WO2022180096A1 - Pesticidal compositions - Google Patents

Pesticidal compositions Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2022180096A1
WO2022180096A1 PCT/EP2022/054528 EP2022054528W WO2022180096A1 WO 2022180096 A1 WO2022180096 A1 WO 2022180096A1 EP 2022054528 W EP2022054528 W EP 2022054528W WO 2022180096 A1 WO2022180096 A1 WO 2022180096A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spp
plant
component
combination
insect
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/054528
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Russell Slater
Anke Buchholz
Urs Bannwart
Original Assignee
Syngenta Crop Protection Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Syngenta Crop Protection Ag filed Critical Syngenta Crop Protection Ag
Priority to CN202280014984.1A priority Critical patent/CN116887676A/en
Publication of WO2022180096A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022180096A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/707—1,2,3- or 1,2,4-triazines; Hydrogenated 1,2,3- or 1,2,4-triazines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combination for the control of damage caused by insects, especially insects in the order Hemiptera such as planthoppers and/or leafhoppers, in particular on rice plants, which combination comprises a mixture of active ingredients Pymetrozine and Triflumezopyrim, and to methods of controlling or preventing damage to useful plants.
  • WO 2012/092115 discloses use of Triflumezopyrim for controlling intervertebrate pests such as arthropods.
  • WO 2011/017351 discloses mixtures of Pymetrozine and Triflumezopyrim.
  • IN 380254 discloses use of mixtures of Pymetrozine and Triflumezopyrim against Nilaparvata lugens.
  • pesticidal combinations which provide improved, for example, biological properties for controlling insects on rice plants.
  • the benefits may also be an increased safety profile, improved physico-chemical properties, or increased biodegradability.
  • the present invention provides a method of controlling or preventing damage to a rice plant caused by an insect in the order Hemiptera, wherein said method comprises applying on the plant, the locus thereof or its propagation material a combination comprising the following components:
  • component (II) Triflumezopyrim, wherein the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) is from 7:1 to 9:1 .
  • the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) in the method of the invention is from 7:1 to 8:1 , more preferably 7.5:1 .
  • the method of the invention controls or prevents damage to a rice plant caused by an insect in the order Hemiptera, wherein said method comprises applying on the plant, the locus thereof or its propagation material a combination comprising the following components:
  • component (II) from 10 to 45 g/ha of Triflumezopyrim, wherein the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) is from 7:1 to 9:1 .
  • the method of the invention controls or prevents damage to a rice plant caused by an insect in the order Hemiptera, wherein said method comprises applying on the plant, the locus thereof or its propagation material a combination comprising the following components:
  • component (II) from 15 to 30 g/ha, preferably from 20 to 25 g/ha of Triflumezopyrim, wherein the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) is from 7:1 to 9:1.
  • insects in the order Hemiptera include, for instance, Acrosternum spp., Adelphocohs lineolatus, Aleurodes spp., Amblypelta nitida, Bathycoelia thalassina, Blissus spp.,
  • Cimex spp. Clavigralla tomentosicollis, Creontiades spp., Distantiella theobroma, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus spp., Edessa spp., Eurydema pulchrum, Eurygaster spp., Halyomorpha halys, Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp., Lygus spp., Margarodes spp., Murgantia histrionic, Neomegalotomus spp., Nesidiocoris tenuis, Nezara spp., Nysius simulans, Oebalus insularis, Piesma spp., Piezodorus spp., Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scaptocoris castaneus, Scotinophara spp., Thyanta spp., Triatoma spp., Va
  • Planococcus spp. Pseudaulacaspis spp., Pseudococcus spp., Pseudatomoscelis seriatus, Psylla spp., Pulvinaria aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus spp., Quesada gigas, Recilia dorsalis, Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoideus spp., Schizaphis spp., Sitobion spp., Sogatella spp., Spissistilus festinus, Tarophagus Proserpina, Toxoptera spp., Trialeurodes spp., Trionymus spp., Trioza erytreae, Unaspis citri, Zygina flammigera, or Zyginidia scutellaris.
  • the method of the invention is suitable for controlling or preventing damage to a rice plant caused by an insect in the family Delphacidae or Cicadellidae.
  • insects in the family Delphacidae include, for instance, Laodelphax spp., Nilaparvata spp., Peregrinus maidis, Perkinsiella spp., Sogatella spp. and Tarophagus Proserpina.
  • insects in the family Cicadellidae include, for instance, Cicadella spp., Cofana spectra, Cicadulina spp., Dalbulus maidis, Empoasca spp., Erythroneura spp., Idioscopus clypealis, Jacobiasca lybica, Nephotettix spp., Recilia dorsalis, Scaphoideus spp., Zygina flammigera and Zyginidia scutellaris.
  • the method of the invention is suitable for controlling or preventing damage to a rice plant caused by an insect in the genus selected from Nilaparvata spp., Laodelphax spp., Sogatella spp. and Nephotettix spp.
  • the method of the invention is suitable for controlling or preventing damage to a rice plant caused by an insect selected from the species Nilaparvata lugens, Laodelphax striatellus, Sogatella furcifera, Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix cincticeps.
  • the method of the invention controls or prevents damage to a rice plant caused by an insect in the genus selected from Nilaparvata spp., preferably Nilaparvata lugens, wherein said method comprises applying on the plant, the locus thereof or its propagation material a combination comprising the following components:
  • component (II) from 20 to 25 g/ha of Triflumezopyrim, wherein the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) is from 7:1 to 9:1 .
  • the method of the invention controls or prevents damage to a rice plant caused by an insect in the genus selected from Nilaparvata spp., preferably Nilaparvata lugens, wherein said method comprises applying on the plant, the locus thereof or its propagation material a combination comprising the following components:
  • component (II) from 20 to 25 g/ha of Triflumezopyrim, wherein the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) is from 7:1 to 9:1 .
  • the method may exclude methods for the treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy.
  • the present invention provides a composition comprising the following components:
  • component (III) optionally, one or more auxiliaries and diluent, wherein the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) is from 7:1 to 9:1 , preferably from
  • the combinations according to the invention can also have further surprising advantageous properties.
  • advantageous properties that may be mentioned are: more advantageous degradability, improved toxicological and/or ecotoxicological behaviour, or improved characteristics of the useful plants including: emergence, crop yields, more developed root system, tillering increase, increase in plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger tillers, greener leaf colour, less fertilizers needed, less seeds needed, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, early grain maturity, less plant verse (lodging), increased shoot growth, improved plant vigour, and early germination.
  • component (I) to component (II) may give rise to synergistic activity. Therefore, according to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a composition wherein component (I) and component (II) are present in the composition in amounts producing a synergistic effect.
  • This synergistic activity is apparent from the fact that the activity of the composition comprising component (I) and component (II) is greater than the sum of the corresponding activities of component (I) and of component (II) alone.
  • the rates of application of component (I) and component (II) are generally lowered whilst the action remains equally good, meaning that the active ingredient mixture still achieves a high degree of pest control even where the two individual components have become totally ineffective in such a low application rate range.
  • the active ingredients in the combinations of the present invention may be applied to a pest, plant, plant propagation material or plant growing locus simultaneously (for example as a preformulated mixture or a tank mix), or sequentially in a suitable timescale.
  • the components (I) and (II) are referred to herein and above by a so-called "ISO common name".
  • the component (I) is commercially available and/or can be prepared using procedures known in the art and/or procedures reported in the literature such as, for instance, US 4 931 439.
  • the component (I) is commercially available and/or can be prepared using procedures known in the art and/or procedures reported in the literature such as, for instance, WO 2011/017351 and WO 2012/092115.
  • the compounds of the combination i.e. (I), and (II)
  • any other pesticides may be used either in pure form, i.e., as a solid active ingredient, for example, in a specific particle size, or preferably together with at least one of the auxiliary (also known as adjuvants) customary in formulation technology, such as extenders, e.g., solvents or solid carriers, or surface-active compounds (surfactants), in the form of a formulation, in the present invention.
  • the compounds (I), and (II) are each in the form of a formulation composition with one or more of customary formulation auxiliaries.
  • compounds (I) and (II) can be used in the form of separate formulations.
  • the compounds can be applied to the locus where control is desired either simultaneously or in succession at short interval, for example on the same day, if desired together with further carriers, surfactants or other application-promoting adjuvants customarily employed in formulation technology.
  • (I) and (II) are applied simultaneously.
  • Co-application or simultaneous application of components (I) and (II) has the added benefit of minimising farmer time spent applying products to crops.
  • the combination may also encompass specific plant traits incorporated into the plant using any means, for example conventional breeding or genetic modification
  • each of (I), and (II) can be obtained from a separate formulation source and mixed together (known as a tank-mix, ready-to-apply, spray broth, or slurry), optionally with other pesticides, or (I), and (II) can be obtained as single formulation mixture source (known as a pre-mix, concentrate, formulated product), and optionally mixed together with other pesticides.
  • the composition comprises an agriculturally acceptable formulation adjuvant.
  • a composition consisting essentially of component (I), component (II) and an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant In a further embodiment, there is provided a composition consisting of component (I), component (II) and an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.
  • formulation adjuvants such as carriers, solvents and surface-active agents (SFAs).
  • the combinations and compositions of the present invention may be useful for the control of pests, such as insects, in improving the tolerance of crop plants to abiotic stress conditions, and/or in improving the yield of crop plants.
  • the combinations and compositions of the present invention may be useful for the control of insect and/or acarina pests.
  • the present invention provides a method for controlling pests in or on crop plants, improving the tolerance of crop plants to abiotic stress conditions, and/or improving the yield of crop plants, comprising treating the pests, plants, plant part, plant propagation material, or plant growing locus with a composition as described herein.
  • compositions according to the invention can be used for controlling, i.e. containing or destroying, pests of the abovementioned type which occur in particular on rice plants, or on organs, such as fruits, flowers, foliage, stalks, tubers or roots, of such plants, and in some cases even plant organs which are formed at a later point in time remain protected against these pests.
  • crops is to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for example, from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the genus Bacillus.
  • Toxins that can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, insecticidal proteins, for example insecticidal proteins from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popilliae; or insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as d-endotoxins, e.g. CrylAb, CrylAc, Cry1F, Cry1 Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), e.g. Vip1 , Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A; or insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising nematodes, for example Photorhabdus spp.
  • insecticidal proteins for example insecticidal proteins from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popilliae
  • Bacillus thuringiensis such as d-endotoxins, e.g. CrylAb, CrylAc, Cry1F, Cry1 Fa2, Cry2
  • Xenorhabdus spp. such as Photorhabdus luminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus
  • toxins produced by animals such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins and other insect-specific neurotoxins
  • toxins produced by fungi such as Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea lectins, barley lectins or snowdrop lectins
  • agglutinins proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitors
  • steroid metabolism enzymes such as 3-hydroxysteroidoxidase, ecdysteroid-UDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecd
  • d-endotoxins for example CrylAb, CrylAc, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), for example Vip1 , Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A, expressly also hybrid toxins, truncated toxins and modified toxins.
  • Hybrid toxins are produced recombinantly by a new combination of different domains of those proteins (see, for example, WO 02/15701).
  • Truncated toxins for example a truncated CrylAb, are known.
  • modified toxins one or more amino acids of the naturally occurring toxin are replaced.
  • amino acid replacements preferably non-naturally present protease recognition sequences are inserted into the toxin, such as, for example, in the case of Cry3A055, a cathepsin-G-recognition sequence is inserted into a Cry3A toxin (see WO 03/018810).
  • Examples of such toxins or transgenic plants capable of synthesising such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-A-0 374 753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, EP-A-0 427 529, EP-A-451 878 and WO 03/052073.
  • Cryl- type deoxyribonucleic acids and their preparation are known, for example, from WO 95/34656, EP-A- 0 367 474, EP-A-0 401 979 and WO 90/13651.
  • the toxin contained in the transgenic plants imparts to the plants tolerance to harmful insects.
  • insects can occur in any taxonomic group of insects, but are especially commonly found in the beetles (Coleoptera), two-winged insects (Diptera) and moths (Lepidoptera).
  • Transgenic plants containing one or more genes that code for an insecticidal resistance and express one or more toxins are known and some of them are commercially available. Examples of such plants are: YieldGard® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1 Ab toxin); YieldGard Rootworm® (maize variety that expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin); YieldGard Plus® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1 Ab and a Cry3Bb1 toxin); Starlink® (maize variety that expresses a Cry9C toxin); Herculex I® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1 Fa2 toxin and the enzyme phosphinothricine N-acetyltransferase (PAT) to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium); NuCOTN 33B® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1 Ac toxin); Bollgard I® (cotton variety that expresses
  • transgenic crops are:
  • MIR604 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de I'Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Maize which has been rendered insect-resistant by transgenic expression of a modified Cry3A toxin. This toxin is Cry3A055 modified by insertion of a cathepsin-G- protease recognition sequence. The preparation of such transgenic maize plants is described in WO 03/018810.
  • MON 863 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/DE/02/9. MON 863 expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin and has resistance to certain Coleoptera insects.
  • NK603 x MON 810 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/GB/02/M3/03. Consists of conventionally bred hybrid maize varieties by crossing the genetically modified varieties NK603 and MON 810.
  • NK603 c MON 810 Maize transgenically expresses the protein CP4 EPSPS, obtained from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, which imparts tolerance to the herbicide Roundup® (contains glyphosate), and also a Cry1 Ab toxin obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki which brings about tolerance to certain Lepidoptera, include the European corn borer.
  • crops is to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising antipathogenic substances having a selective action, such as, for example, the so-called "pathogenesis-related proteins" (PRPs, see e.g. EP-A-0 392 225).
  • PRPs pathogenesis-related proteins
  • Examples of such antipathogenic substances and transgenic plants capable of synthesising such antipathogenic substances are known, for example, from EP-A-0 392 225, WO 95/33818 and EP-A-0 353 191.
  • the methods of producing such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.
  • Crops may also be modified for enhanced resistance to fungal (for example Fusarium, Anthracnose, or Phytophthora), bacterial (for example Pseudomonas) or viral (for example potato leafroll virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, cucumber mosaic virus) pathogens.
  • fungal for example Fusarium, Anthracnose, or Phytophthora
  • bacterial for example Pseudomonas
  • viral for example potato leafroll virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, cucumber mosaic virus
  • Crops also include those that have enhanced resistance to nematodes, such as the soybean cyst nematode.
  • Crops that are tolerance to abiotic stress include those that have enhanced tolerance to drought, high salt, high temperature, chill, frost, or light radiation, for example through expression of NF-YB or other proteins known in the art.
  • Antipathogenic substances which can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, ion channel blockers, such as blockers for sodium and calcium channels, for example the viral KP1 , KP4 or KP6 toxins; stilbene synthases; bibenzyl synthases; chitinases; glucanases; the so- called "pathogenesis-related proteins" (PRPs; see e.g. EP-A-0 392 225); antipathogenic substances produced by microorganisms, for example peptide antibiotics or heterocyclic antibiotics (see e.g.
  • the present invention provides a method of improving the tolerance of a plant to abiotic stress, wherein the method comprises applying to the plant, plant part, plant propagation material, or plant growing locus a composition as described herein.
  • the present invention provides a method for regulating or improving the growth of a plant, wherein the method comprises applying to the plant, plant part, plant propagation material, or plant growing locus a composition as described herein.
  • plant growth is regulated or improved when the plant is subject to abiotic stress conditions.
  • regulating or improving the growth of a crop means an improvement in plant vigour, an improvement in plant quality, improved tolerance to stress factors, and/or improved input use efficiency.
  • plants refers to all physical parts of a plant, including seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage, and fruits.
  • locus means fields in or on which plants are growing, or where seeds of cultivated plants are sown, or where seed will be placed into the soil. It includes soil, seeds, and seedlings, as well as established vegetation.
  • plant propagation material denotes all generative parts of a plant, for example seeds or vegetative parts of plants such as cuttings and tubers. It includes seeds in the strict sense, as well as roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, and parts of plants.
  • composition can be in the form of concentrates which are diluted prior to use, although ready-to-use compositions can also be made.
  • the final dilution is usually made with water, but can be made instead of, or in addition to, water, with, for example, liquid fertilisers, micronutrients, biological organisms, oil or solvents.
  • compositions according to the invention are generally formulated in various ways using formulation adjuvants, such as carriers, solvents and surface-active substances.
  • the formulations can be in various physical forms, e.g. in the form of dusting powders, gels, wettable powders, water- dispersible granules, water-dispersible tablets, effervescent pellets, emulsifiable concentrates, micro- emulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, oil-flowables, aqueous dispersions, oily dispersions, suspo-emulsions, capsule suspensions, emulsifiable granules, soluble liquids, water-soluble concentrates (with water or a water-miscible organic solvent as carrier), impregnated polymer films or in other forms known e.g.
  • Such formulations can either be used directly or diluted prior to use.
  • the dilutions can be made, for example, with water, liquid fertilisers, micronutrients, biological organisms, oil or solvents.
  • the formulations can be prepared e.g. by mixing the active ingredient with the formulation adjuvants in order to obtain compositions in the form of finely divided solids, granules, solutions, dispersions or emulsions.
  • the active ingredients can also be formulated with other adjuvants, such as finely divided solids, mineral oils, oils of vegetable or animal origin, modified oils of vegetable or animal origin, organic solvents, water, surface-active substances or combinations thereof.
  • the active ingredients can also be contained in very fine microcapsules.
  • Microcapsules contain the active ingredients in a porous carrier. This enables the active ingredients to be released into the environment in controlled amounts (e.g. slow-release).
  • Microcapsules usually have a diameter of from 0.1 to 500 microns. They contain active ingredients in an amount of about from 25 to 95 % by weight of the capsule weight.
  • the active ingredients can be in the form of a monolithic solid, in the form of fine particles in solid or liquid dispersion or in the form of a suitable solution.
  • the encapsulating membranes can comprise, for example, natural or synthetic rubbers, cellulose, styrene/butadiene copolymers, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyesters, polyamides, polyureas, polyurethane or chemically modified polymers and starch xanthates or other polymers that are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • very fine microcapsules can be formed in which the active ingredient is contained in the form of finely divided particles in a solid matrix of base substance, but the microcapsules are not themselves encapsulated.
  • the formulation adjuvants that are suitable for the preparation of the compositions according to the invention are known perse.
  • liquid carriers there may be used: water, toluene, xylene, petroleum ether, vegetable oils, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acid anhydrides, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2-butanone, butylene carbonate, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl esters of acetic acid, diacetone alcohol, 1 ,2-dichloropropane, diethanolamine, p-diethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol abietate, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1 ,4-dioxane
  • Suitable solid carriers are, for example, talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, limestone, calcium carbonate, bentonite, calcium montmorillonite, cottonseed husks, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, ground walnut shells, lignin and similar substances.
  • a large number of surface-active substances can advantageously be used in both solid and liquid formulations, especially in those formulations which can be diluted with a carrier prior to use.
  • Surface-active substances may be anionic, cationic, non-ionic or polymeric and they can be used as emulsifiers, wetting agents or suspending agents or for other purposes.
  • Typical surface-active substances include, for example, salts of alkyl sulfates, such as diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate salts of alkylarylsulfonates, such as calcium dodecyl-benzenesulfonate alkylphenol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as nonylphenol ethoxylate alcohol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecylalcohol ethoxylate soaps, such as sodium stearate salts of alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, such as sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinate salts, such as sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate quaternary amines, such as lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polyethylene glyco
  • Further adjuvants that can be used in pesticidal formulations include crystallisation inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, suspending agents, dyes, anti-oxidants, foaming agents, light absorbers, mixing auxiliaries, antifoams, complexing agents, neutralising or pH-modifying substances and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, fragrances, wetting agents, take-up enhancers, micro-nutrients, plasticisers, glidants, lubricants, dispersants, thickeners, antifreezes, microbicides, and liquid and solid fertilisers.
  • compositions according to the invention can include an additive comprising an oil of vegetable or animal origin, a mineral oil, alkyl esters of such oils or mixtures of such oils and oil derivatives.
  • the amount of oil additive in the composition according to the invention is generally from 0.01 to 10 %, based on the mixture to be applied.
  • the oil additive can be added to a spray tank in the desired concentration after a spray mixture has been prepared.
  • Preferred oil additives comprise mineral oils or an oil of vegetable origin, for example rapeseed oil, olive oil or sunflower oil, emulsified vegetable oil, alkyl esters of oils of vegetable origin, for example the methyl derivatives, or an oil of animal origin, such as fish oil or beef tallow.
  • Preferred oil additives comprise alkyl esters of C8 C22 fatty acids, especially the methyl derivatives of C12-C18 fatty acids, for example the methyl esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid (methyl laurate, methyl palmitate and methyl oleate, respectively).
  • Many oil derivatives are known from the Compendium of Herbicide Adjuvants, 10th Edition, Southern Illinois University, 2010.
  • inventive compositions generally comprise from 0.1 to 99 % by weight, especially from 0.1 to 95 % by weight, of active ingredients and from 1 to 99.9 % by weight of a formulation adjuvant which preferably includes from 0 to 25 % by weight of a surface-active substance.
  • a formulation adjuvant which preferably includes from 0 to 25 % by weight of a surface-active substance.
  • commercial products may preferably be formulated as concentrates, the end user will normally employ dilute formulations.
  • the rates of application vary within wide limits and depend on the nature of the soil, the method of application, the crop plant, the pest to be controlled, the prevailing climatic conditions, and other factors governed by the method of application, the time of application and the target crop.
  • Preferred formulations can have the following compositions (weight %):
  • Emulsifiable concentrates active ingredient: 1 to 95 %, preferably 60 to 90 % surface-active agent: 1 to 30 %, preferably 5 to 20 % liquid carrier: 1 to 80 %, preferably 1 to 35 %
  • Dusts active ingredient: 0.1 to 10 %, preferably 0.1 to 5 % solid carrier: 99.9 to 90 %, preferably 99.9 to 99 %
  • Suspension concentrates active ingredient: 5 to 75 %, preferably 10 to 50 % water: 94 to 24 %, preferably 88 to 30 % surface-active agent: 1 to 40 %, preferably 2 to 30 %
  • Wettable powders active ingredient: 0.5 to 90 %, preferably 1 to 80 % surface-active agent: 0.5 to 20 %, preferably 1 to 15 % solid carrier: 5 to 95 %, preferably 15 to 90 %
  • Granules active ingredient: 0.1 to 30 %, preferably 0.1 to 15 % solid carrier: 99.5 to 70 %, preferably 97 to 85 %
  • the combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording wettable powders that can be diluted with water to give suspensions of the desired concentration.
  • the combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording powders that can be used directly for seed treatment.
  • Emulsions of any required dilution which can be used in plant protection, can be obtained from this concentrate by dilution with water.
  • Ready-for-use dusts are obtained by mixing the combination with the carrier and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill. Such powders can also be used for dry dressings for seed.
  • the combination is mixed and ground with the adjuvants, and the mixture is moistened with water.
  • the mixture is extruded and then dried in a stream of air.
  • the finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water.
  • a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water.
  • living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion.
  • the finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water.
  • a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water.
  • living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion.
  • 28 parts of the combination are mixed with 2 parts of an aromatic solvent and 7 parts of toluene diisocyanate/polymethylene-polyphenylisocyanate-mixture (8:1).
  • This mixture is emulsified in a mixture of 1 .2 parts of polyvinylalcohol, 0.05 parts of a defoamer and 51 .6 parts of water until the desired particle size is achieved.
  • To this emulsion a mixture of 2.8 parts 1 ,6-diaminohexane in 5.3 parts of water is added. The mixture is agitated until the polymerization reaction is completed.
  • the obtained capsule suspension is stabilized by adding 0.25 parts of a thickener and 3 parts of a dispersing agent.
  • the capsule suspension formulation contains 28% of the active ingredients.
  • the medium capsule diameter is 8-15 microns.
  • the resulting formulation is applied to seeds as an aqueous suspension in an apparatus suitable for that purpose.
  • the combination or composition of the present invention may be applied to a plant, part of the plant, plant organ, plant propagation material or a plant growing locus.
  • the application is generally made by spraying (I) and (II) separately (the combination) or (I) and (II) together (i.e. the composition), typically by tractor mounted sprayer for large areas, but other methods such as dusting (for powders), drip or drench can also be used.
  • the combination or composition may be applied in furrow or directly to a seed before or at the time of planting.
  • the combination or composition of the present invention may be applied pre-emergence or post-emergence. Where the combination or composition is used to regulate the growth of crop plants or enhance the tolerance to abiotic stress, it may be applied post-emergence of the crop. Where the combination or composition is used to inhibit or delay the germination of seeds, it may be applied preemergence. Where the combination or composition is used to control pests, it may be applied as a preventative (before pest establishment) or curative (after pest establishment) treatment.
  • the present invention envisages application of the combinations and compositions of the invention to plant propagation material prior to, during, or after planting, or any combination of these.
  • active ingredients can be applied to plant propagation material in any physiological state
  • a common approach is to use seeds in a sufficiently durable state to incur no damage during the treatment process.
  • seed would have been harvested from the field removed from the plant and separated from any cob, stalk, outer husk, and surrounding pulp or other non-seed plant material. Seed would preferably also be biologically stable to the extent that treatment would not cause biological damage to the seed. It is believed that treatment can be applied to seed at any time between seed harvest and sowing of seed including during the sowing process.
  • Methods for applying or treating active ingredients on to plant propagation material or to the locus of planting include dressing, coating, pelleting and soaking as well as nursery tray application, in furrow application, soil drenching, soil injection, drip irrigation, application through sprinklers or central pivot, or incorporation into soil (broad cast or in band).
  • active ingredients may be applied on a suitable substrate sown together with the plant propagation material.
  • the rates of application of combinations and compositions of the present invention may vary within wide limits and depend on the nature of the soil, the method of application (pre- or postemergence, seed dressing, application to the seed furrow, no tillage application etc.), the crop plant, the prevailing climatic conditions, and other factors governed by the method of application, the time of application and the target crop.
  • the combinations and compositions of the present invention are generally applied at a rate of from 1 to 2000 g/ha, especially from 5 to 1000 g/ha.
  • the rate of application is generally between 0.0005 and 150 g per 100 kg of seed.
  • compositions according to the invention can be used in combination with other pesticides, including other pesticides such as insecticides, fungicides, or agents that enhance the activity of the composition according to the invention, in for example chemical treatment or pest control programs.
  • other pesticides such as insecticides, fungicides, or agents that enhance the activity of the composition according to the invention, in for example chemical treatment or pest control programs.
  • the combination may have further surprising advantages, which could be described as synergistic effects.
  • Suitable other pesticides are, for example, pesticides of the following classes of active ingredients: organophosphates, nitrophenol derivatives, thioureas, juvenile hormones, formamidines, benzophenone derivatives, ureas, pyrrole derivatives, carbamates, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, acyl ureas, pyridylmethyleneamino derivatives, macrolides, benzoylureas, neonicotinoids and biological agents such as Bacillus thurigiensis strains or bacterially-derived pesticides such as spinosads, avermectins and Cry proteins.
  • active ingredients organophosphates, nitrophenol derivatives, thioureas, juvenile hormones, formamidines, benzophenone derivatives, ureas, pyrrole derivatives, carbamates, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, acyl ureas, pyridyl
  • compositions of the present invention may be applied to dicotyledonous or monocotyledonous crops.
  • Crops of useful plants in which the composition according to the invention can be used include perennial and annual crops, such as berry plants for example blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, raspberries and strawberries, cereals for example barley, maize (corn), millet, oats, rice, rye, sorghum triticale and wheat, fibre plants for example cotton, flax, hemp, jute and sisal, field crops for example sugar and fodder beet, coffee, hops, mustard, oilseed rape (canola), poppy, sugar cane, sunflower, tea and tobacco, fruit trees for example apple, apricot, avocado, banana, cherry, citrus, nectarine, peach, pear and plum, grasses for example Bermuda grass, bluegrass, bentgrass, centipede grass, fescue, ryegrass, St.
  • perennial and annual crops such as berry plants for example blackberries, blue
  • Augustine grass and Zoysia grass herbs such as basil, borage, chives, coriander, lavender, lovage, mint, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage and thyme, legumes for example beans, lentils, peas and soya beans, nuts for example almond, cashew, ground nut, hazelnut, peanut, pecan, pistachio and walnut, palms for example oil palm, ornamentals for example flowers, shrubs and trees, other trees, for example cacao, coconut, olive and rubber, vegetables for example asparagus, aubergine, broccoli, cabbage, carrot, cucumber, garlic, lettuce, marrow, melon, okra, onion, pepper, potato, pumpkin, rhubarb, spinach and tomato, and vines for example grapes.
  • herbs such as basil, borage, chives, coriander, lavender, lovage, mint, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage and thyme, legumes for example beans, lentils, peas and soya beans,
  • Crops are to be understood as being those which are naturally occurring, obtained by conventional methods of breeding, or obtained by genetic engineering. They include crops which contain so-called output traits (e.g. improved storage stability, higher nutritional value and improved flavour).
  • output traits e.g. improved storage stability, higher nutritional value and improved flavour.
  • Crops are to be understood as also including those crops which have been rendered tolerant to herbicides like bromoxynil or classes of herbicides such as ALS-, EPSPS-, GS-, HPPD- and PPO- inhibitors.
  • herbicides like bromoxynil or classes of herbicides such as ALS-, EPSPS-, GS-, HPPD- and PPO- inhibitors.
  • An example of a crop that has been rendered tolerant to imidazolinones, e.g. imazamox, by conventional methods of breeding is Clearfield® summer canola.
  • crops that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by genetic engineering methods include e.g. glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant maize varieties commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady®, Herculex I® and LibertyLink®.
  • Crops are also to be understood as being those which naturally are or have been rendered resistant to harmful insects. This includes plants transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques, for example, to be capable of synthesising one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for example, from toxin-producing bacteria. Examples of toxins which can be expressed include d-endotoxins, vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising nematodes, and toxins produced by scorpions, arachnids, wasps and fungi.
  • Vip vegetative insecticidal proteins
  • insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising nematodes and toxins produced by scorpions, arachnids, wasps and fungi.
  • An example of a crop that has been modified to express the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin is the Bt maize KnockOut (Syngenta Seeds).
  • An example of a crop comprising more than one gene that codes for insecticidal resistance and thus expresses more than one toxin is VipCot® (Syngenta Seeds).
  • Crops or seed material thereof can also be resistant to multiple types of pests (so-called stacked transgenic events when created by genetic modification).
  • a plant can have the ability to express an insecticidal protein while at the same time being herbicide tolerant, for example Herculex I® (Dow AgroSciences, Pioneer Hi-Bred International).
  • the present invention also provides the use of the combination or composition as defined above on a rice plant for controlling insects in the order Hemiptera.
  • the combination or composition as defined above is used on a rice plant for controlling insects in the family Delphacidae or Cicadellidae such as, for example, insects in the genus selected from Nilaparvata spp., Laodelphax spp., Sogatella spp. and Nephotettix spp., especially Nilaparvata lugens, Laodelphax striatellus, Sogatella furcifera, Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix cincticeps.
  • Y % action by second active ingredient using q ppm of the active ingredient.
  • synergism corresponds to a positive value for the difference of (O-E).
  • said difference (O-E) is zero.
  • a negative value of said difference (O-E) signals a loss of activity compared to the expected activity.
  • compositions according to the invention comprising Pymetrozine and Triflumezopyrim are tested for their biological (pesticidal) activity using application rates wherein the component (I) is applied at a rate of 60 to 270 g/ha in association with 10 to 45 g/ha of component (II).
  • the active ingredient compounds were formulated separately into individual solutions of Pymetrozine and Triflumezopyrim.
  • a mixture was prepared using the same solutions of Pymetrozine and Triflumezopyrim at different weight ratios from 7:1 to 9:1.
  • Insecticide applications were made to 2- week-old rice plants using a turntable spray applicator (360 l/ha, 18 ml solution, 2 bar pressure for 12 seconds). After the spray solution had dried (approximately 3 hours) each plant was infested with approximately 30 Nilaparvata lugens N4 nymphs. Plants and insects were contained within a sealed plastic cylinder. Insect mortality was assessed at 1 and 3 days after infestation.
  • Results from the tests outlined above are as set forth in Table 1. These data show that a faster response in terms of pesticidal activity is observed for the combination of Pymetrozine and Triflumezopyrim against Nilaparvata lugens with weight ratios from 7:1 to 9:1 for the compositions C1 to C3. After only 1 day from the application, the combination of Pymetrozine and Triflumezopyrim shows a very high control of Nilaparvata lugens, advantageously at low weight ratios from 7:1 to 9:1 , whilst the individual active ingredients show no pesticidal activity or lower pesticidal activity under the same conditions.
  • Table 1 Pesticidal activity of a composition of Pymetrozine (PYME) and Triflu mezopyrim (TFMP) against Nilaparvata lugens as described in Example 1 above.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a combination for the control of damage caused by insects, especially insects in the order Hemiptera such as planthoppers and/or leafhoppers, in particular on rice plants, which combination comprises a mixture of active ingredients Pymetrozine and Triflumezopyrim, and to methods of controlling or preventing damage to useful plants.

Description

PESTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS
The present invention relates to a combination for the control of damage caused by insects, especially insects in the order Hemiptera such as planthoppers and/or leafhoppers, in particular on rice plants, which combination comprises a mixture of active ingredients Pymetrozine and Triflumezopyrim, and to methods of controlling or preventing damage to useful plants.
Certain active ingredients and combinations of active ingredients for controlling pest attack are described in the literature. For instance, WO 2012/092115 discloses use of Triflumezopyrim for controlling intervertebrate pests such as arthropods. Also, WO 2011/017351 discloses mixtures of Pymetrozine and Triflumezopyrim. Further, IN 380254 discloses use of mixtures of Pymetrozine and Triflumezopyrim against Nilaparvata lugens.
However, there is a continuing need to provide pesticidal combinations which provide improved, for example, biological properties for controlling insects on rice plants. The benefits may also be an increased safety profile, improved physico-chemical properties, or increased biodegradability.
It has now been found that a particular combination of active ingredients provides unexpected control or prevention of damage to a plant, when the particular combination is applied on the plant, the locus thereof or its propagation material.
Accordingly, in a first aspect the present invention provides a method of controlling or preventing damage to a rice plant caused by an insect in the order Hemiptera, wherein said method comprises applying on the plant, the locus thereof or its propagation material a combination comprising the following components:
(I) Pymetrozine, and
(II) Triflumezopyrim, wherein the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) is from 7:1 to 9:1 .
Preferably, the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) in the method of the invention is from 7:1 to 8:1 , more preferably 7.5:1 .
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method of the invention controls or prevents damage to a rice plant caused by an insect in the order Hemiptera, wherein said method comprises applying on the plant, the locus thereof or its propagation material a combination comprising the following components:
(I) from 60 to 270 g/ha of Pymetrozine, and
(II) from 10 to 45 g/ha of Triflumezopyrim, wherein the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) is from 7:1 to 9:1 .
In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the method of the invention controls or prevents damage to a rice plant caused by an insect in the order Hemiptera, wherein said method comprises applying on the plant, the locus thereof or its propagation material a combination comprising the following components:
(I) from 90 to 180 g/ha, preferably from 120 to 150 g/ha of Pymetrozine, and
(II) from 15 to 30 g/ha, preferably from 20 to 25 g/ha of Triflumezopyrim, wherein the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) is from 7:1 to 9:1.
Surprisingly, it has been found that combinations comprising Pymetrozine and Triflu mezopyrim successfully show a fast response at the preferred weight ratios, compared with the application of the individual components at the same weights, and therefore show a very advantageous level of biological activity for controlling or preventing damage to a rice plant caused by an insect in the order Hemiptera.
Examples of insects in the order Hemiptera include, for instance, Acrosternum spp., Adelphocohs lineolatus, Aleurodes spp., Amblypelta nitida, Bathycoelia thalassina, Blissus spp.,
Cimex spp., Clavigralla tomentosicollis, Creontiades spp., Distantiella theobroma, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus spp., Edessa spp., Eurydema pulchrum, Eurygaster spp., Halyomorpha halys, Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp., Lygus spp., Margarodes spp., Murgantia histrionic, Neomegalotomus spp., Nesidiocoris tenuis, Nezara spp., Nysius simulans, Oebalus insularis, Piesma spp., Piezodorus spp., Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scaptocoris castaneus, Scotinophara spp., Thyanta spp., Triatoma spp., Vatiga illudens, Agalliana ensigera, Agonoscena targionii, Aleurodicus spp., Aleurocanthus spp., Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleyrodes brassicae, Aonidiella spp., Aphididae, Aphis spp., Aspidiotus spp., Aulacorthum solani, Bactericera cockerelli, Bemisia spp., Brachycaudus spp., Brevicoryne brassicae, Cacopsylla spp., Cavariella aegopodii Scop., Chrysomphalus aonidum, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Cicadella spp., Cofana spectra, Cryptomyzus spp., Cicadulina spp., Coccus hesperidum, Dalbulus maidis, Dialeurodes spp., Diaphorina citri, Diuraphis noxia, Dysaphis spp., Empoasca spp., Eriosoma lanigerum, Erythroneura spp., Gascardia spp., Glycaspis brimblecombei, Hyadaphis pseudobrassicae, Hyalopterus spp., Hyperomyzus pallidus, Idioscopus clypealis, Jacobiasca lybica, Laodelphax spp., Lecanium corni, Lepidosaphes spp., Macrosiphum spp., Mahanarva spp., Metcalfa pruinosa, Metopolophium dirhodum, Myndus crudus, Myzus spp., Neotoxoptera spp., Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata spp., Nippolachnus piri, Odonaspis ruthae, Oregma lanigera, Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza cockerelli, Parlatoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Peregrinus maidis, Perkinsiella spp., Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera spp.,
Planococcus spp., Pseudaulacaspis spp., Pseudococcus spp., Pseudatomoscelis seriatus, Psylla spp., Pulvinaria aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus spp., Quesada gigas, Recilia dorsalis, Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoideus spp., Schizaphis spp., Sitobion spp., Sogatella spp., Spissistilus festinus, Tarophagus Proserpina, Toxoptera spp., Trialeurodes spp., Trionymus spp., Trioza erytreae, Unaspis citri, Zygina flammigera, or Zyginidia scutellaris.
Preferably, the method of the invention is suitable for controlling or preventing damage to a rice plant caused by an insect in the family Delphacidae or Cicadellidae.
Examples of insects in the family Delphacidae include, for instance, Laodelphax spp., Nilaparvata spp., Peregrinus maidis, Perkinsiella spp., Sogatella spp. and Tarophagus Proserpina.
Examples of insects in the family Cicadellidae include, for instance, Cicadella spp., Cofana spectra, Cicadulina spp., Dalbulus maidis, Empoasca spp., Erythroneura spp., Idioscopus clypealis, Jacobiasca lybica, Nephotettix spp., Recilia dorsalis, Scaphoideus spp., Zygina flammigera and Zyginidia scutellaris. More preferably, the method of the invention is suitable for controlling or preventing damage to a rice plant caused by an insect in the genus selected from Nilaparvata spp., Laodelphax spp., Sogatella spp. and Nephotettix spp.
Preferably, the method of the invention is suitable for controlling or preventing damage to a rice plant caused by an insect selected from the species Nilaparvata lugens, Laodelphax striatellus, Sogatella furcifera, Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix cincticeps.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method of the invention controls or prevents damage to a rice plant caused by an insect in the genus selected from Nilaparvata spp., preferably Nilaparvata lugens, wherein said method comprises applying on the plant, the locus thereof or its propagation material a combination comprising the following components:
(I) from 120 to 150 g/ha of Pymetrozine, and
(II) from 20 to 25 g/ha of Triflumezopyrim, wherein the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) is from 7:1 to 9:1 .
In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the method of the invention controls or prevents damage to a rice plant caused by an insect in the genus selected from Nilaparvata spp., preferably Nilaparvata lugens, wherein said method comprises applying on the plant, the locus thereof or its propagation material a combination comprising the following components:
(I) from 120 to 150 g/ha of Pymetrozine, and
(II) from 20 to 25 g/ha of Triflumezopyrim, wherein the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) is from 7:1 to 9:1 .
According to this first aspect of the invention, the method may exclude methods for the treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising the following components:
(I) Pymetrozine,
(II) Triflumezopyrim, and
(III) optionally, one or more auxiliaries and diluent, wherein the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) is from 7:1 to 9:1 , preferably from
7:1 to 8:1 ; more preferably 7.5:1.
The combinations according to the invention can also have further surprising advantageous properties. Examples of such advantageous properties that may be mentioned are: more advantageous degradability, improved toxicological and/or ecotoxicological behaviour, or improved characteristics of the useful plants including: emergence, crop yields, more developed root system, tillering increase, increase in plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger tillers, greener leaf colour, less fertilizers needed, less seeds needed, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, early grain maturity, less plant verse (lodging), increased shoot growth, improved plant vigour, and early germination.
Certain weight ratios of component (I) to component (II) may give rise to synergistic activity. Therefore, according to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a composition wherein component (I) and component (II) are present in the composition in amounts producing a synergistic effect. This synergistic activity is apparent from the fact that the activity of the composition comprising component (I) and component (II) is greater than the sum of the corresponding activities of component (I) and of component (II) alone. The rates of application of component (I) and component (II) are generally lowered whilst the action remains equally good, meaning that the active ingredient mixture still achieves a high degree of pest control even where the two individual components have become totally ineffective in such a low application rate range.
The active ingredients in the combinations of the present invention may be applied to a pest, plant, plant propagation material or plant growing locus simultaneously (for example as a preformulated mixture or a tank mix), or sequentially in a suitable timescale.
The components (I) and (II) are referred to herein and above by a so-called "ISO common name". The component (I) is commercially available and/or can be prepared using procedures known in the art and/or procedures reported in the literature such as, for instance, US 4 931 439. The component (I) is commercially available and/or can be prepared using procedures known in the art and/or procedures reported in the literature such as, for instance, WO 2011/017351 and WO 2012/092115.
The compounds of the combination (i.e. (I), and (II)), and any other pesticides, may be used either in pure form, i.e., as a solid active ingredient, for example, in a specific particle size, or preferably together with at least one of the auxiliary (also known as adjuvants) customary in formulation technology, such as extenders, e.g., solvents or solid carriers, or surface-active compounds (surfactants), in the form of a formulation, in the present invention. Generally, the compounds (I), and (II) are each in the form of a formulation composition with one or more of customary formulation auxiliaries.
Therefore, compounds (I) and (II) can be used in the form of separate formulations. The compounds can be applied to the locus where control is desired either simultaneously or in succession at short interval, for example on the same day, if desired together with further carriers, surfactants or other application-promoting adjuvants customarily employed in formulation technology. In a preferred embodiment, (I) and (II) are applied simultaneously. Co-application or simultaneous application of components (I) and (II) has the added benefit of minimising farmer time spent applying products to crops. The combination may also encompass specific plant traits incorporated into the plant using any means, for example conventional breeding or genetic modification
In the event compounds of the combination (i.e. (I), and (II)) are applied simultaneously in the present invention, they may be applied as a composition containing the combination, in which case each of (I), and (II) can be obtained from a separate formulation source and mixed together (known as a tank-mix, ready-to-apply, spray broth, or slurry), optionally with other pesticides, or (I), and (II) can be obtained as single formulation mixture source (known as a pre-mix, concentrate, formulated product), and optionally mixed together with other pesticides.
In one embodiment, the composition comprises an agriculturally acceptable formulation adjuvant. In a further embodiment, there is provided a composition consisting essentially of component (I), component (II) and an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant. In a further embodiment, there is provided a composition consisting of component (I), component (II) and an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant. The compositions of the present invention are generally formulated using formulation adjuvants, such as carriers, solvents and surface-active agents (SFAs).
The combinations and compositions of the present invention may be useful for the control of pests, such as insects, in improving the tolerance of crop plants to abiotic stress conditions, and/or in improving the yield of crop plants. In one embodiment, the combinations and compositions of the present invention may be useful for the control of insect and/or acarina pests. The present invention provides a method for controlling pests in or on crop plants, improving the tolerance of crop plants to abiotic stress conditions, and/or improving the yield of crop plants, comprising treating the pests, plants, plant part, plant propagation material, or plant growing locus with a composition as described herein.
The combinations and compositions according to the invention can be used for controlling, i.e. containing or destroying, pests of the abovementioned type which occur in particular on rice plants, or on organs, such as fruits, flowers, foliage, stalks, tubers or roots, of such plants, and in some cases even plant organs which are formed at a later point in time remain protected against these pests.
The term "crops" is to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for example, from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the genus Bacillus.
Toxins that can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, insecticidal proteins, for example insecticidal proteins from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popilliae; or insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as d-endotoxins, e.g. CrylAb, CrylAc, Cry1F, Cry1 Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), e.g. Vip1 , Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A; or insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising nematodes, for example Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp., such as Photorhabdus luminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus; toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins and other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such as Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea lectins, barley lectins or snowdrop lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxysteroidoxidase, ecdysteroid-UDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors, HMG-COA-reductase, ion channel blockers, such as blockers of sodium or calcium channels, juvenile hormone esterase, diuretic hormone receptors, stilbene synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases and glucanases.
In the context of the present invention there are to be understood by d-endotoxins, for example CrylAb, CrylAc, Cry1F, Cry1Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), for example Vip1 , Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A, expressly also hybrid toxins, truncated toxins and modified toxins. Hybrid toxins are produced recombinantly by a new combination of different domains of those proteins (see, for example, WO 02/15701). Truncated toxins, for example a truncated CrylAb, are known. In the case of modified toxins, one or more amino acids of the naturally occurring toxin are replaced. In such amino acid replacements, preferably non-naturally present protease recognition sequences are inserted into the toxin, such as, for example, in the case of Cry3A055, a cathepsin-G-recognition sequence is inserted into a Cry3A toxin (see WO 03/018810).
Examples of such toxins or transgenic plants capable of synthesising such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-A-0 374 753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, EP-A-0 427 529, EP-A-451 878 and WO 03/052073.
The processes for the preparation of such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above. Cryl- type deoxyribonucleic acids and their preparation are known, for example, from WO 95/34656, EP-A- 0 367 474, EP-A-0 401 979 and WO 90/13651.
The toxin contained in the transgenic plants imparts to the plants tolerance to harmful insects. Such insects can occur in any taxonomic group of insects, but are especially commonly found in the beetles (Coleoptera), two-winged insects (Diptera) and moths (Lepidoptera).
Transgenic plants containing one or more genes that code for an insecticidal resistance and express one or more toxins are known and some of them are commercially available. Examples of such plants are: YieldGard® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1 Ab toxin); YieldGard Rootworm® (maize variety that expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin); YieldGard Plus® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1 Ab and a Cry3Bb1 toxin); Starlink® (maize variety that expresses a Cry9C toxin); Herculex I® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1 Fa2 toxin and the enzyme phosphinothricine N-acetyltransferase (PAT) to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium); NuCOTN 33B® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1 Ac toxin); Bollgard I® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1 Ac toxin); Bollgard II® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1 Ac and a Cry2Ab toxin); VipCot® (cotton variety that expresses a Vip3A and a Cry1 Ab toxin); NewLeaf® (potato variety that expresses a Cry3A toxin); NatureGard®, Agrisure® GT Advantage (GA21 glyphosate-tolerant trait), Agrisure® CB Advantage (Bt11 corn borer (CB) trait) and Protecta®.
Further examples of such transgenic crops are:
1. Bt11 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de I'Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Genetically modified Zea mays which has been rendered resistant to attack by the European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides) by transgenic expression of a truncated CrylAb toxin. Bt11 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium.
2. Bt176 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de I'Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Genetically modified Zea mays which has been rendered resistant to attack by the European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides) by transgenic expression of a CrylAb toxin. Bt176 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium.
3. MIR604 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de I'Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Maize which has been rendered insect-resistant by transgenic expression of a modified Cry3A toxin. This toxin is Cry3A055 modified by insertion of a cathepsin-G- protease recognition sequence. The preparation of such transgenic maize plants is described in WO 03/018810.
4. MON 863 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/DE/02/9. MON 863 expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin and has resistance to certain Coleoptera insects.
5. IPC 531 Cotton from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/ES/96/02.
6. 1507 Maize from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Avenue Tedesco, 7 B-1160 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/NL/00/10. Genetically modified maize for the expression of the protein Cry1 F for achieving resistance to certain Lepidoptera insects and of the PAT protein for achieving tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium.
7. NK603 x MON 810 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/GB/02/M3/03. Consists of conventionally bred hybrid maize varieties by crossing the genetically modified varieties NK603 and MON 810. NK603 c MON 810 Maize transgenically expresses the protein CP4 EPSPS, obtained from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, which imparts tolerance to the herbicide Roundup® (contains glyphosate), and also a Cry1 Ab toxin obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki which brings about tolerance to certain Lepidoptera, include the European corn borer.
Transgenic crops of insect-resistant plants are also described in BATS (Zentrum fiir Biosicherheit und Nachhaltigkeit, Zentrum BATS, Clarastrasse 13, 4058 Basel, Switzerland) Report 2003, (http://bats.ch).
The term "crops" is to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising antipathogenic substances having a selective action, such as, for example, the so-called "pathogenesis-related proteins" (PRPs, see e.g. EP-A-0 392 225). Examples of such antipathogenic substances and transgenic plants capable of synthesising such antipathogenic substances are known, for example, from EP-A-0 392 225, WO 95/33818 and EP-A-0 353 191. The methods of producing such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.
Crops may also be modified for enhanced resistance to fungal (for example Fusarium, Anthracnose, or Phytophthora), bacterial (for example Pseudomonas) or viral (for example potato leafroll virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, cucumber mosaic virus) pathogens.
Crops also include those that have enhanced resistance to nematodes, such as the soybean cyst nematode.
Crops that are tolerance to abiotic stress include those that have enhanced tolerance to drought, high salt, high temperature, chill, frost, or light radiation, for example through expression of NF-YB or other proteins known in the art.
Antipathogenic substances which can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, ion channel blockers, such as blockers for sodium and calcium channels, for example the viral KP1 , KP4 or KP6 toxins; stilbene synthases; bibenzyl synthases; chitinases; glucanases; the so- called "pathogenesis-related proteins" (PRPs; see e.g. EP-A-0 392 225); antipathogenic substances produced by microorganisms, for example peptide antibiotics or heterocyclic antibiotics (see e.g.
WO 95/33818) or protein or polypeptide factors involved in plant pathogen defence (so-called "plant disease resistance genes", as described in WO 03/000906).
The present invention provides a method of improving the tolerance of a plant to abiotic stress, wherein the method comprises applying to the plant, plant part, plant propagation material, or plant growing locus a composition as described herein.
The present invention provides a method for regulating or improving the growth of a plant, wherein the method comprises applying to the plant, plant part, plant propagation material, or plant growing locus a composition as described herein. In one embodiment, plant growth is regulated or improved when the plant is subject to abiotic stress conditions.
The term “regulating or improving the growth of a crop” means an improvement in plant vigour, an improvement in plant quality, improved tolerance to stress factors, and/or improved input use efficiency.
The term “plants” refers to all physical parts of a plant, including seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage, and fruits.
The term “locus” as used herein means fields in or on which plants are growing, or where seeds of cultivated plants are sown, or where seed will be placed into the soil. It includes soil, seeds, and seedlings, as well as established vegetation.
The term "plant propagation material” denotes all generative parts of a plant, for example seeds or vegetative parts of plants such as cuttings and tubers. It includes seeds in the strict sense, as well as roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, and parts of plants.
Where a range of numbers is disclosed herein (for example, 1 to 10), this is intended to include all numbers and intervening values within that range (for example, 1 , 1 .1 , 2, 3, 3.9, 4, 5, 6,
6.5, 7, 8, 9 and 10) and also any sub-range of numbers and intervening values within that range (for example, 2 to 8, 1 .5 to 5.5 and 3.1 to 4.7). Additionally, it is intended that the both the upper and lower limits specified are included within the range.
Where ranges or values used herein are preceded by the term “about”, this term is intended to provide support for both the exact number that it precedes, and also a number that is near to or approximately the number that it precedes. In determining whether a number is near to or approximately a specifically recited number, the near or approximating number may be a number, which would be rounded to or be substantially equivalent to the specifically recited number. For example, the term “about 5” includes 5.0, 4.5, 5.4, 4.92, 5.01 , and so on.
The composition can be in the form of concentrates which are diluted prior to use, although ready-to-use compositions can also be made. The final dilution is usually made with water, but can be made instead of, or in addition to, water, with, for example, liquid fertilisers, micronutrients, biological organisms, oil or solvents.
The compositions according to the invention are generally formulated in various ways using formulation adjuvants, such as carriers, solvents and surface-active substances. The formulations can be in various physical forms, e.g. in the form of dusting powders, gels, wettable powders, water- dispersible granules, water-dispersible tablets, effervescent pellets, emulsifiable concentrates, micro- emulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, oil-flowables, aqueous dispersions, oily dispersions, suspo-emulsions, capsule suspensions, emulsifiable granules, soluble liquids, water-soluble concentrates (with water or a water-miscible organic solvent as carrier), impregnated polymer films or in other forms known e.g. from the Manual on Development and Use of FAO and WHO Specifications for Pesticides, United Nations, First Edition, Second Revision (2010). Such formulations can either be used directly or diluted prior to use. The dilutions can be made, for example, with water, liquid fertilisers, micronutrients, biological organisms, oil or solvents.
The formulations can be prepared e.g. by mixing the active ingredient with the formulation adjuvants in order to obtain compositions in the form of finely divided solids, granules, solutions, dispersions or emulsions. The active ingredients can also be formulated with other adjuvants, such as finely divided solids, mineral oils, oils of vegetable or animal origin, modified oils of vegetable or animal origin, organic solvents, water, surface-active substances or combinations thereof.
The active ingredients can also be contained in very fine microcapsules. Microcapsules contain the active ingredients in a porous carrier. This enables the active ingredients to be released into the environment in controlled amounts (e.g. slow-release). Microcapsules usually have a diameter of from 0.1 to 500 microns. They contain active ingredients in an amount of about from 25 to 95 % by weight of the capsule weight. The active ingredients can be in the form of a monolithic solid, in the form of fine particles in solid or liquid dispersion or in the form of a suitable solution. The encapsulating membranes can comprise, for example, natural or synthetic rubbers, cellulose, styrene/butadiene copolymers, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyesters, polyamides, polyureas, polyurethane or chemically modified polymers and starch xanthates or other polymers that are known to the person skilled in the art. Alternatively, very fine microcapsules can be formed in which the active ingredient is contained in the form of finely divided particles in a solid matrix of base substance, but the microcapsules are not themselves encapsulated.
The formulation adjuvants that are suitable for the preparation of the compositions according to the invention are known perse. As liquid carriers there may be used: water, toluene, xylene, petroleum ether, vegetable oils, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acid anhydrides, acetonitrile, acetophenone, amyl acetate, 2-butanone, butylene carbonate, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, alkyl esters of acetic acid, diacetone alcohol, 1 ,2-dichloropropane, diethanolamine, p-diethylbenzene, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol abietate, diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1 ,4-dioxane, dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, diproxitol, alkylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, 2-ethylhexanol, ethylene carbonate, 1 ,1 ,1- trichloroethane, 2-heptanone, alpha-pinene, d-limonene, ethyl lactate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, gamma-butyrolactone, glycerol, glycerol acetate, glycerol diacetate, glycerol triacetate, hexadecane, hexylene glycol, isoamyl acetate, isobornyl acetate, isooctane, isophorone, isopropylbenzene, isopropyl myristate, lactic acid, laurylamine, mesityl oxide, methoxypropanol, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl oleate, methylene chloride, m-xylene, n-hexane, n-octylamine, octadecanoic acid, octylamine acetate, oleic acid, oleylamine, o-xylene, phenol, polyethylene glycol, propionic acid, propyl lactate, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, p-xylene, toluene, triethyl phosphate, triethylene glycol, xylenesulfonic acid, paraffin, mineral oil, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and alcohols of higher molecular weight, such as amyl alcohol, tetrahydro-furfuryl alcohol, hexanol, octanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the like.
Suitable solid carriers are, for example, talc, titanium dioxide, pyrophyllite clay, silica, attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, limestone, calcium carbonate, bentonite, calcium montmorillonite, cottonseed husks, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, ground walnut shells, lignin and similar substances.
A large number of surface-active substances can advantageously be used in both solid and liquid formulations, especially in those formulations which can be diluted with a carrier prior to use. Surface-active substances may be anionic, cationic, non-ionic or polymeric and they can be used as emulsifiers, wetting agents or suspending agents or for other purposes. Typical surface-active substances include, for example, salts of alkyl sulfates, such as diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate salts of alkylarylsulfonates, such as calcium dodecyl-benzenesulfonate alkylphenol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as nonylphenol ethoxylate alcohol/alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecylalcohol ethoxylate soaps, such as sodium stearate salts of alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, such as sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinate salts, such as sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate quaternary amines, such as lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polyethylene glycol stearate block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and salts of mono- and di-alkylphosphate esters and also further substances described e.g. in McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual, MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood New Jersey (1981).
Further adjuvants that can be used in pesticidal formulations include crystallisation inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, suspending agents, dyes, anti-oxidants, foaming agents, light absorbers, mixing auxiliaries, antifoams, complexing agents, neutralising or pH-modifying substances and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, fragrances, wetting agents, take-up enhancers, micro-nutrients, plasticisers, glidants, lubricants, dispersants, thickeners, antifreezes, microbicides, and liquid and solid fertilisers.
The compositions according to the invention can include an additive comprising an oil of vegetable or animal origin, a mineral oil, alkyl esters of such oils or mixtures of such oils and oil derivatives. The amount of oil additive in the composition according to the invention is generally from 0.01 to 10 %, based on the mixture to be applied. For example, the oil additive can be added to a spray tank in the desired concentration after a spray mixture has been prepared. Preferred oil additives comprise mineral oils or an oil of vegetable origin, for example rapeseed oil, olive oil or sunflower oil, emulsified vegetable oil, alkyl esters of oils of vegetable origin, for example the methyl derivatives, or an oil of animal origin, such as fish oil or beef tallow. Preferred oil additives comprise alkyl esters of C8 C22 fatty acids, especially the methyl derivatives of C12-C18 fatty acids, for example the methyl esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid (methyl laurate, methyl palmitate and methyl oleate, respectively). Many oil derivatives are known from the Compendium of Herbicide Adjuvants, 10th Edition, Southern Illinois University, 2010.
The inventive compositions generally comprise from 0.1 to 99 % by weight, especially from 0.1 to 95 % by weight, of active ingredients and from 1 to 99.9 % by weight of a formulation adjuvant which preferably includes from 0 to 25 % by weight of a surface-active substance. Whereas commercial products may preferably be formulated as concentrates, the end user will normally employ dilute formulations.
The rates of application vary within wide limits and depend on the nature of the soil, the method of application, the crop plant, the pest to be controlled, the prevailing climatic conditions, and other factors governed by the method of application, the time of application and the target crop.
Preferred formulations can have the following compositions (weight %):
Emulsifiable concentrates: active ingredient: 1 to 95 %, preferably 60 to 90 % surface-active agent: 1 to 30 %, preferably 5 to 20 % liquid carrier: 1 to 80 %, preferably 1 to 35 %
Dusts: active ingredient: 0.1 to 10 %, preferably 0.1 to 5 % solid carrier: 99.9 to 90 %, preferably 99.9 to 99 %
Suspension concentrates: active ingredient: 5 to 75 %, preferably 10 to 50 % water: 94 to 24 %, preferably 88 to 30 % surface-active agent: 1 to 40 %, preferably 2 to 30 % Wettable powders: active ingredient: 0.5 to 90 %, preferably 1 to 80 % surface-active agent: 0.5 to 20 %, preferably 1 to 15 % solid carrier: 5 to 95 %, preferably 15 to 90 %
Granules: active ingredient: 0.1 to 30 %, preferably 0.1 to 15 % solid carrier: 99.5 to 70 %, preferably 97 to 85 %
The following Examples further illustrate, but do not limit, the invention.
Figure imgf000012_0001
Figure imgf000013_0001
The combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording wettable powders that can be diluted with water to give suspensions of the desired concentration.
Figure imgf000013_0002
The combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording powders that can be used directly for seed treatment.
Figure imgf000013_0003
Emulsions of any required dilution, which can be used in plant protection, can be obtained from this concentrate by dilution with water.
Figure imgf000013_0004
Ready-for-use dusts are obtained by mixing the combination with the carrier and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill. Such powders can also be used for dry dressings for seed.
Figure imgf000014_0001
The combination is mixed and ground with the adjuvants, and the mixture is moistened with water. The mixture is extruded and then dried in a stream of air.
Figure imgf000014_0002
The finely ground combination is uniformly applied, in a mixer, to the kaolin moistened with polyethylene glycol. Non-dusty coated granules are obtained in this manner. Suspension concentrate
Figure imgf000014_0003
The finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water. Using such dilutions, living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion.
Flowable concentrate for seed treatment
Figure imgf000014_0004
Figure imgf000015_0001
The finely ground combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water. Using such dilutions, living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion.
Slow Release Capsule Suspension
28 parts of the combination are mixed with 2 parts of an aromatic solvent and 7 parts of toluene diisocyanate/polymethylene-polyphenylisocyanate-mixture (8:1). This mixture is emulsified in a mixture of 1 .2 parts of polyvinylalcohol, 0.05 parts of a defoamer and 51 .6 parts of water until the desired particle size is achieved. To this emulsion a mixture of 2.8 parts 1 ,6-diaminohexane in 5.3 parts of water is added. The mixture is agitated until the polymerization reaction is completed. The obtained capsule suspension is stabilized by adding 0.25 parts of a thickener and 3 parts of a dispersing agent. The capsule suspension formulation contains 28% of the active ingredients. The medium capsule diameter is 8-15 microns. The resulting formulation is applied to seeds as an aqueous suspension in an apparatus suitable for that purpose.
The combination or composition of the present invention may be applied to a plant, part of the plant, plant organ, plant propagation material or a plant growing locus.
The application is generally made by spraying (I) and (II) separately (the combination) or (I) and (II) together (i.e. the composition), typically by tractor mounted sprayer for large areas, but other methods such as dusting (for powders), drip or drench can also be used. Alternatively, the combination or composition may be applied in furrow or directly to a seed before or at the time of planting.
The combination or composition of the present invention may be applied pre-emergence or post-emergence. Where the combination or composition is used to regulate the growth of crop plants or enhance the tolerance to abiotic stress, it may be applied post-emergence of the crop. Where the combination or composition is used to inhibit or delay the germination of seeds, it may be applied preemergence. Where the combination or composition is used to control pests, it may be applied as a preventative (before pest establishment) or curative (after pest establishment) treatment.
The present invention envisages application of the combinations and compositions of the invention to plant propagation material prior to, during, or after planting, or any combination of these. Although active ingredients can be applied to plant propagation material in any physiological state, a common approach is to use seeds in a sufficiently durable state to incur no damage during the treatment process. Typically, seed would have been harvested from the field removed from the plant and separated from any cob, stalk, outer husk, and surrounding pulp or other non-seed plant material. Seed would preferably also be biologically stable to the extent that treatment would not cause biological damage to the seed. It is believed that treatment can be applied to seed at any time between seed harvest and sowing of seed including during the sowing process.
Methods for applying or treating active ingredients on to plant propagation material or to the locus of planting are known in the art and include dressing, coating, pelleting and soaking as well as nursery tray application, in furrow application, soil drenching, soil injection, drip irrigation, application through sprinklers or central pivot, or incorporation into soil (broad cast or in band). Alternatively or in addition, active ingredients may be applied on a suitable substrate sown together with the plant propagation material.
The rates of application of combinations and compositions of the present invention may vary within wide limits and depend on the nature of the soil, the method of application (pre- or postemergence, seed dressing, application to the seed furrow, no tillage application etc.), the crop plant, the prevailing climatic conditions, and other factors governed by the method of application, the time of application and the target crop. For foliar or drench application, the combinations and compositions of the present invention are generally applied at a rate of from 1 to 2000 g/ha, especially from 5 to 1000 g/ha. For seed treatment the rate of application is generally between 0.0005 and 150 g per 100 kg of seed.
The compositions according to the invention can be used in combination with other pesticides, including other pesticides such as insecticides, fungicides, or agents that enhance the activity of the composition according to the invention, in for example chemical treatment or pest control programs. The combination may have further surprising advantages, which could be described as synergistic effects.
Suitable other pesticides are, for example, pesticides of the following classes of active ingredients: organophosphates, nitrophenol derivatives, thioureas, juvenile hormones, formamidines, benzophenone derivatives, ureas, pyrrole derivatives, carbamates, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, acyl ureas, pyridylmethyleneamino derivatives, macrolides, benzoylureas, neonicotinoids and biological agents such as Bacillus thurigiensis strains or bacterially-derived pesticides such as spinosads, avermectins and Cry proteins.
The compositions of the present invention may be applied to dicotyledonous or monocotyledonous crops. Crops of useful plants in which the composition according to the invention can be used include perennial and annual crops, such as berry plants for example blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, raspberries and strawberries, cereals for example barley, maize (corn), millet, oats, rice, rye, sorghum triticale and wheat, fibre plants for example cotton, flax, hemp, jute and sisal, field crops for example sugar and fodder beet, coffee, hops, mustard, oilseed rape (canola), poppy, sugar cane, sunflower, tea and tobacco, fruit trees for example apple, apricot, avocado, banana, cherry, citrus, nectarine, peach, pear and plum, grasses for example Bermuda grass, bluegrass, bentgrass, centipede grass, fescue, ryegrass, St. Augustine grass and Zoysia grass, herbs such as basil, borage, chives, coriander, lavender, lovage, mint, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage and thyme, legumes for example beans, lentils, peas and soya beans, nuts for example almond, cashew, ground nut, hazelnut, peanut, pecan, pistachio and walnut, palms for example oil palm, ornamentals for example flowers, shrubs and trees, other trees, for example cacao, coconut, olive and rubber, vegetables for example asparagus, aubergine, broccoli, cabbage, carrot, cucumber, garlic, lettuce, marrow, melon, okra, onion, pepper, potato, pumpkin, rhubarb, spinach and tomato, and vines for example grapes.
Crops are to be understood as being those which are naturally occurring, obtained by conventional methods of breeding, or obtained by genetic engineering. They include crops which contain so-called output traits (e.g. improved storage stability, higher nutritional value and improved flavour).
Crops are to be understood as also including those crops which have been rendered tolerant to herbicides like bromoxynil or classes of herbicides such as ALS-, EPSPS-, GS-, HPPD- and PPO- inhibitors. An example of a crop that has been rendered tolerant to imidazolinones, e.g. imazamox, by conventional methods of breeding is Clearfield® summer canola. Examples of crops that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by genetic engineering methods include e.g. glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant maize varieties commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady®, Herculex I® and LibertyLink®.
Crops are also to be understood as being those which naturally are or have been rendered resistant to harmful insects. This includes plants transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques, for example, to be capable of synthesising one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for example, from toxin-producing bacteria. Examples of toxins which can be expressed include d-endotoxins, vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising nematodes, and toxins produced by scorpions, arachnids, wasps and fungi.
An example of a crop that has been modified to express the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin is the Bt maize KnockOut (Syngenta Seeds). An example of a crop comprising more than one gene that codes for insecticidal resistance and thus expresses more than one toxin is VipCot® (Syngenta Seeds). Crops or seed material thereof can also be resistant to multiple types of pests (so-called stacked transgenic events when created by genetic modification). For example, a plant can have the ability to express an insecticidal protein while at the same time being herbicide tolerant, for example Herculex I® (Dow AgroSciences, Pioneer Hi-Bred International).
Normally, in the management of a crop a grower would use one or more other agronomic chemicals or biologicals in addition to the composition of the present invention.
The present invention also provides the use of the combination or composition as defined above on a rice plant for controlling insects in the order Hemiptera. Preferably, the combination or composition as defined above is used on a rice plant for controlling insects in the family Delphacidae or Cicadellidae such as, for example, insects in the genus selected from Nilaparvata spp., Laodelphax spp., Sogatella spp. and Nephotettix spp., especially Nilaparvata lugens, Laodelphax striatellus, Sogatella furcifera, Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix cincticeps.
A synergistic effect exists whenever the action of an active ingredient combination is greater than the sum of the actions of the individual components. The action to be expected E for a given active ingredient combination obeys the so-called COLBY formula and can be calculated as follows (COLBY, S.R. "Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combination". Weeds, Vol. 15, pages 20-22, 1967): ppm = milligrams of active ingredient (a.i.) per liter,
X = % action by first active ingredient using p ppm of the active ingredient,
Y = % action by second active ingredient using q ppm of the active ingredient.
According to COLBY, the expected (additive) action of active ingredients A + B using p + q ppm of active ingredient i
Figure imgf000018_0001
If the action actually observed O is greater than the expected action E, then the action of the combination is super-additive, i.e. there is a synergistic effect. In mathematical terms, synergism corresponds to a positive value for the difference of (O-E). In the case of purely complementary addition of activities (expected activity), said difference (O-E) is zero. A negative value of said difference (O-E) signals a loss of activity compared to the expected activity.
EXAMPLES
The Examples which follow serve to illustrate the invention and are not meant in any way to limit the scope of the invention.
The compositions according to the invention comprising Pymetrozine and Triflumezopyrim are tested for their biological (pesticidal) activity using application rates wherein the component (I) is applied at a rate of 60 to 270 g/ha in association with 10 to 45 g/ha of component (II).
Example 1
The active ingredient compounds were formulated separately into individual solutions of Pymetrozine and Triflumezopyrim. A mixture was prepared using the same solutions of Pymetrozine and Triflumezopyrim at different weight ratios from 7:1 to 9:1. Insecticide applications were made to 2- week-old rice plants using a turntable spray applicator (360 l/ha, 18 ml solution, 2 bar pressure for 12 seconds). After the spray solution had dried (approximately 3 hours) each plant was infested with approximately 30 Nilaparvata lugens N4 nymphs. Plants and insects were contained within a sealed plastic cylinder. Insect mortality was assessed at 1 and 3 days after infestation.
Results from the tests outlined above are as set forth in Table 1. These data show that a faster response in terms of pesticidal activity is observed for the combination of Pymetrozine and Triflumezopyrim against Nilaparvata lugens with weight ratios from 7:1 to 9:1 for the compositions C1 to C3. After only 1 day from the application, the combination of Pymetrozine and Triflumezopyrim shows a very high control of Nilaparvata lugens, advantageously at low weight ratios from 7:1 to 9:1 , whilst the individual active ingredients show no pesticidal activity or lower pesticidal activity under the same conditions.
Table 1 : Pesticidal activity of a composition of Pymetrozine (PYME) and Triflu mezopyrim (TFMP) against Nilaparvata lugens as described in Example 1 above.
Figure imgf000019_0001

Claims

1 . A method of controlling or preventing damage to a rice plant caused by an insect in the order Hemiptera, wherein said method comprises applying on the plant, the locus thereof or its propagation material a combination comprising the following components:
(I) Pymetrozine, and
(II) Triflumezopyrim, wherein the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) is from 7:1 to 9:1 .
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the combination comprises the following components:
(I) from 60 to 270 g/ha of Pymetrozine, and
(II) from 10 to 45 g/ha of Triflumezopyrim.
3. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the combination comprises the following components:
(I) from 90 to 180 g/ha of Pymetrozine, and
(II) from 15 to 30 g/ha of Triflumezopyrim.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the combination comprises the following components:
(I) from 120 to 150 g/ha of Pymetrozine, and
(II) from 20 to 25 g/ha of Triflumezopyrim.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the insect is in the family Delphacidae or Cicadellidae.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the insect is in the genus selected from Nilaparvata spp., Laodelphax spp., Sogatella spp. and Nephotettix spp.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the insect is selected from the species Nilaparvata lugens, Laodelphax striatellus, Sogatella furcifera, Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix cincticeps.
8. The method according to any one of claim 1 to 7, wherein the combination is applied in succession, or simultaneously, or as a composition comprising components (I) and (II).
9. The method according to any one of claim 1 to 8, wherein the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) is from 7:1 to 8:1 , preferably 7.5:1 .
10. A composition comprising the following components: (I) Pymetrozine,
(II) Triflumezopyrim, and
(III) optionally, one or more auxiliaries and diluent, wherein the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) is from 7:1 to 9:1 .
11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the weight ratio of component (I) to component (II) is from 7:1 to 8:1 , preferably 7.5:1.
12. Use of the composition according to claim 10 or claim 11 on a rice plant for controlling insects in the order Hemiptera.
13. Use according to claim 12, wherein the insect is in the family Delphacidae or Cicadellidae.
14. Use according to claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the insect is in the genus selected from Nilaparvata spp. , Laodelphax spp. , Sogatella spp. and Nephotettix spp.
15. Use according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the insect is selected from the species Nilaparvata lugens, Laodelphax striatellus, Sogatella furcifera, Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix cincticeps.
PCT/EP2022/054528 2021-02-26 2022-02-23 Pesticidal compositions WO2022180096A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202280014984.1A CN116887676A (en) 2021-02-26 2022-02-23 Pesticide composition

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21159720 2021-02-26
EP21159720.8 2021-02-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022180096A1 true WO2022180096A1 (en) 2022-09-01

Family

ID=74844691

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2022/054528 WO2022180096A1 (en) 2021-02-26 2022-02-23 Pesticidal compositions

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116887676A (en)
WO (1) WO2022180096A1 (en)

Citations (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0353191A2 (en) 1988-07-29 1990-01-31 Ciba-Geigy Ag DNA sequences encoding polypeptides having beta-1,3-glucanase activity
EP0367474A1 (en) 1988-11-01 1990-05-09 Mycogen Corporation Novel bacillus thuringiensis isolate denoted b.t. ps81gg, active against lepidopteran pests, and a gene encoding a lepidopteran-active toxin
US4931439A (en) 1987-10-16 1990-06-05 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Pesticides
EP0374753A2 (en) 1988-12-19 1990-06-27 American Cyanamid Company Insecticidal toxines, genes coding therefor, antibodies binding them, transgenic plant cells and plants expressing these toxines
EP0392225A2 (en) 1989-03-24 1990-10-17 Ciba-Geigy Ag Disease-resistant transgenic plants
WO1990013651A1 (en) 1989-05-09 1990-11-15 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Bacterial genes
EP0401979A2 (en) 1989-05-18 1990-12-12 Mycogen Corporation Novel bacillus thuringiensis isolates active against lepidopteran pests, and genes encoding novel lepidopteran-active toxins
EP0427529A1 (en) 1989-11-07 1991-05-15 Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Larvicidal lectins and plant insect resistance based thereon
EP0451878A1 (en) 1985-01-18 1991-10-16 Plant Genetic Systems, N.V. Modifying plants by genetic engineering to combat or control insects
WO1993007278A1 (en) 1991-10-04 1993-04-15 Ciba-Geigy Ag Synthetic dna sequence having enhanced insecticidal activity in maize
WO1995033818A2 (en) 1994-06-08 1995-12-14 Ciba-Geigy Ag Genes for the synthesis of antipathogenic substances
WO1995034656A1 (en) 1994-06-10 1995-12-21 Ciba-Geigy Ag Novel bacillus thuringiensis genes coding toxins active against lepidopteran pests
WO2002015701A2 (en) 2000-08-25 2002-02-28 Syngenta Participations Ag Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein hybrids
WO2003000906A2 (en) 2001-06-22 2003-01-03 Syngenta Participations Ag Plant disease resistance genes
WO2003018810A2 (en) 2001-08-31 2003-03-06 Syngenta Participations Ag Modified cry3a toxins and nucleic acid sequences coding therefor
WO2003052073A2 (en) 2001-12-17 2003-06-26 Syngenta Participations Ag Novel corn event
WO2011017351A2 (en) 2009-08-05 2011-02-10 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Mixtures of mesoionic pesticides
WO2012092115A1 (en) 2010-12-29 2012-07-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Mesoionic pyrido [1,2 -a] pyrimidine pesticides

Patent Citations (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0451878A1 (en) 1985-01-18 1991-10-16 Plant Genetic Systems, N.V. Modifying plants by genetic engineering to combat or control insects
US4931439A (en) 1987-10-16 1990-06-05 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Pesticides
EP0353191A2 (en) 1988-07-29 1990-01-31 Ciba-Geigy Ag DNA sequences encoding polypeptides having beta-1,3-glucanase activity
EP0367474A1 (en) 1988-11-01 1990-05-09 Mycogen Corporation Novel bacillus thuringiensis isolate denoted b.t. ps81gg, active against lepidopteran pests, and a gene encoding a lepidopteran-active toxin
EP0374753A2 (en) 1988-12-19 1990-06-27 American Cyanamid Company Insecticidal toxines, genes coding therefor, antibodies binding them, transgenic plant cells and plants expressing these toxines
EP0392225A2 (en) 1989-03-24 1990-10-17 Ciba-Geigy Ag Disease-resistant transgenic plants
WO1990013651A1 (en) 1989-05-09 1990-11-15 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Bacterial genes
EP0401979A2 (en) 1989-05-18 1990-12-12 Mycogen Corporation Novel bacillus thuringiensis isolates active against lepidopteran pests, and genes encoding novel lepidopteran-active toxins
EP0427529A1 (en) 1989-11-07 1991-05-15 Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Larvicidal lectins and plant insect resistance based thereon
WO1993007278A1 (en) 1991-10-04 1993-04-15 Ciba-Geigy Ag Synthetic dna sequence having enhanced insecticidal activity in maize
WO1995033818A2 (en) 1994-06-08 1995-12-14 Ciba-Geigy Ag Genes for the synthesis of antipathogenic substances
WO1995034656A1 (en) 1994-06-10 1995-12-21 Ciba-Geigy Ag Novel bacillus thuringiensis genes coding toxins active against lepidopteran pests
WO2002015701A2 (en) 2000-08-25 2002-02-28 Syngenta Participations Ag Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein hybrids
WO2003000906A2 (en) 2001-06-22 2003-01-03 Syngenta Participations Ag Plant disease resistance genes
WO2003018810A2 (en) 2001-08-31 2003-03-06 Syngenta Participations Ag Modified cry3a toxins and nucleic acid sequences coding therefor
WO2003052073A2 (en) 2001-12-17 2003-06-26 Syngenta Participations Ag Novel corn event
WO2011017351A2 (en) 2009-08-05 2011-02-10 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Mixtures of mesoionic pesticides
US20140187776A1 (en) * 2009-08-05 2014-07-03 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Mixtures of mesoionic pesticides
WO2012092115A1 (en) 2010-12-29 2012-07-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Mesoionic pyrido [1,2 -a] pyrimidine pesticides
US20150038329A1 (en) * 2010-12-29 2015-02-05 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Mesoionic pesticides

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual", 1981, MC PUBLISHING CORP.
COLBY, S.R.: "Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combination", WEEDS, vol. 15, 1967, pages 20 - 22, XP001112961
SHAH KENAL V. ET AL: "SYNERGISTIC INSECTICIDAL COMPOSITION OF PYMETROZINE", INDIAN PATENT APPLICATION 201821023081, 27 December 2019 (2019-12-27), pages 1 - 46, XP055825162, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://ipindiaservices.gov.in/PatentSearch/PatentSearch/ViewPDF> *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN116887676A (en) 2023-10-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP6595985B2 (en) Tank mix formulation
AU2016234947B2 (en) Pesticidal mixtures including spiroheterocyclic pyrrolidine diones
JP6595986B2 (en) Tank mix formulation
KR20130080441A (en) Pesticidal compositions
KR102022111B1 (en) Pesticidal mixtures including spiroheterocyclic pyrrolidine diones
EP2804478B1 (en) Pesticidal mixtures including spiroheterocyclic pyrrolidine diones
EP3451835B1 (en) Insecticide mixtures comprising loline alkaloids
WO2023105064A1 (en) Insect, acarina and nematode pest control
WO2022180096A1 (en) Pesticidal compositions
CN115633687A (en) Composition for preventing and treating mites, insects and nematodes and application
JP2022521732A (en) Use of Spiropidion
TW201418219A (en) Chemical compounds
WO2022200364A1 (en) Insect, acarina and nematode pest control
WO2022175318A1 (en) Insect and acarina pest control
EP4337016A1 (en) Seed treatment compositions
WO2023046853A1 (en) Insect, acarina and nematode pest control
WO2023280999A1 (en) Insect, acarina and nematode pest control
WO2022268815A1 (en) Insect, acarina and nematode pest control
EP4294185A1 (en) Insect and acarina pest control
WO2023105065A1 (en) Insect, acarina and nematode pest control
WO2022268813A1 (en) Insect, acarina and nematode pest control
WO2023203038A1 (en) Insect, acarina and nematode pest control
CN117320552A (en) Insect, acarina and nematode pest control
CN116916751A (en) Insect and acarina pest control
WO2023152340A1 (en) Insect, acarina and nematode pest control

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 22707704

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 202280014984.1

Country of ref document: CN

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 22707704

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1