WO2022156455A1 - Power battery, thermal diffusion protection method of power battery, and vehicle - Google Patents
Power battery, thermal diffusion protection method of power battery, and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022156455A1 WO2022156455A1 PCT/CN2021/139482 CN2021139482W WO2022156455A1 WO 2022156455 A1 WO2022156455 A1 WO 2022156455A1 CN 2021139482 W CN2021139482 W CN 2021139482W WO 2022156455 A1 WO2022156455 A1 WO 2022156455A1
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- Prior art keywords
- power battery
- assembly
- module
- upper cover
- fireproof
- Prior art date
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012946 outsourcing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
- H01M50/358—External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
- H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present application relates to the technical field of vehicles, for example, to a power battery, a thermal diffusion protection method for a power battery, and a vehicle.
- the safety of power battery is very important to the safety of electric vehicle.
- the present application provides a power battery, a thermal diffusion protection method for a power battery, and a vehicle, which have high safety during thermal runaway.
- a power battery includes a casing and a module assembly placed in the casing, the casing includes an upper cover and a bottom plate that are fastened to each other, and the module assembly includes a plurality of modules that are electrically connected to each other , the upper cover or the bottom plate is provided with an explosion-proof valve, and the power battery also includes:
- a fireproof assembly arranged between the module assembly and the upper cover
- the exhaust channel is formed between the edge of the module assembly and the inner side wall of the housing, and the exhaust channel is communicated with the explosion-proof valve;
- the insulating assembly is arranged between two adjacent modules.
- the insulating assembly includes a side insulating plate and an end insulating plate, the side insulating plate is arranged on the side of the module, and the end insulating plate is arranged on the side of the module. Ends.
- the cross-sections of the side insulating plates and the end insulating plates are set to be L-shaped, and the short arms of the L-shaped side insulating plates are in contact with the top surface of the module.
- the long arm is in contact with the side surface of the module; the short arm of the L-shaped end insulating plate is in contact with the top surface of the module, and the long arm is in contact with the end surface of the module.
- the insulating assembly is clipped or bonded to the module.
- the fireproof assembly includes a fireproof board, and a thermal insulation layer disposed on the fireproof board and located between the fireproof board and the upper cover.
- the fireproof assembly is detachably connected to the bottom plate.
- the modules are arranged in a matrix, and the modules in adjacent rows are arranged at intervals to form a beam channel communicating with the exhaust channel.
- a pressure relief nut is provided on the upper cover, and the pressure relief nut is placed in the middle of the upper cover.
- a thermal diffusion method for a power battery using the power battery according to any one of the above solutions, the fireproof assembly and the insulating assembly can block the gas in the power battery during thermal runaway, and the gas can pass through the exhaust channel and flow out of the power battery through the explosion-proof valve.
- a vehicle comprising the power battery described in any of the above solutions.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a power battery provided by a specific embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fireproof assembly of a power battery provided by a specific embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 3 is a top view of a power battery hidden upper cover provided by a specific embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the upper cover, the pressure relief nut and the explosion-proof valve of the power battery provided by the specific embodiment of the present application.
- Fireproof assembly 21. Fireproof board; 22. Insulation layer; 23. Bolt; 24. Mounting hole;
- this embodiment provides a power battery for a vehicle
- the power battery includes a casing and a module assembly placed in the casing
- the casing includes an upper cover 11 and The bottom plate 12
- the module assembly includes a plurality of modules 13 that are electrically connected to each other
- the upper cover 11 or the bottom plate 12 is provided with an explosion-proof valve 14
- the power battery also includes a fireproof assembly 2, an exhaust channel 3 and an insulating assembly 4,
- the fireproof assembly 2 is arranged between the module assembly and the upper cover 11; an exhaust channel 3 is formed between the edge of the module assembly and the inner side wall of the casing, and the exhaust channel 3 is communicated with the explosion-proof valve 14;
- the insulation assembly 4 is arranged between two adjacent modules 13 .
- the exhaust channel 3 is formed between the edge of the matching module assembly and the inner side wall of the casing, so that when thermal runaway occurs inside the power battery, the gas can flow along the exhaust channel. 3 circulation, which avoids the damage to the module assembly caused by the gas running around in the power battery. Since the exhaust channel 3 is in communication with the explosion-proof valve 14, the gas in the exhaust channel 3 can eventually flow out of the power battery through the explosion-proof valve 14. The possibility of the danger of breaking through the shell is reduced, as well as the pressure on the shell, which prolongs the time for the shell to break and improves the gas diffusion effect; 2.
- the exhaust passage is arranged to guide the gas, so that the gas flows out of the power battery through the exhaust passage and the explosion-proof valve.
- the insulating assembly 4 disposed between the two adjacent modules 13 can effectively improve the chain reaction such as high voltage short circuit occurring inside the module assembly when the power battery is thermally out of control.
- the sealing connection between the upper cover 11 and the bottom plate 12 is IP67.
- two explosion-proof valves 14 are arranged on the upper cover 11, and the two explosion-proof valves 14 are arranged on opposite sides of the upper cover 11, and are close to one end of the power battery, which is beneficial to increase the outflow path of gas during thermal runaway.
- the explosion-proof valve 14 can balance the internal and external pressures when there is a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the power battery, and open when the internal pressure reaches a certain value, greatly increasing the exhaust volume of the power battery during thermal runaway, which can effectively reduce the pressure on the casing, delaying the delay. The time to rupture of the battery case, thereby improving the thermal diffusion protection effect. It is worth noting that the explosion-proof valve 14 can be obtained by outsourcing, and the installation and use methods thereof will not be repeated here.
- the modules 13 are arranged in a matrix, and adjacent rows of modules 13 are arranged at intervals to form a beam channel 31 that communicates with the exhaust channel 3, so as to increase the occurrence of internal combustion in the power battery, especially between adjacent rows of modules 13
- the gas flow path during thermal runaway can effectively prevent the harm caused by the gas running around inside the power battery, so that the gas can converge to the explosion-proof valve 14 through the beam channel 31 and the exhaust channel 3, and finally flow out of the power battery through the explosion-proof valve 14.
- the fireproof assembly 2 includes a fireproof board 21 and an insulating layer 22 disposed on the fireproof board 21 and located between the fireproof board 21 and the upper cover 11 .
- the fireproof board 21 is a plate-like structure and is made of a material with high strength, high temperature resistance and impact resistance, which can withstand the impact of the high temperature and high pressure gas released by the thermal runaway of the module 13 when the thermal runaway occurs in the module 13 without breaking, improving the power battery.
- the thermal insulation layer 22 is a foam layer, which can provide thermal insulation effect for the module assembly in the power battery; at the same time, the thermal insulation layer 22 is arranged between the fireproof board 21 and the upper cover 11 to effectively avoid mold Damage to the thermal insulation layer 22 in the event of thermal runaway of the assembly.
- the fireproof assembly 2 is detachably connected to the bottom plate 12 for easy installation and replacement.
- the fireproof plate 21 is provided with mounting holes 24 , and bolts 23 are inserted through the mounting holes 24 to be threadedly connected to the bottom plate 12 .
- the insulating assembly 4 of the power battery is made of a material that is resistant to high temperature shock and high voltage insulation.
- the insulating assembly 4 is a ceramic fiber composite material or a mica board.
- the insulating assembly 4 includes a side insulating plate 41 and an end insulating plate 42.
- the side insulating plate 41 is arranged on the side of the module 13, and the end insulating plate 42 is arranged at the end of the module 13, so as to ensure the adjacent modules. 13 have the effect of impact resistance insulation.
- the cross-sections of the side insulating plate 41 and the end insulating plate 42 are both set to be L-shaped, the short arm of the L-shaped side insulating plate 41 is in contact with the top surface of the module 13, and the long arm is in contact with the side surface of the module 13; The short arm of the L-shaped end insulating plate 42 is in contact with the top surface of the module 13 , and the long arm is in contact with the end surface of the module 13 .
- the insulation assembly 4 and the module 13 can be clamped or bonded, the clamping is firm, and the bonding is convenient, and those skilled in the art can determine the actual situation. to make a selection.
- the upper cover 11 is provided with a pressure relief hole 16, and the pressure relief hole 16 is provided with a pressure relief nut 15.
- the pressure relief nut 15 When the internal pressure of the power battery is too large, the pressure relief nut 15 will loosen and fall off due to the pressure, which will cause damage to the power battery. The internal gas is quickly discharged through the pressure relief hole 16.
- the pressure relief nut 15 is placed in the middle of the upper cover 11, and two are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the power battery.
- the specification of the pressure relief nut 15 can be M5 or M6.
- the fireproof assembly 2 can block the high temperature and high pressure gas to prevent the upper cover 11 from breaking through the power battery; when the high temperature and high pressure gas flows, the insulating assembly 4 can prevent the high temperature and high pressure gas from affecting other modules.
- the impact of 13 avoids causing a high-voltage arc; the exhaust channel 3 can guide the high-temperature and high-pressure gas to converge towards the explosion-proof valve 14; finally, the explosion-proof valve 14 is opened under the impact of the high-pressure gas, releasing the gas inside the power battery, and the pressure relief nut 15 protects the housing from being damaged. be destroyed, thereby preventing the generation of flames.
- This embodiment also discloses a thermal diffusion method for a power battery.
- the fireproof assembly 2 and the insulation assembly 3 can block the thermal runaway in the power battery.
- the gas can effectively prevent the gas from breaking through the upper cover 11 or causing a chain reaction such as a high-voltage short circuit inside the module assembly.
- the gas can flow out of the power battery through the exhaust channel 3 and the explosion-proof valve 14, ensuring that the power battery is thermally out of control. safety of the power battery.
- This embodiment also discloses a vehicle, including the power battery described in any of the above solutions.
- the terms “installed”, “connected” and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication between two elements.
- installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication between two elements.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed in the present application are a power battery, a thermal diffusion protection method of the power battery, and a vehicle. The power battery comprises a housing and a module assembly disposed in the housing, the housing comprises an upper cover and a bottom plate which are fastened to each other, the module assembly comprises a plurality of modules which are electrically connected to each other, an explosion-proof valve is disposed on the upper cover or the bottom plate, the power battery further comprises a fireproof assembly, an exhaust passage, and an insulating assembly, and the fireproof assembly is disposed between the module assembly and the upper cover; the exhaust passage communicated with the explosion-proof valve is formed between the edge of the module assembly and the inner side wall of the housing; and the insulating assembly is disposed between two adjacent modules.
Description
本申请要求在2021年1月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110067713.X的中国专利申请的优先权,该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application with application number 202110067713.X filed with the China Patent Office on January 19, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
本申请涉及车辆技术领域,例如涉及一种动力电池、动力电池的热扩散防护方法及车辆。The present application relates to the technical field of vehicles, for example, to a power battery, a thermal diffusion protection method for a power battery, and a vehicle.
动力电池作为电动汽车的核心部件,其安全性对电动汽车的安全性至关重要。As the core component of electric vehicle, the safety of power battery is very important to the safety of electric vehicle.
相关技术中,当动力电池内部模组发生热失控时,会引发动力电池内部的气体累积,并在动力电池内部无规则流窜,当气体累积过多时,会导致冲破壳体,发生危险。In the related art, when the internal module of the power battery is thermally out of control, the gas inside the power battery will accumulate and flow irregularly inside the power battery.
所以,亟需一种动力电池,以解决上述问题。Therefore, there is an urgent need for a power battery to solve the above problems.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
基于以上所述,本申请提供一种动力电池、动力电池的热扩散防护方法及车辆,在热失控时具有较高的安全性。Based on the above, the present application provides a power battery, a thermal diffusion protection method for a power battery, and a vehicle, which have high safety during thermal runaway.
本申请采用以下技术方案:This application adopts the following technical solutions:
一种动力电池,包括壳体和置于所述壳体内的模组总成,所述壳体包括相互扣合的上盖和底板,所述模组总成包括多个相互电连接的模组,所述上盖或所述底板上设置有防爆阀,所述动力电池还包括:A power battery includes a casing and a module assembly placed in the casing, the casing includes an upper cover and a bottom plate that are fastened to each other, and the module assembly includes a plurality of modules that are electrically connected to each other , the upper cover or the bottom plate is provided with an explosion-proof valve, and the power battery also includes:
防火总成,设置于所述模组总成和所述上盖之间;a fireproof assembly, arranged between the module assembly and the upper cover;
排气通道,所述模组总成的边缘与所述壳体的内侧壁之间形成所述排气通道,所述排气通道与所述防爆阀连通;an exhaust channel, the exhaust channel is formed between the edge of the module assembly and the inner side wall of the housing, and the exhaust channel is communicated with the explosion-proof valve;
绝缘总成,设置于相邻两个所述模组之间。The insulating assembly is arranged between two adjacent modules.
作为一种动力电池的示例方案,所述绝缘总成包括侧绝缘板和端绝缘板,所述侧绝缘板设置于所述模组的侧边,所述端绝缘板设置于所述模组的端部。As an example solution of a power battery, the insulating assembly includes a side insulating plate and an end insulating plate, the side insulating plate is arranged on the side of the module, and the end insulating plate is arranged on the side of the module. Ends.
作为一种动力电池的示例方案,所述侧绝缘板和所述端绝缘板的截面均设置为L形,L形的所述侧绝缘板的短臂与所述模组的顶面抵接,长臂与所述模组的侧面抵接;L形的所述端绝缘板的短臂与所述模组的顶面抵接,长臂与所述模组的端面抵接。As an example solution of a power battery, the cross-sections of the side insulating plates and the end insulating plates are set to be L-shaped, and the short arms of the L-shaped side insulating plates are in contact with the top surface of the module. The long arm is in contact with the side surface of the module; the short arm of the L-shaped end insulating plate is in contact with the top surface of the module, and the long arm is in contact with the end surface of the module.
作为一种动力电池的示例方案,所述绝缘总成与所述模组卡接或粘接。As an example solution of a power battery, the insulating assembly is clipped or bonded to the module.
作为一种动力电池的示例方案,所述防火总成包括防火板,以及设置于所述防火板上且位于所述防火板与所述上盖之间的隔热层。As an example solution of a power battery, the fireproof assembly includes a fireproof board, and a thermal insulation layer disposed on the fireproof board and located between the fireproof board and the upper cover.
作为一种动力电池的示例方案,所述防火总成与所述底板可拆卸连接。As an example solution of a power battery, the fireproof assembly is detachably connected to the bottom plate.
作为一种动力电池的示例方案,所述模组呈矩阵排列,相邻行所述模组之间间隔设置,以形成与所述排气通道连通的横梁通道。As an example solution of a power battery, the modules are arranged in a matrix, and the modules in adjacent rows are arranged at intervals to form a beam channel communicating with the exhaust channel.
作为一种动力电池的示例方案,所述上盖上设置有泄压螺母,所述泄压螺母置于所述上盖的中部。As an example solution of a power battery, a pressure relief nut is provided on the upper cover, and the pressure relief nut is placed in the middle of the upper cover.
一种动力电池的热扩散方法,采用如上任一方案所述的动力电池,所述防火总成和所述绝缘总成能阻隔所述动力电池内热失控时的气体,气体能经由所述排气通道并由所述防爆阀流出所述动力电池。A thermal diffusion method for a power battery, using the power battery according to any one of the above solutions, the fireproof assembly and the insulating assembly can block the gas in the power battery during thermal runaway, and the gas can pass through the exhaust channel and flow out of the power battery through the explosion-proof valve.
一种车辆,包括以上任一方案所述的动力电池。A vehicle, comprising the power battery described in any of the above solutions.
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对本申请实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据本申请实施例的内容和这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application more clearly, the following briefly introduces the drawings that are used in the description of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. , for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to the contents of the embodiments of the present application and these drawings without any creative effort.
图1是本申请具体实施方式提供的动力电池的***示图;1 is an exploded view of a power battery provided by a specific embodiment of the present application;
图2是本申请具体实施方式提供的动力电池的防火总成的示意图;2 is a schematic diagram of a fireproof assembly of a power battery provided by a specific embodiment of the present application;
图3是本申请具体实施方式提供的动力电池隐藏上盖的俯视图;3 is a top view of a power battery hidden upper cover provided by a specific embodiment of the present application;
图4是本申请具体实施方式提供的动力电池的上盖、泄压螺母和防爆阀的***视图。FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the upper cover, the pressure relief nut and the explosion-proof valve of the power battery provided by the specific embodiment of the present application.
图中:In the picture:
11、上盖;12、底板;13、模组;14、防爆阀;15、泄压螺母;16、泄压孔;11. Upper cover; 12. Bottom plate; 13. Module; 14. Explosion-proof valve; 15. Pressure relief nut; 16. Pressure relief hole;
2、防火总成;21、防火板;22、隔热层;23、螺栓;24、安装孔;2. Fireproof assembly; 21. Fireproof board; 22. Insulation layer; 23. Bolt; 24. Mounting hole;
3、排气通道;31、横梁通道;3. Exhaust channel; 31. Beam channel;
4、绝缘总成;41、侧绝缘板;42、端绝缘板。4. Insulation assembly; 41. Side insulating plate; 42. End insulating plate.
如图1-图4所示,本实施方式提供一种用于车辆的动力电池,该动力电池包括壳体和置于壳体内的模组总成,壳体包括相互扣合的上盖11和底板12,模组总成包括多个相互电连接的模组13,上盖11或底板12上设置有防爆阀14,动力电池还包括防火总成2、排气通道3和绝缘总成4,防火总成2设置于模组总成和上盖11之间;模组总成的边缘与壳体的内侧壁之间形成排气通道3,排气通道3与防爆阀14连通;绝缘总成4设置于相邻两个模组13之间。As shown in FIG. 1-FIG. 4, this embodiment provides a power battery for a vehicle, the power battery includes a casing and a module assembly placed in the casing, the casing includes an upper cover 11 and The bottom plate 12, the module assembly includes a plurality of modules 13 that are electrically connected to each other, the upper cover 11 or the bottom plate 12 is provided with an explosion-proof valve 14, and the power battery also includes a fireproof assembly 2, an exhaust channel 3 and an insulating assembly 4, The fireproof assembly 2 is arranged between the module assembly and the upper cover 11; an exhaust channel 3 is formed between the edge of the module assembly and the inner side wall of the casing, and the exhaust channel 3 is communicated with the explosion-proof valve 14; the insulation assembly 4 is arranged between two adjacent modules 13 .
通过在上盖11或底板12上设置防爆阀14,配合模组总成的边缘与壳体的内侧壁之间形成排气通道3,使动力电池内部发生热失控时,气体能沿排气通道3流通,避免了气体在动力电池内乱窜对模组总成造成的损伤,由于排气通道3与防爆阀14流通,所以排气通道3内的气体最终能经由防爆阀14流出动力电池,减少了冲破壳体发生危险的可能性,以及壳体所承受的压强,延长了壳体破裂的时间,改善了气体扩散效果;另外,通过在模组总成和上盖11之间设置防火总成2,用于阻挡热失控时气体冲破上盖11,总体上有效地延长动力电池从内部发生热失控到外部见明火的时间,从而有效增加乘客逃离时间,可显著提升动力电池的安全性;排气通道设置为对气体起到导向作用,使气体经由排气通道和防爆阀流出动力电池。同时,设置于相邻两个模组13之间的绝缘总成4能有效地改善动力电池热失控时模组总成内部发生高压短路等连锁反应。By arranging the explosion-proof valve 14 on the upper cover 11 or the bottom plate 12, the exhaust channel 3 is formed between the edge of the matching module assembly and the inner side wall of the casing, so that when thermal runaway occurs inside the power battery, the gas can flow along the exhaust channel. 3 circulation, which avoids the damage to the module assembly caused by the gas running around in the power battery. Since the exhaust channel 3 is in communication with the explosion-proof valve 14, the gas in the exhaust channel 3 can eventually flow out of the power battery through the explosion-proof valve 14. The possibility of the danger of breaking through the shell is reduced, as well as the pressure on the shell, which prolongs the time for the shell to break and improves the gas diffusion effect; 2. It is used to prevent the gas from breaking through the upper cover 11 when the thermal runaway occurs, which effectively prolongs the time from the thermal runaway inside the power battery to the open flame outside, thereby effectively increasing the escape time of passengers and significantly improving the safety of the power battery; The exhaust passage is arranged to guide the gas, so that the gas flows out of the power battery through the exhaust passage and the explosion-proof valve. At the same time, the insulating assembly 4 disposed between the two adjacent modules 13 can effectively improve the chain reaction such as high voltage short circuit occurring inside the module assembly when the power battery is thermally out of control.
上盖11和底板12之间密封连接,密封等级为IP67级,在模组总成发生热失控时,可保证动力电池的密封完好,阻止外部氧气进入动力电池内部,进而防止内部电解液引发火焰。The sealing connection between the upper cover 11 and the bottom plate 12 is IP67. When the thermal runaway occurs in the module assembly, the sealing of the power battery can be ensured, and the external oxygen can be prevented from entering the interior of the power battery, thereby preventing the internal electrolyte from causing flames. .
例如,防爆阀14设置于上盖11上,并设置有两个,两个防爆阀14设置于上盖11相对的两侧,且靠近动力电池的一端,有利于增加热失控时气体的流出路径。防爆阀14可在动力电池内外有压差时,平衡内外压强,当内部压强达到一定数值时开启,大幅提高热失控时动力电池的排气量,可有效减弱壳体所承受的压强,延后电池箱体破裂的时间,从而改善热扩散防护效果。值得说明的是,防爆阀14可采用外购获得,其安装及使用方法在此不在赘述。For example, two explosion-proof valves 14 are arranged on the upper cover 11, and the two explosion-proof valves 14 are arranged on opposite sides of the upper cover 11, and are close to one end of the power battery, which is beneficial to increase the outflow path of gas during thermal runaway. . The explosion-proof valve 14 can balance the internal and external pressures when there is a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the power battery, and open when the internal pressure reaches a certain value, greatly increasing the exhaust volume of the power battery during thermal runaway, which can effectively reduce the pressure on the casing, delaying the delay. The time to rupture of the battery case, thereby improving the thermal diffusion protection effect. It is worth noting that the explosion-proof valve 14 can be obtained by outsourcing, and the installation and use methods thereof will not be repeated here.
例如,模组13呈矩阵排列,相邻行模组13之间间隔设置,以形成与排气 通道3连通的横梁通道31,以增加动力电池内部,尤其是相邻行模组13之间发生热失控时气体的流通路径,有效地防止气体在动力电池内部乱窜造成的危害,使气体能通过横梁通道31和排气通道3汇聚至防爆阀14,最后经由防爆阀14流出动力电池。For example, the modules 13 are arranged in a matrix, and adjacent rows of modules 13 are arranged at intervals to form a beam channel 31 that communicates with the exhaust channel 3, so as to increase the occurrence of internal combustion in the power battery, especially between adjacent rows of modules 13 The gas flow path during thermal runaway can effectively prevent the harm caused by the gas running around inside the power battery, so that the gas can converge to the explosion-proof valve 14 through the beam channel 31 and the exhaust channel 3, and finally flow out of the power battery through the explosion-proof valve 14.
本实施例中,防火总成2包括防火板21以及设置于防火板21上且位于防火板21与上盖11之间的隔热层22。防火板21为平板状结构,由强度较高、耐高温、抗冲击的材料制成,可在模组13发生热失控时承受热失控释放的高温高压气体的冲击而不发生破裂,提高动力电池的安全性;隔热层22为泡棉层,可以为动力电池内的模组总成提供保温隔热效果;同时隔热层22设置于防火板21与上盖11之间,有效地避免模组总成发生热失控时对隔热层22的损伤。防火总成2与底板12可拆卸连接,便于安装及更换,例如,防火板21上设置有安装孔24,螺栓23穿设于安装孔24内与底板12螺纹连接。In this embodiment, the fireproof assembly 2 includes a fireproof board 21 and an insulating layer 22 disposed on the fireproof board 21 and located between the fireproof board 21 and the upper cover 11 . The fireproof board 21 is a plate-like structure and is made of a material with high strength, high temperature resistance and impact resistance, which can withstand the impact of the high temperature and high pressure gas released by the thermal runaway of the module 13 when the thermal runaway occurs in the module 13 without breaking, improving the power battery. The thermal insulation layer 22 is a foam layer, which can provide thermal insulation effect for the module assembly in the power battery; at the same time, the thermal insulation layer 22 is arranged between the fireproof board 21 and the upper cover 11 to effectively avoid mold Damage to the thermal insulation layer 22 in the event of thermal runaway of the assembly. The fireproof assembly 2 is detachably connected to the bottom plate 12 for easy installation and replacement. For example, the fireproof plate 21 is provided with mounting holes 24 , and bolts 23 are inserted through the mounting holes 24 to be threadedly connected to the bottom plate 12 .
例如,动力电池的绝缘总成4由耐高温冲击、耐高压绝缘的材料制成,示例性地,绝缘总成4为陶瓷纤维复合材料或云母板。For example, the insulating assembly 4 of the power battery is made of a material that is resistant to high temperature shock and high voltage insulation. Exemplarily, the insulating assembly 4 is a ceramic fiber composite material or a mica board.
例如,绝缘总成4包括侧绝缘板41和端绝缘板42,侧绝缘板41设置于模组13的侧边,端绝缘板42设置于模组13的端部,以保证相邻的模组13之间均具有抗冲击绝缘的效果。For example, the insulating assembly 4 includes a side insulating plate 41 and an end insulating plate 42. The side insulating plate 41 is arranged on the side of the module 13, and the end insulating plate 42 is arranged at the end of the module 13, so as to ensure the adjacent modules. 13 have the effect of impact resistance insulation.
例如,侧绝缘板41和端绝缘板42的截面均设置为L形,L形的侧绝缘板41的短臂与模组13的顶面抵接,长臂与模组13的侧面抵接;L形的端绝缘板42的短臂与模组13的顶面抵接,长臂与模组13的端面抵接。For example, the cross-sections of the side insulating plate 41 and the end insulating plate 42 are both set to be L-shaped, the short arm of the L-shaped side insulating plate 41 is in contact with the top surface of the module 13, and the long arm is in contact with the side surface of the module 13; The short arm of the L-shaped end insulating plate 42 is in contact with the top surface of the module 13 , and the long arm is in contact with the end surface of the module 13 .
本实施例中,为实现绝缘总成4和模组13之间的连接,绝缘总成4与模组13可卡接或粘接,卡接牢固,粘接便捷,本领域技术人员可以实际情况进行选择。In this embodiment, in order to realize the connection between the insulation assembly 4 and the module 13, the insulation assembly 4 and the module 13 can be clamped or bonded, the clamping is firm, and the bonding is convenient, and those skilled in the art can determine the actual situation. to make a selection.
例如,上盖11上设置有泄压孔16,泄压孔16内设置有泄压螺母15,在动力电池内部压强过大时,泄压螺母15会由于压力的缘故松动并脱落,对动力电池内部气体快速经由泄压孔16排出,例如,泄压螺母15置于上盖11的中部,沿动力电池的长度方向间隔设置有两个。示例性地,泄压螺母15规格可以选择M5或者M6。For example, the upper cover 11 is provided with a pressure relief hole 16, and the pressure relief hole 16 is provided with a pressure relief nut 15. When the internal pressure of the power battery is too large, the pressure relief nut 15 will loosen and fall off due to the pressure, which will cause damage to the power battery. The internal gas is quickly discharged through the pressure relief hole 16. For example, the pressure relief nut 15 is placed in the middle of the upper cover 11, and two are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the power battery. Exemplarily, the specification of the pressure relief nut 15 can be M5 or M6.
在动力电池发生热失控时,首先防火总成2能对高温高压气体进行阻挡,防止冲破动力电池的上盖11;在高温高压气体流窜时,绝缘总成4能防止高温高压气体对其他模组13的冲击,避免引发高压电弧;排气通道3能引导高温高 压气体朝防爆阀14位置汇集;最后防爆阀14在高压气体冲击下开启,释放动力电池内部气体,泄压螺母15保护壳体不受破坏,从而避免火焰产生。When the power battery is thermally out of control, first the fireproof assembly 2 can block the high temperature and high pressure gas to prevent the upper cover 11 from breaking through the power battery; when the high temperature and high pressure gas flows, the insulating assembly 4 can prevent the high temperature and high pressure gas from affecting other modules. The impact of 13 avoids causing a high-voltage arc; the exhaust channel 3 can guide the high-temperature and high-pressure gas to converge towards the explosion-proof valve 14; finally, the explosion-proof valve 14 is opened under the impact of the high-pressure gas, releasing the gas inside the power battery, and the pressure relief nut 15 protects the housing from being damaged. be destroyed, thereby preventing the generation of flames.
本实施方式还公开一种动力电池的热扩散方法,采用如上任一方案所述的动力电池,当动力电池发生热失控时,防火总成2和绝缘总成3能阻隔动力电池内热失控时的气体,有效地防止气体冲破上盖11或导致模组总成内部发生高压短路等连锁反应,同时,气体能经由排气通道3并由防爆阀14流出动力电池,保证了动力电池在发生热失控时动力电池的安全性。This embodiment also discloses a thermal diffusion method for a power battery. Using the power battery described in any of the above solutions, when the power battery is thermally out of control, the fireproof assembly 2 and the insulation assembly 3 can block the thermal runaway in the power battery. The gas can effectively prevent the gas from breaking through the upper cover 11 or causing a chain reaction such as a high-voltage short circuit inside the module assembly. At the same time, the gas can flow out of the power battery through the exhaust channel 3 and the explosion-proof valve 14, ensuring that the power battery is thermally out of control. safety of the power battery.
本实施方式还公开一种车辆,包括如上任一方案所述的动力电池。This embodiment also discloses a vehicle, including the power battery described in any of the above solutions.
在本申请的描述中,需要说明的是,术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”、仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。其中,术语“第一位置”和“第二位置”为两个不同的位置。In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation or a specific orientation. construction and operation, and therefore should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance. Therein, the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions.
在本申请的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood in specific situations.
Claims (10)
- 一种动力电池,包括壳体和置于所述壳体内的模组总成,所述壳体包括相互扣合的上盖(11)和底板(12),所述模组总成包括多个相互电连接的模组(13),所述上盖(11)或所述底板(12)上设置有防爆阀(14),所述动力电池还包括:A power battery includes a casing and a module assembly placed in the casing, the casing comprises an upper cover (11) and a bottom plate (12) that are fastened to each other, and the module assembly includes a plurality of The modules (13) that are electrically connected to each other, the upper cover (11) or the bottom plate (12) is provided with an explosion-proof valve (14), and the power battery further comprises:防火总成(2),设置于所述模组总成和所述上盖(11)之间;a fireproof assembly (2), arranged between the module assembly and the upper cover (11);排气通道(3),所述模组总成的边缘与所述壳体的内侧壁之间形成所述排气通道(3),所述排气通道(3)与所述防爆阀(14)连通;an exhaust passage (3), the exhaust passage (3) is formed between the edge of the module assembly and the inner side wall of the casing, the exhaust passage (3) is connected to the explosion-proof valve (14) ) is connected;绝缘总成(4),设置于相邻两个所述模组(13)之间。The insulating assembly (4) is arranged between two adjacent modules (13).
- 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池,其中,所述绝缘总成(4)包括侧绝缘板(41)和端绝缘板(42),所述侧绝缘板(41)设置于所述模组(13)的侧边,所述端绝缘板(42)设置于所述模组(13)的端部。The power battery according to claim 1, wherein the insulating assembly (4) comprises a side insulating plate (41) and an end insulating plate (42), and the side insulating plate (41) is arranged on the module (41). 13), the end insulating plate (42) is arranged at the end of the module (13).
- 根据权利要求2所述的动力电池,其中,所述侧绝缘板(41)和所述端绝缘板(42)的截面分别设置为L形,L形的所述侧绝缘板(41)的短臂与所述模组(13)的顶面抵接,长臂与所述模组(13)的侧面抵接;L形的所述端绝缘板(42)的短臂与所述模组(13)的顶面抵接,长臂与所述模组(13)的端面抵接。The power battery according to claim 2, wherein the cross sections of the side insulating plate (41) and the end insulating plate (42) are respectively set to be L-shaped, and the L-shaped side insulating plate (41) has a short length The arm is in contact with the top surface of the module (13), and the long arm is in contact with the side surface of the module (13); the short arm of the L-shaped end insulating plate (42) is in contact with the module (13). 13) is in contact with the top surface, and the long arm is in contact with the end surface of the module (13).
- 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池,其中,所述绝缘总成(4)与所述模组(13)卡接或粘接。The power battery according to claim 1, wherein the insulating assembly (4) is clamped or bonded to the module (13).
- 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池,其中,所述防火总成(2)包括防火板(21),以及设置于所述防火板(21)上且位于所述防火板(21)与所述上盖(11)之间的隔热层(22)。The power battery according to claim 1, wherein the fireproof assembly (2) comprises a fireproof board (21), and is disposed on the fireproof board (21) and located between the fireproof board (21) and the fireproof board (21). The thermal insulation layer (22) between the upper covers (11).
- 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池,其中,所述防火总成(2)与所述底板(12)可拆卸连接。The power battery according to claim 1, wherein the fireproof assembly (2) is detachably connected to the bottom plate (12).
- 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池,其中,所述模组(13)呈矩阵排列,相邻行所述模组(13)之间间隔设置,以形成与所述排气通道(3)连通的横梁通道(31)。The power battery according to claim 1, wherein the modules (13) are arranged in a matrix, and the modules (13) in adjacent rows are arranged at intervals to form communication with the exhaust passage (3). the beam channel (31).
- 根据权利要求1所述的动力电池,其中,所述上盖(11)上设置有泄压螺母(15),所述泄压螺母(15)置于所述上盖(11)的中部。The power battery according to claim 1, wherein a pressure relief nut (15) is provided on the upper cover (11), and the pressure relief nut (15) is placed in the middle of the upper cover (11).
- 一种动力电池的热扩散方法,采用如权利要求1-8任一项所述的动力电池,所述防火总成(2)和所述绝缘总成(4)能阻隔所述动力电池内热失控时的气体,气体能经由所述排气通道(3)并由所述防爆阀(14)流出所述动力电池。A thermal diffusion method for a power battery, using the power battery according to any one of claims 1-8, the fireproof assembly (2) and the insulating assembly (4) can block the internal thermal runaway of the power battery The gas can flow out of the power battery through the exhaust passage (3) and through the explosion-proof valve (14).
- 一种车辆,包括如权利要求1-8任一项所述的动力电池。A vehicle comprising the power battery according to any one of claims 1-8.
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