WO2022179764A1 - Anlage und verfahren zur reduktion des kohlenstoffdioxidanteils in atmosphärischer luft - Google Patents
Anlage und verfahren zur reduktion des kohlenstoffdioxidanteils in atmosphärischer luft Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022179764A1 WO2022179764A1 PCT/EP2022/050633 EP2022050633W WO2022179764A1 WO 2022179764 A1 WO2022179764 A1 WO 2022179764A1 EP 2022050633 W EP2022050633 W EP 2022050633W WO 2022179764 A1 WO2022179764 A1 WO 2022179764A1
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- carbon dioxide
- water
- oxygen
- carbon
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 390
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 23
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 174
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 137
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 136
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017741 MH2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004177 carbon cycle Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012994 industrial processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/205—Preparation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
- C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
- C07C29/1516—Multisteps
- C07C29/1518—Multisteps one step being the formation of initial mixture of carbon oxides and hydrogen for synthesis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- C25B15/081—Supplying products to non-electrochemical reactors that are combined with the electrochemical cell, e.g. Sabatier reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
- B01D2252/204—Amines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/06—Polluted air
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Definitions
- the invention relates to a system for reducing the proportion of carbon dioxide in atmospheric air, in particular for reducing the proportion of carbon dioxide in atmospheric air and in water, preferably seawater.
- the invention also relates to a method for operating such a system.
- the ratified Paris Agreement sets the main goal of keeping the rise in global mean temperature below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, which requires a reduction in CO 2 emissions to zero by 2050. Suggestions to limit these emissions include the use of biofuels, solar power and wind turbines.
- the reduction of previous CO 2 emissions i.e. limiting the increase in the CO 2 content in the atmosphere, is not sufficient in the long term to correct the imbalance between oxygen and CO2 in the atmosphere that has arisen up to now due to overproduction of CO2. Rather, there is a need not only not to further increase the CC content in the atmosphere in the long term, but rather to actively reduce it.
- the natural carbon cycle has evolved over a long period of time in such a way that a certain amount of CO2 is present in the atmosphere. Plants play a key role here, absorbing the carbon from the CO2 through photosynthesis and releasing the oxygen content back into the atmosphere. This removes the CO2 from the air (over 100 billion tons of carbon are absorbed by plants every year in this way). It is well known that growing forest, especially between the ages of 10 and 40 years, is very good at removing carbon from the air to bind the CO2 present and release the oxygen into the atmosphere. A forest of this kind covering an area of one hectare usually releases around 15 to 30 tons of oxygen into the atmosphere per year. The amount of oxygen released depends on the type of forest (deciduous forest, coniferous forest or mixed forest).
- the natural forest has the disadvantage that the effective C0 2 binding or oxygen production is limited to the aforementioned age period. Another limitation is the dependence of the photosynthesis process on sunlight. While the forest can bind CO2 during daylight and thus produce oxygen, this is not possible at night. Furthermore, after trees have rotted or been felled, new trees have to be planted again in order to maintain the natural CO 2 cycle. This involves a lot of effort.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a system that supports the natural forest in its function through a continuous process and thereby not only slows down global warming, but also reverses it at least in part in the long term. Furthermore, the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for operating such a system.
- this object is achieved with regard to the system by the subject matter of claim 1.
- the above-mentioned object is achieved by the subject matter of claim 17.
- the task of a plant for reducing the carbon dioxide content in atmospheric air, in particular for Reduction of the proportion of carbon dioxide in atmospheric air and proportionately dissolved in water, preferably seawater, the system comprising:
- At least one electrolysis unit for oxygen production connected to at least one water supply line for receiving a quantity of water and adapted to split a received quantity of water into an oxygen portion and a hydrogen portion by electrolysis;
- At least one hydrogen transport device connecting the electrolysis unit to a carbonization unit for carbon synthesis, in particular a Bosch reaction unit;
- At least one carbon dioxide sorption unit for cleaning ambient air of an external atmosphere surrounding the plant, which has at least one air inlet for supplying the ambient air and at least one downstream sorber device which is adapted to extract a quantity of carbon dioxide from the ambient air;
- the electrolysis unit has at least one oxygen outlet for releasing the partial oxygen quantity and the carbon dioxide sorption unit has at least one air outlet for releasing cleaned ambient air, the oxygen outlet and the air outlet opening into the outside atmosphere.
- the carbonization unit has a carbon outlet for removing carbon.
- the system also has at least one power generation unit for self-sufficient power supply of the system, wherein the power generation unit for power generation uses one or more, in particular exclusively, regenerative energy sources.
- Power generation unit at least one photovoltaic unit for converting solar energy into electricity.
- the use of a photovoltaic unit is particularly preferred since the energy generation costs are particularly low here. Compared to other technologies for regenerative energy generation, energy generation using photovoltaics is three to ten times cheaper. This applies in particular if the system is set up in a region with a high number of hours of sunshine, for example in Saudi Arabia.
- the electricity generation unit can additionally or alternatively have at least one wind power unit for converting wind energy into electricity.
- the wind power unit can include one or more wind turbines.
- the electricity generation unit can comprise at least one hydroelectric power unit for converting hydroelectric power into electricity.
- the hydroelectric power unit can be at least one hydroelectric power station, in particular a river power station or a pumped storage power station.
- the hydroelectric power unit can additionally or alternatively comprise a wave power plant.
- the electricity generation unit can additionally or alternatively be at least one thermal unit for converting thermal energy into electricity.
- the thermal unit may be adapted to convert heat from at least one subsurface layer of earth into electricity. Other thermal units are possible.
- the system can also have at least one buffer store for storing energy.
- the buffer memory can be adapted to store electrical power.
- the buffer storage can be adapted to store hydrogen. The latter is particularly preferred.
- the buffer storage also allows the system to be supplied with energy at night, so that the system can be operated without interruption to operations. The plant and the process can thus be operated continuously.
- the invention has various advantages.
- the plant In order to produce oxygen for release into the outside atmosphere, the plant only needs water as the basic substance, which is broken down into its components oxygen and hydrogen by an electrolysis process. This process is called water electrolysis.
- the electrolysis unit is connected to the water supply line to receive a quantity of water for the electrolysis process.
- the water body may be a fresh water body or a desalinated sea water body.
- at least one processing unit, in particular a Desalination unit may be provided, which prepares the amount of water before the electrolysis process, in particular cleans and / or desalinates.
- the electrolysis unit If the amount of water taken up is divided by the electrolysis unit into an oxygen portion and a hydrogen portion, the separated oxygen portion is discharged through the oxygen outlet of the electrolysis unit into the outside atmosphere. This mixes the air from the outside atmosphere with fresh oxygen and supports the natural forest in producing oxygen.
- the oxygen outlet can be formed by at least one line, in particular a pipeline, which extends from the electrolysis unit to the outside atmosphere.
- the oxygen outlet can be formed by a chimney, through which the separated partial oxygen quantity can be discharged into the atmosphere.
- At least one ventilator, in particular a blower, can be arranged between the electrolysis unit and the oxygen outlet for discharging the partial oxygen quantity.
- the separated hydrogen subset is using the
- the hydrogen transport means may be a pipeline connected to the electrolysis unit and the carbonation unit.
- the system can have a hydrogen buffer store that buffers the partial hydrogen quantity before it is supplied to the carbonization unit.
- the hydrogen transport device then preferably connects the electrolysis unit to the intermediate hydrogen store and this in turn to the carbonization unit.
- the intermediate hydrogen store can be a container, in particular a pressure container.
- the carbon dioxide sorption unit is adapted to extract an amount of carbon dioxide from the ambient air.
- the carbon dioxide sorption unit is therefore used to clean the ambient air of the outside atmosphere of carbon dioxide.
- the carbon dioxide sorption unit has the sorber device, which is adapted to remove at least a quantity of carbon dioxide from the ambient air.
- the Sorber device is preferably an amine exchanger. Other sorber devices for extracting carbon dioxide from air are possible.
- the carbon dioxide sorption unit has the advantage that the CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere is reduced and thus the original concentration before industrialization is again approached. This represents a partial function of the natural forest, so that it is further supported. Advantageously, this slows down global warming.
- the extracted amount of carbon dioxide is conveyed to the carbonation unit by the carbon dioxide transport device.
- the carbon dioxide transport means may be a pipeline connected to the carbon dioxide sorption unit and the carbonation unit.
- the system can have a carbon dioxide buffer store in which the carbon dioxide quantity is temporarily stored by the carbon dioxide transport device before it is forwarded to the carbonization unit.
- the carbon dioxide transport device can connect the carbon dioxide sorption unit to the intermediate carbon dioxide store and to the carbonation unit.
- the intermediate carbon dioxide store can be a container, in particular a pressure container.
- the carbonation unit processes the through the
- a Bosch reaction is preferably used for this purpose.
- Other carbonization methods are also possible.
- the carbonization unit can be designed to carry out a Kvaerner process or a CO 2 plasma burner process.
- the carbon dioxide of the carbon dioxide quantity is thus split into carbon and oxygen, with the oxygen combining with the hydrogen of the hydrogen partial quantity to form water.
- the carbon can be removed via the carbon outlet of the carbonization unit, for example for further processing or storage. In this way, the carbon dioxide content in atmospheric air is efficiently reduced.
- the system described here constitutes a means by which the carbon dioxide content of the atmospheric air can be reduced.
- the system prevents an undesirable reduction in the proportion of oxygen by reducing the proportion of CO 2 in the air.
- the system according to the invention thus makes it possible to regulate the quantity of the components in the atmospheric air, so that an existing imbalance in the quantities of the components in the air can be compensated for.
- the invention has the additional advantage that the system can be operated continuously regardless of the time of day or night.
- carbon dioxide can be continuously removed from the atmosphere through the plant and oxygen can be continuously added to the atmosphere.
- the oxygen release and carbon dioxide extraction performance of the system is essentially independent of the service life of the system.
- oxygen can be produced in a continuous process and carbon dioxide can be sorbed and removed from the atmosphere over the long term through carbonization. This not only reliably supports the natural forest, but also surpasses its function, since the carbon removed from the atmosphere is stored for a long time and the risk of the carbon being released again by burning forest areas, for example, is reduced.
- the carbon produced in the carbonization unit is supplied to a carbon store.
- the carbon reservoir can in particular be an ocean or an ocean floor.
- the carbon, especially in the form of graphite can be permanently stored on the seabed.
- the plant according to the invention can particularly preferably be operated as a large-scale power plant in coastal regions, in particular with access to a lake or sea, since water for producing oxygen is available in very large quantities.
- the system is preferably designed for operation in very dry areas, in particular deserts. This has the advantage that such areas, in which there is little or no vegetation, are upgraded through sensible use.
- the system according to the invention essentially forms an artificial forest that takes over a function of the natural forest and/or supports the function of the natural forest. Further the system can be operated completely self-sufficient in terms of energy in combination with a photovoltaic system, ie without using fossil fuels.
- the hydrogen transport device and the carbon dioxide transport device can additionally be connected to a methanol synthesis unit for the production of methanol, the methanol synthesis unit having a methanol outlet for removing methanol.
- the system can therefore also be used to produce a CC -neutral fuel, namely CO 2 -neutral methanol. This applies in particular if the system is supplied with energy exclusively from regenerative energies, in particular a photovoltaic unit.
- the plant can initially be used mainly or entirely for the production of methanol in order to meet the initially high demand.
- demand decreases for example because climate-neutral mobility has been achieved across the board or mobility is becoming less important, especially in the course of digitization, the plant can be operated in such a way that the proportion of methanol production is successively reduced and the proportion of carbonization and carbon storage is increased.
- the plant could be operated to produce 20% graphite for storage and 80% methanol, while the same plant could produce 50% graphite for storage and 50% methanol in 2050 and 90% graphite in 2070 generated for storage and 10% methanol.
- the efficiency of the system can advantageously be increased if at least part of the water is returned to the electrolysis unit and is thus available for the production of hydrogen and oxygen.
- the carbonation unit is connected to the electrolysis unit by means of a water transport device.
- the carbonization unit in particular the carbon outlet, is preferably connected to a carbon store by means of a carbon transport device. This enables the long-term storage of carbon and thus has the desired effect of reducing the proportion of carbon in the atmosphere and thus at least partially correcting the imbalance between carbon dioxide and oxygen that has arisen up to now due to industrialization.
- the carbon transport device can be formed at least in sections by a water return line.
- the water return line can in particular open into a water reservoir, preferably the sea.
- the carbon or graphite can be stored on the sea floor in the long term. It is also possible to trade the carbon as activated carbon.
- the overarching goal of the invention to reduce the proportion of carbon in the atmosphere in the long term, is reliably achieved if the carbon is permanently stored.
- the sea floor is particularly suitable as a carbon store.
- the water return line is resistant to salt water.
- the water supply line can be resistant to salt water.
- the water supply line and the water return line can open into a water reservoir, in particular a sea, in order to take up salt water from the water reservoir or to return it to the water reservoir. If the carbon transport device is formed at least in sections by the water return line, the carbon can also be fed into the water reservoir via the water return line.
- the water supply line can have a desalination device to desalinate the seawater before it is supplied to the electrolysis unit.
- the carbonization unit preferably has a catalyst which comprises iron, cobalt, nickel and/or ruthenium. This is especially true when the carbonation unit is designed as a Bosch reaction unit.
- At least one carbon dioxide extraction unit is provided, which is connected to the water supply line for the extraction of carbon dioxide from the amount of water.
- Water especially sea water, contains a significant proportion of carbon in the form of CO2, which can be stored in the long term in the form of graphite.
- the reduction of carbon dioxide from the sea water also affects the CO 2 content in the atmosphere, since the reduction of the CO 2 content in the sea water outgasses less CO 2 and enters the atmosphere.
- the electrolysis unit has an annual output of at least 700,000 tons of partial oxygen and/or the carbon dioxide sorption unit has an annual extraction capacity of at least 400,000 tons, in particular 600,000 tons, in particular 640,000 tons of carbon dioxide.
- the electrolysis unit can be adapted to produce from a water quantity of at least 1.5 kg, in particular of at least 1.7 kg, an oxygen partial quantity of at least 1.2 kg, in particular of at least 1.5 kg, and/or a hydrogen partial quantity of at least 0 1 kg, in particular at least 0.15 kg to separate.
- the carbon dioxide sorption unit can be adapted to extract at least 1.1 kg, in particular at least 1.3 kg, preferably 1.375 kg, of carbon dioxide from an ambient air volume of at least 3300 kg.
- a secondary aspect of the invention relates to a system, in particular a power plant, for using the carbon dioxide content in atmospheric air, in particular for using the carbon dioxide content in atmospheric air and in water, preferably seawater, for the production of a liquid fuel, the system comprising the following:
- At least one electrolysis unit for oxygen production connected to at least one water supply line for receiving a quantity of water and adapted to split a received quantity of water into an oxygen portion and a hydrogen portion by electrolysis;
- - at least one hydrogen transport device connecting the electrolysis unit to a methanol synthesis unit for the production of methanol;
- At least one carbon dioxide sorption unit for cleaning ambient air of an external atmosphere surrounding the plant, which has at least one air inlet for supplying the ambient air and at least one downstream sorber device which is adapted to extract a quantity of carbon dioxide from the ambient air;
- the electrolysis unit has at least one oxygen outlet for releasing the partial oxygen quantity and the carbon dioxide sorption unit has at least one air outlet for releasing cleaned ambient air, the oxygen outlet and the air outlet opening into the outside atmosphere
- the methanol synthesis unit has a methanol outlet for removing methanol.
- the system also has at least one power generation unit for self-sufficient power supply of the system, wherein the power generation unit for power generation uses one or more, in particular exclusively, regenerative energy sources.
- the advantage of this system is that not only the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but also the carbon dioxide bound in the water is used to produce methanol as a climate-neutral liquid fuel. This increases the raw material sources available for the production of methanol and in this respect offers reliability. At the same time, the goal of reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is being pursued.
- Another subsidiary aspect of the invention relates to a method for reducing the carbon dioxide content in atmospheric air, in particular for Improving atmospheric air quality, in particular for operating a system as described above, wherein the method
- An amount of water is taken up by at least one electrolysis unit for oxygen production through at least one water supply line and the amount of water taken up is broken down by electrolysis into an oxygen subset and a hydrogen subset;
- the hydrogen subset is at least partially passed through at least one hydrogen transport device to a carbonization unit;
- Ambient air of an external atmosphere surrounding the plant is cleaned by at least one carbon dioxide sorption unit, the ambient air being fed through at least one air inlet to a downstream sorber device and a quantity of carbon dioxide then being extracted from the fed ambient air by the sorber device;
- the amount of carbon dioxide is passed through at least one carbon dioxide transport device to the carbonation unit.
- the oxygen portion and the cleaned ambient air are released to the outside atmosphere and the hydrogen portion and the carbon dioxide amount are converted to water, carbon and heat in the carbonization unit, preferably a Bosch reaction unit.
- This enables a reduction in the proportion of carbon dioxide in the atmospheric air and thus an existing imbalance in the quantities of the components in the air to be compensated for.
- the system is self-sufficiently supplied with electricity from one or more, in particular exclusively, regenerative energy sources.
- the Bosch reaction unit can be connected to the electrolysis unit by a water return device.
- this can be done in the carbonation unit
- the resulting water can be routed from the carbonation unit to the electrolysis unit and used there to generate hydrogen. This increases the efficiency of the method according to the invention, since the proportion of fresh water that has to be fed to the process for the electrolysis is reduced.
- the carbonization unit in particular the carbon outlet, is connected to a carbon store by means of a carbon transport device.
- the carbon produced in the carbonization unit can thus be fed to the carbon storage facility for long-term storage.
- the carbon reservoir can in particular be a natural reservoir, for example a seabed.
- the carbon extracted from the carbonization unit which can be solidified in the form of rock (graphite), can be stored in the sea for a long time.
- the latter is not primarily intended because the further processing and possibly later incineration of further processed products does not reduce the proportion of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
- a reasonable form of further processing is to use the graphite as fertilizer or for soil improvement in agriculture. Since energy is required to transport the graphite to the corresponding regions, which usually leads to the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, the efficiency with regard to the reduction of the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere decreases.
- the heat generated during carbonization in the carbonization unit in particular during a Bosch reaction in the Bosch reaction unit, can be conducted to the carbon dioxide sorption unit and used there as energy for carbon sorption. In this way, the efficiency of the entire process is further increased and the primary energy requirement of the plant or the process is reduced.
- the process temperature for the Bosch reaction used which is preferred for carbonization, is preferably that for the production of carbon Hydrogen and carbon dioxide takes place in the carbonization unit designed as a Bosch reaction unit, between 530°C and 730°C.
- the electrolysis unit has an annual output of at least 700,000 tons of an oxygen fraction.
- the electrolysis unit is preferably adapted to produce at least 700,000 tons of oxygen per year from a water quantity of at least 500,000 tons, in particular at least 700,000 tons, in particular 750,000 tons.
- natural forest which has an annual oxygen release rate of 15 to 30 tons per hectare, the plant in this embodiment and with an assumed area of approximately 12 square kilometers produces 5 to 40 times more oxygen per year .
- the carbon dioxide sorption unit preferably has an extraction capacity of at least 400,000 tons, in particular 600,000 tons, of a quantity of carbon dioxide per year.
- the carbon dioxide sorption unit is preferably adapted to separate at least 400,000 tons, especially 600,000 tons, especially 640,000 tons of carbon dioxide per year from an air volume of 1450 to 1600 megatons, in particular 1570 megatons.
- the C0 2 concentration is reduced by a continuous process in the air in significant amounts.
- the electrolysis unit is adapted to, from a water amount of at least 1.5 kg, in particular at least 1.7 kg, an oxygen subset of at least 1.2 kg, in particular at least 1.5 kg, and / or Separate hydrogen portion of at least 0.1 kg, in particular at least 0.15 kg.
- the electrolysis unit is preferably adapted to consist of a water quantity of 1.7 kg, an oxygen quantity of at least 1.4 kg, in particular at least 1.45 kg, preferably 1.5 kg, and a hydrogen quantity of at least 0.18 kg, preferably 1.1875 kg, to be separated.
- the advantage here is that the electrolysis unit is designed to be highly efficient and very large quantities of oxygen and hydrogen are produced.
- the carbon dioxide sorption unit is adapted to extract a carbon dioxide quantity of at least 1.1 kg to 2 kg, in particular at least 1.3 kg, preferably 1.375 kg, from an ambient air quantity of at least 3300 kg. This enables the significant reduction in the C0 2 concentration in the air.
- the electrolysis unit and/or the carbon dioxide sorption unit each have at least one assembly area that can be or is connected to a foundation, in particular of a building and/or structure.
- the electrolysis unit and/or the carbon dioxide sorption unit are preferably firmly connected to the foundation through the assembly areas.
- each unit can be connected to a separate foundation.
- the electrolysis unit and/or the carbon dioxide sorption unit are designed on a large scale.
- the electrolysis unit and/or the carbon dioxide sorption unit can each be arranged in a separate operating building.
- the electrolysis unit and/or the carbon dioxide sorption unit can be arranged in separate operating buildings that are directly or indirectly adjacent to one another.
- the electrolysis unit and/or the carbon dioxide sorption unit can each be arranged together in one operating building. A combination of a separate arrangement and a joint arrangement of the respective electrolysis unit and/or carbon dioxide sorption unit is possible.
- the system and the process carried out with it are preferably designed such that at least 50,000 tons, in particular at least 100,000 tons, in particular at least 150,000 tons, in particular at least 200,000 tons, in particular at least 250,000 tons, of graphite can be produced.
- the system can have its own infrastructure.
- the system can include at least one access road.
- the system can consist of several structures. This can be industrial buildings, for example.
- power lines can be provided in order to supply the system with power, for example from a photovoltaic unit.
- the system can be arranged in at least one housing.
- the housing can enclose the plant.
- the housing can be made of plastic and/or metal. The advantage here is that the system can be used in municipal buildings as part of a ventilation system or in cities to improve air quality.
- the carbon dioxide sorption unit preferably comprises at least one chimney and at least one flow channel which runs transversely to the chimney and is connected to the chimney at an area which is arranged at the bottom in the installed position.
- the chimney preferably has the air outlet and the flow channel has the air inlet. More preferably, the sorber device is arranged in the direction of flow between the flow channel and the chimney.
- the flow channel is preferably elongate and forms an area for supplying ambient air to the sorber device.
- the chimney is connected downstream of the sorber device and discharges the cleaned ambient air from the sorber device into the outside atmosphere.
- the chimney can be arranged essentially perpendicular to the flow channel.
- the air outlet and the air inlet preferably have a height offset relative to one another. In other words, the air inlet and the air outlet are preferably offset vertically.
- Ambient air can preferably flow through the sorber device. It is advantageous here that the configuration of the carbon dioxide sorption unit with the chimney and the flow duct results in natural ventilation, so that no electrically operated fan is required to accelerate the air.
- the at least one chimney can have a diameter between 20 meters and 30 meters and a height between 50 meters and 200 meters.
- the diameter of the chimney refers to the size of the air outlet. It is possible that the chimney has a larger diameter in the connection area of the flow duct than in the area of the air outlet.
- the chimney preferably has a diameter of 25 meters and a height of 100 meters. Such dimensions of the chimney enable optimized natural ventilation.
- a Air ventilation or an air flow rate is achieved with a number of forty chimneys of at least 1800 megatons per year.
- the flow channel preferably has a surface arranged at the top in the installed position, in particular a dark-colored surface at least in sections, for absorbing solar radiation, in order to heat the ambient air in the flow channel by radiant heat.
- the flow channel is preferably arranged directly below the surface arranged above.
- the surface arranged at the top in the installed position can be essentially black.
- the surface arranged on top can be part of at least one metal sheet. It is alternatively possible that the surface arranged on top is part of at least one plate.
- the natural ventilation for air movement between the flow channel and the chimney is further improved.
- the surface arranged at the top is dark-colored at least in sections and light-colored at least in sections. This enables absorption and reflection of sun rays.
- the surface arranged at the top is part of a flat system area, on the long side of which several chimneys, in particular forty chimneys, are arranged in a row, with below the top arranged surface to one of the chimney out a flow channel runs.
- the flow channels can each be separated from one another by a partition.
- the flow channels preferably run parallel and are part of the flat system area.
- the planar installation area can be rectangular in plan view.
- planar installation area it is also possible for the planar installation area to be circular in plan view.
- the flat system area preferably borders directly on the other units of the system in order to keep the lines short.
- the flat system area has at least one photovoltaic unit, which is arranged on the surface arranged at the top.
- the photovoltaic unit can be connected to the electrolysis unit for power supply.
- the photovoltaic unit can be connected to the carbon dioxide sorption unit for the power supply.
- the photovoltaic unit can be designed as a photovoltaic field on the surface arranged at the top. Thanks to the photovoltaic unit, the system can be operated in an energy self-sufficient manner. The advantage here is that the system is operated exclusively with electricity from solar energy and thus no fossil fuels are used to generate energy.
- Also disclosed and claimed is a method for operating a previously described system for using the proportion of carbon dioxide in atmospheric air to produce a liquid fuel, in particular a system for reducing the proportion of carbon dioxide in atmospheric air and for using this proportion of carbon dioxide at least partially to produce a liquid fuel.
- Ambient air is supplied through at least one air inlet to a downstream sorber device and a quantity of carbon dioxide is then extracted from the supplied ambient air by the sorber device; and - the amount of carbon dioxide by at least one
- Carbon dioxide transport device routed to the methanol synthesis unit (34), wherein the oxygen portion and the purified ambient air are released into the outside atmosphere and the hydrogen portion and the carbon dioxide amount are converted to methanol in the methanol synthesis unit.
- the system is also self-sufficiently supplied with electricity from one or more, in particular exclusively, regenerative energy sources.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a system according to the invention for
- Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a system according to the invention for
- Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a system according to the invention for
- the system 10 includes an electrolysis unit 11 for producing oxygen and a carbon dioxide sorption unit 12 for cleaning ambient air UL of an external atmosphere surrounding the system 10 .
- the system 10 also includes a power generation unit 31 for the self-sufficient power supply of the system 10, which will be discussed in more detail later.
- the electrolysis unit 11 is designed to split an amount of water M H 2 O into an oxygen subset M02 and a hydrogen subset by electrolysis.
- the electrolysis unit 11 thus forms a unit for water electrolysis.
- the electrolysis unit 11 is connected to a water supply line 13 for receiving the quantity of water M H 2 O.
- a pump unit 25 is arranged between the electrolysis unit 11 and the water supply line 13 .
- the pump unit 25 has at least one pump for transporting water from a water reservoir 26 .
- the water reservoir 26 can be a sea of sea water. Alternatively, the water reservoir 26 may be a fresh water lake.
- the Water supply line 13 is connected to a river to take fresh water for water electrolysis.
- the water supply line 13 is connected to a sea for taking sea water.
- the system 10 is arranged near the coast in order to keep the distance to the water supply, in particular the water supply line 13, short.
- the pump unit 25 is designed to pump seawater out of the sea and to make it available to other system parts or units for further processing.
- the system 10 has a seawater desalination unit 27 .
- the seawater desalination unit 27 is connected to the pump unit 25 by at least one pipeline or is integrated into the pump unit 25 .
- the seawater desalination unit 27 is adapted to separate out a specific proportion of salt from the conveyed quantity of seawater M 2o , so that the seawater has a reduced salt content after the desalination process by the seawater desalination unit 27 .
- the amount of desalinated seawater M H 2 O corresponds to the amount of water M H 2 O that is broken down by the electrolysis unit 11 into an oxygen subset MO2 and a hydrogen subset.
- the electrolysis unit 11 is connected to the seawater desalination unit 27 by at least one pipeline. In order to convey the desalinated seawater from the seawater desalination unit 27 to the electrolysis unit 11, at least one further pump can be interposed.
- the electrolysis unit 11 is designed to break down the amount of water M H 2 O taken up into a hydrogen subset and an oxygen subset MO2.
- the electrolysis unit 11 has an oxygen outlet 16 which opens into the outside atmosphere. It is possible for the electrolysis unit 11 to have one or more oxygen outlets 16 for discharging the partial oxygen quantity M02 produced.
- the system 10 also has at least one hydrogen transport device, not shown, which is adapted to make the partial hydrogen quantity separated from the water quantity M H 2 O available to a carbonization unit 34 for further processing. It is It is possible for the system 10 to have an intermediate hydrogen storage facility for this purpose, which is connected to the hydrogen transport device. After the electrolysis process, the hydrogen transport device feeds the separated partial quantity of hydrogen from the electrolysis unit 11 directly to the intermediate hydrogen store or the carbonization unit 34 . Alternatively, it is possible for the hydrogen transport device to supply the partial hydrogen quantity to a further part of the plant, not shown, in order to be processed further.
- the carbon dioxide sorption unit 12 has an air inlet 14 for supplying the ambient air UL and a downstream sorber device 15 . It is possible for the carbon dioxide sorption unit 12 to have one or more air inlets 14 .
- the sorber device 15 is connected to the air inlet 14 .
- the sorber device 15 is adapted to extract an amount of carbon dioxide from the ambient air UL.
- the carbon dioxide sorption unit 12 also has an air outlet 17 .
- the air outlet 17 serves to release the ambient air UL′ that has been cleaned of carbon dioxide.
- the air outlet 17 can be directed upwards in the vertical direction and/or be part of a chimney 19 .
- the sorber device 15 is arranged between the air inlet 14 and the air outlet 17 .
- the ambient air UL flows through the air inlet 14 to the sorber device 15, which separates, in particular filters, a certain amount of carbon dioxide from the air UL, with the cleaned ambient air UL' flowing after the sorber device 15 through the air outlet 17 into the outside atmosphere.
- the sorber device 15 In general, it is possible for several air inlets 14, several sorber devices 15 and several air outlets 17 to be provided.
- FIG. 1 shows the external structure of the carbon dioxide sorption unit 12 as an example.
- the air outlet 17 also opens into the outside atmosphere, just like the oxygen outlet 16.
- the system 10 also includes a carbon dioxide transport device, which is designed to separate from the ambient air UL To provide carbon dioxide quantity a carbon dioxide buffer and / or the carbonization unit 34 of the system 10 for further processing.
- a carbon dioxide transport device which is designed to separate from the ambient air UL
- a carbon dioxide buffer and / or the carbonization unit 34 of the system 10 for further processing.
- at least part of the hydrogen portion and at least part of the carbon dioxide amount are fed to the carbonization unit 34, so that the extracted carbon dioxide amount is processed with the separated hydrogen portion to form further intermediate and/or end products.
- at least part of the amount of carbon dioxide and at least part of the amount of hydrogen can be converted into water, carbon (graphite) and heat in a Bosch reaction, which is carried out in the carbonization unit (34), which is preferably designed as a Bosch reaction unit .
- the system 10 has a flat system area 23 .
- the flat plant area 23 directly adjoins the electrolysis unit 11 .
- a power generation unit 31 which is a photovoltaic unit 24 , is arranged on the flat system area 23 .
- the photovoltaic unit 24 is connected to the respective units of the system 10 for power supply.
- the photovoltaic unit 24 is adapted in such a way that the entire system 10 can be operated in an energy self-sufficient manner. This means that the electrical power for operating the entire system 10 is provided exclusively by solar energy using the photovoltaic unit 24 . In other words, no fossil energy sources are used to operate the system 10 .
- the flat plant area 23 has a longitudinal extent 32 of approximately 5000 meters and a transverse extent 33 of approximately 2000 meters.
- the planar plant area of the plant 10 is formed on an area of 10 square kilometers.
- the plant area shown in FIG. 1 including the electrolysis unit 11 can have a partial longitudinal extension 29 of approximately two kilometers. Other partial longitudinal, longitudinal and transverse extensions 29, 32, 33 are possible.
- plant 10 produces at least 580 tons of oxygen per flektar (0.01 square km) per year.
- the plant 10 has an oxygen release of 5 to 40 times higher the atmosphere up.
- the facility 10 can therefore be said to be an artificial forest that has a higher oxygen release capacity than a natural forest.
- the system according to the invention offers about 30 times more efficient land use than the natural forest.
- the seawater desalination unit 27 described above is connected to a water return line 28, through which a quantity of seawater M′H 2 O to be returned with an increased salt content is returned to the sea. Specifically, a specific salt content is extracted from the amount of seawater removed and then returned to the sea with part of the amount of seawater removed as the amount of water M′H 2 O to be returned.
- the preferred location of the system 10 is near the coast of a sea.
- the system 10 is particularly preferably set up in a desert.
- the system 10 according to FIG. 1 is a large power plant.
- the system 10 has at least one assembly area 18 which is connected to a foundation of a building and/or a structure. It is generally possible for the electrolysis unit 11 and/or the carbon dioxide sorption unit 12 to be arranged in a common building or in separate buildings.
- the power supply unit 31 preferably has a power store, not shown, which is adapted to power the system 10 in night-time operation.
- the system 10 according to FIG. 2 is largely identical to the system 10 according to FIG. 1 and differs only by the addition of a methanol synthesis unit 37 to the system 10.
- the methanol synthesis unit 37 is connected to the electrolysis unit 11 or an intermediate hydrogen store by a hydrogen transport device and connected to the carbon dioxide sorption unit 12 by a carbon transport means.
- the methanol synthesis unit 37 synthesizes methanol from the supplied hydrogen and carbon, which can be removed from the plant 10 via a methanol outlet 38 .
- the methanol can be delivered to decentralized methanol delivery points, in particular by means of a fuel distribution system, which can include ships, in particular tankers, tanker freight trains and/or tanker trucks be distributed worldwide.
- the methanol delivery points can be petrol stations at which the methanol is made available for fueling motor vehicles, aircraft, ships or locomotives.
- Appropriate control of the process in plant 10 can be used to set what proportion of the carbon sorbed in the carbon dioxide sorption unit is used for the production of the liquid fuel methanol or for the production of graphite for storage in a carbon store. Initially, a ratio of 20% graphite and 80% methanol will probably be appropriate, with the proportion of methanol gradually being reduced and the proportion of graphite being increased when the demand for methanol production falls, in particular as a result of the construction of further plants 10 .
- the systems illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 additionally include the carbonation unit 34, which is preferably a Bosch reaction unit.
- a reactor building can be provided in which a reactor, preferably a fluidized bed reactor, is arranged, it being possible for a Bosch reaction to take place in the reactor.
- the carbonation unit 34 is preferably integrally integrated into the system 10, but can also be designed as a separate ancillary system.
- the carbonization unit 34 has a carbon outlet 36 which, in the illustrated exemplary embodiments, is formed by the water return line 28 or opens into it.
- the amount of water M H 2 O that is required for the electrolysis and is taken from the water reservoir 26 is not completely split into hydrogen and oxygen in the system 10 .
- the graphite produced in the carbonization unit 34 is preferably also conducted into the water reservoir 26, which is preferably the sea.
- a cone of inert graphite forms on the seabed, which can also be used as a reef and thus promotes biodiversity in the sea.
- FIG. 3 shows a plant 10 that is essentially intended for the transitional phase in which the production of a climate-neutral liquid fuel has priority.
- the system 10 according to FIG. 3 essentially corresponds to the system 10 according to FIG Carbonation unit 34. However, this can be retrofitted later.
- the system 10 according to FIG. 3 is used exclusively to produce a liquid fuel, in particular methanol.
- the carbon dioxide cannot only be removed from the air via the carbon dioxide sorption unit. Rather, it is also possible for the system 10 to have a carbon dioxide extraction unit which is connected to the water supply line 13 and extracts carbon dioxide from the amount of water M H 2 O that has been removed.
- the carbon dioxide extraction unit can be provided as an alternative to the carbon dioxide sorption unit 12 . However, it is preferred if the carbon dioxide extraction unit is provided in addition to the carbon dioxide sorption unit 12 .
- a quantity of water M H 2 O is taken up through the water supply line 13 by means of the electrolysis unit 11 for the production of oxygen.
- the absorbed quantity of water M H 2 O is then broken down into an oxygen subset M02 and a hydrogen subset by an electrolysis process.
- the hydrogen subset is made available by at least one hydrogen transport device to a carbonization unit 34 for further processing, with the carbonization unit 34 carrying out a Bosch reaction in the present exemplary embodiment.
- ambient air UL of an external atmosphere surrounding the system 10 is cleaned by the carbon dioxide sorption unit 12 .
- the ambient air UL is introduced, in particular drawn in, through a plurality of air inlets 14 into the flow channels 21 and fed to the downstream sorber devices 15 .
- the sorber devices 15 then extract a quantity of carbon dioxide from the supplied ambient air UL.
- the amount of carbon dioxide is supplied to the Bosch reaction by the carbon dioxide transport device.
- the hydrogen partial amount is also converted together with the carbon dioxide amount into water, carbon or graphite and heat by means of the Bosch reaction, which is explained in more detail below with reference to the flow chart according to FIG. 4 .
- the method described here, in particular that shown in FIG. 4, is preferably carried out in one of the plants according to FIGS.
- seawater is desalinated and the desalinated seawater is then split into hydrogen and oxygen using electrolysis.
- the oxygen O2 is released into the surrounding air, in particular into the atmosphere, so that the proportion of oxygen in the vicinity of the plant is increased.
- carbon dioxide CO2 is collected from the ambient air UL, in particular the atmosphere, by means of carbon dioxide sorption.
- the carbon dioxide removed from the ambient air UL or the amount of carbon dioxide is conducted to the carbonization unit 34 in the same way as the electrolytically generated hydrogen or the partial amount of hydrogen.
- a Bosch reaction carried out using a catalyst such as iron, cobalt, nickel and/or ruthenium produces 1 part pure carbon (graphite) and 2 parts water.
- the water is preferably returned to the electrolysis in order to reduce the consumption of seawater and the associated effort for its desalination.
- the carbon or graphite can then on the
- Carbon transport device 35 are supplied to a carbon storage.
- the carbon store can be, for example, the water reservoir 26 or the sea. Since the graphite produced in the Bosch reaction has little or no impurities and is solidified like rock, there are no concerns about dumping the graphite in the sea.
- the Bosch reaction preferably takes place at temperatures between 530° C. and 730° C. and particularly preferably in a fluidized bed reactor.
- iron granules in particular can be used as a catalyst.
- the Bosch reaction produces heat as a product. This heat is used efficiently for carbon dioxide sorption.
- the heat can act as an energy source for carbon dioxide sorption, for example to promote natural ventilation in the chimneys 19 .
- the energy required for the electrolysis, the carbon dioxide sorption and the Bosch reaction comes from regenerative energy sources, specifically the photovoltaic unit 24, so that no additional production of carbon dioxide takes place here.
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AU2022227105A AU2022227105A1 (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2022-01-13 | Plant and process for reduction of the carbon dioxide content of atmospheric air |
CN202280017409.7A CN116940404A (zh) | 2021-02-26 | 2022-01-13 | 用于降低大气中二氧化碳含量的设备和方法 |
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US20080245660A1 (en) * | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-09 | New Sky Energy, Inc. | Renewable energy system for hydrogen production and carbon dioxide capture |
WO2010120581A1 (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2010-10-21 | Noyes Dallas B | Method for producing solid carbon by reducing carbon oxides |
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US20080245660A1 (en) * | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-09 | New Sky Energy, Inc. | Renewable energy system for hydrogen production and carbon dioxide capture |
WO2010120581A1 (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2010-10-21 | Noyes Dallas B | Method for producing solid carbon by reducing carbon oxides |
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KENNEL ELLIOT B ET AL: "Carbon Dioxide Utilization for Plasma Nanosynthesis of Carbon", 21 April 2020 (2020-04-21), XP055905336, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1615509> [retrieved on 20220325], DOI: 10.2172/1615509 * |
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