WO2022181112A1 - 電池診断システム - Google Patents
電池診断システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022181112A1 WO2022181112A1 PCT/JP2022/001292 JP2022001292W WO2022181112A1 WO 2022181112 A1 WO2022181112 A1 WO 2022181112A1 JP 2022001292 W JP2022001292 W JP 2022001292W WO 2022181112 A1 WO2022181112 A1 WO 2022181112A1
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- Prior art keywords
- battery
- secondary battery
- deterioration
- predicted
- state
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
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- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/04—Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/10—Services
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
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- G16Y20/20—Information sensed or collected by the things relating to the thing itself
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a battery diagnosis system that diagnoses the degree of deterioration of secondary batteries.
- secondary batteries have been used for a variety of purposes, such as for vehicles such as hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles, and for household use.
- a secondary battery deteriorates with charge/discharge and the passage of time, and the performance and value of the secondary battery deteriorate. Therefore, a technique for diagnosing the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery has been developed.
- Patent Document 1 As a technology related to the battery diagnosis system, the technology of the battery replacement support system described in Patent Document 1 is known.
- the battery replacement support system of Patent Document 1 the future deterioration state of the secondary battery after a predetermined period of time has elapsed from the current capacity deterioration state of the secondary battery, and the service life of the secondary battery is evaluated.
- the capacity deterioration of the secondary battery is obtained from the actual measurement value of the AC resistance, and the future capacity deterioration state after the elapse of a predetermined period is specified by an extrapolation method based on the actual measurement value.
- Deterioration of a secondary battery includes various aspects such as resistance deterioration in addition to capacity deterioration.
- Patent Document 1 since the future deterioration state of the secondary battery is specified by extrapolation from the current state of capacity deterioration, the prediction of the future deterioration state deviates from the actual situation. can be considered.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a battery diagnosis system capable of diagnosing the future deterioration state of a secondary battery with higher accuracy based on the current deterioration state of the secondary battery. do.
- a battery diagnostic system includes a load history acquisition unit, an interpolation processing unit, a deterioration estimation unit, a deterioration prediction unit, and an output unit.
- the load history acquisition unit acquires the battery load history, which is the history of the load on the used secondary battery. With respect to the configuration data of the battery load history, if part of the configuration data is missing, the interpolation processing unit estimates and interpolates the missing part of the configuration data using the remaining part of the configuration data. .
- the deterioration estimator estimates the current deterioration state of the secondary battery and the deterioration factor that caused the deterioration state based on the battery load history.
- the deterioration prediction unit uses the predicted battery load and the current deterioration state and deterioration factor of the secondary battery estimated by the deterioration estimation unit to predict the deterioration of the secondary battery that will occur in the future when used in the manner of use. Predict and diagnose the state of deterioration.
- the predicted battery load indicates a load that is predicted to be applied to the secondary battery depending on how the secondary battery will be used in the future.
- the output unit outputs the predicted deterioration state of the secondary battery predicted by the deterioration prediction unit.
- the interpolation processing unit uses the remaining part of the configuration data to replace the missing configuration data. Estimate and interpolate. In interpolation processing, unlike extrapolation, based on a known data string, data are generated or provided with such a function to fill in the range of each interval of the data string.
- the battery diagnostic system even if part of the configuration data of the battery load history is missing, it is possible to acquire the battery load history with high accuracy. Furthermore, in the battery diagnostic system, the current deterioration state and deterioration factors of the secondary battery are estimated using a highly accurate battery load history, and future generation The predicted deterioration state of the secondary battery is predicted. Therefore, according to the battery diagnosis system, even if part of the battery load history is missing, the future deterioration state of the secondary battery can be predicted based on the current deterioration state of the secondary battery. Accurate diagnosis is possible.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a battery diagnostic system according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a vehicle in the battery diagnosis system
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a management server in the battery diagnosis system
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of battery diagnosis processing in the battery diagnosis system
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart relating to calculation of the battery state in the battery diagnosis process
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram relating to interpolation processing of the battery load history
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a battery diagnostic system according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a vehicle in the battery diagnosis system
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a management server in the battery diagnosis system
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of battery diagnosis processing in the battery diagnosis system
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart relating to calculation of the battery state in the battery diagnosis process
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram relating to interpolation processing of the battery load history
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the relationship between the open circuit voltage and closed circuit voltage of the secondary battery before deterioration and the SOC
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the relationship between the open circuit voltage and closed circuit voltage of the secondary battery after deterioration and the SOC
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram relating to the influence of the state of deterioration on the progress of deterioration in the future
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a predicted battery load in the first embodiment
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between secondary battery ranking and residual value
- FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration diagram of a battery diagnosis system according to the second embodiment
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram regarding sequential maintenance of handling conditions in the second embodiment
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram regarding simultaneous maintenance of handling conditions in the second embodiment
- FIG. 15 is a schematic configuration diagram of a battery diagnosis system according to the third embodiment
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of power balance in the third embodiment
- FIG. 17 is a schematic configuration diagram of a battery diagnostic system according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 A first embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 11.
- FIG. 1 the battery diagnosis system 1 according to the present disclosure is applied to an industry that estimates and diagnoses the state of deterioration of the secondary battery 25 owned by the user U, and proposes maintenance of the secondary battery 25.
- the secondary battery 25 is composed of, for example, a lithium-ion secondary battery, and has a plurality of battery cells connected in series.
- the negative electrode of the secondary battery 25 is made of, for example, a negative electrode active material such as graphite that can absorb and release lithium ions.
- the positive electrode of the secondary battery 25 can be, for example, a ternary electrode containing Ni, Mn, and Co such as LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 . Also, electrodes made of composite materials may be employed.
- the secondary battery 25 is composed of, for example, a battery pack including a plurality of battery modules in which a plurality of battery cells are arranged in a line. Therefore, the performance of the battery pack as the secondary battery 25 is affected by the battery module exhibiting the lowest performance among the plurality of battery modules. Furthermore, the performance of the battery module is affected by the battery cell exhibiting the lowest performance among the battery cells that make up the battery module. Therefore, in order to suppress the deterioration of the secondary battery 25, it is important to perform maintenance for each battery cell and each battery module.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 diagnoses the residual value of the secondary battery 25 and increases the residual value by considering the future usage of the secondary battery 25 in addition to the deterioration degree and deterioration factor of the secondary battery 25. Therefore, it is configured to propose an effective maintenance method to the user U.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 includes a plurality of secondary batteries 25 owned by each user U.
- the secondary battery 25 As an application of the secondary battery 25, the case of using it for driving an electric vehicle will be taken as an example, but it is not limited to this. If the battery load history indicating the load associated with the use of the secondary battery 25 can be output to the management server 50, it can be used for various purposes such as home power supply and factory power supply.
- a battery load history which is usage history information of each secondary battery 25, is transmitted to the management server 50 in the data center via a predetermined base station 5. For example, when the secondary battery 25 is mounted in the vehicle V, the battery load history is transmitted from the communication terminal 34 of the vehicle V to the management server 50 .
- the battery load history includes the battery temperature T, current value I, SOC, etc. of the secondary battery 25 .
- each user U is assigned an information terminal 10 .
- the information terminal 10 is configured by a tablet terminal, a smart phone, or the like, and is used to input predicted battery load or the like indicating the future usage of the secondary battery 25 assumed by each user U.
- the predicted battery load is transmitted from each information terminal 10, it is stored in the user database 55 of the management server 50 via the network N.
- the management server 50 uses the battery load history of each secondary battery 25 to estimate the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery 25 and the configuration of deterioration factors. Then, using the estimated degree of deterioration of each secondary battery 25, the configuration of deterioration factors, and the predicted battery load, the future degree of deterioration, etc. of the secondary battery 25 when used under the predicted battery load is predicted. be.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 includes an information terminal 10 of the dealer D and an information terminal 10 of the repair shop F.
- the cost of the parts required for the maintenance of the secondary battery 25 are input.
- the information terminal 10 of the repair shop F wages required for maintenance, work reservation status, and the like are input.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 can specify the cost and period required for maintenance of the secondary battery 25. It is possible to propose a maintenance method that considers
- the vehicle V in the battery diagnosis system 1 is an electric vehicle in which the secondary battery 25 is mounted and which obtains driving force for running from the motor generator 20 .
- the vehicle V may be any vehicle provided with the motor generator 20.
- a hybrid vehicle that obtains driving force for running from the motor generator 20 and an internal combustion engine (engine) may be employed.
- engine internal combustion engine
- the vehicle V is equipped with a motor generator 20 as a drive source.
- the motor-generator 20 is equipped with a rotational speed sensor 21 for detecting motor rotational speed, a torque sensor 22 for detecting motor torque, a temperature sensor 23 for detecting motor temperature, and the like.
- the vehicle V is also provided with a motor control unit 24 that controls the drive state of the motor generator 20 .
- Motor control unit 24 receives vehicle information such as motor rotation speed, motor torque, and motor temperature from rotation speed sensor 21 , torque sensor 22 , and temperature sensor 23 .
- the vehicle V is equipped with the secondary battery 25 .
- the secondary battery 25 is composed of, for example, a lithium-ion secondary battery, and supplies power to the motor generator 20 as well as to other in-vehicle devices.
- a configuration in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in parallel to form a cell block, and a plurality of the cell blocks are connected in series may be employed.
- the secondary battery 25 is connected with a voltage sensor 26, a current sensor 27, and a battery temperature sensor 28.
- the voltage sensor 26 is a sensor that detects the voltage value of the secondary battery 25 .
- the current sensor 27 is a sensor that detects the current value I of the secondary battery 25 .
- the battery temperature sensor 28 is a sensor that detects the battery temperature T of the secondary battery 25 .
- the voltage sensor 26, current sensor 27, and battery temperature sensor 28 each have a plurality of detection units for the battery pack, which is the secondary battery 25. That is, the voltage sensor 26, the current sensor 27, and the battery temperature sensor can detect the voltage value, the current value I, and the battery temperature T for each battery module constituting the battery pack and each battery cell constituting the battery module. .
- the secondary battery 25 is provided with an external connection portion 29 .
- the external connection portion 29 is configured to be connectable to a power system outside the vehicle V. As shown in FIG. Therefore, the secondary battery 25 can supply the power of the secondary battery 25 to an external power system or receive power from the external power system.
- the vehicle V is provided with a battery control unit 30 .
- Information on the voltage value, current value, and battery temperature T from the voltage sensor 26 , current sensor 27 , and battery temperature sensor 28 is input to the battery control unit 30 .
- These pieces of information constitute a battery load history, which will be described later.
- the battery control unit 30 manages the usage history of the secondary battery 25 and the like.
- the battery control unit 30 controls the charge/discharge state of the secondary battery 25 . That is, the battery control unit 30 constitutes a so-called Battery Management Unit.
- the vehicle V is provided with a vehicle control unit 33 .
- the vehicle control unit 33 controls the vehicle V as a whole.
- the vehicle control unit 33 is connected with an accelerator pedal sensor 31, a brake pedal sensor 32, and the like. Therefore, the vehicle control unit 33 receives vehicle information such as the operation status of the accelerator pedal and the brake pedal.
- Information input to the motor control unit 24, the battery control unit 30, and the vehicle control unit 33 is output from the communication terminal 34 mounted on the vehicle control unit 33 to the management server 50 via the base station 5 and the network network N. be done.
- the communication terminal 34 has a function of receiving radio waves from GPS satellites (not shown), and can determine the position information of the vehicle V using the global positioning system (GPS). Positional information and speed information obtained from GPS are also transmitted from the communication terminal 34 to the management server 50 via the base station 5 and the network network N as information accompanying the battery load history.
- GPS global positioning system
- a mobile phone, a wireless LAN, or the like can be used for wireless communication between the communication terminal 34 and the base station 5.
- various types of information may be transmitted by wired communication.
- the timing of transmitting various information such as the battery load history from the vehicle V to the management server 50 may be in real time, or may be collectively transmitted at a predetermined timing.
- the management server 50 is configured by a general server computer, and has a control section 51, a communication section 52, a storage device 53, and the like.
- the management server 50 estimates and diagnoses the future predicted deterioration state of the secondary battery 25 using the deterioration state of the secondary battery 25 and the predicted battery load based on the future usage plan. In addition, the management server 50 determines the future handling manner (for example, maintenance method) of the secondary battery 25 based on the predicted deterioration state of the secondary battery 25 and the handling conditions regarding the future handling of the secondary battery 25. Suggest.
- the control unit 51 is composed of a well-known microcomputer including CPU, ROM, RAM, etc. and its peripheral circuits. Each functional unit in the battery diagnosis system 1 is implemented by the CPU of the control unit 51 executing the control program stored in the ROM.
- the communication unit 52 enables two-way communication of data with each vehicle V and each information terminal 10 via the network N.
- FIG. The storage device 53 is a storage unit that temporarily stores target data and temporarily stores calculation results when data is transmitted and received by the communication unit 52 .
- the management server 50 is provided with a battery database 54 and a user database 55 .
- the battery database 54 is a database configured using the battery load history transmitted from each secondary battery 25 .
- the battery database 54 includes information such as the battery temperature T and the current value I that constitute the battery load history, as well as the element deterioration state and the battery state calculated by the battery management process described later. Further, the battery database 54 stores battery characteristic information indicating the characteristic of the progress of deterioration of the secondary battery 25 for each secondary battery 25 .
- the user database 55 is a database configured using user information input from the information terminal 10 of each user U.
- the user database 55 includes, as user information, information such as a history of maintenance techniques for the secondary battery 25, a history of handling conditions, a history of predicted battery loads, and the like.
- the control unit 51 includes, as functional units of the battery diagnosis system 1, a load history acquisition unit 51a, an interpolation processing unit 51b, a deterioration estimation unit 51c, a deterioration prediction unit 51d, and an output unit 51e. ,have. Furthermore, the control unit 51 has, as functional units of the battery diagnosis system 1, a predicted load generation unit 51f, a residual value evaluation unit 51g, a rank identification unit 51h, a proposal unit 51i, and a condition input unit 51j. ing.
- the load history acquisition unit 51a is a functional unit that acquires the battery load history, which is the history of the load on the used secondary battery 25, and is realized, for example, by the control unit 51 when executing step S1, which will be described later.
- the interpolation processing unit 51b estimates and interpolates the missing part of the configuration data using the remaining part of the configuration data when part of the configuration data of the battery load history is missing. It is a functional part.
- the interpolation processing unit 51b is implemented, for example, by the control unit 51 when executing step S23, which will be described later.
- the deterioration estimation unit 51c is a functional unit that estimates the current deterioration state of the secondary battery 25 and the deterioration factor that caused the deterioration state based on the battery load history. It is realized by the control unit 51 when executing the process.
- the deterioration prediction unit 51d uses the predicted battery load indicating the load expected to be applied to the secondary battery 25 according to the future usage of the secondary battery 25, and the current deterioration state and deterioration factor of the secondary battery 25. , is a functional unit that predicts and diagnoses a predicted deterioration state of the secondary battery 25 that will occur in the future.
- the deterioration prediction unit is implemented, for example, by the control unit 51 when executing step S7, which will be described later.
- the output unit 51e is a functional unit that outputs the predicted deterioration state of the secondary battery 25, and is realized by the control unit 51 when executing step S11, which will be described later, for example.
- the predicted load generation unit 51f identifies the load predicted to be applied to the secondary battery 25 when the secondary battery 25 is used in accordance with the future usage mode of the secondary battery 25, and generates the predicted battery load. This is the function part to generate.
- the predicted load generation unit 51f is implemented by, for example, the control unit 51 when executing step S6, which will be described later.
- the residual value evaluation unit 51g is a functional unit that evaluates the residual value of the secondary battery 25 when used in a future usage mode using the predicted deterioration state of the secondary battery 25. For example, step S9 described later is performed. It is realized by the control unit 51 at the time of execution.
- the rank specifying unit 51h is a functional unit that ranks the secondary battery 25 with respect to the predicted deterioration state of the secondary battery 25 using the predicted states of the battery components of the secondary battery 25 .
- the rank specifying unit 51h is implemented by, for example, the control unit 51 when executing step S8, which will be described later.
- the proposing unit 51i uses the evaluated residual value of the secondary battery 25 and the handling conditions regarding the future handling of the secondary battery 25 to propose a future of the secondary battery that can increase the residual value of the secondary battery. It is a function unit that proposes a typical handling mode.
- the proposing unit 51i is realized, for example, by the control unit 51 when executing step S10, which will be described later.
- the condition input unit 51j is a functional unit for inputting handling conditions regarding the future handling of the secondary battery 25, and is realized by the control unit 51 when step S5, which will be described later, is executed, for example.
- At least one of the functions of the battery diagnostic system 1 may be configured by an electronic circuit (that is, hardware) for performing that function.
- FIG. 1 In the battery diagnosis system 1 according to the first embodiment, calculation processing of the element deterioration state, the battery state, the predicted element deterioration state, and the predicted battery state is performed for each battery module constituting the secondary battery 25 .
- the element deterioration state and the like may be calculated for each battery pack that constitutes the secondary battery 25. A calculation process may be performed. If the performance of the control unit 51 and the required time are sufficient, it is also possible to perform calculation processing of the element deterioration state and the like for each battery cell that constitutes the battery module.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 acquires the battery load history of the secondary battery 25 that configures the battery diagnostic system 1 .
- the control unit 51 is acquired by the communication unit 52 via the communication terminal 34 of the vehicle V, the base station 5 and the network N.
- the battery load history of the secondary battery 25 may be acquired from the battery database 54 .
- the battery diagnosis system 1 can acquire the battery load history of the secondary battery 25 without dismantling the secondary battery 25 (that is, the battery pack and the battery module).
- the battery load history includes the history of the load acting on the secondary battery 25, such as the battery temperature T, which is the temperature of the secondary battery 25, the charge/discharge current, and the period of use. Note that if there is a missing part in the data constituting the battery load history due to the unused period or the like, the control unit 51 performs an interpolation process of interpolating the missing part using the existing value. Details of the interpolation processing will be described later.
- step S3 the acquired battery load history is used to calculate the element deterioration states SOHQ ae , SOHQ ce, SOHQ Li e, SOHR a e, and SOHR ce of the secondary battery 25, which is the target battery.
- SOH is an abbreviation for State Of Health.
- SOHQ a e is the current capacity retention rate of the negative electrode of the secondary battery 25 .
- SOHQ ce is the current capacity retention rate of the positive electrode of the secondary battery 25 .
- SOHQ Li e is the capacity retention rate of the electrolyte of the secondary battery 25 at present.
- SOHR a e is the current resistance increase rate of the negative electrode of the secondary battery 25 .
- SOHR c e is the current resistance increase rate of the positive electrode of the secondary battery 25 .
- the deterioration state of each element is calculated for each battery module that constitutes the battery pack of the secondary battery 25 .
- the capacity retention rate of each component (that is, the negative electrode, the positive electrode, and the electrolyte) of the secondary battery 25 at a predetermined time is the same as that of the secondary battery 25 in the initial state (for example, at the time of shipment from the factory). It is the ratio of the capacity of each component at a given time to the capacity of the component.
- the negative electrode capacity corresponds to the number of negative electrode sites into which lithium ions can be inserted.
- the cathode capacity corresponds to the number of cathode sites into which lithium ions can be inserted.
- the capacity of the electrolyte is expressed using the positive/negative SOC shift capacity.
- the positive/negative electrode SOC difference capacity is the difference between the usable capacity regions of the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the secondary battery 25 .
- the positive/negative electrode SOC displacement capacity corresponds to the number of lithium ions that can move between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the ease of movement of all the lithium ions.
- the resistance increase rate of each component of the secondary battery 25 at a predetermined time is the resistance value of each component of the secondary battery 25 in the initial state at the predetermined time is the ratio of the resistance value of
- the battery diagnostic system 1 calculates element deterioration states SOHQ a e, SOHQ ce, SOHQ Li e, SOHR a e, and SOHR ce based on a plurality of deterioration factors relating to each battery component. That is, the battery diagnostic system 1 calculates the element deterioration states SOHQ a e and SOHR a e of the negative electrode based on a plurality of deterioration factors of the negative electrode of the secondary battery 25 . Further, the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates element deterioration states SOHQce and SOHRce regarding the positive electrode based on a plurality of deterioration factors of the positive electrode. Further, the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates an element deterioration state SOHQ Li e regarding the electrolyte based on a plurality of deterioration factors of the electrolyte.
- each of the negative electrode capacity Qa and the negative electrode resistance Ra is a deterioration factor caused by the formation of a coating on the surface of the active material, and a deterioration factor caused by cracking of the coating formed on the surface of the active material. , is calculated in consideration of a deterioration factor caused by cracking of the active material itself.
- Each of the positive electrode capacity Qc and the positive electrode resistance Rc is determined based on a deterioration factor caused by alteration of the surface of the active material, a deterioration factor caused by cracking of the altered surface of the active material, and a deterioration factor considering cracking of the active material itself. Calculated taking into account
- the element deterioration state SOHQ Li e of the electrolyte is a deterioration factor caused by the formation of a film on the surface of the active material of the negative electrode, and a deterioration factor caused by cracking of the film formed on the surface of the active material of the negative electrode. , is calculated in consideration of a deterioration factor caused by cracking of the negative electrode active material itself.
- the element deterioration state SOHQ Li e of the electrolyte is a deterioration factor caused by the formation of a film on the surface of the positive electrode active material, and a deterioration factor caused by cracking of the film formed on the surface of the positive electrode active material. , is calculated in consideration of a deterioration factor caused by cracking of the positive electrode active material itself.
- step S4 battery states SOHQ Be and SOHR Be, which are deterioration states of the entire secondary battery 25, are calculated.
- the battery state SOHQ Be indicates the overall deterioration state of the secondary battery 25 with respect to the capacity of the secondary battery 25 .
- the negative electrode capacity Qa corresponds to the number of negative electrode sites into which lithium ions can be inserted
- the positive electrode capacity Qc corresponds to the number of positive electrode sites into which lithium ions can be inserted.
- the positive/negative electrode SOC displacement capacity QLi corresponds to the number of lithium ions that can move between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the ease of movement of all the lithium ions.
- the smallest of the negative electrode capacity Qa, the positive electrode capacity Qc, and the positive/negative SOC deviation capacity QLi corresponds to the battery capacity QB of the secondary battery 25 . That is, the minimum value of the element deterioration states SOHQ a e, SOHQ ce, and SOHQ Li e is the battery state SOHQ Be of the entire secondary battery 25 .
- the battery state SOHR Be indicates the deterioration state of the entire secondary battery 25 regarding resistance.
- SOHR B e SOHR a e +SOHR c e.
- step S1 the acquisition of the battery load history in step S1
- step S2 the calculation of the element deterioration state in step S2
- step S3 the calculation of the battery state in step S3
- the battery diagnostic system 1 Based on the battery load history of the secondary battery 25, the battery diagnostic system 1 sequentially calculates the element deterioration state of the secondary battery 25 from the start of use to the present time.
- the start time ts, the end time te, and the period from the start time ts to the end time te of the calculation operation of the element deterioration state for one time are called an implementation cycle.
- the length of the implementation cycle is appropriately determined in consideration of the prediction accuracy of the element deterioration state and the battery state, and the calculation load related to the calculation of the element deterioration state and the battery state.
- step S1 the control unit 51 acquires the battery load history of the secondary battery 25. Specific contents of step S1 will be described with reference to steps S21 to S23.
- step S21 the battery temperature T, charge/discharge current value I, and history target period Time are acquired as the battery load history.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates the battery temperature T of the secondary battery 25 in the implementation cycle from the temperature distribution of the secondary battery 25 during the implementation cycle.
- the battery temperature T can be, for example, an average value calculated from the frequency distribution of the temperature of the secondary battery 25 obtained during the actual cycle.
- Battery temperature T it is also possible to adopt the average value of the temperature of the secondary battery 25 acquired during the implementation cycle, etc., in order to reduce the calculation load.
- Battery temperature T is stored in battery database 54 of battery diagnosis system 1 .
- step S22 the control unit 51 determines whether or not part of the configuration data of the battery load history is missing.
- the battery load history of the secondary battery 25 includes a use period Pe in which the ignition of the vehicle V is on and input/output to the secondary battery 25 is performed, and a period Pe in which the ignition is off and input/output to the secondary battery 25 is performed. and an idle period Pel in which there is no
- the detection operation of various sensors such as the battery temperature sensor 28 is not performed, so it is conceivable that the battery load history corresponding to the idle period Pel constituting the history target period Time is missing.
- the battery load history of the unused period Pel is also required.
- step S22 it is determined whether or not the configuration data acquired as the battery load history includes data corresponding to the idle period Pel (that is, missing data). If there is a lack of configuration data, the process moves to step S23 and interpolation processing is performed. If there is no missing configuration data, the process proceeds to step S24.
- step S23 data interpolation processing is performed to interpolate missing configuration data in the battery load history.
- data corresponding to the unused period Pel is estimated and interpolated from the data corresponding to the usage period Pe obtained as the battery load history, and the battery load history for all periods is obtained.
- step S23 data interpolation processing is performed for the voltage, SOC, current, and battery temperature T that make up the battery load history.
- the usage period Pe immediately preceding the unused period Pel is referred to as an immediately preceding usage period Peb
- the usage period Pe immediately following the unused period Pel is referred to as an immediate usage period Pea.
- the outside air temperature Tam around the secondary battery 25 during the unused period Pel can be obtained through the network N or the like, and is a known value throughout the unused period Pel. Sampling of data in the unused period Pel is performed N times at a sampling period ⁇ t. Therefore, the length of the idle period Pel can be expressed as ⁇ tN.
- the relationship between the battery temperature T n for the n-th sampling and the battery temperature T n-1 for the (n ⁇ 1)-th sampling can be expressed by the following equation (1). .
- ⁇ Tn is the amount of change in the battery temperature T from the time of the n ⁇ 1th sampling to the time of the nth sampling.
- ⁇ T n can be expressed by the following equation (2), taking into consideration the external air heat radiation resistance of the secondary battery 25, the heat capacity of the secondary battery 25, and the external temperature Tam around the secondary battery 25.
- R in equation (2) indicates the external air heat radiation resistance of the secondary battery 25
- C indicates the heat capacity of the secondary battery 25
- Tam n-1 is the outside air temperature Tam at the n-1th sampling. Since these values are known values, it is possible to derive a temperature profile Te that takes into consideration the outside air temperature Tam, the outside air heat radiation resistance, and the heat capacity of the secondary battery 25, using equations (1) and (2).
- the correction value Tc can be represented by the following formula (3).
- Tc n in equation (3) indicates the value of the correction value Tc corresponding to the n-th sampling point.
- TN is the value of the temperature profile Te at the start of the immediate use period Pea, and indicates the point P in FIG.
- the battery temperature T in the unused period Pel can be accurately calculated by taking into consideration the external air heat radiation resistance and heat capacity of the secondary battery 25, and the external air temperature Tam around the secondary battery 25. can be interpolated.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 can acquire a battery load history with high accuracy.
- step S24 the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates the integrated value of the current value I of the secondary battery 25, and calculates the state of charge of the secondary battery 25 based on the calculated integrated value.
- the state of charge is the ratio of the remaining capacity to the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 25 expressed as a percentage, and is the so-called SOC (that is, state of charge).
- SOC state of charge
- the battery diagnostic system 1 calculates the SOC of the secondary battery 25 based on the integrated value of the current value of the secondary battery 25 using, for example, the current integration method.
- the calculation of the element deterioration state in step S2 and the calculation of the battery state in step S3 are realized by the processing of steps S24 to S31.
- step S25 the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates ⁇ DOD.
- ⁇ DOD is calculated by the difference between the SOC at the start time ts and the SOC at the end time te of the implementation cycle.
- DOD is an abbreviation for Depth Of Discharge indicating the depth of discharge of the secondary battery 25 .
- step S ⁇ b>26 the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates the negative electrode resistance R a and the positive electrode resistance R c of the secondary battery 25 .
- the negative electrode resistance Ra is calculated based on the battery temperature T of the secondary battery 25, the current value I of the secondary battery 25, the amount of change ⁇ DOD in SOC, and the closed circuit potential of the negative electrode of the secondary battery 25.
- the positive electrode resistance Rc is calculated based on the battery temperature T of the secondary battery 25, the current value I of the secondary battery 25, the SOC change amount ⁇ DOD , and the closed circuit potential of the positive electrode.
- the battery temperature T is the battery temperature T of the secondary battery 25 acquired as the battery load history.
- the current value I is the current value I of the secondary battery 25 acquired as the battery load history.
- the amount of change ⁇ DOD is the ⁇ DOD calculated in step S25.
- the closed-circuit potential of the negative electrode and the closed-circuit potential of the positive electrode of the secondary battery 25 are the closed-circuit potentials of the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the secondary battery 25 calculated in the previous execution cycle.
- the closed-circuit potential of the negative electrode of the secondary battery 25 will be referred to as CCP a
- the closed-circuit potential of the positive electrode of the secondary battery 25 will be referred to as CCP c .
- CCP stands for Closed Circuit Potential.
- the negative electrode resistance R a can be expressed as a function of the battery temperature T of the secondary battery 25 , the negative closed circuit potential CCP a , the amount of change ⁇ DOD, and the charge/discharge current value I.
- the positive electrode resistance R c can be expressed as a function of the temperature T of the secondary battery 25 , the positive closed circuit potential CCP c , the amount of change ⁇ DOD, and the charge/discharge current value I. This will be explained below.
- the negative electrode resistance R a increases due to the formation of a film (SEI: Solid Electrolyte Interface) on the surface of the negative electrode due to oxidation-reduction decomposition of the electrolyte of the secondary battery 25 and its additives. Since the film is produced by the chemical reaction described above, the negative electrode resistance Ra follows the Arrhenius law. Therefore, the negative electrode resistance Ra can be expressed as a function of the battery temperature T.
- SEI Solid Electrolyte Interface
- the negative electrode resistance R a can be expressed as a function of the negative closed circuit potential CCP a .
- the negative electrode resistance R a can be represented by a function of the amount of change ⁇ DOD.
- the active material due to repeated expansion and contraction of the active material, the active material itself cracks and becomes smaller in diameter. Cracking of the active material itself has both a factor of decreasing the negative electrode resistance Ra and a factor of increasing the negative electrode resistance Ra .
- the negative electrode resistance R a can be represented by a function of the amount of change ⁇ DOD from the theory shown below.
- the pulverization speed which is the speed of cracking of the active material of the negative electrode, is expressed by dr/dt, where r is the particle diameter of the active material and t is the time.
- dr/dt the pulverization rate of the active material of the negative electrode.
- the pulverization speed dr/dt can be considered to be proportional to the particle diameter r of the active material. Therefore, the pulverization speed dr/dt can be expressed by the following formula (4).
- k is a constant and may be referred to as a pulverization coefficient hereinafter.
- a pulverization coefficient hereinafter.
- ⁇ is a constant in Equation (5).
- the pulverization constant is considered to be proportional to the amount of change ⁇ DOD. Then, the following formula (6) is established.
- Equation (7) ⁇ and ⁇ are constants in Equation (7). Then, by coupling the equations (5) and (7), the following equation (8) can be derived.
- the negative electrode resistance R a increases due to the formation of a film on the surface of the negative electrode, and the formation speed of the film on the surface of the negative electrode correlates with the diameter of the active material of the negative electrode. Therefore, the negative electrode resistance R a can be expressed by a formula including the atomization function f(t, ⁇ DOD) (ie, a function of ⁇ DOD). Note that the contents in the parentheses on the right side of the equation (5) may be further corrected by adding constants.
- cracking of the surface coating of the negative electrode and cracking of the negative electrode active material itself also depend on the charge/discharge current value I of the secondary battery 25 .
- the charge/discharge current value I increases, the current tends to flow more intensively in the low-resistance portions of the active material. As a result, strain is likely to occur in the active material, causing cracks in the surface coating of the negative electrode and cracks in the negative electrode active material itself.
- cracking of the negative electrode surface coating and cracking of the negative electrode active material itself can be expressed as a function of the charge/discharge current value I or a function of the C rate that correlates with the charge/discharge current value I.
- the 1C rate indicates a current value that fully charges or completely discharges the rated capacity of the battery in one hour in the case of constant current charge/discharge measurement.
- the negative electrode resistance R a is determined using the function g A (T, CCP a ), the function g B (T, CCP a , ⁇ DOD, I), and the function g C (T, CCP a , ⁇ DOD, I). is represented by the following equation (7).
- the function g A (T, CCP a ) is a function considering the formation of a film on the surface of the active material.
- the function g B (T, CCP a , ⁇ DOD, I) is a function considering cracking of the film formed on the surface of the active material.
- the function g C (T, CCP a , ⁇ DOD, I) is a function considering cracking of the active material itself.
- the negative electrode resistance Ra is expressed as a function of the battery temperature T of the secondary battery 25, the negative closed circuit potential CCP a , the amount of change ⁇ DOD, and the charge/discharge current value I.
- the positive electrode resistance Rc increases as the quality of the positive electrode surface deteriorates.
- the positive electrode resistance Rc follows the Arrhenius law because the surface of the positive electrode is altered by a chemical reaction. Therefore, the positive electrode resistance Rc can be expressed as a function of the battery temperature T.
- the positive electrode resistance R c can be expressed as a function of the positive closed circuit potential CCP c .
- the surface of the deteriorated positive electrode active material cracks, and a new positive electrode surface that is not deteriorated is formed. .
- the surface of the new positive electrode eventually deteriorates, causing a further increase in the positive electrode resistance Rc . Since the degree of expansion and contraction of the active material increases as the amount of change ⁇ DOD increases, the positive electrode resistance Rc can be expressed as a function of the amount of change ⁇ DOD.
- deterioration of the surface of the positive electrode is accelerated by repeated expansion and contraction of the active material of the positive electrode, which promotes cracking of the active material of the positive electrode and reduces the diameter of the active material. Cracking of the active material itself has both a factor that lowers the positive electrode resistance Rc and a factor that increases the positive electrode resistance Rc .
- the positive electrode resistance R c can be expressed by an expression (that is, a function of ⁇ DOD) that includes the pulverization function f (t, ⁇ DOD) of Equation (9) from the same theory as the negative electrode resistance R a .
- the cracking of the positive electrode active material itself also depends on the charge/discharge current value I.
- the charge/discharge current value I increases, the current tends to flow more intensively in the low-resistance portions of the active material. As a result, strain is likely to occur in the active material itself, causing cracks in the positive electrode active material itself. Therefore, cracking of the positive electrode active material itself can be expressed as a function of the charge/discharge current value I or a function of the C rate that correlates with the charge/discharge current value I.
- the positive electrode resistance R c is , can be expressed as the following equation (11).
- the function h A (T, CCP c ) is a function that takes into account alteration of the surface of the active material.
- the function h B (T, CCP c , ⁇ DOD, I) is a function considering cracking of the modified surface of the active material.
- the function h C (T, CCP c , ⁇ DOD, I) is a function considering cracking of the active material itself.
- the positive electrode resistance Rc is expressed as a function of the battery temperature T of the secondary battery 25, the positive closed circuit potential CCPc , the amount of change ⁇ DOD , and the charge/discharge current value I.
- step S26 the negative closed circuit potential CCPa and the positive closed circuit potential CCPc used to calculate the negative electrode resistance R a and the positive electrode resistance R c are set to A side closed circuit potential CCP a and a positive side closed circuit potential CCP c are used.
- the negative closed circuit potential CCP a and the positive closed circuit potential CCP c are calculated in step S29 in the immediately preceding cycle.
- the initial negative closed-circuit potential is calculated as follows.
- CCP a and positive closed circuit potential CCP c are calculated.
- the initial negative electrode polarization ⁇ V a is calculated from the product of the current value I obtained as the battery load history and the initial value of the negative electrode resistance Ra, and the current value I obtained as the battery load history and the positive electrode resistance R c are calculated .
- the initial polarization ⁇ V c of the positive electrode is calculated from the product of the initial value of .
- the initial value of the negative electrode resistance R a and the initial value of the positive electrode resistance R c are, for example, in the secondary battery of the same type as the secondary battery 25 mounted on the vehicle V, in the initial state (for example, factory shipment state). These are the values of negative electrode resistance and positive electrode resistance.
- the initial values of the negative electrode resistance and the positive electrode resistance of the secondary battery 25 are stored, for example, in the battery control unit 30 of the vehicle V or the battery database 54 of the management server 50, and can be obtained from the battery control unit 30 or the battery database 54. can be done.
- the negative electrode resistance R a and the positive electrode resistance R c in the initial state can be determined, for example, by an AC impedance method, IV measurement, or the like.
- a half cell using the positive electrode and a half cell using the negative electrode of the disassembled secondary battery 25 in the initial state are prepared, and the resistance of each half cell is measured. R c can be determined.
- each open-circuit potential is the potential of each electrode of the secondary battery 25 when the state in which the secondary battery 25 and the external circuit are not conducting for a long period of time has passed.
- OCP stands for Open Circuit Potential.
- the initial OCP characteristic indicates the relationship between the SOC of the secondary battery 25 in the initial state and the negative-side open-circuit potential OCP a , and the relationship between the SOC and the positive-side open-circuit potential OCP c . 54.
- the negative open circuit potential OCP a and the negative polarization ⁇ V a are added to obtain the negative closed circuit potential CCP a .
- the positive side closed circuit potential CCP c can be obtained by adding the positive side open circuit potential OCP c and the positive side polarization ⁇ V c .
- the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates the negative electrode polarization ⁇ V a and the positive electrode polarization ⁇ V c .
- the polarization ⁇ V a of the negative electrode is calculated by multiplying the current value I of the secondary battery 25 acquired as the battery load history by the negative electrode resistance Ra calculated in step S26.
- the polarization ⁇ Vc of the positive electrode is calculated by multiplying the current value I of the secondary battery 25 by the positive electrode resistance Rc calculated in step S26.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates the negative open circuit potential OCP a and the positive open circuit potential OCP c . Based on the SOC of the secondary battery 25 calculated in step S24 and the updated OCP characteristics of the previous implementation cycle stored in the battery database 54, the battery diagnosis system 1 determines the negative electrode side open circuit potential OCP a and the positive electrode side open circuit potential OCP a. A circuit potential OCP c is calculated. The updated OCP characteristic indicates the relationship between the SOC of the secondary battery 25 after deterioration and the negative side open circuit potential OCP a , and the relationship between the SOC and the positive side open circuit potential OCP c .
- the updated OCP properties can be obtained as follows. First, the initial OCP characteristics pre-stored in the battery database 54 of the battery diagnosis system 1 are calculated based on the negative electrode capacity Q a , positive electrode capacity Q c , and positive/negative SOC deviation capacity Q Li calculated in step S30 described later. Update.
- the initial OCP characteristic indicates the relationship between the SOC and the negative open circuit potential OCP a of the secondary battery 25 in the initial state, and the relationship between the SOC and the positive open circuit potential OCP c .
- a technique for updating the initial OCP characteristics is not particularly limited, and for example, a known technique can be adopted.
- step S ⁇ b>29 the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates the negative closed circuit potential CCP a and the positive closed circuit potential CCP c of the secondary battery 25 .
- the battery diagnosis system 1 obtains the polarization ⁇ V a and the polarization ⁇ V c calculated in step S27, and obtains the negative open circuit potential OCP a and the positive open circuit potential OCP c calculated in step S28. .
- the negative closed-circuit potential CCP a is calculated by adding the negative open-circuit potential OCP a and the polarization ⁇ V a of the negative electrode, and the negative open-circuit potential OCP a can be rewritten to the negative closed-circuit potential CCP a .
- the positive closed circuit potential CCP c is calculated by adding the positive open circuit potential OCP c and the positive polarization ⁇ V c , and the positive open circuit potential OCP c is rewritten to the positive closed circuit potential CCP c . be able to.
- the polarization of the secondary battery 25 becomes apparent due to deterioration. That is, due to the occurrence of polarization, the closed circuit voltage of the secondary battery 25 increases during charging of the secondary battery 25 and decreases during discharging. As the secondary battery 25 deteriorates, the closed circuit voltage further increases during charging of the secondary battery 25 and further decreases during discharging.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows the relationship between the SOC and voltage during charging of the secondary battery 25 before deterioration
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the SOC and voltage during charging of the secondary battery 25 after deterioration. is schematically shown.
- the solid line represents the open circuit voltage
- the dashed line represents the closed circuit voltage
- OCV open circuit voltage
- CCV closed circuit voltage
- the battery diagnosis system 1 rewrites the open circuit potential OCP to the closed circuit potential CCP that takes into account the polarization ⁇ V, and uses the closed circuit potential CCP to determine the battery capacity. Predicting QB.
- step S30 the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates the negative electrode capacity Qa , the positive electrode capacity Qc , and the positive/negative SOC deviation capacity QLi of the secondary battery 25, respectively.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates the negative closed circuit potential CCP a and the positive closed circuit potential CCP c calculated in step S29, the battery temperature T of the secondary battery 25 acquired as the battery load history, and step The amount of change ⁇ DOD calculated in S25 is acquired.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 calculates the negative electrode capacity Q a , positive electrode capacity Q c , and positive/negative SOC deviation capacity Q Li of the secondary battery 25 from the negative closed circuit potential CCP a and the positive closed circuit potential CCP c , respectively. , the battery temperature T, the current value I, and the amount of change ⁇ DOD.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 expresses the negative electrode capacity Qa using the same theory as in calculating the negative electrode resistance Ra . That is, the negative electrode capacity Q a can be calculated as follows using the function i A (T, CCP a ), the function i B (T, CCP a , ⁇ DOD, I), and the function i C (T, CCP a , ⁇ DOD, I). It is expressed as in Equation (12).
- the function i A (T, CCP a ) is a function considering the formation of a film on the surface of the active material.
- the function i B (T, CCP a , ⁇ DOD, I) is a function considering cracking of the film formed on the surface of the active material.
- the function i C (T, CCP a , ⁇ DOD, I) is a function that considers cracking of the active material itself. That is, the negative electrode capacity Qa is a function of the battery temperature T of the secondary battery 25, the negative electrode side closed circuit potential CCPa , the amount of change ⁇ DOD (that is, the pulverization function f(t, ⁇ DOD)), and the charge/discharge current value I expressed.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 expresses the positive electrode capacity Qc using the same theory as when calculating the positive electrode resistance Rc . That is, the positive electrode capacity Qc is expressed by the following equation using the function j A (T, CCP c ), the function j B (T, CCP c , ⁇ DOD, I), and the function j C (T, CCP c , ⁇ DOD, I) (13).
- the function j A (T, CCP c ) is a function that takes into consideration the alteration of the surface of the active material.
- the function j B (T, CCP c , ⁇ DOD, I) is a function considering cracking of the modified surface of the active material.
- the function j C (T, CCP c , ⁇ DOD, I) is a function considering cracking of the active material itself. That is, the positive electrode capacity Q c is expressed by functions of the battery temperature T, the positive closed circuit potential CCP c , the amount of change ⁇ DOD (that is, the pulverization function f(t, ⁇ DOD)), and the charge/discharge current value I.
- the positive/negative electrode SOC displacement capacity Q Li correlates with the consumption of lithium ions due to the formation of films (SEI: Solid Electrolyte Interface) on the negative electrode and the positive electrode. Since the consumption of lithium ions due to the formation of the film is a chemical reaction, the positive and negative electrode SOC shift capacities Q Li follow the Arrhenius law. Therefore, the positive/negative electrode SOC shift capacity QLi can be expressed as a function of the battery temperature T.
- the positive/negative electrode SOC deviation capacity Q Li can be represented by a function of the negative electrode side closed circuit potential CCP a and the positive electrode side closed circuit potential CCP c .
- the positive/negative electrode SOC displacement capacity QLi is a formula including a pulverization function f(t, ⁇ DOD) (that is, a function of the amount of change ⁇ DOD) from the same theory as the negative electrode resistance R a and the positive electrode resistance R c can be expressed as
- the cracking of the active material itself in each electrode also depends on the charge/discharge current value I.
- the charge/discharge current value I increases, the current tends to flow more intensively in the low-resistance portions of the active material. As a result, strain is likely to occur in the active material, causing cracks in the active material itself. Therefore, the cracking of the active material itself of each electrode can be expressed as a function of the charge/discharge current value I or a function of the C rate that correlates with the charge/discharge current value I.
- the positive/negative electrode SOC deviation capacity Q Li is expressed by the function k A (T, CCP a ), the function k B (T, CCP a , ⁇ DOD, I), the function k C (T, CCP a , ⁇ DOD, I), the function It is represented by the following formula (14) using l A (T, CCP c ), function l B (T, CCP c , ⁇ DOD, I), and function l C (T, CCP c , ⁇ DOD, I) be.
- the function k A (T, CCP a ) is a function considering the formation of a film on the surface of the active material of the negative electrode.
- the function k B (T, CCP a , ⁇ DOD, I) is a function considering cracking of the film formed on the surface of the active material of the negative electrode.
- the function k C (T, CCP a , ⁇ DOD, I) is a function considering cracking of the negative electrode active material itself.
- the function l A (T, CCP c ) is a function that takes into consideration the formation of a film on the surface of the active material of the positive electrode.
- the function l B (T, CCP c , ⁇ DOD, I) is a function considering cracking of the film formed on the surface of the active material of the positive electrode.
- the function l C (T, CCP c , ⁇ DOD, I) is a function considering cracking of the positive electrode active material itself.
- the positive/negative SOC deviation capacity Q Li can be expressed as a function of the battery temperature T, the negative closed circuit potential CCP a , the positive closed circuit potential CCP c , the amount of change ⁇ DOD, and the charge/discharge current value I. can.
- the negative electrode capacity Qa corresponds to the number of negative electrode sites into which lithium ions can be inserted
- the positive electrode capacity Qc corresponds to the number of positive electrode sites into which lithium ions can be inserted.
- the positive/negative electrode SOC displacement capacity Q Li corresponds to the number of lithium ions that can move between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the ease of movement of all the lithium ions. Therefore, the smallest of the negative electrode capacity Q a , the positive electrode capacity Q c , and the positive/negative SOC deviation capacity Q Li corresponds to the battery capacity Q B of the secondary battery 25 .
- the battery diagnosis system 1 uses the calculated positive electrode capacity Q c and the like to calculate the element deterioration states SOHQ a e, SOHQ ce, SOHQ Li e, SOHR a e, SOHR ce.
- the element deterioration state SOHQ a e is calculated by obtaining the ratio of the current negative electrode capacity Q a of the secondary battery 25 to the initial negative electrode capacity Q a of the secondary battery 25 .
- the element deterioration state SOHQ ce is calculated by obtaining the ratio of the current positive electrode capacity Q c of the secondary battery 25 to the initial positive electrode capacity Q c of the secondary battery 25 .
- the element deterioration state SOHQ Li e is calculated by obtaining the ratio of the current positive and negative electrode SOC deviation capacity QLi of the secondary battery 25 to the initial positive and negative electrode SOC deviation capacity QLi of the secondary battery 25 .
- the element deterioration state SOHR a e is calculated by obtaining the ratio of the current negative electrode resistance Ra of the secondary battery 25 to the negative electrode resistance Ra of the secondary battery 25 in the initial state.
- the element deterioration state SOHR c e is calculated by obtaining the ratio of the positive electrode resistance R c of the secondary battery 25 at the present time to the positive electrode resistance R c of the secondary battery 25 in the initial state.
- the battery state SOHQBe for the entire secondary battery 25 can be obtained as the minimum value of the element deterioration states SOHQae , SOHQce , and SOHQLie .
- the constants included in each formula and the coefficients and constants of the functions constituting each formula are determined by referring to the battery characteristic information stored in the battery database 54.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 compares the state of deterioration specified by the calculated battery state of the secondary battery 25 with the state of deterioration actually occurring in the secondary battery 25.
- the deterioration states are compared and the battery characteristic information in the battery database 54 is updated.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 performs battery maintenance in the battery database 54 so that the states represented by the battery states SOHQ Be and SOHR Be match the state of deterioration actually occurring in the secondary battery 25 . Update property information.
- the deterioration state of each component of the secondary battery 25 can be highly predicted. can be done with precision.
- two secondary batteries 25 of the same type (hereinafter referred to as a first battery and a second battery for convenience) will be used to simulate the effect of different deterioration factors on the progress of deterioration in the future.
- the first battery and the second battery are secondary batteries of the same type.
- the horizontal axis of the graph shown in FIG. 9 indicates the square root of the number of days, and the vertical axis indicates the capacity retention rate of the secondary battery 25 .
- the capacity retention rate of the secondary battery 25 at a predetermined time is the ratio of the capacity of the secondary battery 25 at a predetermined time to the capacity of the secondary battery 25 in the initial state.
- the positive/negative SOC deviation capacity QLi is often used only in regions where That is, in the secondary battery 25 through which a large current flows, the battery capacity QB is often the positive/negative SOC deviation capacity QLi .
- the first battery was subjected to calendar deterioration in an environment of 45°C from a state where the capacity retention rate was 100%, and the capacity retention rate was lowered to 92%.
- the decrease in the capacity of the first battery was 7.2% due to film formation on each electrode, and 0.4% due to cracking of the film formed on the surface of the active material of each electrode. %, and 0.4% due to cracking of the active material itself of each electrode.
- the second battery was cycle-degraded in an environment of 45° C. from a state where the capacity retention rate was 100%, and the capacity retention rate was lowered to 92%. .
- the decrease in the capacity of the second battery was 4.0% due to film formation on each electrode, and 1.0% due to cracking of the film formed on the surface of the active material of each electrode. 6%, and 2.4% due to cracking of the active material itself of each electrode.
- the formula (14) relating to the positive/negative/negative SOC deviation capacity QLi is formed depending on the state of use up to that point. It can be seen that the value of each function differs between the first battery and the second battery.
- the first battery and the second battery with a capacity retention rate of 92% were deteriorated under the same conditions by combining cycle deterioration and calendar deterioration.
- the slope of the line L2 indicating the deterioration state of the second battery is greater than the slope of the line L1 indicating the deterioration state of the first battery. It's becoming In other words, under these conditions, the second battery, which was cycle-degraded first, deteriorated faster than the first battery, which was calendar-degraded first.
- the positive and negative electrode SOC displacement capacity QLi is a function considering the formation of a film on each electrode, a function considering the cracking of the film formed on the surface of the active material of each electrode, and a function considering the cracking of the active material itself of each electrode.
- a highly accurate battery capacity QB can be calculated by calculating based on a function that takes this into account. The same applies when the battery capacity QB becomes the negative electrode capacity Qa or the positive electrode capacity Qc .
- the negative electrode resistance R a and the positive electrode resistance R c are also calculated in consideration of a plurality of deterioration factors. Therefore, the negative electrode resistance R a and the positive electrode resistance R c can also be calculated with high accuracy from the same logic as the above-described battery capacity QB can be calculated with high accuracy.
- step S4 for the secondary battery 25, a plurality of deterioration factors that resulted in the battery state calculated in step S3 are extracted.
- the difference between the state of the secondary battery 25 in the initial state and the state of the secondary battery 25 at the present time is called a total deterioration amount Z.
- the total deterioration amount Z includes the calendar deterioration amount Za due to calendar deterioration, the cycle deterioration amount Zb due to cycle deterioration, and the deterioration amount Zc due to other deterioration factors. Therefore, the total deterioration amount Z is represented by the following formula (15).
- the calendar deterioration amount Za is the amount of deterioration of the secondary battery 25 caused by calendar deterioration.
- the deterioration of the calendar progresses over time regardless of whether the secondary battery 25 is energized. Moreover, it is considered that calendar deterioration progresses due to the formation of a film on the surface of the active material.
- the film is formed by a chemical reaction such as oxidation-reduction decomposition of the electrolytic solution of the secondary battery 25 and its additives, and is formed according to the Arrhenius law. can be represented.
- the calendar deterioration amount Za can be represented by a function of the closed circuit potential CCP. From the above, the calender deterioration amount Za can be obtained by the formula (16) using the function considering the formation of the film in the formulas (12) to (14) described above.
- the cycle deterioration amount Zb is the amount of deterioration of the secondary battery 25 caused by cycle deterioration. Cycle deterioration tends to progress as the secondary battery 25 is energized, and progresses more as the secondary battery 25 is energized when the battery temperature is low. Cycle deterioration is caused by the expansion and contraction of each electrode, etc., and is considered to progress by cracking of the film formed on the surface of the active material.
- the cycle deterioration amount Zb can be represented by a function of the change amount ⁇ DOD. From the above, the cycle deterioration amount Zb can be obtained by the formula (17) using the function considering the cracking of the film formed on the surface of the active material in the above formulas (12) to (14).
- the calendar deterioration amount Za and the cycle deterioration amount Zb in the current total deterioration amount Z of the secondary battery 25 can be obtained from the equations (16) and (17).
- the current deterioration of the secondary battery 25 is either calendar deterioration due to the formation of a film on the surface of the active material, or cycle deterioration due to cracking of the film formed on the surface of the active material. It is possible to evaluate whether the
- step S5 the battery diagnosis system 1 sets handling conditions.
- the handling condition is a condition that serves as a guideline for the contents of the proposed proposal together with the diagnostic result of the secondary battery 25 using the predicted battery state etc., and the future use schedule of the secondary battery 25 (the It also includes term conditions such as the year when use is to be terminated.
- handling conditions regarding maintenance are input from the information terminal 10 of the user U.
- the handling conditions of the first embodiment include cost conditions related to costs required for maintenance and period conditions such as the period required until maintenance is completed.
- step S6 the battery diagnostic system 1 acquires the predicted battery load that is expected to act on the secondary battery 25 when used in the future, and sets it as a condition for calculating the predicted battery state.
- the predicted battery load includes a predicted battery load generated by dividing the magnitude of the predicted battery load into a plurality of stages, and a prediction according to user characteristics learned from the battery load history acquired in step S1. Includes battery load. These predicted battery loads are generated in accordance with selections made by the user U using the information terminal 10, and used to calculate the predicted battery state and the like.
- each predicted battery load also includes items related to charging of the secondary battery 25, and includes types of general normal charging and quick charging that completes charging in a short time using a larger amount of power than normal charging. is
- Predicted battery load (1) is a predicted battery load generated so that the vehicle V travels 450 km/d per day. That is, the predicted battery load (1) corresponds to an example of the predicted battery load when the user U selects "large” as the magnitude of the predicted battery load in step S6.
- Predicted battery load (2) is a predicted battery load generated so that the daily travel distance of vehicle V is 150 km/d. This corresponds to an example of the predicted battery load when the user U selects "medium” as the magnitude of the battery load.
- Predicted battery load (3) is a predicted battery load generated so that the travel distance of the vehicle V per day is 100 km/d. That is, the predicted battery load (3) corresponds to an example of the predicted battery load when the user U selects "large” as the magnitude of the predicted battery load in step S6.
- Predicted battery load (4) is the predicted battery load generated according to the learning result of the battery load history. As shown in FIG. 10, predicted battery load (4) has some of the features of predicted battery load (2) and some of the features of predicted battery load (3), and the accumulated battery load history It is generated based on the learning results of Therefore, the predicted battery load (4) corresponds to an example of the predicted battery load when the user U selects "learning" as the predicted battery load in step S6.
- the predicted battery load may be correlated with the magnitude of the load acting on the secondary battery 25 when the secondary battery 25 is used in the future. Usage frequency, charging/discharging current value, battery temperature, etc. can be included. Further, when the usage characteristics of the user U (for example, the operation and frequency of operation of the accelerator pedal and the brake pedal) affect the load acting on the secondary battery 25, as in driving the vehicle V, the use of the user U Characteristics may be included in the information that constitutes the predicted battery load.
- step S7 the battery diagnostic system 1 determines, in accordance with the predicted battery load set in step S6, predicted element deterioration states SOHQ ap, SOHQ cp, SOHQ Li p, which will occur in the future when the secondary battery 25 is used. Calculate each of SOHR a p and SOHR c p.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates the predictive element deterioration states SOHQ a p and SOHR a p of the negative electrode based on a plurality of deterioration factors of the negative electrode of the secondary battery 25 . Then, the battery diagnostic system 1 calculates the predictive element deterioration states SOHQ cp and SOHR cp of the positive electrode based on a plurality of deterioration factors of the positive electrode in the secondary battery 25 . The battery diagnosis system 1 also calculates the predicted element deterioration state SOHQ Li p of the electrolyte based on a plurality of deterioration factors of the electrolyte in the secondary battery 25 .
- the deterioration factor of each battery component is the same as the deterioration factor of each battery component in steps S2 to S4 described above.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 calculates predicted battery states SOHQ B p and SOHR B p, which are deterioration states of the entire secondary battery 25 that will occur in the future when the secondary battery 25 is used according to the predicted battery load.
- the predicted calendar deterioration amount and the predicted cycle deterioration amount can be calculated using the same theory as when calculating the battery state.
- step S8 the battery diagnosis system 1 uses the calculated predicted battery states SOHQ Bp and SOHR Bp to rank the used secondary battery 25 according to the predicted battery load.
- the ranking of the secondary battery 25 is basically performed based on a map configured by associating the capacity rank of the capacity of the secondary battery 25 with the resistance rank of the resistance of the secondary battery 25 .
- the capacity rank of the secondary battery 25 is determined by the capacity of the secondary battery 25 required in the usage mode according to the predicted battery load, the battery state SOHQ Be calculated in step S3, and the predicted battery state calculated in step S7. It is defined based on SOHQ Bp.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates the life time when specifying the capacity rank. Specifically, the battery diagnostic system 1 calculates the relationship between the number of days of use of the secondary battery 25 up to the present time and the battery state SOHQ Be. Next, the battery diagnosis system 1 determines the relationship between the number of days of use when the secondary battery 25 is to be used in the future in the usage mode related to the predicted battery load and the predicted battery state SOHQ Bp according to the predicted battery load. The calculation is performed until a required capacity retention rate indicating the capacity of the secondary battery 25 required in the mode of use is obtained. The service life time is the time from the start of use according to the predicted battery load until the capacity retention rate of the secondary battery 25 reaches the required capacity retention rate.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 calculates the life mileage.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates the relationship between the distance traveled by the vehicle V equipped with the secondary battery 25 up to the present time and the battery state SOHQ Be.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 predicts the relationship between the travel distance and the predicted battery state SOHQ Bp when the vehicle V equipped with the secondary battery 25 will travel in the future in a usage mode related to the predicted battery load. Calculation is performed until the value of the battery state SOHQ Bp reaches the required capacity retention rate.
- the life mileage means the mileage from the start of use according to the predicted battery load when the predicted battery state SOHQBp of the secondary battery 25 becomes the required capacity maintenance rate.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 determines the capacity rank using a map that preliminarily calculates the relationship between the life time, the life mileage, and the capacity rank. For example, the battery diagnostic system 1 assigns a higher capacity rank to a battery having a longer service life and a longer running time.
- the capacity ranks are ranked using letters A to H, with A being the highest capacity rank and descending in alphabetical order.
- the capacity of the secondary battery 25 required in the usage mode according to the predicted battery load is defined based on the state SOHR B p.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates the required number of days required in the usage mode related to the predicted battery load. Specifically, the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates the relationship between the number of days of use of the secondary battery 25 up to the present time and the battery state SOHR Be.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 determines the relationship between the number of days of use when the secondary battery 25 is to be used in the future in a usage mode related to the predicted battery load and the predicted battery state SOHR Bp according to the predicted battery load. The calculation is performed until the required resistance increase rate indicating the capacity of the secondary battery 25 required in the mode of use is obtained.
- the life time related to the resistance rank is the time from the start of use according to the predicted battery load until the resistance increase rate of the secondary battery 25 reaches the required resistance increase rate.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates the life mileage.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 calculates the relationship between the distance traveled by the vehicle V equipped with the secondary battery 25 up to the present time and the battery state SOHR Be.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 predicts the relationship between the predicted battery state SOHR Bp and the traveling distance when the vehicle V equipped with the secondary battery 25 will travel in the future in a usage mode related to the predicted battery load. Calculation is performed until the value of the battery state SOHR B p reaches the required resistance increase rate.
- the life mileage related to the resistance rank means the mileage from the start of use according to the predicted battery load when the predicted battery state SOHR Bp of the secondary battery 25 becomes the required resistance increase rate.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 determines the resistance rank using a map that pre-calculates the relationship between the life time and the life travel distance calculated for the resistance rank and the resistance rank. For example, the battery diagnostic system 1 assigns a higher resistance rank to a battery having a longer service life and a longer running time.
- the resistance ranks are ranked using the letters A to H, with A being the highest and the ranks decreasing in alphabetical order.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 uses the determined capacity rank and resistance rank to rank the residual value of the secondary battery 25 when the secondary battery 25 is used in a usage mode related to the predicted battery load. As shown in FIG. 11 , the higher the capacity rank and the higher the resistance rank, the higher the residual value of the secondary battery 25 .
- the battery diagnostic system 1 evaluates the ratio of the predicted calendar deterioration amount and the predicted cycle deterioration amount based on the required capacity in the usage mode related to the predicted battery load, and evaluates the residual value in the same rank range.
- step S9 the battery diagnosis system 1 detects information such as the battery state SOHQB e, SOHRB e, the predicted battery state SOHQBp , SOHRBp , the rank of the secondary battery 25, and the information stored in the storage device 53. Using the map, the remaining value of the secondary battery 25 is calculated.
- Element deterioration states SOHQ a e, SOHQ ce, SOHQ Li e, SOHR a e, SOHR ce, calendar deterioration amount Za, and cycle deterioration amount Zb may be used as information used for residual value evaluation. It is also possible to evaluate the residual value using the predicted element deterioration state SOHQ ap, SOHQ cp, SOHQ Lip, SOHR ap, SOHR cp, predicted calendar deterioration amount, and predicted cycle deterioration amount. .
- the remaining value of the secondary battery 25 is calculated as a monetary amount.
- the value of the reference value may be changed according to the market value of the secondary battery 25 or the mode of use related to the predicted battery load.
- step S10 the battery diagnosis system 1 receives information such as the battery state SOHQB e, SOHRB e, the predicted battery state SOHQBp , SOHRBp , the rank of the secondary battery 25, and the handling set in step S5. Based on the conditions, the recommended handling manner is extracted.
- Element deterioration states SOHQ ae , SOHQ ce, SOHQ Li e, SOHR a e, SOHR ce, calendar deterioration amount Za, and cycle deterioration amount Zb may be used as information used for extracting the recommended handling mode. It is also possible to extract a recommended handling mode using the predicted element deterioration state SOHQ ap, SOHQ cp, SOHQ Lip, SOHR ap, SOHR cp, predicted calendar deterioration amount, and predicted cycle deterioration amount. .
- the recommended handling manner regarding the maintenance method of the secondary battery 25 is extracted.
- the secondary battery 25 is configured by a battery pack in which a plurality of battery modules are unitized.
- the heat dissipation performance of the battery modules may differ, and the battery temperature T may differ for each battery module.
- the progress of deterioration of the secondary battery 25 is greatly affected by the battery temperature T, and thus the degree of progress of deterioration of each battery module also differs.
- the performance of the secondary battery 25 is determined by the battery module with the lowest performance among the battery modules that make up the battery pack (that is, the battery module that has deteriorated the most). Therefore, in order to efficiently exhibit the performance of the secondary battery 25, it is important to perform appropriate maintenance.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 presents an appropriate maintenance technique in view of the current state of the secondary battery 25 and the usage mode related to the predicted battery load.
- Maintenance methods for the secondary battery 25 include replacement with a used battery pack, replacement with a new battery pack, recombination of battery modules, replacement of battery modules, and the like.
- Replacing with a used battery pack is a maintenance method of replacing the battery pack itself with a used battery pack.
- Replacing with a new battery pack is a maintenance method of replacing the battery pack itself with a new battery pack.
- Recombination of battery modules is a maintenance method for changing the arrangement of the multiple battery modules that make up the battery pack to improve the performance of the battery pack.
- Replacing battery modules is a maintenance method of replacing a deteriorated battery module among the battery modules that make up the battery pack with a new or second-hand battery module.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 based on information such as the battery state SOHQ Be, SOHR Be, the predicted battery state SOHQ Bp , SOHR Bp, the rank of the secondary battery 25, and the handling conditions set in step S5, A recommended maintenance method is extracted as a recommended handling mode.
- the maintenance cost conditions and period conditions are set as the handling conditions, the information input from the repair shop F and the information input from the dealer D are added to extract the recommended maintenance method.
- the handling conditions include cost conditions
- the information on labor costs related to maintenance input by the repair shop F and the information on the prices of parts required for maintenance (for example, battery modules) input by the dealer D are referred to. be. This makes it possible to extract a recommended maintenance method that meets the cost conditions.
- the handling conditions include period conditions
- the information on the work reservation status and required time for maintenance entered by the repair shop F, and the information on the delivery date of parts required for maintenance (for example, battery modules) entered by the dealer D. is referenced. This makes it possible to extract a recommended maintenance method that meets the period conditions.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 stores the information on the recommended handling mode in the storage device 53, and proceeds to step S11.
- step S11 the battery diagnostic system 1 outputs the diagnostic results obtained in the processes up to step S10.
- the diagnostic results can include the current state of deterioration of the secondary battery 25, the state of deterioration of the secondary battery 25 when used in a usage manner related to the predicted battery load, recommended handling manners, and the like.
- the current state of deterioration of the secondary battery 25 includes battery state SOHQ Be, SOHR Be, element deterioration state SOHQ ae , SOHQ ce, SOHQ Li e, SOHR a e, SOHR ce, and calendar deterioration amount Za. , cycle deterioration amount Zb.
- the state of deterioration of the secondary battery 25 when used in a usage mode related to the predicted battery load includes predicted battery states SOHQ B p, SOHR B p, predicted element deterioration states SOHQ a p, SOHQ cp, SOHQ Li p, SOHR a p, SOHR c p can be mentioned. Furthermore, the predicted calendar deterioration amount and the predicted cycle deterioration amount can also be used.
- the output form of the diagnosis result may be printed on a paper medium via a printer (not shown), or may be displayed on the screen of the information terminal 10 owned by each user U or the like. After outputting the diagnosis result, the battery diagnosis system 1 terminates the battery diagnosis process.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 executes the data interpolation processing in step S23 when part of the configuration data of the battery load history is missing, and the rest of the configuration data is The parts are used to extrapolate and interpolate some of the missing configuration data.
- data interpolation process unlike the extrapolation method, based on a certain known data string, data are generated to fill the range of each section of the data string.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 even if part of the configuration data of the battery load history is missing, it is possible to acquire the battery load history with high accuracy. Furthermore, in the battery diagnostic system 1, the element deterioration state, battery state, and deterioration factor of the secondary battery 25 are estimated using the battery load history with high accuracy, and using the battery state, deterioration factor, and predicted battery load, A predicted battery state of the secondary battery 25 that will occur in the future is predicted. Therefore, according to the battery diagnosis system 1, even if a part of the battery load history is missing, the future battery life of the secondary battery 25 can be predicted based on the deterioration state of the secondary battery 25 at the present time. A state etc. can be diagnosed with higher accuracy.
- step S6 when the secondary battery 25 is used in accordance with the future usage pattern of the secondary battery 25, the prediction specifying the load that is expected to be applied to the secondary battery 25 is performed. A battery load is generated.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 can predict the predicted battery state and the like using the predicted battery load that matches the future usage of the secondary battery 25, and the deterioration of the secondary battery 25 can be performed with higher accuracy. can provide diagnostic results for
- step S6 the predicted battery load generated according to the learning result using the battery load history can be set, and the predicted battery state and the like can be calculated using the set predicted battery load. Predictions can be made.
- the learning result using the battery load history corresponds to the mode of use of the secondary battery 25 that is frequently performed. Therefore, the battery diagnostic system 1 can set the most feasible predicted battery load when predicting the predicted battery state, etc., and provides highly accurate prediction results of the predicted battery state, etc. with a small burden. be able to.
- step S9 the battery diagnosis system 1 uses the predicted battery state of the secondary battery 25 and the like to evaluate the residual value of the secondary battery 25 when used in a usage mode related to the predicted battery load.
- the future usage mode of the secondary battery 25 can be adjusted by comparing with the usage mode related to the predicted battery load.
- the residual value of the secondary battery 25 can be brought close to a desired state.
- step S8 the battery diagnostic system 1 ranks the predicted battery state of the secondary battery 25 using the capacity rank and the resistance rank. Then, in step S9, the battery diagnostic system 1 evaluates the residual value of the secondary battery 25 using the ranking result.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 evaluates the residual value of the secondary battery 25 using the ranking results, so that the evaluation of the residual value of the secondary battery 25 can be calculated and presented in an easy-to-understand manner.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 when ranking the secondary batteries 25 in step S8, in addition to the capacity rank and the resistance rank, the predicted calendar deterioration amount and the predicted cycle deterioration amount are used for ranking. conduct.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 can evaluate the residual value of the secondary battery 25 in more detail by using the predicted calendar deterioration amount and the predicted cycle deterioration amount. Further, since the predicted calendar deterioration amount and the predicted cycle deterioration amount affect how the deterioration progresses in the secondary battery 25 after that, the residual value of the secondary battery 25 can be evaluated in detail.
- step S9 the battery diagnostic system 1 uses the reference values determined for the components of the secondary battery 25 (that is, the negative electrode, the positive electrode, and the electrolyte) and the predicted element deterioration state to determine the secondary battery 25. Calculate the residual value as a monetary amount.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 can clearly determine the residual value of the secondary battery 25. Further, for example, by changing the reference value in conjunction with the market value of the secondary battery 25, it is possible to calculate the residual value of the secondary battery 25 corresponding to fluctuations in the market value, thereby enabling the secondary battery 25 to be used with higher accuracy. The remaining value of the battery 25 can be presented.
- step S10 the battery diagnosis system 1 extracts and proposes a handling mode that can further increase the residual value of the secondary battery 25 by using the predicted battery state of the secondary battery 25 and the handling conditions. do.
- the residual value of the secondary battery 25 can be increased by executing the proposed handling mode.
- the manner of handling is specifically proposed, the residual value of the secondary battery 25 can be efficiently increased.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 uses the handling conditions input in step S5 to extract a handling mode that can further increase the residual value of the secondary battery 25 .
- the setting of the handling conditions in step S5 is input, for example, at the user U's information terminal 10 or the like.
- the intention of the person concerned (for example, the user U) can be reflected in the extraction of the handling manner, and the residual value of the secondary battery 25 can be increased in a manner desired by the person concerned.
- FIG. 12 to 14 a second embodiment different from the above-described embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 to 14.
- FIG. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the type of business to which the battery diagnosis system 1 is applied. Since other basic configurations of the battery diagnosis system 1 are the same as those of the above-described embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 according to the second embodiment lends a plurality of self-owned secondary batteries 25 to a plurality of users U, and maintains and manages the plurality of secondary batteries 25 at a battery station BS. applied to The battery diagnosis system 1 according to the second embodiment manages the progress of deterioration of the plurality of secondary batteries 25 in the battery station BS, and makes suggestions for performing maintenance work on the secondary batteries 25 in a desired manner. .
- the configuration of the battery diagnostic system 1 according to the second embodiment will be described.
- a management server 50 and a plurality of secondary batteries 25 are arranged in the battery station BS.
- the user U has a lent secondary battery 25 and an information terminal 10 . Since the configurations of the information terminal 10, the secondary battery 25, and the management server 50 are the same as those of the first embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.
- step S1 of the second embodiment the battery load history of the secondary battery 25 lent to the user U or the secondary battery 25 arranged at the battery station BS is acquired.
- steps S2 to S4 of the second embodiment all the secondary batteries 25 in the battery diagnosis system 1 are subjected to calculation of element deterioration states, calculation of battery states, and extraction of deterioration factors.
- the contents of each process in steps S2 to S4 are the same as in the first embodiment.
- step S5 handling conditions are set.
- the handling conditions for the battery station BS are set using the input device of the management server 50 .
- the handling conditions according to the second embodiment include sequential maintenance in which maintenance is performed on a plurality of secondary batteries 25 in sequence, and simultaneous maintenance in which maintenance is performed on all secondary batteries 25 at the same time. Handling conditions according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14. FIG.
- the number of secondary batteries 25 constituting the battery diagnosis system 1 is three, and the secondary battery (1), the secondary battery (2), and the secondary battery (2), respectively. It is called the secondary battery (3).
- Graphs on the left side of FIGS. 13 and 14 show the battery states at the time when the process proceeds to step S5, in the order of secondary battery (2), secondary battery (1), and secondary battery (3). It is deteriorating significantly.
- sequential maintenance will be described as a handling condition in the second embodiment.
- the sequential maintenance is a handling condition that divides the secondary batteries 25 of the battery diagnosis system 1 into a plurality of groups and sets maintenance of the secondary batteries 25 sequentially for each group. For this reason, as a handling mode when sequential maintenance is set, the secondary battery 25 and the user U who uses the secondary battery 25 are arranged so that the amount of deterioration specified by the predicted battery state differs for each group. A combination is defined.
- the secondary battery (2), the secondary battery (1), and the secondary battery (3) reach the deterioration amount as the maintenance standard in that order.
- the combination of each secondary battery 25 and the user U is determined so as to do.
- simultaneous maintenance which is a handling condition in the second embodiment, will be described.
- simultaneous maintenance is a handling condition that determines that all of the secondary batteries 25 of the battery diagnostic system 1 are to be maintained at the same time. For this reason, as a handling mode when simultaneous maintenance is set, secondary batteries 25 and secondary batteries 25 are used so that the amount of deterioration specified by the predicted battery state is the same for all the secondary batteries 25. A combination with the user U who will perform is determined.
- step S6 the information terminal 10 of each user U generates a predicted battery load based on the input future usage of the secondary battery 25, and calculates the predicted battery load for the secondary battery 25. set as a load.
- the predicted battery state is calculated using the set predicted battery load, ranking is performed, and residual value is evaluated. Since these points are the same as those of the first embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.
- step S10 the battery diagnosis system 1 performs information such as the battery state SOHQ B e, SOHR B e, the predicted battery state SOHQ B p, SOHR B p, the rank of the secondary battery 25, and the like, and step S5. Extract the recommended handling mode based on the handling conditions set in .
- a recommended handling manner is defined that defines a combination with a user U who uses V.25.
- step S11 when simultaneous maintenance is set as a handling condition, as shown on the right side of FIG. , a recommended handling mode that defines the combination with the user U is defined. After extracting the recommended handling mode, the process proceeds to step S11.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 outputs the diagnosis results obtained in the processing up to step S10.
- the diagnostic results can include the current state of deterioration of the secondary battery 25, the state of deterioration of the secondary battery 25 when used in a usage manner related to the predicted battery load, recommended handling manners, and the like.
- the battery station BS is defined as the output destination of the diagnosis result. As for the form of output, it may be displayed on a display arranged at the battery station BS, or may be printed out on a paper medium.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 according to the second embodiment is applied to a type of business such as a battery station BS, the configuration similar to that of the above-described embodiment can be used as the above-described embodiment. A similar effect can be obtained.
- FIG. 15 a third embodiment different from the above-described embodiments will be described with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16.
- FIG. in the third embodiment the type of business to which the battery diagnosis system 1 is applied is different from the embodiment described above. Since other basic configurations of the battery diagnosis system 1 are the same as those of the above-described embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 according to the third embodiment is applied to an aggregator AG that arbitrates the power of the secondary battery 25 owned by the user U and the power demand of the electric power company EC and the power consumer DM in a well-balanced manner. .
- the battery diagnosis system 1 responds to the power demand of the electric power company EC and the power consumer DM, and at the same time, the profit associated with the use of the power sold from the secondary battery 25 of each user U and the progress of deterioration. Arbitrate to strike the right balance.
- the power supply ES from the secondary battery 25 of the user U and the power supply ES to the power consumer DM are indicated by dashed lines.
- FIG. 16 shows time-series changes in the power consumption Pco of a certain user U and the charging power amount of the secondary battery 25 .
- User U owns two secondary batteries 25, which are referred to as secondary battery (A) and secondary battery (B), respectively.
- the charging power amount of the secondary battery (A) is referred to as charging power amount CPa
- the charging power amount of the secondary battery (B) is referred to as charging power amount CPb.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 is configured to effectively utilize the surplus power of the user U and provide the user U with a profit.
- a management server 50 is arranged in the aggregator AG. Further, in the battery diagnostic system 1 according to the third embodiment, the user U has the secondary battery 25 owned by the user U and the information terminal 10 .
- Information terminals 10 are also arranged for the power company EC and the power consumer DM.
- the information terminals 10 of the power supplier ES and the power consumer DM are used to input information on their respective power demands. Since the configurations of the information terminal 10, the secondary battery 25, and the management server 50 are the same as those of the above-described embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.
- step S ⁇ b>1 of the third embodiment the battery load history of the secondary battery 25 owned by the user U is acquired and transmitted to the management server 50 .
- the battery load history according to the third embodiment also includes information on power sales to power companies EC and power consumers DM.
- steps S2 to S4 of the third embodiment all the secondary batteries 25 in the battery diagnosis system 1 are subjected to calculation of element deterioration states, calculation of battery states, and extraction of deterioration factors.
- the contents of each process in steps S2 to S4 are the same as in the above-described embodiment.
- handling conditions related to power arbitration are set.
- the handling conditions according to the third embodiment are the appropriateness of power demand and power supply from the viewpoint of the residual value cost of the secondary battery 25 owned by the user U and the cost of selling power to the power company EC and the power consumer DM. A combination is determined.
- step S6 the user U's information terminal 10 generates a predicted battery load related to the power consumption of the user U based on the input future usage of the secondary battery 25. be.
- a predicted battery load related to the user U's use of sold power is generated in accordance with the input of the power demand and the power purchase price to the information terminals 10 of the power company EC and the power consumer DM.
- the predicted battery state is calculated using the set predicted battery load, ranking is performed, and residual value is evaluated. Since these points are the same as those of the above-described embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.
- step S10 the battery diagnosis system 1 performs information such as the battery state SOHQ B e, SOHR B e, the predicted battery state SOHQ B p, SOHR B p, the rank of the secondary battery 25, etc., and step S5. Extract the recommended handling mode based on the handling conditions set in .
- the handling mode of using the surplus power of the secondary battery (B) to charge the secondary battery (A) can be considered as the recommended handling mode.
- a recommended handling mode a handling mode in which the surplus power of the secondary battery (B) is sold to an electric power company EC or a power consumer DM, which is an external power system.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 shifts the process to step S11.
- step S11 the battery diagnosis system 1 outputs the diagnosis results obtained in the processing up to step S10.
- the diagnostic results can include the current state of deterioration of the secondary battery 25, the state of deterioration of the secondary battery 25 when used in a usage manner related to the predicted battery load, recommended handling manners, and the like.
- the user U who is a party to the power arbitration is determined as the output destination of the diagnosis result. As an output form, it may be displayed on the display of the information terminal 10 owned by the user U, or may be printed out on a paper medium.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 according to the third embodiment even when applied to an aggregator AG that performs power arbitration using the power of the secondary battery 25, the configuration similar to that of the above-described embodiment can be used. A similar effect can be obtained.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 according to the fourth embodiment is applied to a used car dealer UCD that sells vehicles V equipped with secondary batteries 25 to users U.
- the battery diagnostic system 1 according to the fourth embodiment diagnoses the state of deterioration of the secondary battery 25 of a plurality of vehicles V owned by a used car dealer UCD, and determines whether the vehicle corresponds to the mode of use and the state of deterioration desired by the user U. It is configured to propose V.
- the used car dealer UCD has a management server 50 and a plurality of vehicles V (that is, electric vehicles) on which secondary batteries 25 are mounted.
- V that is, electric vehicles
- each user U in the fourth embodiment has an information terminal 10 .
- the user U uses the information terminal 10 to input information such as the usage schedule after purchase, the required travel distance, and the life of the secondary battery 25 .
- the information input by the user U is transmitted to the management server 50 of the used car dealer UCD, and constitutes the predicted battery load and handling conditions. Since the configurations of the information terminal 10, the secondary battery 25, and the management server 50 are the same as those of the above-described embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.
- step S1 of the fourth embodiment the battery load history of the secondary battery 25 owned by the used car dealer UCD is obtained.
- steps S2 to S4 of the fourth embodiment the secondary battery 25 of the vehicle V is targeted for element deterioration state calculation, battery state calculation, and deterioration factor extraction.
- the contents of each process in steps S2 to S4 are the same as in the above-described embodiment.
- the handling conditions are set based on the input on the information terminal 10 of the user U.
- the handling conditions according to the fourth embodiment are composed of the conditions that the user U requests for the vehicle V to purchase. Therefore, the information constituting the handling conditions includes the vehicle type, model year, mileage, expected period of use, purpose of use, and the like.
- step S6 the user U's information terminal 10 generates a predicted battery load based on the input future usage of the secondary battery 25 .
- steps S7 to S9 according to the fourth embodiment calculation of predicted battery state using the set predicted battery load, execution of ranking, and evaluation of remaining value are performed. Since these points are the same as those of the above-described embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.
- step S10 the battery diagnosis system 1 performs information such as the battery state SOHQ B e, SOHR B e, the predicted battery state SOHQ B p, SOHR B p, the rank of the secondary battery 25, etc., and step S5. Extract the recommended handling mode based on the handling conditions set in .
- the battery diagnostic system 1 extracts, as a recommended handling mode, information on vehicles V that match the handling conditions input by the user U from among the vehicles V owned by the used car dealer UCD. After extracting the recommended handling mode, the battery diagnostic system 1 shifts the process to step S11.
- information on multiple vehicles V that meet the handling conditions may be extracted. Further, as the information of the extracted vehicle V, information of the selling price of the used vehicle may be added.
- step S11 the battery diagnosis system 1 outputs the diagnosis results obtained in the processing up to step S10.
- the diagnostic results include the current state of deterioration of the secondary battery 25, the state of deterioration of the secondary battery 25 when used in a manner of use related to the predicted battery load, recommended handling manners, and the like. can be included.
- the user U who is a prospective purchaser is determined as the output destination of the diagnosis result. As an output form, it may be displayed on the display of the information terminal 10 owned by the user U, or may be printed out on a paper medium.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 even when applied to a used car dealer UCD related to a vehicle V equipped with a secondary battery 25, the configuration similar to that of the embodiment described above is used. effect can be obtained.
- the second-hand car dealer UCD sells the vehicle V owned by itself to the user U who is the demander, but it is not limited to this mode.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 it is possible to apply the battery diagnosis system 1 to a used car dealer UCD that acts as an intermediary between a user U who is a seller and a user U who is a buyer.
- the battery load history is obtained from the user U who is the seller, and the handling conditions and information necessary for generating the predicted battery load are set by input from the user U who is the buyer.
- the battery diagnosis system 1 is applied to an intermediary used car dealer UCD, the same effects as in the fourth embodiment can be exhibited.
- Businesses to which the battery diagnostic system 1 of the present disclosure can be applied are not limited to the above-described embodiments. It can be applied to various business types as long as the type of business requires the use of the secondary battery 25 .
- the battery diagnosis system 1 may be applied as a method of estimate assessment when a used car dealer UCD purchases a battery-powered vehicle owned by a user U. According to this, the user U can grasp the state of deterioration, residual value, etc. of the secondary battery 25, and thus can judge the validity of the assessed price by the used car dealer UCD.
- the vehicle V that uses the power of the secondary battery 25 as a drive source is adopted as a device that uses the secondary battery 25, but it is not limited to this aspect. If the battery load history can be acquired, various modes can be adopted as the device using the secondary battery 25 .
- the device used constituting the battery diagnosis system 1 is not limited to one type (for example, a vehicle), and it is possible to adopt a plurality of types of devices as long as the battery load history can be acquired. be.
- the number of secondary batteries 25 constituting the battery diagnostic system 1 and the type of predicted battery load which is the mode of use of the secondary batteries 25 in the future, are not limited to the above-described embodiment.
- the number of secondary batteries 25 and the type of predicted battery load can be appropriately changed according to the calculated load such as the predicted battery state and the performance of the management server 50 .
- the method of evaluating the residual value of the secondary battery 25 is not limited to the above-described embodiment.
- a method for evaluating the residual value of the secondary battery 25 in the battery diagnosis system 1 various methods can be adopted as long as the residual value of the secondary battery 25 can be evaluated.
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Abstract
Description
図1~図11を用いて、本開示の第1実施形態を説明する。本実施形態では、本開示に係る電池診断システム1を、ユーザーUの所有する二次電池25の劣化状態等を推定して診断し、二次電池25のメンテナンスに関する提案を行う業種に適用している。
又、電池診断システム1によれば、ステップS8にて、二次電池25のランク分けを行う際に、容量ランク及び抵抗ランクに加えて、予測カレンダー劣化量、予測サイクル劣化量を用いたランク付けを行う。
次に、上述した実施形態と異なる第2実施形態について、図12~図14を参照して説明する。第2実施形態では、電池診断システム1を適用する業態が第1実施形態と相違している。その他の電池診断システム1の基本的構成等については、上述した実施形態と同様である為、再度の説明を省略する。
続いて、上述した実施形態と異なる第3実施形態について、図15、図16を参照して説明する。第3実施形態では、電池診断システム1を適用する業態が上述した実施形態と相違している。その他の電池診断システム1の基本的構成等については、上述した実施形態と同様である為、再度の説明を省略する。
次に、上述した実施形態と異なる第4実施形態について、図17を参照して説明する。第4実施形態では、電池診断システム1を適用する業態が上述した実施形態と相違している。その他の電池診断システム1の基本的構成等については、上述した実施形態と同様である為、再度の説明を省略する。
業者UCDによる査定価格の妥当性を判断することができる。
Claims (9)
- 使用された二次電池(25)に対する負荷の履歴である電池負荷履歴を取得する負荷履歴取得部(51a)と、
前記電池負荷履歴の構成データに関して、前記構成データの一部が欠落していた場合、前記構成データの残りの部分を用いて、欠落している前記構成データの一部を推定して補間する補間処理部(51b)と、
前記電池負荷履歴に基づいて、前記二次電池における現在の劣化状態と、前記劣化状態をもたらした劣化要因を推定する劣化推定部(51c)と、
前記二次電池の今後の使用態様によって、前記二次電池にかかると予測される負荷を示す予測電池負荷と、前記劣化推定部で推定された前記二次電池の現在の前記劣化状態及び前記劣化要因を用いて、前記使用態様で使用された場合に将来的に発生する前記二次電池の予測劣化状態を予測して診断する劣化予測部(51d)と、
前記劣化予測部で予測された前記二次電池の前記予測劣化状態を出力する出力部(51e)と、を有する電池診断システム。 - 前記二次電池の今後の前記使用態様に従って前記二次電池が使用された場合に、前記二次電池にかかると予測される負荷を特定して、前記予測電池負荷を生成する予測負荷生成部(51f)を有する請求項1に記載の電池診断システム。
- 前記予測負荷生成部は、前記電池負荷履歴を用いた学習結果に従って、前記電池負荷履歴に対応する前記使用態様で前記二次電池が使用された場合の前記予測電池負荷を生成する請求項2に記載の電池診断システム。
- 前記劣化予測部により予測された前記二次電池の前記予測劣化状態を用いて、今後の前記使用態様で使用した場合の前記二次電池の残価値を評価する残価値評価部(51g)と、を有する請求項1ないし3の何れか1つに記載の電池診断システム。
- 前記劣化予測部により予測された前記二次電池の電池構成要素の状態を用いて、前記二次電池の前記予測劣化状態に関して、前記二次電池のランク付けを行うランク特定部(51h)を有し、
前記残価値評価部は、前記ランク特定部で定められた前記二次電池のランクを用いて、前記二次電池の残価値を評価する請求項4に記載の電池診断システム。 - 前記ランク特定部は、前記二次電池の電池構成要素の状態に加えて、前記劣化予測部により予測された前記二次電池の前記劣化要因を用いて、前記二次電池の前記予測劣化状態に関する前記二次電池のランク付けを行う請求項5に記載の電池診断システム。
- 前記残価値評価部は、前記二次電池の電池構成要素に対して定められた基準値と、前記劣化予測部により予測された前記二次電池の電池構成要素の状態とを用いて、前記二次電池の残価値を、金額として算出する請求項4ないし6の何れか1つに記載の電池診断システム。
- 前記残価値評価部により評価された前記二次電池の残価値と、前記二次電池の将来的な取扱いに関する取扱条件とを用いて、前記二次電池の残価値を高めることができる前記二次電池の将来的な取扱い態様を提案する提案部(51i)と、を有する請求項4ないし7の何れか1つに記載の電池診断システム。
- 前記二次電池の将来的な取扱いに関する取扱条件が入力される条件入力部(51j)を有し、
前記提案部は、前記条件入力部で入力された取扱条件を用いて、前記二次電池の残価値を高めることができる前記二次電池の将来的な取扱い態様を提案する請求項8に記載の電池診断システム。
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