WO2022156349A1 - 邻井检测装置、方法及*** - Google Patents

邻井检测装置、方法及*** Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022156349A1
WO2022156349A1 PCT/CN2021/132123 CN2021132123W WO2022156349A1 WO 2022156349 A1 WO2022156349 A1 WO 2022156349A1 CN 2021132123 W CN2021132123 W CN 2021132123W WO 2022156349 A1 WO2022156349 A1 WO 2022156349A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic field
well
electromotive force
probe
offset well
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/132123
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗曦
李国玉
党博
秦才会
翟金海
李爱勇
岳喜洲
马明学
季新标
王仡仡
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中海油田服务股份有限公司
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Application filed by 中海油田服务股份有限公司 filed Critical 中海油田服务股份有限公司
Priority to US18/033,960 priority Critical patent/US20230393296A1/en
Publication of WO2022156349A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022156349A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/08—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
    • G01V3/10—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices using induction coils
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/16—Drill collars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
    • E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
    • E21B47/0228—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism using electromagnetic energy or detectors therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/09—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/09—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes
    • E21B47/092—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes by detecting magnetic anomalies

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to, but are not limited to, the field of well logging, and in particular, relate to an offset well detection device, method, and system.
  • Cluster wells and infill wells have their advantages in field construction and oil production, but with the increasing number of wellheads in a single platform, the risk of wellbore collision during drilling is increasing. Accidental wellbore collisions can have potentially even catastrophic consequences for oil companies and the environment. Some wellbore collision prevention techniques are proposed to reduce the occurrence of such accidents.
  • This indirect estimated distance largely depends on the accuracy of the inclinometer data, and the measurement of the magnetic inclinometer is easily affected by the external magnetic field source, especially the influence of the casing of the offset well. Therefore, the error of this method is relatively large. , is often fatal in close-range shallow collision prevention.
  • the present disclosure provides an offset well detection device, method and system.
  • the offset well detection device can directly obtain relative distance information and orientation information of the offset well by using electromagnetic signals.
  • the present disclosure provides an offset well detection device, which is arranged on a drill collar of a first well; wherein the offset well detection device includes a transmitting probe and a receiving probe; the device includes:
  • the transmitting probe is configured to generate a primary magnetic field according to the bipolar transient pulse signal applied to the transmitting probe; the change of the primary magnetic field can generate a second magnetic field on the casing of the adjacent second well;
  • the receiving probe is configured to generate an induced electromotive force according to the second magnetic field, wherein the induced electromotive force is used to obtain the distance information and azimuth information of the offset well.
  • the transmitting probe is a coil wound on a drill collar; the normal direction of the coil wound on the drill collar is parallel to the axial direction of the drill collar.
  • the receiving probe is a transverse coil disposed on the surface of the drill collar; the coil is perpendicular to the axial direction of the drill collar.
  • the receiving probe includes one or more pairs; wherein each pair of receiving probes is symmetrically installed at both ends of the transmitting probe.
  • the transmitting probe and the receiving probe include soft magnetic materials.
  • the present disclosure also provides an offset well detection method, wherein the offset well detection device according to any one of the foregoing embodiments is provided on the drill collar of the first well to be detected, and the offset well detection method includes: :
  • a bipolar transient pulse signal is applied to the transmitting probe in the offset well detection device;
  • the transmitting probe is excited by the bipolar transient pulse signal to generate a primary magnetic field; the change of the primary magnetic field can generate a second magnetic field on the casing of the adjacent second well;
  • the receiving probe in the offset well detection device generates an induced electromotive force according to the second magnetic field
  • the relative distance information and azimuth information of the second well are obtained.
  • the change of the primary magnetic field can generate a second magnetic field on the casing of the adjacent second well, including:
  • the transmitting probe When the forward pulse of the bipolar transient pulse signal excites the transmitting probe, the transmitting probe generates a primary magnetic field in space; when the forward pulse is turned off, the casing in the adjacent second well A ring-shaped induced current is generated on it and a secondary magnetic field is generated.
  • the induced electromotive force includes:
  • UR represents the induced electromotive force
  • ⁇ represents the signal angular frequency
  • NR represents the number of turns of the receiving probe coil
  • S represents the effective area of the receiving probe coil.
  • the inversion and acquisition of the distance information and orientation information of the second well according to the detection signal includes:
  • the present disclosure also provides an offset well detection system, which is applied in the offset well detection of cluster wells, including the offset well detection device, surface processing module, and signal module described in any one of the foregoing embodiments; wherein ,
  • the signal module is configured to apply a bipolar transient pulse signal to the transmitting probe in the detection of adjacent wells;
  • the offset well detection device is configured to generate electromotive force according to the bipolar transient pulse signal
  • the surface processing module is configured to obtain distance information and orientation information of the second well according to the electromotive force inversion.
  • the offset well detection device includes: a transmitting probe
  • the transmitting probe is a coil wound on the drill collar; the normal direction of the coil wound on the drill collar is parallel to the axial direction of the drill collar.
  • the offset well detection device further comprises: a receiving probe
  • the receiving probe is a transverse coil arranged on the surface of the drill collar; the coil is perpendicular to the axial direction of the drill collar;
  • the receiving probes include one or more pairs; wherein, each pair of receiving probes is symmetrically installed at both ends of the transmitting probes.
  • the change of the primary magnetic field can generate a second magnetic field on the casing of the adjacent second well, including:
  • the transmitting probe When the forward pulse of the bipolar transient pulse signal excites the transmitting probe, the transmitting probe generates a primary magnetic field in space; when the forward pulse is turned off, the casing in the adjacent second well A ring-shaped induced current is generated on it and a secondary magnetic field is generated.
  • the induced electromotive force includes:
  • UR represents the induced electromotive force
  • ⁇ represents the signal angular frequency
  • NR represents the number of turns of the receiving probe coil
  • S represents the effective area of the receiving probe coil.
  • the obtaining relative distance information and orientation information of the second well according to the induced electromotive force inversion includes:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an offset well detection device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the location of an offset well detection device in some exemplary embodiments
  • 3 is a magnetic field distribution of a transmitting probe in some exemplary embodiments
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a transmit signal waveform in some exemplary embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 is a receiving probe magnetic field distribution in some exemplary embodiments
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a received signal waveform in some exemplary embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a front view and a top view of a drill collar rotating while drilling in some exemplary embodiments
  • FIG. 10 is a detection process of an offset well detection system in some exemplary embodiments.
  • FIG. 11 is a received response after differential amplification processing when dual targets are at the same distance from the probe in some exemplary embodiments.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an offset well detection device.
  • the offset well detection device is provided on the drill collar of a first well; wherein the offset well detection device includes a transmitting probe 110 and a receiving probe 120; the device comprises:
  • the transmitting probe 110 is configured to generate a primary magnetic field according to the bipolar transient pulse signal applied to the transmitting probe; the change of the primary magnetic field can generate a second magnetic field on the casing of the adjacent second well;
  • the receiving probe 120 is configured to generate an induced electromotive force according to the second magnetic field, wherein the induced electromotive force is used to obtain relative distance information and orientation information of the offset well.
  • the offset well detection device is set in the first well, and the schematic diagram of the positions of the first well and the second well is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the implementation manner of using induced electromotive force to obtain the relative distance information and orientation information of the adjacent wells may be:
  • the transient electromagnetic cluster well detection model is established, and the magnetic vector A is introduced. Since the transmitting probe, that is, the transmitting coil, is wound on the drill collar, it cannot be calculated as a magnetic dipole, and can be regarded as an equivalent current loop.
  • A is the magnetic vector
  • k is the wave number
  • I T is the emission current intensity
  • dl is the arc length of the electric dipole.
  • N T is the number of turns of the transmitting coil
  • I T is the transmitting current intensity
  • r 0 is the drill collar radius
  • I 1 ( ⁇ ) and K 1 ( ⁇ ) are the first and second types, respectively Class 1-order complex Bessel function
  • z is the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil.
  • I 0 ( ⁇ ) and K 0 ( ⁇ ) are the first-order and second-order 0-order complex Bessel functions, respectively.
  • a 1 is an undetermined coefficient, which can be solved according to the boundary conditions of each layer of medium.
  • the induced electromotive force is usually used to measure the downhole electromagnetic response. Therefore, the induced electromotive force of the secondary field received by the transverse receiving coil can be expressed as
  • ⁇ represents the signal angular frequency
  • NR represents the number of turns of the coil in the receiving probe
  • S represents the effective area of the coil in the receiving probe.
  • an offset well detection device is obtained.
  • the offset well detection device is used to detect the distance and azimuth between cluster wells.
  • the drill collar of the first well is in a rotating state, which can be realized by a lateral receiving probe. Multicomponent detection.
  • the front and top views of the drill collar while drilling are shown in Figure 7.
  • the rotation of the drill collar causes the receiving probe to cut the secondary field
  • the final time domain response is the coupling of the electromotive force induced by the secondary field and the electromotive force generated by the rotating cutting secondary field, namely
  • U R (t) is the relationship between the electromotive force and the observation time, and t is the observation time.
  • the transmitting probe is a coil wound on a drill collar; wherein the normal direction of the coil wound on the drill collar is parallel to the axial direction of the drill collar.
  • the receiving probe is a transverse coil arranged on the surface of the drill collar; the coil is perpendicular to the axial direction of the drill collar; wherein, the receiving probe can be a transverse coil arranged in a slot on the surface of the drill collar ; The coil is perpendicular to the axial direction of the drill collar.
  • the receiving probe includes one or more pairs; wherein each pair of receiving probes is symmetrically installed at both ends of the transmitting probe.
  • the receiving probe may include a pair of two lateral probes, one of which is close to the casing under test and the other is far away from the casing under test, so as to ensure that the two lateral receiving probes are separated from the casing under test (the casing under test).
  • the differential processing of the received signal can eliminate the radial blur, which can further improve the orientation accuracy; on this basis, by judging the amplitudes of the two lateral receiving responses, the Judging the relative posture between the casing of the offset well and the positive drilling; if the two wells are in a parallel posture, the responses of the two lateral receptions can still be combined to improve the overall signal-to-noise ratio of the cluster well anti-collision system.
  • the receiving probes may also include multiple pairs, and the multiple pairs of receiving probes may be arranged to add a symmetrical transverse receiving probe separated by a longitudinal distance.
  • the transmit probe and the receive probe include soft magnetic material that enhances the strength of the signal.
  • Offset well detection methods include:
  • Step 810 When the drill collar of the first well rotates at a constant speed, apply a bipolar transient pulse signal to the transmitting probe in the offset well detection device;
  • Step 820 The transmitting probe is excited by the bipolar transient pulse signal to generate a primary magnetic field; the change of the primary magnetic field can generate a second magnetic field on the casing of the adjacent second well;
  • Step 830 The receiving probe in the offset well detection device generates an induced electromotive force according to the second magnetic field
  • Step 840 Obtain the distance information and orientation information of the second well according to the induced electromotive force inversion.
  • the change of the primary magnetic field can generate a second magnetic field on the casing of the adjacent second well, comprising:
  • the transmitting probe When the forward pulse of the bipolar transient pulse signal excites the transmitting probe, the transmitting probe generates a magnetic field in space; when the forward pulse is turned off, it generates a magnetic field on the casing of the adjacent second well The loop induces a current and generates a secondary magnetic field.
  • the induced electromotive force includes:
  • UR represents the induced electromotive force
  • ⁇ represents the signal angular frequency
  • NR represents the number of turns of the receiving probe coil
  • S represents the effective area of the receiving probe coil.
  • the inversion and acquisition of the distance information and orientation information of the second well according to the detection signal includes:
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an offset well detection system, as shown in FIG. 9 , which is applied in the offset well detection of cluster wells, and includes the offset well detection device described in any of the above embodiments, a surface processing module, signal module; wherein,
  • the signal module is configured to apply a bipolar transient pulse signal to the transmitting probe in the detection of adjacent wells; wherein, the bipolar transient pulse signal is shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the offset well detection device is configured to generate electromotive force according to the bipolar transient pulse signal
  • the surface processing module is configured to obtain distance information and orientation information of the second well according to the electromotive force inversion.
  • the ground processing module includes: a host computer module and a ground data acquisition and processing module.
  • the offset well detection device includes: a transmitting probe
  • the transmitting probe is a coil wound on the drill collar; the normal direction of the coil wound on the drill collar is parallel to the axial direction of the drill collar.
  • the offset well detection device further comprises: a receiving probe
  • the receiving probe is a transverse coil arranged on the surface of the drill collar; the coil is perpendicular to the axial direction of the drill collar;
  • the receiving probes include one or more pairs; wherein, each pair of receiving probes is symmetrically installed at both ends of the transmitting probes.
  • the change of the primary magnetic field can generate a second magnetic field on the casing of the adjacent second well, comprising:
  • the transmitting probe When the forward pulse of the bipolar transient pulse signal excites the transmitting probe, the transmitting probe generates a primary magnetic field in space; when the forward pulse is turned off, the casing in the adjacent second well A ring-shaped induced current is generated on it and a secondary magnetic field is generated.
  • the induced electromotive force includes:
  • UR represents the induced electromotive force
  • ⁇ represents the signal angular frequency
  • NR represents the number of turns of the receiving probe coil
  • S represents the effective area of the receiving probe coil.
  • the obtaining relative distance information and orientation information of the second well according to the induced electromotive force inversion includes:
  • Step 1 Wind the longitudinal launch coil on the drill collar
  • Step 2 Install two lateral receiving probes in the slot of the drill collar, set a distance between the two probes, and are located at both ends of the transmitting coil;
  • Step 3 Rotate the drill collar at a constant speed
  • Step 4 During the rotation of the drill collar, apply a transient electromagnetic excitation signal to the transmitting coil;
  • Step 5 Use two lateral receiving probes to detect the information of the medium around the drilling;
  • Step 6 Using the transmission-while-drilling system, transmit the laterally received signal to the ground processing module;
  • Step 7 Jointly process the signals of the two lateral receiving probes
  • Step 8 Invert the relative distance and orientation of the offset casing.
  • the distance detection performance of the active wellbore anti-collision tool while drilling is verified.
  • the distance between the two targets relative to the probe is the same, and the relative distance between the probe and the dual targets is set to 1m, 3m, 5m, 7m and 9m in turn, and the detection is carried out during the rotation of the drill collar.
  • the received response is differentially amplified to analyze the distance detection performance of the adjacent well detection device.
  • the received response after differential amplification is shown in Figure 11.
  • the offset well detection system based on transient electromagnetic signals designed in this example adopts a probe structure with one longitudinal transmitting and two lateral receiving.
  • the lateral receiving probe is used to actively detect the transmitted signal on the casing of the offset well.
  • the generated secondary eddy current field and the response of the two lateral receiving probes are jointly processed, and the distance between the positive drilling and the casing of the offset well can be inverted with high precision.
  • the lateral receiving probe can realize multi-component downhole The detection is conducive to more accurate positioning of the casing of the offset well.
  • the number of lateral receiving probes can be appropriately increased, and multiple lateral receiving probes contain more downhole casing information.
  • the consequent increase in the number of slots also has a corresponding effect on the gravity and stiffness of the drill collar; in addition, the distribution, geometric parameters and power of the longitudinal transmitting coils also have a direct effect on the response of the transverse receiving probe. Therefore, in order to ensure that the distribution of the lateral receiving probes does not have a serious impact on the detection while drilling system under the condition of ensuring a certain detection performance, it is necessary to jointly optimize the dimensions, winding parameters, spacing and installation angle of the longitudinal transmitting probes and the lateral receiving probes. .
  • Computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data flexible, removable and non-removable media.
  • Computer storage media include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cartridges, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or may Any other medium used to store desired information and which can be accessed by a computer.
  • communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and can include any information delivery media, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art .

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种邻井检测装置、方法及***，该邻井检测装置，设置为第一口井的钻铤上；其中，所述邻井检测装置包括发射探头和接收探头；所述装置包括：所述发射探头设置为根据施加在本发射探头上的双极性瞬态脉冲信号产生一次磁场；所述一次磁场的变化能够在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生第二磁场；所述接收探头设置为根据所述第二磁场产生感应电动势，其中，该感应电动势用于获取所述邻井的相对距离信息和方位信息。

Description

邻井检测装置、方法及*** 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及但不限于测井领域，尤其涉及邻井检测装置、方法及***。
背景技术
丛式井和加密井在油田建设和采油方面有其优点，但是随着单平台内井口数目越来越多，在钻井过程中井眼碰撞的风险越来越大。意外的井眼交碰会对油企和环境带来潜在的甚至灾难性的后果，为减小此类事故的发生提出了一些井眼防碰技术。
文献“丛式井组加密井防碰技术及应用，2018”和专利“海上丛式井组钻井顺序优化方法(CN201510611700.9)”采用防碰扫描方法，通过统计井眼轨迹误差使其拟合出的本井误差椭圆与邻井轨迹误差椭圆不相交来避免碰撞。对于防碰扫描法，如果存在随钻轨迹数据因诸如磁干扰等情况出现较大误差，邻井轨迹参数精度低、失真或缺失，轨迹拟合方法过于理想化等因素，会使拟合出来的井眼轨迹偏离实际轨迹，从而发生碰撞。
文献“井眼交碰风险分析及可视化，2018”和专利“一种基于邻井套管柱自身磁场探测的丛式井上部直井段防碰预警方法(CN201711416109.3)”利用MWD的快速工具面测量值识别邻井套管磁干扰现象及井眼交碰风险，不仅能够提高井眼交碰风险识别概率，还能够尽早发现井眼交碰风险，并估算出邻井套管柱相对位置，为防碰绕障施工提供重要支持。对于交碰概率分析法，通过测斜仪器监测井身轨迹，然后根据轨迹计算相对距离。这种间接推算距离很大程度上依赖于测斜数据的精确性，而磁性测斜仪的测量很容易受到外加磁场源的影响，尤其是邻井套管的影响，因此，该方法误差较大，在近距离浅层防碰中往往是致命的。
发明内容
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求 的保护范围。
本公开提供了一种邻井检测装置、方法和***，该邻井检测装置能利用电磁信号可以直接获得邻井的相对距离信息和方位信息。
第一方面，本公开提供了一种邻井检测装置，设置为第一口井的钻铤上；其中，所述邻井检测装置包括发射探头和接收探头；所述装置包括：
所述发射探头，设置为根据施加在本发射探头上的双极性瞬态脉冲信号产生一次磁场；所述一次磁场的变化能够在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生第二磁场；
所述接收探头，设置为根据所述第二磁场产生感应电动势，其中，该感应电动势用于获取所述邻井的距离信息和方位信息。
一种示例性的实施例中，所述发射探头为绕制在钻铤上的线圈；该绕制在钻铤上的线圈法向与钻铤轴向平行。
一种示例性的实施例中，所述接收探头为设置在钻铤表面的横向线圈；该线圈与钻铤轴向垂直。
一种示例性的实施例中，所述接收探头包括一对或多对；其中，每一对接收探头对称安装在所述发射探头两端。
一种示例性的实施例中，所述发射探头和所述接收探头包括软磁材料。
第二方面，本公开还提供了一种邻井检测方法，待检测的第一口井钻铤上设置有上述实施例中任一项所述的邻井检测装置，所述邻井检测方法包括：
当所述第一口井的钻铤匀速旋转时，向该邻井检测装置中的发射探头施加双极性瞬态脉冲信号；
所述发射探头通过所述双极性瞬态脉冲信号激发产生一次磁场；所述一次磁场的变化能够在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生第二磁场；
所述邻井检测装置中的接收探头根据所述第二磁场产生感应电动势；
根据该感应电动势反演获得第二口井的相对距离信息和方位信息。
一种示例性的实施例中，所述一次磁场的变化能够在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生第二磁场，包括：
当双极性瞬态脉冲信号的正向脉冲激发所述发射探头时，所述发射探头在空间中产生一次磁场；当该正向脉冲关断时，在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生环形感应电流并产生二次磁场。
一种示例性的实施例中，所述感应电动势包括：
Figure PCTCN2021132123-appb-000001
上述感应电动势表达式中，U R表示感应电动势，ω表示信号角频率，N R表示接收探头线圈的匝数，S表示接收探头线圈的有效面积。
一种示例性的实施例中，所述根据所述探测信号反演获得第二口井的距离信息和方位信息，包括：
对每对接收探头所产生的电动势进行差分放大处理；
对差分放大处理后的信号进行反演，获得第二口井的距离信息和方位信息。
第三方面，本公开还提供一种邻井检测***，应用在丛式井的邻井检测中，包括上述实施例中任一项所述的邻井检测装置、地面处理模块、信号模块；其中，
所述信号模块设置为向所述邻井检测中发射探头施加双极性瞬态脉冲信号；
所述邻井检测装置设置为根据所述双极性瞬态脉冲信号产生电动势；
所述地面处理模块设置为根据所述电动势反演获得第二口井的距离信息和方位信息。
一种示例性的实施例中，所述邻井检测装置包括：发射探头；
所述发射探头为绕制在钻铤上的线圈；该绕制在钻铤上的线圈法向与钻铤轴向平行。
一种示例性的实施例中，所述邻井检测装置还包括：接收探头；
所述接收探头为设置在钻铤表面的横向线圈；该线圈与钻铤轴向垂直；
所述接收探头包括一对或多对；其中，每一对接收探头对称安装在所述 发射探头两端。
一种示例性的实施例中，所述一次磁场的变化能够在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生第二磁场，包括：
当双极性瞬态脉冲信号的正向脉冲激发所述发射探头时，所述发射探头在空间中产生一次磁场；当该正向脉冲关断时，在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生环形感应电流并产生二次磁场。
一种示例性的实施例中，所述感应电动势包括：
Figure PCTCN2021132123-appb-000002
上述感应电动势表达式中，U R表示感应电动势，ω表示信号角频率，N R表示接收探头线圈的匝数，S表示接收探头线圈的有效面积。
一种示例性的实施例中，所述根据所述感应电动势反演获得第二口井的相对距离信息和方位信息，包括：
对每对接收探头所产生的感应电动势进行差分放大处理；
对差分放大处理后的信号进行反演，获得第二口井的距离信息和方位信息。
设置为在阅读并理解了附图和详细描述后，可以明白其他方面。
附图概述
附图用来提供对本申请技术方案的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本申请的实施例一起用于解释本申请的技术方案，并不构成对本申请技术方案的限制。
图1为本公开实施例的邻井检测装置示意图；
图2为一些示例性实施例中邻井检测装置位置示意图；
图3为一些示例性实施例中发射探头的磁场分布；
图4为一些示例性实施例中发射信号波形示意图；
图5为一些示例性实施例中接收探头磁场分布；
图6为一些示例性实施例中接收信号波形示意图；
图7为一些示例性实施例中钻铤随钻旋转正视图和俯视图示意图；
图8为本公开实施例的邻井检测方法流程图；
图9本公开实施例的邻井检测***；
图10为一些示例性实施例中的邻井检测***探测流程；
图11为一些示例性实施例中双目标与探头距离相同时差分放大处理后的接收响应。
详述下文中将结合附图对本申请实施例进行详细说明。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
在附图的流程图示出的步骤可以在诸如一组计算机可执行指令的计算机***中执行。并且，虽然在流程图中示出了逻辑顺序，但是在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤。
本公开实施例提供了一种邻井检测装置，如图1所示，该邻井检测装置设置为第一口井的钻铤上；其中，所述邻井检测装置包括发射探头110和接收探头120；所述装置包括：
所述发射探头110设置为根据施加在本发射探头上的双极性瞬态脉冲信号产生一次磁场；所述一次磁场的变化能够在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生第二磁场；
所述接收探头120设置为根据所述第二磁场产生感应电动势，其中，该感应电动势用于获取所述邻井的相对距离信息和方位信息。
本实施例中，邻井检测装置设置为第一口井内，该第一口井和第二口井的位置示意图如图2所示。
通过给发射探头施加双极性瞬态脉冲信号，当正向脉冲输出时，在空间中产生一次磁场，如图3所示该发射探头的磁场分布及如图4所示该发射探头的发射信号波形；正向脉冲关断时，磁场突然消失，会在邻井套管上产生较大的环形感应电流并产生二次磁场，感应电流和二次磁场会逐渐衰减，衰减中的二次磁场穿过接收线圈会产生感应电动势，如图5所示该接收探头磁 场分布及如图6所示该接收探头所接收信号波形。
一种示例性实施例中，关于采用感应电动势获取所述邻井的相对距离信息和方位信息的实现方式可以为：
建立瞬变电磁丛式井探测模型，引入磁矢A，由于发射探头即发射线圈绕在钻铤上，不能当作磁偶极子来计算，可将其视为等效电流环，电流环由电偶极子组成，则位于均匀空间R＝(r′,φ′,0)处的一段电偶极子Idl在空间中任意一点R＝(r,φ,z)处产生的矢量势满足齐次和非齐次亥姆霍兹方程
Figure PCTCN2021132123-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2021132123-appb-000004
上述公式(1)和(2)中，A为磁矢，k为波数，I T为发射电流强度，dl为电偶极子的弧长。求解式(1)可得发射线圈在空间中产生的e φ方向的矢量势为：
Figure PCTCN2021132123-appb-000005
上述公式(3)中，
Figure PCTCN2021132123-appb-000006
为e φ方向的矢量势，N T为发射线圈的匝数，I T为发射电流强度，r 0为钻铤半径，I 1(·)和K 1(·)分别为第一类和第二类1阶复宗量贝塞尔函数，x和λ为引入变量，且满足x 2＝λ 2-k 2，z为发射线圈与接收线圈之间的距离。根据磁场和矢量势的关系
Figure PCTCN2021132123-appb-000007
可得发射线圈产生的一次磁场磁场强度为
Figure PCTCN2021132123-appb-000008
上述公式(4)式中，I 0(·)和K 0(·)分别为第一类和第二类0阶复宗量贝塞尔函数。通过求解式(2)，可得发射线圈在各层介质中产生的二次磁场的磁场强度：
Figure PCTCN2021132123-appb-000009
上述公式(5)式中，A 1为待定系数，可根据各层介质的边界条件进行求解。
在实际井下探测过程中，通常利用感应电动势衡量井下电磁响应。因此，横向接收线圈接收到的二次场感应电动势可表示为
Figure PCTCN2021132123-appb-000010
上述公式(6)中，ω表示信号角频率，N R表示接收探头中线圈的匝数，S表示接收探头中线圈的有效面积。
基于上述关系式，获得了邻井检测装置，采用该邻井检测装置对丛式井间的距离和方位进行探测，测量过程中第一口井的钻铤处于旋转状态，可用一个横向接收探头实现多分量探测。钻铤随钻旋转正视图和俯视图如图7所示。
此外，钻铤旋转使接收探头切割二次场，最终时域响为二次场感生电动势和旋转切割二次场产生的电动势的耦合，即
Figure PCTCN2021132123-appb-000011
上述公式(7)中，U R(t)为电动势随观测时间变化的关系，t为观测时间。
一种示例性实施例中，所述发射探头为绕制在钻铤上的线圈；其中，该绕制在钻铤上的线圈法向与钻铤轴向平行。
一种示例性实施例中，所述接收探头为设置在钻铤表面的横向线圈；该线圈与钻铤轴向垂直；其中，该接收探头可以为设置在钻铤表面所开槽里的横向线圈；该线圈与钻铤轴向垂直。
一种示例性实施例中，所述接收探头包括一对或多对；其中，每一对接收探头对称安装在所述发射探头两端。在本实施例中，接收探头可以包括一对两个横向探头中的一个接近被测套管，另一个远离被测套管，保证两个横向接收探头相距被测套管(该被测套管指的是邻井的套管)的距离不同，对其接收信号进行差分处理后可消除径向模糊，可进一步提高定向精度；在此基础上，通过判断两个横向接收响应的幅值，可对邻井套管与正钻井的相对姿态进行判断；若两井处于平行姿态，仍可联合两个横向接收的响应，提高 丛式井防碰***整体信噪比。接收探头也可以包括多对，该多对接收探头可设置为间隔一段纵向距离增加一个对称的横向接收探头。
一种示例性实施例中，发射探头和接收探头包括软磁材料，该软磁性材料可增强信号的强度。
本公开实施例提供了一种邻井检测方法如图8所示，应用于第一口井钻铤上设置有上述实施例中所述的邻井检测装置，位置示意图如图2所示，该邻井检测方法包括：
步骤810.当第一口井的钻铤匀速旋转时，向该邻井检测装置中的发射探头施加双极性瞬态脉冲信号；
步骤820.发射探头通过所述双极性瞬态脉冲信号激发产生一次磁场；所述一次磁场的变化能够在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生第二磁场；
步骤830.邻井检测装置中的接收探头根据所述第二磁场产生感应电动势；
步骤840.根据该感应电动势反演获得第二口井的距离信息和方位信息。
一种示例性实施例中，所述一次磁场的变化能够在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生第二磁场，包括：
当双极性瞬态脉冲信号的正向脉冲激发所述发射探头时，发射探头在空间中产生一次磁场；当该正向脉冲关断时，在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生环形感应电流并产生二次磁场。
一种示例性实施例中，所述感应电动势包括：
Figure PCTCN2021132123-appb-000012
上述公式中，U R表示感应电动势，ω表示信号角频率，N R表示接收探头线圈的匝数，S表示接收探头线圈的有效面积。
一种示例性实施例中，所述根据所述探测信号反演获得第二口井的距离信息和方位信息，包括：
对每对接收探头所接收的探测信号进行差分放大处理；
对差分放大处理后的信号进行反演，获得第二口井的距离信息和方位信息。
本公开实施例提供了一种邻井检测***，如图9所示，应用在丛式井的邻井检测中，包括上述实施例中任一项所述的邻井检测装置、地面处理模块、信号模块；其中，
所述信号模块设置为向所述邻井检测中发射探头施加双极性瞬态脉冲信号；其中，双极性瞬态脉冲信号如图4所示。
所述邻井检测装置设置为根据所述双极性瞬态脉冲信号产生电动势；
所述地面处理模块设置为根据所述电动势反演获得第二口井的距离信息和方位信息。该地面处理模块包括：上位机模块和地面数据采集处理模块。
一种示例性实施例中，所述邻井检测装置包括：发射探头；
所述发射探头为绕制在钻铤上的线圈；该绕制在钻铤上的线圈法向与钻铤轴向平行。
一种示例性实施例中，所述邻井检测装置还包括：接收探头；
所述接收探头为设置在钻铤表面的横向线圈；该线圈与钻铤轴向垂直；
所述接收探头包括一对或多对；其中，每一对接收探头对称安装在所述发射探头两端。
一种示例性实施例中，所述一次磁场的变化能够在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生第二磁场，包括：
当双极性瞬态脉冲信号的正向脉冲激发所述发射探头时，所述发射探头在空间中产生一次磁场；当该正向脉冲关断时，在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生环形感应电流并产生二次磁场。
一种示例性实施例中，所述感应电动势包括：
Figure PCTCN2021132123-appb-000013
上述感应电动势表达式中，U R表示感应电动势，ω表示信号角频率，N R表示接收探头线圈的匝数，S表示接收探头线圈的有效面积。
一种示例性实施例中，所述根据所述感应电动势反演获得第二口井的相对距离信息和方位信息，包括：
对每对接收探头所产生的感应电动势进行差分放大处理；
对差分放大处理后的信号进行反演，获得第二口井的距离信息和方位信息。
下面用一个示例说明邻井检测***探测流程，如图10所示。
步骤1.在钻铤上绕制纵向发射线圈；
步骤2.将两个横向接收探头安装在钻铤所开槽中，两个探头之间设置一段距离，且位于发射线圈两端；
步骤3.匀速旋转钻铤；
步骤4.钻铤旋转过程中，向发射线圈施加瞬变电磁激励信号；
步骤5.利用两个横向接收探头探测正钻井周围介质信息；
步骤6.借助随钻传输***，将横向接收信号传至地面处理模块；
步骤7.联合处理两个横向接收探头的信号；
步骤8.反演邻井套管的相对距离和方位。
采用上述邻井检测***，可以准确、直接获取丛式井间邻井的相对距离和方位。
下面用一个示例说明上述实施例。
以“一发两收”探头结构为例，验证随钻主动式井眼防碰工具的距离探测性能。利用无磁支架上旋转的铝管模拟钻铤，采用2个7寸标准套管组合模拟被测井(双目标，左右各一个，放置于地面)。
两个目标相对探头的距离相同，依次将探头与双目标之间的相对距离设置为1m、3m、5m、7m和9m，在钻铤旋转的过程中进行探测，通过对两个横向接收探头的接收响应进行差分放大处理，分析邻井检测装置的距离探测性能。双目标与探头距离相同情况下，差分放大处理后的接收响应如图11所示。
从图11可以看出，采用“一发两收”瞬变电磁探头组合虽然可以获得比较理想的距离探测能力，但是当两个目标相对探头的距离为8m时，由于相对距离较大，接收信号幅值有限，有用信号几乎全被噪声淹没，即使对两个接 收探头的信号进行差分放大处理，也无法区分两个目标。受限于试验条件，目前邻井检测装置可探测的最大距离不小于7m，距离精度5％，但实际丛式井防碰探测过程中，邻井套管体量较大，若按目前试验所用探头、套管等尺寸等比例换算，邻井检测***的探测距离将大幅度提高。
本示例设计的基于瞬变电磁信号的邻井检测***，采用一个纵向发射，两个横向接收的探头结构，在钻铤旋转的过程中，利用横向接收探头主动探测发射信号在邻井套管上产生的二次涡流场，联合处理两个横向接收探头响应，可对正钻井与邻井套管之间的距离进行高精度反演，借助钻铤的旋转，利用横向接收探头可实现多分量井下探测，有利于对邻井套管进行更加精确的定位。
为了改善基于瞬变电磁信号的邻井检测***探测性能，横向接收探头的数量可以适当增加，多个横向接收包含更多的井下套管信息，但随着接收探头数量的增加，钻铤上所开槽的数量随之增加，也会对钻铤的重力和刚度产生相应影响；此外，纵向发射线圈的分布、几何参数和功率也会对横向接收探头的响应产生直接影响。因此，为使横向接收探头的分布在保证一定探测性能的条件下，不对随钻探测***产生严重影响，需对纵向发射探头和横向接收探头的尺寸、绕制参数、间距和安装角度进行联合优化。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解，上文中所公开方法中的全部或某些步骤、***、装置中的功能模块/单元可以被实施为软件、固件、硬件及其适当的组合。在硬件实施方式中，在以上描述中提及的功能模块/单元之间的划分不一定对应于物理组件的划分；例如，一个物理组件可以具有多个功能，或者一个功能或步骤可以由若干物理组件合作执行。某些组件或所有组件可以被实施为由处理器，如数字信号处理器或微处理器执行的软件，或者被实施为硬件，或者被实施为集成电路，如专用集成电路。这样的软件可以分布在计算机可读介质上，计算机可读介质可以包括计算机存储介质(或非暂时性介质)和通信介质(或暂时性介质)。如本领域普通技术人员公知的，术语计算机存储介质包括在用于存储信息(诸如计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其他数据)的任何方法或技术中实施的易失性和非易失性、可移除和不可移除介质。计算机存储介质包括但不限于RAM、ROM、EEPROM、闪存或 其他存储器技术、CD-ROM、数字多功能盘(DVD)或其他光盘存储、磁盒、磁带、磁盘存储或其他磁存储装置、或者可以用于存储期望的信息并且可以被计算机访问的任何其他的介质。此外，本领域普通技术人员公知的是，通信介质通常包含计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或者诸如载波或其他传输机制之类的调制数据信号中的其他数据，并且可包括任何信息递送介质。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种邻井检测装置，设置为第一口井的钻铤上；所述邻井检测装置包括发射探头和接收探头；其中：
    所述发射探头，设置为根据施加在本发射探头上的双极性瞬态脉冲信号产生一次磁场；所述一次磁场的变化能够在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生第二磁场；
    所述接收探头，设置为根据所述第二磁场产生感应电动势，其中，该感应电动势用于获取所述邻井的相对距离信息和方位信息。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的邻井检测装置，其中，所述发射探头为绕制在钻铤上的线圈；该绕制在钻铤上的线圈法向与钻铤轴向平行。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的邻井检测装置，其中，所述接收探头为设置在钻铤表面的横向线圈；该线圈与钻铤轴向垂直。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的邻井检测装置，其中，所述接收探头包括一对或多对；每一对接收探头对称安装在所述发射探头两端。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的邻井检测装置，其中，所述发射探头和所述接收探头包括软磁材料。
  6. 一种邻井检测方法，待检测的第一口井钻铤上设置有如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的邻井检测装置，所述邻井检测方法包括：
    当所述第一口井的钻铤匀速旋转时，向该邻井检测装置中的发射探头施加双极性瞬态脉冲信号；
    所述发射探头通过所述双极性瞬态脉冲信号激发产生一次磁场；所述一次磁场的变化能够在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生第二磁场；
    所述邻井检测装置中的接收探头根据所述第二磁场产生感应电动势；
    根据该感应电动势反演获得第二口井的相对距离信息和方位信息。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的邻井检测方法，其中，所述一次磁场的变化能够在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生第二磁场，包括：
    当双极性瞬态脉冲信号的正向脉冲激发所述发射探头时，所述发射探头 在空间中产生一次磁场；当该正向脉冲关断时，在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生环形感应电流并产生二次磁场。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的邻井检测方法，其中，所述感应电动势包括：
    Figure PCTCN2021132123-appb-100001
    上述感应电动势表达式中，U R表示感应电动势，ω表示信号角频率，N R表示接收探头线圈的匝数，S表示接收探头线圈的有效面积。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的邻井检测方法，其中，所述根据该感应电动势反演获得第二口井的相对距离信息和方位信息，包括：
    对每对接收探头所产生的感应电动势进行差分放大处理；
    对差分放大处理后的信号进行反演，获得第二口井的距离信息和方位信息。
  10. 一种邻井检测***，应用在丛式井的邻井检测中，包括权利要求1-5任一项所述的邻井检测装置、地面处理模块、信号模块；其中，
    所述信号模块，设置为向第一口井的所述邻井检测装置中的发射探头施加双极性瞬态脉冲信号；
    所述邻井检测装置，设置为根据所述双极性瞬态脉冲信号产生一次磁场；所述一次磁场的变化能够在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生第二磁场；根据所述第二磁场产生感应电动势；
    所述地面处理模块，设置为根据所述感应电动势反演获得第二口井的距离信息和方位信息。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的邻井检测***，其中，所述邻井检测装置包括：发射探头；
    所述发射探头为绕制在钻铤上的线圈；该绕制在钻铤上的线圈法向与钻铤轴向平行。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的邻井检测***，其中，所述邻井检测装置还包括：接收探头；
    所述接收探头为设置在钻铤表面的横向线圈；该线圈与钻铤轴向垂直；
    所述接收探头包括一对或多对；其中，每一对接收探头对称安装在所述发射探头两端。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的邻井检测***，其中，所述一次磁场的变化能够在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生第二磁场，包括：
    当双极性瞬态脉冲信号的正向脉冲激发所述发射探头时，所述发射探头在空间中产生一次磁场；当该正向脉冲关断时，在相邻的第二口井的套管上产生环形感应电流并产生二次磁场。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的邻井检测***，其中，所述感应电动势包括：
    Figure PCTCN2021132123-appb-100002
    上述感应电动势表达式中，U R表示感应电动势，ω表示信号角频率，N R表示接收探头线圈的匝数，S表示接收探头线圈的有效面积。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的邻井检测***，其中，所述根据所述感应电动势反演获得第二口井的相对距离信息和方位信息，包括：
    对每对接收探头所产生的感应电动势进行差分放大处理；
    对差分放大处理后的信号进行反演，获得第二口井的距离信息和方位信息。
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