WO2022188400A1 - 一种圆柱形锂离子电池及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种圆柱形锂离子电池及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022188400A1
WO2022188400A1 PCT/CN2021/122302 CN2021122302W WO2022188400A1 WO 2022188400 A1 WO2022188400 A1 WO 2022188400A1 CN 2021122302 W CN2021122302 W CN 2021122302W WO 2022188400 A1 WO2022188400 A1 WO 2022188400A1
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Prior art keywords
current collector
collector region
negative electrode
insulating sheet
positive
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PCT/CN2021/122302
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张章明
张胜辉
黄明
陈德军
张波
Original Assignee
横店集团东磁股份有限公司
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202120524746.8U external-priority patent/CN214254507U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202110269090.4A external-priority patent/CN112820950A/zh
Application filed by 横店集团东磁股份有限公司 filed Critical 横店集团东磁股份有限公司
Priority to EP21926049.4A priority Critical patent/EP4095973A1/en
Publication of WO2022188400A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022188400A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/559—Terminals adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round, elliptic or button cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, for example, to a cylindrical lithium ion battery and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • lithium-ion batteries are more and more widely used in the field of small household appliances and intelligent equipment, and 18650 and 2170 cylindrical lithium-ion batteries are two relatively mature products at present. , and the uniform size is convenient for production, which is very suitable for large-scale batch applications.
  • the present application proposes a cylindrical lithium ion battery and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • the cylindrical lithium ion battery and its manufacturing method reduce the risk of short circuit of positive and negative electrodes, reduce the risk of failure, and ensure the safe use of the battery.
  • a cylindrical lithium-ion battery comprising:
  • a positive electrode piece including a first positive electrode current collector region located at both ends of the positive electrode electrode piece, a second positive electrode current collector region and a third positive electrode current collector region located in the middle of the positive electrode electrode piece;
  • a positive electrode tab arranged on the third positive current collector area
  • a negative electrode pole piece including a first negative electrode current collector area and a second negative electrode current collector area located at both ends of the negative electrode pole piece;
  • a negative electrode tab, the first negative electrode current collector area and the second negative electrode current collector area are both provided with the negative electrode tab;
  • Insulating sheet, the front and back sides of the first positive electrode current collector area, the second positive current collector area and the third positive current collector area are completely covered with the insulating sheet, and the positive electrode tabs are located in the between the insulating sheet and the third positive current collector area; both sides or one side of the first negative current collector area and the second negative current collector area are covered with the insulating sheet, and the negative electrode ears are located between the insulating sheet and the first negative current collector region and between the insulating sheet and the second negative current collector region;
  • the initial winding end of the positive pole piece and the initial winding end of the negative pole piece are located at different positions of the separator along the winding direction.
  • the present application also provides a method for manufacturing a cylindrical lithium ion battery for manufacturing the above cylindrical lithium ion battery.
  • the manufacturing method for the cylindrical lithium ion battery includes:
  • the positive electrode slurry is coated on the positive electrode current collector to form a positive electrode paint area, and two sections of exposed foil area are reserved in the middle, and one section is the combination of the first positive electrode current collector area and the second positive electrode current collector area, The other section is the third positive current collector area, and then drying, rolling, and cutting to obtain pre-processed positive pole pieces;
  • the positive electrode tab is connected to the third positive electrode current collector area, the size of the positive electrode tab along the winding direction is smaller than the size of the third positive electrode current collector area along the winding direction, and the third positive electrode current collector area is connected.
  • the front and back sides of the positive electrode current collector area are completely covered with the insulating sheet;
  • the negative electrode tabs are provided on both the first negative electrode current collector area and the second negative electrode current collector area, the insulating sheet is completely covered above the negative electrode tabs, and the first negative electrode current collector Between the insulating sheet on the area and the insulating sheet on the second negative electrode current collector area, a section of exposed foil area not covering the insulating sheet is included for cutting;
  • the positive pole piece before the winding and the negative pole piece before the winding are wound, and the initial winding end of the positive pole piece and the initial winding end of the negative pole piece are located along the winding direction.
  • the insulating sheet at the initial winding end of the negative pole piece is located on the inner side of the winding, and the head of the insulating sheet at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece It falls on the insulating sheet at the initial winding end of the negative pole piece, and the crossing distance is d, and the tail of the insulating sheet at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece is longer than the negative pole piece along the winding direction.
  • the distance from the tail of the insulating sheet at the initial winding end is c, and finally a winding core is formed;
  • the cylindrical lithium-ion battery is activated.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a positive electrode piece, a positive electrode tab and an insulating sheet provided by a specific embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a negative pole piece, a negative pole tab and an insulating sheet provided by a specific embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a winding core provided by a specific embodiment of the present application.
  • Negative pole piece 31. The first negative current collector area; 32. The second negative current collector area;
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • connection may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated ; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • a first feature "on” or “under” a second feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, or may include the first and second features Not directly but through additional features between them.
  • the first feature being “above”, “over” and “above” the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature is “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
  • this embodiment provides a cylindrical lithium ion battery
  • the cylindrical lithium ion battery includes a positive pole piece 1 , a positive pole tab 2 , a negative pole piece 3 , a negative pole tab 4 , an insulating Sheet 5 and separator
  • the positive electrode sheet 1 includes a first positive current collector area 11, a second positive current collector area 12 and a third positive current collector area 13 located in the middle of the positive electrode sheet 1
  • the positive electrode tab 2 is arranged on the third positive current collector area 13
  • the negative electrode pole piece 3 includes a first negative electrode current collector area 31 and a second negative electrode current collector area 32 located at both ends of the negative electrode pole piece 3
  • the negative electrode tabs 4 are provided on the second negative electrode collector region 32; the front and back sides of the first positive electrode current collector region 11, the second positive current collector region 12 and the third positive current collector region 13 are completely covered with insulating sheets.
  • the positive electrode tab 2 is located between the insulating sheet 5 and the third positive current collector region 13; both sides or one side of the first negative electrode current collector region 31 and the second negative current collector region 32 are covered with the insulating sheet 5, and
  • the negative electrode tab 4 is located between the insulating sheet 5 and the first negative current collector area 31 and between the insulating sheet 5 and the second negative current collector area 32; the initial winding end of the positive electrode sheet 1 and the initial winding of the negative electrode sheet 3 The winding ends are located at different positions of the membrane along the winding direction.
  • the separator is pre-rolled to form a separator roll located in the middle of the cylindrical lithium ion battery, and the initial winding end of the positive electrode sheet 1 and the initial winding end of the negative electrode sheet 3 are located at different positions of the separator roll along the winding direction. superior.
  • the isolation of the insulating sheet 5 can prevent the positive and negative electrodes from contacting and cause a short circuit of the positive and negative electrodes, thereby reducing the risk of failure and ensuring the safe use of the battery.
  • the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 and the initial winding end of the negative pole piece 3 are wound from different positions of the separator, so as to avoid the contact between the ends of the positive current collector and the negative current collector at the initial winding end.
  • the separator at the winding end is usually wound into a cylindrical shape and has a thick thickness. Therefore, it can basically prevent the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 and the initial winding of the negative pole piece 3 due to burrs during the cycle process. The problem of terminal short circuit and failure.
  • the front and back sides of the first positive electrode current collector region 11 , the second positive electrode current collector region 12 and the third positive electrode current collector region 13 are completely covered with the insulating sheet 5 , which means that the insulating sheet 5 is covered on the first positive electrode current collector.
  • the length and width of the insulating sheet 5 in the area 11 are both greater than the length and width of the first positive current collector area 11; the length and width of the insulating sheet 5 covering the second positive current collector area 12 are both greater than the second positive current collector area 12
  • the length and width of the insulating sheet 5 covering the third positive electrode current collector region 13 are both greater than the length and width of the third positive electrode current collector region 13 .
  • the fact that the negative electrode tabs 4 are located between the insulating sheet 5 and the first negative current collector area 31 and between the insulating sheet 5 and the second negative current collector area 32 means that the length and width of the insulating sheet 5 are greater than The length and width of the negative tab 4 on the first negative current collector area 31 and the length and width of the negative tab 4 on the second negative current collector area 32 to completely cover the first negative current collector area 31 and the second negative electrode Negative tab 4 on current collector region 32 .
  • the size of the first cathode current collector region 11 along the winding direction is 12 mm to 35 mm
  • the size of the second cathode current collector region 12 along the winding direction is 1 mm to 11 mm
  • the third cathode current collector region 13 is along the winding direction.
  • the dimension of the direction is 8 mm to 15 mm.
  • the positive electrode tabs 2 are aluminum strips.
  • the width of the positive electrode tab 2 is 0.1 mm ⁇ 0.15 mm, and the thickness of the positive electrode tab 2 is 0.07 mm ⁇ 0.15 mm.
  • the width of the negative electrode tab 4 connected to the first negative electrode current collector region 31 is 2 mm to 5 mm and the length is 10 mm to 60 mm; the negative electrode connected to the second negative electrode current collector region 32
  • the width of the tab 4 is 2 mm to 6 mm, and the length is 10 mm to 60 mm.
  • the material of the insulating sheet 5 is polyethylene terephthalate (Polyethylene terephthalate, PET) or polyimide (Polyimide, PI).
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PI polyimide
  • the insulating sheet 5 made of PET or PI can withstand higher temperatures, so as to ensure the safe use of the battery.
  • the size of the first negative electrode current collector region 31 along the winding direction is 3 mm ⁇ 11 mm.
  • the size of the insulating sheet 5 covered on the first negative electrode current collector region 31 along the winding direction is 4 mm ⁇ 20 mm.
  • the overlapping dimension of the insulating sheet 5 and the coating area of the positive pole piece 1 along the winding direction is 1 mm to 3 mm; the overlapping dimension of the insulating sheet 5 and the coating area of the negative pole piece 3 along the winding direction is 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a cylindrical lithium ion battery, and the manufacturing method for the cylindrical lithium ion battery includes:
  • Step S1 as shown in Figure 1, coat the ternary positive electrode slurry or the lithium iron phosphate slurry on the positive electrode current collector to form a positive electrode coating area, and reserve two sections of exposed foil area in the middle, and one section is the first positive electrode collector.
  • the combination of the fluid region 11 and the second positive electrode current collector region 12, and the other section is the third positive electrode current collector region 13, which is then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain pre-processed positive electrode pieces; the first positive electrode current collector
  • the length of the combined body of the region 11 and the second positive electrode current collector region 12 is 15 mm to 46 mm
  • the length of the third positive current collector region 13 is 8 mm to 15 mm.
  • the length of the combination of the first cathode current collector region 11 and the second cathode current collector region 12 is 15 mm
  • the length of the third cathode current collector region 13 is 15 mm.
  • Step S2 place the positive electrode tab 2 with a thickness of 0.1 mm, a length of 60 mm, and a width of 3.75 mm on the bonding position of the third positive current collector area 13, and use a riveting head to connect the third positive current collector area 13 to the positive electrode.
  • the tab 2 is welded, and the welding method used is ultrasonic welding or resistance welding; the size of the positive electrode tab 2 along the winding direction is smaller than the size of the third positive current collector region 13 along the winding direction, and the width and length of the insulating sheet 5 are greater than The width and length of the third positive electrode current collector region 13; the material of the insulating sheet 5 is PI material; the reverse side of the third positive electrode current collector region 13 welded to the positive electrode tab 2 also needs to be covered with the insulating sheet 5, that is, the third positive electrode current collector region The front and back sides of the 13 are completely covered with the insulating sheet 5 .
  • step S3 the front and back sides of the combination of the first positive electrode current collector region 11 and the second positive electrode current collector region 12 are completely covered with the insulating sheet 5, and the overlapping size of the insulating sheet 5 and the positive electrode paint region along the winding direction is 1 mm ⁇ 3mm; the material of the insulating sheet 5 is PET material or PI material, and the length along the winding direction is 17mm.
  • the material of the insulating sheet 5 can be selected as PET.
  • step S4 the combination of the first positive electrode current collector region 11 and the second positive electrode current collector region 12 is cut off to form the first positive electrode current collector region 11 and the second positive electrode current collector region 12 to obtain the positive electrode plate before winding 1, wherein the length of the first positive electrode current collector region 11 along the winding direction is 12 mm to 35 mm, and the length of the second positive current collector region 12 along the winding direction is 1 mm to 11 mm.
  • the length of the first positive electrode current collector region 11 along the winding direction is 35 mm, and the length of the second positive electrode current collector region 12 along the winding direction is 1 mm.
  • Step S5 coating the negative electrode slurry on the negative electrode current collector to form a negative electrode coating area and a section of exposed foil area, then drying, rolling, and slitting to obtain a pre-processed negative electrode pole piece 3
  • the exposed foil area is a combination of the first negative electrode current collector area 31 and the second negative electrode current collector area 32, wherein the length of the first negative electrode current collector area 31 along the winding direction is 15mm to 46mm, and the second negative electrode current collector area The length of 32 in the winding direction is 8 mm to 15 mm.
  • the length of the first negative electrode current collector region 31 along the winding direction is 15 mm, and the length of the second negative electrode current collector region 32 along the winding direction is 8 mm.
  • step S6 the first negative electrode current collector area 31 and the second negative electrode current collector area 32 are both provided with negative electrode tabs 4, and the negative electrode tabs 4 are welded to the negative electrode current collector area with a riveting head.
  • the upper part is completely covered with the insulating sheet 5, the width of the negative electrode tab 4 is 2mm-5mm, the length is 10mm-60mm, and the thickness is 0.75mm-1.5mm, and the insulating sheet 5 completely covers the negative electrode tab 4; Between the insulating sheet 5 and the insulating sheet 5 on the second negative electrode current collector area 32, there is a section of exposed foil area that is not covered with the insulating sheet 5 for cutting.
  • the length of the insulating sheet 5 of the first negative electrode current collector region 31 along the winding direction is 19 mm, and the length of the insulating sheet 5 of the second negative electrode current collector region 32 along the winding direction is 12 mm.
  • the material of the insulating sheet 5 is PET or PI. In this embodiment, the material of the insulating sheet 5 can be selected as PI.
  • the insulating sheet 5 is only covered above the negative electrode tab 4 on one side, and the other side is not covered.
  • the width of the negative electrode tab 4 is 5 mm
  • the length is 10 mm
  • the thickness is 1.5 mm.
  • Step S7 cut off the exposed foil area between the first negative electrode current collector area 31 and the second negative electrode current collector area 32 to form the first negative electrode current collector area 31 and the second negative electrode current collector area 32, and obtain the pre-winding Negative pole piece 3.
  • the lengths of the first negative electrode current collector region 31 and the second negative electrode current collector region 32 in the winding direction are 15 mm and 8 mm, respectively.
  • step S8 as shown in FIG. 3, the positive pole piece 1 obtained in step S4 and the negative pole piece 3 obtained in step S7 are wound, and the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 and the initial winding end of the negative pole piece 3 are wound. It is located on opposite sides of the cylindrical separator along the winding direction, that is, the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 and the initial winding end of the negative pole piece 3 have no overlapping points. Even if the positive pole has burrs, it will not be punctured.
  • the negative electrode is short-circuited with the negative electrode; during winding, the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the negative pole piece 3 is located on the inner side of the winding, and the head of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 falls on the negative pole piece On the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of 3, and the crossing distance is d, the tail of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 is longer in the winding direction than the tail of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the negative pole piece 3 The distance is c, and finally a core with a certain diameter is formed.
  • the inner side of the initial winding end of the negative pole piece 3 is also covered with an insulating sheet 5, and the head of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 intersects with the tail of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the negative pole piece 3
  • the distance is d, so that the positive current collector at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 will not directly contact the negative pole tab 4 and cause a short circuit; the tail of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 is longer than the negative pole along the winding direction.
  • the distance from the tail of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the pole piece 3 is c, so as to prevent the burr at the tail of the positive pole piece 1 from piercing the diaphragm and contacting the negative pole piece 3 to cause a short circuit, reducing the risk of failure and ensuring the safe use of the battery.
  • the front of the head of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 falls on the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the negative pole piece 3, and the crossing distance is d, and the initial winding of the positive pole piece 1
  • the reverse side of the head of the insulating sheet 5 at the end falls on the diaphragm, that is, the head of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 is divided into front and back sides, and the head of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 is positive and negative.
  • the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the pole piece 3 is opposite, and the reverse side of the head of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 is opposite to the separator roll.
  • the cross distance d between the head of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 and the tail of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the negative pole piece 3 is 1 mm to 10 mm; the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1
  • the tail of the insulating sheet 5 is longer than the initial winding end of the negative pole piece 3 along the winding direction, and the tail distance c is 1 mm to 5 mm.
  • the tail of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 is longer in the winding direction than the tail distance c of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the negative pole piece 3 by 3 mm.
  • step S9 the winding core is put into the case, and a cylindrical lithium ion battery is assembled by liquid injection.
  • step S10 the cylindrical lithium-ion battery is activated through the formation process.
  • the present application also provides a method for manufacturing a cylindrical lithium ion battery.
  • the insulating sheet at the initial winding end of the negative pole piece is located at the winding surface.
  • the distance between the head of the insulating sheet at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece and the tail of the insulating sheet at the initial winding end of the negative pole piece is d, so that the burr at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece can pierce the circle.
  • the positive current collector at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece will not directly contact the negative pole tab and cause a short circuit;
  • the tail of the insulating sheet at the winding end is longer than the initial winding end of the negative pole piece along the winding direction.
  • the distance from the tail of the insulating sheet at the initial winding end of the negative pole piece is c, so as to avoid the burr at the tail of the positive pole piece piercing the diaphragm and the negative pole piece and short circuit, reducing the risk of failure , to ensure the safe use of the battery.
  • the present embodiment also provides a method for manufacturing a cylindrical lithium ion battery, and the manufacturing method for the cylindrical lithium ion battery includes:
  • Step S1 as shown in Figure 1, coat the ternary positive electrode slurry or the lithium iron phosphate slurry on the positive electrode current collector to form a positive electrode coating area, and reserve two sections of exposed foil area in the middle, and one section is the first positive electrode collector.
  • the combination of the fluid region 11 and the second positive current collector region 12, and the other section is the third positive current collector region 13, which is then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a pre-processed positive electrode piece 1; the first positive electrode collector
  • the length of the combined body of the fluid region 11 and the second cathode current collector region 12 is 46 mm
  • the length of the third cathode current collector region 13 is 8 mm.
  • Step S2 place the positive electrode tab 2 with a thickness of 0.15 mm, a length of 60 mm, and a width of 3.75 mm on the third positive current collector area 13, and use a riveting head to connect the third positive current collector area 13 to the positive electrode.
  • the tab 2 is welded, and the welding method used is ultrasonic welding or resistance welding; the size of the positive electrode tab 2 along the winding direction is smaller than the size of the third positive current collector region 13 along the winding direction, and the width and length of the insulating sheet 5 are greater than The width and length of the third positive current collector area 13 ; the material of the insulating sheet 5 is PI material;
  • step S3 the front and back sides of the combination of the first positive electrode current collector region 11 and the second positive electrode current collector region 12 are completely covered with the insulating sheet 5, and the overlapping size of the insulating sheet 5 and the positive electrode paint region along the winding direction is 1 mm ⁇ 3mm; the material of the insulating sheet 5 is PET material or PI material, and the length along the winding direction is 48mm.
  • the material of the insulating sheet 5 can be selected as PET.
  • step S4 the combination of the first positive electrode current collector region 11 and the second positive electrode current collector region 12 is cut off to form the first positive electrode current collector region 11 and the second positive electrode current collector region 12 to obtain the positive electrode plate before winding 1, wherein the length of the first cathode current collector region 11 along the winding direction is 12 mm, and the length of the second cathode current collector region 12 along the winding direction is 11 mm.
  • Step S5 coating the negative electrode slurry on the negative electrode current collector to form a negative electrode coating area and a section of exposed foil area, then drying, rolling, and slitting to obtain a pre-processed negative electrode pole piece 3
  • the exposed foil area is a combination of the first negative electrode current collector area 31 and the second negative electrode current collector area 32, wherein the length of the first negative electrode current collector area 31 along the winding direction is 18mm, and the second negative electrode current collector area 32 is along the winding direction.
  • the length in the winding direction was 12 mm.
  • step S6 the first negative electrode current collector area 31 and the second negative electrode current collector area 32 are both provided with negative electrode tabs 4, and the negative electrode tabs 4 are welded to the negative electrode current collector area with a riveting head.
  • the insulating sheet 5 is completely covered above, the width of the negative electrode tab 4 is 2 mm, the length is 60 mm, and the thickness is 0.75 mm, and the insulating sheet 5 completely covers the negative electrode tab 4; A section of exposed foil area that is not covered with the insulating sheet 5 is included between the insulating sheets 5 on the negative electrode current collector area 32 for cutting.
  • the length of the insulating sheet 5 of the first negative electrode current collector region 31 along the winding direction is 22 mm, and the length of the insulating sheet 5 of the second negative electrode current collector region 32 along the winding direction is 16 mm.
  • the material of the insulating sheet 5 is PET or PI. In this embodiment, the material of the insulating sheet 5 can be selected as PI.
  • the insulating sheet 5 is only covered above the negative electrode tab 4 on one side, and the other side is not covered.
  • Step S7 cut off the exposed foil area between the first negative electrode current collector area 31 and the second negative electrode current collector area 32 to form the first negative electrode current collector area 31 and the second negative electrode current collector area 32, and obtain the pre-winding Negative pole piece 3.
  • the lengths of the first negative electrode current collector region 31 and the second negative electrode current collector region 32 in the winding direction are 18 mm and 12 mm, respectively.
  • step S8 as shown in FIG. 3, the positive pole piece 1 obtained in step S4 and the negative pole piece 3 obtained in step S7 are wound, and the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 and the initial winding end of the negative pole piece 3 are wound. It is located on opposite sides of the cylindrical separator along the winding direction, that is, the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 and the initial winding end of the negative pole piece 3 have no overlapping points. Even if the positive pole has burrs, it will not be punctured.
  • the negative electrode is short-circuited with the negative electrode; during winding, the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the negative electrode pole piece 3 is located on the inner side of the winding, and finally a winding core with a certain diameter is formed.
  • the positive current collector at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 will not directly contact the negative pole tab 4 and cause a short circuit, thereby reducing the risk of failure and ensuring that Safe use of batteries.
  • the tail of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 is longer in the winding direction than the tail of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the negative pole piece 3 by a distance c of 1 mm.
  • step S9 the winding core is put into the case, and a cylindrical lithium ion battery is assembled by liquid injection.
  • step S10 the cylindrical lithium-ion battery is activated through the formation process.
  • the present embodiment also provides a method for manufacturing a cylindrical lithium ion battery, and the manufacturing method for the cylindrical lithium ion battery includes:
  • Step S1 as shown in Figure 1, coat the ternary positive electrode slurry or the lithium iron phosphate slurry on the positive electrode current collector to form a positive electrode coating area, and reserve two sections of exposed foil area in the middle, and one section is the first positive electrode collector.
  • the combination of the fluid region 11 and the second positive current collector region 12, and the other section is the third positive current collector region 13, which is then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a pre-processed positive electrode piece 1; the first positive electrode collector
  • the length of the combined body of the fluid region 11 and the second cathode current collector region 12 is 25 mm
  • the length of the third cathode current collector region 13 is 12 mm.
  • the length of the combination of the first cathode current collector region 11 and the second cathode current collector region 12 is 15 mm
  • the length of the third cathode current collector region 13 is 15 mm.
  • step S2 the positive electrode tabs 2 with a thickness of 0.1 mm, a length of 60 mm and a width of 3.75 mm are placed in the third positive current collector area 13 to be attached, and the third positive current collector area 13 is connected with the riveting head.
  • the positive electrode tab 2 is welded, and the welding method used is ultrasonic welding or resistance welding; the size of the positive electrode tab 2 along the winding direction is smaller than the size of the third positive electrode current collector region 13 along the winding direction, and the width and length of the insulating sheet 5 It is larger than the width and length of the third positive current collector area 13 ; the material of the insulating sheet 5 is PI material;
  • step S3 the front and back sides of the combination of the first positive electrode current collector region 11 and the second positive electrode current collector region 12 are completely covered with the insulating sheet 5, and the overlapping size of the insulating sheet 5 and the positive electrode paint region along the winding direction is 1 mm ⁇ 3mm; the material of the insulating sheet 5 is PET material or PI material, and the length along the winding direction is 35mm.
  • the material of the insulating sheet 5 can be selected as PET.
  • step S4 the combination of the first positive electrode current collector region 11 and the second positive electrode current collector region 12 is cut off to form the first positive electrode current collector region 11 and the second positive electrode current collector region 12 to obtain the positive electrode plate before winding 1, wherein the length of the first cathode current collector region 11 along the winding direction is 25 mm, and the length of the second cathode current collector region 12 along the winding direction is 6 mm.
  • Step S5 coating the negative electrode slurry on the negative electrode current collector to form a negative electrode coating area and a section of exposed foil area, then drying, rolling, and slitting to obtain a pre-processed negative electrode pole piece 3
  • the exposed foil area is a combination of the first negative electrode current collector area 31 and the second negative electrode current collector area 32, wherein the length of the first negative electrode current collector area 31 along the winding direction is 20mm, and the second negative electrode current collector area 32 is along the winding direction. The length in the winding direction was 15 mm.
  • step S6 the first negative electrode current collector area 31 and the second negative electrode current collector area 32 are both provided with negative electrode tabs 4, and the negative electrode tabs 4 are welded to the negative electrode current collector area with a riveting head.
  • the insulating sheet 5 is completely covered above, the width of the negative electrode tab 4 is 3.75 mm, the length is 45 mm, and the thickness is 1.25 mm, and the insulating sheet 5 completely covers the negative electrode tab 4; Between the insulating sheets 5 on the two negative electrode current collector regions 32, a section of exposed foil area that is not covered with the insulating sheets 5 is included for cutting.
  • the length of the insulating sheet 5 of the first negative electrode current collector region 31 along the winding direction is 24 mm, and the length of the insulating sheet 5 of the second negative electrode current collector region 32 along the winding direction is 19 mm.
  • the material of the insulating sheet 5 is PET or PI. In this embodiment, the material of the insulating sheet 5 can be selected as PI.
  • the insulating sheet 5 is only covered on one side above the negative electrode tab 4, and the other side is not covered.
  • Step S7 cut off the exposed foil area between the first negative electrode current collector area 31 and the second negative electrode current collector area 32 to form the first negative electrode current collector area 31 and the second negative electrode current collector area 32, and obtain the pre-winding Negative pole piece 3.
  • the lengths of the first negative electrode current collector region 31 and the second negative electrode current collector region 32 in the winding direction are 20 mm and 15 mm, respectively.
  • step S8 as shown in FIG. 3, the positive pole piece 1 obtained in step S4 and the negative pole piece 3 obtained in step S7 are wound, and the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 and the initial winding end of the negative pole piece 3 are wound. It is located on opposite sides of the cylindrical separator along the winding direction, that is, the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 and the initial winding end of the negative pole piece 3 have no overlapping points. Even if the positive pole has burrs, it will not be punctured.
  • the negative electrode is short-circuited with the negative electrode; during winding, the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the negative electrode pole piece 3 is located on the inner side of the winding, and finally a winding core with a certain diameter is formed.
  • the positive current collector at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 will not directly contact the negative pole tab 4 and cause a short circuit, thereby reducing the risk of failure and ensuring that Safe use of batteries.
  • the tail of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the positive pole piece 1 is longer in the winding direction than the tail of the insulating sheet 5 at the initial winding end of the negative pole piece 3 by a distance c of 5 mm.
  • step S9 the winding core is put into the case, and a cylindrical lithium ion battery is assembled by liquid injection.
  • step S10 the cylindrical lithium-ion battery is activated through the formation process.

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Abstract

提供了一种圆柱形锂离子电池及其制造方法，圆柱形锂离子电池包括正极极片（1）、正极极耳（2）、负极极片（3）、负极极耳（4）、绝缘片（5）和隔膜，第一正极集流体区（11）、第二正极集流体区（12）和第三正极集流体区（13）的正反两面均完全覆盖有绝缘片（5），且正极极耳（1）位于绝缘片（5）和第三正极集流体区（13）之间；第一负极集流体区（31）和第二负极集流体区（32）的两侧或一侧覆盖有绝缘片（5），且负极极耳（4）位于绝缘片（5）和第一负极集流体区（31）之间以及绝缘片（5）和第二负极集流体区（32）之间；正极极片（1）的初始卷绕端和负极极片（3）的初始卷绕端沿卷绕方向位于隔膜不同的位置上。圆柱形锂离子电池及其制造方法降低了正负极短路的风险，减少失效风险。

Description

一种圆柱形锂离子电池及其制造方法
本申请要求在2021年3月12日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110269090.4的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及锂离子电池技术领域，例如涉及一种圆柱形锂离子电池及其制造方法。
背景技术
随着电器设备的智能化、网联化及无绳化发展，锂离子电池越来越广泛的应用于小家电及智能设备领域，而18650、2170圆柱形锂离子电池是目前比较成熟的两种产品，且尺寸统一生产方便，非常适合大规模化的批量应用。
高质量圆柱形锂离子电池的生产离不开制程工序的严格管控，但在实际生产过程中避免不了出现一定比例的异常品。例如圆柱形锂离子电池在极片卷绕时，极片裁断的毛刺问题，由于切刀使用寿命过短、切刀位置偏离或者切刀气压动力波动等等因素都会导致毛刺大小发生波动，从而容易产生毛刺超标的现象，生产过程又难以进行全检，因此毛刺这个问题很难避免，只是尺寸大小的差异，大毛刺的电池在自放电筛选阶段表现为自放电较大，尺寸小的毛刺，即使通过自放电筛选也难以区分出来，这部分电池投入使用后，随着电池循环次数的增多，由于毛刺隐患的存在，随时会刺穿隔膜，导致电池失效，引发事故。
因此，亟需一种降低正负极短路风险的圆柱形锂离子电池及其制造方法，以解决相关技术中存在的上述技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提出一种圆柱形锂离子电池及其制造方法，该圆柱形锂离子电池及其制造方法降低了正负极短路的风险，减少失效风险，保证电池的安全使用。
本申请采用以下技术方案：
一种圆柱形锂离子电池，包括：
正极极片，包括位于所述正极极片两端的第一正极集流体区、第二正极集流体区和位于所述正极极片中部的第三正极集流体区；
正极极耳，设置于所述第三正极集流体区上；
负极极片，包括位于所述负极极片两端的第一负极集流体区和第二负极集流体区；
负极极耳，所述第一负极集流体区和所述第二负极集流体区上均设置有所述负极极耳；
绝缘片，所述第一正极集流体区、所述第二正极集流体区和所述第三正极集流体区的正反两面均完全覆盖有所述绝缘片，且所述正极极耳位于所述绝缘片和所述第三正极集流体区之间；所述第一负极集流体区和所述第二负极集流体区的两侧或一侧覆盖有所述绝缘片，且所述负极极耳位于所述绝缘片和所述第一负极集流体区之间以及所述绝缘片和所述第二负极集流体区之间；
隔膜，所述正极极片的初始卷绕端和所述负极极片的初始卷绕端沿卷绕方向位于所述隔膜不同的位置上。
本申请还提供了一种圆柱形锂离子电池的制造方法，用于制造如上所述的圆柱形锂离子电池，所述圆柱形锂离子电池的制造方法包括：
将正极浆料涂覆在正极集流体上，形成正极涂料区，在中间预留两段露箔区，一段为所述第一正极集流体区和所述第二正极集流体区的结合体，另一段为所述第三正极集流体区，然后进行烘干、辊压，分切制得预加工的正极极片；
将所述正极极耳连接于所述第三正极集流体区上，所述正极极耳沿卷绕方向的尺寸小于所述第三正极集流体区沿卷绕方向的尺寸，将所述第三正极集流体区的正反两面均完全覆盖所述绝缘片；
将所述第一正极集流体区和所述第二正极集流体区的结合体的正反两面均完全覆盖所述绝缘片；
将所述第一正极集流体区和所述第二正极集流体区的结合体切断，以形成第一正极集流体区和所述第二正极集流体区，得到卷绕前的正极极片；
将负极浆料涂覆在负极集流体上，形成负极涂料区和一段露箔区，然后进行烘干、辊压，分切制得预加工的负极极片，露箔区为所述第一负极集流体区和所述第二负极集流体区的结合体；
在所述第一负极集流体区和所述第二负极集流体区上均设置所述负极极耳，在所述负极极耳的上方完全覆盖所述绝缘片，且所述第一负极集流体区上的所述绝缘片和所述第二负极集流体区上的所述绝缘片之间包括一段未覆盖所述绝缘片的露箔区，以供切断用；
从所述第一负极集流体区和所述第二负极集流体区之间的露箔区进行切断，形成所述第一负极集流体区和所述第二负极集流体区，得到卷绕前的负极极片；
将所述卷绕前的正极极片和所述卷绕前的负极极片进行卷绕，所述正极极片的初始卷绕端和所述负极极片的初始卷绕端沿卷绕方向位于所述隔膜不同的位置上，卷绕时，所述负极极片的初始卷绕端处的所述绝缘片位于卷绕的内侧，所述正极极片的初始卷绕端的所述绝缘片的头部落在所述负极极片的初始卷绕端的所述绝缘片上，且交叉距离为d，所述正极极片的初始卷绕端的所述绝缘片的尾部沿卷绕方向长于所述负极极片的初始卷绕端的所述绝缘片的尾部距离为c，最终形成卷芯；
将所述卷芯进行入壳，注液组装成圆柱形锂离子电池；
经过化成工序，激活圆柱形锂离子电池。
附图说明
图1是本申请具体实施方式提供的正极极片、正极极耳和绝缘片的结构示意图；
图2是本申请具体实施方式提供的负极极片、负极极耳和绝缘片的结构示意图；
图3是本申请具体实施方式提供的卷芯的结构示意图。
附图标记：
1、正极极片；11、第一正极集流体区；12、第二正极集流体区；13、第三正极集流体区；
2、正极极耳；
3、负极极片；31、第一负极集流体区；32、第二负极集流体区；
4、负极极耳；
5、绝缘片。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来说明本申请的技术方案。
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本实施例的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述和简化操作，而不是指 示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅仅用于在描述上加以区分，并没有特殊的含义。
实施例一
如图1～图3所示，本实施例提供了一种圆柱形锂离子电池，该圆柱形锂离子电池包括正极极片1、正极极耳2、负极极片3、负极极耳4、绝缘片5和隔膜，其中，正极极片1包括位于正极极片1两端的第一正极集流体区11、第二正极集流体区12和位于正极极片1中部的第三正极集流体区13；正极极耳2设置于第三正极集流体区13上；负极极片3包括位于负极极片3两端的第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32；第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32上均设置有负极极耳4；第一正极集流体区11、第二正极集流体区12和第三正极集流体区13的正反两面均完全覆盖有绝缘片5，且正极极耳2位于绝缘片5和第三正极集流体区13之间；第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32的两侧或一侧覆盖有绝缘片5，且负极极耳4位于绝缘片5和第一负极集流体区31之间以及绝缘片5和第二负极集流体区32之间；正极极片1的初始卷绕端和负极极片3的初始卷绕端沿卷绕方向位于隔膜不同的位置上。示例性的，先将隔膜预卷形成位于圆柱形锂离子电池中间的隔膜卷，正极极片1的初始卷绕端和负极极片3的初始卷绕端沿卷绕方向位于隔膜卷不同的位置上。
通过采用覆盖绝缘片5的方式，即使切断毛刺刺穿隔膜，通过绝缘片5的隔绝，能够避免正负极接触而导致正负极短路，减少了失效风险，保证电池的安全使用。将正极极片1的初始卷绕端和负极极片3的初始卷绕端从隔膜的不同位置上开始卷绕，从而避免初始卷绕端的正极集流体和负极集流体的端部接触，由于初始卷绕端的隔膜通常会卷绕成圆筒状，且厚度较厚，因此，基本能够杜绝循环过程中由于毛刺问题，而出现正极极片1的初始卷绕端和负极极片3的初始卷绕端短路而失效的问题。
需要说明的是，第一正极集流体区11、第二正极集流体区12和第三正极集 流体区13的正反两面均完全覆盖有绝缘片5指的是：覆盖于第一正极集流体区11的绝缘片5的长度和宽度均大于第一正极集流体区11的长度和宽度；覆盖于第二正极集流体区12的绝缘片5的长度和宽度均大于第二正极集流体区12的长度和宽度；覆盖于第三正极集流体区13的绝缘片5的长度和宽度均大于第三正极集流体区13的长度和宽度。示例性地，负极极耳4位于绝缘片5和第一负极集流体区31之间以及绝缘片5和第二负极集流体区32之间指的是：绝缘片5的长度和宽度均大于第一负极集流体区31上的负极极耳4的长度和宽度以及第二负极集流体区32上的负极极耳4的长度和宽度，以完全覆盖位于第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32上的负极极耳4。
可选地，第一正极集流体区11沿卷绕方向的尺寸为12mm～35mm，第二正极集流体区12沿卷绕方向的尺寸为1mm～11mm，第三正极集流体区13沿卷绕方向的尺寸为8mm～15mm。
在本实施例中，正极极耳2为铝带。可选地，正极极耳2的宽度为0.1mm～0.15mm，正极极耳2的厚度为0.07mm～0.15mm。示例性地，在本实施例中，连接于第一负极集流体区31上的负极极耳4的宽度为2mm～5mm，长度为10mm～60mm；连接于第二负极集流体区32上的负极极耳4的宽度为2mm～6mm，长度为10mm～60mm。
可选地，绝缘片5的材质为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene terephthalate，PET)或聚酰亚胺(Polyimide，PI)。PET或PI材质的绝缘片5均能够承受较高的温度，从而保证电池的安全使用。
可选地，第一负极集流体区31沿卷绕方向的尺寸为3mm～11mm。在本实施例中，第一负极集流体区31上覆盖的绝缘片5沿卷绕方向的尺寸为4mm～20mm。
可选地，绝缘片5与正极极片1的涂料区沿卷绕方向的重叠尺寸为1mm～3mm；绝缘片5与负极极片3的涂料区沿卷绕方向的重叠尺寸为1mm～3mm。
实施例二
本实施例提供了一种圆柱形锂离子电池的制造方法，该圆柱形锂离子电池的制造方法包括：
步骤S1，如图1所示，将三元正极浆料或磷酸铁锂浆料涂覆在正极集流体上，形成正极涂料区，在中间预留两段露箔区，一段为第一正极集流体区11和第二正极集流体区12的结合体，另一段为第三正极集流体区13，然后进行烘干、辊压，分切制得预加工的正极极片；第一正极集流体区11和第二正极集流体区12的结合体的长度为15mm～46mm，第三正极集流体区13的长度为8mm～15mm。
可选地，在本实施例中，第一正极集流体区11和第二正极集流体区12的结合体的长度为15mm，第三正极集流体区13的长度为15mm。
步骤S2，将厚度为0.1mm，长度为60mm，宽度为3.75mm的正极极耳2放置于第三正极集流体区13贴合位，用拉铆焊头将第三正极集流体区13与正极极耳2进行焊接，所用的焊接方式为超声焊或电阻焊；正极极耳2沿卷绕方向的尺寸小于第三正极集流体区13沿卷绕方向的尺寸，绝缘片5的宽度和长度大于第三正极集流体区13的宽度和长度；绝缘片5的材质为PI材质；焊接正极极耳2的第三正极集流体区13反面也需要用绝缘片5覆盖，即第三正极集流体区13的正反两面均完全覆盖绝缘片5。
步骤S3，将第一正极集流体区11和第二正极集流体区12的结合体的正反两面均完全覆盖绝缘片5，绝缘片5与正极涂料区沿卷绕方向的重叠尺寸为1mm～3mm；绝缘片5的材质为PET材质或者PI材质，沿卷绕方向的长度尺寸为17mm。
在本实施例中，绝缘片5的材质可选为PET。
步骤S4，将第一正极集流体区11和第二正极集流体区12的结合体切断，以形成第一正极集流体区11和第二正极集流体区12，得到卷绕前的正极极片1，其中，第一正极集流体区11沿卷绕方向的长度为12mm～35mm，第二正极集流体区12沿卷绕方向的长度为1mm～11mm。
可选地，第一正极集流体区11沿卷绕方向的长度为35mm，第二正极集流 体区12沿卷绕方向的长度为1mm。
步骤S5，如图2所示，将负极浆料涂覆在负极集流体上，形成负极涂料区和一段露箔区，然后进行烘干、辊压，分切制得预加工的负极极片3；露箔区为第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32的结合体，其中，第一负极集流体区31沿卷绕方向的长度为15mm～46mm，第二负极集流体区32沿卷绕方向的长度为8mm～15mm。
可选地，在本实施例中，第一负极集流体区31沿卷绕方向的长度为15mm，第二负极集流体区32沿卷绕方向的长度为8mm。
步骤S6，在第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32上均设置负极极耳4，用拉铆焊头将负极极耳4焊接于负极集流体区，在负极极耳4的上方完全覆盖绝缘片5，负极极耳4的宽度为2mm～5mm、长度为10mm～60mm、厚度为0.75mm～1.5mm，绝缘片5完全覆盖负极极耳4；第一负极集流体区31上的绝缘片5和第二负极集流体区32上的绝缘片5之间包括一段未覆盖绝缘片5的露箔区，以供切断用。
第一负极集流体区31的绝缘片5沿卷绕方向的长度为19mm，第二负极集流体区32的绝缘片5沿卷绕方向的长度为12mm。绝缘片5的材质为PET或者PI。在本实施例中，绝缘片5的材质可选为PI。绝缘片5只单面覆盖于负极极耳4上方，另一侧不覆盖。可选地，在本实施例中，负极极耳4的宽度为5mm、长度为10mm、厚度为1.5mm。
步骤S7，从第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32之间的露箔区进行切断，形成第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32，得到卷绕前的负极极片3。
第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32沿卷绕方向的长度分别为15mm和8mm。
步骤S8，如图3所示，将步骤S4得到的正极极片1和步骤S7得到的负极极片3进行卷绕，正极极片1的初始卷绕端和负极极片3的初始卷绕端沿卷绕 方向位于圆筒形隔膜的相对两侧，也就是正极极片1的初始卷绕端和负极极片3的初始卷绕端无重叠点，即使正极有毛刺点，也不会穿刺到负极，与负极短接；卷绕时，负极极片3的初始卷绕端处的绝缘片5位于卷绕的内侧，正极极片1的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的头部落在负极极片3的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5上，且交叉距离为d，正极极片1的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的尾部沿卷绕方向长于负极极片3的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的尾部距离为c，最终形成一定直径大小的卷芯。由于负极极片3的初始卷绕端的内侧还覆盖有绝缘片5，且正极极片1的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的头部与负极极片3的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的尾部交叉距离为d，从而正极极片1的初始卷绕端的正极集流体不会直接与负极极耳4接触而发生短路；正极极片1的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的尾部沿卷绕方向长于负极极片3的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的尾部距离为c，避免正极极片1尾部的毛刺刺穿隔膜与负极极片3接触发生短路，减少了失效风险，保证电池的安全使用。示例性的，正极极片1的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的头部正面落在负极极片3的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5上，且交叉距离为d，正极极片1的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的头部反面落在隔膜上，即，正极极片1初始卷绕端的绝缘片5头部分为正反面，正极极片1的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的头部正面与负极极片3的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5相对，正极极片1的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的头部反面与隔膜卷相对。
正极极片1的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的头部与负极极片3的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的尾部交叉距离d为1mm～10mm；正极极片1的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的尾部沿卷绕方向长于负极极片3的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的尾部距离c为1mm～5mm。可选地，在本实施例中，正极极片1的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的尾部沿卷绕方向长于负极极片3的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的尾部距离c为3mm。
步骤S9，卷芯进行入壳，注液组装成圆柱形锂离子电池。
步骤S10，经过化成工序，激活圆柱形锂离子电池。
本申请还提供了一种圆柱形锂离子电池的制造方法，该圆柱形锂离子电池 的制造方法在步骤S8中，卷绕时，负极极片的初始卷绕端处的绝缘片位于卷绕的内侧，且正极极片的初始卷绕端的绝缘片的头部与负极极片的初始卷绕端的绝缘片的尾部交叉距离为d，可使得正极极片的初始卷绕端的毛刺即使刺穿了圆筒状的隔膜，由于负极极片的初始卷绕端的内侧还覆盖有绝缘片，从而正极极片的初始卷绕端的正极集流体不会直接与负极极耳接触而发生短路；正极极片的初始卷绕端的绝缘片的尾部沿卷绕方向长于负极极片的初始卷绕端的绝缘片的尾部距离为c，避免正极极片尾部的毛刺刺穿隔膜与负极极片接触发生短路，减少了失效风险，保证电池的安全使用。
实施例三
本实施例还提供了一种圆柱形锂离子电池的制造方法，该圆柱形锂离子电池的制造方法包括：
步骤S1，如图1所示，将三元正极浆料或磷酸铁锂浆料涂覆在正极集流体上，形成正极涂料区，在中间预留两段露箔区，一段为第一正极集流体区11和第二正极集流体区12的结合体，另一段为第三正极集流体区13，然后进行烘干、辊压，分切制得预加工的正极极片1；第一正极集流体区11和第二正极集流体区12的结合体的长度为46mm，第三正极集流体区13的长度为8mm。
步骤S2，将厚度为0.15mm，长度为60mm，宽度为3.75mm的正极极耳2放置于第三正极集流体区13贴合位，用拉铆焊头将第三正极集流体区13与正极极耳2进行焊接，所用的焊接方式为超声焊或电阻焊；正极极耳2沿卷绕方向的尺寸小于第三正极集流体区13沿卷绕方向的尺寸，绝缘片5的宽度和长度大于第三正极集流体区13的宽度和长度；绝缘片5的材质为PI材质；焊接正极极耳2的第三正极集流体区13反面也需要用绝缘片5覆盖。
步骤S3，将第一正极集流体区11和第二正极集流体区12的结合体的正反两面均完全覆盖绝缘片5，绝缘片5与正极涂料区沿卷绕方向的重叠尺寸为1mm～3mm；绝缘片5的材质为PET材质或者PI材质，沿卷绕方向的长度尺寸为48mm。
在本实施例中，绝缘片5的材质可选为PET。
步骤S4，将第一正极集流体区11和第二正极集流体区12的结合体切断，以形成第一正极集流体区11和第二正极集流体区12，得到卷绕前的正极极片1，其中，第一正极集流体区11沿卷绕方向的长度为12mm，第二正极集流体区12沿卷绕方向的长度为11mm。
步骤S5，如图2所示，将负极浆料涂覆在负极集流体上，形成负极涂料区和一段露箔区，然后进行烘干、辊压，分切制得预加工的负极极片3；露箔区为第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32的结合体，其中，第一负极集流体区31沿卷绕方向的长度为18mm，第二负极集流体区32沿卷绕方向的长度为12mm。
步骤S6，在第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32上均设置负极极耳4，用拉铆焊头将负极极耳4焊接于负极集流体区，在负极极耳4的上方完全覆盖绝缘片5，负极极耳4的宽度为2mm、长度为60mm、厚度为0.75mm，绝缘片5完全覆盖负极极耳4；第一负极集流体区31上的绝缘片5和第二负极集流体区32上的绝缘片5之间包括一段未覆盖绝缘片5的露箔区，以供切断用。
第一负极集流体区31的绝缘片5沿卷绕方向的长度为22mm，第二负极集流体区32的绝缘片5沿卷绕方向的长度为16mm。绝缘片5的材质为PET或者PI。在本实施例中，绝缘片5的材质可选为PI。绝缘片5只单面覆盖于负极极耳4上方，另一侧不覆盖。
步骤S7，从第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32之间的露箔区进行切断，形成第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32，得到卷绕前的负极极片3。
第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32沿卷绕方向的长度分别为18mm和12mm。
步骤S8，如图3所示，将步骤S4得到的正极极片1和步骤S7得到的负极极片3进行卷绕，正极极片1的初始卷绕端和负极极片3的初始卷绕端沿卷绕 方向位于圆筒形隔膜的相对两侧，也就是正极极片1的初始卷绕端和负极极片3的初始卷绕端无重叠点，即使正极有毛刺点，也不会穿刺到负极，与负极短接；卷绕时，负极极片3的初始卷绕端处的绝缘片5位于卷绕的内侧，最终形成一定直径大小的卷芯。由于负极极片3的初始卷绕端的内侧还覆盖有绝缘片5，从而正极极片1的初始卷绕端的正极集流体不会直接与负极极耳4接触而发生短路，减少了失效风险，保证电池的安全使用。
正极极片1的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的尾部沿卷绕方向长于负极极片3的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的尾部距离c为1mm。
步骤S9，卷芯进行入壳，注液组装成圆柱形锂离子电池。
步骤S10，经过化成工序，激活圆柱形锂离子电池。
实施例四
本实施例还提供了一种圆柱形锂离子电池的制造方法，该圆柱形锂离子电池的制造方法包括：
步骤S1，如图1所示，将三元正极浆料或磷酸铁锂浆料涂覆在正极集流体上，形成正极涂料区，在中间预留两段露箔区，一段为第一正极集流体区11和第二正极集流体区12的结合体，另一段为第三正极集流体区13，然后进行烘干、辊压，分切制得预加工的正极极片1；第一正极集流体区11和第二正极集流体区12的结合体的长度为25mm，第三正极集流体区13的长度为12mm。
可选地，在本实施例中，第一正极集流体区11和第二正极集流体区12的结合体的长度为15mm，第三正极集流体区13的长度为15mm。
步骤S2，将厚度为0.1mm，长度为60mm，宽度为3.75mm的正极极耳2送置于第三正极集流体区13贴合位，用拉铆焊头将第三正极集流体区13与正极极耳2进行焊接，所用的焊接方式为超声焊或电阻焊；正极极耳2沿卷绕方向的尺寸小于第三正极集流体区13沿卷绕方向的尺寸，绝缘片5的宽度和长度大于第三正极集流体区13的宽度和长度；绝缘片5的材质为PI材质；焊接正极极耳2的第三正极集流体区13反面也需要用绝缘片5覆盖。
步骤S3，将第一正极集流体区11和第二正极集流体区12的结合体的正反两面均完全覆盖绝缘片5，绝缘片5与正极涂料区沿卷绕方向的重叠尺寸为1mm～3mm；绝缘片5的材质为PET材质或者PI材质，沿卷绕方向的长度尺寸为35mm。
在本实施例中，绝缘片5的材质可选为PET。
步骤S4，将第一正极集流体区11和第二正极集流体区12的结合体切断，以形成第一正极集流体区11和第二正极集流体区12，得到卷绕前的正极极片1，其中，第一正极集流体区11沿卷绕方向的长度为25mm，第二正极集流体区12沿卷绕方向的长度为6mm。
步骤S5，如图2所示，将负极浆料涂覆在负极集流体上，形成负极涂料区和一段露箔区，然后进行烘干、辊压，分切制得预加工的负极极片3；露箔区为第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32的结合体，其中，第一负极集流体区31沿卷绕方向的长度为20mm，第二负极集流体区32沿卷绕方向的长度为15mm。
步骤S6，在第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32上均设置负极极耳4，用拉铆焊头将负极极耳4焊接于负极集流体区，在负极极耳4的上方完全覆盖绝缘片5，负极极耳4的宽度为3.75mm、长度为45mm、厚度为1.25mm，绝缘片5完全覆盖负极极耳4；第一负极集流体区31上的绝缘片5和第二负极集流体区32上的绝缘片5之间包括一段未覆盖绝缘片5的露箔区，以供切断用。
第一负极集流体区31的绝缘片5沿卷绕方向的长度为24mm，第二负极集流体区32的绝缘片5沿卷绕方向的长度为19mm。绝缘片5的材质为PET或者PI。在本实施例中，绝缘片5的材质可选为PI。绝缘片5只单面覆盖于负极极耳4上方，另一侧不覆盖。
步骤S7，从第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32之间的露箔区进行切断，形成第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32，得到卷绕前的负极极片3。
第一负极集流体区31和第二负极集流体区32沿卷绕方向的长度分别为20mm和15mm。
步骤S8，如图3所示，将步骤S4得到的正极极片1和步骤S7得到的负极极片3进行卷绕，正极极片1的初始卷绕端和负极极片3的初始卷绕端沿卷绕方向位于圆筒形隔膜的相对两侧，也就是正极极片1的初始卷绕端和负极极片3的初始卷绕端无重叠点，即使正极有毛刺点，也不会穿刺到负极，与负极短接；卷绕时，负极极片3的初始卷绕端处的绝缘片5位于卷绕的内侧，最终形成一定直径大小的卷芯。由于负极极片3的初始卷绕端的内侧还覆盖有绝缘片5，从而正极极片1的初始卷绕端的正极集流体不会直接与负极极耳4接触而发生短路，减少了失效风险，保证电池的安全使用。
正极极片1的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的尾部沿卷绕方向长于负极极片3的初始卷绕端的绝缘片5的尾部距离c为5mm。
步骤S9，卷芯进行入壳，注液组装成圆柱形锂离子电池。
步骤S10，经过化成工序，激活圆柱形锂离子电池。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种圆柱形锂离子电池，包括：
    正极极片(1)，包括位于所述正极极片(1)两端的第一正极集流体区(11)、第二正极集流体区(12)和位于所述正极极片(1)中部的第三正极集流体区(13)；
    正极极耳(2)，设置于所述第三正极集流体区(13)上；
    负极极片(3)，包括位于所述负极极片(3)两端的第一负极集流体区(31)和第二负极集流体区(32)；
    负极极耳(4)，所述第一负极集流体区(31)和所述第二负极集流体区(32)上均设置有所述负极极耳(4)；
    绝缘片(5)，所述第一正极集流体区(11)、所述第二正极集流体区(12)和所述第三正极集流体区(13)的正反两面均完全覆盖有所述绝缘片(5)，且所述正极极耳(2)位于所述绝缘片(5)和所述第三正极集流体区(13)之间；所述第一负极集流体区(31)和所述第二负极集流体区(32)的两侧或一侧覆盖有所述绝缘片(5)，且所述负极极耳(4)位于所述绝缘片(5)和所述第一负极集流体区(31)之间以及所述绝缘片(5)和所述第二负极集流体区(32)之间；
    隔膜，所述正极极片(1)的初始卷绕端和所述负极极片(3)的初始卷绕端沿卷绕方向位于所述隔膜不同的位置上。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的圆柱形锂离子电池，其中，所述第一正极集流体区(11)沿卷绕方向的尺寸为12mm～35mm，所述第二正极集流体区(12)沿卷绕方向的尺寸为1mm～11mm，所述第三正极集流体区(13)沿卷绕方向的尺寸为8mm～15mm。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的圆柱形锂离子电池，其中，所述正极极耳(2)为铝带。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的圆柱形锂离子电池，其中，所述正极极耳(2)的宽度为0.1mm～0.15mm，所述正极极耳(2)的厚度为0.07mm～0.15mm。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的圆柱形锂离子电池，其中，所述绝缘片(5)的材质 为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯PET或聚酰亚胺PI。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的圆柱形锂离子电池，其中，所述第一负极集流体区(31)沿卷绕方向的尺寸为3mm～11mm。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的圆柱形锂离子电池，其中，所述第一负极集流体区(31)上覆盖的所述绝缘片(5)沿卷绕方向的尺寸为4mm～20mm。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的圆柱形锂离子电池，其中，所述绝缘片(5)与所述正极极片(1)的涂料区沿卷绕方向的重叠尺寸为1mm～3mm；述绝缘片(5)与所述负极极片(3)的涂料区沿卷绕方向的重叠尺寸为1mm～3mm。
  9. 一种圆柱形锂离子电池的制造方法，用于制造如权利要求1～8任一项所述的圆柱形锂离子电池，所述圆柱形锂离子电池的制造方法包括：
    将正极浆料涂覆在正极集流体上，形成正极涂料区，在中间预留两段露箔区，一段为所述第一正极集流体区(11)和所述第二正极集流体区(12)的结合体，另一段为所述第三正极集流体区(13)，然后进行烘干、辊压，分切制得预加工的正极极片；
    将所述正极极耳(2)连接于所述第三正极集流体区(13)上，所述正极极耳(2)沿卷绕方向的尺寸小于所述第三正极集流体区(13)沿卷绕方向的尺寸，将所述第三正极集流体区(13)的正反两面均完全覆盖所述绝缘片(5)；
    将所述第一正极集流体区(11)和所述第二正极集流体区(12)的结合体的正反两面均完全覆盖所述绝缘片(5)；
    将所述第一正极集流体区(11)和所述第二正极集流体区(12)的结合体切断，以形成第一正极集流体区(11)和所述第二正极集流体区(12)，得到卷绕前的正极极片；
    将负极浆料涂覆在负极集流体上，形成负极涂料区和一段露箔区，然后进行烘干、辊压，分切制得预加工的负极极片，露箔区为所述第一负极集流体区(31)和所述第二负极集流体区(32)的结合体；
    在所述第一负极集流体区(31)和所述第二负极集流体区(32)上均设置 所述负极极耳(4)，在所述负极极耳(4)的上方完全覆盖所述绝缘片(5)，且所述第一负极集流体区(31)上的所述绝缘片(5)和所述第二负极集流体区(32)上的所述绝缘片(5)之间包括一段未覆盖所述绝缘片(5)的露箔区，以供切断用；
    从所述第一负极集流体区(31)和所述第二负极集流体区(32)之间的露箔区进行切断，形成所述第一负极集流体区(31)和所述第二负极集流体区(32)，得到卷绕前的负极极片；
    将所述卷绕前的正极极片和所述卷绕前的负极极片进行卷绕，所述正极极片(1)的初始卷绕端和所述负极极片(3)的初始卷绕端沿卷绕方向位于所述隔膜不同的位置上，卷绕时，所述负极极片(3)的初始卷绕端处的所述绝缘片(5)位于卷绕的内侧，所述正极极片(1)的初始卷绕端的所述绝缘片(5)的头部落在所述负极极片(3)的初始卷绕端的所述绝缘片(5)上，且交叉距离为d，所述正极极片(1)的初始卷绕端的所述绝缘片(5)的尾部沿卷绕方向长于所述负极极片(3)的初始卷绕端的所述绝缘片(5)的尾部距离为c，最终形成卷芯；
    将所述卷芯进行入壳，注液组装成圆柱形锂离子电池；
    经过化成工序，激活圆柱形锂离子电池。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的圆柱形锂离子电池的制造方法，其中，所述正极极片(1)的初始卷绕端的所述绝缘片(5)的头部落在所述负极极片(3)的初始卷绕端的所述绝缘片(5)上，且交叉距离d为1mm～10mm；所述正极极片(1)的初始卷绕端的所述绝缘片(5)的尾部沿卷绕方向长于所述负极极片(3)的初始卷绕端的所述绝缘片(5)的尾部距离c为1mm～5mm。
PCT/CN2021/122302 2021-03-12 2021-09-30 一种圆柱形锂离子电池及其制造方法 WO2022188400A1 (zh)

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