管理などに、AI技術を活用することが検討されている。 (Application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology to wireless communication)
As for future wireless communication technology, utilization of AI technology for control and management of networks/devices is under consideration.
例えば、将来の無線通信技術について、特に、ビームを用いる通信において、ビーム管理、受信信号の復号などのために、チャネル推定(チャネル測定と呼ばれてもよい)の高精度化が望まれている。
For example, for future wireless communication technologies, especially in communications using beams, it is desired to improve the accuracy of channel estimation (also referred to as channel measurement) for beam management, decoding of received signals, and the like. .
チャネル推定は、例えば、チャネル状態情報参照信号(Channel State Information Reference Signal(CSI-RS))、同期信号(Synchronization Signal(SS))、同期信号/ブロードキャストチャネル(Synchronization Signal/Physical Broadcast Channel(SS/PBCH))ブロック、復調用参照信号(DeModulation Reference Signal(DMRS))、測定用参照信号(Sounding Reference Signal(SRS))などの少なくとも1つを用いて行われてもよい。
Channel estimation, for example, Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Synchronization Signal (SS), Synchronization Signal/Physical Broadcast Channel (SS/PBCH )) block, demodulation reference signal (DMRS), measurement reference signal (SRS), or the like.
これまでの無線通信技術では、高精度なチャネル推定を行うためには、大量の推定用リソース(例えば、参照信号を送信するためのリソース)が必要であり、用いられる全アンテナポートについてのチャネル推定が必要であった。
Conventional wireless communication technology requires a large amount of estimation resources (for example, resources for transmitting reference signals) in order to perform highly accurate channel estimation. was necessary.
図1は、推定用リソースの一例を示す図である。本例では、NRの通信の3スロット分のリソース構成が例示されている。例えば、1スロット目において、端末(ユーザ端末、User Equipment(UE)などともいう)は、下りリンク共有チャネル(Physical Downlink Shared Channel(PDSCH))、上りリンク共有チャネル(Physical Uplink Shared Channel(PUSCH))などをスケジュールするための下りリンク制御情報(Downlink Control Information(DCI))と、PDSCHと、当該PDSCHのためのDMRSと、CSI-RSと、を受信する。2、3スロット目において、UEは、PUSCHと、当該PUSCHのためのDMRSと、を送信する。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of estimation resources. In this example, a resource configuration for 3 slots of NR communication is illustrated. For example, in the first slot, a terminal (also called a user terminal, User Equipment (UE), etc.) uses a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) Receive downlink control information (DCI) for scheduling etc., PDSCH, DMRS for the PDSCH, and CSI-RS. In the second and third slots, the UE transmits PUSCH and DMRS for the PUSCH.
高精度なチャネル推定の実現のためにDMRS、CSI-RSなどのリソースを増大させると、データ送受信のためのリソース(例えば、PDSCHリソース、PUSCHリソース)が減少してしまう。
If resources such as DMRS and CSI-RS are increased to achieve highly accurate channel estimation, resources for data transmission/reception (eg PDSCH resources, PUSCH resources) will decrease.
将来的に、より少ないリソースでの高精度なチャネル推定について、機械学習(Machine Learning(ML))のようなAI技術を利用して実現することが検討される。このようなチャネル推定は、AI支援推定(AI-aided estiamtion)と呼ばれてもよい。
In the future, it will be considered to use AI technology such as machine learning (ML) to achieve high-precision channel estimation with fewer resources. Such channel estimation may be called AI-aided estimation.
しかしながら、無線通信にMLモデルを利用するにあたって、どの主体がMLモデルを実施するのか、どの主体がMLモデルをトレーニングするのか、などについては、まだ検討が進んでいない。これらを適切に規定しなければ、高精度なチャネル推定/高効率なリソースの利用が達成できず、通信スループット又は通信品質の向上が抑制されるおそれがある。
However, in using the ML model for wireless communication, consideration has not yet progressed regarding which entity will implement the ML model and which entity will train the ML model. If these are not defined appropriately, highly accurate channel estimation/highly efficient use of resources cannot be achieved, and there is a risk that improvements in communication throughput or communication quality will be suppressed.
そこで、本発明者らは、特に物理レイヤ(Physical(PHY) layer)についてのMLモデルの利用方法を着想した。
Therefore, the inventors came up with a method of using the ML model, especially for the physical layer (Physical (PHY) layer).
本開示の一実施形態では、UE/基地局(Base Station(BS))は、訓練モード(training mode)においてMLモデルの訓練を行い、テストモード(test mode、testing modeなどとも呼ばれる)においてMLモデルを実施する。テストモードでは、訓練モードにおいて訓練されたMLモデル(trained ML model)の精度の検証(バリデーション)が行われてもよい。
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the UE/Base Station (BS) trains the ML model in training mode and the ML model in test mode (also called test mode, testing mode, etc.) to implement. In the test mode, validation of the accuracy of the trained ML model in the training mode may be performed.
本開示においては、UE/BSは、MLモデルに対して、チャネル状態情報、参照信号測定値などを入力して、高精度なチャネル状態情報/測定値/ビーム選択/位置などを出力してもよい。
In the present disclosure, the UE / BS inputs channel state information, reference signal measurements, etc. to the ML model, and outputs highly accurate channel state information / measurements / beam selection / positions, etc. good.
なお、本開示において、AIは、以下の少なくとも1つの特徴を有する(実施する)オブジェクト(対象、客体、データ、関数、プログラムなどとも呼ばれる)で読み替えられてもよい:
・観測又は収集される情報に基づく推定、
・観測又は収集される情報に基づく選択、
・観測又は収集される情報に基づく予測。 It should be noted that in the present disclosure, AI may be read as an object (also called object, object, data, function, program, etc.) having (implementing) at least one of the following characteristics:
Estimates based on observed or collected information;
- Choices based on information observed or collected;
• Predictions based on observed or collected information.
・観測又は収集される情報に基づく推定、
・観測又は収集される情報に基づく選択、
・観測又は収集される情報に基づく予測。 It should be noted that in the present disclosure, AI may be read as an object (also called object, object, data, function, program, etc.) having (implementing) at least one of the following characteristics:
Estimates based on observed or collected information;
- Choices based on information observed or collected;
• Predictions based on observed or collected information.
本開示において、当該物体は、例えば、端末、基地局などの装置、デバイスなどであってもよい。また、当該物体は、当該装置に含まれるプログラムに該当してもよい。
In the present disclosure, the object may be, for example, a terminal, a device such as a base station, or a device. Also, the object may correspond to a program included in the device.
また、本開示において、MLモデルは、以下の少なくとも1つの特徴を有する(実施する)オブジェクトで読み替えられてもよい:
・情報を与えること(feeding)によって、推定値を生み出す、
・情報を与えることによって、推定値を予測する、
・情報を与えることによって、特徴を発見する、
・情報を与えることによって、動作を選択する。 Also, in this disclosure, an ML model may be read as an object that has (enforces) at least one of the following characteristics:
Generating an estimate by feeding,
Informed to predict estimates;
・Discover characteristics by giving information,
• Selecting actions by giving information.
・情報を与えること(feeding)によって、推定値を生み出す、
・情報を与えることによって、推定値を予測する、
・情報を与えることによって、特徴を発見する、
・情報を与えることによって、動作を選択する。 Also, in this disclosure, an ML model may be read as an object that has (enforces) at least one of the following characteristics:
Generating an estimate by feeding,
Informed to predict estimates;
・Discover characteristics by giving information,
• Selecting actions by giving information.
また、本開示において、MLモデルは、AIモデル、予測分析(predictive analytics)、予測分析モデルなどの少なくとも1つで読み替えられてもよい。また、MLモデルは、回帰分析(例えば、線形回帰分析、重回帰分析、ロジスティック回帰分析)、サポートベクターマシン、ランダムフォレスト、ニューラルネットワーク、ディープラーニングなどの少なくとも1つを用いて導出されてもよい。本開示において、モデルは、エンコーダー、デコーダー、ツールなどの少なくとも1つで読み替えられてもよい。
Also, in the present disclosure, the ML model may be read as at least one of AI model, predictive analytics, predictive analysis model, and the like. Also, the ML model may be derived using at least one of regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machines, random forests, neural networks, deep learning, and the like. In this disclosure, model may be translated as at least one of encoder, decoder, tool, and the like.
MLモデルは、入力される情報に基づいて、推定値、予測値、選択される動作、分類、などの少なくとも1つの情報を出力する。
The ML model outputs at least one information such as estimated value, predicted value, selected action, classification, etc., based on the input information.
MLモデルには、教師あり学習(supervised learning)、教師なし学習(unsupervised learning)、強化学習(Reinforcement learning)などが含まれてもよい。教師あり学習は、入力を出力にマップする一般的なルールを学習するために用いられてもよい。教師なし学習は、データの特徴を学習するために用いられてもよい。強化学習は、目的(ゴール)を最大化するための動作を学習するために用いられてもよい。
The ML model may include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, etc. Supervised learning may be used to learn general rules that map inputs to outputs. Unsupervised learning may be used to learn features of data. Reinforcement learning may be used to learn actions to maximize a goal.
後述の各実施形態は、MLモデルに教師あり学習を利用する場合を想定して主に説明するが、これに限られない。
Each embodiment described later will be mainly described assuming that supervised learning is used in the ML model, but it is not limited to this.
本開示において、「A/B」、「A及びBの少なくとも一方」、は互いに読み替えられてもよい。
In the present disclosure, "A/B" and "at least one of A and B" may be read interchangeably.
本開示において、アクティベート、ディアクティベート、指示(又は指定(indicate))、選択、設定(configure)、更新(update)、決定(determine)などは、互いに読み替えられてもよい。本開示において、サポートする、制御する、制御できる、動作する、動作できる、は互いに読み替えられてもよい。
In the present disclosure, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, determine, etc. may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, supporting, controlling, controllable, operating, and capable of operating may be read interchangeably.
本開示において、無線リソース制御(Radio Resource Control(RRC))、RRCパラメータ、RRCメッセージ、上位レイヤパラメータ、情報要素(IE)、設定、は互いに読み替えられてもよい。本開示において、Medium Access Control制御要素(MAC Control Element(CE))、更新コマンド、アクティベーション/ディアクティベーションコマンド、は互いに読み替えられてもよい。
In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, information elements (IEs), and settings may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC Control Element (CE)), update command, and activation/deactivation command may be read interchangeably.
本開示において、インデックス、ID、インディケーター、リソースID、は互いに読み替えられてもよい。本開示において、シーケンス、リスト、セット、グループ、群、クラスター、サブセットなどは、互いに読み替えられてもよい。
In the present disclosure, indexes, IDs, indicators, and resource IDs may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, sequences, lists, sets, groups, groups, clusters, subsets, etc. may be read interchangeably.
本開示において、実施、運用、動作、実行などは、互いに読み替えられてもよい。また、本開示において、テスト、訓練後(after-training)、本番の利用、実際の利用、などは互いに読み替えられてもよい。信号は、信号/チャネルと互いに読み替えられてもよい。
In the present disclosure, implementation, operation, operation, execution, etc. may be read interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, testing, after-training, production use, actual use, etc. may be read interchangeably. A signal may be interchanged with signal/channel.
本開示において、訓練モードは、UE/BSがMLモデルのために信号を送信/受信するモード(言い換えると、訓練期間における動作モード)に該当してもよい。本開示において、テストモードは、UE/BSがMLモデルを実施する(例えば、訓練されたMLモデルを実施して出力を予測する)モード(言い換えると、テスト期間における動作モード)に該当してもよい。
In the present disclosure, the training mode may correspond to the mode in which the UE/BS transmits/receives signals for the ML model (in other words, the mode of operation during training). In the present disclosure, the test mode corresponds to the mode in which the UE/BS implements the ML model (e.g., implements the trained ML model to predict the output) (in other words, the operating mode during the test). good.
本開示において、訓練モードは、テストモードで送信される特定の信号について、オーバーヘッドが大きい(例えば、リソース量が多い)当該特定の信号が送信されるモードを意味してもよい。
In the present disclosure, training mode may refer to a mode in which a specific signal transmitted in test mode has a large overhead (eg, a large amount of resources) is transmitted.
本開示において、訓練モードは、第1の設定(例えば、第1のDMRS設定、第1のCSI-RS設定)を参照するモードを意味してもよい。本開示において、テストモードは、第1の設定とは別の第2の設定(例えば、第2のDMRS設定、第2のCSI-RS設定)を参照するモードを意味してもよい。第1の設定は、第2の設定よりも、測定に関する時間リソース、周波数リソース、符号リソース、ポート(アンテナポート)の少なくとも1つが多く設定されてもよい。
In the present disclosure, training mode may refer to a mode that refers to a first configuration (eg, first DMRS configuration, first CSI-RS configuration). In the present disclosure, test mode may refer to a mode that refers to a second configuration (eg, second DMRS configuration, second CSI-RS configuration) different from the first configuration. At least one of time resources, frequency resources, code resources, and ports (antenna ports) related to measurement may be set more in the first setting than in the second setting.
以下、本開示に係る実施形態について、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。各実施形態に係る無線通信方法は、それぞれ単独で適用されてもよいし、組み合わせて適用されてもよい。
Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The wireless communication method according to each embodiment may be applied independently, or may be applied in combination.
以下の実施形態では、UE-BS間の通信に関するMLモデルを説明するため、関連する主体はUE及びBSであるが、本開示の各実施形態の適用は、これに限られない。例えば、別の主体間の通信(例えば、UE-UE間の通信)については、下記実施形態のUE及びBSを、第1のUE及び第2のUEで読み替えてもよい。言い換えると、本開示のUE、BSなどは、いずれも任意のUE/BSで読み替えられてもよい。
In the following embodiments, the UE and the BS are the relevant subjects in order to explain the ML model for communication between the UE and the BS, but the application of each embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, for communication between different entities (eg, UE-UE communication), UE and BS in the following embodiments may be read as first UE and second UE. In other words, any UE, BS, etc. in this disclosure may be read as any UE/BS.
(無線通信方法)
<第1の実施形態>
第1の実施形態は、AI支援DMRS推定のMLモデルに関する。 (Wireless communication method)
<First embodiment>
A first embodiment relates to an ML model for AI-assisted DMRS estimation.
<第1の実施形態>
第1の実施形態は、AI支援DMRS推定のMLモデルに関する。 (Wireless communication method)
<First embodiment>
A first embodiment relates to an ML model for AI-assisted DMRS estimation.
図2は、第1の実施形態にかかるMLモデルの構成の一例を示す図である。当該MLモデルの入力はDMRS測定(の結果)であり、出力はチャネル推定情報である。なお、MLモデルの入力は、DMRS測定(の結果)とともに又はこの代わりに、他の参照信号測定(の結果)が含まれてもよい。以降、本開示においては、MLモデルの入力はDMRS測定(の結果)だけとして説明するが、これに限られない。
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the ML model according to the first embodiment. The input of the ML model is (the result of) the DMRS measurements and the output is the channel estimation information. It should be noted that the input of the ML model may include (results of) other reference signal measurements along with (results of) DMRS measurements or instead. Hereinafter, in the present disclosure, the input of the ML model will be described as (the result of) the DMRS measurement only, but the present disclosure is not limited to this.
出力のチャネル推定情報は、例えば、チャネル係数(channel coefficient)、チャネル変動、特定の無線リソース(時間/周波数リソースなど)におけるDMRSの位相/振幅、生成(送信)されたDMRSの位相/振幅と受信されるDMRSの位相/振幅とのずれなどの少なくとも1つであってもよい。出力のチャネル推定情報は、上記DMRSに対応するPDSCH/PUSCHの復号結果に関連してもよい(例えば、復号結果に基づいて導出されてもよい)。
The output channel estimation information includes, for example, channel coefficients, channel variations, DMRS phase/amplitude on specific radio resources (such as time/frequency resources), generated (transmitted) DMRS phase/amplitude and received at least one of the phase/amplitude shift of the DMRS received. The output channel estimation information may relate to the PDSCH/PUSCH decoding results corresponding to the DMRS (eg, may be derived based on the decoding results).
図3A及び3Bは、MLモデルの訓練の一例を示す図である。図3Aは、訓練中に送信されるDMRSの無線リソースの一例を示す図である。例えば、図3Aの無線リソースの期間は、訓練期間(例えば、1スロット、複数スロット)であってもよい。なお、図示される最小の四角の領域は、1リソースエレメントに該当してもよいし、複数のリソースエレメントに該当してもよい(以降の図面でも同様)。図3Aの例では、2シンボルにわたる1リソースブロック(12サブキャリア)において、時間的に不連続に3回DMRSが送信される。
Figures 3A and 3B are diagrams showing an example of ML model training. FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating an example of DMRS radio resources transmitted during training. For example, the period of radio resources in FIG. 3A may be a training period (eg, one slot, multiple slots). Note that the illustrated minimum square area may correspond to one resource element or may correspond to a plurality of resource elements (the same applies to subsequent drawings). In the example of FIG. 3A, DMRSs are transmitted three times in a temporally discontinuous manner in one resource block (12 subcarriers) over two symbols.
なお、訓練期間で送信されるDMRSは、訓練用DMRSと呼ばれてもよい。訓練用DMRSは、利用され得る全てのDMRSポートを用いて送信されてもよいし、一部のDMRSポートを用いて送信されてもよい(また、一部のDMRSポートを用いる送信を複数行って、全部のDMRSポートを用いる送信が行われてもよい)。
The DMRS transmitted during the training period may be called a training DMRS. The training DMRS may be transmitted using all available DMRS ports or may be transmitted using some DMRS ports (or multiple transmissions using some DMRS ports may be performed). , transmission using all DMRS ports may occur).
なお、訓練期間におけるDMRS以外の無線リソースでは、当該DMRSに対応するPDSCH/PUSCHが送信されてもよいし、他のRSが送信されてもよい。
Note that PDSCH/PUSCH corresponding to the DMRS may be transmitted on radio resources other than the DMRS during the training period, or other RSs may be transmitted.
図3Bは、図3AのDMRSを用いるMLモデルの訓練の一例を示す。本例では、事前訓練された(pre-trained)MLモデルに対して、図3Aの訓練用DMRSからサンプリングされたDMRSの測定結果を入力すると、図3Aの訓練用DMRSの全サンプルに基づくチャネル推定情報を出力するように、訓練が実施される。言い換えると、低密度のDMRS測定結果から、高密度のDMRS測定結果を再現するように、MLモデルが訓練されてもよい。
FIG. 3B shows an example of training an ML model using the DMRS of FIG. 3A. In this example, given a pre-trained ML model with sampled DMRS measurements from the training DMRS of FIG. 3A, channel estimation based on all samples of the training DMRS of FIG. 3A Training is performed to output information. In other words, the ML model may be trained to reproduce high-density DMRS measurements from low-density DMRS measurements.
本開示において、「密度(density)」は、時間リソース、周波数リソース、符号リソース、ポート(アンテナポート)の少なくとも1つの密度又は数を意味してもよい。また、本開示において、リソースは、リソース/ポートを意味してもよいし、ポートは、リソース/ポートを意味してもよい。
In the present disclosure, "density" may mean the density or number of at least one of time resources, frequency resources, code resources, and ports (antenna ports). Also, in the present disclosure, resource may mean resource/port, and port may mean resource/port.
図3Bの入力は、例えば、訓練用DMRSから、一部の時間リソース/周波数リソース/符号リソース/ポートを抽出したDMRSに基づく測定結果であってもよい。
The input in FIG. 3B may be, for example, DMRS-based measurement results in which some time resources/frequency resources/code resources/ports are extracted from the training DMRS.
なお、図3Bでは入力として、図3Aの最初の2シンボルDMRSの4サブキャリアごとのリソースに基づくDMRS測定結果を与えているが、これに限られない。入力として図3Aの任意のDMRSリソース/ポート(例えば、1リソースエレメント/1ポートだけでもよい)の結果を与えて訓練できることは、当業者であれば当然理解できる。
In addition, in FIG. 3B, the DMRS measurement result based on the resource for every 4 subcarriers of the first 2-symbol DMRS in FIG. 3A is given as an input, but it is not limited to this. Those skilled in the art will of course appreciate that training can be done given the results of any DMRS resource/port of FIG. 3A (eg, it can be as little as one resource element/port) as input.
高密度のDMRSに基づく測定結果と、当該高密度のDMRSから抽出された低密度のDMRSに基づく推定結果と、当該高密度のDMRSの密度/リソース情報と、当該低密度のDMRSの密度/リソース情報と、のいずれか又はこれらの任意の組み合わせが、MLモデルのための教師データに該当する。
Measurement results based on high-density DMRS, estimation results based on low-density DMRS extracted from the high-density DMRS, density/resource information of the high-density DMRS, and density/resource of the low-density DMRS Information, or any combination of these, corresponds to the training data for the ML model.
図4A及び4Bは、MLモデルのテストの一例を示す図である。図4Aは、テスト中に送信されるDMRSの無線リソースの一例を示す図である。例えば、図4Aの無線リソースの期間は、テスト期間(例えば、1スロット、複数スロット)であってもよい。図4Aの例では、図3Aにおける最初の2シンボルDMRSの4サブキャリアごとのリソースにおいて、DMRSが送信されている。なお、これに限られず、テスト期間の任意のリソースにおいて、DMRSが送信されてもよい。
Figures 4A and 4B are diagrams showing an example of testing the ML model. FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example of DMRS radio resources transmitted during a test. For example, the period of radio resources in FIG. 4A may be a test period (eg, one slot, multiple slots). In the example of FIG. 4A, DMRS are transmitted on resources every four subcarriers of the first two-symbol DMRS in FIG. 3A. Note that the DMRS is not limited to this, and DMRS may be transmitted in any resource during the test period.
なお、テスト期間で送信されるDMRSは、テスト用DMRSと呼ばれてもよい。テスト用DMRSの密度は、訓練用DMRSの密度とは異なってもよい。言い換えると、DMRS密度は、訓練モードかテストモードかに基づいて異なってもよい。DMRSにかかる通信オーバーヘッド低減のために、訓練用DMRS密度よりもテスト用DMRS密度が小さいことが好ましい。
Note that the DMRS transmitted during the test period may be called a test DMRS. The test DMRS density may be different than the training DMRS density. In other words, the DMRS density may differ based on whether in training mode or test mode. It is preferable that the test DMRS density is smaller than the training DMRS density in order to reduce the communication overhead on DMRS.
なお、テスト期間におけるDMRS以外の無線リソースでは、当該DMRSに対応するPDSCH/PUSCHが送信されてもよいし、他のRSが送信されてもよい。テスト用DMRSの密度が訓練用DMRSの密度よりも小さいと、データ送信(PDSCH/PUSCH)のために利用できる無線リソースが増えるため、通信スループットの増大が期待できる。
Note that PDSCH/PUSCH corresponding to the DMRS may be transmitted, or other RSs may be transmitted, in radio resources other than the DMRS during the test period. If the test DMRS density is lower than the training DMRS density, radio resources that can be used for data transmission (PDSCH/PUSCH) increase, so an increase in communication throughput can be expected.
テスト用DMRSは、訓練用DMRSの時間リソース/周波数リソース/符号リソース/ポートのうち、少なくとも一部が同じ(重複する)DMRSであることが好ましい。
It is preferable that at least some of the time resources/frequency resources/code resources/ports of the training DMRS are the same (overlapping) in the test DMRS.
図4Bは、図4AのDMRSを用いるMLモデルのテストの一例を示す。本例では、訓練モードにおいて訓練された(trained)MLモデルに対して、図4AのDMRSの測定結果を入力すると、訓練用DMRSの全サンプルに基づくチャネル推定情報に相当するチャネル推定情報を出力するように、テストが実施される。この出力結果(予測値)が、訓練用DMRSの全サンプルに基づくチャネル推定情報(期待値)と比べて、ある誤差の範囲に収まったら、訓練されたMLモデルが実用に耐えると判断して、テストを完了してもよい。
FIG. 4B shows an example of testing the ML model using the DMRS of FIG. 4A. In this example, the ML model trained in training mode, given the DMRS measurements of FIG. 4A as input, outputs channel estimation information that corresponds to the channel estimation information based on all samples of the training DMRS. As such, the test is performed. If this output result (predicted value) falls within a certain error range compared to the channel estimation information (expected value) based on all samples of training DMRS, it is determined that the trained ML model is suitable for practical use. You may complete the test.
なお、本開示において、テストモードは、訓練モードと異なる密度のDMRSに基づいてチャネル推定を行う動作を行うモードに該当してもよい。
Note that in the present disclosure, the test mode may correspond to a mode in which channel estimation is performed based on DMRS with a density different from that in the training mode.
以上説明した第1の実施形態によれば、低密度のDMRS測定結果から、高密度のDMRS測定結果を予測するMLモデルを、好適に生成できる。当該MLモデルを用いたチャネル推定を適用することによって、DMRSのための無線リソース量の低減が可能となり、通信スループットの増大が期待される。
According to the first embodiment described above, it is possible to suitably generate an ML model that predicts high-density DMRS measurement results from low-density DMRS measurement results. By applying channel estimation using the ML model, it is possible to reduce the amount of radio resources for DMRS, and an increase in communication throughput is expected.
<第2の実施形態>
第2の実施形態は、UE/BSにおけるAI支援DMRS推定の実施に関する。 <Second embodiment>
A second embodiment relates to implementing AI-assisted DMRS estimation at the UE/BS.
第2の実施形態は、UE/BSにおけるAI支援DMRS推定の実施に関する。 <Second embodiment>
A second embodiment relates to implementing AI-assisted DMRS estimation at the UE/BS.
図5は、第2の実施形態にかかる、UEにおけるAI支援DMRS推定のためのシーケンスの一例を示す図である。UEは、事前訓練されたMLモデルの情報を、BSから受信する(ステップS101)。なお、もしUEが事前訓練されたMLモデルの情報を既に有する(例えば、予め設定される/記憶している)場合には、ステップS101は省略されてもよい。
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a sequence for AI-assisted DMRS estimation in a UE according to the second embodiment. A UE receives pre-trained ML model information from a BS (step S101). Note that step S101 may be omitted if the UE already has (eg, preconfigured/stored) the information of the pre-trained ML model.
UEは、図3A及び3Bで例示的に述べたように、受信した訓練用DMRS(例えば、PDSCHのためのDMRS)に基づいて、MLモデルの訓練を実施する(ステップS102)。
The UE performs ML model training based on the received training DMRS (eg, DMRS for PDSCH), as exemplarily described in FIGS. 3A and 3B (step S102).
UEは、推奨されるDMRSリソース割り当ての情報(例えば、推奨されるDMRSの密度)を、BSに報告する(ステップS103)。BSは、当該情報に基づいて、UEに、より好ましい(例えば、低密度の)DMRSリソースを設定するための情報を送信してもよい。なお、ステップS103は省略されてもよい。
The UE reports recommended DMRS resource allocation information (for example, recommended DMRS density) to the BS (step S103). Based on this information, the BS may send information to the UE to configure more favorable (eg, less dense) DMRS resources. Note that step S103 may be omitted.
UEは、図4A及び4Bで例示的に述べたように、受信したテスト用DMRSに基づいて、ステップS102において訓練されたMLモデルのテストを実施する(ステップS104)。言い換えると、UEは、ステップS102において用いられる訓練用DMRSとは異なる密度を有するテスト用DMRSに基づいて、チャネルを推定する。
The UE performs a test of the ML model trained in step S102 based on the received test DMRS (step S104), as exemplified in FIGS. 4A and 4B. In other words, the UE estimates the channel based on the test DMRS with a different density than the training DMRS used in step S102.
UEは、ステップS104において、PDSCHのためのテスト用DMRSを用いる推定結果を入力してMLモデルから出力されるチャネル推定情報に基づいて、当該PDSCHを復号してもよい。
In step S104, the UE may input the estimation result using the test DMRS for the PDSCH and decode the PDSCH based on the channel estimation information output from the ML model.
図6は、第2の実施形態にかかる、BSにおけるAI支援DMRS推定のためのシーケンスの一例を示す図である。UEは、MLモデルの訓練のために必要な情報(UE情報と呼ばれてもよい)を、BSに送信する(ステップS111)。
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a sequence for AI-assisted DMRS estimation in a BS according to the second embodiment. The UE transmits information (which may be called UE information) necessary for training the ML model to the BS (step S111).
BSは、ステップS111において送信された情報と、UEから別途送信される訓練用DMRS(例えば、PUSCHのためのDMRS)と、に基づいて、図3A及び3Bで例示的に述べたように、MLモデルの訓練を実施する(ステップS112)。
Based on the information sent in step S111 and the training DMRS sent separately from the UE (eg, DMRS for PUSCH), the BS performs the ML as exemplarily described in FIGS. 3A and 3B. A model is trained (step S112).
BSは、推奨されるDMRSリソース割り当ての情報(例えば、推奨されるDMRSの密度)を、UEに通知する(ステップS113)。当該情報は、訓練用DMRSより好ましい(例えば、低密度の)DMRSリソースを設定/指示するための情報であってもよい。なお、ステップS113は省略されてもよい。
The BS notifies the UE of recommended DMRS resource allocation information (for example, recommended DMRS density) (step S113). The information may be information for configuring/indicating DMRS resources that are preferable (eg, low density) to training DMRS. Note that step S113 may be omitted.
BSは、図4A及び4Bで例示的に述べたように、受信したテスト用DMRSに基づいて、ステップS112において訓練されたMLモデルのテストを実施する(ステップS114)。言い換えると、BSは、ステップS112において用いられる訓練用DMRSとは異なる密度を有するテスト用DMRSに基づいて、チャネルを推定する。
The BS performs a test of the ML model trained in step S112 based on the received test DMRS, as exemplified in FIGS. 4A and 4B (step S114). In other words, the BS estimates the channel based on the test DMRS, which has a different density than the training DMRS used in step S112.
BSは、ステップS114において、PUSCHのためのテスト用DMRSを用いる推定結果を入力してMLモデルから出力されるチャネル推定情報に基づいて、当該PUSCHを復号してもよい。
In step S114, the BS may input the estimation result using the test DMRS for the PUSCH and decode the PUSCH based on the channel estimation information output from the ML model.
以上説明した第2の実施形態によれば、UE/BSにおけるAI支援DMRS推定を、適切に実施できる。
According to the second embodiment described above, AI-assisted DMRS estimation in the UE/BS can be performed appropriately.
<第3の実施形態>
第3の実施形態は、訓練用DMRS及びテスト用DMRSの設定に関する。 <Third Embodiment>
A third embodiment relates to the setting of training DMRSs and test DMRSs.
第3の実施形態は、訓練用DMRS及びテスト用DMRSの設定に関する。 <Third Embodiment>
A third embodiment relates to the setting of training DMRSs and test DMRSs.
[DMRS設定の構成]
UEは、上位レイヤシグナリング(例えば、RRCシグナリング、MAC CE)、物理レイヤシグナリング(例えば、DCI)又はこれらの組み合わせを用いて、DMRS設定の情報を通知されてもよい。 [Configure DMRS settings]
The UE may be informed of the DMRS configuration using higher layer signaling (eg RRC signaling, MAC CE), physical layer signaling (eg DCI) or a combination thereof.
UEは、上位レイヤシグナリング(例えば、RRCシグナリング、MAC CE)、物理レイヤシグナリング(例えば、DCI)又はこれらの組み合わせを用いて、DMRS設定の情報を通知されてもよい。 [Configure DMRS settings]
The UE may be informed of the DMRS configuration using higher layer signaling (eg RRC signaling, MAC CE), physical layer signaling (eg DCI) or a combination thereof.
図7A-7Cは、第3の実施形態にかかるDMRS設定の一例を示す図である。図7Aは、訓練用DMRSの設定(例えば、密度)及びテスト用DMRSの設定(例えば、密度)を含む、DMRS設定(拡張DMRS設定と呼ばれてもよい)を示す。なお、各設定は、1つ又は複数の密度を含んでもよい。
7A-7C are diagrams showing an example of DMRS configuration according to the third embodiment. FIG. 7A shows a DMRS configuration (which may be referred to as an enhanced DMRS configuration), including a training DMRS configuration (eg, density) and a test DMRS configuration (eg, density). Note that each setting may include one or more densities.
図7Bは、訓練用DMRSの設定と、テスト用DMRSの設定と、が別々の設定情報として設定される例を示す。なお、図7Bの変形例として、訓練用DMRSの設定及びテスト用DMRSの設定の一方が設定され、設定された一方から、他方を導出するための情報(例えば、両者の差分の情報)が設定されてもよい(図7C)。
FIG. 7B shows an example in which training DMRS settings and test DMRS settings are set as separate setting information. As a modification of FIG. 7B, one of the training DMRS setting and the test DMRS setting is set, and information for deriving the other from the set one (for example, information on the difference between the two) is set. (Fig. 7C).
図7Cのケースにおいて、導出のルール(例えば、差分、割合、サンプリングパターン、マッピングパターン)は、予め仕様によって定められてもよいし、上位レイヤシグナリング/物理レイヤシグナリングによってUE/BSに通知されてもよい。
In the case of FIG. 7C, the derivation rules (e.g. difference, rate, sampling pattern, mapping pattern) may be pre-specified or signaled to the UE/BS via higher layer/physical layer signaling. good.
訓練用DMRSの密度とテスト用DMRSの密度との差分(オフセット)、又はこれらの一方に対する他方の割合(例えば、訓練用DMRSの密度の1/n(nは整数、小数など)がテスト用DMRSの密度)が予め仕様によって定められてもよいし、上位レイヤシグナリング/物理レイヤシグナリングによって、UE/BSに通知されてもよい。例えば、訓練用DMRSの設定を受信したUEは、テスト用DMRSの設定を受信しない場合に、テスト用DMRSの密度を訓練用DMRSの密度に基づいて決定してもよい。
The difference (offset) between the density of the training DMRS and the density of the test DMRS, or the ratio of one of them to the other (for example, 1/n of the density of the training DMRS (n is an integer, a decimal number, etc.) is the test DMRS density) may be specified in advance or may be notified to the UE/BS by higher layer signaling/physical layer signaling. For example, a UE that has received a training DMRS configuration may determine the test DMRS density based on the training DMRS density if it does not receive a test DMRS configuration.
また、訓練用DMRS及びテスト用DMRSの一方から一部のリソースをサンプリングする(言い換えると、残す)と他方になる、又は一方のリソースから特定のマッピングパターンに従って変換すると他方のリソースになる場合、このサンプリングパターン又はマッピングパターンが予め仕様によって定められてもよいし、上位レイヤシグナリング/物理レイヤシグナリングによってUE/BSに通知されてもよい。これらのパターンについては、後述する。
Also, if some resources are sampled from one of the training DMRS and the test DMRS (in other words, left) to become the other, or if one resource is converted according to a specific mapping pattern to become the other resource, this The sampling pattern or mapping pattern may be pre-specified or signaled to the UE/BS via higher layer/physical layer signaling. These patterns will be described later.
なお、訓練用DMRS/テスト用DMRSの設定は、明示的なDMRS設定なしに、所定のルール(例えば、仕様によって定められたルール)に基づいて決定されてもよい。例えば、訓練用DMRS及びテスト用DMRSの一方の密度が設定されない場合、当該一方の密度とは関係なく(独立に)他方の密度が決定されてもよいし、当該一方の密度に基づいて他方の密度が決定されてもよい。
It should be noted that the training DMRS/test DMRS settings may be determined based on predetermined rules (for example, rules defined by specifications) without explicit DMRS settings. For example, if the density of one of the training DMRS and the test DMRS is not set, the other density may be determined regardless of the one density (independently), or the other density based on the one density A density may be determined.
[UEからのDMRS密度の報告]
UEは、訓練用DMRSの密度及びテスト用DMRSの密度の少なくとも一方(又はこれらとして好ましい密度)を、BSに報告してもよい。この報告される密度は、BSによって設定済みのDMRS密度とは関係ない密度であってもよいし、BSによって設定済みのDMRS密度に基づくDMRS密度であってもよい。 [DMRS density report from UE]
The UE may report the training DMRS density and/or the test DMRS density (or preferred density) to the BS. This reported density may be a density independent of the DMRS density configured by the BS, or a DMRS density based on the DMRS density configured by the BS.
UEは、訓練用DMRSの密度及びテスト用DMRSの密度の少なくとも一方(又はこれらとして好ましい密度)を、BSに報告してもよい。この報告される密度は、BSによって設定済みのDMRS密度とは関係ない密度であってもよいし、BSによって設定済みのDMRS密度に基づくDMRS密度であってもよい。 [DMRS density report from UE]
The UE may report the training DMRS density and/or the test DMRS density (or preferred density) to the BS. This reported density may be a density independent of the DMRS density configured by the BS, or a DMRS density based on the DMRS density configured by the BS.
UEは、テスト用DMRSの密度(又はテスト用DMRSの密度として好ましい密度)を、BSに報告してもよい。この報告される密度は、訓練用DMRSの設定とは関係ない密度であってもよいし、訓練用DMRSの設定に基づくDMRS密度であってもよい。
The UE may report the test DMRS density (or the density preferred as the test DMRS density) to the BS. This reported density may be a density independent of the training DMRS settings or a DMRS density based on the training DMRS settings.
UEからのDMRS密度の報告を受信したBSは、当該報告に基づく密度を有するDMRS又は当該DMRSの設定を、当該UEに対して送信してもよい。
A BS that receives a DMRS density report from a UE may transmit a DMRS having a density based on the report or a configuration of the DMRS to the UE.
[DMRSのサンプリング/マッピングパターン]
上述したサンプリング/マッピングパターンについて例示する。 [DMRS sampling/mapping pattern]
An example is provided for the sampling/mapping pattern described above.
上述したサンプリング/マッピングパターンについて例示する。 [DMRS sampling/mapping pattern]
An example is provided for the sampling/mapping pattern described above.
図8A-8Cは、時間ドメインのサンプリングパターンの一例を示す図である。図8Aが訓練用DMRSの時間リソースの一例を示す。図示される訓練期間(例えば、1スロット)において、4つの離散的なDMRSリソースが示される。
FIGS. 8A-8C are diagrams showing examples of sampling patterns in the time domain. FIG. 8A shows an example of training DMRS time resources. In the illustrated training period (eg, 1 slot), 4 discrete DMRS resources are shown.
DL DMRS(PDSCH DMRS)について、UEは、時間ドメインにおいてX個(Xは整数)ごとの(言い換えると、周期Xで)DMRSリソースをサンプルしてテスト用DMRSリソースとして利用してもよい。UL DMRS(PUSCH DMRS)について、UEは、時間ドメインにおいてX個ごとのDMRSリソースで送信を行い、それ以外のDMRSリソースでは送信を行わない制御を行ってもよい。
For DL DMRS (PDSCH DMRS), the UE may sample every X (where X is an integer) DMRS resources in the time domain (in other words, at period X) and use them as test DMRS resources. For UL DMRS (PUSCH DMRS), the UE may perform control such that transmission is performed on every X DMRS resources in the time domain and transmission is not performed on other DMRS resources.
図8Bの例では、X=2であり、UEは、1、3番目のリソースをテスト用DMRSリソースとして推定に利用してもよい。UEは、2、4番目のリソースはテスト用DMRSリソースとしては利用されない(テスト用DMRS以外の信号(例えばPDSCH)に利用される)と想定してもよい。
In the example of FIG. 8B, X=2, and the UE may use the first and third resources as test DMRS resources for estimation. The UE may assume that the second and fourth resources are not used as test DMRS resources (used for signals other than test DMRS (eg PDSCH)).
また、図8Bの例では、UEは、1、3番目のリソースをテスト用DMRSリソースとして送信してもよい。UEは、2、4番目のリソースではテスト用DMRSリソースを送信しなくてもよい(テスト用DMRS以外の信号(例えばPUSCH)を送信してもよい)。
Also, in the example of FIG. 8B, the UE may transmit the first and third resources as test DMRS resources. The UE may not transmit test DMRS resources in the second and fourth resources (may transmit signals other than test DMRS (eg, PUSCH)).
DL DMRS(PDSCH DMRS)について、UEは、時間ドメインにおいて最初のX個(Xは整数)のDMRSリソースをサンプルしてテスト用DMRSリソースとして利用してもよい。UL DMRS(PUSCH DMRS)について、UEは、時間ドメインにおいて最初のX個のDMRSリソースで送信を行い、それ以外のDMRSリソースでは送信を行わない制御を行ってもよい。
For DL DMRS (PDSCH DMRS), the UE may sample the first X (X is an integer) DMRS resources in the time domain and use them as test DMRS resources. For UL DMRS (PUSCH DMRS), the UE may control transmission on the first X DMRS resources in the time domain and no transmission on other DMRS resources.
なお、本開示において、「最初の」は、「最後の」、「最小の」、「最大の」、「最高の」、「最低の」、「特定の値の」、「i番目の(iは整数、例えば1、2、…)」などと互いに読み替えられてもよい。本開示において、「小さい」及び「大きい」は、互いに読み替えられてもよい。
In the present disclosure, "first" means "last", "minimum", "maximum", "highest", "lowest", "of a specific value", "i-th (i may be interchanged with integers, such as 1, 2, . . . In the present disclosure, "small" and "large" may be read interchangeably.
図8Cの例では、X=2であり、UEは、1、2番目のリソースをテスト用DMRSリソースとして推定に利用してもよいし、テスト用DMRSリソースとして送信に利用してもよい。
In the example of FIG. 8C, X=2, and the UE may use the first and second resources as test DMRS resources for estimation or as test DMRS resources for transmission.
図9A-9Dは、周波数ドメインのサンプリングパターンの一例を示す図である。図9Aが訓練用DMRSの周波数リソースの一例を示す。図9Aでは、12サブキャリア(=1物理リソースブロック(Physical RB(PRB)))全てがDMRSリソースとなっている。
9A-9D are diagrams showing examples of sampling patterns in the frequency domain. FIG. 9A shows an example of frequency resources for training DMRS. In FIG. 9A, all 12 subcarriers (=1 physical resource block (physical RB (PRB))) are DMRS resources.
DL DMRSについて、UEは、周波数ドメインにおいてX個(Xは整数)(例えば、Xサブキャリア)ごとのDMRSリソースをサンプルしてテスト用DMRSリソースとして利用してもよい。UL DMRSについて、UEは、周波数ドメインにおいてX個ごとのDMRSリソースで送信を行い、それ以外のDMRSリソースでは送信を行わない制御を行ってもよい。
For DL DMRS, the UE may sample every X (X is an integer) (eg, X subcarriers) DMRS resources in the frequency domain and use them as test DMRS resources. For UL DMRS, the UE may perform control such that transmission is performed on every X DMRS resources in the frequency domain and transmission is not performed on other DMRS resources.
図9Bの例では、X=4であり、UEは、4、8、12番目のサブキャリアをテスト用DMRSリソースとして推定に利用してもよい。
In the example of FIG. 9B, X=4, and the UE may use the 4th, 8th, and 12th subcarriers as test DMRS resources for estimation.
また、UEは、周波数ドメインの特定の領域(例えば、1PRB)において最小又は最大のX個(Xは整数)のDMRSリソースをサンプルしてテスト用DMRSリソースとして利用してもよい。
Also, the UE may sample X minimum or maximum (X is an integer) DMRS resources in a specific region (eg, 1 PRB) of the frequency domain and use them as test DMRS resources.
図9Cの例では、X=3であり、UEは、最小の1、2、3番目のサブキャリアをテスト用DMRSリソースとして推定に利用してもよい。図9Dの例では、X=3であり、UEは、最大の10、11、12番目のサブキャリアをテスト用DMRSリソースとして推定に利用してもよい。
In the example of FIG. 9C, X=3, and the UE may use the smallest 1st, 2nd, and 3rd subcarriers as test DMRS resources for estimation. In the example of FIG. 9D, X=3 and the UE may use the 10th, 11th and 12th subcarriers as test DMRS resources for estimation.
図10A-10Cは、ポートドメインのサンプリングパターンの一例を示す図である。図10Aが訓練用DMRSのポートの一例を示す。図10Aでは、12サブキャリアについて、ポート#1-#8のDMRSが割り当てられる。
10A-10C are diagrams showing examples of port domain sampling patterns. FIG. 10A shows an example of training DMRS ports. In FIG. 10A, DMRSs of ports #1-#8 are allocated for 12 subcarriers.
DL DMRSについて、UEは、X(Xは整数)ごとのポートインデックスに対応するDMRSリソースをサンプルしてテスト用DMRSリソースとして利用してもよい。UL DMRSについて、UEは、Xごとのポートインデックスに対応するDMRSリソースで送信を行い、それ以外のDMRSリソースでは送信を行わない制御を行ってもよい。
For DL DMRS, the UE may sample DMRS resources corresponding to port indexes for each X (X is an integer) and use them as test DMRS resources. Regarding the UL DMRS, the UE may perform control so that transmission is performed on the DMRS resource corresponding to the port index for each X, and transmission is not performed on other DMRS resources.
図10Bの例では、X=4であり、UEは、DMRSポート#1、#5のDMRSリソースをテスト用DMRSリソースとして推定に利用してもよい。
In the example of FIG. 10B, X=4, and the UE may use the DMRS resources of DMRS ports # 1 and #5 as test DMRS resources for estimation.
また、UEは、最小又は最大のX個(Xは整数)のポートインデックスに対応するDMRSリソースをサンプルしてテスト用DMRSリソースとして利用してもよい。
Also, the UE may sample DMRS resources corresponding to the minimum or maximum X (X is an integer) port indices and use them as test DMRS resources.
図10Cの例では、X=2であり、UEは、最小の2個(ポート#1、#2)のDMRSリソースをテスト用DMRSリソースとして推定に利用してもよい。
In the example of FIG. 10C, X=2, and the UE may use the minimum two (port # 1, #2) DMRS resources as test DMRS resources for estimation.
[DMRSの密度]
既存のRel.15/16の仕様ではPDSCH DMRS/PUSCH DMRSの時間ドメインの密度は、1スロット内に最大4つの非連続なリソースまでであり、周波数ドメインの密度は、1PRB内に最大6つ(タイプ1)又は最大2つ(タイプ2)までであった。 [Density of DMRS]
Existing Rel. In the 15/16 specifications, the time domain density of PDSCH DMRS/PUSCH DMRS is up to 4 non-contiguous resources in one slot, and the frequency domain density is up to 6 (Type 1) in 1 PRB or Up to two (type 2).
既存のRel.15/16の仕様ではPDSCH DMRS/PUSCH DMRSの時間ドメインの密度は、1スロット内に最大4つの非連続なリソースまでであり、周波数ドメインの密度は、1PRB内に最大6つ(タイプ1)又は最大2つ(タイプ2)までであった。 [Density of DMRS]
Existing Rel. In the 15/16 specifications, the time domain density of PDSCH DMRS/PUSCH DMRS is up to 4 non-contiguous resources in one slot, and the frequency domain density is up to 6 (Type 1) in 1 PRB or Up to two (type 2).
本開示において、DMRSの密度は、既存のDMRSから拡張されてもよい(既存のDMRSがカバーできない密度を利用できてもよい)。この密度の拡張は、AI支援DMRS推定が適用される場合にのみ適用されてもよい。
In the present disclosure, the density of DMRS may be expanded from existing DMRS (density that cannot be covered by existing DMRS may be available). This density enhancement may only be applied when AI-assisted DMRS estimation is applied.
図11A及び11Bは、テスト用DMRS及び訓練用DMRSの時間ドメインの密度の一例を示す図である。図11Aは、テスト用DMRSの時間ドメインの密度を示し、1スロット内に1つの非連続なリソースがマップされている。
FIGS. 11A and 11B are diagrams showing an example of time-domain densities of test DMRSs and training DMRSs. FIG. 11A shows the time domain density of the test DMRS, with one non-contiguous resource mapped in one slot.
図11Bは、訓練用DMRSの時間ドメインの密度を示し、1スロット内に5つの非連続なリソースがマップされている。つまり、AI支援DMRS推定が適用される場合には、4以上の追加DMRS位置がサポートされてもよい。
FIG. 11B shows the time-domain density of the training DMRS, with five non-contiguous resources mapped within one slot. That is, 4 or more additional DMRS positions may be supported if AI-assisted DMRS estimation is applied.
図12A-12Cは、訓練用DMRS及びテスト用DMRSの周波数ドメインの密度の一例を示す図である。図12Aは、訓練用DMRSの周波数ドメインの密度を示し、1PRB内の全てのサブキャリアにDMRSがマップされている。
12A-12C are diagrams showing an example of frequency domain densities of training DMRSs and test DMRSs. FIG. 12A shows the frequency domain density of training DMRSs, with DMRSs mapped to all subcarriers within one PRB.
図12Bは、テスト用DMRSの周波数ドメインの密度を示し、1PRB内の4サブキャリアごと(every 4 subcarrier)にDMRSがマップされている。
FIG. 12B shows the frequency domain density of test DMRSs, where DMRSs are mapped for every 4 subcarriers within 1 PRB.
図12Cは、テスト用DMRSの周波数ドメインの密度を示し、3PRBごとにDMRSがマップされている。既存のRel.15/16の仕様では、データを送信するPRBにはDMRSが含まれる必要があったが、図12CではそれよりDMRSの密度が低減されている。
FIG. 12C shows the frequency domain density of test DMRSs, with DMRSs mapped every 3 PRBs. Existing Rel. The 15/16 specifications required that PRBs that transmit data contain DMRSs, but the density of DMRSs is reduced in FIG. 12C.
以上説明した第3の実施形態によれば、訓練用DMRS及びテスト用DMRSを適切に設定できる。
According to the third embodiment described above, the training DMRS and the test DMRS can be set appropriately.
<第4の実施形態>
第4の実施形態は、訓練モードとテストモードとの区別に関する。 <Fourth Embodiment>
A fourth embodiment relates to the distinction between training mode and test mode.
第4の実施形態は、訓練モードとテストモードとの区別に関する。 <Fourth Embodiment>
A fourth embodiment relates to the distinction between training mode and test mode.
UE/BSは、以下の少なくとも1つに基づいてUE/BSがどちらのモードかを判断してもよい:
(4-1)モードに関する情報の、BSに対する報告、
(4-2)モードに関する情報(指示)の、BSからの受信、
(4-3)特定のルール/パターン。 The UE/BS may determine which mode the UE/BS is in based on at least one of the following:
(4-1) Report information about the mode to the BS,
(4-2) Receipt of information (instruction) about the mode from the BS;
(4-3) Specific rules/patterns.
(4-1)モードに関する情報の、BSに対する報告、
(4-2)モードに関する情報(指示)の、BSからの受信、
(4-3)特定のルール/パターン。 The UE/BS may determine which mode the UE/BS is in based on at least one of the following:
(4-1) Report information about the mode to the BS,
(4-2) Receipt of information (instruction) about the mode from the BS;
(4-3) Specific rules/patterns.
上記(4-1)の情報は、物理レイヤシグナリング(例えば、UCI)、上位レイヤシグナリング(例えば、RRCシグナリング、MAC CE)、特定の信号/チャネル、又はこれらの組み合わせを用いて送信されてもよい。
The information in (4-1) above may be transmitted using physical layer signaling (eg, UCI), higher layer signaling (eg, RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals/channels, or a combination thereof. .
上記(4-2)の情報は、物理レイヤシグナリング(例えば、DCI)、上位レイヤシグナリング(例えば、RRCシグナリング、MAC CE)、特定の信号/チャネル、又はこれらの組み合わせを用いて送信されてもよい。
The information in (4-2) above may be transmitted using physical layer signaling (eg, DCI), higher layer signaling (eg, RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals/channels, or a combination thereof. .
上記(4-3)のルール/パターンは、予め仕様によって定められてもよいし、物理レイヤシグナリング(例えば、DCI)、上位レイヤシグナリング(例えば、RRCシグナリング、MAC CE)、特定の信号/チャネル、又はこれらの組み合わせを用いて通知されてもよい。
The rules/patterns of (4-3) above may be defined in advance by specifications, physical layer signaling (eg, DCI), higher layer signaling (eg, RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals/channels, Or you may be notified using these combinations.
上記(4-1)、(4-2)のモードに関する情報は、トリガ情報と呼ばれてもよく、訓練モード又はテストモードを示す情報を含んでもよいし、モード切り替えを示す(又はモードが切り替わった/終わったことを示す)情報を含んでもよいし、特定のモード(例えば、テストモード)を行ってよい旨を示す情報を含んでもよいし、当該トリガ情報の受信後に上記(4-3)の特定のルール/パターンに基づいて動作する旨を示す情報を含んでもよい。
The information on the modes (4-1) and (4-2) above may be called trigger information, may include information indicating training mode or test mode, and may indicate mode switching (or mode switching). may include information indicating that a specific mode (for example, a test mode) may be performed, and after receiving the trigger information, the above (4-3) may include information indicating that it operates according to certain rules/patterns of
なお、モードに関する情報は、訓練/テストが完了するまでのサンプル数(例えば、50、100、200サンプル)を示してもよい。訓練(テスト)モードで動作するUEは、当該サンプル数の送信/受信後、テスト(訓練)モードに移行してもよい。
Note that the information about the mode may indicate the number of samples (eg, 50, 100, 200 samples) until training/testing is completed. A UE operating in training (test) mode may transition to test (training) mode after transmitting/receiving that number of samples.
また、モードに関する情報は、訓練/テストが完了するまでの時間(例えば、スロット数(例えば、5、10スロット)、シンボル数)を示してもよい。例えば、訓練(テスト)モードで動作するUEは、当該時間の経過後、テスト(訓練)モードに移行してもよい。
The information about the mode may also indicate the time to complete training/testing (eg, number of slots (eg, 5, 10 slots), number of symbols). For example, a UE operating in training (test) mode may transition to test (training) mode after the time has elapsed.
図13A及び13Bは、モードの切り替え制御の一例を示す図である。本例では、スロット単位でモードの動作が切り替え可能と想定する。
13A and 13B are diagrams showing an example of mode switching control. In this example, it is assumed that mode operation can be switched on a slot-by-slot basis.
図13Aにおいて、図示される最初の4スロットでは、UEは、訓練モードで動作している。5スロット目において、UEはトリガ情報(例えば、MAC CE)を受信する。当該トリガ情報は、1スロットごとにテストモードと訓練モードとを切り替える動作を指定している。なお、図13Aではトリガ情報を受信した次のスロットからモード切り替え動作をおこなっているが、この動作の開始は、トリガ情報を受信してから一定時間後であってもよいし、当該トリガ情報に対するACKnowledge(ACK)の送信後(又はこの送信後の一定時間後)であってもよい。
In FIG. 13A, in the first four slots shown, the UE is operating in training mode. In the 5th slot, the UE receives trigger information (eg, MAC CE). The trigger information specifies the operation of switching between the test mode and the training mode for each slot. In FIG. 13A, the mode switching operation is performed from the next slot after receiving the trigger information. It may be after transmission of ACKnowledge (ACK) (or after a certain period of time after this transmission).
図13Bでは、トリガ情報がDCIに基づいて通知される。図示される最初の2スロットにおいて訓練モードで動作(例えばPDSCH DMRSのMLモデルの訓練)を行っていたUEは、3スロット目で訓練終了指示を示すDCIを受信すると、次の4スロット目からはテストモードで動作してもよい。
In FIG. 13B, trigger information is notified based on DCI. A UE that has been operating in training mode (for example, PDSCH DMRS ML model training) in the first two slots illustrated receives a DCI indicating a training end instruction in the third slot, and from the next fourth slot It may work in test mode.
以上説明した第4の実施形態によれば、訓練モード及びテストモードのタイミングを適切に制御できる。
According to the fourth embodiment described above, it is possible to appropriately control the timing of the training mode and the test mode.
<第5の実施形態>
第5の実施形態は、MLモデルの情報の送受信に関する。 <Fifth Embodiment>
The fifth embodiment relates to transmission and reception of ML model information.
第5の実施形態は、MLモデルの情報の送受信に関する。 <Fifth Embodiment>
The fifth embodiment relates to transmission and reception of ML model information.
訓練されたMLモデル及び事前訓練されたMLモデル(pre-trained ML model)の少なくとも一方の情報(以下、MLモデル情報、MLモデルレポートなどとも表記する)は、ある主体(UE/BS)から別の主体(BS/UE/別のUE/別のBS)に送信/受信されてもよい。
Information on at least one of a trained ML model and a pre-trained ML model (hereinafter also referred to as ML model information, ML model report, etc.) is sent from a subject (UE/BS) to another subject (BS/UE/another UE/another BS).
UE/BSは、MLモデルを、受信した、訓練された又は事前訓練されたMLモデルの情報に基づいて、訓練/調整/更新(例えば、ファインチューニング)/転移学習してもよい。また、UE/BSは、自身が訓練したMLモデルと、受信したMLモデルと、を組み合わせて実施してもよい(例えば、受信したMLモデルの出力を、自身が訓練したMLモデルの入力に利用してもよい)。
The UE/BS may train/adjust/update (eg, fine-tuning)/transfer-learn the ML model based on received, trained or pre-trained ML model information. The UE/BS may also implement a combination of the ML model it has trained and the received ML model (e.g., use the output of the received ML model as input for the ML model it has trained. may be used).
なお、事前訓練されたMLモデルは、UE/BSの位置(位置情報)、UE/BSにおけるチャネル測定結果などに基づいて、複数のモデルから選択されてもよい。事前訓練されたMLモデルの情報は、UE/BSに予め保持されてもよいし、上位レイヤシグナリングによって設定されてもよい。
Note that the pre-trained ML model may be selected from multiple models based on the location of the UE/BS (location information), channel measurement results at the UE/BS, and the like. The pre-trained ML model information may be pre-stored in the UE/BS or configured by higher layer signaling.
MLモデルの性能情報(性能レポート)がある主体から別の主体に送信/受信されてもよい。当該性能レポートは、MLモデル情報とともに送信されてもよいし、別に送信されてもよい。性能レポートは、あるMLモデルの推定(予測)精度(又は誤差)、当該MLモデルの訓練に用いたサンプル数などの少なくとも1つを含んでもよい。
The performance information (performance report) of the ML model may be sent/received from one subject to another subject. The performance report may be sent together with the ML model information, or may be sent separately. A performance report may include at least one of the estimation (prediction) accuracy (or error) of an ML model, the number of samples used to train the ML model, and/or the like.
図14は、第5の実施形態にかかる情報の送受信の一例を示す図である。本例では、訓練されたMLモデルレポート(性能レポートを伴ってもよい)が、BS-UE1間、BS-UE2間、UE1-UE2間などで互いに送受信されてもよい。各UE/BSは、MLモデルを更新(チューニング)するために、受信した情報を利用してもよい。
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of information transmission/reception according to the fifth embodiment. In this example, trained ML model reports (which may be accompanied by performance reports) may be sent to and received from each other between BS-UE1, BS-UE2, UE1-UE2, and so on. Each UE/BS may utilize the received information to update (tune) the ML model.
MLモデルレポート/性能レポート(以下単にMLモデルレポートとも書く)は、MLモデルの各層において用いられる1つ以上の重み(ウェイト)、ベースとした事前訓練されたMLモデルの情報、特定のMLモデル(参照MLモデルと呼ばれてもよい)の情報、参照MLモデルからの差分(例えば、各重みの差分、中間層の数の差分など)、の少なくとも1つを含んでもよい。ここで、事前訓練されたMLモデル/参照MLモデルの情報は、例えば、複数のMLモデルがインデクシングされる(番号付けされる)場合、1つ以上のMLモデルのインデックスであってもよい。
ML model report / performance report (hereinafter simply referred to as ML model report) contains one or more weights (weights) used in each layer of the ML model, base pre-trained ML model information, a specific ML model ( (which may be referred to as a reference ML model), and differences from the reference ML model (for example, differences in weights, differences in the number of hidden layers, etc.). Here, the pretrained ML model/reference ML model information may be an index of one or more ML models, for example, if multiple ML models are indexed (numbered).
MLモデルレポートが示すMLモデルのパラメータは、所定の粒度(単位)で示されてもよい。MLモデルのパラメータの粒度は、MLモデルについての、入力パラメータ、出力パラメータ、中間層パラメータ(例えば、重み、ハイパーパラメータ(例えば、中間層の数)など)の少なくとも1つであってもよい。
The parameters of the ML model indicated by the ML model report may be indicated with a predetermined granularity (unit). The granularity of the parameters of the ML model may be at least one of input parameters, output parameters, hidden layer parameters (eg, weights, hyperparameters (eg, number of hidden layers), etc.) for the ML model.
なお、MLモデルのパラメータの粒度は、予め仕様によって定められてもよい(特定のルールで決定されてもよい)し、物理レイヤシグナリング(例えば、DCI、UCI)、上位レイヤシグナリング(例えば、RRCシグナリング、MAC CE)、特定の信号/チャネル、又はこれらの組み合わせを用いて、UE/BSに通知されてもよい。通知される粒度は、推奨粒度(recommended granularity)、特定粒度(specified granularity)などと呼ばれてもよい。
Note that the granularity of the parameters of the ML model may be determined in advance by specifications (may be determined by a specific rule), physical layer signaling (eg, DCI, UCI), higher layer signaling (eg, RRC signaling , MAC CE), a specific signal/channel, or a combination thereof, to the UE/BS. The notified granularity may be called recommended granularity, specified granularity, or the like.
MLモデルレポートが示すMLモデルのパラメータは、絶対値及び相対値の少なくとも一方で表されてもよい。また、MLモデルレポートが示すMLモデルのパラメータは、離散値(又はデジタル値)及び連続値(又はアナログ値)の少なくとも一方で表されてもよい。
The parameters of the ML model indicated by the ML model report may be represented by at least one of absolute and relative values. Also, the parameters of the ML model indicated by the ML model report may be represented by at least one of discrete values (or digital values) and continuous values (or analog values).
MLモデルレポートは、物理レイヤシグナリング(例えば、DCI、UCI)、上位レイヤシグナリング(例えば、RRCシグナリング、MAC CE)、特定の信号/チャネル、又はこれらの組み合わせを用いて送信されてもよい。MLモデルレポート/性能レポートは、このMLモデルに関するセル(MLモデルが利用されるセル)と同じセルにおいて送信されてもよいし、異なるセル(例えば、MLモデルが利用されないセル、プライマリセル、特定のセカンダリセルなど)において送信されてもよい。
ML model reports may be sent using physical layer signaling (eg, DCI, UCI), higher layer signaling (eg, RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals/channels, or a combination thereof. The ML model report/performance report may be sent in the same cell as the cell for this ML model (the cell where the ML model is utilized), or in a different cell (e.g., the cell where the ML model is not utilized, the primary cell, a specific secondary cell).
MLモデルレポートは、周期的に/セミパーシステントに/非周期的に送受信されてもよい。MLモデルレポートの送信周期は、上位レイヤシグナリングによってUEに設定されてもよい。UEは、上位レイヤシグナリングによって、MLモデルレポートの周期的な送信/受信を設定されると、MLモデルレポートの周期的な送信/受信を実施してもよい。UEは、DCIによって、MLモデルレポートのセミパーシステントな送信/受信をトリガされると、MLモデルレポートのセミパーシステントな送信/受信を実施してもよい。
The ML model report may be sent and received periodically/semi-persistently/aperiodically. The ML model report transmission period may be configured in the UE by higher layer signaling. The UE may implement periodic transmission/reception of ML model reports when configured by higher layer signaling to periodically transmit/receive ML model reports. The UE may implement semi-persistent transmission/reception of ML model reports when triggered by DCI to semi-persistent transmission/reception of ML model reports.
非周期MLモデルレポートの送受信について、UEは、他のUE/BSによって要求される(又はトリガされる)場合に、MLモデルレポートの送信/受信を実施してもよい。また、UEは、条件を満たす場合に、MLモデルレポートの送信/受信を実施してもよい。当該条件は、仕様によって予め定められてもよいし、他のUE/BSから当該条件に関する情報が上位レイヤシグナリングなどを用いて通知されてもよい。当該条件は、例えば、特定のチャネル/信号の受信品質(例えば、Reference Signal Received Power(RSRP))が閾値未満になったこと、特定のチャネル/信号が再送された(又は復号に失敗した)こと、などの少なくとも1つであってもよい。
For aperiodic ML model report transmission/reception, the UE may implement ML model report transmission/reception when requested (or triggered) by other UE/BS. The UE may also implement ML model report transmission/reception if conditions are met. The conditions may be predetermined according to specifications, or information about the conditions may be notified from other UE/BS using higher layer signaling or the like. The condition is, for example, that the reception quality of a specific channel/signal (for example, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)) has fallen below a threshold, or that a specific channel/signal has been retransmitted (or decoding has failed) , etc., may be at least one.
なお、UEは、当該UEが利用する事前訓練されたMLモデルのBSにおける選択を促すために、当該UEに関する情報(UE情報と呼ばれてもよい)を、当該BSに送信してもよい。UE情報は、UEの位置を特定するための情報であってもよく、例えば、本開示の位置情報は、Global Positioning System(GPS)などの測位システムを用いて得られる情報、当該UEに隣接する(又はサービング中の)基地局の情報(例えば、基地局/セルの識別子(Identifier(ID))、BS-UE間の距離、BSから見たUEの方向など)、当該UEの特定のアドレス(例えば、Internet Protocol(IP)アドレス)などの少なくとも1つを含んでもよい。また、UE情報は、位置決め用の参照信号(例えば、Positioning Reference Signal(PRS)、CSI-RS、SRSなど)を含んでもよい。
Note that the UE may transmit information about the UE (which may be referred to as UE information) to the BS in order to prompt the BS to select a pre-trained ML model to be used by the UE. The UE information may be information for identifying the position of the UE, for example, the position information of the present disclosure is information obtained using a positioning system such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), information adjacent to the UE (or serving) base station information (e.g., base station/cell identifier (ID), distance between BS-UE, direction of UE seen from BS, etc.), specific address of the UE ( For example, at least one such as an Internet Protocol (IP) address) may be included. The UE information may also include reference signals for positioning (eg, Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), CSI-RS, SRS, etc.).
UE情報は、自身の実装に関する情報(例えば、アンテナの位置(location/position)/向き、アンテナパネルの位置/向き、アンテナの数、アンテナパネルの数など)を含んでもよい。
The UE information may include information about its own implementation (eg, antenna location/position, antenna panel position/orientation, number of antennas, number of antenna panels, etc.).
以上説明した第5の実施形態によれば、MLモデルの情報を複数の装置(UE、BS)間で好適に共有できる。
According to the fifth embodiment described above, ML model information can be preferably shared among a plurality of devices (UE, BS).
<第6の実施形態>
第6の実施形態は、MLモデルのための情報の望ましい形式(desired form)の報告に関する。 <Sixth Embodiment>
A sixth embodiment relates to the reporting of desired forms of information for ML models.
第6の実施形態は、MLモデルのための情報の望ましい形式(desired form)の報告に関する。 <Sixth Embodiment>
A sixth embodiment relates to the reporting of desired forms of information for ML models.
UEは、MLモデルの訓練のための情報の望ましい形式(望ましい情報の形式と呼ばれてもよい)を、別の主体(BS/別のUE)に報告してもよいし、別の主体から受信してもよい。望ましい形式は、物理レイヤシグナリング(例えば、DCI、UCI)、上位レイヤシグナリング(例えば、RRCシグナリング、MAC CE)、特定の信号/チャネル、又はこれらの組み合わせを用いて報告されてもよい。
The UE may report the desired form of information for training the ML model (which may be referred to as the desired information form) to or from another entity (BS/another UE) may receive. The preferred format may be reported using physical layer signaling (eg DCI, UCI), higher layer signaling (eg RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals/channels, or a combination thereof.
UEは、MLモデルの入力のための情報(言い換えると、MLモデルのテストのための情報)の望ましい形式を、別の主体(BS/別のUE)に報告してもよいし、別の主体から受信してもよい。
The UE may report the desired form of information for input of the ML model (in other words, information for testing the ML model) to another entity (BS/another UE), or another entity may be received from
なお、望ましい形式は、例えば、MLモデルの訓練/入力のために測定する参照信号(例えば、DMRS、CSI-RS)についての、望ましい密度、望ましい周期(又はオフセット)などの少なくとも1つを意味してもよい。
In addition, the desired format means at least one of, for example, the desired density, the desired period (or offset), etc. for the reference signal (e.g., DMRS, CSI-RS) to be measured for training / input of the ML model. may
例えば、UEは、BSから送信されるDMRSの測定結果に基づいて、MLモデルの訓練のために好ましい(言い換えると、MLモデルの推定精度の向上に寄与しそうな)密度/リソースパターンを算出し、当該好ましい密度/リソースパターンの情報を当該BSに報告して、BSは当該好ましい密度/リソースパターンを用いてDMRSを送信してもよい。
For example, the UE calculates a density / resource pattern that is preferable for training the ML model (in other words, likely to contribute to improving the estimation accuracy of the ML model) based on the DMRS measurement results transmitted from the BS, The information of the preferred density/resource pattern may be reported to the BS, and the BS may transmit DMRS using the preferred density/resource pattern.
第6の実施形態の、望ましい形式の報告は、第5の実施形態のMLモデルレポートについて説明したのと同様に、周期的に/セミパーシステントに/非周期的に送受信されてもよい。
The report of the desired format of the sixth embodiment may be transmitted/received periodically/semi-persistently/aperiodically in the same manner as described for the ML model report of the fifth embodiment.
以上説明した第6の実施形態によれば、MLモデルの精度向上のための参照信号の構成の指定を、適切に実施できる。
According to the sixth embodiment described above, it is possible to appropriately specify the configuration of the reference signal for improving the accuracy of the ML model.
<第7の実施形態>
第7の実施形態は、MLモデルの適用条件に関する。 <Seventh embodiment>
The seventh embodiment relates to application conditions of the ML model.
第7の実施形態は、MLモデルの適用条件に関する。 <Seventh embodiment>
The seventh embodiment relates to application conditions of the ML model.
MLモデルの適用条件は、予め仕様によって定められてもよいし、物理レイヤシグナリング(例えば、DCI、UCI)、上位レイヤシグナリング(例えば、RRCシグナリング、MAC CE)、特定の信号/チャネル、又はこれらの組み合わせを用いて、UE/BSに通知されてもよい。
ML model application conditions may be defined in advance by specifications, physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI, UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals/channels, or these A combination may be used to inform the UE/BS.
MLモデルが適用できない条件下のUEは、MLモデルが適用できる条件を満たすまでは、MLモデルの訓練及びMLモデルを用いた推定を実施できない(例えば、Rel.16までで規定される推定動作を行う)と想定してもよい。
The UE under conditions where the ML model cannot be applied cannot perform training of the ML model and estimation using the ML model until the conditions where the ML model can be applied (for example, the estimation operation defined by Rel.16 It may be assumed that
なお、MLモデルの共有(シェアリング)(言い換えると、あるUEによって訓練されたMLモデルの情報を、他のUEに通知して利用すること)は、UEの位置(例えば、BS-UE間の距離、BSから見たUEの方向など)、UEの実装(例えば、アンテナの位置、アンテナの数など)、訓練後の経過時間などの少なくとも1つに基づいて実施されてもよい。
Note that ML model sharing (sharing) (in other words, the information of the ML model trained by a certain UE, to be used by notifying other UE) is the position of the UE (for example, between BS-UE distance, orientation of the UE with respect to the BS, etc.), implementation of the UE (eg, location of antennas, number of antennas, etc.), elapsed time after training, and/or the like.
以上説明した第7の実施形態によれば、好ましいUE/BSについてのみMLモデルを適切に適用できる。
According to the seventh embodiment described above, the ML model can be appropriately applied only to preferred UEs/BSs.
<その他>
本開示のDMRSは、位置決定参照信号(Positioning Reference Signal(PRS))、位相トラッキング参照信号(Phase Tracking Reference Signal(PTRS))、その他の参照信号で読み替えられてもよい。 <Others>
DMRS in the present disclosure may be read as Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), or other reference signals.
本開示のDMRSは、位置決定参照信号(Positioning Reference Signal(PRS))、位相トラッキング参照信号(Phase Tracking Reference Signal(PTRS))、その他の参照信号で読み替えられてもよい。 <Others>
DMRS in the present disclosure may be read as Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), or other reference signals.
上述の実施形態の少なくとも1つは、特定のUE能力(UE capability)を報告した又は当該特定のUE能力をサポートするUEに対してのみ適用されてもよい。
At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied only to UEs that have reported or support a specific UE capability.
当該特定のUE能力は、以下の少なくとも1つを示してもよい:
・AI支援PHY動作をサポートするか否か、
・AI支援DMRS推定をサポートするか否か、
・MLモデルを訓練できるか否か、
・事前訓練されたMLモデルのための能力を報告できるか否か、
・拡張されたDMRS構成をサポートするか否か、
・特定のサンプリングパターンをサポートするか否か、
・MLモデルの情報の通知をサポートするか否か、
・訓練モード及びテストモードの識別(区別)をサポートするか否か。 The specific UE capabilities may indicate at least one of the following:
- whether to support AI-assisted PHY operation;
whether to support AI-assisted DMRS estimation;
Whether or not the ML model can be trained,
whether it is possible to report capabilities for pre-trained ML models;
whether or not to support extended DMRS configurations;
・whether or not to support a particular sampling pattern;
・whether or not to support notification of ML model information;
• Whether to support identification of training and test modes.
・AI支援PHY動作をサポートするか否か、
・AI支援DMRS推定をサポートするか否か、
・MLモデルを訓練できるか否か、
・事前訓練されたMLモデルのための能力を報告できるか否か、
・拡張されたDMRS構成をサポートするか否か、
・特定のサンプリングパターンをサポートするか否か、
・MLモデルの情報の通知をサポートするか否か、
・訓練モード及びテストモードの識別(区別)をサポートするか否か。 The specific UE capabilities may indicate at least one of the following:
- whether to support AI-assisted PHY operation;
whether to support AI-assisted DMRS estimation;
Whether or not the ML model can be trained,
whether it is possible to report capabilities for pre-trained ML models;
whether or not to support extended DMRS configurations;
・whether or not to support a particular sampling pattern;
・whether or not to support notification of ML model information;
• Whether to support identification of training and test modes.
上記UE能力は、周波数ごとに報告されてもよいし、周波数レンジ(例えば、Frequency Range 1(FR1)、Frequency Range 2(FR2))ごとに報告されてもよいし、サブキャリア間隔(SubCarrier Spacing(SCS))ごとに報告されてもよい。言い換えると、UEは、特定の周波数/FR/SCSに限ってMLモデルに基づく制御を適用してもよい。
The UE capability may be reported for each frequency, may be reported for each frequency range (for example, Frequency Range 1 (FR1), Frequency Range 2 (FR2)), or may be reported for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing ( SCS))). In other words, the UE may apply control based on the ML model only on specific frequencies/FR/SCS.
上記UE能力は、時分割複信(Time Division Duplex(TDD))及び周波数分割複信(Frequency Division Duplex(FDD))に共通に報告されてもよいし、独立に報告されてもよい。
The above UE capabilities may be reported commonly for Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), or may be reported independently.
また、上述の実施形態の少なくとも1つは、UEが上位レイヤシグナリングによって上述の実施形態に関連する特定の情報を設定された場合に適用されてもよい。例えば、当該特定の情報は、MLモデルベース制御を有効化することを示す情報、特定のリリース(例えば、Rel.18)向けの任意のRRCパラメータなどであってもよい。
Also, at least one of the above embodiments may be applied if the UE is configured with specific information related to the above embodiments by higher layer signaling. For example, the specific information may be information indicating to enable ML model-based control, any RRC parameters for a specific release (eg, Rel.18), and the like.
(無線通信システム)
以下、本開示の一実施形態に係る無線通信システムの構成について説明する。この無線通信システムでは、本開示の上記各実施形態に係る無線通信方法のいずれか又はこれらの組み合わせを用いて通信が行われる。 (wireless communication system)
A configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this radio communication system, communication is performed using any one of the radio communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.
以下、本開示の一実施形態に係る無線通信システムの構成について説明する。この無線通信システムでは、本開示の上記各実施形態に係る無線通信方法のいずれか又はこれらの組み合わせを用いて通信が行われる。 (wireless communication system)
A configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this radio communication system, communication is performed using any one of the radio communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.
図15は、一実施形態に係る無線通信システムの概略構成の一例を示す図である。無線通信システム1は、Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)によって仕様化されるLong Term Evolution(LTE)、5th generation mobile communication system New Radio(5G NR)などを用いて通信を実現するシステムであってもよい。
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc. specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). .
また、無線通信システム1は、複数のRadio Access Technology(RAT)間のデュアルコネクティビティ(マルチRATデュアルコネクティビティ(Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity(MR-DC)))をサポートしてもよい。MR-DCは、LTE(Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access(E-UTRA))とNRとのデュアルコネクティビティ(E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity(EN-DC))、NRとLTEとのデュアルコネクティビティ(NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity(NE-DC))などを含んでもよい。
The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC is dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E -UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc. may be included.
EN-DCでは、LTE(E-UTRA)の基地局(eNB)がマスタノード(Master Node(MN))であり、NRの基地局(gNB)がセカンダリノード(Secondary Node(SN))である。NE-DCでは、NRの基地局(gNB)がMNであり、LTE(E-UTRA)の基地局(eNB)がSNである。
In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.
無線通信システム1は、同一のRAT内の複数の基地局間のデュアルコネクティビティ(例えば、MN及びSNの双方がNRの基地局(gNB)であるデュアルコネクティビティ(NR-NR Dual Connectivity(NN-DC)))をサポートしてもよい。
The wireless communication system 1 has dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC) in which both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) )) may be supported.
無線通信システム1は、比較的カバレッジの広いマクロセルC1を形成する基地局11と、マクロセルC1内に配置され、マクロセルC1よりも狭いスモールセルC2を形成する基地局12(12a-12c)と、を備えてもよい。ユーザ端末20は、少なくとも1つのセル内に位置してもよい。各セル及びユーザ端末20の配置、数などは、図に示す態様に限定されない。以下、基地局11及び12を区別しない場合は、基地局10と総称する。
A wireless communication system 1 includes a base station 11 forming a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) arranged in the macrocell C1 and forming a small cell C2 narrower than the macrocell C1. You may prepare. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, etc. of each cell and user terminals 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, the base stations 11 and 12 are collectively referred to as the base station 10 when not distinguished.
ユーザ端末20は、複数の基地局10のうち、少なくとも1つに接続してもよい。ユーザ端末20は、複数のコンポーネントキャリア(Component Carrier(CC))を用いたキャリアアグリゲーション(Carrier Aggregation(CA))及びデュアルコネクティビティ(DC)の少なくとも一方を利用してもよい。
The user terminal 20 may connect to at least one of the multiple base stations 10 . The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using a plurality of component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).
各CCは、第1の周波数帯(Frequency Range 1(FR1))及び第2の周波数帯(Frequency Range 2(FR2))の少なくとも1つに含まれてもよい。マクロセルC1はFR1に含まれてもよいし、スモールセルC2はFR2に含まれてもよい。例えば、FR1は、6GHz以下の周波数帯(サブ6GHz(sub-6GHz))であってもよいし、FR2は、24GHzよりも高い周波数帯(above-24GHz)であってもよい。なお、FR1及びFR2の周波数帯、定義などはこれらに限られず、例えばFR1がFR2よりも高い周波数帯に該当してもよい。
Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). Macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.
また、ユーザ端末20は、各CCにおいて、時分割複信(Time Division Duplex(TDD))及び周波数分割複信(Frequency Division Duplex(FDD))の少なくとも1つを用いて通信を行ってもよい。
Also, the user terminal 20 may communicate using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) in each CC.
複数の基地局10は、有線(例えば、Common Public Radio Interface(CPRI)に準拠した光ファイバ、X2インターフェースなど)又は無線(例えば、NR通信)によって接続されてもよい。例えば、基地局11及び12間においてNR通信がバックホールとして利用される場合、上位局に該当する基地局11はIntegrated Access Backhaul(IAB)ドナー、中継局(リレー)に該当する基地局12はIABノードと呼ばれてもよい。
A plurality of base stations 10 may be connected by wire (for example, an optical fiber conforming to Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 interface, etc.) or wirelessly (for example, NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station is an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) is an IAB Also called a node.
基地局10は、他の基地局10を介して、又は直接コアネットワーク30に接続されてもよい。コアネットワーク30は、例えば、Evolved Packet Core(EPC)、5G Core Network(5GCN)、Next Generation Core(NGC)などの少なくとも1つを含んでもよい。
The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10 . The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.
ユーザ端末20は、LTE、LTE-A、5Gなどの通信方式の少なくとも1つに対応した端末であってもよい。
The user terminal 20 may be a terminal compatible with at least one of communication schemes such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.
無線通信システム1においては、直交周波数分割多重(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM))ベースの無線アクセス方式が利用されてもよい。例えば、下りリンク(Downlink(DL))及び上りリンク(Uplink(UL))の少なくとも一方において、Cyclic Prefix OFDM(CP-OFDM)、Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM(DFT-s-OFDM)、Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access(OFDMA)、Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access(SC-FDMA)などが利用されてもよい。
In the radio communication system 1, a radio access scheme based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) may be used. For example, in at least one of Downlink (DL) and Uplink (UL), Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), etc. may be used.
無線アクセス方式は、波形(waveform)と呼ばれてもよい。なお、無線通信システム1においては、UL及びDLの無線アクセス方式には、他の無線アクセス方式(例えば、他のシングルキャリア伝送方式、他のマルチキャリア伝送方式)が用いられてもよい。
A radio access method may be called a waveform. Note that in the radio communication system 1, other radio access schemes (for example, other single-carrier transmission schemes and other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.
無線通信システム1では、下りリンクチャネルとして、各ユーザ端末20で共有される下り共有チャネル(Physical Downlink Shared Channel(PDSCH))、ブロードキャストチャネル(Physical Broadcast Channel(PBCH))、下り制御チャネル(Physical Downlink Control Channel(PDCCH))などが用いられてもよい。
In the radio communication system 1, as downlink channels, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)) or the like may be used.
また、無線通信システム1では、上りリンクチャネルとして、各ユーザ端末20で共有される上り共有チャネル(Physical Uplink Shared Channel(PUSCH))、上り制御チャネル(Physical Uplink Control Channel(PUCCH))、ランダムアクセスチャネル(Physical Random Access Channel(PRACH))などが用いられてもよい。
In the radio communication system 1, as uplink channels, an uplink shared channel (PUSCH) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (PUCCH), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)) or the like may be used.
PDSCHによって、ユーザデータ、上位レイヤ制御情報、System Information Block(SIB)などが伝送される。PUSCHによって、ユーザデータ、上位レイヤ制御情報などが伝送されてもよい。また、PBCHによって、Master Information Block(MIB)が伝送されてもよい。
User data, upper layer control information, System Information Block (SIB), etc. are transmitted by the PDSCH. User data, higher layer control information, and the like may be transmitted by PUSCH. Also, a Master Information Block (MIB) may be transmitted by the PBCH.
PDCCHによって、下位レイヤ制御情報が伝送されてもよい。下位レイヤ制御情報は、例えば、PDSCH及びPUSCHの少なくとも一方のスケジューリング情報を含む下り制御情報(Downlink Control Information(DCI))を含んでもよい。
Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.
なお、PDSCHをスケジューリングするDCIは、DLアサインメント、DL DCIなどと呼ばれてもよいし、PUSCHをスケジューリングするDCIは、ULグラント、UL DCIなどと呼ばれてもよい。なお、PDSCHはDLデータで読み替えられてもよいし、PUSCHはULデータで読み替えられてもよい。
The DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.
PDCCHの検出には、制御リソースセット(COntrol REsource SET(CORESET))及びサーチスペース(search space)が利用されてもよい。CORESETは、DCIをサーチするリソースに対応する。サーチスペースは、PDCCH候補(PDCCH candidates)のサーチ領域及びサーチ方法に対応する。1つのCORESETは、1つ又は複数のサーチスペースに関連付けられてもよい。UEは、サーチスペース設定に基づいて、あるサーチスペースに関連するCORESETをモニタしてもよい。
A control resource set (CControl Resource SET (CORESET)) and a search space (search space) may be used for PDCCH detection. CORESET corresponds to a resource searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to the search area and search method of PDCCH candidates. A CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor CORESETs associated with certain search spaces based on the search space settings.
1つのサーチスペースは、1つ又は複数のアグリゲーションレベル(aggregation Level)に該当するPDCCH候補に対応してもよい。1つ又は複数のサーチスペースは、サーチスペースセットと呼ばれてもよい。なお、本開示の「サーチスペース」、「サーチスペースセット」、「サーチスペース設定」、「サーチスペースセット設定」、「CORESET」、「CORESET設定」などは、互いに読み替えられてもよい。
One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that "search space", "search space set", "search space setting", "search space set setting", "CORESET", "CORESET setting", etc. in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.
PUCCHによって、チャネル状態情報(Channel State Information(CSI))、送達確認情報(例えば、Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement(HARQ-ACK)、ACK/NACKなどと呼ばれてもよい)及びスケジューリングリクエスト(Scheduling Request(SR))の少なくとも1つを含む上り制御情報(Uplink Control Information(UCI))が伝送されてもよい。PRACHによって、セルとの接続確立のためのランダムアクセスプリアンブルが伝送されてもよい。
By PUCCH, channel state information (CSI), acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK/NACK, etc.) and scheduling request (Scheduling Request ( SR)) may be transmitted. A random access preamble for connection establishment with a cell may be transmitted by the PRACH.
なお、本開示において下りリンク、上りリンクなどは「リンク」を付けずに表現されてもよい。また、各種チャネルの先頭に「物理(Physical)」を付けずに表現されてもよい。
In addition, in the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link". Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the head.
無線通信システム1では、同期信号(Synchronization Signal(SS))、下りリンク参照信号(Downlink Reference Signal(DL-RS))などが伝送されてもよい。無線通信システム1では、DL-RSとして、セル固有参照信号(Cell-specific Reference Signal(CRS))、チャネル状態情報参照信号(Channel State Information Reference Signal(CSI-RS))、復調用参照信号(DeModulation Reference Signal(DMRS))、位置決定参照信号(Positioning Reference Signal(PRS))、位相トラッキング参照信号(Phase Tracking Reference Signal(PTRS))などが伝送されてもよい。
In the wireless communication system 1, synchronization signals (SS), downlink reference signals (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the radio communication system 1, the DL-RS includes a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS)), Positioning Reference Signal (PRS)), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS)), etc. may be transmitted.
同期信号は、例えば、プライマリ同期信号(Primary Synchronization Signal(PSS))及びセカンダリ同期信号(Secondary Synchronization Signal(SSS))の少なくとも1つであってもよい。SS(PSS、SSS)及びPBCH(及びPBCH用のDMRS)を含む信号ブロックは、SS/PBCHブロック、SS Block(SSB)などと呼ばれてもよい。なお、SS、SSBなども、参照信号と呼ばれてもよい。
The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called SS/PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), and so on. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be referred to as reference signals.
また、無線通信システム1では、上りリンク参照信号(Uplink Reference Signal(UL-RS))として、測定用参照信号(Sounding Reference Signal(SRS))、復調用参照信号(DMRS)などが伝送されてもよい。なお、DMRSはユーザ端末固有参照信号(UE-specific Reference Signal)と呼ばれてもよい。
Also, in the radio communication system 1, even if measurement reference signals (SRS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), etc. are transmitted as uplink reference signals (UL-RS), good. Note that DMRS may also be called a user terminal-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).
(基地局)
図16は、一実施形態に係る基地局の構成の一例を示す図である。基地局10は、制御部110、送受信部120、送受信アンテナ130及び伝送路インターフェース(transmission line interface)140を備えている。なお、制御部110、送受信部120及び送受信アンテナ130及び伝送路インターフェース140は、それぞれ1つ以上が備えられてもよい。 (base station)
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. Thebase station 10 comprises a control section 110 , a transmission/reception section 120 , a transmission/reception antenna 130 and a transmission line interface 140 . One or more of each of the control unit 110, the transmitting/receiving unit 120, the transmitting/receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.
図16は、一実施形態に係る基地局の構成の一例を示す図である。基地局10は、制御部110、送受信部120、送受信アンテナ130及び伝送路インターフェース(transmission line interface)140を備えている。なお、制御部110、送受信部120及び送受信アンテナ130及び伝送路インターフェース140は、それぞれ1つ以上が備えられてもよい。 (base station)
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The
なお、本例では、本実施の形態における特徴部分の機能ブロックを主に示しており、基地局10は、無線通信に必要な他の機能ブロックも有すると想定されてもよい。以下で説明する各部の処理の一部は、省略されてもよい。
It should be noted that this example mainly shows the functional blocks that characterize the present embodiment, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. A part of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.
制御部110は、基地局10全体の制御を実施する。制御部110は、本開示に係る技術分野での共通認識に基づいて説明されるコントローラ、制御回路などから構成することができる。
The control unit 110 controls the base station 10 as a whole. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like, which are explained based on common recognition in the technical field according to the present disclosure.
制御部110は、信号の生成、スケジューリング(例えば、リソース割り当て、マッピング)などを制御してもよい。制御部110は、送受信部120、送受信アンテナ130及び伝送路インターフェース140を用いた送受信、測定などを制御してもよい。制御部110は、信号として送信するデータ、制御情報、系列(sequence)などを生成し、送受信部120に転送してもよい。制御部110は、通信チャネルの呼処理(設定、解放など)、基地局10の状態管理、無線リソースの管理などを行ってもよい。
The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (eg, resource allocation, mapping), and the like. The control unit 110 may control transmission/reception, measurement, etc. using the transmission/reception unit 120 , the transmission/reception antenna 130 and the transmission line interface 140 . The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as a signal, control information, a sequence, etc., and transfer them to the transmission/reception unit 120 . The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setup, release, etc.) of communication channels, state management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, and the like.
送受信部120は、ベースバンド(baseband)部121、Radio Frequency(RF)部122、測定部123を含んでもよい。ベースバンド部121は、送信処理部1211及び受信処理部1212を含んでもよい。送受信部120は、本開示に係る技術分野での共通認識に基づいて説明されるトランスミッター/レシーバー、RF回路、ベースバンド回路、フィルタ、位相シフタ(phase shifter)、測定回路、送受信回路などから構成することができる。
The transmitting/receiving section 120 may include a baseband section 121 , a radio frequency (RF) section 122 and a measuring section 123 . The baseband section 121 may include a transmission processing section 1211 and a reception processing section 1212 . The transmitting/receiving unit 120 is configured from a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transmitting/receiving circuit, etc., which are explained based on common recognition in the technical field according to the present disclosure. be able to.
送受信部120は、一体の送受信部として構成されてもよいし、送信部及び受信部から構成されてもよい。当該送信部は、送信処理部1211、RF部122から構成されてもよい。当該受信部は、受信処理部1212、RF部122、測定部123から構成されてもよい。
The transmission/reception unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmission/reception unit, or may be configured from a transmission unit and a reception unit. The transmission section may be composed of the transmission processing section 1211 and the RF section 122 . The receiving section may be composed of a reception processing section 1212 , an RF section 122 and a measurement section 123 .
送受信アンテナ130は、本開示に係る技術分野での共通認識に基づいて説明されるアンテナ、例えばアレイアンテナなどから構成することができる。
The transmitting/receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common recognition in the technical field related to the present disclosure, such as an array antenna.
送受信部120は、上述の下りリンクチャネル、同期信号、下りリンク参照信号などを送信してもよい。送受信部120は、上述の上りリンクチャネル、上りリンク参照信号などを受信してもよい。
The transmitting/receiving unit 120 may transmit the above-described downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, and the like. The transmitting/receiving unit 120 may receive the above-described uplink channel, uplink reference signal, and the like.
送受信部120は、デジタルビームフォーミング(例えば、プリコーディング)、アナログビームフォーミング(例えば、位相回転)などを用いて、送信ビーム及び受信ビームの少なくとも一方を形成してもよい。
The transmitting/receiving unit 120 may form at least one of the transmission beam and the reception beam using digital beamforming (eg, precoding), analog beamforming (eg, phase rotation), or the like.
送受信部120(送信処理部1211)は、例えば制御部110から取得したデータ、制御情報などに対して、Packet Data Convergence Protocol(PDCP)レイヤの処理、Radio Link Control(RLC)レイヤの処理(例えば、RLC再送制御)、Medium Access Control(MAC)レイヤの処理(例えば、HARQ再送制御)などを行い、送信するビット列を生成してもよい。
The transmission/reception unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) performs Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (for example, RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (for example, HARQ retransmission control), etc. may be performed to generate a bit string to be transmitted.
送受信部120(送信処理部1211)は、送信するビット列に対して、チャネル符号化(誤り訂正符号化を含んでもよい)、変調、マッピング、フィルタ処理、離散フーリエ変換(Discrete Fourier Transform(DFT))処理(必要に応じて)、逆高速フーリエ変換(Inverse Fast Fourier Transform(IFFT))処理、プリコーディング、デジタル-アナログ変換などの送信処理を行い、ベースバンド信号を出力してもよい。
The transmission/reception unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) performs channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on the bit string to be transmitted. Processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, transmission processing such as digital-to-analog conversion may be performed, and the baseband signal may be output.
送受信部120(RF部122)は、ベースバンド信号に対して、無線周波数帯への変調、フィルタ処理、増幅などを行い、無線周波数帯の信号を、送受信アンテナ130を介して送信してもよい。
The transmitting/receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filter processing, amplification, and the like on the baseband signal, and may transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transmitting/receiving antenna 130. .
一方、送受信部120(RF部122)は、送受信アンテナ130によって受信された無線周波数帯の信号に対して、増幅、フィルタ処理、ベースバンド信号への復調などを行ってもよい。
On the other hand, the transmitting/receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting/receiving antenna 130.
送受信部120(受信処理部1212)は、取得されたベースバンド信号に対して、アナログ-デジタル変換、高速フーリエ変換(Fast Fourier Transform(FFT))処理、逆離散フーリエ変換(Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform(IDFT))処理(必要に応じて)、フィルタ処理、デマッピング、復調、復号(誤り訂正復号を含んでもよい)、MACレイヤ処理、RLCレイヤの処理及びPDCPレイヤの処理などの受信処理を適用し、ユーザデータなどを取得してもよい。
The transmission/reception unit 120 (reception processing unit 1212) performs analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier transform (FFT) processing, and Inverse Discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) processing on the acquired baseband signal. )) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing and PDCP layer processing. User data and the like may be acquired.
送受信部120(測定部123)は、受信した信号に関する測定を実施してもよい。例えば、測定部123は、受信した信号に基づいて、Radio Resource Management(RRM)測定、Channel State Information(CSI)測定などを行ってもよい。測定部123は、受信電力(例えば、Reference Signal Received Power(RSRP))、受信品質(例えば、Reference Signal Received Quality(RSRQ)、Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio(SINR)、Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR))、信号強度(例えば、Received Signal Strength Indicator(RSSI))、伝搬路情報(例えば、CSI)などについて測定してもよい。測定結果は、制御部110に出力されてもよい。
The transmitting/receiving unit 120 (measuring unit 123) may measure the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurement, Channel State Information (CSI) measurement, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 measures received power (for example, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (for example, Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)) , signal strength (for example, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), channel information (for example, CSI), and the like may be measured. The measurement result may be output to control section 110 .
伝送路インターフェース140は、コアネットワーク30に含まれる装置、他の基地局10などとの間で信号を送受信(バックホールシグナリング)し、ユーザ端末20のためのユーザデータ(ユーザプレーンデータ)、制御プレーンデータなどを取得、伝送などしてもよい。
The transmission path interface 140 transmits and receives signals (backhaul signaling) to and from devices included in the core network 30, other base stations 10, etc., and user data (user plane data) for the user terminal 20, control plane data, and the like. Data and the like may be obtained, transmitted, and the like.
なお、本開示における基地局10の送信部及び受信部は、送受信部120、送受信アンテナ130及び伝送路インターフェース140の少なくとも1つによって構成されてもよい。
Note that the transmitter and receiver of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitter/receiver 120, the transmitter/receiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.
なお、送受信部120は、機械学習モデルの訓練のために、第1の設定に基づく復調用参照信号(例えば、DL DMRS)を送信してもよい。
Note that the transmitting/receiving unit 120 may transmit a demodulation reference signal (for example, DL DMRS) based on the first setting for training the machine learning model.
制御部110は、前記第1の設定に基づいて訓練された機械学習モデルの入力のために、第2の設定に基づく前記復調用参照信号を送信する制御を行ってもよい。
The control unit 110 may perform control to transmit the demodulation reference signal based on the second setting for inputting the machine learning model trained based on the first setting.
また、送受信部120は、復調用参照信号(例えば、UL DMRS)を受信してもよい。
Also, the transmitting/receiving section 120 may receive a demodulation reference signal (eg, UL DMRS).
制御部110は、前記復調用参照信号の第1の設定に基づいて訓練された機械学習モデルを用いて、前記復調用参照信号の第2の設定に基づく予測を行う制御をしてもよい。
The control unit 110 may control prediction based on the second setting of the demodulation reference signal using a machine learning model trained based on the first setting of the demodulation reference signal.
(ユーザ端末)
図17は、一実施形態に係るユーザ端末の構成の一例を示す図である。ユーザ端末20は、制御部210、送受信部220及び送受信アンテナ230を備えている。なお、制御部210、送受信部220及び送受信アンテナ230は、それぞれ1つ以上が備えられてもよい。 (user terminal)
FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment; Theuser terminal 20 includes a control section 210 , a transmission/reception section 220 and a transmission/reception antenna 230 . One or more of each of the control unit 210, the transmitting/receiving unit 220, and the transmitting/receiving antenna 230 may be provided.
図17は、一実施形態に係るユーザ端末の構成の一例を示す図である。ユーザ端末20は、制御部210、送受信部220及び送受信アンテナ230を備えている。なお、制御部210、送受信部220及び送受信アンテナ230は、それぞれ1つ以上が備えられてもよい。 (user terminal)
FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment; The
なお、本例では、本実施の形態における特徴部分の機能ブロックを主に示しており、ユーザ端末20は、無線通信に必要な他の機能ブロックも有すると想定されてもよい。以下で説明する各部の処理の一部は、省略されてもよい。
It should be noted that this example mainly shows the functional blocks of the features of the present embodiment, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. A part of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.
制御部210は、ユーザ端末20全体の制御を実施する。制御部210は、本開示に係る技術分野での共通認識に基づいて説明されるコントローラ、制御回路などから構成することができる。
The control unit 210 controls the user terminal 20 as a whole. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like, which are explained based on common recognition in the technical field according to the present disclosure.
制御部210は、信号の生成、マッピングなどを制御してもよい。制御部210は、送受信部220及び送受信アンテナ230を用いた送受信、測定などを制御してもよい。制御部210は、信号として送信するデータ、制御情報、系列などを生成し、送受信部220に転送してもよい。
The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, and the like. The control unit 210 may control transmission/reception, measurement, etc. using the transmission/reception unit 220 and the transmission/reception antenna 230 . The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transmission/reception unit 220 .
送受信部220は、ベースバンド部221、RF部222、測定部223を含んでもよい。ベースバンド部221は、送信処理部2211、受信処理部2212を含んでもよい。送受信部220は、本開示に係る技術分野での共通認識に基づいて説明されるトランスミッター/レシーバー、RF回路、ベースバンド回路、フィルタ、位相シフタ、測定回路、送受信回路などから構成することができる。
The transmitting/receiving section 220 may include a baseband section 221 , an RF section 222 and a measurement section 223 . The baseband section 221 may include a transmission processing section 2211 and a reception processing section 2212 . The transmitting/receiving unit 220 can be configured from a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transmitting/receiving circuit, etc., which are explained based on common recognition in the technical field according to the present disclosure.
送受信部220は、一体の送受信部として構成されてもよいし、送信部及び受信部から構成されてもよい。当該送信部は、送信処理部2211、RF部222から構成されてもよい。当該受信部は、受信処理部2212、RF部222、測定部223から構成されてもよい。
The transmission/reception unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmission/reception unit, or may be configured from a transmission unit and a reception unit. The transmission section may be composed of a transmission processing section 2211 and an RF section 222 . The receiving section may include a reception processing section 2212 , an RF section 222 and a measurement section 223 .
送受信アンテナ230は、本開示に係る技術分野での共通認識に基づいて説明されるアンテナ、例えばアレイアンテナなどから構成することができる。
The transmitting/receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common recognition in the technical field related to the present disclosure, such as an array antenna.
送受信部220は、上述の下りリンクチャネル、同期信号、下りリンク参照信号などを受信してもよい。送受信部220は、上述の上りリンクチャネル、上りリンク参照信号などを送信してもよい。
The transmitting/receiving unit 220 may receive the above-described downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, and the like. The transmitting/receiving unit 220 may transmit the above-described uplink channel, uplink reference signal, and the like.
送受信部220は、デジタルビームフォーミング(例えば、プリコーディング)、アナログビームフォーミング(例えば、位相回転)などを用いて、送信ビーム及び受信ビームの少なくとも一方を形成してもよい。
The transmitter/receiver 220 may form at least one of the transmission beam and the reception beam using digital beamforming (eg, precoding), analog beamforming (eg, phase rotation), or the like.
送受信部220(送信処理部2211)は、例えば制御部210から取得したデータ、制御情報などに対して、PDCPレイヤの処理、RLCレイヤの処理(例えば、RLC再送制御)、MACレイヤの処理(例えば、HARQ再送制御)などを行い、送信するビット列を生成してもよい。
The transmission/reception unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) performs PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (for example, RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (for example, for data and control information acquired from the control unit 210, for example , HARQ retransmission control), etc., to generate a bit string to be transmitted.
送受信部220(送信処理部2211)は、送信するビット列に対して、チャネル符号化(誤り訂正符号化を含んでもよい)、変調、マッピング、フィルタ処理、DFT処理(必要に応じて)、IFFT処理、プリコーディング、デジタル-アナログ変換などの送信処理を行い、ベースバンド信号を出力してもよい。
The transmitting/receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) performs channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), and IFFT processing on a bit string to be transmitted. , precoding, digital-analog conversion, and other transmission processing may be performed, and the baseband signal may be output.
なお、DFT処理を適用するか否かは、トランスフォームプリコーディングの設定に基づいてもよい。送受信部220(送信処理部2211)は、あるチャネル(例えば、PUSCH)について、トランスフォームプリコーディングが有効(enabled)である場合、当該チャネルをDFT-s-OFDM波形を用いて送信するために上記送信処理としてDFT処理を行ってもよいし、そうでない場合、上記送信処理としてDFT処理を行わなくてもよい。
Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on transform precoding settings. Transmitting/receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211), for a certain channel (for example, PUSCH), if transform precoding is enabled, the above to transmit the channel using the DFT-s-OFDM waveform The DFT process may be performed as the transmission process, or otherwise the DFT process may not be performed as the transmission process.
送受信部220(RF部222)は、ベースバンド信号に対して、無線周波数帯への変調、フィルタ処理、増幅などを行い、無線周波数帯の信号を、送受信アンテナ230を介して送信してもよい。
The transmitting/receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filter processing, amplification, and the like on the baseband signal, and may transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transmitting/receiving antenna 230. .
一方、送受信部220(RF部222)は、送受信アンテナ230によって受信された無線周波数帯の信号に対して、増幅、フィルタ処理、ベースバンド信号への復調などを行ってもよい。
On the other hand, the transmitting/receiving section 220 (RF section 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting/receiving antenna 230.
送受信部220(受信処理部2212)は、取得されたベースバンド信号に対して、アナログ-デジタル変換、FFT処理、IDFT処理(必要に応じて)、フィルタ処理、デマッピング、復調、復号(誤り訂正復号を含んでもよい)、MACレイヤ処理、RLCレイヤの処理及びPDCPレイヤの処理などの受信処理を適用し、ユーザデータなどを取得してもよい。
The transmission/reception unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) performs analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (error correction) on the acquired baseband signal. decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, PDCP layer processing, and other reception processing may be applied to acquire user data and the like.
送受信部220(測定部223)は、受信した信号に関する測定を実施してもよい。例えば、測定部223は、受信した信号に基づいて、RRM測定、CSI測定などを行ってもよい。測定部223は、受信電力(例えば、RSRP)、受信品質(例えば、RSRQ、SINR、SNR)、信号強度(例えば、RSSI)、伝搬路情報(例えば、CSI)などについて測定してもよい。測定結果は、制御部210に出力されてもよい。
The transmitting/receiving section 220 (measuring section 223) may measure the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc. based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may measure received power (eg, RSRP), received quality (eg, RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (eg, RSSI), channel information (eg, CSI), and the like. The measurement result may be output to control section 210 .
なお、本開示におけるユーザ端末20の送信部及び受信部は、送受信部220、送受信アンテナ230及び伝送路インターフェース240の少なくとも1つによって構成されてもよい。
The transmitter and receiver of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitter/receiver 220, the transmitter/receiver antenna 230, and the transmission line interface 240.
なお、送受信部220は、復調用参照信号(例えば、DL DMRS)を受信してもよい。本開示におけるDL DMRSは、PDSCH DMRS、PDCCH DMRS、PBCH DMRSなどの少なくとも1つであってもよい。
Note that the transmitting/receiving section 220 may receive a demodulation reference signal (eg, DL DMRS). DL DMRS in the present disclosure may be at least one of PDSCH DMRS, PDCCH DMRS, PBCH DMRS, and the like.
制御部210は、前記復調用参照信号の第1の設定(例えば、訓練モード用設定)に基づいて訓練された機械学習モデルを用いて、前記復調用参照信号の第2の設定(例えば、テストモード用設定)に基づく予測(推定)を行う制御をしてもよい。
The control unit 210 uses a machine learning model trained based on the first setting of the demodulation reference signal (e.g., training mode setting) to obtain a second setting of the demodulation reference signal (e.g., test mode setting). (mode setting) may be controlled to perform prediction (estimation).
また、送受信部220は、機械学習モデルの(基地局10における)訓練のために、第1の設定に基づく復調用参照信号(例えば、UL DMRS)を送信してもよい。本開示におけるUL DMRSは、PUSCH DMRS、PUCCH DMRSなどの少なくとも1つであってもよい。
Also, the transmitting/receiving unit 220 may transmit a demodulation reference signal (eg, UL DMRS) based on the first setting for training a machine learning model (at the base station 10). UL DMRS in the present disclosure may be at least one of PUSCH DMRS, PUCCH DMRS, and the like.
制御部210は、前記第1の設定(例えば、訓練モード用設定)に基づいて訓練された機械学習モデルの入力のために、第2の設定(例えば、テストモード用設定)に基づく前記復調用参照信号を送信する制御を行ってもよい。
Control unit 210 controls the demodulation mode based on a second setting (eg, test mode settings) for inputting a machine learning model trained based on the first settings (eg, training mode settings). You may perform control which transmits a reference signal.
前記第2の設定の前記復調用参照信号の密度は、前記第1の設定の前記復調用参照信号の密度より低くてもよい。
The density of the demodulation reference signals in the second setting may be lower than the density of the demodulation reference signals in the first setting.
制御部210は、前記第2の設定の前記復調用参照信号のリソースを、前記第1の設定の前記復調用参照信号のリソースをサンプリングして決定してもよい。
The control section 210 may determine the resources of the demodulation reference signals with the second setting by sampling the resources of the demodulation reference signals with the first setting.
(ハードウェア構成)
なお、上記実施形態の説明に用いたブロック図は、機能単位のブロックを示している。これらの機能ブロック(構成部)は、ハードウェア及びソフトウェアの少なくとも一方の任意の組み合わせによって実現される。また、各機能ブロックの実現方法は特に限定されない。すなわち、各機能ブロックは、物理的又は論理的に結合した1つの装置を用いて実現されてもよいし、物理的又は論理的に分離した2つ以上の装置を直接的又は間接的に(例えば、有線、無線などを用いて)接続し、これら複数の装置を用いて実現されてもよい。機能ブロックは、上記1つの装置又は上記複数の装置にソフトウェアを組み合わせて実現されてもよい。 (Hardware configuration)
It should be noted that the block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments show blocks in units of functions. These functional blocks (components) are implemented by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Also, the method of implementing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device physically or logically coupled, or directly or indirectly using two or more physically or logically separated devices (e.g. , wired, wireless, etc.) and may be implemented using these multiple devices. A functional block may be implemented by combining software in the one device or the plurality of devices.
なお、上記実施形態の説明に用いたブロック図は、機能単位のブロックを示している。これらの機能ブロック(構成部)は、ハードウェア及びソフトウェアの少なくとも一方の任意の組み合わせによって実現される。また、各機能ブロックの実現方法は特に限定されない。すなわち、各機能ブロックは、物理的又は論理的に結合した1つの装置を用いて実現されてもよいし、物理的又は論理的に分離した2つ以上の装置を直接的又は間接的に(例えば、有線、無線などを用いて)接続し、これら複数の装置を用いて実現されてもよい。機能ブロックは、上記1つの装置又は上記複数の装置にソフトウェアを組み合わせて実現されてもよい。 (Hardware configuration)
It should be noted that the block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments show blocks in units of functions. These functional blocks (components) are implemented by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Also, the method of implementing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device physically or logically coupled, or directly or indirectly using two or more physically or logically separated devices (e.g. , wired, wireless, etc.) and may be implemented using these multiple devices. A functional block may be implemented by combining software in the one device or the plurality of devices.
ここで、機能には、判断、決定、判定、計算、算出、処理、導出、調査、探索、確認、受信、送信、出力、アクセス、解決、選択、選定、確立、比較、想定、期待、みなし、報知(broadcasting)、通知(notifying)、通信(communicating)、転送(forwarding)、構成(configuring)、再構成(reconfiguring)、割り当て(allocating、mapping)、割り振り(assigning)などがあるが、これらに限られない。例えば、送信を機能させる機能ブロック(構成部)は、送信部(transmitting unit)、送信機(transmitter)などと呼称されてもよい。いずれも、上述したとおり、実現方法は特に限定されない。
where function includes judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deem , broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, assigning, etc. Not limited. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, a transmitter, or the like. In either case, as described above, the implementation method is not particularly limited.
例えば、本開示の一実施形態における基地局、ユーザ端末などは、本開示の無線通信方法の処理を行うコンピュータとして機能してもよい。図18は、一実施形態に係る基地局及びユーザ端末のハードウェア構成の一例を示す図である。上述の基地局10及びユーザ端末20は、物理的には、プロセッサ1001、メモリ1002、ストレージ1003、通信装置1004、入力装置1005、出力装置1006、バス1007などを含むコンピュータ装置として構成されてもよい。
For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. in an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of hardware configurations of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, and the like. .
なお、本開示において、装置、回路、デバイス、部(section)、ユニットなどの文言は、互いに読み替えることができる。基地局10及びユーザ端末20のハードウェア構成は、図に示した各装置を1つ又は複数含むように構成されてもよいし、一部の装置を含まずに構成されてもよい。
In the present disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit can be read interchangeably. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of each device shown in the figure, or may be configured without some devices.
例えば、プロセッサ1001は1つだけ図示されているが、複数のプロセッサがあってもよい。また、処理は、1のプロセッサによって実行されてもよいし、処理が同時に、逐次に、又はその他の手法を用いて、2以上のプロセッサによって実行されてもよい。なお、プロセッサ1001は、1以上のチップによって実装されてもよい。
For example, although only one processor 1001 is illustrated, there may be multiple processors. Also, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors concurrently, serially, or otherwise. Note that processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.
基地局10及びユーザ端末20における各機能は、例えば、プロセッサ1001、メモリ1002などのハードウェア上に所定のソフトウェア(プログラム)を読み込ませることによって、プロセッサ1001が演算を行い、通信装置1004を介する通信を制御したり、メモリ1002及びストレージ1003におけるデータの読み出し及び書き込みの少なくとも一方を制御したりすることによって実現される。
Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20, for example, by loading predetermined software (program) on hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, the processor 1001 performs calculations, communication via the communication device 1004 and at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003 .
プロセッサ1001は、例えば、オペレーティングシステムを動作させてコンピュータ全体を制御する。プロセッサ1001は、周辺装置とのインターフェース、制御装置、演算装置、レジスタなどを含む中央処理装置(Central Processing Unit(CPU))によって構成されてもよい。例えば、上述の制御部110(210)、送受信部120(220)などの少なくとも一部は、プロセッサ1001によって実現されてもよい。
The processor 1001, for example, operates an operating system and controls the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured by a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic device, registers, and the like. For example, at least part of the above-described control unit 110 (210), transmission/reception unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001. FIG.
また、プロセッサ1001は、プログラム(プログラムコード)、ソフトウェアモジュール、データなどを、ストレージ1003及び通信装置1004の少なくとも一方からメモリ1002に読み出し、これらに従って各種の処理を実行する。プログラムとしては、上述の実施形態において説明した動作の少なくとも一部をコンピュータに実行させるプログラムが用いられる。例えば、制御部110(210)は、メモリ1002に格納され、プロセッサ1001において動作する制御プログラムによって実現されてもよく、他の機能ブロックについても同様に実現されてもよい。
Also, the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 to the memory 1002, and executes various processes according to them. As the program, a program that causes a computer to execute at least part of the operations described in the above embodiments is used. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be similarly implemented.
メモリ1002は、コンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体であり、例えば、Read Only Memory(ROM)、Erasable Programmable ROM(EPROM)、Electrically EPROM(EEPROM)、Random Access Memory(RAM)、その他の適切な記憶媒体の少なくとも1つによって構成されてもよい。メモリ1002は、レジスタ、キャッシュ、メインメモリ(主記憶装置)などと呼ばれてもよい。メモリ1002は、本開示の一実施形態に係る無線通信方法を実施するために実行可能なプログラム(プログラムコード)、ソフトウェアモジュールなどを保存することができる。
The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium, such as Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or at least any other suitable storage medium. may be configured by one. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), or the like. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
ストレージ1003は、コンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体であり、例えば、フレキシブルディスク、フロッピー(登録商標)ディスク、光磁気ディスク(例えば、コンパクトディスク(Compact Disc ROM(CD-ROM)など)、デジタル多用途ディスク、Blu-ray(登録商標)ディスク)、リムーバブルディスク、ハードディスクドライブ、スマートカード、フラッシュメモリデバイス(例えば、カード、スティック、キードライブ)、磁気ストライプ、データベース、サーバ、その他の適切な記憶媒体の少なくとも1つによって構成されてもよい。ストレージ1003は、補助記憶装置と呼ばれてもよい。
The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magneto-optical disk (for example, a compact disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM), etc.), a digital versatile disk, Blu-ray disc), removable disc, hard disk drive, smart card, flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key drive), magnetic stripe, database, server, or other suitable storage medium may be configured by Storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.
通信装置1004は、有線ネットワーク及び無線ネットワークの少なくとも一方を介してコンピュータ間の通信を行うためのハードウェア(送受信デバイス)であり、例えばネットワークデバイス、ネットワークコントローラ、ネットワークカード、通信モジュールなどともいう。通信装置1004は、例えば周波数分割複信(Frequency Division Duplex(FDD))及び時分割複信(Time Division Duplex(TDD))の少なくとも一方を実現するために、高周波スイッチ、デュプレクサ、フィルタ、周波数シンセサイザなどを含んで構成されてもよい。例えば、上述の送受信部120(220)、送受信アンテナ130(230)などは、通信装置1004によって実現されてもよい。送受信部120(220)は、送信部120a(220a)と受信部120b(220b)とで、物理的に又は論理的に分離された実装がなされてもよい。
The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting/receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also called a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, or the like. The communication device 1004 includes a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc. in order to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD), for example. may be configured to include For example, the transmitting/receiving unit 120 (220), the transmitting/receiving antenna 130 (230), and the like described above may be realized by the communication device 1004. FIG. The transmitter/receiver 120 (220) may be physically or logically separated into a transmitter 120a (220a) and a receiver 120b (220b).
入力装置1005は、外部からの入力を受け付ける入力デバイス(例えば、キーボード、マウス、マイクロフォン、スイッチ、ボタン、センサなど)である。出力装置1006は、外部への出力を実施する出力デバイス(例えば、ディスプレイ、スピーカー、Light Emitting Diode(LED)ランプなど)である。なお、入力装置1005及び出力装置1006は、一体となった構成(例えば、タッチパネル)であってもよい。
The input device 1005 is an input device (for example, keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (for example, a display, a speaker, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated (for example, a touch panel).
また、プロセッサ1001、メモリ1002などの各装置は、情報を通信するためのバス1007によって接続される。バス1007は、単一のバスを用いて構成されてもよいし、装置間ごとに異なるバスを用いて構成されてもよい。
Each device such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between devices.
また、基地局10及びユーザ端末20は、マイクロプロセッサ、デジタル信号プロセッサ(Digital Signal Processor(DSP))、Application Specific Integrated Circuit(ASIC)、Programmable Logic Device(PLD)、Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)などのハードウェアを含んで構成されてもよく、当該ハードウェアを用いて各機能ブロックの一部又は全てが実現されてもよい。例えば、プロセッサ1001は、これらのハードウェアの少なくとも1つを用いて実装されてもよい。
In addition, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 include a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc. It may be configured including hardware, and a part or all of each functional block may be realized using the hardware. For example, processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.
(変形例)
なお、本開示において説明した用語及び本開示の理解に必要な用語については、同一の又は類似する意味を有する用語と置き換えてもよい。例えば、チャネル、シンボル及び信号(シグナル又はシグナリング)は、互いに読み替えられてもよい。また、信号はメッセージであってもよい。参照信号(reference signal)は、RSと略称することもでき、適用される標準によってパイロット(Pilot)、パイロット信号などと呼ばれてもよい。また、コンポーネントキャリア(Component Carrier(CC))は、セル、周波数キャリア、キャリア周波数などと呼ばれてもよい。 (Modification)
The terms explained in this disclosure and the terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be interchanged. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, a pilot signal, etc. according to an applied standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, a frequency carrier, a carrier frequency, or the like.
なお、本開示において説明した用語及び本開示の理解に必要な用語については、同一の又は類似する意味を有する用語と置き換えてもよい。例えば、チャネル、シンボル及び信号(シグナル又はシグナリング)は、互いに読み替えられてもよい。また、信号はメッセージであってもよい。参照信号(reference signal)は、RSと略称することもでき、適用される標準によってパイロット(Pilot)、パイロット信号などと呼ばれてもよい。また、コンポーネントキャリア(Component Carrier(CC))は、セル、周波数キャリア、キャリア周波数などと呼ばれてもよい。 (Modification)
The terms explained in this disclosure and the terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be interchanged. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, a pilot signal, etc. according to an applied standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, a frequency carrier, a carrier frequency, or the like.
無線フレームは、時間領域において1つ又は複数の期間(フレーム)によって構成されてもよい。無線フレームを構成する当該1つ又は複数の各期間(フレーム)は、サブフレームと呼ばれてもよい。さらに、サブフレームは、時間領域において1つ又は複数のスロットによって構成されてもよい。サブフレームは、ニューメロロジー(numerology)に依存しない固定の時間長(例えば、1ms)であってもよい。
A radio frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) that make up a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may be a fixed time length (eg, 1 ms) independent of numerology.
ここで、ニューメロロジーは、ある信号又はチャネルの送信及び受信の少なくとも一方に適用される通信パラメータであってもよい。ニューメロロジーは、例えば、サブキャリア間隔(SubCarrier Spacing(SCS))、帯域幅、シンボル長、サイクリックプレフィックス長、送信時間間隔(Transmission Time Interval(TTI))、TTIあたりのシンボル数、無線フレーム構成、送受信機が周波数領域において行う特定のフィルタリング処理、送受信機が時間領域において行う特定のウィンドウイング処理などの少なくとも1つを示してもよい。
Here, a numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a certain signal or channel. Numerology, for example, subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration , a particular filtering process performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, a particular windowing process performed by the transceiver in the time domain, and/or the like.
スロットは、時間領域において1つ又は複数のシンボル(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)シンボル、Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access(SC-FDMA)シンボルなど)によって構成されてもよい。また、スロットは、ニューメロロジーに基づく時間単位であってもよい。
A slot may consist of one or more symbols (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol, etc.) in the time domain. A slot may also be a unit of time based on numerology.
スロットは、複数のミニスロットを含んでもよい。各ミニスロットは、時間領域において1つ又は複数のシンボルによって構成されてもよい。また、ミニスロットは、サブスロットと呼ばれてもよい。ミニスロットは、スロットよりも少ない数のシンボルによって構成されてもよい。ミニスロットより大きい時間単位で送信されるPDSCH(又はPUSCH)は、PDSCH(PUSCH)マッピングタイプAと呼ばれてもよい。ミニスロットを用いて送信されるPDSCH(又はPUSCH)は、PDSCH(PUSCH)マッピングタイプBと呼ばれてもよい。
A slot may contain multiple mini-slots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be referred to as a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in time units larger than a minislot may be referred to as PDSCH (PUSCH) Mapping Type A. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be referred to as PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.
無線フレーム、サブフレーム、スロット、ミニスロット及びシンボルは、いずれも信号を伝送する際の時間単位を表す。無線フレーム、サブフレーム、スロット、ミニスロット及びシンボルは、それぞれに対応する別の呼称が用いられてもよい。なお、本開示におけるフレーム、サブフレーム、スロット、ミニスロット、シンボルなどの時間単位は、互いに読み替えられてもよい。
Radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots and symbols all represent time units when transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots and symbols may be referred to by other corresponding designations. Note that time units such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.
例えば、1サブフレームはTTIと呼ばれてもよいし、複数の連続したサブフレームがTTIと呼ばれてよいし、1スロット又は1ミニスロットがTTIと呼ばれてもよい。つまり、サブフレーム及びTTIの少なくとも一方は、既存のLTEにおけるサブフレーム(1ms)であってもよいし、1msより短い期間(例えば、1-13シンボル)であってもよいし、1msより長い期間であってもよい。なお、TTIを表す単位は、サブフレームではなくスロット、ミニスロットなどと呼ばれてもよい。
For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, a plurality of consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (eg, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms may be Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, or the like instead of a subframe.
ここで、TTIは、例えば、無線通信におけるスケジューリングの最小時間単位のことをいう。例えば、LTEシステムでは、基地局が各ユーザ端末に対して、無線リソース(各ユーザ端末において使用することが可能な周波数帯域幅、送信電力など)を、TTI単位で割り当てるスケジューリングを行う。なお、TTIの定義はこれに限られない。
Here, TTI refers to, for example, the minimum scheduling time unit in wireless communication. For example, in the LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (frequency bandwidth, transmission power, etc. that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal on a TTI basis. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.
TTIは、チャネル符号化されたデータパケット(トランスポートブロック)、コードブロック、コードワードなどの送信時間単位であってもよいし、スケジューリング、リンクアダプテーションなどの処理単位となってもよい。なお、TTIが与えられたとき、実際にトランスポートブロック、コードブロック、コードワードなどがマッピングされる時間区間(例えば、シンボル数)は、当該TTIよりも短くてもよい。
A TTI may be a transmission time unit such as a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), code block, or codeword, or may be a processing unit such as scheduling and link adaptation. Note that when a TTI is given, the time interval (for example, the number of symbols) in which transport blocks, code blocks, codewords, etc. are actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.
なお、1スロット又は1ミニスロットがTTIと呼ばれる場合、1以上のTTI(すなわち、1以上のスロット又は1以上のミニスロット)が、スケジューリングの最小時間単位となってもよい。また、当該スケジューリングの最小時間単位を構成するスロット数(ミニスロット数)は制御されてもよい。
When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (that is, one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum scheduling time unit. Also, the number of slots (the number of mini-slots) constituting the minimum time unit of the scheduling may be controlled.
1msの時間長を有するTTIは、通常TTI(3GPP Rel.8-12におけるTTI)、ノーマルTTI、ロングTTI、通常サブフレーム、ノーマルサブフレーム、ロングサブフレーム、スロットなどと呼ばれてもよい。通常TTIより短いTTIは、短縮TTI、ショートTTI、部分TTI(partial又はfractional TTI)、短縮サブフレーム、ショートサブフレーム、ミニスロット、サブスロット、スロットなどと呼ばれてもよい。
A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, or the like. A TTI that is shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial or fractional TTI, a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a minislot, a subslot, a slot, and the like.
なお、ロングTTI(例えば、通常TTI、サブフレームなど)は、1msを超える時間長を有するTTIで読み替えてもよいし、ショートTTI(例えば、短縮TTIなど)は、ロングTTIのTTI長未満かつ1ms以上のTTI長を有するTTIで読み替えてもよい。
Note that the long TTI (e.g., normal TTI, subframe, etc.) may be replaced with a TTI having a time length exceeding 1 ms, and the short TTI (e.g., shortened TTI, etc.) is less than the TTI length of the long TTI and 1 ms A TTI having the above TTI length may be read instead.
リソースブロック(Resource Block(RB))は、時間領域及び周波数領域のリソース割当単位であり、周波数領域において、1つ又は複数個の連続した副搬送波(サブキャリア(subcarrier))を含んでもよい。RBに含まれるサブキャリアの数は、ニューメロロジーに関わらず同じであってもよく、例えば12であってもよい。RBに含まれるサブキャリアの数は、ニューメロロジーに基づいて決定されてもよい。
A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers (subcarriers) in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in the RB may be the same regardless of the neumerology, eg twelve. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on neumerology.
また、RBは、時間領域において、1つ又は複数個のシンボルを含んでもよく、1スロット、1ミニスロット、1サブフレーム又は1TTIの長さであってもよい。1TTI、1サブフレームなどは、それぞれ1つ又は複数のリソースブロックによって構成されてもよい。
Also, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may be 1 slot, 1 minislot, 1 subframe or 1 TTI long. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be configured with one or more resource blocks.
なお、1つ又は複数のRBは、物理リソースブロック(Physical RB(PRB))、サブキャリアグループ(Sub-Carrier Group(SCG))、リソースエレメントグループ(Resource Element Group(REG))、PRBペア、RBペアなどと呼ばれてもよい。
One or more RBs are Physical Resource Block (PRB), Sub-Carrier Group (SCG), Resource Element Group (REG), PRB pair, RB Also called a pair.
また、リソースブロックは、1つ又は複数のリソースエレメント(Resource Element(RE))によって構成されてもよい。例えば、1REは、1サブキャリア及び1シンボルの無線リソース領域であってもよい。
Also, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (Resource Element (RE)). For example, 1 RE may be a radio resource region of 1 subcarrier and 1 symbol.
帯域幅部分(Bandwidth Part(BWP))(部分帯域幅などと呼ばれてもよい)は、あるキャリアにおいて、あるニューメロロジー用の連続する共通RB(common resource blocks)のサブセットのことを表してもよい。ここで、共通RBは、当該キャリアの共通参照ポイントを基準としたRBのインデックスによって特定されてもよい。PRBは、あるBWPで定義され、当該BWP内で番号付けされてもよい。
A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be called a bandwidth part) represents a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a numerology on a carrier. good too. Here, the common RB may be identified by an RB index based on the common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within that BWP.
BWPには、UL BWP(UL用のBWP)と、DL BWP(DL用のBWP)とが含まれてもよい。UEに対して、1キャリア内に1つ又は複数のBWPが設定されてもよい。
BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or multiple BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.
設定されたBWPの少なくとも1つがアクティブであってもよく、UEは、アクティブなBWPの外で所定の信号/チャネルを送受信することを想定しなくてもよい。なお、本開示における「セル」、「キャリア」などは、「BWP」で読み替えられてもよい。
At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal/channel outside the active BWP. Note that "cell", "carrier", etc. in the present disclosure may be read as "BWP".
なお、上述した無線フレーム、サブフレーム、スロット、ミニスロット及びシンボルなどの構造は例示に過ぎない。例えば、無線フレームに含まれるサブフレームの数、サブフレーム又は無線フレームあたりのスロットの数、スロット内に含まれるミニスロットの数、スロット又はミニスロットに含まれるシンボル及びRBの数、RBに含まれるサブキャリアの数、並びにTTI内のシンボル数、シンボル長、サイクリックプレフィックス(Cyclic Prefix(CP))長などの構成は、様々に変更することができる。
It should be noted that the structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots contained within a slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a slot or minislot, the number of Configurations such as the number of subcarriers and the number of symbols in a TTI, symbol length, cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. can be varied.
また、本開示において説明した情報、パラメータなどは、絶対値を用いて表されてもよいし、所定の値からの相対値を用いて表されてもよいし、対応する別の情報を用いて表されてもよい。例えば、無線リソースは、所定のインデックスによって指示されてもよい。
In addition, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. may be represented. For example, radio resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.
本開示においてパラメータなどに使用する名称は、いかなる点においても限定的な名称ではない。さらに、これらのパラメータを使用する数式などは、本開示において明示的に開示したものと異なってもよい。様々なチャネル(PUCCH、PDCCHなど)及び情報要素は、あらゆる好適な名称によって識別できるので、これらの様々なチャネル及び情報要素に割り当てている様々な名称は、いかなる点においても限定的な名称ではない。
The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not restrictive names in any respect. Further, the formulas and the like using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Since the various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable names, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting names in any respect. .
本開示において説明した情報、信号などは、様々な異なる技術のいずれかを使用して表されてもよい。例えば、上記の説明全体に渡って言及され得るデータ、命令、コマンド、情報、信号、ビット、シンボル、チップなどは、電圧、電流、電磁波、磁界若しくは磁性粒子、光場若しくは光子、又はこれらの任意の組み合わせによって表されてもよい。
The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may refer to voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any of these. may be represented by a combination of
また、情報、信号などは、上位レイヤから下位レイヤ及び下位レイヤから上位レイヤの少なくとも一方へ出力され得る。情報、信号などは、複数のネットワークノードを介して入出力されてもよい。
Also, information, signals, etc. can be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and/or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input and output through multiple network nodes.
入出力された情報、信号などは、特定の場所(例えば、メモリ)に保存されてもよいし、管理テーブルを用いて管理してもよい。入出力される情報、信号などは、上書き、更新又は追記をされ得る。出力された情報、信号などは、削除されてもよい。入力された情報、信号などは、他の装置へ送信されてもよい。
Input/output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory), or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated or appended. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to other devices.
情報の通知は、本開示において説明した態様/実施形態に限られず、他の方法を用いて行われてもよい。例えば、本開示における情報の通知は、物理レイヤシグナリング(例えば、下り制御情報(Downlink Control Information(DCI))、上り制御情報(Uplink Control Information(UCI)))、上位レイヤシグナリング(例えば、Radio Resource Control(RRC)シグナリング、ブロードキャスト情報(マスタ情報ブロック(Master Information Block(MIB))、システム情報ブロック(System Information Block(SIB))など)、Medium Access Control(MAC)シグナリング)、その他の信号又はこれらの組み合わせによって実施されてもよい。
Notification of information is not limited to the aspects/embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure includes physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI)), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB), etc.), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or combinations thereof may be performed by
なお、物理レイヤシグナリングは、Layer 1/Layer 2(L1/L2)制御情報(L1/L2制御信号)、L1制御情報(L1制御信号)などと呼ばれてもよい。また、RRCシグナリングは、RRCメッセージと呼ばれてもよく、例えば、RRC接続セットアップ(RRC Connection Setup)メッセージ、RRC接続再構成(RRC Connection Reconfiguration)メッセージなどであってもよい。また、MACシグナリングは、例えば、MAC制御要素(MAC Control Element(CE))を用いて通知されてもよい。
The physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1/Layer 2 (L1/L2) control information (L1/L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), and the like. RRC signaling may also be called an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC connection setup message, an RRC connection reconfiguration message, or the like. Also, MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).
また、所定の情報の通知(例えば、「Xであること」の通知)は、明示的な通知に限られず、暗示的に(例えば、当該所定の情報の通知を行わないことによって又は別の情報の通知によって)行われてもよい。
In addition, notification of predetermined information (for example, notification of “being X”) is not limited to explicit notification, but implicit notification (for example, by not notifying the predetermined information or by providing another information (by notice of
判定は、1ビットで表される値(0か1か)によって行われてもよいし、真(true)又は偽(false)で表される真偽値(boolean)によって行われてもよいし、数値の比較(例えば、所定の値との比較)によって行われてもよい。
The determination may be made by a value (0 or 1) represented by 1 bit, or by a boolean value represented by true or false. , may be performed by numerical comparison (eg, comparison with a predetermined value).
ソフトウェアは、ソフトウェア、ファームウェア、ミドルウェア、マイクロコード、ハードウェア記述言語と呼ばれるか、他の名称で呼ばれるかを問わず、命令、命令セット、コード、コードセグメント、プログラムコード、プログラム、サブプログラム、ソフトウェアモジュール、アプリケーション、ソフトウェアアプリケーション、ソフトウェアパッケージ、ルーチン、サブルーチン、オブジェクト、実行可能ファイル、実行スレッド、手順、機能などを意味するよう広く解釈されるべきである。
Software, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language or otherwise, includes instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, and software modules. , applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, and the like.
また、ソフトウェア、命令、情報などは、伝送媒体を介して送受信されてもよい。例えば、ソフトウェアが、有線技術(同軸ケーブル、光ファイバケーブル、ツイストペア、デジタル加入者回線(Digital Subscriber Line(DSL))など)及び無線技術(赤外線、マイクロ波など)の少なくとも一方を使用してウェブサイト、サーバ、又は他のリモートソースから送信される場合、これらの有線技術及び無線技術の少なくとも一方は、伝送媒体の定義内に含まれる。
In addition, software, instructions, information, etc. may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, the software uses wired technology (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), etc.) and/or wireless technology (infrared, microwave, etc.) , a server, or other remote source, these wired and/or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.
本開示において使用する「システム」及び「ネットワーク」という用語は、互換的に使用され得る。「ネットワーク」は、ネットワークに含まれる装置(例えば、基地局)のことを意味してもよい。
The terms "system" and "network" used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. A “network” may refer to devices (eg, base stations) included in a network.
本開示において、「プリコーディング」、「プリコーダ」、「ウェイト(プリコーディングウェイト)」、「擬似コロケーション(Quasi-Co-Location(QCL))」、「Transmission Configuration Indication state(TCI状態)」、「空間関係(spatial relation)」、「空間ドメインフィルタ(spatial domain filter)」、「送信電力」、「位相回転」、「アンテナポート」、「アンテナポートグル-プ」、「レイヤ」、「レイヤ数」、「ランク」、「リソース」、「リソースセット」、「リソースグループ」、「ビーム」、「ビーム幅」、「ビーム角度」、「アンテナ」、「アンテナ素子」、「パネル」などの用語は、互換的に使用され得る。
In the present disclosure, "precoding", "precoder", "weight (precoding weight)", "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)", "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)", "spatial "spatial relation", "spatial domain filter", "transmission power", "phase rotation", "antenna port", "antenna port group", "layer", "number of layers", Terms such as "rank", "resource", "resource set", "resource group", "beam", "beam width", "beam angle", "antenna", "antenna element", "panel" are interchangeable. can be used as intended.
本開示においては、「基地局(Base Station(BS))」、「無線基地局」、「固定局(fixed station)」、「NodeB」、「eNB(eNodeB)」、「gNB(gNodeB)」、「アクセスポイント(access point)」、「送信ポイント(Transmission Point(TP))」、「受信ポイント(Reception Point(RP))」、「送受信ポイント(Transmission/Reception Point(TRP))」、「パネル」、「セル」、「セクタ」、「セルグループ」、「キャリア」、「コンポーネントキャリア」などの用語は、互換的に使用され得る。基地局は、マクロセル、スモールセル、フェムトセル、ピコセルなどの用語で呼ばれる場合もある。
In the present disclosure, "base station (BS)", "radio base station", "fixed station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "Access point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission/Reception Point (TRP)", "Panel" , “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” “component carrier,” etc. may be used interchangeably. A base station may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, and the like.
基地局は、1つ又は複数(例えば、3つ)のセルを収容することができる。基地局が複数のセルを収容する場合、基地局のカバレッジエリア全体は複数のより小さいエリアに区分でき、各々のより小さいエリアは、基地局サブシステム(例えば、屋内用の小型基地局(Remote Radio Head(RRH)))によって通信サービスを提供することもできる。「セル」又は「セクタ」という用語は、このカバレッジにおいて通信サービスを行う基地局及び基地局サブシステムの少なくとも一方のカバレッジエリアの一部又は全体を指す。
A base station can accommodate one or more (eg, three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area is assigned to a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio)). Head (RRH))) may also provide communication services. The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of at least one of the base stations and base station subsystems that serve communication within such coverage.
本開示においては、「移動局(Mobile Station(MS))」、「ユーザ端末(user terminal)」、「ユーザ装置(User Equipment(UE))」、「端末」などの用語は、互換的に使用され得る。
In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)", "user terminal", "User Equipment (UE)", and "terminal" are used interchangeably. can be
移動局は、加入者局、モバイルユニット、加入者ユニット、ワイヤレスユニット、リモートユニット、モバイルデバイス、ワイヤレスデバイス、ワイヤレス通信デバイス、リモートデバイス、モバイル加入者局、アクセス端末、モバイル端末、ワイヤレス端末、リモート端末、ハンドセット、ユーザエージェント、モバイルクライアント、クライアント又はいくつかの他の適切な用語で呼ばれる場合もある。
Mobile stations include subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals. , a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable term.
基地局及び移動局の少なくとも一方は、送信装置、受信装置、無線通信装置などと呼ばれてもよい。なお、基地局及び移動局の少なくとも一方は、移動体に搭載されたデバイス、移動体自体などであってもよい。当該移動体は、乗り物(例えば、車、飛行機など)であってもよいし、無人で動く移動体(例えば、ドローン、自動運転車など)であってもよいし、ロボット(有人型又は無人型)であってもよい。なお、基地局及び移動局の少なくとも一方は、必ずしも通信動作時に移動しない装置も含む。例えば、基地局及び移動局の少なくとも一方は、センサなどのInternet of Things(IoT)機器であってもよい。
At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, or the like. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, or the like. The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., car, airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., drone, self-driving car, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned ). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station includes devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.
また、本開示における基地局は、ユーザ端末で読み替えてもよい。例えば、基地局及びユーザ端末間の通信を、複数のユーザ端末間の通信(例えば、Device-to-Device(D2D)、Vehicle-to-Everything(V2X)などと呼ばれてもよい)に置き換えた構成について、本開示の各態様/実施形態を適用してもよい。この場合、上述の基地局10が有する機能をユーザ端末20が有する構成としてもよい。また、「上り」、「下り」などの文言は、端末間通信に対応する文言(例えば、「サイド(side)」)で読み替えられてもよい。例えば、上りチャネル、下りチャネルなどは、サイドチャネルで読み替えられてもよい。
Also, the base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), etc.) Regarding the configuration, each aspect/embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied. In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, words such as "up" and "down" may be replaced with words corresponding to inter-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, uplink channels, downlink channels, etc. may be read as side channels.
同様に、本開示におけるユーザ端末は、基地局で読み替えてもよい。この場合、上述のユーザ端末20が有する機能を基地局10が有する構成としてもよい。
Similarly, user terminals in the present disclosure may be read as base stations. In this case, the base station 10 may have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.
本開示において、基地局によって行われるとした動作は、場合によってはその上位ノード(upper node)によって行われることもある。基地局を有する1つ又は複数のネットワークノード(network nodes)を含むネットワークにおいて、端末との通信のために行われる様々な動作は、基地局、基地局以外の1つ以上のネットワークノード(例えば、Mobility Management Entity(MME)、Serving-Gateway(S-GW)などが考えられるが、これらに限られない)又はこれらの組み合わせによって行われ得ることは明らかである。
In the present disclosure, operations that are assumed to be performed by the base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network that includes one or more network nodes with a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may involve the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (e.g., Clearly, this can be done by a Mobility Management Entity (MME), Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc. (but not limited to these) or a combination thereof.
本開示において説明した各態様/実施形態は単独で用いてもよいし、組み合わせて用いてもよいし、実行に伴って切り替えて用いてもよい。また、本開示において説明した各態様/実施形態の処理手順、シーケンス、フローチャートなどは、矛盾の無い限り、順序を入れ替えてもよい。例えば、本開示において説明した方法については、例示的な順序を用いて様々なステップの要素を提示しており、提示した特定の順序に限定されない。
Each aspect/embodiment described in the present disclosure may be used alone, may be used in combination, or may be used by switching along with execution. Also, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect/embodiment described in the present disclosure may be rearranged as long as there is no contradiction. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of the various steps using a sample order, and are not limited to the specific order presented.
本開示において説明した各態様/実施形態は、Long Term Evolution(LTE)、LTE-Advanced(LTE-A)、LTE-Beyond(LTE-B)、SUPER 3G、IMT-Advanced、4th generation mobile communication system(4G)、5th generation mobile communication system(5G)、6th generation mobile communication system(6G)、xth generation mobile communication system(xG)(xG(xは、例えば整数、小数))、Future Radio Access(FRA)、New-Radio Access Technology(RAT)、New Radio(NR)、New radio access(NX)、Future generation radio access(FX)、Global System for Mobile communications(GSM(登録商標))、CDMA2000、Ultra Mobile Broadband(UMB)、IEEE 802.11(Wi-Fi(登録商標))、IEEE 802.16(WiMAX(登録商標))、IEEE 802.20、Ultra-WideBand(UWB)、Bluetooth(登録商標)、その他の適切な無線通信方法を利用するシステム、これらに基づいて拡張された次世代システムなどに適用されてもよい。また、複数のシステムが組み合わされて(例えば、LTE又はLTE-Aと、5Gとの組み合わせなど)適用されてもよい。
Each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure includes Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system ( 4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New - Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other suitable wireless It may be applied to systems using communication methods, next-generation systems extended based on these, and the like. Also, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).
本開示において使用する「に基づいて」という記載は、別段に明記されていない限り、「のみに基づいて」を意味しない。言い換えれば、「に基づいて」という記載は、「のみに基づいて」と「に少なくとも基づいて」の両方を意味する。
The term "based on" as used in this disclosure does not mean "based only on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."
本開示において使用する「第1の」、「第2の」などの呼称を使用した要素へのいかなる参照も、それらの要素の量又は順序を全般的に限定しない。これらの呼称は、2つ以上の要素間を区別する便利な方法として本開示において使用され得る。したがって、第1及び第2の要素の参照は、2つの要素のみが採用され得ること又は何らかの形で第1の要素が第2の要素に先行しなければならないことを意味しない。
Any reference to elements using the "first," "second," etc. designations used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, references to first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.
本開示において使用する「判断(決定)(determining)」という用語は、多種多様な動作を包含する場合がある。例えば、「判断(決定)」は、判定(judging)、計算(calculating)、算出(computing)、処理(processing)、導出(deriving)、調査(investigating)、探索(looking up、search、inquiry)(例えば、テーブル、データベース又は別のデータ構造での探索)、確認(ascertaining)などを「判断(決定)」することであるとみなされてもよい。
The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determination" includes judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiry ( For example, looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc. may be considered to be "determining."
また、「判断(決定)」は、受信(receiving)(例えば、情報を受信すること)、送信(transmitting)(例えば、情報を送信すること)、入力(input)、出力(output)、アクセス(accessing)(例えば、メモリ中のデータにアクセスすること)などを「判断(決定)」することであるとみなされてもよい。
Also, "determining (deciding)" includes receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., transmitting information), input, output, access ( accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.
また、「判断(決定)」は、解決(resolving)、選択(selecting)、選定(choosing)、確立(establishing)、比較(comparing)などを「判断(決定)」することであるとみなされてもよい。つまり、「判断(決定)」は、何らかの動作を「判断(決定)」することであるとみなされてもよい。
Also, "determining" is considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. good too. That is, "determining (determining)" may be regarded as "determining (determining)" some action.
また、「判断(決定)」は、「想定する(assuming)」、「期待する(expecting)」、「みなす(considering)」などで読み替えられてもよい。
Also, "judgment (decision)" may be read as "assuming", "expecting", or "considering".
本開示に記載の「最大送信電力」は送信電力の最大値を意味してもよいし、公称最大送信電力(the nominal UE maximum transmit power)を意味してもよいし、定格最大送信電力(the rated UE maximum transmit power)を意味してもよい。
"Maximum transmit power" described in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, may mean the nominal maximum transmit power (the nominal UE maximum transmit power), or may mean the rated maximum transmit power (the rated UE maximum transmit power).
本開示において使用する「接続された(connected)」、「結合された(coupled)」という用語、又はこれらのあらゆる変形は、2又はそれ以上の要素間の直接的又は間接的なあらゆる接続又は結合を意味し、互いに「接続」又は「結合」された2つの要素間に1又はそれ以上の中間要素が存在することを含むことができる。要素間の結合又は接続は、物理的であっても、論理的であっても、あるいはこれらの組み合わせであってもよい。例えば、「接続」は「アクセス」で読み替えられてもよい。
The terms “connected”, “coupled”, or any variation thereof, as used in this disclosure, refer to any connection or coupling, direct or indirect, between two or more elements. and can include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. Couplings or connections between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connection" may be read as "access".
本開示において、2つの要素が接続される場合、1つ以上の電線、ケーブル、プリント電気接続などを用いて、並びにいくつかの非限定的かつ非包括的な例として、無線周波数領域、マイクロ波領域、光(可視及び不可視の両方)領域の波長を有する電磁エネルギーなどを用いて、互いに「接続」又は「結合」されると考えることができる。
In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples, radio frequency domain, microwave They can be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” together using the domain, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the optical (both visible and invisible) domain, and the like.
本開示において、「AとBが異なる」という用語は、「AとBが互いに異なる」ことを意味してもよい。なお、当該用語は、「AとBがそれぞれCと異なる」ことを意味してもよい。「離れる」、「結合される」などの用語も、「異なる」と同様に解釈されてもよい。
In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean that "A and B are different from C". Terms such as "separate," "coupled," etc. may also be interpreted in the same manner as "different."
本開示において、「含む(include)」、「含んでいる(including)」及びこれらの変形が使用されている場合、これらの用語は、用語「備える(comprising)」と同様に、包括的であることが意図される。さらに、本開示において使用されている用語「又は(or)」は、排他的論理和ではないことが意図される。
Where "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are inclusive, as is the term "comprising." is intended. Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure is not intended to be an exclusive OR.
本開示において、例えば、英語でのa, an及びtheのように、翻訳によって冠詞が追加された場合、本開示は、これらの冠詞の後に続く名詞が複数形であることを含んでもよい。
In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are plural.
以上、本開示に係る発明について詳細に説明したが、当業者にとっては、本開示に係る発明が本開示中に説明した実施形態に限定されないということは明らかである。本開示に係る発明は、請求の範囲の記載に基づいて定まる発明の趣旨及び範囲を逸脱することなく修正及び変更態様として実施することができる。したがって、本開示の記載は、例示説明を目的とし、本開示に係る発明に対して何ら制限的な意味をもたらさない。
Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The invention according to the present disclosure can be implemented as modifications and changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention determined based on the description of the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes and does not impose any limitation on the invention according to the present disclosure.
Claims (5)
- 復調用参照信号を受信する受信部と、
前記復調用参照信号の第1の設定に基づいて訓練された機械学習モデルを用いて、前記復調用参照信号の第2の設定に基づく予測を行う制御をする制御部と、を有する端末。 a receiver that receives a demodulation reference signal;
a control unit that controls prediction based on a second setting of the demodulation reference signal using a machine learning model trained based on the first setting of the demodulation reference signal. - 前記第2の設定の前記復調用参照信号の密度は、前記第1の設定の前記復調用参照信号の密度より低い請求項1に記載の端末。 The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the density of the demodulation reference signals in the second setting is lower than the density of the demodulation reference signals in the first setting.
- 前記制御部は、前記第2の設定の前記復調用参照信号のリソースを、前記第1の設定の前記復調用参照信号のリソースをサンプリングして決定する請求項1又は請求項2に記載の端末。 3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines the demodulation reference signal resource of the second configuration by sampling the demodulation reference signal resource of the first configuration. .
- 復調用参照信号を受信するステップと、
前記復調用参照信号の第1の設定に基づいて訓練された機械学習モデルを用いて、前記復調用参照信号の第2の設定に基づく予測を行う制御をするステップと、を有する端末の無線通信方法。 receiving a reference signal for demodulation;
and controlling prediction based on a second setting of the demodulation reference signal using a machine learning model trained based on the first setting of the demodulation reference signal. Method. - 機械学習モデルの訓練のために、第1の設定に基づく復調用参照信号を送信する送信部と、
前記第1の設定に基づいて訓練された機械学習モデルの入力のために、第2の設定に基づく前記復調用参照信号を送信する制御を行う制御部と、を有する基地局。 a transmitter that transmits a demodulation reference signal based on a first setting for training a machine learning model;
a control unit that controls transmission of the demodulation reference signal based on the second setting for input of a machine learning model trained based on the first setting.
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