WO2022166894A1 - Anti-counterfeiting element - Google Patents

Anti-counterfeiting element Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022166894A1
WO2022166894A1 PCT/CN2022/075026 CN2022075026W WO2022166894A1 WO 2022166894 A1 WO2022166894 A1 WO 2022166894A1 CN 2022075026 W CN2022075026 W CN 2022075026W WO 2022166894 A1 WO2022166894 A1 WO 2022166894A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
counterfeiting
micro
element according
counterfeiting element
color
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/075026
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
孙凯
朱军
Original Assignee
中钞特种防伪科技有限公司
中国印钞造币总公司
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Publication of WO2022166894A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022166894A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B42D25/391—Special inks absorbing or reflecting polarised light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of optical anti-counterfeiting, in particular to an anti-counterfeiting element.
  • Anti-counterfeiting technologies mainly include laser anti-counterfeiting, fluorescent anti-counterfeiting, magnetic anti-counterfeiting and temperature-varying anti-counterfeiting.
  • the traditional anti-counterfeiting technology generally has the following shortcomings: low technical content, simple structure combination and easy to be copied.
  • the technical solution of anti-counterfeiting methods such as traditional fluorescent ink, magnetic ink, temperature-change ink, etc. is to print specific graphic symbols with special ink on specific parts of the product, and then use special means to detect. As technology advances and develops, these methods are easily deciphered and exploited by counterfeiters. In addition, counterfeit marks are easy to be widely used.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an anti-counterfeiting element, which is used to solve the problems of low anti-counterfeiting resistance in the current traditional anti-counterfeiting technology, and that the traditional anti-counterfeiting technology is easy to be copied and counterfeited.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides an anti-counterfeiting element, the anti-counterfeiting element includes a spacer layer, and the spacer layer includes: a first surface including a micro-focusing unit, a partial area of the surface of the micro-focusing unit includes a color developing structure, and the micro-focusing unit It is used for sampling and enlarged display of the micrographic text unit, so as to present dynamic features with color on at least one side of the first surface and the second surface; the second surface includes at least one micrographic text unit.
  • the spacer layer is colorless and transparent or colored and transparent.
  • the color has a polarizing characteristic.
  • the micro-focusing unit includes at least one of a refractive type convex lens and a reflective type concave mirror, and the micro-focusing unit belongs to a Fresnel type focusing structure.
  • the color developing structure includes at least one of a subwavelength structure and a diffractive structure.
  • the feature size of the subwavelength structure in at least one direction is smaller than the first size; the feature size has periodicity in at least one direction.
  • the feature size of the diffractive structure in at least one direction is in the second size range, and the diffractive structure includes the varying feature size.
  • the diffractive structure includes a binary structure having a uniform height difference.
  • the surface of the color developing structure includes at least one of a metal coating layer, a high refractive index coating layer, and a laminated structure of a metal and a medium.
  • the dynamic feature includes at least one of translation, rotation, scaling, deformation, looming, and yin-yang transformation, wherein translation is present in one direction or in multiple directions.
  • the anti-counterfeiting element can be applied to the field of printing technology by at least one of the anti-counterfeiting lines, the anti-counterfeiting strips, and the anti-counterfeiting labels.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a schematic structural diagram of a refractive optical variable anti-counterfeiting element according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a schematic structural diagram of a reflective optical variable anti-counterfeiting element according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a schematic structural diagram of a micro-focusing element according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a schematic diagram of four color rendering structures that can be used on a spherical convex lens according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a coating structure for a color developing structure and a surface of a microfocusing element according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a schematic diagram of the design of two dynamic areas with color contrast according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a dynamic anti-counterfeiting element used on a banknote according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Convex lens type focusing unit 13. Micrographic unit layer;
  • Color rendering structure 5. Coating structure of color rendering structure;
  • a micro-focusing unit with a color-developing structure 62.
  • the first micro-graphics unit 63.
  • the anti-counterfeiting element includes a spacer layer, wherein the spacer layer includes: a first surface, including a micro-focusing unit, a partial area of the surface of the micro-focusing unit includes a color developing structure, and the micro-focusing unit is used for sampling the micro-text unit and enlarged display to present dynamic features with color on at least one side of the first surface and the second surface; the second surface includes at least one micro-graphics unit, wherein the first surface and the second surface are oppositely arranged.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a schematic structural diagram of a refraction type optically variable anti-counterfeiting element, including a refraction type optically variable anti-counterfeiting element 1, wherein 11 is a base material, and the thickness of the base material can be 15-30 micron PET plastic.
  • 12 is a convex lens type focusing unit with a height of 8 microns and a base diameter of 22 microns. The focusing unit can be fabricated on the upper part of the PET substrate by means of UV imprinting.
  • 121 is the first color rendering structure on the surface of the convex lens, which can be specifically set as a sub-wavelength structure with a period of 300 nanometers; 122 is the second color rendering structure on the surface of the convex lens, which can transform the convex lens into a multi-step form.
  • 123 is the coating layer on the surface of the color developing structure, and ZnS (zinc sulfide) material can be used, and its thickness is 100 nanometers.
  • 13 is a micro-graphics and text unit layer, which can be fabricated by nano-printing, etc., and can be one or more colors.
  • refracted light 142 is the incident light, which is refracted by the convex lens to form refracted light 142, and focused on an area of the micro-graphics unit, that is, the above-mentioned focusing point is sampled.
  • 143 is the reflected light. Due to the existence of the color rendering structure, both the refracted light 142 and the reflected light 143 have colors, and the refracted light 142 and the reflected light 143 may have different colors.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a schematic structural diagram of a reflective optical variable anti-counterfeiting element, including a reflective optical variable anti-counterfeiting element 2, wherein 21 is a base material, and the thickness of the base material can be 7-15 micron PET plastic.
  • 22 is a concave mirror type focusing unit with a height of 8 microns and a base diameter of 40 microns. The focusing unit can be fabricated on the upper part of the PET substrate by means of UV imprinting.
  • 221 is a color developing structure on the surface of the concave mirror, specifically a subwavelength structure with a period of 300 nanometers.
  • 222 is a coating layer on the surface of the color-developing structure, which may be a ZnS (zinc sulfide) material with a thickness of 100 nanometers, or a metal Al (aluminum) material with a thickness of 10 nanometers.
  • 23 is a micro-graphic layer, which can be made by nano-printing, etc., and can be one or more colors.
  • 241 is the incident light, which is reflected by the concave mirror to form the reflected light 242, that is, the above-mentioned focusing point is sampled. Due to the existence of the color rendering structure 221 on the surface of the concave mirror and the coating layer 222 on the surface of the color rendering structure, the reflected light 242 can have a color.
  • the spacer layer is colorless and transparent or colored and transparent.
  • the incident light is irradiated to the micrographic unit layer or the microfocusing unit layer through the spacer layer, and the utilization rate of light can be improved in the transparent spacer layer or the at least partially transparent spacer layer.
  • the thickness of the spacer layer is related to the focal length of the micro-focusing unit, and the micro-graphics and text unit should be placed near the focal length to achieve the best image clarity.
  • the micro-focusing unit includes at least one of a refractive-type convex lens and a reflective-type concave mirror, and the micro-focusing unit belongs to a Fresnel-type focusing structure.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a micro-focusing element, wherein 31 is a micro-focusing unit structure with a smooth, continuous height change, and the shape of the above-mentioned micro-focusing unit structure can be spherical Part of the ellipsoid, part of the paraboloid, etc., the purpose of the shape setting is to better converge the incident light to a point, or to form the incident light into parallel outgoing light.
  • 32 is a Fresnel-type micro-focusing element, the structure retains the arc area that acts on the light, and removes the propagation height of the light without deflection, thereby reducing the overall height of the light.
  • the micro-focusing unit includes a refractive convex lens, which can focus the incident light with an aperture of several tens of microns to an area of several microns, so as to sample a specific area of the micro-graphics unit layer and enlarge it to the aperture of the convex lens size.
  • the micro-focusing unit also includes a reflective concave mirror, which can reflect the color of a few microns of the micro-graphics unit into outgoing light with a diameter of several tens of microns. The area is sampled and enlarged to the aperture size of the concave mirror.
  • the advantage of this configuration is that thinner spacer thicknesses or larger concave mirror diameters can be used.
  • a preferred structure of the micro-focusing unit is to use a Fresnel-type focusing structure. The folded propagation height is removed, thereby reducing the overall height of the light.
  • the color rendering structure includes at least one of a subwavelength structure and a diffractive structure, and the feature size of the subwavelength structure in at least one direction is smaller than the first size; the feature size has periodicity in at least one direction.
  • the characteristic size of the sub-wavelength structure in at least one direction of X and Y is smaller than a first size, wherein the first size It can be set to 0.6 microns, and the sub-wavelength structure can split and absorb light in various ways and produce color characteristics.
  • a one-dimensional grating with a period of 300-400 nanometers, with a high-refractive-index dielectric material of 100-150 nanometers on the surface can produce a spectral effect to form complementary colors of transmission and reflection, and this effect increases with the light. change according to the polarization direction.
  • a two-dimensional grating with a period of 300-400 nanometers after a metal material with a high concentration of free electrons on the surface, can generate plasmon resonance absorption for a specific wavelength band of the incident light, resulting in the same or different reflection and transmission directions. color.
  • the undulation height of these sub-wavelength structures is generally only 100-200 nanometers, and when they cover the surface of the micro-focusing unit, the focusing effect of the micro-focusing unit is basically not negatively affected.
  • the color rendering structure includes at least one of a subwavelength structure and a diffractive structure, and the diffractive structure has a feature size in at least one direction in a second size interval, and the diffractive structure includes varying feature sizes.
  • At least part of the microfocusing surface is provided with a color developing structure.
  • the characteristic size of the diffractive structure in at least one direction in X or Y is in a second size range, wherein the second size range can be set 1-10 microns.
  • the color rendering structure on the micro-focusing surface is a diffractive structure
  • the color rendering structure can diffract visible light in the transmission and reflection directions, and generate rainbow colors.
  • a sinusoidal grating structure or a rectangular grating structure is used to achieve the above Effect, these gratings can be one-dimensional or two-dimensional.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a color rendering structure, wherein 41 is a two-dimensional sub-wavelength structure, and the above-mentioned sub-wavelength structure has the same period in the X and Y directions, both are 300-400 nanometers, The modulation depth is 125-150 nm.
  • the covered convex lens has a diameter of 30 microns and an overall height of 12 microns. If a one-dimensional sub-wavelength structure is used and covered with a metal coating, then polarized light can be formed in the reflection and transmission directions, so that the color of the dynamic features also has polarization characteristics.
  • the covered convex lens 42 is a one-dimensional diffraction structure with a period of 2 microns and a modulation depth of 125-150 nm.
  • the covered convex lens has a diameter of 30 microns and an overall height of 12 microns.
  • 43 is a two-dimensional random diffraction structure, the feature size in the X and Y directions is 3 microns, the modulation depth is 400 nanometers, and a binary step structure is formed on the convex lens.
  • the covered convex lens has a diameter of 30 microns and an overall height of 12 microns.
  • the color rendering structure 44 as shown modulates the convex lens covered by it into a multi-step concentric ring structure, and the step height difference between adjacent rings is 400 nanometers.
  • the step width is 1-5 microns.
  • the covered convex lens has a diameter of 30 microns and an overall height of 12 microns.
  • the diffractive structures comprise binary structures with uniform height differences.
  • rectangular diffractive structures with varying feature sizes can be used, and these diffractive structures have uniform height differences.
  • the microfocusing unit can become a uniform height difference multi-step structure.
  • diffractive structures with different feature sizes produce consistent colors, while in the diffraction direction they have complementary colors. Due to the change in feature size, diffracted light has different diffraction angles, resulting in scattered visual characteristics. Furthermore, the diffraction angle of the diffracted light can be controlled by controlling the feature size of the rectangular diffractive structure, and different feature sizes can be set in different regions, so that these regions can be seen to light up in sequence at different angles, thus enabling dynamic features.
  • the undulating height of these diffractive structures is generally only 300-500 nanometers. When covering the surface of the micro-focusing unit, it will not have a negative impact on the focusing of the micro-focusing unit. At the same time, diffractive structures can be added to the micro-focusing unit to make it become In the multi-step structure with the same height, the height difference between adjacent steps is the same, and the height of the steps can have an effective interference effect on the incident light, thereby generating color characteristics, wherein the color has a polarization characteristic.
  • the surface of the color rendering structure includes at least one of a metal coating, a high-refractive index coating, and a laminated structure of a metal and a medium.
  • Color rendering structures often require the use of coatings to absorb or split light and increase color brightness.
  • the coating can be metal coatings such as Al (aluminum) and Ag (silver), or high refractive index coatings such as ZnS (zinc sulfide), TiO2 (titanium dioxide), etc.
  • the refractive index of the above-mentioned metal coating medium is 1.8-2.2, so The color rendering structure coated with the above-mentioned metal coating layer on the surface can still have sufficient reflective ability under the circumstance that the ambient refractive index is 1.4-1.5.
  • a laminated structure of metal and medium can also be used, such as a "medium/metal/medium” or "metal/medium/metal” structure.
  • a laminated structure of metal and medium can also be used, such as a "medium/metal/medium” or "metal/medium/metal” structure.
  • the refractive index of the color rendering structure is at least 0.3 higher than that of the surrounding material when the rate dielectric coating is used.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a coating structure used for the color developing structure and the surface of the micro-focusing element, including the coating structure 5 of the color-developing structure, and the micro-focusing element includes a micro-focusing unit, wherein 50 is a The micro-focusing element, some of which are provided with a color rendering structure 54 and some of which are provided with a micro-focusing unit 55 .
  • the surfaces of the area with the color developing structure 54 and the area with the micro-focusing unit 55 are covered with the first plating layer 51 , the second plating layer 52 and the third plating layer 53 in the same type.
  • the area with the color rendering structure 54 and the area with the micro-focusing unit 55 can provide reflected light or transmitted light of different colors.
  • the dynamic feature includes at least one of translation, rotation, scaling, deformation, looming, yin-yang transformation, wherein translation is present in one direction or in multiple directions.
  • the dynamic feature can be one or a combination of translation, rotation, scaling, deformation, looming, and yin-yang transformation.
  • the motion state in the dynamic feature can be designed to move the design pattern in a specific direction, or can be designed to move in multiple directions, and the motion direction of the dynamic feature is associated with the viewing direction.
  • a commonly used combination feature is that when the position of the design pattern changes, its shape also changes, for example, it can be changed from a circle to a square.
  • the dynamic pattern can have orthogonal parallax motion behavior, that is, the motion direction of the pattern is always perpendicular to the change of the observation direction, which further attracts the attention of the observer through the phenomenon that is different from the intuition in the traditional concept.
  • the movement of the design pattern can create a three-dimensional effect that floats above or below the plane of the element through the principle of horizontal parallax between the eyes.
  • the pattern may also include a plurality of sub-patterns exhibiting the same or different motion behaviors and/or the same or different flying heights or floating depths.
  • the pattern may include at least a first curve and a second curve, and when viewed from the first viewing direction or the second viewing direction, respectively, these curves appear to be located at the center of the first area or the second area, respectively.
  • the first target curve or the second target curve When the security element is tilted, the first target curve and the second target curve preferably move in different (preferably opposite) directions, resulting in a particularly dynamic appearance. It will be appreciated that, in the same way, the pattern of the security element may also comprise more than two curves which may move in the same or different directions when the security element is tilted.
  • a curve in the form of an alphanumeric string can alternately exhibit different motion behaviors, such as alternately floating above or below the plane of a flat pattern area, and move according to its floating height when tilted, which can improve anti-counterfeiting through a unique dynamic feature
  • the anti-counterfeiting resistance of components increases the difficulty of copying and counterfeiting.
  • Fig. 6 schematically shows a schematic diagram of the design of two dynamic regions with color contrast, wherein on the side of the dividing line 65 is a micro-focusing unit 61 without a color-rendering structure, and the corresponding one is the first A microtext unit 63 is designed as the letter "A". On the other hand, on the other side of the dividing line 65 is a micro-focusing unit 62 with a color-developing structure, and correspondingly, the second micro-graphics and text unit 64 is designed as the letter "B". Under such setting, one side of the dividing line 65 presents a dynamic characteristic with a different color from the other side.
  • the anti-counterfeiting element can be applied to the field of printing technology by at least one of anti-counterfeiting threads, anti-counterfeiting strips and anti-counterfeiting labels.
  • Anti-counterfeiting elements can be applied to physical objects through applications such as anti-counterfeiting threads, anti-counterfeiting strips and anti-counterfeiting labels, while anti-counterfeiting elements or anti-counterfeiting products of the same type can be used for data carriers, for example, anti-counterfeiting elements or anti-counterfeiting products are arranged in the opaque area of the data carrier. in or above the transparent window area or through-opening in the data carrier.
  • the data carrier can be a document of value, such as banknotes, especially paper banknotes, polymer banknotes or film composite banknotes, stocks, warrants, certificates, tickets, checks, high-value admissions vouchers, but also identification cards, such as credit cards, bank cards, cash cards, authorization cards, personal ID cards, or personal information pages such as passports.
  • banknotes especially paper banknotes, polymer banknotes or film composite banknotes, stocks, warrants, certificates, tickets, checks, high-value admissions vouchers
  • identification cards such as credit cards, bank cards, cash cards, authorization cards, personal ID cards, or personal information pages such as passports.
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a dynamic anti-counterfeiting element used on a banknote, wherein the banknote 7 is provided with a transparent opening area 71 .
  • the banknote 7 has an optically variable security element of the invention, which is embedded in the banknote 7 in the form of a window security thread 73 .
  • the anti-counterfeiting element can also be used in the form of a label 72 or a form of anti-counterfeiting strip 74, and the anti-counterfeiting element covers the banknote 7 to form a transparent opening area 71, which is convenient for transparent observation.
  • the present invention is not limited to security threads and banknotes, but can be used in various security elements, such as in labels on goods and packages, or in security documents, ID cards, passports, credit cards, health cards, etc. middle.
  • security documents ID cards, passports, credit cards, health cards, etc. middle.
  • wider security strips or transfer elements can be used, for example.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

An anti-counterfeiting element (1, 2). The anti-counterfeiting element (1, 2) comprises a spacer layer, wherein the spacer layer comprises: a first surface, which comprises a micro-focusing unit (12, 22, 32, 50), a partial region of a surface of the micro-focusing unit (12, 22, 32, 50) including a color rendering structure (54), and the micro-focusing unit (12, 22, 32, 50) being used for sampling, magnifying and displaying a micro-image-text unit (63, 64), so as to present a colored dynamic feature on at least one of the first surface and a second surface; and a second surface, which comprises at least one micro-image-text unit (63, 64). By means of an optically variable anti-counterfeiting element capable of presenting a dynamic feature, a stereoscopic impression that is obviously located on a surface can be produced, and is difficult to replicate and imitate, thereby improving the anti-counterfeiting resistance of the anti-counterfeiting element.

Description

一种防伪元件An anti-counterfeiting element
相关申请的交叉引用CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
本申请要求于2021年02月03日提交至中国专利局、申请号为202110190616.X，申请名称为“一种防伪元件”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。This application claims the priority of the Chinese patent application with the application number 202110190616.X and the application name "An anti-counterfeiting element", which was submitted to the China Patent Office on February 3, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated into this application by reference .
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光学防伪领域，具体地涉及一种防伪元件。The invention relates to the field of optical anti-counterfeiting, in particular to an anti-counterfeiting element.
背景技术Background technique
防伪技术主要包括激光防伪、荧光防伪、磁性防伪以及温变防伪等。然而，传统的防伪技术普遍存在着以下不足：技术含量低，结构组合简单且容易被复制。例如传统的荧光油墨、磁性油墨、温变油墨等防伪方法的技术方案就是在产品的特定部位，用专用油墨印上特定的图形符号，再通过专门的手段去检测。随着技术的进步和发展，这些方法很容易被假冒者破译和利用。且仿伪标记容易被普遍使用，例如一家企业，一旦确定使用某种防伪方法和标记，就会在企业内部的产品上大量使用，那么仿造者也存在大批量仿造的可能性。在传统的防伪技术中一些防伪标记过于专业化，即使有些防伪标记虽不易仿冒，但也很难鉴别，例如，在防伪标记的制造过程中加入了一些不可再现的特殊信息，仿造者如果要仿造出完全一样的防伪标识几乎是不可能的。然而，正是这种微小的差别同样也让消费者感到困惑，因为要识别这些有特殊信息的防伪标记，要借助专门的技术或工具。不同的防伪标识有不同的鉴别方法，面对各种防伪标识，消费者不可能逐一掌握，而消费者不能鉴别防伪标识的真伪，再好的防伪标识也会失去其作用。Anti-counterfeiting technologies mainly include laser anti-counterfeiting, fluorescent anti-counterfeiting, magnetic anti-counterfeiting and temperature-varying anti-counterfeiting. However, the traditional anti-counterfeiting technology generally has the following shortcomings: low technical content, simple structure combination and easy to be copied. For example, the technical solution of anti-counterfeiting methods such as traditional fluorescent ink, magnetic ink, temperature-change ink, etc. is to print specific graphic symbols with special ink on specific parts of the product, and then use special means to detect. As technology advances and develops, these methods are easily deciphered and exploited by counterfeiters. In addition, counterfeit marks are easy to be widely used. For example, once an enterprise determines to use a certain anti-counterfeiting method and mark, it will be used in large quantities on the products within the enterprise, so there is also the possibility of counterfeiting in large quantities. In traditional anti-counterfeiting technology, some anti-counterfeiting marks are too specialized. Even though some anti-counterfeiting marks are not easy to counterfeit, they are difficult to identify. For example, some irreproducible special information is added in the manufacturing process of anti-counterfeiting marks. It is almost impossible to produce the exact same anti-counterfeiting logo. However, it is this slight difference that also confuses consumers, because to identify these anti-counterfeiting marks with special information, special techniques or tools are required. Different anti-counterfeiting signs have different identification methods. Faced with various anti-counterfeiting signs, consumers cannot master them one by one, and consumers cannot identify the authenticity of anti-counterfeiting signs, even the best anti-counterfeiting signs will lose their function.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明实施例的目的是提供一种防伪元件，用于解决目前传统防伪技术中防伪阻力小，以及传统防伪技术容易被复制和仿造的问题。The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an anti-counterfeiting element, which is used to solve the problems of low anti-counterfeiting resistance in the current traditional anti-counterfeiting technology, and that the traditional anti-counterfeiting technology is easy to be copied and counterfeited.
为了实现上述目的，本发明第一方面提供一种防伪元件，防伪元件包括间隔层，间隔层包括：第一表面，包括微聚焦单元，微聚焦单元表面的部分区域包含显色结构，微聚焦单元用于对微图文单元进行采样和放大显示，以在第一表面和第二表面中的至少一侧呈现带有颜色的动感特征；第二表面，包括至少一个微图文单元。In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides an anti-counterfeiting element, the anti-counterfeiting element includes a spacer layer, and the spacer layer includes: a first surface including a micro-focusing unit, a partial area of the surface of the micro-focusing unit includes a color developing structure, and the micro-focusing unit It is used for sampling and enlarged display of the micrographic text unit, so as to present dynamic features with color on at least one side of the first surface and the second surface; the second surface includes at least one micrographic text unit.
在本发明实施例中，间隔层为无色透明或有色透明。In the embodiment of the present invention, the spacer layer is colorless and transparent or colored and transparent.
在本发明实施例中，颜色具有偏振特性。In an embodiment of the present invention, the color has a polarizing characteristic.
在本发明实施例中，微聚焦单元包括折射型的凸透镜和反射型的凹面镜中的至少一种，且微聚焦单元属于菲涅尔型聚焦结构。In the embodiment of the present invention, the micro-focusing unit includes at least one of a refractive type convex lens and a reflective type concave mirror, and the micro-focusing unit belongs to a Fresnel type focusing structure.
在本发明实施例中，显色结构包括亚波长结构和衍射结构中的至少一种。In the embodiment of the present invention, the color developing structure includes at least one of a subwavelength structure and a diffractive structure.
在本发明实施例中，亚波长结构至少在一个方向上的特征尺寸小于第一尺寸；特征尺寸至少在一个方向上具有周期性。In the embodiment of the present invention, the feature size of the subwavelength structure in at least one direction is smaller than the first size; the feature size has periodicity in at least one direction.
在本发明实施例中，衍射结构至少在一个方向上的特征尺寸处于第二尺寸区间，衍射结构包括变化的所述特征尺寸。In an embodiment of the present invention, the feature size of the diffractive structure in at least one direction is in the second size range, and the diffractive structure includes the varying feature size.
在本发明实施例中，衍射结构包括具有一致高度差的二元结构。In an embodiment of the present invention, the diffractive structure includes a binary structure having a uniform height difference.
在本发明实施例中，显色结构表面包括金属镀层、高折射率镀层、金属和介质的叠层结构中的至少一种。In the embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the color developing structure includes at least one of a metal coating layer, a high refractive index coating layer, and a laminated structure of a metal and a medium.
在本发明实施例中，动感特征包括平动、转动、缩放、变形、隐现、阴阳转换中的至少一种，其中平动呈现在一个方向上或多个方向上。In this embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic feature includes at least one of translation, rotation, scaling, deformation, looming, and yin-yang transformation, wherein translation is present in one direction or in multiple directions.
在本发明实施例中，防伪元件可通过防伪线、防伪条和防伪标中的至少一种方式应用于印刷技术领域。In the embodiment of the present invention, the anti-counterfeiting element can be applied to the field of printing technology by at least one of the anti-counterfeiting lines, the anti-counterfeiting strips, and the anti-counterfeiting labels.
上述技术方案，通过采用具有微聚焦单元和微图文单元的光学可变防伪元件能够产生明显的位于防伪元件实际表面的立体感，即能够产生正交视差 运动，且该光学可变防伪元件难以被复制和仿造，具有辨识度高和防伪阻力大的优点。The above technical solution, by using an optically variable anti-counterfeiting element with a micro-focusing unit and a micro-graphics unit, can produce an obvious three-dimensional effect on the actual surface of the anti-counterfeiting element, that is, orthogonal parallax motion can be generated, and the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is difficult to achieve. It has the advantages of high recognition and anti-counterfeiting resistance.
本发明实施例的其它特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。Other features and advantages of embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the detailed description section that follows.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图是用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明实施例，但并不构成对本发明实施例的限制。在附图中：The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification, and are used to explain the embodiments of the present invention together with the following specific embodiments, but do not constitute limitations to the embodiments of the present invention. In the attached image:
图1示意性示出了根据本发明实施例的一种折射型光学可变防伪元件的结构示意图；1 schematically shows a schematic structural diagram of a refractive optical variable anti-counterfeiting element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2示意性示出了根据本发明实施例的一种反射型光学可变防伪元件的结构示意图；FIG. 2 schematically shows a schematic structural diagram of a reflective optical variable anti-counterfeiting element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3示意性示出了根据本发明实施例的一种微聚焦元件的结构示意图；FIG. 3 schematically shows a schematic structural diagram of a micro-focusing element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4示意性示出了根据本发明实施例的四种在球面凸透镜上可采用的显色结构的示意图；4 schematically shows a schematic diagram of four color rendering structures that can be used on a spherical convex lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图5示意性示出了根据本发明实施例的用于显色结构和微聚焦元件表面的一种镀层结构示意图；FIG. 5 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a coating structure for a color developing structure and a surface of a microfocusing element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图6示意性示出了根据本发明实施例的具有颜色对比的两个动感区域设计示意图；FIG. 6 schematically shows a schematic diagram of the design of two dynamic areas with color contrast according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图7示意性示出了根据本发明实施例的用于钞票上的动感防伪元件示意图。FIG. 7 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a dynamic anti-counterfeiting element used on a banknote according to an embodiment of the present invention.
附图标记说明Description of reference numerals
1、折射型的光学可变防伪元件；    11、基材；1. Refraction-type optically variable anti-counterfeiting element; 11. Substrate;
12、凸透镜类型的聚焦单元；           13、微图文单元层；12. Convex lens type focusing unit; 13. Micrographic unit layer;
121、凸透镜表面的第一种的显色结构；  122、凸透镜表面的第二种的显色结构；121. The first color rendering structure on the surface of the convex lens; 122. The second color rendering structure on the surface of the convex lens;
123、显色结构表面的镀层；            141、入射光；123. Coating on the surface of the color rendering structure; 141. Incident light;
142、折射光；                        143、反射光；142, refracted light; 143, reflected light;
2、反射型的光学可变防伪元件；        21、基材；2. Reflective optically variable anti-counterfeiting element; 21. Substrate;
22、凹面镜类型的聚焦单元；           23、微图文层；22. Concave mirror type focusing unit; 23. Micrographic layer;
221、凹面镜表面的显色结构；          222、显色结构表面的镀层；221. The color rendering structure on the surface of the concave mirror; 222. The coating on the surface of the color rendering structure;
241、入射光；                        242、反射光；241. Incident light; 242. Reflected light;
31、平滑的、连续高度变化的微聚焦单元结构；31. Smooth, continuous height change micro-focusing unit structure;
32、菲涅尔型的微聚焦元件；           41、二维的亚波长结构；32. Fresnel-type micro-focusing element; 41. Two-dimensional subwavelength structure;
42、一维的衍射结构；                 43、二维的随机衍射结构；42. One-dimensional diffraction structure; 43. Two-dimensional random diffraction structure;
44、显色结构；                       5、显色结构的镀层结构；44. Color rendering structure; 5. Coating structure of color rendering structure;
50、微聚焦元件；                     51、第一镀层；50. Micro-focusing element; 51. The first coating layer;
52、第二镀层；                       53、第三镀层；52. The second coating; 53. The third coating;
54、显色结构；                       55、微聚焦单元；54. Color development structure; 55. Micro-focusing unit;
61、未带有显色结构的微聚焦单元；61. Micro-focusing unit without color developing structure;
62、带有显色结构的微聚焦单元；       63、第一微图文单元；62. A micro-focusing unit with a color-developing structure; 63. The first micro-graphics unit;
64、第二微图文单元；                 65、分界线64. The second micro-graphics unit; 65. Demarcation line
7、钞票；                            71、透明开孔区域；7. Banknotes; 71. Transparent opening area;
72、贴标；                           73、窗口防伪线；72. Labeling; 73. Window security line;
74、防伪条。74. Anti-counterfeiting strips.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明实施例的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解 的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明实施例，并不用于限制本发明实施例。The specific implementations of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that, the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the embodiments of the present invention, and are not used to limit the embodiments of the present invention.
需要说明，若本申请实施方式中有涉及方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)，则该方向性指示仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。It should be noted that if there are directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) involved in the embodiments of the present application, the directional indications are only used to explain a certain posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication also changes accordingly.
另外，若本申请实施方式中有涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述，则该“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施方式之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本申请要求的保护范围之内。In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present application, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for the purpose of description, and should not be construed as an indication or suggestion Its relative importance or implicitly indicates the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature delimited with "first", "second" may expressly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but must be based on the realization by those of ordinary skill in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be achieved, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist. , is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.
在一个实施例中，防伪元件包括间隔层，其中间隔层包括：第一表面，包括微聚焦单元，微聚焦单元表面的部分区域包含显色结构，微聚焦单元用于对微图文单元进行采样和放大显示，以在第一表面和第二表面中的至少一侧呈现带有颜色的动感特征；第二表面，包括至少一个微图文单元，其中第一表面和第二表面相对设置。In one embodiment, the anti-counterfeiting element includes a spacer layer, wherein the spacer layer includes: a first surface, including a micro-focusing unit, a partial area of the surface of the micro-focusing unit includes a color developing structure, and the micro-focusing unit is used for sampling the micro-text unit and enlarged display to present dynamic features with color on at least one side of the first surface and the second surface; the second surface includes at least one micro-graphics unit, wherein the first surface and the second surface are oppositely arranged.
如图1所示，图1示意性示出了一种折射型光学可变防伪元件的结构示意图，包括折射型的光学可变防伪元件1，其中11为基材，基材材料可以采用厚度为15-30微米的PET塑料。12为凸透镜类型的聚焦单元，其高度为8微米，底座直径为22微米，可采用UV压印等方式将聚焦单元制作于PET基材的上方部位。121为在凸透镜表面的第一种的显色结构，具体可设置为周期为300纳米的亚波长结构；122为在凸透镜表面的第二种的显色结构，可将凸透镜改造成为一种多台阶的形式。123为显色结构表面的镀层，可以 采用ZnS(硫化锌)材料，其厚度为100纳米。13为微图文单元层，可以通过纳米印刷等方式制作，可为一种或多种颜色。141为入射光，经凸透镜折射后形成折射光142，并聚焦于微图文单元的一个区域，即对上述聚焦点进行采样。143为反射光，由于显色结构的存在，折射光142和反射光143都具有颜色，折射光142与反射光143颜色可以不同。As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 schematically shows a schematic structural diagram of a refraction type optically variable anti-counterfeiting element, including a refraction type optically variable anti-counterfeiting element 1, wherein 11 is a base material, and the thickness of the base material can be 15-30 micron PET plastic. 12 is a convex lens type focusing unit with a height of 8 microns and a base diameter of 22 microns. The focusing unit can be fabricated on the upper part of the PET substrate by means of UV imprinting. 121 is the first color rendering structure on the surface of the convex lens, which can be specifically set as a sub-wavelength structure with a period of 300 nanometers; 122 is the second color rendering structure on the surface of the convex lens, which can transform the convex lens into a multi-step form. 123 is the coating layer on the surface of the color developing structure, and ZnS (zinc sulfide) material can be used, and its thickness is 100 nanometers. 13 is a micro-graphics and text unit layer, which can be fabricated by nano-printing, etc., and can be one or more colors. 141 is the incident light, which is refracted by the convex lens to form refracted light 142, and focused on an area of the micro-graphics unit, that is, the above-mentioned focusing point is sampled. 143 is the reflected light. Due to the existence of the color rendering structure, both the refracted light 142 and the reflected light 143 have colors, and the refracted light 142 and the reflected light 143 may have different colors.
如图2所示，图2示意性示出了一种反射型光学可变防伪元件的结构示意图，包括反射型的光学可变防伪元件2，其中21为基材，基材材料可采用厚度为7-15微米的PET塑料。22为凹面镜类型的聚焦单元，其高度为8微米，底座直径为40微米，可采用UV压印等方式将聚焦单元制作于PET基材的上方部位。221为在凹面镜表面的显色结构，具体可为周期为300纳米的亚波长结构。222为显色结构表面的镀层，可以采用ZnS(硫化锌)材料，其厚度为100纳米，或者为金属Al(铝)材料，厚度为10纳米。23为微图文层，可以通过纳米印刷等方式制作，可为一种或多种颜色。241为入射光，经凹面镜反射后形成反射光242，即对上述聚焦点进行采样。因凹面镜表面的显色结构221和显色结构表面的镀层222的存在，使得反射光242可具有颜色。As shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 2 schematically shows a schematic structural diagram of a reflective optical variable anti-counterfeiting element, including a reflective optical variable anti-counterfeiting element 2, wherein 21 is a base material, and the thickness of the base material can be 7-15 micron PET plastic. 22 is a concave mirror type focusing unit with a height of 8 microns and a base diameter of 40 microns. The focusing unit can be fabricated on the upper part of the PET substrate by means of UV imprinting. 221 is a color developing structure on the surface of the concave mirror, specifically a subwavelength structure with a period of 300 nanometers. 222 is a coating layer on the surface of the color-developing structure, which may be a ZnS (zinc sulfide) material with a thickness of 100 nanometers, or a metal Al (aluminum) material with a thickness of 10 nanometers. 23 is a micro-graphic layer, which can be made by nano-printing, etc., and can be one or more colors. 241 is the incident light, which is reflected by the concave mirror to form the reflected light 242, that is, the above-mentioned focusing point is sampled. Due to the existence of the color rendering structure 221 on the surface of the concave mirror and the coating layer 222 on the surface of the color rendering structure, the reflected light 242 can have a color.
在一个实施例中，间隔层为无色透明或有色透明。In one embodiment, the spacer layer is colorless and transparent or colored and transparent.
具体地，入射光通过间隔层照射至微图文单元层或微聚焦单元层，在透明的间隔层或至少部分透明的间隔层能够提高光线的利用率。其中间隔层的厚度与微聚焦单元的焦距相关，微图文单元应置于焦距附近，此时便能够达到最佳的图像清晰度。Specifically, the incident light is irradiated to the micrographic unit layer or the microfocusing unit layer through the spacer layer, and the utilization rate of light can be improved in the transparent spacer layer or the at least partially transparent spacer layer. The thickness of the spacer layer is related to the focal length of the micro-focusing unit, and the micro-graphics and text unit should be placed near the focal length to achieve the best image clarity.
在一个实施例中，微聚焦单元包括折射型的凸透镜和反射型的凹面镜中的至少一种，且微聚焦单元属于菲涅尔型聚焦结构。In one embodiment, the micro-focusing unit includes at least one of a refractive-type convex lens and a reflective-type concave mirror, and the micro-focusing unit belongs to a Fresnel-type focusing structure.
如图3所示，图3示意性示出了一种微聚焦元件的结构示意图，其中31为一种平滑的、连续高度变化的微聚焦单元结构，上述微聚焦单元结构的外 形可以为球面的一部分、椭球面的一部分、抛物面的一部分等等，外形设置的目的是将入射光较好的汇聚于一点，或将入射光形成平行出射光。32为菲涅尔型的微聚焦元件，该结构将对光线产生作用的弧面区域保留下来，而把对光线无偏折的传播高度去除，从而降低其光线总体高度。As shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 3 schematically shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a micro-focusing element, wherein 31 is a micro-focusing unit structure with a smooth, continuous height change, and the shape of the above-mentioned micro-focusing unit structure can be spherical Part of the ellipsoid, part of the paraboloid, etc., the purpose of the shape setting is to better converge the incident light to a point, or to form the incident light into parallel outgoing light. 32 is a Fresnel-type micro-focusing element, the structure retains the arc area that acts on the light, and removes the propagation height of the light without deflection, thereby reducing the overall height of the light.
微聚焦单元中包括折射型凸透镜，这种元件可将口径为几十微米的入射光聚集至几个微米的区域，以针对微图文单元层的特定的区域进行采样，并放大至凸透镜的口径大小。微聚焦单元还包括反射型凹面镜，这种元件可将微图文单元的几个微米的区域的颜色反射为口径为几十微米的出射光，本质上也可以针对微图文单元层的特定的区域进行采样，并放大至凹面镜的口径大小。这种结构的优势为可以使用更薄的间隔层厚度或更大的凹面镜直径。为减少微聚焦单元的高度，微聚焦单元一种优选的结构为采用菲涅尔型聚焦结构，菲涅尔型聚焦结构将对光线产生作用的弧面区域保留下来，并能够把对光线无偏折的传播高度去除，从而降低光线总体高度。The micro-focusing unit includes a refractive convex lens, which can focus the incident light with an aperture of several tens of microns to an area of several microns, so as to sample a specific area of the micro-graphics unit layer and enlarge it to the aperture of the convex lens size. The micro-focusing unit also includes a reflective concave mirror, which can reflect the color of a few microns of the micro-graphics unit into outgoing light with a diameter of several tens of microns. The area is sampled and enlarged to the aperture size of the concave mirror. The advantage of this configuration is that thinner spacer thicknesses or larger concave mirror diameters can be used. In order to reduce the height of the micro-focusing unit, a preferred structure of the micro-focusing unit is to use a Fresnel-type focusing structure. The folded propagation height is removed, thereby reducing the overall height of the light.
在一个实施例中，显色结构包括亚波长结构和衍射结构中的至少一种，且亚波长结构至少在一个方向上的特征尺寸小于第一尺寸；特征尺寸至少在一个方向上具有周期性。In one embodiment, the color rendering structure includes at least one of a subwavelength structure and a diffractive structure, and the feature size of the subwavelength structure in at least one direction is smaller than the first size; the feature size has periodicity in at least one direction.
在微聚焦单元的表面上至少部分区域带有显色结构，当显色结构为亚波长结构时，亚波长结构在X和Y中至少一个方向上的特征尺寸小于第一尺寸，其中第一尺寸可设置为0.6微米，且亚波长结构能够以多种方式对光线产生分光和吸收等作用并产生颜色特征。例如，周期为300-400纳米的一维光栅，在表面带有100-150纳米的高折射率介质材料后，可以在产生分光作用，形成透射和反射互补的颜色，且该作用随着光的偏振方向而改变。此外，周期为300-400纳米的二维光栅，在表面带有高自由电子浓度的金属材料后，可以对入射光的特定波段产生等离子体共振吸收，从而在反射和透射方向产生相同或不同的颜色。这些亚波长结构的起伏高度一般仅为100-200纳米， 覆盖至微聚焦单元表面时对微聚焦单元的聚焦作用基本不产生负面影响。At least a part of the surface of the micro-focusing unit is provided with a color developing structure. When the color developing structure is a sub-wavelength structure, the characteristic size of the sub-wavelength structure in at least one direction of X and Y is smaller than a first size, wherein the first size It can be set to 0.6 microns, and the sub-wavelength structure can split and absorb light in various ways and produce color characteristics. For example, a one-dimensional grating with a period of 300-400 nanometers, with a high-refractive-index dielectric material of 100-150 nanometers on the surface, can produce a spectral effect to form complementary colors of transmission and reflection, and this effect increases with the light. change according to the polarization direction. In addition, a two-dimensional grating with a period of 300-400 nanometers, after a metal material with a high concentration of free electrons on the surface, can generate plasmon resonance absorption for a specific wavelength band of the incident light, resulting in the same or different reflection and transmission directions. color. The undulation height of these sub-wavelength structures is generally only 100-200 nanometers, and when they cover the surface of the micro-focusing unit, the focusing effect of the micro-focusing unit is basically not negatively affected.
在一个实施例中，显色结构包括亚波长结构和衍射结构中的至少一种，且衍射结构至少在一个方向上的特征尺寸处于第二尺寸区间，衍射结构包括变化的特征尺寸。In one embodiment, the color rendering structure includes at least one of a subwavelength structure and a diffractive structure, and the diffractive structure has a feature size in at least one direction in a second size interval, and the diffractive structure includes varying feature sizes.
在微聚焦表面上至少部分区域带有显色结构，当显色结构为衍射结构时，衍射结构在X或Y中至少一个方向上的特征尺寸处于第二尺寸区间，其中第二尺寸区间可设置为1-10微米。在微聚焦表面上的显色结构为衍射结构时，此时显色结构可以在透射和反射方向对可见光产生衍射作用，并产生彩虹色，一般采用正弦型的光栅结构或者矩形的光栅结构实现上述效果，这些光栅可以是一维的，也可以是二维的。并且当衍射结构具有一致的高度差时，例如采用矩形光栅，且矩形光栅的高度差所产生的光程差与可见光波长相近时，其中光程差的计算方式如下：光程差＝2×高度差×折射率，此时可在几何反射方向通过干涉作用从而产生颜色。在上述情况下的矩形光栅的衍射光与干涉光的颜色呈现能够达到互补的效果。At least part of the microfocusing surface is provided with a color developing structure. When the color developing structure is a diffractive structure, the characteristic size of the diffractive structure in at least one direction in X or Y is in a second size range, wherein the second size range can be set 1-10 microns. When the color rendering structure on the micro-focusing surface is a diffractive structure, the color rendering structure can diffract visible light in the transmission and reflection directions, and generate rainbow colors. Generally, a sinusoidal grating structure or a rectangular grating structure is used to achieve the above Effect, these gratings can be one-dimensional or two-dimensional. And when the diffractive structure has a consistent height difference, for example, a rectangular grating is used, and the optical path difference generated by the height difference of the rectangular grating is similar to the wavelength of visible light, the calculation method of the optical path difference is as follows: Optical path difference=2×height Difference×refractive index, at this time, the color can be generated by interference in the direction of geometric reflection. In the above case, the color rendering of the diffracted light and the interference light of the rectangular grating can achieve a complementary effect.
如图4所示，图4示意性示出了一种显色结构的示意图，其中41为二维的亚波长结构，上述亚波长结构在X和Y方向周期相同，均为300-400纳米，调制深度为125-150纳米。所覆盖的凸透镜直径为30微米，总高度为12微米。如果采用一维的亚波长结构，并覆盖金属镀层，此时则可在反射和透射方向形成偏振光，从而动感特征的颜色相应的也是有偏振特性的。42为一维的衍射结构，周期为2微米，调制深度为125-150纳米。所覆盖的凸透镜直径为30微米，总高度为12微米。43为二维的随机衍射结构，在X和Y方向上的特征尺寸为3微米，调制深度为400纳米，并在凸透镜上形成二元的台阶结构。所覆盖的凸透镜直径为30微米，总高度为12微米。所示的显色结构44将其所覆盖的凸透镜调制为多台阶状的同心圆环结构，相邻圆环的台阶高度差为400纳米。台阶宽度为1-5微米。所覆盖的凸透镜直径 为30微米，总高度为12微米。As shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 4 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a color rendering structure, wherein 41 is a two-dimensional sub-wavelength structure, and the above-mentioned sub-wavelength structure has the same period in the X and Y directions, both are 300-400 nanometers, The modulation depth is 125-150 nm. The covered convex lens has a diameter of 30 microns and an overall height of 12 microns. If a one-dimensional sub-wavelength structure is used and covered with a metal coating, then polarized light can be formed in the reflection and transmission directions, so that the color of the dynamic features also has polarization characteristics. 42 is a one-dimensional diffraction structure with a period of 2 microns and a modulation depth of 125-150 nm. The covered convex lens has a diameter of 30 microns and an overall height of 12 microns. 43 is a two-dimensional random diffraction structure, the feature size in the X and Y directions is 3 microns, the modulation depth is 400 nanometers, and a binary step structure is formed on the convex lens. The covered convex lens has a diameter of 30 microns and an overall height of 12 microns. The color rendering structure 44 as shown modulates the convex lens covered by it into a multi-step concentric ring structure, and the step height difference between adjacent rings is 400 nanometers. The step width is 1-5 microns. The covered convex lens has a diameter of 30 microns and an overall height of 12 microns.
在一个实施例中，衍射结构包括具有一致高度差的二元结构。In one embodiment, the diffractive structures comprise binary structures with uniform height differences.
在光学可变防伪元件中，可以采用具有变化的特征尺寸的矩形衍射结构，同时这些衍射结构具有一致的高度差，当衍射结构增加时，微聚焦单元能够变为一致的高度差多台阶结构。在镜面反射方向，不同特征尺寸的衍射结构产生一致的颜色，而在衍射方向具有与之互补的颜色，由于特征尺寸的变化导致衍射光具有不同的衍射角度，从而产生散射的视觉特性。更进一步，可通过控制矩形衍射结构的特征尺寸控制衍射光的衍射角度，在不同的区域设置不同的特征尺寸，即可在不同的角度下看到这些区域依次亮起，从而能够动感特征。这些衍射结构的起伏高度一般仅为300-500纳米，覆盖至微聚焦单元表面时对微聚焦单元的聚焦作用不会产生负面影响，同时，可以在微聚焦单元上增加衍射结构，使之变为高度一致的多台阶结构，相邻台阶的高度差相一致，且台阶的高度可以对入射光产生有效的干涉作用，从而产生颜色特征，其中颜色具有偏振特性。In the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element, rectangular diffractive structures with varying feature sizes can be used, and these diffractive structures have uniform height differences. When the diffractive structures increase, the microfocusing unit can become a uniform height difference multi-step structure. In the specular reflection direction, diffractive structures with different feature sizes produce consistent colors, while in the diffraction direction they have complementary colors. Due to the change in feature size, diffracted light has different diffraction angles, resulting in scattered visual characteristics. Furthermore, the diffraction angle of the diffracted light can be controlled by controlling the feature size of the rectangular diffractive structure, and different feature sizes can be set in different regions, so that these regions can be seen to light up in sequence at different angles, thus enabling dynamic features. The undulating height of these diffractive structures is generally only 300-500 nanometers. When covering the surface of the micro-focusing unit, it will not have a negative impact on the focusing of the micro-focusing unit. At the same time, diffractive structures can be added to the micro-focusing unit to make it become In the multi-step structure with the same height, the height difference between adjacent steps is the same, and the height of the steps can have an effective interference effect on the incident light, thereby generating color characteristics, wherein the color has a polarization characteristic.
在一个实施例中，显色结构表面包括金属镀层、高折射率镀层、金属和介质的叠层结构中的至少一种。In one embodiment, the surface of the color rendering structure includes at least one of a metal coating, a high-refractive index coating, and a laminated structure of a metal and a medium.
显色结构通常需要利用镀层来产生对光的吸收或分光，并提高颜色亮度。所述镀层可以采用Al(铝)、Ag(银)等金属镀层，也可以采用ZnS(硫化锌)，TiO2(二氧化钛)等高折射率镀层，上述金属镀层介质的折射率为1.8-2.2，因此在表面上镀有上述金属镀层的显色结构可以在环境折射率为1.4-1.5的情况下，显色结构仍然具有足够的反射能力。在能够保证显色结构反射能力的情况下，还可以采用金属和介质的叠层结构，比如“介质/金属/介质”或“金属/介质/金属”结构，当显色结构表面镀有高折射率介质镀层时，显色结构的折射率至少比周围材料高0.3。Color rendering structures often require the use of coatings to absorb or split light and increase color brightness. The coating can be metal coatings such as Al (aluminum) and Ag (silver), or high refractive index coatings such as ZnS (zinc sulfide), TiO2 (titanium dioxide), etc. The refractive index of the above-mentioned metal coating medium is 1.8-2.2, so The color rendering structure coated with the above-mentioned metal coating layer on the surface can still have sufficient reflective ability under the circumstance that the ambient refractive index is 1.4-1.5. Under the condition that the reflective ability of the color rendering structure can be guaranteed, a laminated structure of metal and medium can also be used, such as a "medium/metal/medium" or "metal/medium/metal" structure. When the surface of the color rendering structure is coated with a high refractive index The refractive index of the color rendering structure is at least 0.3 higher than that of the surrounding material when the rate dielectric coating is used.
如图5所示，图5示意性示出了用于显色结构和微聚焦元件表面的一种 镀层结构示意图，包括显色结构的镀层结构5，微聚焦元件包括微聚焦单元，其中50是微聚焦元件，其中部分区域带有显色结构54，部分区域带有微聚焦单元55。在具有显色结构54的区域和具有微聚焦单元55的区域的表面同型覆盖着第一镀层51、第二镀层52和第三镀层53。具体可选择为Al(10纳米)/SiO 2(200纳米)/Al(10纳米)，ZnS(100纳米)/Al(20纳米)/ZnS(100纳米)，Al(15纳米)/SiO 2(400纳米)/Cr(5纳米)等材料。具有显色结构54的区域和具有微聚焦单元55的区域能够提供不同颜色的反射光或透射光。 As shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 5 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a coating structure used for the color developing structure and the surface of the micro-focusing element, including the coating structure 5 of the color-developing structure, and the micro-focusing element includes a micro-focusing unit, wherein 50 is a The micro-focusing element, some of which are provided with a color rendering structure 54 and some of which are provided with a micro-focusing unit 55 . The surfaces of the area with the color developing structure 54 and the area with the micro-focusing unit 55 are covered with the first plating layer 51 , the second plating layer 52 and the third plating layer 53 in the same type. Specifically, it can be selected as Al(10nm)/ SiO2 (200nm)/Al(10nm), ZnS(100nm)/Al(20nm)/ZnS(100nm), Al(15nm)/ SiO2 ( 400 nm)/Cr (5 nm) and other materials. The area with the color rendering structure 54 and the area with the micro-focusing unit 55 can provide reflected light or transmitted light of different colors.
在一个实施例中，动感特征包括平动、转动、缩放、变形、隐现、阴阳转换中的至少一种，其中平动呈现在一个方向上或多个方向上。In one embodiment, the dynamic feature includes at least one of translation, rotation, scaling, deformation, looming, yin-yang transformation, wherein translation is present in one direction or in multiple directions.
通过防伪元件中的多个微聚焦单元对微图文单元进行采样和放大，并对微图文单元进行设计，可控制在任何一个观察角度下所被采样和放大的区域，从而产生预期的动感特征。动感特征可为平动、转动、缩放、变形、隐现、阴阳转换的一种或组合。动感特征中的运动状态可以设计为设计图案在特定的一个方向运动，也可以设计为可以在多个方向运动，动感特征的运动方向与观察方向相关联。一种常用的组合特征为在设计图案位置发生变化的同时，其形状也发生变化，如可以通过圆形变化为方形。动感图案可以具有正交视差运动行为，即图案的运动方向始终与观察方向的改变相垂直，通过与传统观念中的直觉差异的现象进一步吸引观察者注意。设计图案的运动可通过双眼水平视差的原理产生漂浮在元件所在平面的上方或下方的立体感。其中图案还可包括呈现相同或不同的运动行为和/或相同或不同的漂浮高度或漂浮深度的多个子图案。进一步地，所述图案可包括至少第一曲线和第二曲线，当分别从第一观察方向或第二观察方向观察时，这些曲线分别呈现为位于第一区域或第二区域的中心位置处的第一目标曲线或第二目标曲线。当防伪元件倾斜时，第一目标曲线和第二目标曲线最好沿不同的(优选相反的)方向运 动，从而产生特别动态的外观。应理解，采用同样的方式，防伪元件的图案还可包括不止两个曲线，当防伪元件倾斜时，这些曲线可沿相同或不同的方向运动。例如，字母数字字符串形式的曲线可交替地显现不同的运动行为，例如交替地漂浮在平面图案区的平面上方或下方，并且在倾斜时按照其漂浮高度运动，通过特有的动感特征能够提高防伪元件的防伪阻力，增加了复制和仿造的难度。Sampling and magnifying the micro-text unit through multiple micro-focusing units in the anti-counterfeiting element, and designing the micro-text unit can control the sampled and magnified area under any observation angle, thereby producing the expected dynamic feeling feature. The dynamic feature can be one or a combination of translation, rotation, scaling, deformation, looming, and yin-yang transformation. The motion state in the dynamic feature can be designed to move the design pattern in a specific direction, or can be designed to move in multiple directions, and the motion direction of the dynamic feature is associated with the viewing direction. A commonly used combination feature is that when the position of the design pattern changes, its shape also changes, for example, it can be changed from a circle to a square. The dynamic pattern can have orthogonal parallax motion behavior, that is, the motion direction of the pattern is always perpendicular to the change of the observation direction, which further attracts the attention of the observer through the phenomenon that is different from the intuition in the traditional concept. The movement of the design pattern can create a three-dimensional effect that floats above or below the plane of the element through the principle of horizontal parallax between the eyes. The pattern may also include a plurality of sub-patterns exhibiting the same or different motion behaviors and/or the same or different flying heights or floating depths. Further, the pattern may include at least a first curve and a second curve, and when viewed from the first viewing direction or the second viewing direction, respectively, these curves appear to be located at the center of the first area or the second area, respectively. The first target curve or the second target curve. When the security element is tilted, the first target curve and the second target curve preferably move in different (preferably opposite) directions, resulting in a particularly dynamic appearance. It will be appreciated that, in the same way, the pattern of the security element may also comprise more than two curves which may move in the same or different directions when the security element is tilted. For example, a curve in the form of an alphanumeric string can alternately exhibit different motion behaviors, such as alternately floating above or below the plane of a flat pattern area, and move according to its floating height when tilted, which can improve anti-counterfeiting through a unique dynamic feature The anti-counterfeiting resistance of components increases the difficulty of copying and counterfeiting.
如图6所示，图6示意性示出了具有颜色对比的两个动感区域设计示意图，其中在分界线65一侧为未带有显色结构的微聚焦单元61，与之对应的为第一微图文单元63设计为字母“A”。相对的，分界线65另一侧为带有显色结构的微聚焦单元62，与之对应的为第二微图文单元64设计为字母“B”。如此设置下，分界线65一侧呈现出与另外一侧颜色不同的动感特征。As shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 6 schematically shows a schematic diagram of the design of two dynamic regions with color contrast, wherein on the side of the dividing line 65 is a micro-focusing unit 61 without a color-rendering structure, and the corresponding one is the first A microtext unit 63 is designed as the letter "A". On the other hand, on the other side of the dividing line 65 is a micro-focusing unit 62 with a color-developing structure, and correspondingly, the second micro-graphics and text unit 64 is designed as the letter "B". Under such setting, one side of the dividing line 65 presents a dynamic characteristic with a different color from the other side.
在一个实施例中，防伪元件可通过防伪线、防伪条和防伪标中的至少一种方式应用于印刷技术领域。In one embodiment, the anti-counterfeiting element can be applied to the field of printing technology by at least one of anti-counterfeiting threads, anti-counterfeiting strips and anti-counterfeiting labels.
防伪元件可以通过防伪线、防伪条和防伪标等应用方式应用于实体物品，同时防伪元件或相同类型的防伪产品可以用于数据载体，例如，将防伪元件或防伪产品布置在数据载体的不透明区中以及数据载体中的透明窗口区或贯通开口内或其上方。具体来说，所述数据载体尤其可以是有价文件，例如钞票，尤其是纸质钞票、聚合物材料钞票或薄膜复合材料钞票，股票、权证、证书、票券、支票、高价值的入场券，但是也可以是识别卡，例如***、银行卡、现金卡、授权卡、个人身份证、或护照等个人信息页。Anti-counterfeiting elements can be applied to physical objects through applications such as anti-counterfeiting threads, anti-counterfeiting strips and anti-counterfeiting labels, while anti-counterfeiting elements or anti-counterfeiting products of the same type can be used for data carriers, for example, anti-counterfeiting elements or anti-counterfeiting products are arranged in the opaque area of the data carrier. in or above the transparent window area or through-opening in the data carrier. In particular, the data carrier can be a document of value, such as banknotes, especially paper banknotes, polymer banknotes or film composite banknotes, stocks, warrants, certificates, tickets, checks, high-value admissions vouchers, but also identification cards, such as credit cards, bank cards, cash cards, authorization cards, personal ID cards, or personal information pages such as passports.
如图7所示，图7示意性示出用于钞票上的动感防伪元件示意图，其中钞票7上带有透明开孔区域71。该钞票7具有本发明的光学可变防伪元件，该防伪元件是窗口防伪线73的形式嵌入在钞票7之内。另外，还可以以贴标72的方式使用该防伪元件，或者以防伪条74的方式使用，并且该防伪元件覆盖在钞票7形成透明开孔区域71，便于透光观察。应理解，本发明不局 限于防伪线和钞票，而是可用于各种防伪元件，例如用在货物和包装上的标签中，或者用在防伪文件、身份证、护照、***、保健卡等之中。在钞票和类似文件中，除了防伪线和贴标之外，例如还可使用较宽的防伪条或转印元件。As shown in FIG. 7 , FIG. 7 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a dynamic anti-counterfeiting element used on a banknote, wherein the banknote 7 is provided with a transparent opening area 71 . The banknote 7 has an optically variable security element of the invention, which is embedded in the banknote 7 in the form of a window security thread 73 . In addition, the anti-counterfeiting element can also be used in the form of a label 72 or a form of anti-counterfeiting strip 74, and the anti-counterfeiting element covers the banknote 7 to form a transparent opening area 71, which is convenient for transparent observation. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to security threads and banknotes, but can be used in various security elements, such as in labels on goods and packages, or in security documents, ID cards, passports, credit cards, health cards, etc. middle. In bank notes and similar documents, in addition to security threads and labels, wider security strips or transfer elements can be used, for example.
还需要说明的是，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、商品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。It should also be noted that the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to encompass a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also Other elements not expressly listed, or which are inherent to such a process, method, article of manufacture, or apparatus are also included. Without further limitation, an element qualified by the phrase "comprising a..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article of manufacture or apparatus that includes the element.
以上仅为本申请的实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请。对于本领域技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原理之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。The above are merely examples of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations of this application are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of this application shall be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims (14)

  1. 一种防伪元件，其特征在于，所述防伪元件包括间隔层，所述间隔层包括：An anti-counterfeiting element, characterized in that the anti-counterfeiting element comprises a spacer layer, and the spacer layer comprises:
    第一表面，包括微聚焦单元，所述微聚焦单元表面的部分区域包含显色结构；The first surface includes a micro-focusing unit, and a partial area of the surface of the micro-focusing unit includes a color developing structure;
    第二表面，包括至少一个微图文单元，所述微聚焦单元用于对所述微图文单元进行采样和放大显示，以在所述第一表面和所述第二表面中的至少一侧呈现带有颜色的动感特征。The second surface includes at least one micro-text unit, and the micro-focusing unit is configured to sample and enlarge the micro-text unit to display on at least one side of the first surface and the second surface Renders dynamic features with color.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防伪元件，其特征在于，所述间隔层为无色透明或有色透明。The anti-counterfeiting element according to claim 1, wherein the spacer layer is colorless and transparent or colored and transparent.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的防伪元件，其特征在于，所述颜色具有偏振特性。The anti-counterfeiting element according to claim 1, wherein the color has a polarization characteristic.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的防伪元件，其特征在于，所述微聚焦单元包括折射型的凸透镜和反射型的凹面镜中的至少一种。The anti-counterfeiting element according to claim 1, wherein the micro-focusing unit comprises at least one of a refractive type convex lens and a reflective type concave mirror.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的防伪元件，其特征在于，所述微聚焦单元属于菲涅尔型聚焦结构。The anti-counterfeiting element according to claim 1, wherein the micro-focusing unit belongs to a Fresnel-type focusing structure.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的防伪元件，其特征在于，所述显色结构包括亚波长结构和衍射结构中的至少一种。The anti-counterfeiting element according to claim 1, wherein the color developing structure comprises at least one of a subwavelength structure and a diffractive structure.
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的防伪元件，其特征在于，所述亚波长结构至少在一个方向上的特征尺寸小于第一尺寸；所述特征尺寸至少在一个方向上具有周期性。The anti-counterfeiting element according to claim 5, wherein the feature size of the sub-wavelength structure in at least one direction is smaller than the first size; the feature size has periodicity in at least one direction.
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的防伪元件，其特征在于，所述衍射结构至少在一个方向上的特征尺寸处于第二尺寸区间，所述衍射结构包括变化的所述特征尺寸。The anti-counterfeiting element according to claim 5, wherein the feature size of the diffractive structure in at least one direction is in a second size range, and the diffractive structure includes the varying feature size.
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的防伪元件，其特征在于，所述衍射结构包括具有一致高度差的二元结构。The anti-counterfeiting element according to claim 5, wherein the diffractive structure comprises a binary structure with a uniform height difference.
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的防伪元件，其特征在于，所述显色结构表面包括金属镀层、高折射率镀层、金属和介质的叠层结构中的至少一种。The anti-counterfeiting element according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the color-developing structure comprises at least one of a metal coating, a high-refractive index coating, and a laminated structure of a metal and a medium.
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的防伪元件，其特征在于，所述动感特征包括平动、转动、缩放、变形、隐现、阴阳转换中的至少一种。The anti-counterfeiting element according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic features include at least one of translation, rotation, scaling, deformation, looming and yin-yang conversion.
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的防伪元件，其特征在于，所述平动呈现在一个方向上或多个方向上。11. The security element according to claim 10, wherein the translation is present in one direction or in multiple directions.
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的防伪元件，其特征在于，所述防伪元件通过防伪线、防伪条和防伪标中的至少一种方式应用于印刷技术领域。The anti-counterfeiting element according to claim 1, characterized in that, the anti-counterfeiting element is applied in the field of printing technology by at least one of anti-counterfeiting lines, anti-counterfeiting strips and anti-counterfeiting labels.
  14. 一种防伪产品，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求1至12中任意一项所述的防伪元件。An anti-counterfeiting product is characterized by comprising the anti-counterfeiting element according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
PCT/CN2022/075026 2021-02-03 2022-01-29 Anti-counterfeiting element WO2022166894A1 (en)

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