WO2022178839A1 - 一种能源***及充放电控制方法 - Google Patents

一种能源***及充放电控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022178839A1
WO2022178839A1 PCT/CN2021/078181 CN2021078181W WO2022178839A1 WO 2022178839 A1 WO2022178839 A1 WO 2022178839A1 CN 2021078181 W CN2021078181 W CN 2021078181W WO 2022178839 A1 WO2022178839 A1 WO 2022178839A1
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Prior art keywords
power
charging
energy storage
battery
storage battery
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PCT/CN2021/078181
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李琳
徐志武
周贺
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华为数字能源技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为数字能源技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority to CN202180004189.XA priority Critical patent/CN115885446A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/078181 priority patent/WO2022178839A1/zh
Priority to EP21927275.4A priority patent/EP4297232A4/en
Publication of WO2022178839A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022178839A1/zh
Priority to US18/455,149 priority patent/US20230402863A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H02J7/0049—Detection of fully charged condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of energy technology, and in particular, to an energy system and a charge-discharge control method.
  • photovoltaic systems that can convert light energy (such as solar energy) into electrical energy have also become one of the important research directions in the field of new energy.
  • Most of the current photovoltaic systems use a DC-coupled photovoltaic storage architecture, which mainly includes photovoltaic panels, energy storage batteries and photovoltaic inverters.
  • the input end of the photovoltaic inverter is respectively connected with the photovoltaic panel and the energy storage battery, and the output end of the photovoltaic inverter is connected with the AC grid.
  • Photovoltaic panels can convert light energy into DC power, and energy storage batteries can store excess DC power generated by photovoltaic panels when the output power of photovoltaic panels is too large. Energy storage batteries can also be released when the output power of photovoltaic panels is too low. DC power to make up for the lack of output power of photovoltaic panels.
  • the photovoltaic inverter can receive the DC power output by the photovoltaic panel and/or the energy storage battery, convert the received DC power into AC power, and then merge the AC power into the AC power grid, which is to achieve " connected to the grid”.
  • the power of the DC power received by the photovoltaic inverter can be adjusted by controlling the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery, it also exposes the energy storage battery to the risk of over-discharge (over-discharge) or over-charge (over-charge).
  • over-discharge over-discharge
  • over-charge over-charge
  • the power in the energy storage battery may be too low, thereby damaging the energy storage battery, so that the energy storage battery cannot be recharged.
  • the battery is overcharged, it may cause irreversible polarization of the electrolyte in the energy storage battery, thereby shortening the battery life.
  • the present application provides an energy system and a charge-discharge control method.
  • the energy system mainly includes a charge-discharge control device and an energy storage battery.
  • the charge-discharge control device can execute the charge-discharge control method provided by the present application, which is beneficial to prevent overcharge and over-discharge of the energy storage battery.
  • the present application provides an energy system, which mainly includes an energy storage battery and a charge and discharge control device, and the charge and discharge control device is connected to the energy storage battery, wherein the charge and discharge control device can obtain the battery power of the energy storage battery, and Get the charging current of the energy storage battery or the discharging current of the energy storage battery.
  • the charge and discharge control device can control the energy storage battery to stop charging and discharging.
  • the charge and discharge control device can also control the energy storage battery to stop charging and discharging.
  • the discharge power threshold can be understood as the minimum value that the battery power can reach. If the battery power is less than the discharge power threshold, there is a risk of over-discharge of the energy storage battery. Therefore, when the battery power is not greater than the discharge power threshold, the energy storage battery cannot continue to discharge.
  • the charging current threshold may be a threshold determined according to the identification accuracy of the charging and discharging control device.
  • the charging and discharging control device may not be able to accurately identify the change of the charging current, and the energy storage battery may enter into a small state. Current discharge state.
  • the battery power is not greater than the discharge power threshold, the energy storage battery may be discharged with a small current, which may cause the energy storage battery to be overdischarged. Therefore, when the battery power is not greater than the discharge power threshold and the charging current of the energy storage battery is less than the charging current threshold, the charge and discharge control device can control the energy storage battery to stop charging and discharging.
  • the charging power threshold can be understood as the maximum value that the battery power can reach. If the battery power is greater than the charging power threshold, the energy storage battery is at risk of overcharging. Therefore, when the battery power is not less than the discharge power threshold, the energy storage battery cannot continue to be charged.
  • the charge-discharge control device controls the energy storage battery not to discharge either.
  • the discharge current threshold may be a threshold determined according to the identification accuracy of the charge and discharge control device.
  • the charge and discharge control device may not be able to accurately identify the change of the discharge current, and the energy storage battery may enter a small Current state of charge. Under the condition that the battery power is not less than the charging power threshold, the energy storage battery may be overcharged when the energy storage battery is charged with a small current. Therefore, when the battery power is not less than the discharge power threshold, and the discharge current of the energy storage battery is less than the discharge current threshold, the charge and discharge control device can control the energy storage battery to stop charging and discharging.
  • the charging and discharging control device can In the segment, when the battery power is continuously not greater than the discharge power threshold, and the charging current of the energy storage battery is continuously less than the charging current threshold, the energy storage battery is controlled to stop charging and discharging. In this case, if the battery power is not greater than the discharge power threshold due to short-term interference factors, and the charging current of the energy storage battery is less than the charging current threshold, the charge and discharge control device may not control the energy storage battery to stop charging and discharging.
  • the charge-discharge control device may, within the fourth time period, when the battery power is not less than the charging power threshold continuously, and the discharge current of the energy storage battery is continuously less than the discharge current threshold, control the battery.
  • the energy storage battery stops charging and discharging.
  • the charge and discharge control device may not control the energy storage battery to stop charging and discharging.
  • the charge and discharge control device may use a physical quantity related to the battery power to characterize the battery power.
  • the battery power of the energy storage battery can be characterized by the state of charge SOC of the energy storage battery.
  • the charge and discharge control device may acquire the state of charge SOC of the energy storage battery, wherein, when the SOC is not greater than the first SOC threshold, the SOC may indicate that the battery power is not greater than the discharge power threshold, and when the SOC is not less than the second SOC threshold , the SOC may indicate that the battery level is not less than the charging level threshold.
  • the SOC of the energy storage battery can be understood as the ratio of the battery power of the energy storage battery to the battery power when it is fully charged, usually expressed as a percentage.
  • the charge-discharge control device can calculate the SOC of the energy storage battery according to the released electric energy and/or the charged electric energy of the energy storage battery, and then can determine the distance between the battery capacity of the energy storage battery and the charging capacity threshold and the discharging capacity threshold according to the SOC relative size relationship.
  • the battery power of the energy storage battery can be characterized by the battery voltage of the energy storage battery.
  • the charge-discharge control device may acquire the battery voltage of the energy storage battery, wherein, when the battery voltage is not greater than the first battery voltage threshold, the battery voltage may indicate that the battery power is not greater than the discharge power threshold, and when the battery voltage is not less than the second battery voltage threshold When the battery voltage threshold is used, the battery voltage is used to make the battery capacity not less than the charging capacity threshold.
  • the battery voltage of the energy storage battery gradually increases.
  • the battery voltage of the energy storage battery gradually decreases. Therefore, the battery power of the energy storage battery can also be characterized by the battery voltage of the energy storage battery.
  • the charging control device can determine the relative magnitude relationship between the battery capacity of the energy storage battery and the charging capacity threshold and the discharging capacity threshold according to the battery voltage of the energy storage battery.
  • the charging and discharging control device in the present application can also control the charging of the energy storage battery when the energy storage battery can be safely charged.
  • the charging and discharging control device may also use the charging electric energy to control the charging of the energy storage battery when the battery power is not greater than the discharging electric power threshold, and the power of the charging electric energy received by the charging and discharging control device is not less than the charging power threshold.
  • the charging power threshold is greater than or equal to the product between the first battery voltage threshold and the charging current threshold.
  • the first voltage threshold may be the minimum voltage that can be reached during the discharge process of the energy storage battery, that is, the battery voltage of the energy storage battery when the battery capacity of the energy storage battery is less than or equal to the discharge capacity threshold. Since the charging power threshold is greater than or equal to the product between the first battery voltage threshold and the charging current threshold, and the battery voltage is the first battery voltage threshold, when the battery power of the energy storage battery is less than or equal to the discharging power threshold, the charging power The charging power of the threshold value charges the energy storage battery, which is beneficial to ensure that the charging current is greater than or equal to the charging current threshold.
  • the charging/discharging control device may also use the charging electrical energy to control the storage battery during the second time period, when the battery power is continuously not greater than the discharging power threshold value, and the charging electrical energy power received by the charging and discharging control device is continuously not less than the charging power threshold value. Can charge the battery.
  • the specific implementation manner of the charging power threshold is the same as that described above, which will not be repeated here.
  • the AC power received by the charging and discharging control device in this application has many possible implementations, specifically:
  • the charging and discharging control device may be connected to an AC power grid, and the charging electric energy received by the charging and discharging control device may include the alternating current power received by the charging and discharging control device from the AC power grid.
  • the charge and discharge control device may be a photovoltaic inverter.
  • the charging and discharging control device can perform AC-DC conversion on the received charging power to obtain DC charging power.
  • the charging and discharging control device can then output the converted DC charging electric energy to the energy storage battery, so as to charge the energy storage battery.
  • Example 2 when the energy system is used as a photovoltaic system, the energy system further includes a photovoltaic panel, the photovoltaic panel is connected to the charge and discharge control device, and the photovoltaic panel can convert the received light energy into DC photovoltaic power.
  • the charge and discharge control device may be a photovoltaic inverter.
  • the charge and discharge control device may perform DC-AC conversion on a part of the photovoltaic power output by the photovoltaic panel, and convert the converted The AC power is output to the AC grid, and another part of the photovoltaic power output by the photovoltaic panel is output to the energy storage battery as charging power.
  • Example 3 when the energy system is used as a photovoltaic system, the energy system also includes a photovoltaic panel, which can convert the received light energy into DC photovoltaic power, and the charging power can include part or all of the photovoltaic power output by the photovoltaic panel.
  • the energy system may further include a photovoltaic inverter.
  • the photovoltaic inverter When charging the energy storage battery, the photovoltaic inverter may convert the AC power received from the AC grid into the DC grid power, and the charging power may include the grid power.
  • the charging power received by the charging and discharging control device may include only part or all of the photovoltaic power output by the photovoltaic panel, or only the DC grid power output by the photovoltaic inverter, and may also include both the output of the photovoltaic panel. Part or all of the photovoltaic power, including the DC grid power output by the photovoltaic inverter.
  • the charging and discharging control device can be used as a DC-DC converter connected with the energy storage battery, and the charging and discharging control device can perform DC-DC conversion on the charging electric energy, so that the voltage of the converted charging electric energy is adapted to the energy storage battery.
  • the charging and discharging control device outputs the converted charging electric energy to the energy storage battery to charge the energy storage battery.
  • the charge and discharge control device in the present application can also control the discharge of the energy storage battery when the energy storage battery can be safely discharged.
  • the charging and discharging control device may also control the discharge of the energy storage battery when the battery power is not less than the charging power threshold and the power of the battery power is not less than the discharging power threshold.
  • the discharge power threshold is greater than or equal to the product between the second battery voltage threshold and the discharge current threshold.
  • the second voltage threshold may be the maximum voltage that can be reached during the charging process of the energy storage battery, that is, the battery voltage of the energy storage battery when the battery capacity of the energy storage battery is greater than or equal to the charging capacity threshold. Since the discharge power threshold is greater than or equal to the product between the second battery voltage threshold and the discharge current threshold, and the battery voltage is the second battery voltage threshold, when the battery capacity of the energy storage battery is greater than or equal to the charging capacity threshold, the discharge power The discharge power of the threshold value controls the discharge of the energy storage battery, which is beneficial to ensure that the discharge current is greater than or equal to the discharge current threshold.
  • the charge-discharge control device may further control the discharge of the energy storage battery during the third time period when the battery power is not less than the charging power threshold and the battery power is not less than the discharge power threshold.
  • the specific implementation manner of the discharge power threshold is the same as that described above, which will not be repeated here.
  • the charge and discharge control device can further convert the received battery electrical energy. Specifically:
  • the charge and discharge control device can also be connected to an AC power grid, and the charge and discharge control device can perform DC-AC conversion on the received battery power to obtain AC power; the charge and discharge control device further outputs the AC power to the AC power grid.
  • the charge and discharge control device may be a photovoltaic inverter.
  • Example 2 when the energy system is used as a photovoltaic system, the energy system further includes a photovoltaic panel, the photovoltaic panel is connected to the charge and discharge control device, and the photovoltaic panel can convert the received light energy into DC photovoltaic power.
  • the charge and discharge control device may be a photovoltaic inverter, and the charge and discharge control device may control the discharge of the energy storage battery when the power of the photovoltaic power is less than the target power of the AC grid, wherein the power of the battery power is equal to the target power minus the target power The difference in the power of photovoltaic energy.
  • Example 3 when the energy system is used as a photovoltaic system, the energy system further includes a photovoltaic panel and a photovoltaic inverter, and the photovoltaic inverter is respectively connected with the photovoltaic panel and the charge and discharge control device.
  • the photovoltaic panel can convert the received light energy into direct current photovoltaic power.
  • the charge and discharge control device can be used as a DC-DC converter connected to the energy storage battery, and the charge and discharge control device can perform DC-DC conversion on the received battery power when the power of the photovoltaic power is less than the target power of the AC grid, so that the The converted battery power is adapted to the photovoltaic inverter, and the power of the battery power is equal to the difference between the target power minus the power of the photovoltaic power.
  • the photovoltaic inverter can perform DC-AC conversion on the received photovoltaic power and/or battery power, and output the converted AC power to the AC grid.
  • the present application provides a charge-discharge control method, which can be applied to the charge-discharge control device in the above-mentioned energy system.
  • a charge-discharge control method which can be applied to the charge-discharge control device in the above-mentioned energy system.
  • the charge and discharge control method provided by the present application mainly includes: the charge and discharge control device obtains the battery power of the energy storage battery, and obtains the charging current of the energy storage battery or the discharge current of the energy storage battery; When the charging current of the energy storage battery is less than the charging current threshold, the charging and discharging control device controls the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery to stop charging and discharging; when the battery capacity is not less than the charging capacity threshold, and the discharging current of the energy storage battery is less than the discharging current threshold , the charge and discharge control device controls the energy storage battery to stop charging and discharging.
  • the charging and discharging control device can In the segment, when the battery power is continuously not greater than the discharge power threshold, and the charging current of the energy storage battery is continuously less than the charging current threshold, the energy storage battery is controlled to stop charging and discharging. In this case, if the battery power is not greater than the discharge power threshold due to short-term interference factors, and the charging current of the energy storage battery is less than the charging current threshold, the charge and discharge control device may not control the energy storage battery to stop charging and discharging.
  • the charge-discharge control device may, within the fourth time period, when the battery power is not less than the charging power threshold continuously, and the discharge current of the energy storage battery is continuously less than the discharge current threshold, control the battery.
  • the energy storage battery stops charging and discharging.
  • the charge and discharge control device may not control the energy storage battery to stop charging and discharging.
  • the charge and discharge control device may use a physical quantity related to the battery power to characterize the battery power.
  • the battery power of the energy storage battery can be characterized by the state of charge SOC of the energy storage battery.
  • the charge and discharge control device may acquire the state of charge SOC of the energy storage battery, wherein, when the SOC is not greater than the first SOC threshold, the SOC may indicate that the battery power is not greater than the discharge power threshold, and when the SOC is not less than the second SOC threshold , the SOC may indicate that the battery level is not less than the charging level threshold.
  • the battery power of the energy storage battery can be characterized by the battery voltage of the energy storage battery.
  • the charge-discharge control device may acquire the battery voltage of the energy storage battery, wherein, when the battery voltage is not greater than the first battery voltage threshold, the battery voltage may indicate that the battery power is not greater than the discharge power threshold, and when the battery voltage is not less than the second battery voltage threshold When the battery voltage threshold is used, the battery voltage is used to make the battery capacity not less than the charging capacity threshold.
  • the charging and discharging control device in the present application can also control the charging of the energy storage battery when the energy storage battery can be safely charged.
  • the charging and discharging control device may also use the charging electric energy to control the charging of the energy storage battery when the battery power is not greater than the discharging electric power threshold, and the power of the charging electric energy received by the charging and discharging control device is not less than the charging power threshold.
  • the charging/discharging control device may also use the charging electrical energy to control the storage battery during the second time period, when the battery power is continuously not greater than the discharging power threshold value, and the charging electrical energy power received by the charging and discharging control device is continuously not less than the charging power threshold value. Can charge the battery.
  • the charge and discharge control device in the present application can also control the discharge of the energy storage battery when the energy storage battery can be safely discharged.
  • the charging and discharging control device may also control the discharge of the energy storage battery when the battery power is not less than the charging power threshold and the power of the battery power is not less than the discharging power threshold.
  • the charge-discharge control device may further control the discharge of the energy storage battery during the third time period when the battery power is not less than the charging power threshold and the battery power is not less than the discharge power threshold.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another photovoltaic system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a charging and discharging control method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a charging and discharging control method for preventing overcharge provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a charging and discharging control method for preventing overdischarge provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a specific charging and discharging control method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of determining a current value of a discharge current or a charging current according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the energy system may include an energy storage battery and a charge and discharge control device.
  • the charging and discharging control device is connected with the energy storage battery, and can control the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery, thereby adjusting the overall output power of the energy system.
  • the energy system may be a photovoltaic system, a hydroelectric power generation system, a wind power generation system, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application take a photovoltaic system as an example for description below.
  • Photovoltaic system is an energy system that can use light energy (solar energy) to generate electricity.
  • the current photovoltaic system mostly adopts DC-coupled light storage architecture, which mainly includes photovoltaic panels, energy storage batteries and photovoltaic inverters.
  • the photovoltaic system can be a single-stage form or a multi-stage form. in:
  • the photovoltaic system 10 mainly includes an energy storage battery 11 , a photovoltaic inverter 12 and a photovoltaic panel 13 .
  • the first end of the photovoltaic inverter 12 is connected to the energy storage battery 11 and the photovoltaic panel 13 respectively, and the second end of the photovoltaic inverter 12 is connected to the AC grid 20 .
  • the photovoltaic panel 13 can convert absorbed light energy (solar energy) into photovoltaic electrical energy, which is typically direct current electrical energy. It can be understood that since the light intensity of the photovoltaic panel 13 is not stable, the output power of the photovoltaic panel 13 also changes dynamically.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 12 can control the charging or discharging of the energy storage battery 11 according to the power demand of the AC grid 20 . That is to say, in the photovoltaic system 10 shown in FIG. 2 , the photovoltaic inverter 12 can be used as a charge-discharge control device for controlling the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the photovoltaic inverter 12 when charging the energy storage battery 11, if the output power of the photovoltaic panel 13 is relatively large, the photovoltaic inverter 12 can perform DC-AC conversion on part of the photovoltaic power output by the photovoltaic panel 13, and convert the obtained AC The electrical energy is output to the AC grid 20, that is, "grid-connected" is realized.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 12 supplies another part of the photovoltaic power output by the photovoltaic panel 13 to the energy storage battery 11 as charging power, so as to charge the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the target power required by the AC grid 20 is 60W
  • the power of the photovoltaic power output by the photovoltaic panel 13 is 80W
  • the photovoltaic inverter 12 can connect the photovoltaic power of 60W to the grid
  • the photovoltaic power of the remaining 20W can be It is stored in the energy storage battery 11 as charging electrical energy.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 12 may also receive AC power from the AC power grid 20, and perform AC-DC conversion on the AC power to obtain DC power grid power.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 12 outputs the grid power to the energy storage battery 11 to charge the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the photovoltaic inverter 12 can also control the energy storage battery 11 to discharge.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 12 can receive the photovoltaic power output by the photovoltaic panel 13 and the battery power output by the energy storage battery 11 , and the battery power is mostly DC power.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 12 can perform DC-AC conversion on the received DC power, and output the converted AC power to the AC power grid 20 .
  • the photovoltaic inverter 12 can control the energy storage battery 11 to output 20W of battery power, so the photovoltaic inverter 12 The total input power can be maintained at 60W, so that 60W of AC power can be provided for the AC grid 20 .
  • the output power of the photovoltaic panel 13 may also approach 0.
  • the DC power received by the photovoltaic inverter 12 can either come only from the photovoltaic panel 13 , or only from the energy storage battery 11 , and can also include the battery power output by the energy storage battery 11 and the photovoltaic panel 13 . Hybrid electrical energy of the output photovoltaic energy.
  • a photovoltaic system in a multi-level form can be shown in Figure 3.
  • a direct current-direct current (DC-DC) converter 14 is further included between the energy storage battery 11 and the photovoltaic inverter 12 , and the first end of the DC-DC converter 14 is connected to the storage battery 14 .
  • the energy battery 11 is connected, and the second end of the DC-DC converter 14 is connected to the photovoltaic inverter 12 and the photovoltaic panel 13 respectively.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can perform voltage conversion on the battery power output by the energy storage battery 11, and output the converted battery power through the second terminal of the DC-DC converter 14, so that the converted battery power is
  • the voltage of the battery power can be adapted to the photovoltaic inverter 12 .
  • the charging power may include part or all of the photovoltaic power from the photovoltaic panel 13 .
  • part of the photovoltaic power exceeding the target power in the photovoltaic power may be input to the DC-DC converter 14 as charging power .
  • all the photovoltaic power output by the photovoltaic panel 13 can be input to the DC-DC converter 14 as charging power.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 12 can also receive AC power from the AC power grid 20, and obtain DC power grid power after performing AC-DC conversion on the AC power.
  • This grid power may also be input to the DC-DC converter 14 as charging power.
  • the charging power received by the DC-DC converter 14 may include part or all of the photovoltaic power output by the photovoltaic panel 13 , and may also include grid power output by the photovoltaic inverter 12 .
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can perform voltage conversion on the charging power received by the second terminal of the DC-DC converter 14, and output the converted charging power through the first terminal of the DC-DC converter 14, so that the converted charging power is The voltage of the charging electrical energy can be adapted to the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the energy storage battery 11 when the DC-DC converter 14 outputs charging electric energy to the energy storage battery 11, the energy storage battery 11 can be controlled to be charged, and when the DC-DC converter 14 receives the battery energy output by the energy storage battery 11, the energy storage battery 11 can be controlled to be charged. The battery 11 can be discharged.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can be used as a charge and discharge control device for controlling the energy storage battery 11 .
  • a boost (BST) circuit 15 may also be included in some photovoltaic systems 10 .
  • the BST circuit 15 is located between the photovoltaic panel and the photovoltaic inverter 12, wherein the first end of the BST circuit 15 is connected to the photovoltaic panel 13, and the second end of the BST circuit 15 is respectively connected to the DC-DC converter 14 and the photovoltaic inverter 12 connections.
  • the BST circuit 15 is a DC-DC converter, which can perform voltage conversion on the photovoltaic power output from the photovoltaic panel 13 , so that the voltage of the converted photovoltaic power can be adapted to the DC-DC converter 14 and/or the photovoltaic inverter 12 .
  • the energy storage battery 11 can be charged or discharged. However, during the discharging process of the energy storage battery 11, if the power in the energy storage battery 11 is too low, the energy storage battery 11 may be damaged, so that the energy storage battery 11 cannot be recharged. This situation may also be called over-discharge. . During the overcharging of the energy storage battery 11, if the power in the energy storage battery 11 is too high, the electrolyte in the battery may be irreversibly polarized, thereby shortening the battery life. This situation may also be called overcharging. .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a charge and discharge control method, which can be applied to a charge and discharge control device. It should be pointed out that, in the embodiment of the present application, the charge and discharge control device can charge the energy storage battery 11 or receive the battery power output by the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the charge-discharge control device may be the photovoltaic inverter 12 shown in FIG. 2 or the DC-DC converter 14 shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the embodiments of the present application will be described next by taking a scenario in which the charge and discharge control device is the DC-DC converter 14 shown in FIG. 3 as an example. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments are also applicable to the scenario where the charge and discharge control device is the photovoltaic inverter 12 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can execute the charging and discharging control method shown in FIG. 4 , and the method mainly includes the following steps:
  • the charging current received by the energy storage battery 11 can be understood as being output from the positive electrode of the first end of the DC-DC converter 14 to the positive electrode of the energy storage battery 11 , and returning to the DC-DC from the negative electrode of the energy storage battery 11 Current at the negative terminal of the first terminal of the converter 14 .
  • the discharge current of the energy storage battery 11 can be understood as the current output from the positive electrode of the energy storage battery 11 and returned to the negative electrode of the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 is the power stored in the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 may be characterized by a state of charge (state of charge, SOC) of the energy storage battery 11 .
  • SOC state of charge
  • the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 can be understood as the ratio of the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 to the battery power when it is fully charged, and is usually expressed as a percentage.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can calculate the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 according to the released electric energy and/or the charged electric energy of the energy storage battery 11 , and the specific implementation can refer to the prior art, which will not be repeated here.
  • the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 may also be represented by the battery voltage of the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the battery voltage of the energy storage battery 11 gradually increases.
  • the battery voltage of the energy storage battery 11 gradually decreases. Therefore, the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 can also be characterized by the battery voltage of the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific implementation manner in which the DC-DC converter 14 obtains the battery power of the energy storage battery.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 may estimate the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 through the charging power provided for the energy storage battery 11 and the battery power received from the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the energy storage battery 11 may send a power indication message to the DC-DC converter 14 , and the power indication message may indicate the current battery power of the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can obtain the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 based on the power indication message.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 After the DC-DC converter 14 obtains the battery power of the energy storage battery 11, it can further determine the relationship between the battery power and the power threshold.
  • the power threshold includes the charging power threshold and the discharging power threshold. Next, they will be explained respectively:
  • the discharge power threshold can be understood as the minimum value that the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 can reach under the condition of preventing the energy storage battery 11 from being over-discharged. That is to say, when the battery capacity of the energy storage battery 11 is lower than the discharge capacity threshold, the energy storage battery 11 has a risk of over-discharge.
  • the discharge power threshold may also be represented by a first SOC threshold. That is to say, when the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 is not greater than the first SOC threshold, it means that the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 is not greater than the discharge power threshold.
  • the discharge power threshold can also be represented by the first battery voltage threshold. That is to say, when the battery voltage of the energy storage battery 11 is not greater than the first battery voltage threshold, it means that the battery capacity of the energy storage battery 11 is not greater than the discharge capacity threshold.
  • Case 1 The battery power of the energy storage battery 11 is greater than the discharge power threshold.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can control the energy storage battery 11 to discharge.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can control the energy storage battery 11 to discharge when the output power of the photovoltaic panel 13 is small, that is, receive the battery power output by the energy storage battery 11 .
  • Case 2 The battery power of the energy storage battery 11 is not greater than (less than or equal to) the discharge power threshold.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can control the energy storage battery 11 to stop discharging to prevent the energy storage battery 11 from being over-discharged. And, when the output power of the photovoltaic panel 13 is relatively large, the energy storage battery 11 is charged with excess photovoltaic energy.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can also receive grid power provided by the photovoltaic inverter 12 , and use the grid power to charge the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can obtain the charging current output by the energy storage battery 11 to monitor the charging state of the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the output power of the photovoltaic panel 13 may be slightly larger than the power required by the AC grid 20.
  • the energy storage battery 11 will be charged with a small current, that is, The charging current is small.
  • a slight change in the output power of the photovoltaic panel 13 may cause the output power of the photovoltaic panel 13 to be slightly smaller than the power required by the AC grid 20, and the energy storage battery 11 will switch from the charging state to the discharging state of low current discharge.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 may not be able to recognize the discharging current and the charging current of the small current. For example, if the detection error of the DC-DC converter 14 is 0.1A, the DC-DC converter 14 cannot recognize the charging current and the discharging current of 0-0.1A, and thus cannot recognize that the energy storage battery 11 is switched from the charging state to the discharging state. state. When the battery capacity of the energy storage battery 11 is not greater than the discharge capacity threshold, if the energy storage battery 11 continues to discharge with a small discharge current, the energy storage battery 11 may be overdischarged.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can also obtain the charging current of the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific implementation manner in which the DC-DC converter 14 obtains the charging current.
  • a detection circuit is provided in the DC-DC converter 14, and the DC-DC converter 14 can detect the charging current through the detection circuit.
  • the energy storage battery 11 may send a charging current indication message to the DC-DC converter 14, where the charging current indication message may indicate the current value of the charging current.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can obtain the charging current of the energy storage battery 11 based on the power indication message.
  • the charging current threshold may be the minimum value of the charging current that the DC-DC converter 14 can detect. For example, if the detection accuracy of the DC-DC converter 14 is 0.1A, the minimum value of the charging current that can be detected by the DC-DC converter 14 is 0.1A, and the charging current threshold can be set to 0.1A.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific implementation manner of the charging current threshold.
  • the minimum value of the charging current that can be detected by the DC-DC converter 14 is 0.1A, and a margin of 0.05A can be added, that is, the charging current threshold value can be set is 0.15A.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 stops charging and discharging the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the DC-DC converter 14 includes a power conversion circuit, and the power conversion circuit is provided with one or more power switch tubes, and the DC-DC converter 14 controls each power through pulse width modulation (PWM) The switch tube is turned on and off, thereby realizing voltage conversion through the power conversion circuit.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can adjust the transformation ratio by changing the PWM strategy, thereby providing voltage-adapted charging power to the energy storage battery 11 , or providing voltage-adapted battery power to the photovoltaic inverter 12 .
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can stop the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery 11 by PWM blocking.
  • PWM wave blocking means that the power tube of the power conversion circuit is in the off state, and the chopping action is not performed, and the power conversion circuit stops the voltage conversion.
  • the charging power threshold can be understood as the maximum value that the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 can reach under the condition of preventing the energy storage battery 11 from being overcharged. That is to say, when the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 exceeds the charging power threshold, the energy storage battery 11 is at risk of being overcharged.
  • the charging power threshold may also be represented by a second SOC threshold. That is, when the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 is not less than the second SOC threshold, it means that the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 is not less than the charging power threshold.
  • the charging power threshold can also be represented by the second battery voltage threshold. That is, when the battery voltage of the energy storage battery 11 is not less than the second battery voltage threshold, it means that the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 is not less than the charging power threshold.
  • Case 1 The battery power of the energy storage battery 11 is less than the charging power threshold.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can charge the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can provide excess photovoltaic power to the energy storage battery 11 for charging when the output power of the photovoltaic panel 13 is large.
  • Case 2 The battery power of the energy storage battery 11 is not less than (greater than or equal to) the charging power threshold.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 may stop charging the energy storage battery 11 to prevent the energy storage battery 11 from being overcharged. And, when the output power of the photovoltaic panel 13 is small, the energy storage battery 11 is controlled to discharge.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can obtain the discharge current output by the energy storage battery 11 to monitor the discharge state of the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the output power of the photovoltaic panel 13 may be slightly less than the power required by the AC grid 20.
  • the energy storage battery 11 will discharge with a small current, that is, The discharge current is small.
  • a slight change in the output power of the photovoltaic panel 13 may make the output power of the photovoltaic panel 13 slightly larger than the power required by the AC grid 20, and the energy storage battery 11 will switch from the discharge state to the low-current charging state.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 may fail to recognize that the energy storage battery 11 has switched from the discharging state of low current to the charging state of low current.
  • the battery capacity of the energy storage battery 11 is not less than the charging capacity threshold, if the energy storage battery 11 continues to be charged with a small charging current, the energy storage battery 11 may be overcharged.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can also obtain the discharge current of the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the DC-DC converter 14 is provided with a detection circuit, and the DC-DC converter 14 can detect the discharge current through the detection circuit.
  • the energy storage battery 11 may send a discharge current indication message to the DC-DC converter 14, where the discharge current indication message may indicate the magnitude of the discharge current.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can obtain the discharge current of the energy storage battery 11 based on the power indication message.
  • the discharge current threshold may be the minimum value of the discharge current that can be detected by the DC-DC converter 14 .
  • the minimum value of the discharge current that can be detected by the DC-DC converter 14 is 0.1A, and the discharge current threshold can be set to 0.1A.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific implementation of the discharge current threshold.
  • the minimum value of the discharge current that can be detected by the DC-DC converter 14 is 0.1A, and a margin of 0.05A can be added, that is, the discharge current threshold can be set is 0.15A.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 stops charging and discharging of the energy storage battery 11 , that is, PWM blocking.
  • the DC-DC converter can detect the battery power, the charging current and the discharging current of the energy storage battery 11 to stop the energy storage battery 11 when there is a risk of over-discharge or over-charging. 11 is charged and discharged, thereby helping to protect the energy storage battery 11.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 may perform the following steps as shown in FIG. 5 :
  • the DC-DC converter 14 determines whether it is currently in a situation that "the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 is not greater than the first SOC threshold, and the charging current is less than the charging current threshold". If so, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S603. If not, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S604.
  • S504 The DC-DC converter 14 determines whether it is currently in a situation that "the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 is not less than the second SOC threshold, and the discharge current is less than the discharge current threshold". If so, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S603. If not, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S605.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a charging and discharging control method provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 6, it mainly includes the following steps:
  • S602 The DC-DC converter 14 determines whether it is currently in a PWM blocking state. If yes, it means that the energy storage battery 11 is neither charged nor discharged, and the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S611. If not, it means that the energy storage battery 11 can be charged and/or discharged now, and the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S603.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 determines whether it is currently in a situation that "the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 is not greater than the first SOC threshold, and the charging current is less than the charging current threshold". If yes, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S604. If not, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S609.
  • S604 When it is determined that the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 is not greater than the first SOC threshold and the charging current is less than the charging current threshold, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to determine whether timing is currently being performed. If yes, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S605. If not, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S606.
  • S605 The DC-DC converter 14 starts timing the first time period, and returns to continue to execute S603.
  • S606 The DC-DC converter 14 determines whether the current timing time has reached the first time period. If so, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S607. If not, the DC-DC converter 14 returns to continue to execute S603.
  • DC-DC converter 14PWM wave blocking That is, the DC-DC converter 14 controls the energy storage battery 11 to stop charging and discharging.
  • the delay of the first time period may also be set for the PWM wave blocking operation. That is, when the energy storage battery 11 continues to satisfy “the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 is not greater than the first SOC threshold, and the charging current is less than the charging current threshold” within the first time period, the DC-DC converter 14 will control the energy storage battery 11 again. Stop charging and discharging. With this implementation, it is possible to prevent the DC-DC converter 14 from frequently changing the PWM strategy due to disturbance factors such as system energy fluctuations and detection errors.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 is reset to zero for the first time segment timing. In this case, if the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 is not greater than the first SOC threshold and the charging current is greater than the charging current threshold, the DC-DC converter 14 can only control the charging of the energy storage battery 11 and cannot control the discharging of the energy storage battery 11 . If the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 is less than the first SOC threshold, the DC-DC converter 14 can control the energy storage battery 11 to charge or discharge the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can also automatically control the charging of the energy storage battery 11 when the energy storage battery 11 can be safely charged. Specifically, as shown in S602 in FIG. 6 , when the DC-DC converter 14 determines whether it is currently in the PWM blocking state, continue to perform S611 : determine whether the power of the charging electrical energy is not less than the charging power threshold.
  • the charging power threshold is greater than or equal to the product of the first battery voltage threshold and the charging current threshold.
  • the battery voltage of the energy storage battery 11 when the battery voltage of the energy storage battery 11 is less than or equal to the first battery voltage threshold, it means that the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 is less than or equal to the discharge capacity threshold, and the energy storage battery 11 will stop discharging. That is, when the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 is less than or equal to the discharge power threshold, the battery voltage of the energy storage battery 11 may reach the first battery voltage threshold.
  • the charging power threshold is greater than or equal to the product between the first battery voltage threshold and the charging current threshold, and the battery voltage is the first battery voltage threshold, when the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 is less than or equal to the discharge power threshold, the battery is charged
  • the charging power of the power threshold value charges the energy storage battery 11, which is beneficial to ensure that the charging current is greater than or equal to the charging current threshold value.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 may determine the power of the charging electrical energy that can be received by the second end of the DC-DC converter 14 through communication interaction with the photovoltaic inverter 12 .
  • the photovoltaic inverter 12 may send a first power indication message to the energy storage battery 11, and the second end of the DC-DC converter 14 may be indicated by the first power indication message through the first power indication message.
  • the power of the charging electric energy that can be received that is, the difference value of the photovoltaic electric energy output by the photovoltaic panel 13 minus the electric energy required by the AC grid 20 .
  • the photovoltaic inverter 12 when the photovoltaic inverter 12 provides charging power for the DC-DC converter 14, the photovoltaic inverter 12 can send a second power indication message to the energy storage battery 11, and the DC-DC is indicated by the second power indication message.
  • the power of the charging electrical energy that can be received by the second end of the converter 14 is the power of the charging electrical energy output by the photovoltaic inverter 12 .
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can enable PWM.
  • the so-called enabling PWM can be understood as controlling the power conversion circuit to perform voltage conversion through PWM.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 may continue to detect the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 during the execution of S611. If the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 is greater than the first SOC threshold, the DC-DC converter 14 may enable PWM.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 may also determine the power of the charging electrical energy at the second time When the period is not less than the charging power threshold, the PWM is enabled again.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 continues to perform S612 . Otherwise, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to perform S616.
  • S612 Determine whether the second time period is currently being counted. If yes, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S612. If not, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S614.
  • S614 Determine whether the timing reaches the second time period. If yes, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S615. If not, the DC-DC converter 14 returns to S611.
  • S616 If the power of the charging electrical energy is less than the charging power threshold, determine whether the second time period is currently being counted. If so, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S617. Otherwise, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S608.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a charging and discharging control method according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 7, it mainly includes the following steps:
  • S702 The DC-DC converter 14 determines whether it is currently in a PWM blocking state. If yes, it means that the energy storage battery 11 is neither charged nor discharged, and the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S711. If not, it means that the energy storage battery 11 can be charged and/or discharged now, and the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S703.
  • S703 The DC-DC converter 14 determines whether it is currently in a situation where "the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 is not less than the second SOC threshold, and the discharge current is less than the discharge current threshold". If yes, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S704. If not, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S709.
  • S704 When it is determined that the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 is not less than the second SOC threshold and the discharge current is less than the discharge current threshold, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to determine whether the clock is currently being counted. If yes, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S705. If not, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S706.
  • S705 The DC-DC converter 14 starts timing the fourth time period, and returns to continue to execute S703.
  • S706 The DC-DC converter 14 determines whether the current timing time has reached the fourth time period. If yes, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S707. If not, the DC-DC converter 14 returns to continue to execute S703.
  • S707 DC-DC converter 14PWM wave blocking. That is, the DC-DC converter 14 controls the energy storage battery 11 to stop charging and discharging.
  • a delay of the fourth time period may also be set for the PWM wave blocking operation. That is, when the energy storage battery 11 continues to satisfy “the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 is not less than the second SOC threshold, and the discharge current is less than the discharge current threshold” within the fourth time period, the DC-DC converter 14 controls the energy storage battery 11 again. Stop charging and discharging. With this implementation, it is possible to prevent the DC-DC converter 14 from frequently changing the PWM strategy due to disturbance factors such as system energy fluctuations and detection errors.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 In the first time period, if the energy storage battery 11 no longer satisfies “the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 is not less than the second SOC threshold, and the discharge current is less than the discharge current threshold”, the DC-DC converter 14 is reset to zero for the fourth time segment timing. In this case, if the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 is not less than the first SOC threshold and the discharge current is greater than the discharge current threshold, the DC-DC converter 14 can only control the energy storage battery 11 to discharge, but cannot control the energy storage battery 11 to charge . If the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 is less than the second SOC threshold, the DC-DC converter 14 can control the energy storage battery 11 to charge or discharge the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can also automatically control the energy storage battery 11 to discharge when the energy storage battery 11 can be safely discharged. Specifically, as shown in S702 in FIG. 7 , when the DC-DC converter 14 determines whether it is currently in the PWM blocking state, continue to perform S711 : determine whether the power of the battery electrical energy is not less than the discharge power threshold.
  • the discharge power threshold is greater than or equal to the product between the second battery voltage threshold and the discharge current threshold.
  • the battery voltage of the energy storage battery 11 when the battery voltage of the energy storage battery 11 is greater than or equal to the second battery voltage threshold, it means that the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 is greater than or equal to the charging capacity threshold, and the energy storage battery 11 will stop charging. That is, when the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 is greater than or equal to the charging power threshold, the battery voltage of the energy storage battery 11 may reach the second battery voltage threshold.
  • the discharge power threshold is greater than or equal to the product between the first battery voltage threshold and the charging current threshold, and the battery voltage is the second battery voltage threshold, when the battery power of the energy storage battery 11 is greater than or equal to the charging power threshold, the energy storage The battery is discharged with the discharge electric power of the discharge electric power threshold value, which is beneficial to ensure that the discharge current is greater than or equal to the discharge current threshold value.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 may determine the power of the battery electrical energy that the energy storage battery 11 needs to output by communicating with the photovoltaic inverter 12. For example, when the photovoltaic power output by the photovoltaic panel 13 is small, the photovoltaic inverter 12 may send a third power indication message to the energy storage battery 11, and the third power indication message indicates the power of the battery electric energy that the energy battery 11 needs to output, That is, the power gap between the photovoltaic power output by the photovoltaic panel 13 and the power required by the AC grid 20 .
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can enable PWM. It should be pointed out that, since the current detection error of the SOC is relatively large, the DC-DC converter 14 may continue to detect the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 during the execution of S711. If the SOC of the energy storage battery 11 is less than the second SOC threshold, the DC-DC converter 14 may enable PWM.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 may also determine the power of the battery power at a third time When the duration of the segment is not less than the discharge power threshold, the PWM is enabled again.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S712 . Otherwise, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to perform S716.
  • S712 Determine whether the third time period is currently being counted. If yes, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S712. If not, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S714.
  • S714 Determine whether the timing reaches the third time period. If yes, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S715. If not, the DC-DC converter 14 returns to S711.
  • S716 If the power of the charging electric energy is less than the charging power threshold, determine whether the third time period is currently being counted. If so, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to execute S717. Otherwise, the DC-DC converter 14 continues to perform S708.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 can acquire current values of the charging current and the discharging current.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 may include a detection circuit, and the current values of the charging current and the discharging current are detected by the detection circuit.
  • the DC-DC converter 14 may acquire the current values of the charging current and the discharging current through communication interaction with the energy storage battery 11 .
  • the DC-DC converter 14 may also multiplex the bus ring circuit to determine the current values of the charging current and the discharging current.
  • the bus ring circuit can adjust the current value of the charging current or the discharging current to keep the bus voltage (ie, the voltage at the second terminal of the DC-DC converter 14 ) stable. Assuming that the current value of the charging current is positive and the current value of the discharging current is negative, the process of adjusting the charging current or the discharging current by the bus loop circuit can be shown in Figure 8:
  • the bus ring circuit obtains the calculated value according to the current bus voltage. When the busbar voltage exceeds the working range of the busbar voltage, the busbar ring circuit will increase the calculated value to reduce the busbar voltage. When the busbar voltage is lower than the working range of the busbar voltage, the busbar ring circuit will reduce the calculated value to increase the busbar voltage.
  • the bus loop circuit determines the charging current limit value according to the current SOC. Generally speaking, the larger the SOC, the smaller the charging current limit value.
  • the charging current limit value can be understood as the maximum value that the charging current can reach.
  • the bus ring circuit further determines the smaller value V1 of the charging current limit value and the calculated value to prevent the charging current from exceeding the above-mentioned charging current limit value.
  • the bus ring circuit determines the discharge current limit value according to the current SOC. Generally speaking, the smaller the SOC, the smaller the discharge current limit value.
  • the discharge current limit value can be understood as the maximum discharge current that the energy storage battery 11 can output. Since the current value of the discharge current is negative, the discharge current limit value can also be understood as the minimum current value that the discharge current can reach.
  • the bus ring circuit further determines a larger value V2 between the discharge current limit value and the smaller value V1 to prevent the absolute value of the current value of the discharge current from exceeding the absolute value of the above-mentioned discharge current limit value.
  • the embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
  • computer-usable storage media including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory result in an article of manufacture comprising instruction means, the instructions
  • the apparatus implements the functions specified in the flow or flow of the flowcharts and/or the block or blocks of the block diagrams.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种能源***及充放电控制方法，该能源***主要包括充放电控制装置和储能电池。在电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，且储能电池的充电电流小于充电电流阈值时，充放电控制装置可以控制储能电池停止充电和放电。在电池电量不小于充电电量阈值，且储能电池的放电电流小于放电电流阈值时，充放电控制装置也可以控制储能电池停止充电和放电。本申请有利于防止储能电池过充和过放。

Description

一种能源***及充放电控制方法 技术领域
本申请涉及能源技术领域，尤其涉及一种能源***及充放电控制方法。
背景技术
随着人们对清洁能源的日益关注，可将光能(如太阳能)转化为电能的光伏***也成为新能源领域的重要研究方向之一。目前的光伏***多采用直流耦合光储架构，其主要包括光伏面板、储能电池和光伏逆变器。
其中，光伏逆变器的输入端分别与光伏面板和储能电池连接，光伏逆变器的输出端与交流电网连接。光伏面板可以将光能转化为直流电能，储能电池可以在光伏面板的输出功率过大时，存储光伏面板产生的多余的直流电能，储能电池也可以在光伏面板的输出功率过低时释放直流电能，以弥补光伏面板的输出功率的不足。也就是说，光伏逆变器可以接收光伏面板和/或储能电池输出的直流电能，并将接收到的直流电能转换为交流电能后，将该交流电能并入交流电网，也就是实现了“并网”。
虽然，通过控制储能电池的充放电可以调节光伏逆变器所接收到的直流电能的功率，但这也使得储能电池面临过放(过度放电)或过充(过度充电)的风险。在储能电池过放时，有可能使储能电池中的电量过低，进而损坏储能电池，使储能电池无法被再次充电。在电池过充时，则有可能使储能电池中的电解液出现不可逆的极化现象，进而缩短电池寿命。
因此，目前对光伏***中电池的充放电控制方法还有待进一步研究，以预防储能电池过放和过充。
发明内容
本申请提供一种能源***及充放电控制方法，该能源***主要包括充放电控制装置和储能电池。该充放电控制装置可以执行本申请所提供的充放电控制方法，有利于预防储能电池过充和过放。
第一方面，本申请提供一种能源***，其主要包括储能电池和充放电控制装置，且充放电控制装置与储能电池连接，其中充放电控制装置可以获取储能电池的电池电量，以及获取储能电池的充电电流或储能电池的放电电流。在电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，且储能电池的充电电流小于充电电流阈值时，充放电控制装置可以控制储能电池停止充电和放电。在电池电量不小于充电电量阈值，且储能电池的放电电流小于放电电流阈值时，充放电控制装置也可以控制储能电池停止充电和放电。
在本申请中，放电电量阈值可以理解为电池电量可以达到的最小值，若电池电量小于放电电量阈值，则储能电池存在过放的风险。因此，在电池电量不大于放电电量阈值时，储能电池不能继续放电。
与此同时，若充电电流小于充电电流阈值，则充放电控制装置控制储能电池也不能充电。其中，充电电流阈值可以是根据充放电控制装置的识别精度确定的阈值，在充电电流小于充电电流阈值时，充放电控制装置有可能无法准确识别该充电电流的变化，储能电池 有可能进入小电流放电状态。在电池电量不大于放电电量阈值的情况下，储能电池进行小电流放电将可能导致储能电池过放。因此，在电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，且储能电池的充电电流小于充电电流阈值时，充放电控制装置可以控制储能电池停止充电和放电。
在本申请中，充电电量阈值可以理解为电池电量可以达到的最大值，若电池电量大于充电电量阈值，则储能电池存在过充的风险。因此，在电池电量不小于放电电量阈值时，储能电池不能继续充电。
与此同时，若放电电流小于放电电流阈值，则充放电控制装置控制储能电池也不能放电。其中，放电电流阈值可以是根据充放电控制装置的识别精度确定的阈值，在放电电流小于放电电流阈值时，充放电控制装置有可能无法准确识别该放电电流的变化，储能电池有可能进入小电流充电状态。在电池电量不小于充电电量阈值的情况下，储能电池进行小电流充电将可能导致储能电池过充。因此，在电池电量不小于放电电量阈值，且储能电池的放电电流小于放电电流阈值时，充放电控制装置可以控制储能电池停止充电和放电。
为了防止因能源***中的能量波动、检测误差等干扰因素，使充放电控制装置频繁更改储能电池的充电和放电状态，在一种可能的实现方式中，充放电控制装置可以在第一时间段内，电池电量持续不大于放电电量阈值，且储能电池的充电电流持续小于充电电流阈值时，控制储能电池停止充电和放电。在此情况下，若由于短时间的干扰因素使电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，且储能电池的充电电流小于充电电流阈值，则充放电控制装置可以不控制储能电池停止充电和放电。
与之类似的，在一种可能的实现方式中，充放电控制装置可以在第四时间段内，电池电量持续不小于充电电量阈值，且储能电池的放电电流持续小于放电电流阈值时，控制储能电池停止充电和放电。在此情况下，若由于短时间的干扰因素使电池电量不小于充电电量阈值，且储能电池的放电电流小于放电电流阈值，则充放电控制装置可以不控制储能电池停止充电和放电。
本申请中，充放电控制装置可以采用与电池电量相关的物理量表征电池电量。在一种可能的实现方式中，可以通过储能电池的荷电状态SOC表征储能电池的电池电量。具体来说，充放电控制装置可以获取储能电池的荷电状态SOC，其中，在SOC不大于第一SOC阈值时，SOC可以指示电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，在SOC不小于第二SOC阈值时，SOC可以指示电池电量不小于充电电量阈值。
储能电池的SOC可以理解为储能电池的电池电量与其完全充满时的电池电量的比值，常用百分数表示。SOC的取值范围为0～1，当SOC＝0时表示储能电池完全放电，当SOC＝1时表示储能电池完全充满。充放电控制装置可以根据储能电池已释放的电能和/或已充入的电能，计算储能电池的SOC，进而可以根据SOC确定储能电池的电池电量与充电电量阈值和放电电量阈值之间的相对大小关系。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，可以通过储能电池的电池电压表征储能电池的电池电量。具体来说，充放电控制装置可以获取储能电池的电池电压，其中，在电池电压不大于第一电池电压阈值时，电池电压可以指示电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，在电池电压不小于第二电电池电压阈值时，电池电压用于可以电池电量不小于充电电量阈值。
在储能电池充电过程中，储能电池的电池电压逐渐升高。在储能电池放电过程中，储能电池的电池电压逐渐降低。因此，还可以通过储能电池的电池电压表征储能电池的电池电量。充电控制装置可以根据储能电池的电池电压确定储能电池的电池电量与充电电量阈 值和放电电量阈值之间的相对大小关系。
需要指出的是，本申请中的充放电控制装置还可以在储能电池可以安全充电的时候，控制储能电池充电。例如，充放电控制装置还可以在电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，且充放电控制装置接收到的充电电能的功率不小于充电功率阈值时，利用充电电能控制储能电池充电。
在本申请中，充电功率阈值大于或等于第一电池电压阈值和充电电流阈值之间的乘积。其中，第一电压阈值可以是储能电池放电过程中可以达到的最小电压，也就是在储能电池的电池电量小于或等于放电电量阈值时，储能电池的电池电压。由于充电功率阈值大于或等于第一电池电压阈值和充电电流阈值之间的乘积，而电池电压为第一电池电压阈值，因此在储能电池的电池电量小于或等于放电电量阈值时，以充电功率阈值大小的充电功率对储能电池充电，有利于确保充电电流大于或等于充电电流阈值。
又例如，充放电控制装置还可以在第二时间段内，电池电量持续不大于放电电量阈值，且充放电控制装置接收到的充电电能的功率持续不小于充电功率阈值时，利用充电电能控制储能电池充电。充电功率阈值的具体实现方式与前述相同，对此不再赘述。通过设置第二时间段，有利于防止因短时间的干扰因素导致充放电控制装置频繁改变储能电池的充电和放电状态。
本申请中充放电控制装置所接收到的交流电能具有多种可能的实现方式，具体来说：
例一，充放电控制装置可以连接交流电网，充放电控制装置接收到的充电电能可以包括充放电控制装置从交流电网接收到的交流电能。示例性的，在能源***为光伏***时，该充放电控制装置可以是光伏逆变器。
充放电控制装置可以对接收到的充电电能进行交流-直流转换，以得到直流的充电电能。充放电控制装置进而可以将转换后的直流的充电电能输出给储能电池，以使储能电池充电。
例二，在能源***作为光伏***时，能源***还包括光伏面板，光伏面板与充放电控制装置连接，光伏面板可以将接收到的光能转化为直流的光伏电能。本申请中，充放电控制装置可以是光伏逆变器，在光伏面板的输出功率较大时，充放电控制装置可以对光伏面板输出的一部分光伏电能进行直流-交流转换，并将转换后得到的交流电能输出给交流电网，将光伏面板输出的另一部分光伏电能作为充电电能输出给储能电池。
例三，在能源***作为光伏***时，能源***还包括光伏面板，光伏面板可以将接收到的光能转化为直流的光伏电能，充电电能可以包括光伏面板输出的部分或全部光伏电能。能源***还可以包括光伏逆变器，在对储能电池充电时，光伏逆变器可以将从交流电网接收到的交流电能转换为直流的电网电能，充电电能可以包括述电网电能。
也就是说，充放电控制装置所接收到的充电电能既可以只包括光伏面板输出的部分或全部光伏电能，也可以只包括光伏逆变器输出的直流的电网电能，还可以既包括光伏面板输出的部分或全部光伏电能，又包括光伏逆变器输出的直流的电网电能。
充放电控制装置可以作为与储能电池连接的DC-DC转换器，充放电控制装置可以对充电电能进行直流-直流转换，以使转换后的充电电能的电压与储能电池适配。充放电控制装置将转换后的充电电能输出给储能电池，以使储能电池充电。
需要指出的是，本申请中的充放电控制装置还可以在储能电池可以安全放电的时候，控制储能电池放电。例如，充放电控制装置还可以在电池电量不小于充电电量阈值，且电池电能的功率不小于放电功率阈值时，控制储能电池放电。
在本申请中，放电功率阈值大于或等于第二电池电压阈值和放电电流阈值之间的乘积。其中，第二电压阈值可以是储能电池充电过程中可以达到的最大电压，也就是说，在储能电池的电池电量大于或等于充电电量阈值时，储能电池的电池电压。由于放电功率阈值大于或等于第二电池电压阈值和放电电流阈值之间的乘积，而电池电压为第二电池电压阈值，因此在储能电池的电池电量大于或等于充电电量阈值时，以放电功率阈值大小的放电功率控制储能电池放电电，有利于确保放电电流大于或等于放电电流阈值。
又例如，充放电控制装置还可以在第三时间段内，电池电量持续不小于充电电量阈值，且电池电能的功率持续不小于放电功率阈值时，控制储能电池放电。放电功率阈值的具体实现方式与前述相同，对此不再赘述。通过设置第三时间段，有利于防止因短时间的干扰因素导致充放电控制装置频繁改变储能电池的充电和放电状态。
本申请中，充放电控制装置可以对接收到的电池电能作进一步的转换。具体来说：
例一，充放电控制装置还可以连接交流电网，充放电控制装置可以对接收到的电池电能进行直流-交流转换，以得到交流电能；充放电控制装置进而将交流电能输出给交流电网。示例性的，在能源***为光伏***时，该充放电控制装置可以是光伏逆变器。
例二，在能源***作为光伏***时，能源***还包括光伏面板，光伏面板与充放电控制装置连接，光伏面板可以将接收到的光能转化为直流的光伏电能。本申请中，充放电控制装置可以是光伏逆变器，充放电控制装置可以在光伏电能的功率小于交流电网的目标功率时，控制储能电池放电，其中，电池电能的功率等于目标功率减去光伏电能的功率的差值。
例三，在能源***作为光伏***时，能源***还包括光伏面板和光伏逆变器，光伏逆变器分别与光伏面板和充放电控制装置连接。其中，光伏面板可以将接收到的光能转化为直流的光伏电能。充放电控制装置可以作为与储能电池连接的DC-DC转换器，充放电控制装置可以在光伏电能的功率小于交流电网的目标功率时，对接收到的电池电能进行直流-直流转换，以使转换后的电池电能与光伏逆变器适配，电池电能的功率等于目标功率减去光伏电能的功率的差值。光伏逆变器，可以对接收到的光伏电能和/或电池电能进行直流-交流转换，并将转换得到的交流电能输出给交流电网。
第二方面，本申请提供一种充放电控制方法，该充电方法可以应用于上述能源***中的充放电控制装置中。第二方面中相应方案的技术效果可以参照第一方面中对应方案可以得到的技术效果，重复之处不予详述。
示例性的，本申请所提供的充放电控制方法主要包括：充放电控制装置获取储能电池的电池电量，以及获取储能电池的充电电流或储能电池的放电电流；在电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，且储能电池的充电电流小于充电电流阈值时，充放电控制装置控制储能电池停止充电和放电；在电池电量不小于充电电量阈值，且储能电池的放电电流小于放电电流阈值时，充放电控制装置控制储能电池停止充电和放电。
为了防止因能源***中的能量波动、检测误差等干扰因素，使充放电控制装置频繁更改储能电池的充电和放电状态，在一种可能的实现方式中，充放电控制装置可以在第一时间段内，电池电量持续不大于放电电量阈值，且储能电池的充电电流持续小于充电电流阈值时，控制储能电池停止充电和放电。在此情况下，若由于短时间的干扰因素使电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，且储能电池的充电电流小于充电电流阈值，则充放电控制装置可以不控制储能电池停止充电和放电。
与之类似的，在一种可能的实现方式中，充放电控制装置可以在第四时间段内，电池电量持续不小于充电电量阈值，且储能电池的放电电流持续小于放电电流阈值时，控制储能电池停止充电和放电。在此情况下，若由于短时间的干扰因素使电池电量不小于充电电量阈值，且储能电池的放电电流小于放电电流阈值，则充放电控制装置可以不控制储能电池停止充电和放电。
本申请中，充放电控制装置可以采用与电池电量相关的物理量表征电池电量。在一种可能的实现方式中，可以通过储能电池的荷电状态SOC表征储能电池的电池电量。具体来说，充放电控制装置可以获取储能电池的荷电状态SOC，其中，在SOC不大于第一SOC阈值时，SOC可以指示电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，在SOC不小于第二SOC阈值时，SOC可以指示电池电量不小于充电电量阈值。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，可以通过储能电池的电池电压表征储能电池的电池电量。具体来说，充放电控制装置可以获取储能电池的电池电压，其中，在电池电压不大于第一电池电压阈值时，电池电压可以指示电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，在电池电压不小于第二电电池电压阈值时，电池电压用于可以电池电量不小于充电电量阈值。
需要指出的是，本申请中的充放电控制装置还可以在储能电池可以安全充电的时候，控制储能电池充电。例如，充放电控制装置还可以在电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，且充放电控制装置接收到的充电电能的功率不小于充电功率阈值时，利用充电电能控制储能电池充电。
又例如，充放电控制装置还可以在第二时间段内，电池电量持续不大于放电电量阈值，且充放电控制装置接收到的充电电能的功率持续不小于充电功率阈值时，利用充电电能控制储能电池充电。
需要指出的是，本申请中的充放电控制装置还可以在储能电池可以安全放电的时候，控制储能电池放电。例如，充放电控制装置还可以在电池电量不小于充电电量阈值，且电池电能的功率不小于放电功率阈值时，控制储能电池放电。
又例如，充放电控制装置还可以在第三时间段内，电池电量持续不小于充电电量阈值，且电池电能的功率持续不小于放电功率阈值时，控制储能电池放电。
本申请的这些方面或其它方面在以下实施例的描述中会更加简明易懂。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种能源***结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种光伏***结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的另一种光伏***结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种充放电控制方法流程示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种预防过充的充放电控制方法流程示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种预防过放的充放电控制方法流程示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种具体的充放电控制方法流程示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种确定放电电流或充电电流的电流值的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。方法实施例中的具体操作方法也可以应用于装置实施例或***实施例中。需要说明的是，在本申请的描述中“至少一个”是指一个或多个，其中，多个是指两个或两个以上。鉴于此，本发明实施例中也可以将“多个”理解为“至少两个”。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，字符“/”，如无特殊说明，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。另外，需要理解的是，在本申请的描述中，“第一”、“第二”等词汇，仅用于区分描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性，也不能理解为指示或暗示顺序。
随着新能源领域的发展，越来越多的能源***具备了储能功能。如图1所示，能源***可以包括储能电池和充放电控制装置。充放电控制装置与储能电池连接，可以控制储能电池充电和放电，进而可以调节能源***整体的输出功率。本申请实施例中，能源***可以是光伏***、水力发电***、风力发电***等等，为了便于理解，本申请实施例接下来以光伏***为例进行说明。
光伏***是一种可以利用光能(太阳能)进行发电的能源***，目前的光伏***多采用直流耦合光储架构，其主要包括光伏面板、储能电池和光伏逆变器。根据储能电池与光伏逆变器之前的连接关系，光伏***可以是单级形式或多级形式。其中：
单级形式的光伏***可以如图2所示。如图2所示，光伏***10主要包括储能电池11、光伏逆变器12和光伏面板13。其中，光伏逆变器12的第一端分别与储能电池11和光伏面板13连接，光伏逆变器12的第二端与交流电网20连接。
光伏面板13可以将吸收的光能(太阳能)转化为光伏电能，该光伏电能通常为直流电能。可以理解，由于光伏面板13的光照强度并不稳定，因此光伏面板13的输出功率也会动态变化。光伏逆变器12可以根据交流电网20的功率需求，控制储能电池11充电或放电。也就是说，在图2所示的光伏***10中，光伏逆变器12可以作为控制储能电池11的充放电控制装置。
具体来说，在对储能电池11充电时，若光伏面板13的输出功率较大，则光伏逆变器12可以对光伏面板13输出的部分光伏电能进行直流-交流转换，并将得到的交流电能输出给交流电网20，也就是实现了“并网”。光伏逆变器12将光伏面板13输出的另一部分光伏电能作为充电电能提供给储能电池11，以使储能电池11充电。
例如，交流电网20所需的目标功率为60W，光伏面板13所输出的光伏电能的功率为80W，光伏逆变器12可以对其中60W的光伏电能进行并网，而其余20W的光伏电能则可以作为充电电能存储于储能电池11中。
在对储能电池11充电时，光伏逆变器12还可以从交流电网20接收交流电能，对该交流电能进行交流-直流转换，以得到直流的电网电能。光伏逆变器12将该电网电能输出给储能电池11，以使储能电池11充电。
在光伏面板13的输出功率不足(光伏面板13)时，光伏逆变器12还可以控制储能电池11放电。光伏逆变器12可以接收光伏面板13输出的光伏电能，以及储能电池11输出的电池电能，该电池电能也多为直流电能。光伏逆变器12可以对接收到的直流电能进行直流-交流转换，并向交流电网20输出转换得到的交流电能。
例如，交流电网20所需的目标功率为60W，光伏面板13所输出的光伏电能的功率为40W，则光伏逆变器12可以控制储能电池11输出20W的电池电能，因此光伏逆变器12的总输入功率可以维持在60W，从而可以为交流电网20提供60W的交流电能。
可以理解，在阴天或夜晚等场景下，光伏面板13的输出功率也可能趋近于0，此时可以认为只有储能电池11在为光伏逆变器12供电。也就是说，光伏逆变器12所接收到的直流电能既可以只来自于光伏面板13，也可以只来自于储能电池11，还可以是包括储能电池11输出的电池电能和光伏面板13输出的光伏电能的混合电能。
多级形式的光伏***可以如图3所示。如图3所示，储能电池11与光伏逆变器12之间还包括直流-直流(direct current-direct current，DC-DC)转换器14，DC-DC转换器14的第一端与储能电池11连接，DC-DC转换器14的第二端分别与光伏逆变器12和光伏面板13连接。
在储能电池11放电时，DC-DC转换器14可以对储能电池11输出的电池电能进行电压转换，并通过DC-DC转换器14的第二端输出转换后的电池电能，使得转换后的电池电能的电压可以适配光伏逆变器12。
在储能电池11充电时，DC-DC转换器14的第二端可以接收充电电能。该充电电能可以包括来自光伏面板13的部分或全部光伏电能，例如，在光伏面板13的输出功率较大时，光伏电能中超出目标功率的部分光伏电能可以作为充电电能输入DC-DC转换器14。又例如，在光伏***10不需要向交流电网20供电时，光伏面板13输出的全部的光伏电能皆可以作为充电电能输入DC-DC转换器14。
此外，光伏逆变器12还可以从交流电网20接收交流电能，对该交流电能进行交流-直流转换后，得到直流的电网电能。该电网电能也可以作为充电电能输入DC-DC转换器14。
也就是说，DC-DC转换器14接收到的充电电能既可以包括光伏面板13输出的部分或全部光伏电能，还可以包括光伏逆变器12输出的电网电能。DC-DC转换器14可以对DC-DC转换器14的第二端接收到的充电电能进行电压转换，并通过DC-DC转换器14的第一端输出转换后的充电电能，使得转换后的充电电能的电压可以适配储能电池11。
由此可见，在DC-DC转换器14向储能电池11输出充电电能时，可以控制储能电池11充电，在DC-DC转换器14接收储能电池11输出的电池电能时，可以控制储能电池11放电。DC-DC转换器14可以作为控制储能电池11的充放电控制装置。
如图3所示，在一些光伏***10中还可以包括升压(boost，BST)电路15。BST电路15位于光伏面板和光伏逆变器12之间，其中，BST电路15的第一端与光伏面板13连接，BST电路15的第二端分别与DC-DC转换器14和光伏逆变器12连接。BST电路15为一种直流-直流转换器，可以对光伏面板13输出的光伏电能进行电压转换，使得转换后的光伏电能的电压可以适配DC-DC转换器14和/或光伏逆变器12。
综上所述，随着光伏面板13的输出功率的变化，储能电池11既可以充电，也可以放电。然而，在储能电池11放电过程中，若储能电池11中的电量过低，则可能会损坏储能电池11，使储能电池11无法被再次充电，这种情况也可以称为过放。在储能电池11充电过充中，若储能电池11中的电量过高，则可能使电池中的电解液出现不可逆的极化现象，进而缩短电池寿命，这种情况也可以称为过充。
为了防止储能电池11过充和过放，本申请实施例提供一种充放电控制方法，该方法可 以应用于充放电控制装置。需要指出的是，本申请实施例中充放电控制装置可以为储能电池11充电或接收储能电池11输出的电池电能。示例性的，该充放电控制装置可以是图2所示的光伏逆变器12，也可以是图3所示的DC-DC转换器14。
为了便于理解，本申请实施例接下来以充放电控制装置为图3所示的DC-DC转换器14的场景为例进行说明。在未特别指出的情况下，接下来的实施例同样适用于充放电控制装置为图2所示的光伏逆变器12的场景。
示例性的，DC-DC转换器14可以执行如图4所示的充放电控制方法，该方法主要包括以下步骤：
S401：获取储能电池的电池电量，以及获取储能电池的充电电流或储能电池的放电电流。其中，储能电池11接收到的充电电流，可以理解为从DC-DC转换器14的第一端的正极输出至储能电池11的正极，并从储能电池11的负极回流至DC-DC转换器14的第一端的负极的电流。储能电池11的放电电流，可以理解为从储能电池11的正极输出，并回流至储能电池11的负极的电流。
储能电池11的电池电量，也就是储能电池11中存储的电量。在一种可能的实现方式中，可以通过储能电池11的荷电状态(state of charge，SOC)表征储能电池11的电池电量。储能电池11的SOC可以理解为储能电池11的电池电量与其完全充满时的电池电量的比值，常用百分数表示。SOC的取值范围为0～1，当SOC＝0时表示储能电池11完全放电，当SOC＝1时表示储能电池11完全充满。DC-DC转换器14可以根据储能电池11已释放的电能和/或已充入的电能，计算储能电池11的SOC，具体实现可以参考现有技术，对此不再赘述。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，还可以通过储能电池11的电池电压表征储能电池11的电池电量。在储能电池11充电过程中，储能电池11的电池电压逐渐升高。在储能电池11放电过程中，储能电池11的电池电压逐渐降低。因此，还可以通过储能电池11的电池电压表征储能电池11的电池电量。
需要指出的是，本申请实施例并不限制DC-DC转换器14获取储能电池的电池电量的具体实现方式。例如，DC-DC转换器14可以通过为储能电池11提供的充电电能，以及从储能电池11接收到的电池电能估算储能电池11的电池电量。又例如，储能电池11可以向DC-DC转换器14发送电量指示消息，该电量指示消息可以指示储能电池11当前的电池电量。DC-DC转换器14便可以基于该电量指示消息，获取储能电池11的电池电量。
DC-DC转换器14在得到储能电池11的电池电量后，便可以进一步判断电池电量与电量阈值之间的关系。其中，电量阈值包括充电电量阈值和放电电量阈值，接下来，分别进行说明：
一、放电电量阈值
在储能电池11放电时，DC-DC转换器14可以获取放电电量阈值。其中，放电电量阈值可以理解为在防止储能电池11过放的情况下，储能电池11的电池电量可以达到的最小值。也就是说，当储能电池11的电池电量低于该放电电量阈值时，储能电池11便存在过放的风险。
示例性的，在以储能电池11的SOC表征储能电池11的电池电量时，该放电电量阈值也可以用第一SOC阈值表征。也就是说，在储能电池11的SOC不大于第一SOC阈值时，说明储能电池11的电池电量不大于放电电量阈值。
又例如，在以储能电池11的电池电压表征储能电池11的电池电量时，该放电电量阈值也可以用第一电池电压阈值表征。也就是说，在储能电池11的电池电压不大于第一电池电压阈值时，说明储能电池11的电池电量不大于放电电量阈值。
可以理解，储能电池11的电池电量与放电电量阈值之间的相对大小关系存在以下两种情况：
情况一：储能电池11的电池电量大于放电电量阈值。在此情况下，DC-DC转换器14可以控制储能电池11放电。例如，DC-DC转换器14可以在光伏面板13的输出功率较小时，控制储能电池11放电，也就是接收储能电池11输出的电池电能。
情况二：储能电池11的电池电量不大于(小于或等于)放电电量阈值。在此情况下，DC-DC转换器14可以控制储能电池11停止放电，以防止储能电池11过放。以及，在光伏面板13的输出功率较大时，利用多余的光伏电能对储能电池11充电。DC-DC转换器14也可以接收光伏逆变器12提供的电网电能，利用该电网电能对储能电池11充电。
需要指出的是，在储能电池11充电过程中，DC-DC转换器14可以获取储能电池11输出的充电电流，以监控储能电池11的充电状态。充电过程中，储能电池11的电池电量不大于放电电量阈值时，有可能出现光伏面板13的输出功率略大于交流电网20所需功率的情况，此时储能电池11会小电流充电，即充电电流较小。光伏面板13的输出功率的轻微变化便有可能使光伏面板13的输出功率略小于交流电网20所需功率，储能电池11将会由充电状态切换至小电流放电的放电状态。
由于对充电电流和放电电流的检测误差，DC-DC转换器14有可能无法识别小电流的放电电流和充电电流。例如，DC-DC转换器14的检测误差为0.1A，则DC-DC转换器14便无法识别0-0.1A的充电电流和放电电流，从而无法识别储能电池11从充电状态切换至了放电状态。在储能电池11的电池电量不大于放电电量阈值时，若储能电池11仍继续以小电流的放电电流进行放电，便有可能导致储能电池11过放。
有鉴于此，DC-DC转换器14还可以获取储能电池11的充电电流。需要指出的是，本申请实施例并不限制DC-DC转换器14获取充电电流的具体实现方式。例如，DC-DC转换器14中设置有检测电路，DC-DC转换器14可以通过该检测电路检测充电电流。又例如，储能电池11可以向DC-DC转换器14发送充电电流指示消息，该充电电流指示消息可以指示充电电流的电流值。DC-DC转换器14便可以基于该电量指示消息，获取储能电池11的充电电流。
如S402，在电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，且储能电池11的充电电流小于充电电流阈值时，控制电池停止充电和放电。示例性的，充电电流阈值可以是DC-DC转换器14能够检测到的充电电流的最小值。例如，DC-DC转换器14的检测精度为0.1A，则DC-DC转换器14能够检测到的充电电流的最小值为0.1A，该充电电流阈值便可以设置为0.1A。
可以理解，本申请实施例并不限制充电电流阈值的具体实现方式。例如，为了进一步防止储能电池11过放，也可以在DC-DC转换器14能够检测到的充电电流的最小值为0.1A的基础上，增加余量0.05A，也就是将充电电流阈值设置为0.15A。
在电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，且储能电池11的充电电流小于充电电流阈值时，说明此时储能电池11存在小电流放电的风险。因此，为了防止储能电池11过放，DC-DC转换器14停止储能电池11充电和放电。
其中，DC-DC转换器14中包括功率变换电路，该功率变换电路中设置有一个或多个 功率开关管，DC-DC转换器14通过脉冲宽度调制(pulse width modulation，PWM)控制每个功率开关管的导通和关断，从而通过该功率变换电路实现电压转换。DC-DC转换器14可以通过改变PWM策略调节变比，从而为储能电池11提供电压适配的充电电能，或者为光伏逆变器12提供电压适配的电池电能。
在本申请实施例中，DC-DC转换器14可以通过PWM封波停止储能电池11充电和放电。所谓PWM封波，指的是功率变换电路的功率管处于关断状态，不进行斩波动作，功率变换电路停止电压转换。
二、充电电量阈值
在储能电池11充电时，DC-DC转换器14可以获取充电电量阈值。其中，充电电量阈值可以理解为在防止储能电池11过充的情况下，储能电池11的电池电量可以达到的最大值。也就是说，当储能电池11的电池电量超过该充电电量阈值时，储能电池11便存在过充的风险。
示例性的，在以储能电池11的SOC表征储能电池11的电池电量时，该充电电量阈值也可以用第二SOC阈值表征。也就是说，在储能电池11的SOC不小于第二SOC阈值时，说明储能电池11的电池电量不小于充电电量阈值。
又例如，在以储能电池11的电池电压表征储能电池11的电池电量时，该充电电量阈值也可以用第二电池电压阈值表征。也就是说，在储能电池11的电池电压不小于第二电池电压阈值时，说明储能电池11的电池电量不小于充电电量阈值。
可以理解，储能电池11的电池电量与充电电量阈值之间的相对大小关系存在以下两种情况：
情况一：储能电池11的电池电量小于充电电量阈值。在此情况下，DC-DC转换器14可以对储能电池11进行充电。例如，DC-DC转换器14可以在光伏面板13的输出功率较大时，将多余的光伏电能提供给储能电池11充电。
情况二：储能电池11的电池电量不小于(大于或等于)充电电量阈值。在此情况下，DC-DC转换器14可以停止对储能电池11进行充电，以防止储能电池11过充。以及，在光伏面板13的输出功率较小时，控制储能电池11放电。
需要指出的是，在储能电池11放电过程中，DC-DC转换器14可以获取储能电池11输出的放电电流，以监控储能电池11的放电状态。放电过程中，储能电池11的电池电量不小于充电电量阈值时，有可能出现光伏面板13的输出功率略小于交流电网20所需功率的情况，此时储能电池11会小电流放电，即放电电流较小。光伏面板13的输出功率的轻微变化便有可能使光伏面板13的输出功率略大于交流电网20所需功率，储能电池11将会由放电状态切换至小电流充电的充电状态。
由于对充电电流和放电电流的检测误差，DC-DC转换器14有可能无法识别储能电池11从小电流的放电状态切换至了小电流的充电状态。在储能电池11的电池电量不小于充电电量阈值时，若储能电池11仍继续以小电流的充电电流进行充电，便有可能导致储能电池11过充。
有鉴于此，DC-DC转换器14还可以获取储能电池11的放电电流。需要指出的是，本申请实施例并不限制DC-DC转换器14获取放电电流的具体实现方式。例如，DC-DC转换器14中设置有检测电路，DC-DC转换器14可以通过该检测电路检测放电电流。又例如， 储能电池11可以向DC-DC转换器14发送放电电流指示消息，该放电电流指示消息可以指示放电电流的大小。DC-DC转换器14便可以基于该电量指示消息，获取储能电池11的放电电流。
如S403，在电池电量不小于充电电量阈值，且储能电池11的放电电流小于放电电流阈值时，控制电池停止充电和放电。示例性的，放电电流阈值可以是DC-DC转换器14能够检测到的放电电流的最小值。例如，DC-DC转换器14的检测精度为0.1A，则DC-DC转换器14能够检测到的放电电流的最小值为0.1A，该放电电流阈值便可以设置为0.1A。
可以理解，本申请实施例并不限制放电电流阈值的具体实现方式。例如，为了进一步防止储能电池11过充，也可以在DC-DC转换器14能够检测到的放电电流的最小值为0.1A的基础上，增加余量0.05A，也就是将放电电流阈值设置为0.15A。
在电池电量不小于充电电量阈值，且储能电池11的放电电流小于放电电流阈值时，说明此时储能电池11存在小电流充电的风险。因此，为了防止储能电池11过充，DC-DC转换器14停止储能电池11充电和放电，也就是PWM封波。
综上所述，本申请实施例中DC-DC转换器可以通过检测储能电池11的电池电量、充电电流和放电电流，在储能电池11存在过放或过充风险时停止对储能电池11充电和放电，从而有利于保护储能电池11。
在一个具体示例中，以储能电池11的SOC表征储能电池11的电池电量时，DC-DC转换器14可以执行如图5所示的以下步骤：
S501：开始。
S502：DC-DC转换器14确定当前是否处于“储能电池11的SOC不大于第一SOC阈值，且充电电流小于充电电流阈值”的情况。若是，DC-DC转换器14继续执行S603。若否，DC-DC转换器14继续执行S604。
S503：DC-DC转换器14PWM封波。
S504：DC-DC转换器14确定当前是否处于“储能电池11的SOC不小于第二SOC阈值，且放电电流小于放电电流阈值”的情况。若是，DC-DC转换器14继续执行S603。若否，DC-DC转换器14继续执行S605。
S505：DC-DC转换器14使能PWM。
S506：结束。
接下来，通过以下示例对本申请实施例所提供的充放电控制方法做进一步的示例性说明。
示例一：防止过放
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种充放电控制方法流程示意图。如图6所示，主要包括以下步骤：
S601：开始。
S602：DC-DC转换器14确定当前是否处于PWM封波状态。若是，说明现在储能电池11即不充电，也不放电，DC-DC转换器14继续执行S611。若否，说明现在储能电池11可以充电和/或放电，DC-DC转换器14继续执行S603。
S603：DC-DC转换器14确定当前是否处于“储能电池11的SOC不大于第一SOC阈值，且充电电流小于充电电流阈值”的情况。若是，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S604。若否，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S609。
S604：在确定储能电池11的SOC不大于第一SOC阈值，且充电电流小于充电电流阈值的情况下，DC-DC转换器14继续确定当前是否正在计时。若是，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S605。若否，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S606。
S605：DC-DC转换器14开始对第一时间段的计时，并返回继续执行S603。
S606：DC-DC转换器14确定当前计时时间是否到达第一时间段。若是，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S607。若否，则DC-DC转换器14返回继续执行S603。
S607：DC-DC转换器14PWM封波。也就是说，DC-DC转换器14控制储能电池11停止充电和放电。
S608：结束。
S609：在DC-DC转换器14确定当前不出处于“储能电池11的SOC不大于第一SOC阈值，且充电电流小于充电电流阈值”的情况下，若正在对第一时间段进行计时，则执行S610，清零当前计时。否则，执行S608。
通过步骤S604至S610可见，在本申请实施例中还可以为PWM封波操作设置第一时间段的时延。即，在第一时间段内储能电池11持续满足“储能电池11的SOC不大于第一SOC阈值，且充电电流小于充电电流阈值”时，DC-DC转换器14再控制储能电池11停止充电和放电。采用该实现方式，可以防止因***能量波动、检测误差等干扰因素使DC-DC转换器14频繁更改PWM策略。
在第一时间段内若储能电池11不再满足“储能电池11的SOC不大于第一SOC阈值，且充电电流小于充电电流阈值”，则DC-DC转换器14清零对第一时间段的计时。在此情况下，若储能电池11的SOC不大于第一SOC阈值且充电电流大于充电电流阈值，则DC-DC转换器14只可以控制储能电池11充电，不可以控制储能电池11放电。若储能电池11的SOC小于第一SOC阈值，则DC-DC转换器14既可以控制储能电池11充电，也可以控制储能电池11放电。
需要指出的是，采用本申请实施例所提供的充放电控制方法，DC-DC转换器14还可以在储能电池11可以安全充电时，自动控制储能电池11充电。具体来说，如图6中的S602所示，在DC-DC转换器14确定当前否处于PWM封波状态时，继续执行S611：确定充电电能的功率是否不小于充电功率阈值。
在本申请实施例中，充电功率阈值大于或等于第一电池电压阈值和充电电流阈值之间的乘积。如前所述，在储能电池11的电池电压小于或等于第一电池电压阈值时，说明储能电池11的电池电量小于或等于放电电量阈值，储能电池11将停止放电。也就是说，在储能电池11的电池电量小于或等于放电电量阈值时，储能电池11的电池电压可以达到第一电池电压阈值。
由于充电功率阈值大于或等于第一电池电压阈值和充电电流阈值之间的乘积，而电池电压为第一电池电压阈值，因此在储能电池11的电池电量小于或等于放电电量阈值时，以充电功率阈值大小的充电功率对储能电池11充电，有利于确保充电电流大于或等于充电电流阈值。
示例性的，DC-DC转换器14可以通过与光伏逆变器12的通信交互，确定DC-DC转换器14的第二端可以接收到的充电电能的功率。例如，在光伏面板13输出的光伏电能较大时，光伏逆变器12可以向储能电池11发送第一功率指示消息，通过该第一功率指示消 息指示DC-DC转换器14的第二端可以接收到的充电电能的功率，也就是光伏面板13输出的光伏电能减去交流电网20所需电能后的差值。
又例如，在光伏逆变器12为DC-DC转换器14提供充电电能时，光伏逆变器12可以向储能电池11发送第二功率指示消息，通过该第二功率指示消息指示DC-DC转换器14的第二端可以接收到的充电电能的功率，也就是光伏逆变器12所输出的充电电能的功率。
若充电电能的功率不小于充电功率阈值，说明此时可以安全地为储能电池11充电，DC-DC转换器14便可以使能PWM。所谓使能PWM，可以理解为通过PWM控制功率转换电路进行电压转换。
需要指出的是，由于目前DC-DC转换器14多通过估算的方式检测储能电池11的SOC，致使对SOC检测误差较大。因此，实际的SOC有可能大于第一SOC阈值，但由于检测误差使得DC-DC转换器14PWM封波。有鉴于此，DC-DC转换器14在执行S611期间，还可以继续检测储能电池11的SOC。若储能电池11的SOC大于第一SOC阈值，则DC-DC转换器14可以使能PWM。
在一种可能的实现方式中，为了防止DC-DC转换器14在PWM封波状态和PWM使能状态之间来回切换，DC-DC转换器14还可以在确定充电电能的功率在第二时间段内持续不小于充电功率阈值时，再使能PWM。
如图6中的S611所示，若充电电能的功率不小于充电功率阈值，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S612。否则，DC-DC转换器14继续执行S616。
S612：确定当前是否正在对第二时间段计时。若是，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S612。若否，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S614。
S613：开始计时。
S614：确定计时是否到达第二时间段。若是，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S615。若否，则DC-DC转换器14返回执行S611。
S615：使能PWM。
S616：若充电电能的功率小于充电功率阈值，则确定当前是否正在对第二时间段计时。若是，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S617。否则，DC-DC转换器14继续执行S608。
S617：将对第二时间段的计时清零。
由S612至S617可见，在第二时间段内若出现至少一次充电电能的功率小于充电功率阈值的情况，DC-DC转换器14便不会使能PWM。在第二时间段内若充电电能的功率持续不小于充电功率阈值，说明当前充电电能的功率可以稳定地为储能电池11充电，因此可以使能PWM。
示例二：防止过充
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种充放电控制方法流程示意图。如图7所示，主要包括以下步骤：
S701：开始。
S702：DC-DC转换器14确定当前是否处于PWM封波状态。若是，说明现在储能电池11即不充电，也不放电，DC-DC转换器14继续执行S711。若否，说明现在储能电池11可以充电和/或放电，DC-DC转换器14继续执行S703。
S703：DC-DC转换器14确定当前是否处于“储能电池11的SOC不小于第二SOC阈 值，且放电电流小于放电电流阈值”的情况。若是，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S704。若否，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S709。
S704：在确定储能电池11的SOC不小于第二SOC阈值，且放电电流小于放电电流阈值的情况下，DC-DC转换器14继续确定当前是否正在计时。若是，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S705。若否，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S706。
S705：DC-DC转换器14开始对第四时间段的计时，并返回继续执行S703。
S706：DC-DC转换器14确定当前计时时间是否到达第四时间段。若是，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S707。若否，则DC-DC转换器14返回继续执行S703。
S707：DC-DC转换器14PWM封波。也就是说，DC-DC转换器14控制储能电池11停止充电和放电。
S708：结束。
S709：在DC-DC转换器14确定当前不出处于“储能电池11的SOC不小于第二SOC阈值，且放电电流小于放电电流阈值”的情况下，若正在对第四时间段进行计时，则执行S710，清零当前计时。否则，执行S708。
通过步骤S704至S710可见，在本申请实施例中还可以为PWM封波操作设置第四时间段的时延。即，在第四时间段内储能电池11持续满足“储能电池11的SOC不小于第二SOC阈值，且放电电流小于放电电流阈值”时，DC-DC转换器14再控制储能电池11停止充电和放电。采用该实现方式，可以防止因***能量波动、检测误差等干扰因素使DC-DC转换器14频繁更改PWM策略。
在第一时间段内若储能电池11不再满足“储能电池11的SOC不小于第二SOC阈值，且放电电流小于放电电流阈值”，则DC-DC转换器14清零对第四时间段的计时。在此情况下，若储能电池11的SOC不小于第一SOC阈值且放电电流大于放电电流阈值，则DC-DC转换器14只可以控制储能电池11放电，不可以控制储能电池11充电。若储能电池11的SOC小于第二SOC阈值，则DC-DC转换器14既可以控制储能电池11充电，也可以控制储能电池11放电。
需要指出的是，采用本申请实施例所提供的充放电控制方法，DC-DC转换器14还可以在储能电池11可以安全放电时，自动控制储能电池11放电。具体来说，如图7中的S702所示，在DC-DC转换器14确定当前否处于PWM封波状态时，继续执行S711：确定电池电能的功率是否不小于放电功率阈值。
在本申请实施例中，放电功率阈值大于或等于第二电池电压阈值和放电电流阈值之间的乘积。如前所述，在储能电池11的电池电压大于或等于第二电池电压阈值时，说明储能电池11的电池电量大于或等于充电电量阈值，储能电池11将停止充电。也就是说，在储能电池11的电池电量大于或等于充电电量阈值时，储能电池11的电池电压可以达到第二电池电压阈值。
由于放电功率阈值大于或等于第一电池电压阈值和充电电流阈值之间的乘积，而电池电压为第二电池电压阈值，因此在储能电池11的电池电量大于或等于充电电量阈值时，储能电池以放电电功率阈值大小的放电电功率放电，有利于确保放电电流大于或等于放电电流阈值。
示例性的，DC-DC转换器14可以通过与光伏逆变器12的通信交互，确定储能电池 11需要输出的电池电能的功率。例如，在光伏面板13输出的光伏电能较小时，光伏逆变器12可以向储能电池11发送第三功率指示消息，通过该第三功率指示消息指能电池11需要输出的电池电能的功率，也就是光伏面板13输出的光伏电能相对于交流电网20所需电能的功率缺口。
若电池电能的功率不小于放电功率阈值，说明此时储能电池11可以安全放电，DC-DC转换器14便可以使能PWM。需要指出的是，由于目前对SOC检测误差较大DC-DC转换器14在执行S711期间，还可以继续检测储能电池11的SOC。若储能电池11的SOC小于第二SOC阈值，则DC-DC转换器14可以使能PWM。
在一种可能的实现方式中，为了防止DC-DC转换器14在PWM封波状态和PWM使能状态之间来回切换，DC-DC转换器14还可以在确定电池电能的功率在第三时间段内持续不小于放电功率阈值时，再使能PWM。
如图7中的S711所示，若电池电能的功率不小于放电功率阈值，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S712。否则，DC-DC转换器14继续执行S716。
S712：确定当前是否正在对第三时间段计时。若是，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S712。若否，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S714。
S713：开始计时。
S714：确定计时是否到达第三时间段。若是，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S715。若否，则DC-DC转换器14返回执行S711。
S715：使能PWM。
S716：若充电电能的功率小于充电功率阈值，则确定当前是否正在对第三时间段计时。若是，则DC-DC转换器14继续执行S717。否则，DC-DC转换器14继续执行S708。
S717：将对第三时间段的计时清零。
由S712至S717可见，在第三时间段内若出现至少一次电池电能的功率小于放电功率阈值的情况，DC-DC转换器14便不会使能PWM。在第三时间段内若电池电能的功率持续不小于放电功率阈值，说明当前储能电池11可以稳定输出电池电能，因此可以使能PWM。
示例三：电流检测
DC-DC转换器14可以获取充电电流和放电电流的电流值。在一种可能的实现方式中，DC-DC转换器14中可以包括检测电路，通过该检测电路检测充电电流和放电电流的电流值。在另一种可能的实现方式中，DC-DC转换器14可以通过与储能电池11之间的通信交互获取充电电流和放电电流的电流值。
在又一种可能的实现方式中，DC-DC转换器14还可以复用母线环电路确定充电电流和放电电流的电流值。具体来说，母线环电路可以调节充电电流或放电电流的电流值，使母线电压(也就是DC-DC转换器14的第二端的电压)保持稳定。假设充电电流的电流值为正值，放电电流的电流值为负值，则母线环电路调节充电电流或放电电流大小的过程可以如图8所示：
母线环电路根据当前的母线电压得到计算值。在母线电压超过母线电压的工作范围时，母线环电路将增大该计算值，使母线电压降低。在母线电压低于母线电压的工作范围时，母线环电路将降低该计算值，使母线电压升高。
母线环电路根据当前的SOC确定充电电流限制值，一般来说，SOC越大，充电电流 限制值越小，该充电电流限制值可以理解为充电电流可以达到的最大值。母线环电路进而确定充电电流限制值和计算值中的较小值V1，以防止充电电流超过上述充电电流限制值。
母线环电路根据当前的SOC确定放电电流限制值，一般来说，SOC越小，放电电流限制值越小，该放电电流限制值可以理解为储能电池11可以输出的最大放电电流。由于放电电流的电流值为负，因此放电电流限制值也可以理解为放电电流可以达到的最小电流值。
母线环电路进而确定放电电流限制值和较小值V1之间的较大值V2，以防止放电电流的电流值的绝对值超过上述放电电流限制值的绝对值。采用该实现方式是，可以避免***采样误差，因此可以得到较为准确的充电电流或放电电流的电流值。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、***、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请的方法、设备(***)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的保护范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种能源***，其特征在于，包括储能电池和充放电控制装置，所述充放电控制装置与所述储能电池连接，其中所述充放电控制装置用于：
    获取所述储能电池的电池电量，以及获取所述储能电池的充电电流或所述储能电池的放电电流；
    在所述电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，且所述储能电池的充电电流小于充电电流阈值时，控制所述储能电池停止充电和放电；
    在所述电池电量不小于充电电量阈值，且所述储能电池的放电电流小于放电电流阈值时，控制所述储能电池停止充电和放电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的能源***，其特征在于，所述充放电控制装置，还用于：
    在所述电池电量不大于所述放电电量阈值，且所述充放电控制装置接收到的充电电能的功率不小于充电功率阈值时，利用所述充电电能控制所述储能电池充电。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的能源***，其特征在于，所述充放电控制装置，还用于：
    在第二时间段内，所述电池电量持续不大于所述放电电量阈值，且所述充放电控制装置接收到的充电电能的功率持续不小于所述充电功率阈值时，利用所述充电电能控制所述储能电池充电。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的能源***，其特征在于，所述充放电控制装置还用于连接交流电网，所述充电电能包括所述充放电控制装置从所述交流电网接收到的交流电能；
    所述充放电控制装置，具体用于：
    对接收到的充电电能进行交流-直流转换，以得到直流的充电电能；
    将转换后的所述直流的充电电能输出给所述储能电池。
  5. 根据权利要求2或3所述的能源***，其特征在于，所述能源***还包括光伏面板，所述光伏面板与所述充放电控制装置连接，所述光伏面板用于将接收到的光能转化为直流的光伏电能；
    所述充放电控制装置，具体用于：
    对所述光伏面板输出的一部分光伏电能进行直流-交流转换，并将转换后得到的交流电能输出给交流电网，将所述光伏面板输出的另一部分光伏电能作为所述充电电能输出给所述储能电池。
  6. 根据权利要求2或3所述的能源***，其特征在于，所述能源***还包括光伏面板，所述光伏面板用于将接收到的光能转化为直流的光伏电能，所述充电电能包括所述光伏面板输出的部分或全部光伏电能；和/或，
    所述能源***还包括光伏逆变器，所述光伏逆变器用于将从交流电网接收到的交流电能转换为直流的电网电能，所述充电电能包括述电网电能；
    所述充放电控制装置，具体用于：
    对所述充电电能进行直流-直流转换，以使转换后的所述充电电能的电压与所述储能电池适配；
    将转换后的所述充电电能输出给所述储能电池。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的能源***，其特征在于，所述充放电控制装置具体用于：
    在第一时间段内，所述电池电量持续不大于所述放电电量阈值，且所述储能电池的充电电流持续小于所述充电电流阈值时，控制所述储能电池停止充电和放电。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的能源***，其特征在于，所述充放电控制装置，还用于：
    在所述电池电量不小于所述充电电量阈值，且电池电能的功率不小于放电功率阈值时，控制所述储能电池放电。
  9. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的能源***，其特征在于，所述充放电控制装置，还用于：
    在第三时间段内，所述电池电量持续不小于所述充电电量阈值，且所述电池电能的功率持续不小于放电功率阈值时，控制所述储能电池放电。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的能源***，其特征在于，所述充放电控制装置还用于连接交流电网，所述充放电控制装置具体用于：
    对接收到的电池电能进行直流-交流转换，以得到交流电能；
    将所述交流电能输出给所述交流电网。
  11. 根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的能源***，其特征在于，所述能源***还包括光伏面板，所述光伏面板与所述充放电控制装置连接，所述光伏面板用于将接收到的光能转化为直流的光伏电能；
    所述充放电控制装置，具体用于：
    在所述光伏电能的功率小于所述交流电网的目标功率时，控制所述储能电池放电，其中，所述电池电能的功率等于所述目标功率减去所述光伏电能的功率的差值。
  12. 根据权利要求8或9所述的能源***，其特征在于，所述能源***还包括光伏面板和光伏逆变器，所述光伏逆变器分别与所述光伏面板和所述充放电控制装置连接；
    所述光伏面板，用于将接收到的光能转化为直流的光伏电能；
    所述充放电控制装置，具体用于：
    在所述光伏电能的功率小于所述交流电网的目标功率时，对接收到的电池电能进行直流-直流转换，以使转换后的所述电池电能与所述光伏逆变器适配，所述电池电能的功率等于所述目标功率减去所述光伏电能的功率的差值；
    所述光伏逆变器，用于对接收到的光伏电能和/或电池电能进行直流-交流转换，并将转换得到的交流电能输出给交流电网。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的能源***，其特征在于，所述充放电控制装置具体用于：
    在第四时间段内，所述电池电量持续不小于所述充电电量阈值，且所述储能电池的放电电流持续小于所述放电电流阈值时，控制所述储能电池停止充电和放电。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的能源***，其特征在于，所述充放电控制装置，具体用于：
    获取所述储能电池的荷电状态SOC，其中，在所述SOC不大于第一SOC阈值时，所述SOC用于指示所述电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，在所述SOC不小于第二SOC阈值时，所述SOC用于指示所述电池电量不小于充电电量阈值。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的能源***，其特征在于，所述充放电控制装置，具体用于：
    获取所述储能电池的电池电压，其中，在所述电池电压不大于第一电池电压阈值时，所述电池电压用于指示所述电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，在所述电池电压不小于第二电电池电压阈值时，所述电池电压用于指示所述电池电量不小于充电电量阈值。
  16. 一种充放电控制方法，其特征在于，应用于能源***中控制储能电池充电和放电的充放电控制装置，所述方法包括：
    所述充放电控制装置获取所述储能电池的电池电量，以及获取所述储能电池的充电电流或所述储能电池的放电电流；
    在所述电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，且所述储能电池的充电电流小于充电电流阈值时，所述充放电控制装置控制所述储能电池停止充电和放电；
    在所述电池电量不小于充电电量阈值，且所述储能电池的放电电流小于放电电流阈值时，所述充放电控制装置控制所述储能电池停止充电和放电。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，且所述储能电池的充电电流小于充电电流阈值时，所述充放电控制装置控制所述储能电池停止充电和放电之后，还包括：
    在所述电池电量不大于所述放电电量阈值，且所述充放电控制装置接收到的充电电能的功率不小于充电功率阈值时，所述充放电控制装置利用所述充电电能控制所述储能电池充电。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，且所述储能电池的充电电流小于充电电流阈值时，所述充放电控制装置控制所述储能电池停止充电和放电之后，还包括：
    在第二时间段内，所述电池电量持续不大于所述放电电量阈值，且所述充放电控制装置接收到的充电电能的功率持续不小于所述充电功率阈值时，所述充放电控制装置利用所述充电电能控制所述储能电池充电。
  19. 根据权利要求16至18中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，且所述储能电池的充电电流小于充电电流阈值时，所述充放电控制装置控制所述储能电池停止充电和放电，包括：
    在第一时间段内，所述电池电量持续不大于所述放电电量阈值，且所述储能电池的充电电流持续小于所述充电电流阈值时，所述充放电控制装置控制所述储能电池停止充电和放电。
  20. 根据权利要求16至19中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述电池电量不小于充电电量阈值，且所述储能电池的放电电流小于放电电流阈值时，所述充放电控制装置控制所述储能电池停止充电和放电之后，还包括：
    在所述电池电量不小于所述充电电量阈值，且电池电能的功率不小于放电功率阈值时，所述充放电控制装置控制所述储能电池放电。
  21. 根据权利要求16至19中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述电池电量不小于充电电量阈值，且所述储能电池的放电电流小于放电电流阈值时，所述充放电控制装置控制所述储能电池停止充电和放电之后，还包括：
    在第三时间段内，所述电池电量持续不小于所述充电电量阈值，且所述电池电能的功率持续不小于放电功率阈值时，所述充放电控制装置控制所述储能电池放电。
  22. 根据权利要求16至21中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述电池电量不小于 充电电量阈值，且所述储能电池的放电电流小于放电电流阈值时，所述充放电控制装置控制所述电池停止充电和放电，包括：
    在第四时间段内，所述电池电量持续不小于所述充电电量阈值，且所述储能电池的放电电流持续小于所述放电电流阈值时，所述充放电控制装置控制所述储能电池放电。
  23. 根据权利要求16至22中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述充放电控制装置获取所述储能电池的电池电量，包括：
    所述充放电控制装置获取所述储能电池的荷电状态SOC，其中，在所述SOC不大于第一SOC阈值时，所述SOC用于指示所述电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，在所述SOC不小于第二SOC阈值时，所述SOC用于指示所述电池电量不小于充电电量阈值。
  24. 根据权利要求16至23中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述充放电控制装置获取所述储能电池的电池电量，包括：
    所述充放电控制装置获取所述储能电池的电池电压，其中，在所述电池电压不大于第一电池电压阈值时，所述电池电压用于指示所述电池电量不大于放电电量阈值，在所述电池电压不小于第二电电池电压阈值时，所述电池电压用于指示所述电池电量不小于充电电量阈值。
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