WO2022188301A1 - Visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array - Google Patents

Visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022188301A1
WO2022188301A1 PCT/CN2021/102735 CN2021102735W WO2022188301A1 WO 2022188301 A1 WO2022188301 A1 WO 2022188301A1 CN 2021102735 W CN2021102735 W CN 2021102735W WO 2022188301 A1 WO2022188301 A1 WO 2022188301A1
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array
signal
waveguide
sparse
sub
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PCT/CN2021/102735
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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孙彩明
邓舒鹏
张爱东
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鹏城实验室
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Publication of WO2022188301A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022188301A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/292—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection by controlled diffraction or phased-array beam steering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/295—Analog deflection from or in an optical waveguide structure]
    • G02F1/2955—Analog deflection from or in an optical waveguide structure] by controlled diffraction or phased-array beam steering

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of optoelectronic devices, in particular to a visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array.
  • the optical phased array radar based on silicon-on-insulator can only work at wavelengths greater than 1100 nm due to the absorption characteristics of silicon materials, and cannot work in the visible light band. Therefore, its application in some visible light scenarios is limited.
  • the commonly used waveguide optical phased array radar that can work in the visible light band due to the influence of the waveguide light crosstalk, the spacing between the antennas cannot be less than half of the working wavelength. When the spacing between the antennas is increased, there will be a grating lobe problem. , which limits the scanning angle of the waveguide optical phased array radar, and the too small scanning angle limits the application and development of the waveguide optical phased array radar.
  • the main purpose of the present application is to provide a visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array, which optimizes the array element distribution in the waveguide optical phased array through the sparse array, and expands the optical phased array under the condition that the integration requirements of device miniaturization are met.
  • the scanning angle of the antenna is designed to solve the technical problem that the scanning angle of the existing waveguide optical phased array radar is too small.
  • a visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array comprising:
  • Optical coupler used to couple the acquired optical signal
  • Optical beam splitter used for splitting the coupled optical signal to obtain sub-signals
  • Phase shift array connected to the optical beam splitter, for adjusting the phase of the sub-signal to obtain the target sub-signal;
  • Waveguide array used to transmit the coupled optical signal, the sub-signal and the target sub-signal;
  • Sparse antenna array connected to the phase shift array, and used for transmitting the target sub-signal to free space.
  • the optical beam splitter performs equal-intensity spectral processing on the coupled optical signal to obtain equal-intensity sub-signals.
  • the phase shift array includes an electrical controller and a plurality of phase shifters, the electrical controller being connected to the plurality of phase shifters:
  • the electrical controller energizes the phase shifter to regulate the temperature of the phase shifter array.
  • the waveguide array is composed of waveguides, and the plurality of phase shifters in the phase shift array include a first phase shifter connected to the electrical controller, the first phase shifter being further connected to the electrical controller.
  • the first waveguide in the waveguide array connects:
  • the first phase shifter When the electrical controller energizes the first phase shifter to regulate the temperature of the first phase shifter, the first phase shifter adjusts the temperature of the first waveguide through its own temperature. Adjustment is performed to adjust the refractive index of the first waveguide, and the first waveguide adjusts the phase of the sub-signal by changing the refractive index.
  • the sparse-array waveguide optical phased array further includes a light source for emitting an optical signal.
  • the optical coupler acquires the optical signal emitted by the light source, and performs coupling processing on the optical signal, so as to couple the optical signal to the waveguide array of the sparse waveguide optical phased array transfer in.
  • the sparse antenna array is composed of a plurality of grating antennas, and the target sub-signals are transmitted into free space along the direction of the grating antennas to perform a wide field of view scanning, wherein the grating antennas are: One-dimensional grating or two-dimensional grating, the target sub-signal is emitted into free space along the direction of the grating antenna, and when scanning with a large field of view, the scanning dimension includes a first dimension and a second dimension.
  • the grating antenna is a one-dimensional grating
  • the one-dimensional gratings are non-uniformly arranged in the sparse antenna array
  • the phase shift array adjusts the phase of the sub-signal to
  • the target sub-signal corresponding to the sub-signal is emitted into the free space along the one-dimensional grating direction, and a large field of view scanning is performed in the first dimension of the scanning dimensions.
  • the grating antenna is a one-dimensional grating
  • the one-dimensional gratings are non-uniformly arranged in the sparse antenna array
  • the light source is an adjustable light source
  • the adjustable light source The wavelength of the sub-signal is adjusted to adjust the emission direction of the target sub-signal corresponding to the sub-signal in the second dimension in the scanning dimension, so that the target sub-signal is free along the one-dimensional grating direction. In-space emission, scanning in the second dimension.
  • the grating antenna is a two-dimensional grating
  • the two-dimensional grating is non-uniformly arranged in the sparse antenna array
  • the phase shift array adjusts the phase of the sub-signal to
  • the target sub-signal corresponding to the sub-signal is emitted into the free space along the two-dimensional grating direction, and a large field of view scanning is performed on the first dimension and the second dimension of the scanning dimensions.
  • a visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array proposed in an embodiment of the present application includes: an optical coupler: used for coupling processing of the acquired optical signal; and an optical beam splitter: used for splitting the optical signal after the coupling processing process to obtain sub-signals; phase-shift array: connected to the optical beam splitter, used to adjust the phase of the sub-signals to obtain the target sub-signals; waveguide array: used for coupling-processed optical signals, all The sub-signal and the target sub-signal are transmitted; the sparse antenna array: connected to the phase shift array, and used for transmitting the target sub-signal to free space.
  • the existing waveguide optical phased arrays that can work in the visible light band have a grating lobe problem when they work in the visible light band, resulting in a limited scanning angle of the waveguide optical phased array.
  • the present application optimizes the array elements of the optical phased array by sparse array, solves the problem of the grating lobe of the waveguide optical phased array in the visible light segment, and improves the scanning angle of the waveguide optical phased array.
  • the above-mentioned visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array is applied to radar. On the premise of meeting the integration requirements of device miniaturization, the field of view of the waveguide optical phased array radar can be greatly improved, and large field of view scanning can be achieved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a scanning angle of the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the scanning angle and resolution of the uniform antenna array in the second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the scanning angle and resolution of the sparse antenna array in the second embodiment of the present application.
  • this embodiment provides a visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array, which can be applied to a laser radar operating in the visible light band to improve the scanning field of view of the laser radar, especially in the application scenario of visible light, can solve the problem of laser light Radar grating lobe problem, to achieve large field of view scanning.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array provided by an embodiment of the present application, which specifically includes:
  • the optical coupler S100 is used to perform coupling processing on the acquired optical signal; the optical beam splitter S200 is used to perform optical splitting processing on the coupled optical signal to obtain sub-signals; the phase shift array S300 is used for splitting the optical signal with the optical signal. connected to a device for adjusting the phase of the sub-signal to obtain a target sub-signal; a waveguide array S400 for transmitting the coupled optical signal, the sub-signal and the target sub-signal; a sparse antenna array S500, connected to the phase shift array, for transmitting the target sub-signal to free space.
  • the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array further includes a light source for emitting optical signals.
  • the light source in this embodiment includes but is not limited to a laser, and a laser is used as an example for description.
  • the sparse-array waveguide optical phased array can be applied to lidar. When applied to lidar, the optical signal emitted by the light source can be used as a scanning signal of lidar after being processed by the visible light sparse-array waveguide optical phased array. After the processing of the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array, the scanning angle of the lidar can be improved, and the scanning of a large field of view can be realized.
  • the optical coupler S100 acquires the laser signal emitted by the laser, and couples the laser signal into the waveguide array S400 to transmit the laser signal.
  • the optical coupler S100 may be a grating coupler or a side coupler, which is not specifically limited herein.
  • the waveguide array S400 takes the commonly used silicon nitride waveguide as an example. After the laser signal is coupled into the silicon nitride waveguide, it is subjected to spectral processing by the optical beam splitter S200 to obtain sub-signals. When the signal is subjected to spectroscopic processing, the laser signal is subjected to equal-intensity beam splitting, and the obtained sub-signals include multiple beams of laser signals of equal intensity.
  • the sub-signals subjected to the spectral processing are transmitted to the phase shift array S300 in the waveguide, and the phase shift array S300 includes a plurality of phase shifters for adjusting the phases of the multi-beam laser signals in the sub-signals subjected to the spectral processing. , get the target sub-signal.
  • the multi-beam laser signals that have undergone spectroscopic processing are parallel signals, after passing through the phase shift array, through the phase control of the phase shifter, the laser signal in the obtained target sub-signal and the optical signal emitted by the light source are not necessarily the same parallel signal.
  • the phase shift array S300 includes an electrical controller connected to the phase shifter. There may be multiple electrical controllers, or only one electrical controller may be provided. When only one electrical controller is provided, multiple electrical controllers may be used.
  • the parallel circuit simultaneously energizes and controls the plurality of phase shifters.
  • the phase shifter in the phase shift array S300 needs to adjust the phase of the laser signal, the phase shifter in the phase shift array S300 is energized by an electrical controller, and the phase shifter raises its own temperature through the heat generated by the energization, wherein,
  • the device that generates heat when the phase shifter is energized may be a thermal resistor or a micro heater, which is not specifically limited herein.
  • the phase shifter in the phase shift array S300 is connected to the waveguides in the waveguide array, and one of the preferred connection methods is, as shown in Figure 1, to connect the waveguide array and the phase shift array in an up-and-down overlapping manner, and the waveguide array is at the bottom. , the phase shift array is above the waveguide array.
  • the temperature of the phase shifter increases, the temperature of the waveguide is regulated by heat transfer or thermal radiation.
  • the temperature of the waveguide changes, its refractive index to the optical signal also varies with The change occurs, thereby changing the emission direction of the laser signal transmitted in the waveguide, and realizing the phase control of the laser signal transmitted in the waveguide.
  • the electrical signal (including but not limited to voltage signal and current signal) generated by the electric controller can control the power-on duration of the phase shifter, or control the phase shifter.
  • the magnitude of the voltage or current when the array is energized controls the temperature of the phase shifter, which in turn controls the refractive index of the waveguide. Control the power-on duration, including but not limited to controlling the pulse width of the pulse signal.
  • the sparse antenna array S500 is a sparse array composed of a plurality of grating antennas, which is used to transmit the target sub-signal obtained by phase control to the free space.
  • the grating antenna can be a grating or a two-dimensional grating.
  • Multiple grating antennas are non-uniformly distributed in a sparse array.
  • the distribution distance between the grating antennas in the sparse array is greater than that between the grating antennas in the uniform array.
  • the distance can improve the antenna resolution.
  • the number of grating antennas in a sparse array is less than that in a uniform array, that is, by reducing the number of grating antennas in a uniform array, the array element distribution can be optimized and the grating lobe problems while reducing costs.
  • the sparse antenna array S500 is used to transmit the target sub-signal into the free space, wherein the laser emits the laser signal to be processed, and the optical coupler couples the laser signal to the laser after receiving the laser signal from the laser.
  • the laser signal emitted by the laser is divided into multiple beams of laser signals with equal intensity, and the beams are split to the corresponding laser signals in the waveguide.
  • Each optical path is transmitted to the phase shift array.
  • the phase shifter in the phase shift array regulates the phase of multiple laser signals of equal intensity in the sub-signal to obtain the target sub-signal.
  • the sparse antenna array transmits the target sub-signal into free space. middle.
  • the target sub-signal transmitted into the free space can change the emission direction in two dimensions to achieve a large field of view scanning in two dimensions.
  • the target sub-signal When the target sub-signal is transmitted into the free space, it will A scanning spot is formed on the obstacle.
  • the direction of the target sub-signal forming the scanning spot in free space is not fixed relative to the laser signal emitted by the laser, as shown in FIG. 2 , a schematic diagram of the scanning angle of a laser signal, in FIG. , the grating antenna in the sparse-array waveguide optical phased array is a one-dimensional grating, and the X-axis direction is the propagation direction of the laser signal in the grating antenna waveguide.
  • the direction perpendicular to the X-axis is the Y-axis direction
  • the ray passing through point O and perpendicular to the plane where the X and Y axes are located is the direction of vertical emission of the grating antenna
  • the angles corresponding to the angles ⁇ and ⁇ are the target sub-signals emitted into the free space in the two scanning dimensions.
  • a scan angle of a scan angle of .
  • the scanning dimension and scanning angle shown in FIG. 2 may be different, but they are all included in this application. within the scope of patent protection.
  • a visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array including: an optical coupler: used to couple and process the acquired optical signal; and an optical beam splitter: used to couple the processed optical signal Perform spectroscopic processing to obtain sub-signals; phase shift array: connected to the optical beam splitter, used for regulating the phase of the sub-signals to obtain target sub-signals; waveguide array: used for the optical signals, all The sub-signal and the target sub-signal are transmitted; the sparse antenna array: connected to the phase shift array, and used for transmitting the target sub-signal to free space.
  • the grating lobe problem of the waveguide optical phased array is solved, thereby improving the scanning angle of the waveguide optical phased array. If the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array is applied to Radar, on the premise of meeting the integration requirements of device miniaturization, can greatly improve the scanning field of view of the waveguide optical phased array radar and realize large field of view scanning.
  • the sparse antenna array S500 is composed of multiple grating antennas, and each grating antenna is an antenna unit.
  • the antenna units are non-uniformly arranged, and the antenna unit may be a one-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional grating. grating.
  • the sparse waveguide optical phased array of the present application is applied to a lidar, taking the laser signal, sub-signal and target sub-signal in the above embodiment as an example, when the antenna unit is a one-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional grating, the target sub-signal All can launch into free space along the direction of the grating antenna, realize the large field of view scanning of the lidar in two dimensions, realize the functions such as ranging and speed measurement, and can also build a three-dimensional model of the object.
  • the antenna unit when the antenna unit is a one-dimensional grating, in order to achieve a large field of view scanning in two dimensions, it is necessary to adjust the emission directions of the target sub-signal in the two dimensions, and one scanning dimension is adjusted by adjusting the target sub-signal.
  • the wavelength of the signal adjusts its emission direction, and the other dimension directly adjusts its emission direction by adjusting the phase.
  • the light source in the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array is an adjustable light source, and the adjustable light source is used to change the wavelength of the laser signal to be processed, thereby changing the wavelength of the target sub-signal.
  • the phase adjustment is used to change the emission direction of the target sub-signal, that is, the phase of the sub-signal obtained by the optical beam splitter is adjusted by the phase shift array and the waveguide array to obtain the target sub-signal, so as to obtain the target sub-signal. Change the direction of the target sub-signal emitted into the free space along the grating antenna, and realize the large field of view scanning of the lidar in another dimension.
  • the antenna unit is a two-dimensional grating
  • the target sub-signal is transmitted to the free space along the direction of the grating antenna, there are two transmission dimensions, and through the phase shift array and the waveguide array, the two-dimensional grating antenna can be transmitted in two dimensions.
  • the phase of the laser signal is regulated, thereby realizing the large field of view scanning of the lidar in two dimensions.
  • the target sub-signal can be realized by adjusting the wavelength and phase of the target sub-signal emitted by the visible light sparse-array waveguide optical phased array into free space. Angular scan of the signal in two dimensions.
  • the wavelength of the optical signal by adjusting the wavelength of the optical signal, the emission direction of the optical signal finally emitted into the free space by the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array is adjusted, wherein the light source in the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array is a tunable light source, The wavelength of the optical signal emitted by the tunable light source can be adjusted.
  • the antenna elements formed by the one-dimensional grating are non-uniformly arranged, and the change of the wavelength makes the target sub-signal go along the direction of the one-dimensional grating.
  • the target sub-signals described in this embodiment are the same as those in the above-mentioned embodiments, all of which are laser signals emitted by lasers that undergo coupling processing by optical couplers, equal-intensity splitting processing by optical beam splitters, and phase shift arrays.
  • the target sub-signal obtained by the phase-shift processing.
  • the process of wavelength adjustment is: changing the wavelength of the emitted laser signal through the adjustable light source, thereby changing the wavelength of the sub-signal, and changing the wavelength of the sub-signal corresponding to the sub-signal the emission direction of the target sub-signal, and then change the scanning angle of the waveguide optical phased array in one of the scanning dimensions. It can be known that when the adjustable range of the wavelength of the optical signal emitted by the tunable light source is large, the target sub-signal is in the Large field of view scanning can be achieved in this dimension.
  • phase shift array adjusts the emission direction of the optical signal finally emitted into the free space by the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array.
  • Equation 1 For a uniform waveguide optical phased array composed of uniformly distributed one-dimensional gratings, the scanning azimuth of the optical signal along the grating antenna direction in the antenna array is shown in the following formula (Equation 1):
  • d is the spacing between the grating antennas
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the laser signal
  • ⁇ is the phase difference between the grating antennas
  • the spacing between the antennas cannot be less than half the wavelength of the laser signal, so grating lobes will appear.
  • um the field of view of the uniform waveguide optical phased array antenna is calculated to be 20.7°.
  • the sparse array can remove part of the antenna elements from the antenna array without changing the spacing of the antenna array, thereby optimizing the distribution of the array elements, thereby eliminating the grating lobes and improving the field of view of the waveguide optical phased array antenna.
  • the average spacing of the antenna elements in the sparse array is larger than that of the uniform array, and in the case of the same array elements, the overall aperture of the sparse array antenna will increase, which can improve the resolution of the antenna.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams of scanning angles.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the scanning angle of an optical phased array of a uniform array.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the scanning angle of an optical phased array of a sparse array.
  • the left image It is a schematic diagram of the field of view, and the right picture is a schematic diagram of the resolution.
  • the field of view of the uniform array antenna is about 20°, and the resolution is about 0.26°
  • Figure 4 the field of view of the sparse array antenna is Close to 180°, the resolution is about 0.074°.
  • the grating antenna constituting the sparse antenna array may be a one-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional grating.
  • the antenna unit is increased by reducing the number of antenna units.
  • the average spacing between the antenna elements can be optimized to improve the resolution of the antenna elements in the sparse antenna array; or, in the case of the same number of antenna elements, the average spacing between the antenna elements can be increased, thereby increasing the sparse antenna array.
  • the overall aperture is improved, thereby improving the resolution of the antenna unit in the sparse antenna array, and at the same time improving the scanning angle of the waveguide optical phased array.

Abstract

A visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array, comprising: an optical coupler (S100), configured to perform coupling processing on an obtained optical signal; a beam splitter (S200), configured to perform light splitting processing on the optical signal subjected to coupling processing to obtain a sub-signal; a phase shift array (S300), connected to the beam splitter (S200), and configured to regulate the phase of the sub-signal to obtain a target sub-signal; a waveguide array (S400), configured to transmit the optical signal subjected to the coupling processing, the sub-signal and the target sub-signal; and a sparse antenna array (S500), connected to the phase shift array (S300) and configured to scatter the target sub signal to a free space.

Description

一种可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵A Visible Light Sparse Array Waveguide Optical Phased Array
本申请要求于2021年3月8日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110253601.3、申请名称为“一种可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。This application claims the priority of the Chinese patent application with the application number 202110253601.3 and the application title "A Visible Light Sparse Array Waveguide Optical Phased Array" filed with the China Patent Office on March 8, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference in in this application.
技术领域technical field
本申请涉及光电子器件领域，尤其涉及一种可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵。The present application relates to the field of optoelectronic devices, in particular to a visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array.
背景技术Background technique
传统商用激光雷达一般采用机械旋转的方式进行扫描，***复杂、扫描速度慢，且重量、体积大，不利于集成，因此无法满足器件小型化要求。液晶相控阵雷达扫描速度慢，不利于集成，也无法满足器件小型化需求。基于微机电***的光学相控阵虽然扫描速度快，但是扫描角度有限。而波导光学相控阵雷达扫描速度快，且可实现高度集成化，是最有前途的全固态激光雷达方案。Traditional commercial lidars generally use mechanical rotation for scanning. The system is complex, the scanning speed is slow, and the weight and volume are large, which is not conducive to integration, so it cannot meet the requirements of device miniaturization. The scanning speed of liquid crystal phased array radar is slow, which is not conducive to integration and cannot meet the requirements of device miniaturization. Although the optical phased array based on MEMS has a fast scanning speed, the scanning angle is limited. The waveguide optical phased array radar has a fast scanning speed and can achieve a high degree of integration. It is the most promising all-solid-state lidar solution.
目前，基于绝缘体上硅的光学相控阵雷达由于硅材料的吸收特性，只能工作在大于1100nm的波长，无法工作在可见光波段，因此，在某些可见光场景中的应用受到限制。常用的可以工作在可见光波段的波导光学相控阵雷达，由于波导光串扰的影响，天线之间的间距无法满足小于工作波长的一半，当增大天线之间的间距时，会出现栅瓣问题，从而限制了波导光学相控阵雷达的扫描角度，过小的扫描角度限制了波导光学相控阵雷达的应用和发展。At present, the optical phased array radar based on silicon-on-insulator can only work at wavelengths greater than 1100 nm due to the absorption characteristics of silicon materials, and cannot work in the visible light band. Therefore, its application in some visible light scenarios is limited. The commonly used waveguide optical phased array radar that can work in the visible light band, due to the influence of the waveguide light crosstalk, the spacing between the antennas cannot be less than half of the working wavelength. When the spacing between the antennas is increased, there will be a grating lobe problem. , which limits the scanning angle of the waveguide optical phased array radar, and the too small scanning angle limits the application and development of the waveguide optical phased array radar.
申请内容Application content
本申请的主要目的在于提供一种可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵，通过稀疏阵优化波导光学相控阵中的阵元分布，在满足器件小型化的集成需求的条件下，扩大光学相控阵天线的扫描角度，旨在解决现有的波导光学相控阵雷达扫描角度过小的技术问题。The main purpose of the present application is to provide a visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array, which optimizes the array element distribution in the waveguide optical phased array through the sparse array, and expands the optical phased array under the condition that the integration requirements of device miniaturization are met. The scanning angle of the antenna is designed to solve the technical problem that the scanning angle of the existing waveguide optical phased array radar is too small.
本申请为解决其技术问题采用的技术方案如下：The technical scheme adopted by this application for solving its technical problems is as follows:
一种可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵，包括：A visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array, comprising:
光耦合器：用于对获取的光信号进行耦合处理；Optical coupler: used to couple the acquired optical signal;
光分束器：用于对经过耦合处理的光信号进行分光处理，得到子信号；Optical beam splitter: used for splitting the coupled optical signal to obtain sub-signals;
相移阵列：与所述光分束器连接，用于对所述子信号的相位进行调控，得到目标子信号；Phase shift array: connected to the optical beam splitter, for adjusting the phase of the sub-signal to obtain the target sub-signal;
波导阵列：用于对经过耦合处理的光信号、所述子信号以及所述目标子信号进行传输；Waveguide array: used to transmit the coupled optical signal, the sub-signal and the target sub-signal;
稀疏天线阵列：与所述相移阵列连接，用于向自由空间发射所述目标子信号。Sparse antenna array: connected to the phase shift array, and used for transmitting the target sub-signal to free space.
在一实施例中，所述光分束器对经过耦合处理的光信号进行等强度的分光处理，得到等强度的子信号。In an embodiment, the optical beam splitter performs equal-intensity spectral processing on the coupled optical signal to obtain equal-intensity sub-signals.
在一实施例中，所述相移阵列包括电控制器和多个相移器，所述电控制器与所述多个相移器连接：In one embodiment, the phase shift array includes an electrical controller and a plurality of phase shifters, the electrical controller being connected to the plurality of phase shifters:
所述电控制器向所述相移器通电，以对所述相移器阵列的温度进行调控。The electrical controller energizes the phase shifter to regulate the temperature of the phase shifter array.
在一实施例中，所述波导阵列由波导构成，所述相移阵列中的多个相移器包括与所述电控制器连接的第一相移器，所述第一相移器还与所述波导阵列中的第一波导连接：In one embodiment, the waveguide array is composed of waveguides, and the plurality of phase shifters in the phase shift array include a first phase shifter connected to the electrical controller, the first phase shifter being further connected to the electrical controller. The first waveguide in the waveguide array connects:
当所述电控制器向所述第一相移器通电，以对所述第一相移器的温度进行调控时，所述第一相移器通过自身温度对所述第一波导的温度进行调控，以调节所述第一波导的折射率，所述第一波导通过改变折射率对所述子信号的相位进行调控。When the electrical controller energizes the first phase shifter to regulate the temperature of the first phase shifter, the first phase shifter adjusts the temperature of the first waveguide through its own temperature. Adjustment is performed to adjust the refractive index of the first waveguide, and the first waveguide adjusts the phase of the sub-signal by changing the refractive index.
在一实施例中，所述稀疏阵波导光学相控阵还包括光源，所述光源用于发射光信号。In one embodiment, the sparse-array waveguide optical phased array further includes a light source for emitting an optical signal.
在一实施例中，所述光耦合器获取所述光源发射的光信号，并对所述光信号进行耦合处理，以将所述光信号耦合到所述稀疏阵波导光学相控阵的波导阵列中进行传输。In an embodiment, the optical coupler acquires the optical signal emitted by the light source, and performs coupling processing on the optical signal, so as to couple the optical signal to the waveguide array of the sparse waveguide optical phased array transfer in.
在一实施例中，所述稀疏天线阵列由多根光栅天线构成，所述目标子信号沿着所述光栅天线的方向向自由空间内发射，进行大视场扫描，其中，所述光栅天线为一维光栅或者二维光栅，所述目标子信号在沿着所述光栅天线的方向向自由空间内发射，进行大视场扫描时，扫描维度包括第一维度和第 二维度。In an embodiment, the sparse antenna array is composed of a plurality of grating antennas, and the target sub-signals are transmitted into free space along the direction of the grating antennas to perform a wide field of view scanning, wherein the grating antennas are: One-dimensional grating or two-dimensional grating, the target sub-signal is emitted into free space along the direction of the grating antenna, and when scanning with a large field of view, the scanning dimension includes a first dimension and a second dimension.
在一实施例中，若所述光栅天线为一维光栅，所述一维光栅在所述稀疏天线阵列中为非均匀排布，所述相移阵列对所述子信号的相位进行调节，以使与所述子信号对应的目标子信号沿着所述一维光栅方向向自由空间内发射，在所述扫描维度中的第一维度上进行大视场扫描。In an embodiment, if the grating antenna is a one-dimensional grating, the one-dimensional gratings are non-uniformly arranged in the sparse antenna array, and the phase shift array adjusts the phase of the sub-signal to The target sub-signal corresponding to the sub-signal is emitted into the free space along the one-dimensional grating direction, and a large field of view scanning is performed in the first dimension of the scanning dimensions.
在一实施例中，若所述光栅天线为一维光栅，所述一维光栅在所述稀疏天线阵列中为非均匀排布，所述光源为可调光源，所述可调光源对所述子信号的波长进行调控，以调节与所述子信号对应的目标子信号在所述扫描维度中的第二维度上的发射方向，使所述目标子信号沿着所述一维光栅方向向自由空间内发射，在所述第二维度上进行扫描。In one embodiment, if the grating antenna is a one-dimensional grating, the one-dimensional gratings are non-uniformly arranged in the sparse antenna array, the light source is an adjustable light source, and the adjustable light source The wavelength of the sub-signal is adjusted to adjust the emission direction of the target sub-signal corresponding to the sub-signal in the second dimension in the scanning dimension, so that the target sub-signal is free along the one-dimensional grating direction. In-space emission, scanning in the second dimension.
在一实施例中，若所述光栅天线为二维光栅，所述二维光栅在所述稀疏天线阵列中为非均匀排布，所述相移阵列对所述子信号的相位进行调节，以使与所述子信号对应的目标子信号沿着所述二维光栅方向向自由空间内发射，在所述扫描维度中的第一维度和第二维度上进行大视场扫描。In one embodiment, if the grating antenna is a two-dimensional grating, the two-dimensional grating is non-uniformly arranged in the sparse antenna array, and the phase shift array adjusts the phase of the sub-signal to The target sub-signal corresponding to the sub-signal is emitted into the free space along the two-dimensional grating direction, and a large field of view scanning is performed on the first dimension and the second dimension of the scanning dimensions.
本申请实施例提出的一种可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵，包括：光耦合器：用于对获取的光信号进行耦合处理；光分束器：用于对经过耦合处理的光信号进行分光处理，得到子信号；相移阵列：与所述光分束器连接，用于对所述子信号的相位进行调控，得到目标子信号；波导阵列：用于对经过耦合处理的光信号、所述子信号以及所述目标子信号进行传输；稀疏天线阵列：与所述相移阵列连接，用于向自由空间发射所述目标子信号。现有的可工作在可见光波段的波导光学相控阵，工作在可见光波段时会出现栅瓣问题，导致波导光学相控阵的扫描角度有限。与现有技术相比，本申请通过稀疏阵优化光学相控阵的阵元，解决了波导光学相控阵在可见光段的栅瓣问题，提升了波导光学相控阵的扫描角度，若将所述可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵应用于雷达，在满足器件小型化的集成需求的前提下，能够大大提升波导光学相控阵雷达的视场，实现大视场扫描。A visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array proposed in an embodiment of the present application includes: an optical coupler: used for coupling processing of the acquired optical signal; and an optical beam splitter: used for splitting the optical signal after the coupling processing process to obtain sub-signals; phase-shift array: connected to the optical beam splitter, used to adjust the phase of the sub-signals to obtain the target sub-signals; waveguide array: used for coupling-processed optical signals, all The sub-signal and the target sub-signal are transmitted; the sparse antenna array: connected to the phase shift array, and used for transmitting the target sub-signal to free space. The existing waveguide optical phased arrays that can work in the visible light band have a grating lobe problem when they work in the visible light band, resulting in a limited scanning angle of the waveguide optical phased array. Compared with the prior art, the present application optimizes the array elements of the optical phased array by sparse array, solves the problem of the grating lobe of the waveguide optical phased array in the visible light segment, and improves the scanning angle of the waveguide optical phased array. The above-mentioned visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array is applied to radar. On the premise of meeting the integration requirements of device miniaturization, the field of view of the waveguide optical phased array radar can be greatly improved, and large field of view scanning can be achieved.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵的结构示意图；1 is a schematic structural diagram of a visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵的一种扫描角度示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of a scanning angle of the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array of the present application;
图3为本申请第二实施例中的均匀天线阵列的扫描角度和分辨率示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of the scanning angle and resolution of the uniform antenna array in the second embodiment of the present application;
图4为本申请第二实施例中的稀疏天线阵列的扫描角度和分辨率示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the scanning angle and resolution of the sparse antenna array in the second embodiment of the present application.
本申请目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。The realization, functional characteristics and advantages of the purpose of the present application will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, but not to limit the present application.
目前，已有的激光雷达已经满足在可见光波段下工作，但是，由于激光雷达中的光学相控阵的扫描角度有限，当激光雷达工作在可见光波段时，常常会出现栅瓣，且扫描角度小。基于上述问题，本实施例提供一种可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵，可以应用于工作在可见光波段的激光雷达，提升激光雷达的扫描视场，特别是在可见光的应用场景中，能够解决激光雷达的栅瓣问题，实现大视场扫描。At present, the existing laser radars have been satisfied to work in the visible light band. However, due to the limited scanning angle of the optical phased array in the laser radar, when the laser radar works in the visible light band, grating lobes often appear, and the scanning angle is small. . Based on the above problems, this embodiment provides a visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array, which can be applied to a laser radar operating in the visible light band to improve the scanning field of view of the laser radar, especially in the application scenario of visible light, can solve the problem of laser light Radar grating lobe problem, to achieve large field of view scanning.
参照图1，图1是本申请实施例说提供的一种可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵的结构示意图，具体包括：Referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array provided by an embodiment of the present application, which specifically includes:
光耦合器S100，用于对获取的光信号进行耦合处理；光分束器S200，用于对经过耦合处理的光信号进行分光处理，得到子信号；相移阵列S300，与所述光分束器连接，用于对所述子信号的相位进行调控，得到目标子信号；波导阵列S400，用于对经过耦合处理的光信号、所述子信号以及所述目标子信号进行传输；稀疏天线阵列S500，与所述相移阵列连接，用于向自由空间发射所述目标子信号。The optical coupler S100 is used to perform coupling processing on the acquired optical signal; the optical beam splitter S200 is used to perform optical splitting processing on the coupled optical signal to obtain sub-signals; the phase shift array S300 is used for splitting the optical signal with the optical signal. connected to a device for adjusting the phase of the sub-signal to obtain a target sub-signal; a waveguide array S400 for transmitting the coupled optical signal, the sub-signal and the target sub-signal; a sparse antenna array S500, connected to the phase shift array, for transmitting the target sub-signal to free space.
在一实施例中，所述可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵还包括光源，用于发射光信号，本实施例中的光源包括但不限于激光器，以激光器为例进行说明。所述稀疏阵波导光学相控阵可以应用于激光雷达，当应用于激光雷达时，光源发出的光信号通过可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵处理之后，可以作为激光雷达的扫描信号，该扫描信号经过可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵的处理，可以提高激光雷达的扫描角度，实现大视场扫描，用于测速、测距，以及获取自由空间内物体的三维模型。In an embodiment, the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array further includes a light source for emitting optical signals. The light source in this embodiment includes but is not limited to a laser, and a laser is used as an example for description. The sparse-array waveguide optical phased array can be applied to lidar. When applied to lidar, the optical signal emitted by the light source can be used as a scanning signal of lidar after being processed by the visible light sparse-array waveguide optical phased array. After the processing of the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array, the scanning angle of the lidar can be improved, and the scanning of a large field of view can be realized.
本实施例中，当激光器发射出激光信号后，光耦合器S100获取到激光器 发射出的激光信号，并将激光信号耦合到波导阵列S400中，以对激光信号进行传输，在本实施例中，光耦合器S100可以是光栅耦合器，也可以是边耦合器，在此不作具体限定。In this embodiment, after the laser emits a laser signal, the optical coupler S100 acquires the laser signal emitted by the laser, and couples the laser signal into the waveguide array S400 to transmit the laser signal. In this embodiment, The optical coupler S100 may be a grating coupler or a side coupler, which is not specifically limited herein.
波导阵列S400以常用的氮化硅波导为例，当激光信号被耦合到氮化硅波导中后，被光分束器S200进行分光处理，得到子信号，其中，光分束器S400在对激光信号进行分光处理时，是对激光信号进行等强度分束，得到的子信号中包括多束等强度的激光信号。The waveguide array S400 takes the commonly used silicon nitride waveguide as an example. After the laser signal is coupled into the silicon nitride waveguide, it is subjected to spectral processing by the optical beam splitter S200 to obtain sub-signals. When the signal is subjected to spectroscopic processing, the laser signal is subjected to equal-intensity beam splitting, and the obtained sub-signals include multiple beams of laser signals of equal intensity.
经过分光处理的子信号在波导中，被传输到相移阵列S300中，相移阵列S300中包括多个相移器，用于对经过分光处理的子信号中的多束激光信号的相位进行调控，得到目标子信号。例如，若经过分光处理的多束激光信号为平行信号，则在经过相移阵列后，通过相移器的相位调控，得到的目标子信号中的激光信号与光源发射出的光信号不一定是平行信号。The sub-signals subjected to the spectral processing are transmitted to the phase shift array S300 in the waveguide, and the phase shift array S300 includes a plurality of phase shifters for adjusting the phases of the multi-beam laser signals in the sub-signals subjected to the spectral processing. , get the target sub-signal. For example, if the multi-beam laser signals that have undergone spectroscopic processing are parallel signals, after passing through the phase shift array, through the phase control of the phase shifter, the laser signal in the obtained target sub-signal and the optical signal emitted by the light source are not necessarily the same parallel signal.
在一实施例中，相移阵列S300中，包括与相移器连接的电控制器，电控制器可以有多个，也可以只设置一个，当只设置一个电控制器时，可以通过多个并行电路同时对多个相移器进行通电控制。当相移阵列S300中的相移器需要对激光信号的相位进行调控时，利用电控制器对相移阵列S300中的相移器通电，相移器通过通电产生的热量提升自身温度，其中，在对相移器通电时产生热量的装置可以是热电阻，也可以是微加热器，在此不做具体限定。相移阵列S300中的相移器与波导阵列中的波导连接，其中一种优选的连接方式为，如图1中所示的，将波导阵列与相移阵列进行上下重叠式连接，波导阵列在下，相移阵列在波导阵列的上方，当相移器温度升高时，通过热传递或热辐射，对波导的温度进行调控，当波导的温度发生变化时，其对光信号的折射率也随之发生变化，从而改变波导中传输的激光信号的发射方向，实现对波导中传输的激光信号的相位调控。In one embodiment, the phase shift array S300 includes an electrical controller connected to the phase shifter. There may be multiple electrical controllers, or only one electrical controller may be provided. When only one electrical controller is provided, multiple electrical controllers may be used. The parallel circuit simultaneously energizes and controls the plurality of phase shifters. When the phase shifter in the phase shift array S300 needs to adjust the phase of the laser signal, the phase shifter in the phase shift array S300 is energized by an electrical controller, and the phase shifter raises its own temperature through the heat generated by the energization, wherein, The device that generates heat when the phase shifter is energized may be a thermal resistor or a micro heater, which is not specifically limited herein. The phase shifter in the phase shift array S300 is connected to the waveguides in the waveguide array, and one of the preferred connection methods is, as shown in Figure 1, to connect the waveguide array and the phase shift array in an up-and-down overlapping manner, and the waveguide array is at the bottom. , the phase shift array is above the waveguide array. When the temperature of the phase shifter increases, the temperature of the waveguide is regulated by heat transfer or thermal radiation. When the temperature of the waveguide changes, its refractive index to the optical signal also varies with The change occurs, thereby changing the emission direction of the laser signal transmitted in the waveguide, and realizing the phase control of the laser signal transmitted in the waveguide.
在一实施例中，在对相移器进行通电加热时，可以通过电控制器产生的电信号(包括但不限于电压信号和电流信号)控制对相移器的通电时长，或者控制对相移阵列通电时的电压或电流的大小，来控制相移器的温度，进而控制波导的折射率。对通电时长进行控制，包括但不限于通过脉冲信号的脉宽进行控制。In one embodiment, when the phase shifter is energized and heated, the electrical signal (including but not limited to voltage signal and current signal) generated by the electric controller can control the power-on duration of the phase shifter, or control the phase shifter. The magnitude of the voltage or current when the array is energized controls the temperature of the phase shifter, which in turn controls the refractive index of the waveguide. Control the power-on duration, including but not limited to controlling the pulse width of the pulse signal.
当相移阵列S300对子信号的相位进行调控，得到目标子信号后，得到的 目标子信号被传输到稀疏天线阵列S500中，并被稀疏天线阵列S500发射。其中，稀疏天线阵列S500是由多根光栅天线构成的稀疏阵列，用于向自由空间发射通过相位调控得到的目标子信号，其中，光栅天线可以是以为光栅，也可以是二维光栅，在此不作具体限定。多根光栅天线在稀疏阵列中是非均匀分布的，相比于均匀阵列，一方面，在光栅天线数量相同的情况下，稀疏阵的光栅天线之间的分布距离大于均匀阵中光栅天线之间的距离，能够提升天线分辨率。另一方面，在阵列布局面积相同的情况下，稀疏阵列中光栅天线的数量要少于均匀阵列，也即，可以通过减少均匀阵中的光栅天线的数量，优化阵元分布，在解决栅瓣问题的同时，降低成本。When the phase shift array S300 regulates the phase of the sub-signal, after obtaining the target sub-signal, the obtained target sub-signal is transmitted to the sparse antenna array S500, and is transmitted by the sparse antenna array S500. Among them, the sparse antenna array S500 is a sparse array composed of a plurality of grating antennas, which is used to transmit the target sub-signal obtained by phase control to the free space. The grating antenna can be a grating or a two-dimensional grating. Here There is no specific limitation. Multiple grating antennas are non-uniformly distributed in a sparse array. Compared with a uniform array, on the one hand, when the number of grating antennas is the same, the distribution distance between the grating antennas in the sparse array is greater than that between the grating antennas in the uniform array. The distance can improve the antenna resolution. On the other hand, in the case of the same array layout area, the number of grating antennas in a sparse array is less than that in a uniform array, that is, by reducing the number of grating antennas in a uniform array, the array element distribution can be optimized and the grating lobe problems while reducing costs.
在一实施例中，稀疏天线阵列S500用于将目标子信号发射到自由空间中，其中，由激光器发射待处理的激光信号，光耦合器接收到激光器发出的激光信号后，将激光信号耦合到氮化硅波导中，并传输到光分束器中，通过光分束器的分光处理，将激光器发射出的激光信号等强度的分束为多束激光信号，并分束到波导中对应的各个光路中传输至相移阵列，相移阵列中的相移器对子信号中的多束等强度的激光信号的相位进行调控，得到目标子信号，稀疏天线阵列将目标子信号发射到自由空间中。被发射到自由空间中的目标子信号，可以在两个维度上改变发射方向，实现两个维度的大视场扫描，当目标子信号被发射到自由空间中后，若遇到障碍物，会在障碍物上形成一个扫描光斑。In one embodiment, the sparse antenna array S500 is used to transmit the target sub-signal into the free space, wherein the laser emits the laser signal to be processed, and the optical coupler couples the laser signal to the laser after receiving the laser signal from the laser. In the silicon nitride waveguide, and transmitted to the optical beam splitter, through the optical splitting processing of the optical beam splitter, the laser signal emitted by the laser is divided into multiple beams of laser signals with equal intensity, and the beams are split to the corresponding laser signals in the waveguide. Each optical path is transmitted to the phase shift array. The phase shifter in the phase shift array regulates the phase of multiple laser signals of equal intensity in the sub-signal to obtain the target sub-signal. The sparse antenna array transmits the target sub-signal into free space. middle. The target sub-signal transmitted into the free space can change the emission direction in two dimensions to achieve a large field of view scanning in two dimensions. When the target sub-signal is transmitted into the free space, it will A scanning spot is formed on the obstacle.
在一实施例中，在自由空间中形成扫描光斑的目标子信号相对于激光器发射出的激光信号的方向不是固定的，如图2所示的一种激光信号的扫描角度示意图，在图2中，稀疏阵波导光学相控阵中的光栅天线为一维光栅，X轴方向为激光信号在光栅天线波导中的传播方向，定义波导阵列所在的平面中，与X轴垂直的方向为Y轴方向，过点O且垂直于X轴和Y轴所在的平面的射线，为光栅天线垂直发射的方向，角ψ、θ对应的角度分别是被发射到自由空间的目标子信号在两个扫描维度上的一个扫描角度。在一实施例中，根据可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵中各部件的具体连接方式，以及光栅天线的不同，图2中所示的扫描维度及扫描角度可能产生差异，但都包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。In one embodiment, the direction of the target sub-signal forming the scanning spot in free space is not fixed relative to the laser signal emitted by the laser, as shown in FIG. 2 , a schematic diagram of the scanning angle of a laser signal, in FIG. , the grating antenna in the sparse-array waveguide optical phased array is a one-dimensional grating, and the X-axis direction is the propagation direction of the laser signal in the grating antenna waveguide. In the plane where the waveguide array is defined, the direction perpendicular to the X-axis is the Y-axis direction , the ray passing through point O and perpendicular to the plane where the X and Y axes are located is the direction of vertical emission of the grating antenna, and the angles corresponding to the angles ψ and θ are the target sub-signals emitted into the free space in the two scanning dimensions. a scan angle of . In an embodiment, according to the specific connection method of each component in the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array and the difference of the grating antenna, the scanning dimension and scanning angle shown in FIG. 2 may be different, but they are all included in this application. within the scope of patent protection.
在本实施例中，公开了一种可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵，包括：光耦 合器：用于对获取的光信号进行耦合处理；光分束器：用于对经过耦合处理的光信号进行分光处理，得到子信号；相移阵列：与所述光分束器连接，用于对所述子信号的相位进行调控，得到目标子信号；波导阵列：用于对所述光信号、所述子信号以及所述目标子信号进行传输；稀疏天线阵列：与所述相移阵列连接，用于向自由空间发射所述目标子信号。通过稀疏阵优化光学相控阵的阵元，解决了波导光学相控阵的栅瓣问题，从而提高了波导光学相控阵的扫描角度，若将所述可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵应用于雷达，在满足器件小型化的集成需求的前提下，能够大大提升波导光学相控阵雷达的扫描视场，实现大视场扫描。In this embodiment, a visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array is disclosed, including: an optical coupler: used to couple and process the acquired optical signal; and an optical beam splitter: used to couple the processed optical signal Perform spectroscopic processing to obtain sub-signals; phase shift array: connected to the optical beam splitter, used for regulating the phase of the sub-signals to obtain target sub-signals; waveguide array: used for the optical signals, all The sub-signal and the target sub-signal are transmitted; the sparse antenna array: connected to the phase shift array, and used for transmitting the target sub-signal to free space. By optimizing the array elements of the optical phased array through the sparse array, the grating lobe problem of the waveguide optical phased array is solved, thereby improving the scanning angle of the waveguide optical phased array. If the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array is applied to Radar, on the premise of meeting the integration requirements of device miniaturization, can greatly improve the scanning field of view of the waveguide optical phased array radar and realize large field of view scanning.
在一实施例中，在上述实施例的基础上，提出本申请可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵的另一实施，本实施例是对上述实施例中，稀疏天线阵列S500的细化，在一实施例中：In one embodiment, on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, another implementation of the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array of the present application is proposed. This embodiment is a refinement of the sparse antenna array S500 in the above-mentioned embodiment. In the example:
稀疏天线阵列S500由多根光栅天线构成，每一根光栅天线为一个天线单元，在稀疏天线阵列S500中，天线单元为非均匀排布，该天线单元可以是一维光栅，也可以是二维光栅。当本申请的稀疏阵波导光学相控阵应用于激光雷达时，以上述实施例中的激光信号、子信号以及目标子信号为例，天线单元为一维光栅或者二维光栅时，目标子信号都可以沿着光栅天线的方向向自由空间发射，实现激光雷达在两个维度上的大视场扫描，实现测距和测速等功能的同时，还可以构建物体的三维模型。The sparse antenna array S500 is composed of multiple grating antennas, and each grating antenna is an antenna unit. In the sparse antenna array S500, the antenna units are non-uniformly arranged, and the antenna unit may be a one-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional grating. grating. When the sparse waveguide optical phased array of the present application is applied to a lidar, taking the laser signal, sub-signal and target sub-signal in the above embodiment as an example, when the antenna unit is a one-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional grating, the target sub-signal All can launch into free space along the direction of the grating antenna, realize the large field of view scanning of the lidar in two dimensions, realize the functions such as ranging and speed measurement, and can also build a three-dimensional model of the object.
在一实施例中，当天线单元为一维光栅时，若要实现两个维度上的大视场扫描，需要调节目标子信号在两个维度上的发射方向，其中一个扫描维度通过调节目标子信号的波长调节其发射方向，另一个维度上直接通过调节相位调节其发射方向。在一实施例中，利用波长调控时，可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵中的光源为可调光源，利用可调光源改变发射待处理的激光信号的波长，从而改变目标子信号的波长，当目标子信号的波长改变时，其发射方向也随之变化，从而可以实现在激光雷达两个扫描维度的其中一个维度上，进行大视场扫描。在激光雷达的另一个扫描维度上，利用相位调节来改变目标子信号的发射方向，即通过相移阵列和波导阵列对经过光分束器得到的子信号的相位进行调控得到目标子信号，从而改变目标子信号沿着光栅天线向 自由空间内发射的方向，实现激光雷达在另一个维度上的大视场扫描。当天线单元为二维光栅时，目标子信号沿着光栅天线的方向向自由空间发射时，存在两个发射维度，而通过相移阵列和波导阵列，可以对二维光栅天线两个维度上的激光信号的相位进行调控，从而实现激光雷达在两个维度上的大视场扫描。In one embodiment, when the antenna unit is a one-dimensional grating, in order to achieve a large field of view scanning in two dimensions, it is necessary to adjust the emission directions of the target sub-signal in the two dimensions, and one scanning dimension is adjusted by adjusting the target sub-signal. The wavelength of the signal adjusts its emission direction, and the other dimension directly adjusts its emission direction by adjusting the phase. In one embodiment, when using wavelength regulation, the light source in the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array is an adjustable light source, and the adjustable light source is used to change the wavelength of the laser signal to be processed, thereby changing the wavelength of the target sub-signal. When the wavelength of the target sub-signal changes, its emission direction also changes, so that a large field of view can be scanned in one of the two scanning dimensions of the lidar. In another scanning dimension of the lidar, the phase adjustment is used to change the emission direction of the target sub-signal, that is, the phase of the sub-signal obtained by the optical beam splitter is adjusted by the phase shift array and the waveguide array to obtain the target sub-signal, so as to obtain the target sub-signal. Change the direction of the target sub-signal emitted into the free space along the grating antenna, and realize the large field of view scanning of the lidar in another dimension. When the antenna unit is a two-dimensional grating, when the target sub-signal is transmitted to the free space along the direction of the grating antenna, there are two transmission dimensions, and through the phase shift array and the waveguide array, the two-dimensional grating antenna can be transmitted in two dimensions. The phase of the laser signal is regulated, thereby realizing the large field of view scanning of the lidar in two dimensions.
以一维光栅为例，当稀疏阵天线阵列S500中的光栅天线为一维光栅时，通过调节可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵发射到自由空间中的目标子信号的波长和相位，实现目标子信号在两个维度上的角度扫描。一方面，通过调节光信号的波长，调节可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵最终发射到自由空间中的光信号的发射方向，其中，可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵中的光源为可调光源，可调光源发射出的光信号的波长是可调节的，在稀疏天线阵列S500中，一维光栅构成的天线单元为非均匀排布，波长的改变使目标子信号沿着一维光栅的方向向自由空间内发射，本实施例中所述的目标子信号与上述实施例相同，均为激光器发射的激光信号经过光耦合器的耦合处理、光分束器的等强度分光处理、以及相移阵列的移相处理得到的目标子信号。一维光栅在向自由空间内发射目标子信号时，波长调节的过程为：通过可调光源改变发出的激光信号的波长，从而改变子信号的波长，通过改变子信号的波长改变与子信号对应的目标子信号的发射方向，进而改变波导光学相控阵在其中一个扫描维度上的扫描角度，可知地，当可调光源发射的光信号的波长的可调节范围较大时，目标子信号在该维度上可以实现大视场扫描。Taking one-dimensional grating as an example, when the grating antenna in the sparse array antenna array S500 is a one-dimensional grating, the target sub-signal can be realized by adjusting the wavelength and phase of the target sub-signal emitted by the visible light sparse-array waveguide optical phased array into free space. Angular scan of the signal in two dimensions. On the one hand, by adjusting the wavelength of the optical signal, the emission direction of the optical signal finally emitted into the free space by the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array is adjusted, wherein the light source in the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array is a tunable light source, The wavelength of the optical signal emitted by the tunable light source can be adjusted. In the sparse antenna array S500, the antenna elements formed by the one-dimensional grating are non-uniformly arranged, and the change of the wavelength makes the target sub-signal go along the direction of the one-dimensional grating. For emission in free space, the target sub-signals described in this embodiment are the same as those in the above-mentioned embodiments, all of which are laser signals emitted by lasers that undergo coupling processing by optical couplers, equal-intensity splitting processing by optical beam splitters, and phase shift arrays. The target sub-signal obtained by the phase-shift processing. When the one-dimensional grating emits the target sub-signal into free space, the process of wavelength adjustment is: changing the wavelength of the emitted laser signal through the adjustable light source, thereby changing the wavelength of the sub-signal, and changing the wavelength of the sub-signal corresponding to the sub-signal the emission direction of the target sub-signal, and then change the scanning angle of the waveguide optical phased array in one of the scanning dimensions. It can be known that when the adjustable range of the wavelength of the optical signal emitted by the tunable light source is large, the target sub-signal is in the Large field of view scanning can be achieved in this dimension.
另一方面，通过相移阵列对光信号的相位调节，从而调节可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵最终发射到自由空间中的光信号的发射方向，具体过程如下：On the other hand, the phase of the optical signal is adjusted by the phase shift array to adjust the emission direction of the optical signal finally emitted into the free space by the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array. The specific process is as follows:
对于均匀分布的一维光栅构成的均匀阵波导光学相控阵，光信号沿着天线阵列中光栅天线方向的扫描方位角如下列公式所示(公式1)：For a uniform waveguide optical phased array composed of uniformly distributed one-dimensional gratings, the scanning azimuth of the optical signal along the grating antenna direction in the antenna array is shown in the following formula (Equation 1):
Figure PCTCN2021102735-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021102735-appb-000001
其中，d为光栅天线之间的间距，λ为激光信号的波长，φ为光栅天线间的相位差；Among them, d is the spacing between the grating antennas, λ is the wavelength of the laser signal, and φ is the phase difference between the grating antennas;
因此，可以得到扫描视场角FOV为(公式2)：Therefore, the scanning field of view FOV can be obtained as (Formula 2):
FOV＝sin -1(λ/d)  (2) FOV=sin -1 (λ/d) (2)
由于波导之间光串扰的影响，天线之间的间距无法满足小于激光信号波 长的一半，因此会出现栅瓣，均匀阵波导光学相控阵天线的视场角，以λ＝532nm，d＝1.5um为例，通过计算得到均匀阵波导光学相控阵天线的视场角为20.7°。Due to the influence of optical crosstalk between the waveguides, the spacing between the antennas cannot be less than half the wavelength of the laser signal, so grating lobes will appear. um as an example, the field of view of the uniform waveguide optical phased array antenna is calculated to be 20.7°.
而稀疏阵可以在不改变天线阵列间距的情况下，从天线阵列中去掉一部分天线单元，进而优化阵元的分布，从而消除栅瓣，提升波导光学相控阵天线的视场角。同时，在去掉一部分电线单元后，稀疏阵中天线单元的平均间距比均匀阵大，而在相同阵元的情况下，稀疏阵天线的整体孔径会增大，可以提高天线的分辨率。The sparse array can remove part of the antenna elements from the antenna array without changing the spacing of the antenna array, thereby optimizing the distribution of the array elements, thereby eliminating the grating lobes and improving the field of view of the waveguide optical phased array antenna. At the same time, after removing part of the wire elements, the average spacing of the antenna elements in the sparse array is larger than that of the uniform array, and in the case of the same array elements, the overall aperture of the sparse array antenna will increase, which can improve the resolution of the antenna.
以相同数量的天线单元为例，设置64个天线单元，相同的激光信号且波长为500nm，在均匀阵列中，天线单元间距为1.5um，在稀疏阵列中，天线单元的平均间距5.5um，如图3和图4所示的扫描角度示意图，图3为均匀阵列的光学相控阵扫描角度示意图，图4为稀疏阵列的光学相控阵扫描角度示意图，在图3和图4中，左图为视场角示意图，右图为分辨率示意图，在图3中，均匀阵天线的视场角约为20°，分辨率约为0.26°，而在图4中，稀疏阵天线的视场角接近180°，分辨率约为0.074°。Take the same number of antenna units as an example, set 64 antenna units, the same laser signal and the wavelength of 500nm, in a uniform array, the antenna unit spacing is 1.5um, in a sparse array, the average spacing of the antenna units is 5.5um, such as Figures 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams of scanning angles. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the scanning angle of an optical phased array of a uniform array. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the scanning angle of an optical phased array of a sparse array. In Figures 3 and 4, the left image It is a schematic diagram of the field of view, and the right picture is a schematic diagram of the resolution. In Figure 3, the field of view of the uniform array antenna is about 20°, and the resolution is about 0.26°, while in Figure 4, the field of view of the sparse array antenna is Close to 180°, the resolution is about 0.074°.
本实施例中，可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵中，构成稀疏天线阵列的光栅天线可以是一维光栅，也可以是二维光栅，在均匀阵的基础上，通过减少天线单元增大天线单元之间的平均间距实现阵元优化，提高稀疏天线阵列中，天线单元的分辨率；或者，在天线单元数量相同的情况下，增大天线单元之间的平均间距，从而增大稀疏天线阵列的整体口径，从而提高稀疏天线阵列中，天线单元的分辨率，同时提高波导光学相控阵的扫描角度。In this embodiment, in the visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array, the grating antenna constituting the sparse antenna array may be a one-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional grating. On the basis of a uniform array, the antenna unit is increased by reducing the number of antenna units. The average spacing between the antenna elements can be optimized to improve the resolution of the antenna elements in the sparse antenna array; or, in the case of the same number of antenna elements, the average spacing between the antenna elements can be increased, thereby increasing the sparse antenna array. The overall aperture is improved, thereby improving the resolution of the antenna unit in the sparse antenna array, and at the same time improving the scanning angle of the waveguide optical phased array.
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体/操作/对象与另一个实体/操作/对象区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体/操作/对象之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序；术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者***不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者***所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括该要素的过程、方法、物品或者***中还存在另外的相同要素。It should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as first and second etc. are only used to distinguish one entity/operation/object from another entity/operation/object, and do not necessarily require or imply these There is no such actual relationship or order between entities/operations/objects; the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, An article or system includes not only those elements, but also other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such a process, method, article or system. Without further limitation, an element qualified by the phrase "comprising a..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or system that includes the element.
上述本申请实施例序号仅仅为了描述，不代表实施例的优劣。The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present application are only for description, and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例，并非因此限制本申请的专利范围，凡是利用本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the contents of the description and drawings of the present application, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields , are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵，其中，包括：A visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array, comprising:
    光耦合器：用于对获取的光信号进行耦合处理；Optical coupler: used to couple the acquired optical signal;
    光分束器：用于对经过耦合处理的光信号进行分光处理，得到子信号；Optical beam splitter: used for splitting the coupled optical signal to obtain sub-signals;
    相移阵列：与所述光分束器连接，用于对所述子信号的相位进行调控，得到目标子信号；Phase shift array: connected to the optical beam splitter, for adjusting the phase of the sub-signal to obtain the target sub-signal;
    波导阵列：用于对经过耦合处理的光信号、所述子信号以及所述目标子信号进行传输；Waveguide array: used to transmit the coupled optical signal, the sub-signal and the target sub-signal;
    稀疏天线阵列：与所述相移阵列连接，用于向自由空间发射所述目标子信号。Sparse antenna array: connected to the phase shift array, and used for transmitting the target sub-signal to free space.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵，其中，所述光分束器对经过耦合处理的光信号进行等强度的分光处理，得到等强度的子信号。The visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array according to claim 1, wherein the optical beam splitter performs equal-intensity spectral processing on the coupled-processed optical signal to obtain equal-intensity sub-signals.
  3. 如权利要求1所述的可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵，其中，所述相移阵列包括电控制器和多个相移器，所述电控制器与所述多个相移器连接：The visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array of claim 1, wherein the phase shift array comprises an electrical controller and a plurality of phase shifters, the electrical controller is connected to the plurality of phase shifters:
    所述电控制器向所述相移器通电，以对所述相移器阵列的温度进行调控。The electrical controller energizes the phase shifter to regulate the temperature of the phase shifter array.
  4. 如权利要求3所述的可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵，其中，所述波导阵列由波导构成，所述相移阵列中的多个相移器包括与所述电控制器连接的第一相移器，所述第一相移器还与所述波导阵列中的第一波导连接：The visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array of claim 3, wherein the waveguide array is composed of waveguides, and the plurality of phase shifters in the phase shift array include a first phase shifter connected to the electrical controller A shifter, the first phase shifter is also connected with the first waveguide in the waveguide array:
    当所述电控制器向所述第一相移器通电，以对所述第一相移器的温度进行调控时，所述第一相移器通过自身温度对所述第一波导的温度进行调控，以调节所述第一波导的折射率，所述第一波导通过改变折射率对所述子信号的相位进行调控。When the electrical controller energizes the first phase shifter to regulate the temperature of the first phase shifter, the first phase shifter adjusts the temperature of the first waveguide through its own temperature. Adjustment is performed to adjust the refractive index of the first waveguide, and the first waveguide adjusts the phase of the sub-signal by changing the refractive index.
  5. 如权利要求1所述的可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵，其中，所述稀疏阵波导光学相控阵还包括光源，所述光源用于发射光信号。The sparse-array waveguide optical phased array for visible light according to claim 1, wherein the sparse-array waveguide optical phased array further comprises a light source for emitting optical signals.
  6. 如权利要求5所述的可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵，其中，所述光耦合器获取所述光源发射的光信号，并对所述光信号进行耦合处理，以将所述光信号耦合到所述稀疏阵波导光学相控阵的波导阵列中进行传输。The visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array according to claim 5, wherein the optical coupler acquires the optical signal emitted by the light source, and performs coupling processing on the optical signal, so as to couple the optical signal to the optical signal. The transmission is performed in the waveguide array of the sparse array waveguide optical phased array.
  7. 如权利要求1所述的可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵，其中，所述稀疏天线阵列由多根光栅天线构成，所述目标子信号沿着所述光栅天线的方向向自由空间内发射，进行大视场扫描，其中，所述光栅天线为一维光栅或者二维光栅，所述目标子信号在沿着所述光栅天线的方向向自由空间内发射，进行大视场扫描时，扫描维度包括第一维度和第二维度。The visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array according to claim 1, wherein the sparse antenna array is composed of a plurality of grating antennas, and the target sub-signals are transmitted into free space along the direction of the grating antennas, and the Wide field of view scanning, wherein the grating antenna is a one-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional grating, and the target sub-signal is emitted into free space along the direction of the grating antenna. When scanning a large field of view, the scanning dimension includes first dimension and second dimension.
  8. 如权利要求7所述的可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵，其中，若所述光栅天线为一维光栅，所述一维光栅在所述稀疏天线阵列中为非均匀排布，所述相移阵列对所述子信号的相位进行调节，以使与所述子信号对应的目标子信号沿着所述一维光栅方向向自由空间内发射，在所述扫描维度中的第一维度上进行大视场扫描。The visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array according to claim 7, wherein if the grating antenna is a one-dimensional grating, the one-dimensional grating is non-uniformly arranged in the sparse antenna array, and the phase shift The array adjusts the phase of the sub-signals, so that the target sub-signals corresponding to the sub-signals are emitted into free space along the one-dimensional grating direction, and a large scale is performed in the first dimension of the scanning dimensions. Field of view scan.
  9. 如权利要求5至8中任一项所述的可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵，其中，若所述光栅天线为一维光栅，所述一维光栅在所述稀疏天线阵列中为非均匀排布，所述光源为可调光源，所述可调光源对所述子信号的波长进行调控，以调节与所述子信号对应的目标子信号的发射方向，使所述目标子信号沿着所述一维光栅方向向自由空间内发射，在所述扫描维度中的第二维度上进行扫描。The visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein if the grating antenna is a one-dimensional grating, the one-dimensional grating is non-uniformly arranged in the sparse antenna array The light source is an adjustable light source, and the adjustable light source adjusts the wavelength of the sub-signal to adjust the emission direction of the target sub-signal corresponding to the sub-signal, so that the target sub-signal follows the direction of the target sub-signal. The one-dimensional grating direction is emitted into free space, scanning in a second of the scan dimensions.
  10. 如权利要求7所述的可见光稀疏阵波导光学相控阵，其中，若所述光栅天线为二维光栅，所述二维光栅在所述稀疏天线阵列中为非均匀排布，所述相移阵列对所述子信号的相位进行调节，以使与所述子信号对应的目标子信号沿着所述二维光栅方向向自由空间内发射，在所述扫描维度中的第一维度和第二维度上进行大视场扫描。The visible light sparse array waveguide optical phased array according to claim 7, wherein if the grating antenna is a two-dimensional grating, the two-dimensional grating is non-uniformly arranged in the sparse antenna array, and the phase shift The array adjusts the phase of the sub-signals so that target sub-signals corresponding to the sub-signals are emitted into free space along the two-dimensional grating direction, in a first dimension and a second of the scan dimensions A wide field of view scan is performed in dimensionality.
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